Angle modulation varies the phase or frequency of the carrier wave based on the message signal, while keeping the carrier amplitude constant. There are two main types of angle modulation: phase modulation and frequency modulation. In phase modulation, the angular argument is varied linearly with the message signal. In frequency modulation, the instantaneous frequency is varied linearly with the message signal. Both can be generated using modulation circuits that involve integrating or differentiating the message signal before mixing it with the carrier wave.
Angle modulation varies the phase or frequency of the carrier wave based on the message signal, while keeping the carrier amplitude constant. There are two main types of angle modulation: phase modulation and frequency modulation. In phase modulation, the angular argument is varied linearly with the message signal. In frequency modulation, the instantaneous frequency is varied linearly with the message signal. Both can be generated using modulation circuits that involve integrating or differentiating the message signal before mixing it with the carrier wave.
Angle modulation varies the phase or frequency of the carrier wave based on the message signal, while keeping the carrier amplitude constant. There are two main types of angle modulation: phase modulation and frequency modulation. In phase modulation, the angular argument is varied linearly with the message signal. In frequency modulation, the instantaneous frequency is varied linearly with the message signal. Both can be generated using modulation circuits that involve integrating or differentiating the message signal before mixing it with the carrier wave.
Angle modulation varies the phase or frequency of the carrier wave based on the message signal, while keeping the carrier amplitude constant. There are two main types of angle modulation: phase modulation and frequency modulation. In phase modulation, the angular argument is varied linearly with the message signal. In frequency modulation, the instantaneous frequency is varied linearly with the message signal. Both can be generated using modulation circuits that involve integrating or differentiating the message signal before mixing it with the carrier wave.
UNIT-IV ANGLE MODULATION Notes-27 Angle Modulation: Angle Modulation is one in which either the phase or frequency of the Carrier wave is varied according to the message signal.
Here amplitude of the Carrier is constant.
Angle modulated wave can be represented as S (t ) = AC cos[ A(t )]
Where AC
Carrier amplitude remains constant and
A(t) is varied by a message signal m(t) For a complete cycle A(t) changes by 2 radians. If A(t) increases monotonically with time, during the interval from t to t+A, the average frequency is given by A(t + t ) A(t ) . f t = 2t The instantaneous frequency of the angle-modulated wave S(t) is given by A(t + t ) A(t ) fi (t ) = Lt f t (t ) = Lt
t 0 t 0 2t
1 d = [A(t )] 2 dt In the case of unmodulated carrier, the angle A(t) is given by A(t ) = 2f c t + QC When C is a constant at t = 0
Phase Modulation: Phase Modulation is that form of angle modulation in which the angular argument A(t) is varied linearly with the message signal m(t). A(t ) = 2f c t + k p m(t ) Where 2f c t is the angular argument of the unmodulated carrier and Kp is the phase sensitivity of the modulator The phase modulated wave in the time domain is given by S (t ) = AC cos 2f c t + k p m(t )
Frequency Modulation : Frequency modulation is that form of angle modulation in linearly with the message signal m(t). D.TIRUMALA RAO ECE GMRIT Ref: Analog & Digital Communications
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ANALOG COMMUNICATIONS LECTURE NOTES-27
UNIT-IV
i.e., f i (t ) = f c + K f m(t )
where fc represents unmodulated carrier frequency and Kf is the frequency
sensitivity of the modulator. Consider f i (t ) = f c + K f m(t ) as the instantaneous frequency.
Integrating wrt time,
t
f i (t ) dt =
But f i (t ) =
f e (t ) dt + K f m (t ) dt 0
1 d [ A(t ) ] 2 dt
1 d [A(t )]dt = fc dt + Kf m(t )dt 2 dt
d [A(t )] = 2fct + 2K m(t )dt
f
A(t ) = 2f c t + 2K f m(t )dt
0
So the frequency modulated wave can be expressed in time domain form as
t
S (t ) = AC cos 2f c t + 2K f m(t )dt
0
This can be generated by first integrating m(t) and then passed through a phase modulator along with a carrier signal as shown in fig below.
Figure
Similarly a Phase modulated (PM) wave can be generated by first differentiating
m(t) and then passing through a frequency modulator along with a carrier shown below.
