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Solutions

1) The electric field from a stack of rings is calculated by summing the contributions from each ring. Taking the limits as the ring radii approach each other yields the electric field of a line charge. 2) Considering the electric field as arising from two oppositely charged cylinders above and below the axis allows the problem to be solved more simply. 3) In the wave frame moving at the speed of the belt, the frequencies observed by the source and receiver differ due to the Doppler effect. The wavelength observed by the receiver is also altered.

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384 views4 pages

Solutions

1) The electric field from a stack of rings is calculated by summing the contributions from each ring. Taking the limits as the ring radii approach each other yields the electric field of a line charge. 2) Considering the electric field as arising from two oppositely charged cylinders above and below the axis allows the problem to be solved more simply. 3) In the wave frame moving at the speed of the belt, the frequencies observed by the source and receiver differ due to the Doppler effect. The wavelength observed by the receiver is also altered.

Uploaded by

Mìrägé Σ∞ Ãçê
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Problem 1

a) The electric field is sum of electric fields from a stack of rings located from z = -L to z = 0.
( )
( )
( )
3/ 2
2
2
)
z
dq H z
dE k
R H z

=
+

Q
dq dz
L
= (Id have done this our usual way 2r Q dQ 2rdz.)
( )
( )
( )
0
3/ 2
2
2
z
L
H z
Q
E k dz
L
R H z

=
+


b) Substituting ( )
2
u H z = ( ) 2 du H z dz = limits from
2
( ) H L + to
2
H
( )
( )
( )
( )
2
2
2 2
( )
( ) 0
3/ 2 3/ 2
2 2 2
2
2 2 2 2
1 1
1 1
( )
H L
H L
z
L H H
H z
Q Q Q
E k dz k du k
L L L
R u R u
R H z
Q
k
L
R H R H L
+
+

= = = =
+ +
+
(
= (
+ + + (



c) !hat follo"s is one "a# to take the limit. (I showed a quicker way in lecture.)
( )
1/ 2 1/ 2
2 2
2 2
2 2 2 2
2 2
2 2 2 2
3 3 2
1 1
( ) 1 1
( )
1 1
2 2( )
2 2( )
z
e
R R
H H L Q Q
E k k
L L H H L
R H R H L
R R
H H L Q Q L R R Q
k k k
L H H L L H H L H H L H

(
| | | |
+ + (
| |
(
+
( \ \
= = (
(
+
+ + + (

(
(

( | | | |

( | |
(
+
\ \
(
= +
(
(
+ + +

(


The same as from a $oint charge Q at a distance .

d) This setu$ can be sol%ed b# considering t"o c#linders "ith electric fields in o$$osite directions re$lacing in
formula for b) b# zero and ! b# ! & (electric field $ositi%e for the u$$er c#linder) and b# zero ! b#
(electric field negati%e for the lo"er c#linder). ("ven si#$ler % " &ro# the shorter $art o& the cylinder a'ove or
'elow the a(is cancels " $roduced 'y an equal len)th section on the other side.)
2 2 2 2
2 2 2 2
1 1 1 1
( )
1 1
( )
z
Q Q
E k k
L R L R
R L H R H
Q
k
L
R H R L H
(
(
== = (
(
+ ( +

(
= (
+ + (





Problem '

(dding another half c#linder one can ha%e a regular c#linder "ith the electric field for it. )ue to the s#mmetr#
of the t"o half c#linders the z com$onents of the electric field from t"o of them cancel out
0
2
x
E E = "here
0
E is the electric field from a full c#linder.
(ccording to *auss+s la",
3
2
0
0 0 0 0 0
3
0
0
2 2
2 ( )2
3
3
R R
dz Adz AR dz
E rdz r rdr r dr
AR
E
r


= = =
=


(nd finall#
3
0
6
x
AR
E
r
=
Problem -

.o%e into the "a%es frame of reference ("hich "e "ill call /0) b# sim$l# mo%ing at the s$eed of the belt. !e
find the %elocit# of the source and recei%er to be,

v
s
' = v
s
+ v
and
v
r
' = v
r
+ v
to the left.

To find the "a%elength in this frame of reference "e find the time bet"een the emission of "a%e-fronts ($ies)
and calculate the distance the source tra%els in that time (the belt is stationar# in this frame of course),

T
s
=
1
f
and
' = v
s
'T
s
=
(v
s
+ v)
f


The "a%e is stationar# in /0 so "e calculate ho" long it takes the recei%er to tra%el from one "a%e-front to the
ne1t,

T
r
=
'
v
r
'


and therefore the fre2uenc# the recei%er hears is

f
r
=
1
T
r
=
v
r
'
'
= f (
v
r
+ v
v
s
+ v
)


The "a%e s$eed relati%e to the recei%er is
v
r
+ v
so the "a%elength the recei%er sees is

r
=
(v
r
+ v)
f
r
=
(v
s
+ v)
f



*I did this slightl# di&&erently in lecture % ste$ 2a was the + o& #eters o& 'elt $assin) the receiver,sec- here that is
due only to receiver #otion- since the 'elt is stationary. .te$ 2' is to divide that nu#'er o& #eters 'y the $ie
s$acin),wavelen)th &ound in $art a./
















Problem 3














4ecause of the s#mmetr# of the $roblem "e can e1amine the $attern of minima and ma1ima as "e tra%el
around one half of the circle onl#. 4# e1amining the change in $ath length differences "e can find the total
change in $hase differences and find the $attern of minima and ma1ima. 4ecause the radius of the circle is
much greater than the se$aration bet"een the sources "e can a$$ro1imate the $aths of the three "a%es as
al"a#s $arallel (the# meet at infinit#) and therefore the $ath length difference bet"een t"o ad5acent sources is
L=
7D
3
sin( )

and therefore the $hase difference bet"een ad5acent sources is
= 2
L

=
14
3
sin()

(s "e go around one 2uarter of the circle the relati%e ad5acent $hase difference goes from 0 to

0< <
14
3

6f "e e1amine the addition of - $hasors "ith e2ual ad5acent $hase differences "e see that "e get,

minima "hen
=
2
3
,
4
3
+ 2n


large ma1ima "hen
= 2n


and small ma1ima "hen
= (2n+ 1)


So as "e tra%erse one half of a circle "e ha%e ma1ima at

= 4 , 3 , 2 , ,0, , 2 , 3 , 4

and minima at

= 14/ 3, 10/ 3, 8/3, 4/ 3, 2/ 3, 2/3, 4/ 3, 8/3, 10/ 3, 14/ 3


.a$$ing this to the "hole circle "e find a total of 17 ma1ima and 17 minima (#ou must a%oid counting the
minima at
= 14/ 3 = / 2
t"ice).

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