Camera Shots, Angle, Movement, Composition

Shots:
Establishing shot- used to set the scene
Master shot-An angle that captures all characters and is used from start to finish
Close-up-Showing a characters head/shoulders only
Mid-shot-Showing a character from waist up
Long shot-Showing the whole of a character
Wide shot-Showing a whole character long shot!
Two-shot-Showing two characters and relationship between them
Aerial shot-A shot taken from high above
Point of view shot-Showing what the character can see
Over the shoulder shot-filmed over a characters shoulder often used in conversations
Buffer shot-A bridging shot to separate two shots which would have reverse the continuity of it

Angle:
High angle-A shot filmed from above) looking down
Low angle-A shot filmed from below) looking up
Canted angle-A shot filmed slanted to one side

Movement:
Pan-filmed using a camera filed at one point) moved left/right
Filmed using a camera fixed at one point) moved up/down
Track-to follow a character as they move
Dolly-to smoothly, zoom in/out of a shot
Crane-to film in a vertical direction
Steadicam-Filmed by being attached to the operator to provide a smooth shot
Hand-held-filmed by being held-used to create a homemade shot
Zoom/reverse zoom-zooming into/out of a shot

Composition:
Framing-drawing attention to a subject or image in shot by blocking other parts of the action by
something in the scene
Rule of thirds-Breaking a shot down into thirds horizontally and vertically to create 3 even parts
Depth of field-The distance between the nearest and farthest object that appear sharp
Deep focus-Where the foreground) middle ground and background are all clear
Shallow focus-Where one object is in focus where everything else is out of focus
Focus pulls-Where the focus changes within a shot) changing from one subject to another

Editing
Includes transition of image and sound
Continuity-one continuous shot
Non-continuity-montage of shots

Cutting:
Shot/reverse shot-conversation
Eye line match-what the character is looking at
Graphic match-Cutting between two different objects
Match cut-cutting between two different shots to make them seem smooth
Action match-Cutting between two different shots to make it appear continuous e.g. talking to
someone outside the door to a shot inside of them shutting the door to continue

Jump cut-When a shot transitions to the next one which is very similar) often viewed as a mistake
in editing
Motivated cut-A cut at the point where the action makes the viewer want to see something that is
not visible
Crosscutting-Where the camera cuts from one action to another to suggest the similarity of them
Parallel editing-Alternating two or more scenes that happen simultaneously but in two different
places) often coming together in one place
Cutaway/insert-The interruption of a continuous shot with something else
Fast paced editing-Where scenes are cut together using lots of short clips to create an effect that
the action is occurring quickly (high cutting rate)
Cutting rhythm-The way the shots are put together to make it fast/slow pace and to build tension
etc.
Inset-A special visual effect where a reduced shot is superimposed on the main shot
Split screen-The division of the screen into different parts to show more than one action
Stock shot-footage already available to use for another purpose than what it was originally filmed
for

Other transitions:
Dissolve-the gradual transition from one shot to another
Fade-in/fade-out-When the picture turns to a single colour) usually black) or another image
Wipe-Where a new image is inserted travelling from one side to another
Superimposition-Putting a new image onto another
Long take-One uninterrupted shot which lasts long time
Short take-One short shot that is interrupted and then changed
Slow motion-Showing action slower to make it more dramatic
Ellipsis-Inserting a transition that creates a gap in the film, creating tension
Expansion of timeWhere the duration of a video sequence is longer than real time
Visual effects-Inputting things that you could not film e.g. explosions etc.

Sound
Soundtrack-The music that is played within a film
Score-Part of the films soundtrack that includes dialogue and special effects
Incidental music-Music that is written to enhance the mood of a scene and is played alongside
shots (soundtrack)
Themes-The piece of music that is used frequently alongside an opening sequence or credits) its
always associated with that show
Stings-A short musical phrase that is used alongside a film clip to identify a certain thing e.g. a
regular section of a show or to show a dramatic climax is imminent
Ambient soundMusic used to create atmosphere) used when silence is not wanted
Diegetic sound-Sound that would normally be in that clip e.g. people talking characters-can hear
Non-diegetic sound-Sound that would not be naturally in that clip e.g. a soundtrack overlaycharacters cannot hear!
Synchronous sound-Sound that is matched to certain actions in the clip e.g. footsteps for walking
Asynchronous sound-Sound that matches the action but is not precisely synchronised e.g. police
sirens when a police car passes does not have to be accurate
Sound effects-A sound created and added into a clip to emphasize a certain moment
Sound motif-A sound effect/effects that signifies a symbolic meaning
Sound bridge-Used as a transition to create continuity
Dialogue-Natural voices/conversation within a clip

 Voiceover-Voices/conversation inserted onto a clip to create a narrative

Mode of address-(How the text speaks to the audience and involves/influences them
Direct address-the name of a person) normally) who is being spoken to
Sound mixing-Where multiple recorded sounds are combined
Sound perspective-Where the sound is given distance) e.g. frequency and volume show how
far/close it is

Mise-en-Scne
Production design-The overall look of the film
Location-Where it is set
Studio-Where it is filmed
Set design-What the set looks like
Costume/ make-up-the things the characters wear
Lighting-Natural/artificial etc.
Colour design-Cold/warm) editing the lighting/set/costume to fit in with the mood of the film

Charlotte Hull