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This document contains tutorial questions about voltage regulators. It includes 6 questions with multiple parts about designing voltage regulator circuits using zener diodes, transistors, and operational amplifiers. The circuits regulate voltage as the input voltage varies and limit maximum output current. Calculations are required to determine component values, regulated output voltages, and power dissipation in the circuits.

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271 views

Tutorial 1 PDF

This document contains tutorial questions about voltage regulators. It includes 6 questions with multiple parts about designing voltage regulator circuits using zener diodes, transistors, and operational amplifiers. The circuits regulate voltage as the input voltage varies and limit maximum output current. Calculations are required to determine component values, regulated output voltages, and power dissipation in the circuits.

Uploaded by

马铃淑
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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FAKULTI KEJURUTERAAN ELEKTRONIK DAN KEJURUTERAAN KOMPUTER

BENE2163: ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS


SESSION 2013/2014

TUTORIAL 1: VOLTAGE REGULATORS


QUESTION 1

(a) The base-to-emitter voltage of the transistor in Figure Q1(a) is 0.7V. V
in
varies from 12V
to 24V. In order to design the circuit in Figure Q1(a)

(i) what is the breakdown voltage should the zener diode have if the load voltage is to
be maintained at 9V?

(ii) what is the maximum value should R have, if the zener diode must conduct 10mA
of reverse current to remain in breakdown?

(iii) what is the maximum power dissipated in the zener diode, with the value of R
found in (ii)?

Figure Q1(a)

(b) Draw a schematic diagram of a power supply circuit that can be operated from a.c supply
of 240V, 50Hz to produce 12Vdc using fixed IC regulators. Do not calculate
component values.
2

(c) Referring to Figure Q1(c),

(i) what range of regulated output voltages can be obtained by adjusting the
potentiometer through its entire range?

(ii) what value of R
sc
should be used to limit the maximum current to 0.5A?

(iii) what power is dissipated in the pass transistor when the output voltage is
maximum?

Figure Q1(c)


QUESTION 2

(a) Given that the base-to-emitter voltage of the transistor is 0.7V and load resistance,
RL=2k. Design the circuit shown in Figure Q2(a) with input voltage varying from 18V
to 30V by answering the following questions:

(i) Determine the breakdown voltage for zener diode if the load voltage is to be
maintained at 10V.

(ii) Determine the maximum value of resistor, R, if the zener diode must conduct
9.125mA of reverse current to remain in breakdown.

(iii) Determine the maximum current through the zener diode, with the value of R
found in part (ii).

(iv) Determine the maximum power dissipated in the zener diode.
3


(v) Determine the minimum and maximum collector-to-emitter voltage of the
transistor

(vi) Determine the load current, IL through load by Vo

(vii) The maximum power dissipated in transistor.

Figure Q2(a)


(b) Design the current-limited, series voltage regulator as shown in Figure Q2(b) using a
9.1V zener diode. The regulated output is 31.85V and the maximum output current
should be limited to 350mA. The zener diode current should be 15mA when V
i
= 39.1V.
Assuming: R
1
=25k and I
L
=31.85ma.


IL


Figure Q1(b)
R2
4

QUESTION 3

(a) Define line regulation and load regulation.

(b) The input of a certain regulator increases by 3.5V. As a result, the output voltage
increases by 0.042V. The nominal output is 20V. Determine the line regulation in both %
and in %V.

(c) If a 5V power supply has an output resistance of 80m and a specified maximum output
current of 1A, what is the load regulation?

(d) Let us determine the output voltage V
o
, output current I
o
and I
o(max)
, and output ripple
voltage v
r(p-p)
for the regulator of Figure Q3(d), given the following:

V
in
= 16V, v
r(p-p)

= 2V, R
2
set at 7k, V
z
= 7.5V, I
zk
=0.25mA, r
z
@ I
zT
= 20mA is 6



Figure Q3(d)

(e) Design a series voltage regulator using an operational amplifier and a 6V zener diode to
maintain a regulated output of 18V. Assume that the unregulated input varies between
20V and 30V and that the current through the zener diode must be at least 20mA to keep
it in its breakdown region. The sampling current should be limited to 10mA.





5

QUESTION 4

(a) By referring to Figure Q4(a):

(i) sketch the voltage waveforms across transformer secondary winding and load
resistor.

(ii) prove that the rms output voltage;
m o(rms)
V 707 . 0 V .



Figure Q4(a): Full wave bridge rectifier circuit


(b) Figure Q4(b) shows a regulated power supply circuit. The unregulated output voltage,
V
dc
= 34V.

(i) Derive the equation for regulated output voltage, V
o
.
(ii) Calculate the regulated output voltage,
O
V .
(iii) Calculate voltage,V
4
and current,I
4
through the resistor R
4
.
(iv) Calculate the collector-to-emitter voltage,
CE
V of the pass transistor,Q
1
.
(v) Calculate the power dissipated in the pass transistor,Q
1 .



Turn ratio (10:1)
6



Figure Q4(b)










R2=2k
7

QUESTION 5

(a) Draw the circuit of a voltage supply comprised of a full-wave bridge rectifier, capacitor
filter and IC regulator to provide an output of +12 V.


(b) Figure Q5(b) shows a typical DC power regulator supplied from an AC mains. The
supply voltage is V t V
s
) 314 sin( 340 .
(i) Explain why the voltage from a DC power regulated supplied has to be regulated.
(ii) Sketch waveforms of V
s
, V
1
, V
o
and i
D1
.




Figure Q5(b)


(c) Referring to the Figure Q5(c), the input voltage supplies a total current of 500 mA when
the regulated output voltage is 18 V. If 200 , 6 , 100
1
R V V R
Z L
, and the
collector current in Q
2
is negligible, determine:

(i) the load current,
L
I , zener current,
Z
I and collector current, ) (
1 1
Q I
C

(ii) the power dissipated in the pass transistor Q
1
, ) (
1
Q P
D


8



Figure Q5(c)




QUESTION 6

(a) The following components are at your disposal: A 240V/12V center tapped transformer,
2 power diodes, 1N4002, two capacitors, 470F and 0.1F and IC regulator, A 7812, a
switch and a fuse. Draw and label a complete regulated power supply using the
components given. Mark clearly the values and polarities of the all the important
parameters involved.

(b) Draw a shunt regulator circuit using a transistor and a zener diode.

(c) Refer to Figure Q6(c).

(vi) Determine the zener current, I
z
.

(vii) Calculate the maximum and minimum regulated output voltage, V
o
that can be
obtained.

(viii) Calculate the collector-to-emitter voltage,
CE
V of the pass transistor, Q1 when the
potentiometer is set for the maximum resistance.


6.3V
+
-
1 k
20V

Figure Q6(c)
5 k
1 k
5 k
10 K
9

500

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