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    Cataract Extraction

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    Agung Choro de Obes
    Cataract removal is a common surgery that restores vision by removing the cloudy lens of the eye. Over 1 million cataract surgeries are performed annually in the US. The lens normally becomes clearer as we age, but can cloud over from factors like aging, sun exposure, or diabetes, impairing vision. Surgery involves making a small incision and using ultrasound vibrations or other techniques to break up and remove the cloudy lens. A plastic intraocular lens is then typically inserted to restore vision. Complications are rare but can include infection, bleeding, or double vision. Post-operative care involves eye protection and avoiding strenuous activity initially, with vision improvement over weeks.

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    Cataract Extraction

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    Agung Choro de Obes
    36 views5 pages
    Cataract removal is a common surgery that restores vision by removing the cloudy lens of the eye. Over 1 million cataract surgeries are performed annually in the US. The lens normally becomes clearer as we age, but can cloud over from factors like aging, sun exposure, or diabetes, impairing vision. Surgery involves making a small incision and using ultrasound vibrations or other techniques to break up and remove the cloudy lens. A plastic intraocular lens is then typically inserted to restore vision. Complications are rare but can include infection, bleeding, or double vision. Post-operative care involves eye protection and avoiding strenuous activity initially, with vision improvement over weeks.

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    Cataract removal is a common surgery that restores vision by removing the cloudy lens of the eye. Over 1 million cataract surgeries are performed annually in the US. The lens normally becomes clearer as we age, but can cloud over from factors like aging, sun exposure, or diabetes, impairing vision. Surgery involves making a small incision and using ultrasound vibrations or other techniques to break up and remove the cloudy lens. A plastic intraocular lens is then typically inserted to restore vision. Complications are rare but can include infection, bleeding, or double vision. Post-operative care involves eye protection and avoiding strenuous activity initially, with vision improvement over weeks.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as doc, pdf, or txt
    36 views5 pages

    Cataract Extraction

    Uploaded by

    Agung Choro de Obes
    Cataract removal is a common surgery that restores vision by removing the cloudy lens of the eye. Over 1 million cataract surgeries are performed annually in the US. The lens normally becomes clearer as we age, but can cloud over from factors like aging, sun exposure, or diabetes, impairing vision. Surgery involves making a small incision and using ultrasound vibrations or other techniques to break up and remove the cloudy lens. A plastic intraocular lens is then typically inserted to restore vision. Complications are rare but can include infection, bleeding, or double vision. Post-operative care involves eye protection and avoiding strenuous activity initially, with vision improvement over weeks.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Cataract Removal

    Humans are blessed with eyes that allow excellent colored as well as
    black and white vision which act as a camera for the brain. Quite often
    when an individual ages, the lens of the eye can become cloudy
    impairing vision. Surgery for removal of the cloudy lens corrects this
    problem and restores vision to normal. Approximately 1. million cataract
    surgeries are performed annually in the !nited States.
    Anatomy and Physiology
    "here are two eyes. "he eyes lie in bony casings within the skull called
    orbits. #ach eye is globular in shape and about one inch in diameter.
    $ight entering the front of the eye passes through the cornea, anterior
    %front& chamber, iris, lens and vitreous and finally is focused on the retina,
    the film of the eye. %'igure 1&
    'igure 1 ( #ye )ormal
    "he cornea is a curved, highly transparent tissue that separates
    air from clear fluid in the anterior chamber of the eye, which lies
    between the cornea and lens
    "he lens is a firm gel(like transparent tissue that is almost eight
    millimeters %one(third inch& in diameter and biconvex in shape,
    that is, thicker in the center than at the edge. A thin transparent
    capsule surrounds the lens
    "he iris is in front of the lens and consists of a circular pigmented
    muscle that gives the eye its color. "he iris acts like the
    diaphragm of a camera and ad*usts the amount of light that
    enters the eye through the hole in its center called the pupil. $ight
    then passes through the vitreous, a clear gel(like material that
    fills the center of the eye, onto the retina
    "he retina is the film of the eye. +t is a true extension of the brain
    and is composed of special nerve cells sensitive to light
    "he optic nerve is formed from these nerve cells and carries the
    light image entering the eye to the brain
    Pathology
    ,ith aging, the lens of the eye becomes clouded due to a chemical
    change in the composition of the lens. ,hile this may occur early in life, it
    generally occurs after the age of -. %'igure &. Some of the causes are/
    Hereditary defect
    !ltraviolet radiation from the sun
    +n*ury to the eye
    0iabetes
    +nfection
    1ertain medications such as steroids
    'igure ( 1louding of lens produces a cataract.
    1ataract prevention takes the form of
    2rotecting the eye from in*ury
    1ontrol of diabetes
    ,earing sunglasses that screen out ultraviolet radiation
    Symptoms
    3ision becomes progressively more clouded and distorted as a cataract
    develops. 4ne eye may become clouded more rapidly than the other
    such that the individual notices dimmer vision and distortion in one eye
    and not the other. 1olor may become less distinct and the eye may
    become more sensitive to light and glare. "here may be fre5uent
    changes in the prescription of eyeglasses and when very cloudy a
    change in prescription may no longer help. "he normally black pupil of
    the eye may appear white or yellow. ,hen the cataract develops slowly,
    the cataract may not be noticed until vision is significantly worse.
    Making the diagnosis
    "he diagnosis of a cataract is made by eye examination by your eye
    doctor with pecial instruments such as an ophthalmoscope %a hand held
    series of lens and light source& or a slit lamp %an office instrument with a
    controlled light source&. 4ther tests that measure night vision, contrast
    sensitivity and color vision may be used in making the diagnosis.
    Some cataracts may remain small or limited to the outer margin of the
    lens and not re5uire surgery. Surgery is considered only when the
    cataract significantly effects vision.
    Cataract Surgery
    "here are three procedures for removal of a lens with a cataract. #ach is
    carried out under the operating microscope by an ophthalmic surgeon.
    "he procedures are usually carried out under local anesthesia, though in
    selected cases, a general anesthetic can be used. %'igure 6&
    2hacoemulsification/ A small incision is made *ust outside the
    cornea. A tiny instrument that emits ultrasonic vibrations is
    inserted through the incision into the lens. "he vibrations break
    up the cataract into fine fragments that can be gently removed
    from the capsule by suction. "he back of the capsule remains
    intact. A few sutures close the incision
    #xtracapsular extraction/ "he lens is removed in one piece
    through the incision. "he back of the capsule remains in place.
    "he small incision is closed with a few sutures.
    +ntracapsular extraction/ +n this procedure, the entire cataract
    lens and the surrounding capsule is removed. 're5uently a
    free7ing device is used to remove the cataract
    'igure 6 ( "he cataract is removed
    After the cataract is removed, one of three procedures may be used to
    restore the function of the lens. %'igure -&.
    1ataract lens/ "hese are strong, thick glasses that increase the
    si7e of ob*ects. "here are drawbacks such as distortion when
    looking off(center, ob*ects seem larger than before, straight lines
    appear curved and side vision is limited
    1ontact lens/ ,hile contact lens do not have the drawbacks of
    cataract lens, it is necessary to remove and insert the lens
    sometimes on a daily basis.
    +ntraocular lens/ "his is a small plastic lens that is inserted in the
    eye after the cataract has been removed.
    1. ,ith one type of lens the ophthalmic surgeon enlarges the initial
    incision and the plastic lens is slipped behind the iris and up
    against the back wall of the capsule. "his is the position of the
    normal lens. 4ccasionally the intraocular lens may be inserted in
    front of he iris
    . Another uses a folded flexible plastic lens roughly one(fourth inch
    in diameter. "he folded lens is inserted into position behind the
    iris using a small instrument called an in*ector. ,hen the in*ector
    is removed, the lens opens into position
    'igure - ( "he intraocular lens is inserted
    between the posterior capsule and iris
    Complications
    1omplications specific to cataract surgery range from minor to the
    complete loss of the eye. Sometimes a complication can occur months or
    years later.
    "he capsule may become clouded at a later time. "his is known
    as a secondary cataract and may occur in 68(-8 percent of
    patients. "his, however, can be corrected by making an opening
    in the clouded capsule using a pulsed 9A: %yttrium(aluminum(
    garnet& laser %'igure .&
    'igure . ( A clouded posterior capsule is
    opened using the 9A: laser
    0islocation of the implanted lens
    +nfection
    Hemorrhage into the anterior chamber or vitreous
    1louding of the cornea
    Separation of the retina from the back of the eye with loss of
    vision
    :laucoma may develop
    0ouble vision may occur
    Atrophy of the iris with inability to change the si7e of the pupil
    0roopy eyelid
    "he necessity the lens to be removed or repositioned
    !veitis, a non(infectious inflammation of the pigmented portions
    of the eye such as the iris that can result in visual loss
    Postoperative Care
    "his surgery lasts under one hour. After surgery the patient is taken to a
    recovery area. "he eye is bandaged and protected with a metal shield.
    ;ost activities can be resumed almost immediately, however, heavy
    lifting and strenuous exercise should be avoided for the first week. 9our
    ophthalmologist will usually see you within the next -< hours in the office.
    3ision usually improves within a few days, but healing continues for eight
    to twelve weeks during which time vision continues to improve.
    1opyright= 888 9ourSurgery.1om All >ights >eserved

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