- 16 Tabulated values of the error

function
x
2
y 2
erf(x) =
e dy
0

x
0.00
0.01
0.02
0.03
0.04
0.05
0.06
0.07
0.08
0.09
0.10
0.11
0.12
0.13
0.14
0.15
0.16
0.17
0.18
0.19
0.20
0.21
0.22
0.23
0.24
0.25
0.26
0.27
0.28
0.29
0.30
0.31
0.32
0.33
0.34
0.35
0.36
0.37
0.38
0.39

erf x
0.000000
0.011283
0.022565
0.033841
0.045111
0.056372
0.067622
0.078858
0.090078
0.101282
0.112463
0.123623
0.134758
0.145867
0.156947
0.167996
0.179012
0.189992
0.200936
0.211840
0.222703
0.233522
0.244296
0.255023
0.265700
0.276326
0.286900
0.297418
0.307880
0.318283
0.328627
0.338908
0.349126
0.359279
0.369365
0.379382
0.389330
0.399206
0.409009
0.418739

x
0.40
0.41
0.42
0.43
0.44
0.45
0.46
0.47
0.48
0.49
0.50
0.51
0.52
0.53
0.54
0.55
0.56
0.57
0.58
0.59
0.60
0.61
0.62
0.63
0.64
0.65
0.66
0.67
0.68
0.69
0.70
0.71
0.72
0.73
0.74
0.75
0.76
0.77
0.78
0.79

erf x
0.428392
0.437969
0.447468
0.456887
0.466225
0.475482
0.484655
0.493745
0.502750
0.511668
0.520500
0.529244
0.537899
0.546464
0.554939
0.563323
0.571616
0.579816
0.587923
0.595936
0.603856
0.611681
0.619411
0.627046
0.634586
0.642029
0.649377
0.656628
0.663782
0.670840
0.677801
0.684666
0.691433
0.698104
0.704678
0.711156
0.717537
0.723822
0.730010
0.736103

x
0.80
0.81
0.82
0.83
0.84
0.85
0.86
0.87
0.88
0.89
0.90
0.91
0.92
0.93
0.94
0.95
0.96
0.97
0.98
0.99
1.00
1.01
1.02
1.03
1.04
1.05
1.06
1.07
1.08
1.09
1.10
1.11
1.12
1.13
1.14
1.15
1.16
1.17
1.18
1.19

erf x
0.742101
0.748003
0.753811
0.759524
0.765143
0.770668
0.776100
0.781440
0.786687
0.791843
0.796908
0.801883
0.806768
0.811564
0.816271
0.820891
0.825424
0.829870
0.834232
0.838508
0.842701
0.846810
0.850838
0.854784
0.858650
0.862436
0.866144
0.869773
0.873326
0.876803
0.880205
0.883533
0.886788
0.889971
0.893082
0.896124
0.899096
0.902000
0.904837
0.907608

x
1.20
1.21
1.22
1.23
1.24
1.25
1.26
1.27
1.28
1.29
1.30
1.31
1.32
1.33
1.34
1.35
1.36
1.37
1.38
1.39
1.40
1.41
1.42
1.43
1.44
1.45
1.46
1.47
1.48
1.49
1.50
1.51
1.52
1.53
1.54
1.55
1.56
1.57
1.58
1.59

erf x
0.910314
0.912956
0.915534
0.918050
0.920505
0.922900
0.925236
0.927514
0.929734
0.931899
0.934008
0.936063
0.938065
0.940015
0.941914
0.943762
0.945561
0.947312
0.949016
0.950673
0.952285
0.953852
0.955376
0.956857
0.958297
0.959695
0.961054
0.962373
0.963654
0.964898
0.966105
0.967277
0.968413
0.969516
0.970586
0.971623
0.972628
0.973603
0.974547
0.975462

- 17 -

x
1.60
1.61
1.62
1.63
1.64
1.65
1.66
1.67
1.68
1.69
1.70
1.71
1.72
1.73
1.74
1.75
1.76
1.77
1.78
1.79
1.80
1.81
1.82
1.83
1.84
1.85
1.86
1.87
1.88
1.89
1.90
1.91
1.92
1.93
1.94
1.95
1.96
1.97
1.98
1.99
2.00
2.01
2.02
2.03
2.04
2.05
2.06
2.07
2.08
2.09

erf x
0.976348
0.977207
0.978038
0.978843
0.979622
0.980376
0.981105
0.981810
0.982493
0.983153
0.983790
0.984407
0.985003
0.985578
0.986135
0.986672
0.987190
0.987691
0.988174
0.988641
0.989091
0.989525
0.989943
0.990347
0.990736
0.991111
0.991472
0.991821
0.992156
0.992479
0.992790
0.993090
0.993378
0.993656
0.993923
0.994179
0.994426
0.994664
0.994892
0.995111
0.995322
0.995525
0.995719
0.995906
0.996086
0.996258
0.996423
0.996582
0.996734
0.996880

x
2.10
2.11
2.12
2.13
2.14
2.15
2.16
2.17
2.18
2.19
2.20
2.21
2.22
2.23
2.24
2.25
2.26
2.27
2.28
2.29
2.30
2.31
2.32
2.33
2.34
2.35
2.36
2.37
2.38
2.39
2.40
2.41
2.42
2.43
2.44
2.45
2.46
2.47
2.48
2.49
2.50
2.51
2.52
2.53
2.54
2.55
2.56
2.57
2.58
2.59

erf x
0.997021
0.997155
0.997284
0.997407
0.997525
0.997639
0.997747
0.997851
0.997951
0.998046
0.998137
0.998224
0.998308
0.998388
0.998464
0.998537
0.998607
0.998674
0.998738
0.998799
0.998857
0.998912
0.998966
0.999016
0.999065
0.999111
0.999155
0.999197
0.999237
0.999275
0.999311
0.999346
0.999379
0.999411
0.999441
0.999469
0.999497
0.999523
0.999547
0.999571
0.999593
0.999614
0.999635
0.999654
0.999672
0.999689
0.999706
0.999722
0.999736
0.999751

x
2.60
2.61
2.62
2.63
2.64
2.65
2.66
2.67
2.68
2.69
2.70
2.71
2.72
2.73
2.74
2.75
2.76
2.77
2.78
2.79
2.80
2.81
2.82
2.83
2.84
2.85
2.86
2.87
2.88
2.89
2.90
2.91
2.92
2.93
2.94
2.95
2.96
2.97
2.98
2.99
3.00
3.01
3.02
3.03
3.04
3.05
3.06
3.07
3.08
3.09

erf x
0.999764
0.999777
0.999789
0.999800
0.999811
0.999822
0.999831
0.999841
0.999849
0.999858
0.999866
0.999873
0.999880
0.999887
0.999893
0.999899
0.999905
0.999910
0.999916
0.999920
0.999925
0.999929
0.999933
0.999937
0.999941
0.999944
0.999948
0.999951
0.999954
0.999956
0.999959
0.999961
0.999964
0.999966
0.999968
0.999970
0.999972
0.999973
0.999975
0.999977
0.99997791
0.99997926
0.99998053
0.99998173
0.99998286
0.99998392
0.99998492
0.99998586
0.99998674
0.99998757

x
3.10
3.11
3.12
3.13
3.14
3.15
3.16
3.17
3.18
3.19
3.20
3.21
3.22
3.23
3.24
3.25
3.26
3.27
3.28
3.29
3.30
3.31
3.32
3.33
3.34
3.35
3.36
3.37
3.38
3.39
3.40
3.41
3.42
3.43
3.44
3.45
3.46
3.47
3.48
3.49
3.50
3.51
3.52
3.53
3.54
3.55
3.56
3.57
3.58
3.59

erf x
0.99998835
0.99998908
0.99998977
0.99999042
0.99999103
0.99999160
0.99999214
0.99999264
0.99999311
0.99999356
0.99999397
0.99999436
0.99999473
0.99999507
0.99999540
0.99999570
0.99999598
0.99999624
0.99999649
0.99999672
0.99999694
0.99999715
0.99999734
0.99999751
0.99999768
0.999997838
0.999997983
0.999998120
0.999998247
0.999998367
0.999998478
0.999998582
0.999998679
0.999998770
0.999998855
0.999998934
0.999999008
0.999999077
0.999999141
0.999999201
0.999999257
0.999999309
0.999999358
0.999999403
0.999999445
0.999999485
0.999999521
0.999999555
0.999999587
0.999999617

- 18 -

x
3.60
3.61
3.62
3.63
3.64
3.65
3.66
3.67
3.68
3.69

erf x
0.999999644
0.999999670
0.999999694
0.999999716
0.999999736
0.999999756
0.999999773
0.999999790
0.999999805
0.999999820

x
3.70
3.71
3.72
3.73
3.74
3.75
3.76
3.77
3.78
3.79

erf x
0.999999833
0.999999845
0.999999857
0.999999867
0.999999877
0.999999886
0.999999895
0.999999903
0.999999910
0.999999917

x
3.80
3.81
3.82
3.83
3.84
3.85
3.86
3.87
3.88
3.89

erf x
0.999999923
0.999999929
0.999999934
0.999999939
0.999999944
0.999999948
0.999999952
0.999999956
0.999999959
0.999999962

x
3.90
3.91
3.92
3.93
3.94
3.95
3.96
3.97
3.98
3.99

erf x
0.999999965
0.999999968
0.999999970
0.999999973
0.999999975
0.999999977
0.999999979
0.999999980
0.999999982
0.999999983

For x equal to, or greater than, 4 the following approximation may normally be used:
ex
erf(x)
1
x

Some complementary error function values for large x are:

x
4.0
4.1
4.2
4.3
4.4
4.5
4.6
4.7
4.8
4.9

erfc x
1. 59 108
6. 89 109
2. 93 109
1. 22 109
5. 01 1010
2. 01 1010
7. 92 1011
3. 06 1011
1. 16 1011
4. 30 1012

Please recall that before calculating erf (z) you may need to use this conversion formulae relating the voltage x and mean value m to the
standard deviation of the noise :
xm
z=
2

And the CD or error probability is then given by:

1
[ 1 + / erf (z) ]
2

The +/ sign is used in front of the erf function depending on whether the CD is to be calculated for values less/greater than x.

pmg/seccy/PER/TEACHING/COMNOTES/handout2007