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Rev Chapter 4 Complex Numbers

1. The document discusses complex numbers, including: representing them as a + bi, finding the conjugate, modulus, and argument. 2. It introduces the polar form of a complex number as r(cosθ + i sinθ) and covers operations like multiplication, division, and powers of complex numbers. 3. Examples are provided to demonstrate working with complex numbers in algebraic expressions and solving equations. De Moivre's theorem is also introduced for finding roots of a complex number.

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KwongKH
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309 views2 pages

Rev Chapter 4 Complex Numbers

1. The document discusses complex numbers, including: representing them as a + bi, finding the conjugate, modulus, and argument. 2. It introduces the polar form of a complex number as r(cosθ + i sinθ) and covers operations like multiplication, division, and powers of complex numbers. 3. Examples are provided to demonstrate working with complex numbers in algebraic expressions and solving equations. De Moivre's theorem is also introduced for finding roots of a complex number.

Uploaded by

KwongKH
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Revision: Complex Numbers

1. For any complex number z = a + b i, where a, b


are real numbers and i
2
= -1, then
i) a = Real part and b = imaginary part
ii) the conjugate is z* = a bi
iii) the modulus is
2 2
z a b = +
iv) the argument is arg z = tan
-1 b
a

v) the Argand diagram is











vi) The angle u is positive, if it is measure in the
anticlockwise direction and is negative if it is measure in
clockwise direction.

2. If a + ib is a complex root of a polynomial, then its
conjugate a ib is also a root of the polynomial.

3. The polar form: z = r ( cos + i sin )
Where r = z and = Argument
4. If z
1
= r
1
( cos
1
+ i sin
1
) and z
2
= r
2
(cos
2
+ i sin

2
)
Then
i) z
1
z
2
= r
1
r
2
[ cos(
1
+
2
) + i sin (
1
+
2
) ]
ii)

1 1
1 2 1 2
2 2
[ cos( ) sin( )]
z r
i
z r
u u u u = +

5. By using De Moivres Theorem
a) The power of a complex number z = r [ cos +
i sin] is z
n
= r
n
[ cos n + I sin n ].
b) The n
th
roots of a complex number z = r(cos
+ i sin ), with n as a positive integer, is

1 1
2 2
cos sin
n n
k k
z r i
n n
u t u t + + | | | |
= +
`
| |
\ . \ . )

where k = 0, 1, 2, , n 1

Note
i) the modulus of the n
th
root is
1
n
r
ii) the argument of the first n
th
root is
n
u
and the
subsequent each n
th
root exceed the argument of
the previous root by
2
n
t
.
iii) all the n
th
roots of z lie equally spaced on the
circle with radius
1
n
r .







Exercise

1. If z1 = 2 + i and z2 = 3 2i , find
a) 2 z1 + i z2 [6+5i]
b)
1 2
z z [ 65 ]
c)
1
2
z 2i
1 i z
+
+
[
5 i
6 6
+ ]

2. The complex number z is such that z - 2z* = 3 -
3i, where z*.denotes the conjugate of z.
(a) Express z in the form a + bi, where a and b
are real numbers.
(b) Find the modulus and argument of z.
(c) Convert z in polar form
(d) Represent z and its conjugate in an Argand
diagram.

3. The two non-real roots of the equation z
3
+ z
2
+ 3z
- 5 = 0 are z
1
and z
2
. Find z
1
and z
2
in the form a
+ ib, and show that
z
1
z
2
+ z
1
+ z
2
= 3. [-1 2i]

4. The complex numbers z
1
and z
2
satisfy the
equation z
2
= 2 - 2 3 i.
a) Express z
1
and z
2
in the form of a + bi, where
a and b are real numbers.
b) Represent z
1
and z
2
in an Argand diagram.
c) For each z
1
and z
2
, find the modulus, and the
argument in radians.
[Z
1
= 3 +i ; 3 - i ;
1 2
Z Z = =2; Arg(Z
1
) =
5
6
t
; Arg(Z
2
)
= -
6
t
]
5. The complex number z is given by z =1 3i +
(a) Find z and arg z.
(b) Using de Moivre's theorem, show that z
5
= 16
16 3 i
(c) Express
4
*
z
z
in the form x + yi, where z* is
the conjugate of z and x, y R


6. Express in the form a + bi where a, b e R
a)
10
3 1
2 2
i
| |
+
|
|
\ .
[
1 3
2 2
i ]
b)
6
sin cos
3 3
i
t t ( | | | |
+
| | (
\ . \ .
[-1]
c)
| |
3
1
4 4i
[
( )
1
1
256
i + ]
d)
( )
( )
5 5
8 cos sin
9 9
2 2
2 cos sin
9 9
i
i
t t
t t
+
+
[2 + i 2 3 ]

x
Z(a, b)
a
O
r
u
Real
axis
I
m
a
g
i
n
a
r
y

a
x
i
s


tan u =
7. Find the smallest positive integer values of p and q
for which

cos sin
8 8
cos sin
12 12
p
q
i
i
t t
t t
+

| |
|
\ .
| |
|
\ .
[p=2; q=3]

8. Write down the five roots of the equation z
5
= 1 ,
giving your answers in the polar form with -t < <
t.
[Ans: cos cos
2 2 4 4
1 cos 0 sin 0; sin ; sin
5 5 5 5
or i i i
t t t t
+ + +

cos( cos(
2 2 4 4
sin( ; sin(
5 5 5 5
) ) ) ) i i
t t t t
+ + ]


9. a) Find the roots of w
4
= - 16i , and sketch the
roots on the an Argand diagram.
b) Find the fifth root of 3 i +
[ (b)
t t
t t + +
= +
( | |
| (
| (
| (
\ .
1
5
k
2 2
6 6
2 cos sin
5 5
k k
z i ,
where k = 0, 1 , 2, 3, 4 ]

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