,,>,

'i

Lateral Loads

u~ wl:-:',.JI o.k ~y:.:; J~l olcl.;-c ~ wi :~','vJl i.~~~ ~

~I ~r)1
JL..:>-"il~...
~l:J1 ~f)1
..

~ ~'l ~..
. ~r
u~

uf>". i

. "\:\ \ .J I <.5lc
~
. ..

. <-~ i (WindLoads). L"L)I ~

~~I
.....

u~ J

~0'l o~

u~

. (':.
U~J

(Seisntic Loads) J.J "i:) I

jz

Seismic Loads
..

..

cL.o.J..Lc

Methods of analysis of structures under seismic loads

1- Equivalent static load.

! 2- Spectral Analysis.
1- Dynamic Analysis.

,1- Equivalent static load. ~~~I

d...Jb.J
J Jo
' '- 'I

j~

1:':.w...oJ I

tSj

,q .... .

..r j-U U

r~

. . ..

(j) H< 100 m

(H): 7~ J~ ~ 1:~J".oJ1
~:tl

(2)

->j-.UI

7~

tlJ:>->l
,.

uJl wlwlw:?ll

::<5

(b):

JI))I o;S

o4-:>l uj

u~:t' ~I

Uniform shape.
::u.J I ~
1<'"' j
...~..l::>...J :t T
r...9 J::-C-'
.. u

r...9

("~ 'i I ..) IJ J:?II

tSj

,J j

J-> ~)

(1) Uniform statical system

. 'I ->.J,J
I
u~

fJ"':
~ u""~L:w:tl

Sec 2
Core

,t

fill

III

III

, . rn

~.

"'"'---=----""'--'--""-----'"~

Sec 4
Flat Slab

'" j ..u:. tS
~

Sec}
Shear wall

sa
m

--

i lJa.:J1

i! iii di
ISec3
'Solid Slab

~l:i..... ':il

J=.-.

d...L..~
- 1_'1 o..i.tb ~
": .. f_'

2- $pectral Analysis.
~

_ ~ WI ..bJ,.;:J I \ ,::,,:,~ I lS.-9 .;J y:J 0 I ~

(f) lOO<H<150
H

J.:.' h'i J

~~I.JJ~I ~~ lSJl ulwL/il~~ J~

(H)

4 1.!# I

>5

(b)

- \'- 'I
J 1'.Y.Y

0"
. rii

\:~llU:;.Jl

(r

~
. I~r..9j

r..9j j ~ I

...u:...J
I

CD Uniform shape

o Uniform statical system

4 .~\~.; G.....,

1 u ~ 1:'~ ~ 11

ulc

J IjJjJ' ~ b ~ i

u~1 o~ o~ ~ ,.l-.l~J .JJJ

u~1 ~ ~ ~

uj

lSl.c ~# I 0 J..e

J5 :t.b)).:

~~

y';:;

..ll.c

-14'; c'j

~.;-c

~J "::ll.oll 4.:~~-o~.J.J1 <Y"'~l il~~

4...,-- -II lS~

_0'1 ~

.~
., ~

!A.u-C-

o..u...,.,~.,
4...,- .- -'I ~""
~

::\..i,.. ~
'-II

3- Dynamic Analysis.

(f) H >'150 ;,.;--u

a..Jl:.iJ l..b - .... 'I \ ::'l')~ I

j , ~ ....

u-

or Y-' tJ

d.JL - t_ 'I
. . . .. .)-"'-'

(H) ~~I.JJ~I ~~ uJl ulwlw~I~~ J~

oJ..e "" h'i J

<.9 ...

(r ~I tu:';.JJ

Uniform or non uniform shape.

CD Uniform or non uniform statical system .~
~ I ~ b.cJ I

uj ~ I~ I

~WI ~.J ~I :D~I

~l:u~1
....
..

\:.11

<Y"~

<.S",JU I

t-c :u

~ L.::..

uk- 41.:.;-hJ I 0 ~

.J

c';

u~~~1 ~J~I ~~ 1.::U4.U

~L:u~IJ\l~1
\.,.,... j ~
r...9....
..
~ tJ
.... J

. .::,L..,L..,::Il

'"" -0.:;

~jiJl Jl.L::, t~,;,J1

JI'-I''l'
Y.Y u-C

JSJ

Equivalent static load method.

~~-.l>.

u-c

4,;:':,L:J1 4.~~~4~...01 u~1 ~~ uk 4 9"!~1 o~ ~"icJ

(W)\:"~.o.J1

ujJ uk

~, ~r- ~jiJl

fi

~ ~ ~j

"I', 4

(v) a.~99i a.:\:;l:i.....,~ u~ uJ1 JljJ.)J

-.lA";c"i

t"~l".o.J1 u~)~ u? ~I ~lyJl ~J

ty -

...ll..c

.J.~ c';

.J l~

Yy

u.:.iJ I

(J-> l~"~ I ,l.L:uJ 1. .Jj,J

(J) Zone factor. ( Z)

,.~,,19;

tJ

'~~r JljJj ~~~ ~ :U\ ~ t:~J\.o.J1 u~ uk Jj~

J I.).) I

I Zone Numbe11

Zone 1

II

0.10

Zone 2

II

0.20

o~

('" '.:

0.30

'
I

1.0
1.25

~ J,l:;

1) r

&taW I I..l.CL ~ ~1.:r.--rJ5

/I

~l:u.....,;;
..

r~1

" ~ ~ - l:i..1~1
~..p."""
"

- ~ 'il" ~.,:WI ~l J.=..l.,....,

l/'...., I - ~ ~ 3~.:r.-- ~ J.=..I.,....,

'11
d....o WI

I ~ ~0'.JI~1 ~1.;Lr 0'-.9 ~~I

u

~,.rCJI" ~~I ~I~I - o.;-eWI

II d..!,5'.~1 - ~)..l11 - ~..l WI .....

uJ 1~

Area

~"ilding Type

I[Importance/actor!1

lYo J-b b..o

II

I
II
I
(1) Importance factor. (I)
Zone 3

'>-

;,'L.a:;'t l )

:l...ky":J1

u.:.4-JJ I
wt.-:u.o.lJ

,.wt ) ul.!~.';,:;,.,.J1

(9

(J) Statical system factor. (K)

.j

~ J u~ uJ.c..9 19 \., ~ J <..P ~

:t'

i Uu.J I uJ.c Li:9 ~ ~ l.c-,

4.~ 99~I u~ I i J Lg:; (j'.:.U I y,ol:u:J I

(Shear wall - Core - Frame)

..~
"'"il

I
II

1.333

1.0

0.80

I
I[

0.67
1

<5 ~

i #1

11

>~alC.

(Shear wall)OR( Core)

(Fralnes + Core) OR (Frames + Shear wall)

Non - Ductile Frames. (Flat Slab)

Ductile Frames

(Solid Slab)

@) Seismic factor. ( c)

15ir

':/>

t.. ~ \.J.J

T:-

II ~ax= 0. 12

0.12

11

;.{.: r.:.' la JI ~.l:.lJ I (.r j

0.J4-c- t:u <>..1 I

(Frames) 0-r-

0.1 N
T=

(N)
(H)

~o

b
t'~u~l Jlyjl
I..-)

J-.l.C

~.~ ~ I

0:r

~~~

U:; I

L..)I-

?"il .),9..01 I...;-'~ 15J l ...::,LL, ~I

I
I

CJ) Soil factor (S)

I S

II
II

1.0

1.15

II

1.30

II

~;J' Cy
Dense Soil or Rock

d..., L.:i.J I 0

~.L, ;'-7Y

Medium Soil

~..

> 500 kg/ m

---..~
---..~

..

.Y

4~9.o ~;;

Loos or Weak Soil

L. L ~ 500 kg/m2
L .L

~Lc:i.J1

. w = D. L

only

W=D. L + 0.5 L.L

--

Distribution of lateral force ( V)

.)IJJ:tl J-.lL

u.l.c u~ uk

oyrJl

JljJjJl o~

ts. jy

J5 ~j-~'.u. u.l.c ~j.U o9J-i~ ~ (in elevation)

o~1 o~ rt- jy ~ .)JJ J5 uk oy~1 o~l, ~ J~I ~
(inplan) ~jli; J~ u.:.;J1 y.ol:uJ1 u.lc o~ uk. .)JJ JSJ
. .)JJ

I-Distribution of lateral force (V) in elevatio;: .

Wil.
I
I
to~/ top ~ W. H.

E=(V-F ).
1

( i ) ~ ~ J j.JJ I

(E)
I
( V)
tot

'-:-'.J' yj~ u3

.;; y

u.:iJ I

~"i I 0~ I

~J rSJ.co~1J
~Ioo'l
Y ~..
~

rS .

({op)
F

{=

~ ::II JjJJI '-:-' -'"~LS.J )y LS:.iJ I ~::II o~1

0.07 T V

... T

0.25 Vi

L,~ (i) ~~ ~j~l tlj:;~1

L:.,L,L,::!I '-:-'~ J~ ~

(ff[) (i) ~~

~j-.W u~'~'jJI uj~'

* IF L.L. ~ 500 kg/m2

W.I = D.L. only

* IF L.L.

> 500 kg/m2

W.I = D.L. + 0.5 L.L.

> O. 70

Sec

/ O. 70 S ec
... . T ~

= 0

I{op ~
(II;)

f;;:]

Shear Diagram

Over Turning
Moment

Over Turning Moment

Force Diagram

2:..El H.I

Resisting Moment = Wx ~
D
.I.'

actor

O~I'S,I'.
'J

aJ ety

Resisting Moment
Over Turning Moment

>

1.5

Exampie(J)
For~the

shown figure of a housing building lies at. 4s~an. The building,

consist of ( 6) repeated floors. Live load = 200 Kg / m :

Due to Earthquake loads it is required to :

a) Calculate the story shear at each floor level and draw its distribution
on the height of the building.
b ) Find the bending moment and shearing forces acting at base level of
the R. C columns.
c) Check The Stability of the building against over turning

Elvation
'// / // / / / / // / / / / / / / // / / / // // / / /

- - - 7 x3 = 21 m1------,-J

---I

Plan

/=1.0

Z= e.3

= 0.10 N =

0.10x 6

K= 0.67
0.60 see

c= lS(r = lS~
0.6 = 0.086 < 0.12
Assume S = 1.3

V=(ZIKCS) W
V= (0.3x1xO.67x 0.086 x l..3)W
V = (2.24 g,o ) W

V = (0.02236) W
---'

ts --

700 _ 15.55 em
take ts
16 em
452
~=tsOc+F.C.= (O.16 x 2.5+0.15) = 0.55t/nz
Area = 21 x21 = 441 nl

Assume weight of columns and beams = 5 % lveight of slab

D.L/floor

0~55x 441x 1.05

L.L = 200 Kg 1m
.'. W =

6x 254.7

total

= 254.7 t

<

500 Kg /m

Ujy.L
=

1527.6 ton

V= (2.24 %)W =0.0224 x1527.6 ~.34.22 toni

'~

WH.
E=(V-F ), I I
l
tot top ~ WHo
f;;j

T
i =6

~
i=l

<

0. 7 sec

W H.

:::;;;;;;;:::::

l-::-

QJiH;

= (34.22) 16046.1

!'9.0
- 6.0
30 I I
I

Ffop

=254.7(i8+15+12+9+6+3) "
= 16046.1

18.0
15.0
12.0

F1

Floor

W.1

HI

254.7

18.0

9.7Y

9.78

15.0

8.15 r

17.93

254.7
254.7

12.0

6.52

24.45

3
2

254.7
254.7

9.0

4.89
3.26 .

254.7

'2. Shear

6.0
3.0

1.63

29.34
32.6
34.22

9.]8.
17.93

Q)

8.15

24.45

(])

6.52

29.34
32.6
34.22

4.89

CD

3.26

0_-

---~

.\

([)

1.63

'\ II

34.22

,,

., /
.

Shear Diagram

Force Diagram

Shearing force at bese =\ 34.22 t

Moment at base ="2..ExH.

1

= 9.78 x18+8.15x15+6.52x12+4.89x9
+3.26x6 +1.63x 3 =/444.99 m.t.
Resisting Moment =
Factor Of Safety

WTotalX ff =1527~6x 221 = _~16039.8. m.t.

Resisting Moment
Over TurningMonlent
16039.8
444.99

= 36

Example@
The shown figure of a store house which lies at Cairo. The building consist of a ground, mezzanine and 8 repeated floors and tow basements.
Live load and floor heights are shown in elevation
Due to Earthquake loads it is required to :
a) Calculate the story shear at each floor level and draw its distribution
on the height of the building.
b ) Find the bending moments and shearing forces acting at base level.

L.L =200 Kglm:1

L.L =400 Kg m

:1

L.L =400 Kg m:1

2

L.L =400 Kg m

:::

L.L=400 Kg !1m 2

---1----r---1----r--6~O I :~1~:~El:~:~t:~ I
I

L.L=400 Kg m1

6~0

6~0

6.0

L.L =400 Kg !1m 2

l
6.0

---l----L---l----L--- I

L.L=400 Kg '1m

L.L =400 Kg m

L.L =800 Kg m

(;;

~.L=800 K~ 'nl

YYY

L.L=1000 Kf; vm

YYY

t
-j

J ======~==~========

Plan

L.L=1 qoo
yyy

Kg 1I.m :1

yyy

Sec. Elev

YYY.

.-1

Z=O.2

/=1.0

K= 1.0

T = 0.09 H = 0.09x 39= 0.64 see

no

fB

c= 15rr = 15~
0.64 =

<

0.083

0.12

Assume S = 1.3

V=(ZIKCS) W
V (0.2x1x 1.0x 0.083 x 1.30) W
V 0.0216 W
V 2.16%

6f:

ts=

take ts =

16.67

18.0 em

~=(iJ.18+ 0jS)x2.5+0.15+0.15

Area =30x 30- 6.0x 6.0

= 864

~V

~ 0.80tlm
2

Floor(j)

W =864(0.80+ 1

1)

ton

Floor(lJ&Q)

W =864(0.80+ 0 S ) =

ton

W =864(0.80) =

Floor@-.
W

Total

ton

(1123.2x1 +1036.8x2 + 691.2 x9 ) = 9417.6 ton

V (2.16 %) W

0.0216

9417.6

203.42 ton

Flop = 0

WH.
I
I
~ Jv. H.

E=(V-F ).
l

tot

lop

f;;-j

i == 12

ff[ Hi

= 1123.2 (3.5) +1036.8(7.0+11)

+691.2 (15+18+21+24+27+30+33+36+39 )
= 190555.2

F.= (203.42)

W: /L.

Floor

190555.2

= (203.42)

W1

TV: H
1

190555.2

IL1

R1

2S/1ear

12

691.2

39

28.78

28.78

11

691.2

36

26.56

55.34

10

691.2

33

24.35

79.69

691.2

30

22.13

101.82

691.2

27

19.92

121. 74

691.2

24

17.71

139.45

691.2

21

15.49

154.94

691.2

18

13.28

168.22

691.2

15

11.07

179.29

1036.8

11

12.17

191.46

1036.8

7.0

7.74

1123.2

3.5

4.19

203.42

Shear distribution on the height of the building..

28. 78 r-------.
55.341-----1

\Frop+ 28.781

26.56
24.35

1 OJ. 82/-----1
121.741------1
139.45/------1
154.941-------1

22.13
19.92
17.71

179.291--------1

15.49
13.28
11.07

191.461--------1

12.17-

7.74

4.19

. --

199.2
--

203.42f---------I

..

203.421...--------'

Shear Diagram

Force Diagram

Shearing force at bese =1 203.42 t I

Moment at base ="2..RxH.
1
1

= 28. 78x39+26.56x36+24.35x33 +22.13><30

+ 19.92x27+17.71 ><24+15.49 x21 +13.28xI8
+ 11.07x15+12.17x11+7.74 x7 +4.19 x3.5
~

=15442.0

--

-,

m.t.

I
I

Cenier ofMass (c. M)& Center ofRigidity (C. R) .

~Iy'

jJ

Li u~' o~ wU u~1 u.u. u.u. ~f u,;9 yp L-.U.c

(Columns - Core - Shear Walls ) u~1 u..s ~f.)1 y,ol:uJ1

(Slabs - Beams)

~.!~9"i1 y,ou..cJ1 ~..rlo ~

Center 0.[ Mass (c. M)

j:iSJ I

\ ~~oc.'o'

ufo

~.)A

u.:iJl.9

:tJ:;SJ1 :;SjA

~ ~

yy

u.:.J I

L, 9\ 11 .J.1b

dJ:lSJ I jSy

Center ofRigidity (C. R)

(Inertia)

wl~~1 aJ.,a=--.. ~

;p

u.:i.J1

4 b9\JI ~ o~~1

:;Sy

(Columns - Core - Shear Walls) 4,~99~1 u~ ~..9LWI ,.I?W

.)~I J~

u..i.9 ~n uJ'i"l4lJl u j

WIJ"..) u- i u~1 o~ I, '.",.;; "i ~

..~
,.,\ ,.4...::;:.... I \ I ~
f -::

/f' . . . .

........

./;

"

",';

uSJ

-'

I).

,/,!',,4J...j

\ . ,;r

(C.R )Jt ulc(C.) JI ~lIJk-9

........

'-

'-

'-

/f

I
I

~I.JI

:u

~...L->.J u~l u~
<';

..h9J

d...illf

I
I
I

~J,tG-1 ~

(C.R)JI t.oA(C.M)JI cJ.,la\! -;5 w-;5l>J1 ~

UJ

(Shearwall)jl (Core) J..r:--j jJ ..b-J~I.Jj..l.J1 uJ o..lA.c:t1 J~i

.) j...tJ I ~ lUi ...l.c uJ I u J
~I,)l

:u

~~ u~1 u~ (C.R )JI u.k(C.M)JI J.,b\~ ~ Jj~ -

Jy>-

(Torsion)'.'.'''J.;'oj (C.R )J4.JA:: u..wT.).)y>--o

ul.)jJ loA 4..~99r

~ f) I .ro l:u:J I uk

----L---( ......

IC.A!I

I--- _

c;..R

v ... -

--- ........ ..,- ......

\
\
-----1

\
\

C.

......

.-'

\
\

---

...... ......

[;l~M
_ --- -V

.---

............

............

............ -I---

\
)

......

\ \..-

1.5 e

e*=
emIn
.
L :-

= 0.05 L
~~I 0~1 o~1 ul.c uJJAC-~ujj"i1 la9~,).o.J1 uj L.t..JJ ~

.r.Sf

II M T = Vx e*11
(MT ) The Torsion Moment
u~ uT (Shearwall)Jlj(Core)

JI uSLI ~~

..ll.c

~ clJ-iJ

~ ~ j9i (C.R ) Jlj (C.M) JI Lr.:-: (Eccentricity) J I

'2-Distribution of lateral force (V) in plan

o~1 o~ t,t.jy ~

.)j.J

I-

J5 u.k

oyjAJJ a.~99j'1 o~1 ~ .J~~..l.c..:

.) j.JJ J uJ ~ j ~ c..J"......., u.:i.J I y.o G.cJ I uk

a) Case of shear wall

(Shear Force)ut5 I-I~ (Lateral Force) Jl ~ r?l:J1 ~iiJl (t-.JY
a., .. ,'): (Shear wall) J I

r(Core) J I u.k ( Bending Moment) ~ f

(Inertia)JI

~""I/I ...

1) Symmetric shear walls

SliJ

SUi

. ~ c.~Ic}J
I

-I

.-~-

<-X2
Xl

'

-I

SW2

X--
Xl

(~) The Force Acting on The Shear Wall No i

)

Moment Of Inertia of The Shear Wall No i

C"2.I)Sulnmation ofMoment OfInertia ofAll Shear Walls

M= .1; xM
I

l=n

"2..1

i=1

(M) Bending -J.'11ament Acting At The 17[uor

(M) Bending Moment Acting on The Shear Wall No i

SWI

--

(V) The Force Acting At The Floor Level

(I i

fi=

~
~
I

Example
For the shown figure, If the thickness Of all shear walls = 25 cm '
Calculate the percentage of force (V )acting on ,?ach wall v
3
V
j
;;
--3
5-2
5Isw1 =0.25 x (3.5) = 0.8932 m4
sW
12

_0.25 x (2.5) - 03255 m4

sw2 - 12
-.

_4.0 x (0.25)
sw3 - 12

sW3

0.0052

m4

_
4

;=6

L 1= 2 (0.8932+0.3255+0.0052) = 2.4478 m
;=1

sW
1

2.4478

;=1

ls~ _ 0.3255
~l

-- =
2.4478

40

. - - - 15

sW
2

, -3.5-2.5.
10.0 lit
..
j

13.3%

;=1

Is~ _ 0.0052
- - = 0.20%
~I
2.4478
',_ ..
;=1

(Inertia)W

.. ' 1

-/-

V
'-------'"

~
r

S} v
2

sW
3

Isw1 = 0.8932 = 36.50 %

~I

I
/4(
II
,if

u)J cJjJ..9

(SJ1j)J~1 ~

o ~ )J I I~ lS~

:Lq.: c .,0

2) Un-Symmetric shear walls

(Torsion )1 .,! .. l.~ ~ (C.R )JI uk (C.M)JI 19.' k,\~ ~ Ul::.JI o~

c..Sj

a) Un-Symmetric shear walls in one direction

2

i=n

2 J.x. = kxxJ+hxX2
. +kxx:+Lxx:

i=1

I -- --

M::

SW2

S~'

sw

SW4

'

,..-

f---

1-

t---j\l'

_------',

1---_-:-1-,_3_ X

{'

((

LI--}+-,I_'_X--,i7t:--jX_2-.-,--._

V. = . Ii xV(Vx e*)l;ff;i/ f
l

l=n

~I

"--

1('

-1---'7----'_ _~_\---I
4

~
/V

7c -

l=n

~5Xi

To Get C.R.
=2l;xit/

X
C.R.
.

21
I

L e- 2 - XC.R.

OR
e= X

_ _L
C.R. 2

,1.5 e }
(J) e* ~. ...
L..e,+enlin
e1nin =-(). 05 L

f--

x 2-.--J

1------

x 3- - - - - - o ,
X4

.r.Sil

, b) Un-Symmetric shear walls in Both- direction

(ey)~(ex)~43~l <..>j (Eccentricity~y ,~JWI o~ <..>..9

J~' ~,
0..1.::>-

;:r

uk 0 ~ I

([y)&(lx)J;>..)o ~ (C.R ) Jl ..l~1

J5 :L IJ..l P J

(I) ~

ufo

XCR.

~.lJ

<..>.lJ I 0 ~ ~I

Lx
Sj

0.J.! C .,0

fi=:

c-

~xe;1

fT\

~-IT{x~c:e~ Ic~ ex
SW2 W.@W//@.'.3 L

r ~- -

X4

1.;
r-- - -

5JR.

l..u.c. ~ I
( sw3 ) &( sw)
2 .J

tiJt#iiJ:ttk

I'!

rSj

h \.:,

(f/\
";xJc... t;

:L IJ ..l ....u..c

~-----------Lx-------------

~------------+-------------~~x

(C.R)JI ~ ~ uJ(Shearwall)JI ut5 IJI (-)

(C.R)JI ~ ~ LSJ(Shearwall)JI ut5IJ1 (+)

Design of Shear wall

Shear walls solved as a cantilever totally fIXed in foundation and
subjected to

momeh,~

(M) due to lateral force and normal force

(N) due to O. Wand h'alls and floors.

.
r

///////////////

Elvation

SUJ

SJ~

SJ

SJiJ

F._~
1

Plan

liJv. =

F;-2

Shear Wall 2

Is~

i=n

~I

i=l

IT
1

'Jl1S-LF.1 H 1
N

load

: O. W of shear wall + The Normal Force Due to Seismic Loads

+ the part from the floor which it carryX number offloors

N u1t = {

0.8(1.4 Nn.L -:1.6 NL.L. +1.6~.J

0.8(1.5 N

+ 1.6 ~ )

n.L.+L.L.

0.8(1.4 M n .:-1.6 M
MUlt= {

0.8(1.5 M

L.L.+

1.6 M S.L )

+ 1.6 Ms)

n.L.+L.L.

Using interaction diagram

take

( 0.9

M&N&b&t
u
.u

As =A"
s

t--~------~.l

I
5 cp8 I nz

5'8 In!

Example@
The sho.wn figure of a store house which lies at Zone 3 . The building
consist of 15 repeated floors & Floor height = 3 m.
The building consist oj.flat slab with 20 cm thickness and shear walls
30 cm thickness. Live load = 400 Kg /m~
a) Calculate the story shear at each floor level.
b) Find the bending mom.ents and shearing forces acting at base level.
c) Design the cross-section at the base of the Shear wall on axis 2 and
draw its details of reinforcelnent .
Walls

= 150Kg/m2

cp

.
I

I
I
!
I
I

120

1
1
1

6.0,

i
I
I

r-

6.0

~6.0

F.C.

= 150Kg/m 2

!.

r
4.0 .

r
4.0

6.0

Plan

cr
I

6.0
.J
I
I
!
I
I

I
I
I
I
I
II

cp

qJ

"I'

I
I
I
I.

6.0--

"I'

6.0~

Z= 0.3

1= 1.0

K= 1.33

T = 0.09 H = 0.09x 45= 1.17 sec

{B

{I2

c= 15'ry - 15,r;-;
,1.17 = 0.062
,

.I.

<

0.12

Assume S = 1.3

(ZIKCS) W

V= (0.3x1x1.33x 0.62 x1.3)W

V=(0.32)W

V=(3.20%)W

~ = ts i'J c + F.e. + Walls

= (0.20 X2.5 + 0.15+ 0.15)
Area = 30x12 = 360 m 2

0.80 t/ln

= 0.80x 360 = 288 t

D.L/floor

L.L = 400 Kg /m
.'. W =

<

500 Kg /m

n;.L

= 288 x 15 = 4320

total

E=(V-F ),
tot

top

WH

f;;j

>

0.7sec

tOil

x4320= 138.24 ton

V= (3.20 %) W =0.320
I

W H.
I

t op

=0.07TV

F
= 0.07x1.17x138.24 = 11.32 ton
top
~ W. H. =288(3+6+9+12+15+18+21 24+27+30+33+36+39
1

+42 +45) = 103680

EW1~
i - (34.22 -11.32) 103680

F.= (138.24 -11.32)

Wi ~

103680

IFi
Floor

1LI

15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1

45
42
39
36
33
30
27
24
21
18
15
12
9
6
3

RI
15.865
14.807
13.75
12.692
11.634
10.577
9.519
8.461
7.403
6.346
5.288
4.23
3.173
2.115
1.06

= 0.3526

(126.92) (288 )~
103680

~I

LShear 11. 32+1Jf:865

27.185
41.992
55.742
68.434
80.068
90.645
100.164
108.625
116.028
122.374
127.662
131.892
135.065
137.18
138.24
Force Diagraln

27.185
141.99~

/55.742
/68.434
/80.068
/90.645
/ 100.164
/108.625
/116.028
/122.374
/127.662
/131.892
/135.065
137.18
138.24
1138.24

Shear Diagram

Shearing force at bese 1138.24 ~I

/

MOlnent at base = 2.. R

l

xH.l

= l1.32x45+1K.865x45+14.807x42 +13.75 x39

+12.692 x 36+11.634x33+ 10.577 x30 +9.519 x 27

+8.461 x 24+ 7.403x21 + 6.346~x18+S.288x 15
+4.23x12+ 3.173x9+2.115x6+1.06x 3
=14443.888 m.t.!

'L

SW2

0.3 x(6.0)

12

=.54 Itt4

.-

S11.3=

0.3 x(4.0)3

16

=.

12

nl

i=4

2. 1 = 2(5.4+ 1.6 ) = 14.0

i=1

"'

I
1
I
I

For Shear Walls on AxisQ)

Ms~=

r~

,~

I
I

"'2.1
i= 1

_ .

By Area Method get thlNormal force

~otal = [~x Area + o. w ]

I
I

xNo offloors

X
X
X
I~:~::+:;;4~5~::19.0) +(O.3 6.0 3.0 2.5)]X15!
I
I

Nult =0,,8(1.5 ND.L. +L.L.+ 1.6 N S.L. )

=0.8( 1.5 x1174.5 + 0)

______L____
I

I'
6.0'

= 1409.4 ton

(= 0.9

.=

i
6J 0 ----'

I
I

I
5

2194.05x10 =0.081
250x 30 x 600 2

Get? =2.0

(PX{u X10 )Xbxt

5

2.0X250 xlO- X30 x600 =90.fj em

5 8 {11l

5rJ/;1 0 ~m\

20rJ/;251~[::::{uumu]

).~-!~/ m'

-5

As=As"-=

:9.0
'

Mu _
If:u b t

I
I
I
I
I
I
I
J
I
:I ______ _____ ..JI

=0.8( 0 + 1.6 x1714.1 ) = 2194.05 ton

~l = 1409.4 x10 =0.313

------1f:u b t 250x 30 x 600

I ---I
I
I

Mu1t =O.8(1.5M
+1.6MsL )
D.L.+L.L.
..
3

1s~ xM. = 14
5.4
x4443.888 -,--1_7_14._._1_m_.t.--J.

i=4

I
I
I
I
I

$W4

2
1

20 rJ/; 25 1

20

rJ/; 25

T Y\\r ]::::]~I ~3

Example(])
The shown figure of a store house which lies at Zone 2 . The building
consist of 15 repealed floors & Floor height = 3.0 m.
The building consist ;)fflat slab with 20 cnl thickness and shear walls
30 cnl thickness. Live load = 400 Kg Im~ F. c. = 150 Kg 1m ::
a) Calculate the lateral force on each shear wall in the both directions.

0-!-4. 0-1-4.0--1
~4.0-1,--4.
.

rf---

--r - - ---r-

I
I
I
I

I
I

I
!
.I
I

I
I
I,
.I

,---------,-----------,----------

I,

I
!
!
!
.

I
I
I,
.I

,....---------~~~

I
I
I
I

L_

4.0

----------

-4.0

------- ---------:-1I
i

.-~-----

---1

4.0

~~~~!- ------j -~1

I
I

I
I

- - - - l

4.0

_ .l_.J
I

1=1.0

"

"

"

"

Z=0.2

:'\:0,$:
_____
MX"'_'W

K=1.33

T = 0.09H=0.09 x 45 = 1.013 Sec

{if

(i6

<

c= 15fT = 15~l.013 = 0.066

0.12

Assume S = 1.15

V (ZIKCS) W
V (0.2x1.0 x 1.33x 0.066 x 1.15) W
V 0.020

V 2.0 % W

gs =0.20 x 2.5 + 0.15

= 0.65t/m

Area =16 x16 = 256 m

0.65 x256 = 166.4 ton

D.L/floor

W = 166.4x15 = 2496 ton

V (2.0%) W

0.020 x2496 = 49.92 tOll

For all Shear Walls

= 0.30(4l

12

1.6 m 4

For theforce in Y direction Walls (J)&@&&@&(J)&@

X =2..Ixi Xi = 41xXl+lx2XX2 +Irl

2Ixi

C.R

xx3+I x4xX4 +4sxxs+Ix6 XX

41+Ix2 +Irl +44+Ls+L6

X = 1.6(0+4+8+12+12+16) = 8.67 lil

C.R
1.6x6

ex=xC.R -

L x = 8.67-8.0 = 0~67m
.
2
1.5xO.67

. .-{
ex-

= 1.0

III

o..!.o

0.67+0.05x16 = 1.47

Itt

,.JI'or the force in X direction Walls (J) &@& &@&@

Y _2..Iyi .vi _ /Y7X Y7+!Y8 XY8 +!Y9X Y9+/Y 10 XY10+!y11 X '1

C.R- :21.; -

fy7+fy8 + fy9 +YyJnt- fyll

.)

'y = 1.6 (0+~+4+8+16) = 6.40 "t

1.6xS

C.R

ey =Ly
_yC.R=8.0-6.40=1.60"1
2
*ey{

*
e =2.40 In

= 2.40 In

1.Sx1.60

1.60+0.0Sx16 = 2.40

III

l . . - -_ _ _- - '

JY~e:

jy

-... ...'r-- - - -

!ff\

--l--

--!---y

-'

o.

"

I i i '@i
!
!I
fs'
!
I
Ii\::'"
!

!:

. I

C--------I-~-------~-~------- .----- r--- ; ---

k:
x

4.67

+ + i

~ ~~----i

t=3.33~7.33

- + II-i

i 1;6

(})

-4R'nn ----h;-i --) 1fxe;

---------'
!

CD
- - - - -

...-- ~i ~ - - - +
i+
i+

rI :
\V

_l6~___ 1 _ _ _ _ _

ill-~---r_-----cE

...--

9 6f{0

I
I

i:

t+ :

--:I

fg\

\V

! (2)

i+ :

-----r-! /:4
j

/,

J-

1+
!-

U'l

---

L!'

'--+ ---

1+

!-

i\~ n

'~/.(IXi)= Ixlx Xl + I.x2X X 2

2

+ .....

+ Ix6x X:

(~,Xi ) = 1.6 (8.67 +4.67 + 0.67 + 3.33 + 3.33 + 7.33 ) == 277.33

(~lXi )=1.6 (6.40+ 2.40 + 2.40 + 1.60 + 9.60 ) == 235.52

i=n

;?; ({IXi + ~i .ij ) ::; 277.33 + 235.52 ==

512.85

For the force in Y direction

J.~ 6 x49.92 -t{ 49.92 xJ.47) 1.6 X 8.67

Vy1

6x .

f;2=

1.6 x 4.67
6 ~~.6 x 49.92-t{ 49.92XJ.47) 512.83

f;3= 6~~.6

512.85

::::.; 10.305 Ton

= 9.389 Ton

1.6 x 0.67
512.83

= 8.473Ton
= 7.557Ton

f;5= 6 ~~.6

1.6 x 3.33
512.83
1.6 x 3.33
x 49.92- (49.92 XJ.47) 512.83

f;6= ~~.c

x49.92-_(49.92 X1. 47 )

f;4

6 ~~.6

U A.I.. U

49.92-t{ 49.92xJ.47)
49. 92- (49.92 XJ.47)

1.6 x 7.33
512.83

= 7.557Ton

= 6.64 Ton

,~~~~4$::ift'W~:

-.~--~----

)For the force in X direction

6
1.16

~I 5 1.~
X

49.92- (49.92 x2.40)

~8= 5 X

49.92- (49.92 x2.40 ) 1.6x2.4

512.83

1.6 X 6.4
512.83

= 7.591

Ton

= 9.087 Ton

~9= 5 ~1.6 X 49.92- (49.92 x2.40)

= 9.087 Ton

~10= 5 ~1.6 X

= 10.582 Ton

1.6 X 2.4
512.83
1.6x1.6
49.92+{49.92 x2.40) 512.83

~11= 5 ~1.6 X 49.92+(49.92 x2.40)

1.6x 9.6
512.83

= 13.572 Ton

w~~

(Shera at Base) u~~ Jd;1~1 uk dw:.j~1 u;ill uJSJ1 t~l U~~ Jd;J~1 u-l.c ~j'1 c.S~1 fjjy ~ ~~I ~I ~ -

(1 Ton)..J. (V)

~.
. -,,': I L
.. ~~~.

;; ~
-c: 'I

I.-l

Coupled Shear Walls

~ t5-~ .J..::,..! ~

.J y>-

ul.c. (Shear wall) (yo

;Si ~.T?'" JUG..

~Stl c.;:J1 D~l uj (Connecting Beallls) wl~ J:.:.;-L (r-

d..

c..S.3

J.,d;~

.J~ ~luj(Shear wall)JI uk wlySJl.r.;::;l:3 hi ~

Connecting
Beam

Shear wa1l2

Shear walll

(lb) Monlellt Of Inertia Of Connecting Beam

(h) Floor Height

Connecting
Beam

Sh
ear W{l II 2

~
7--7--:;-----r--;--r'

(L) Distance Between e.G Of Walls

(~) Moment Of Inertia Of Shear wall I

Sec A-A

(12 ) 1110ment Of Inel1ia Of Shear wall2

(Aj ) Cross Section Area Of Shear wall1
(A ) Cross Section Area Of Shear wall2
2

:.uu

CG.,.

Sec B-B

,e.G.

cSJ.,..

LS JL.a:;:?/i
IJ.A.,
,.
. (Shearwall)JI y ... 'l;

.
<.S ~..lJ~

j7.
.J

Get (cxl!)
(H)

~:?/I Jj-.l.11 ~~ uJI wLL.::SI,-:-,~ J~ ~ 1::.w~1

(J)IF

(0< H)

tU:;.)l

<1
The Two Walls are COl1tpletely Separate and
each one acts as a Single separate Shear wall/,

(j)IF (exH15
The Two Walls are COl1tpletely COl1tposite and
the Two TValls acts as a Olle Shear wall /

'In This case The Walls has a Double action

Composite action alld Separate action
and called Coupled Shear Wall

How to get the axial force and bending moment due to

lateral loads on the Coupled shear wall

(J) Get (ex ) than get (0< H)

Using Charts Get (K4 ) According To()i)&~cxH)

I.q=a+~)
K4

-. \
<::)

-\-

co
.

\~

I\\\~

,~

--r

cr:

,.

I
II

\\\\~\ I

~-

'-0

-v

0
1..

::

I
I
I

ti
N

<::)

!:\
~

I
Ii

I
t

- I

1- 0

- I .r I

;
i

I
I
I

I
i

II

!
I

I
I

1- 3

I
I

\\~ ~
l\~ ~ ~=1-4
\"~""- ~
I
~~
I

1 -

-4

<::I

I-

I.

I
I

i
I

I
I

10

C.H

Fig 5._yariotion of Deflection (::C!ctcr K{.

I
I

11.

I
15

'(1) Get Percentage of distribution ofLateral load on each wall

1) Synllnetric shear lvalls

Ji';=

ie~q X V

---

"2Lq

- II -

---

;=]

'------ L --------'
t:jyJl ~ ~ o~

(J1)uflsu:;;"
./

(V

t )

o~1 .)I~

ua..r9 ~

u-c

~j

2) Un-Symmetric shear walls

="2feq X i
C.R. :21
eq
L -

2 - XC.R.

e*-{

leS e }

~:tl

~L/2~

'---------- L - - - - '

e+O.OSL

t:jyJl ~ ~~ o~ (J1)u~u:;;" (V 1 t ) ua..r9 ~

o~1 .)I~

u-c

(C.R)JI ~ ~ 0.-9 (Shearlvall)JI u\S \jl (-)

(C.R)JI ~ ~ 0.-9 (Shearlvall)JI u\S \jl

(+)

~J

@ Get Composite Stresses

~ =[lj +Ajx(xji]+[12+A2x(x2{]
.~ =

MtotalX
at Base

V;

L-

-I'

Xj

X 2 ---1

(M) Bending Moment acting on the coupled shear wall

Using Charts AccKording To (~) & (cxH)~_Get K j & K2
2
M c -Mx
100
0

( X) The distance from the top ofthe wall to F::itimJ

6UJ= M1cX(.z;,)
t

Me
I X(Zb)

fL
-bj

6cr M1cX(z;,) &/

t
/a
6(lJ Me
I X(Zd)
t

'/
~..

.J_

""2-

t~/f--~~= ~-2S

o
\0

....

I
I

o
<0
/

VI

;/ /

'VI V

7
I~ Y

--~7/

..

I:

/?,-!1
I
I
I
~
I
;
I

:
1

!I

I
8

I I
I I

10

<.0

,i

I
I

I,

:
I

I
I
I
I

- 12

c<.H

Fig3_Variat;on of wall bending stress FactorsK1 and '<2

l.-

QJ

>

QJ

-l~:
,
,

I
2

-c

-vo

II

-r- I--r--J

I I
~I
1 I I I
r
0-375
~ I I ! I I
! I
r---1---1-- "'-I-.
r-----+-I
0-5

~~
o

II / v /1

N
~

"~

N
I

C:-I

I
!

I
i

I
I

o
~

16

8
-o
~
>
u

(}) Get Individual Stresses

~=100 - K2

M=MTotal xV
o

at Base

M.=Mx KJ

100

Mi== M;1+ Mi2

M .X
M.=
11
1

II I

I1 +

M.

11 x( y)
6a2II
a
A.. =
-b2.

M.
II11 X ( Y,)
~--~----~---------------

@ Get Final Stresses

a1

Composite Stresses

+
Individual Stresses
6a

Final Stresses

, Get Axial Force &

Bending Moment
Due To Final Stresses

'-

Final Stresses = Average Stresses +Normal Stresses

~a

~c

Final
Stresses

6av2

~.

6aV2_M
I2

Average
Stresses

(y)

Normal Stresses = Final Stresses - Average Stresses

>...

6
Na

= Ua

av1

6 Na

6 Nb

1. -1. u. 1 -+---iJ."----<-I----.,---rr----rr--,

I "- I I

I~= +6 Na x(Az)1-

IA:;=- 6

Nc X(A2 )

~llt= o. 8( !.5(~tr ~)J~6N;,)

Get (N ) using area method
Load

(Ns ) Axial Force due to Seismic Load

(Ms) Bending Montent due to SeiSl1tic Load

6 Nc

N onnal
Stresses

6 Nd

Design of connecting beam

In Case of Un iforin Lateral Loads

IQ=(~Hi-)x~xhl

~D
J
.

Accordimg to (cxH) And 1-<-jj)

Get

K;

Jl1: Q xlL
2
To Get Max Shear Force.

e<r

(///

,1

_--.Jc.G.

c.

o
I-

lit Case of Equivalent Static Load

IQ = (-)E-fo-)x~xh I
Qmax= (LU)f:-b.)
h
r xK'x
3

_
"T.
H
I

~J-~r---~~-~~-~---If)

r--I-j-~H-~rt~--~J_~

",

VI

co
L

Shear

S./ress

as

0-6

07

08

Foetor K3

Fig f._Vanation of connecf ing bn.---n 5'~ J

<i ess {-ao or K
J
,

",,-,, I I

'Example (j)
The shownfigure of a residential building which lies at Aswan and
consist of 20 repeated floors. The Floor slab is 20 cm thickness.
Due to Earthquake loads it is required to :
1 ) Calculate the percentage of lateral load carried by. each wall.
2 ) Calculate the Equivalent static load.

3 ) Calculate the Axial force and Bending montent at the base of the

shear wall on axis 4 .

L.L-200Kg/m

F.C =150Kg/ln

Wall Thicness = 30.0

Floor High

4.0 m

All Beal1ts 30 x 70

Cln

(1)

(1)
I

--

,,

[
5.0

I
r-

r--

f%

I
I
I

I
I
'I

I
I
I

~
:!::

I-

~.:

~------_I~------_.--------~------~~----~~
I
I
I
I
I

5.0

------+l~ 5.0

---'--- 5. 0

-+I~

Plan

5.0

5. 0

. For Shear Walls onAxis@

3

I~0.3 >:,(6) = 5.40 m 4

12
For Shear Walls on Axis(J)
3

= 0.3 x ( 8) = 12.8

m4

./

_. 12
For Shear Walls on Axis CD &0 &

ill & @

A 1 = A 2 = 0.3 X 5.0 = 1.5 l1Z ~

3

11 =12=

Ib

0.3~J5)

4
,/

= 3.125111

'----8.0

= O.3x(0. 7) = 8. 575xl0- m 4 ~

12I~
hb

0<
0<

2
=

;>.::;

L2 +L+L]=12(8.575XI0 )[ (8 )2+.L+.L]
t~+I2 Ai A2
4X(3)3
6.2~ 1.5' 1.5

0.011

ex

H =0.105x(4X20) =8.4

r=

..f--.--)-

:r -. ---A'
25

12

C(;"KTI

c;/

.1

1 + [ AJ + A2 J
AJxA2

0.105
~

[1; +212 ] = 1 + [ 1. ~+1.~J E3.125+~.125J

L

1.:> xl.)

(8)

= 1.13

0<

H =8.4

Lq=(~+~)=
=-=K4

- - - - 1.......

K4 ' (0.17 J

3.125+3.125 = 36.765111 4

0.17

X =(Ie~xXl)+CfxJxX2)+ Clx J XX3) +(LfJ./XX 4 ) + (L CJ5x X) + (Ie q6XX6 )

,!l..R
CL1x)
36.765(0)+ 5.4(5)+12.8 (10)+36.765(15)+36.765(20)+36.765(25)

36.765 X 4+5.4 +12.8

Xc

X =14.29 nl
C.R
/

e- X

C.R

L -14.29 ---1.79
25
__
m
2 -=2 - .-= 1.5x1.79 =2.685m

{1.5 e

I e* =3.04 m I

e =

e+0.05L=1.79 +0.05X25 = 3.04 m

(])

CDI

I
I

I,
I

I
I
I

1
I
I

CGI

CR I

jl-------- -------- ------'----- i -------1179

, ,
.
"1 r
I,
I
I

I.

.i i

'

9.29~4.291~7C

5.71

,--I.---14.29

i -------- i

i !
i 1
i !

12.5

~
10.71------4

"2.. 1 x. = 36.765 (14.29 +0.71 + 5.71 + 10.71 )

l

2 2 '

+ 5.4 (9.29) +12.8( 4.29) = 13643.5

"2..1 =36.765 x4+5.4+12.8=165.26

For Shear Walls on Axis(J)

1<" = 36.765 x-I + (Ix 3 04 ) 36.765 X14.29 = 33.95 %

1

165.26

13643.5

--:-~-

For Shear Walls on AxisQ)

5.40 x9.29

13643.5

= 4.38%

For Shear Walls on Axis(J)

J:;- };"/26

x1+ (Ix 3.04 )

12.8 x4.29
_13643.5

-.:. 8.97 %

For Shear Walls on Axis@)

, V= 36.765 xl165.26

(IX304 )36.765 xO.71

.
13643.5

= 21.67%

For Shear Walls on Axis(l)

~= 36.765 xl- (Ix 3.04 )36.765 x5.71

165.26

13643.5

= 17.57%

For Shear Walls on Axis@

~= 36.765 xl- (lx304 )36.765 xl0.71

165.26

13643.5

2) The Equivalent static load.

Z=0.3

[=1.0

K=I.33

~ 0.09H _0.09x(4x20) - 1997 Sec

T -{B
(i3
-.

c= 15fT = 15{i997 = 0.047

<

0.12

Assume S = 1.3

V (ZIKCS) W
V (0.3xlxl.33x 0.047x 1.3) W
V 0.0244 W

V 2.44% W

~= 0.20x2.5+0.15= 0.65t/111

Area =25 x13 = 325 m

W
= 0.65x325 = 211.25 ton
D.L/floor

JJ!

Total .
DL

= 211.25 x20 = 4225 ton

V (2.44 %) W = 0.0244 x 4225 = 103.09 ton

= 13.46%

3) Axial force and Bending moment at the base of the .

shear wall on axis 4 .
T

> 0.7sec

F
=0.07TV
top

F oj? = 0.07 x1.997

X 103.09 = 14.41 ton
'.
t

WH.
top ~ W. H.

E=(V-F
tot

2 W1 H.1

).11

=211.25(4+8+12+16+20+24+28+32+36+40+44+48+52)
.

+56+60+64+68+72+76 +80)= 177450

x
F.= (103.09- 14.41) 211.25 H;
1
177450

(0.10557) H
1

R1

Floor

H1

F1

4.223

20

80

8.45

36

3.80

19

76

8.023

32

3.378

18

72

7.60

28

2.956

17

68

7.179

24

2.534

16

64

6.'757

20

2.111

15

60

6.334

16

1.689

14

56

5.912

Floor

H1

10

40

~-

12

1.267

13

52

5.49

8.0

0.854

12

48

5.067

4.0

0.422

11

44

4.645

'":,.

=:2 EI x H.I

Moment at base

= 14.41x80+8.45
+
+
+
+

x80+8.023 x76 +7.60 x72

7.179x68+6.757x64+6.334 x60 +5. 912x56

5.49 x52+5.067 x48+ 4.654 x44 +4. 223x40
3.80' x36+3.378 x32+2.956 x28 +2. 534x24
2.111x20+1.689x16+1.267x 12 +0. 845x8

. + 0.422x4 = 1600~852 m.t.1 /

Using Charts Get K1 & K2 According To( ~ ) & (ex H)
atbase

exH=8.40

=1

K 2 =79

M.

KJ=21

x'~

Total '-'"------At Base

6000.852x 21.67
100

1300.4

fll.t.

* Composite Stresses *"

Me = M. x fo~ = 1300.4 x 79 = 1027.3 m.t.
~

100

=[11 +A1X(X1l]+[12+A2X(X2f]

= 2 (3.125 +1. 5(4. of) =54."25

~---::---

?CF5+

___
c

6'~-1.~

123.09

6 _Mc,X(Z)= 1027.3 x6.5

f!!..-G

/f

= 123.09 tlm 2 /
6 McX(Z) = 1027.3><.1.5
C1..z=

Lt

= 28.4

54.25

tlm

28.4

54.25

2
.-/

) ,

(~

I,

123.09 )
-::2

<:::----'5 ~

...... <

::::;

Composite Stresses

""

Stresses -*

-~ Independent

M.=Mx K1
1

100

= 1300.4 x 1~~ =273.08m.t.

S:i~
4 109.2

M.=M.
+M.12
1
11
M. = M. x

109.2 I

109.2/
l'=>.

109.2

I1

+ 12 -=lll.12
=273.08 x 3.125 = 136.50 m.t.

II

II

6.25

6a2=

~i1X(Y,.l=
1

7+f Ffnal Stresses

136.5 x2. 5 =109.2 tint 2

3.125

;:;f-

123.09
28~4,-

Composite Stresses

28.4

109.2

Individual Stresses

109.2

109.2

123.09

~
109.2

232.29
80.8

. Final Stresses

80.8

232.29

'Axial Force & Bending Moment

Due To Final Stresses
231.Z9

6av -_6a+6b
2

80.8

Final
Stresses

232.29 +80.8
2

= 156.55 t/l1t

232.29
156.55

Averagf.
~2.5-~ Stresses

156.55

Normal Stresses = Final Stresses - Average Stresses

= 232.92 - 156.55 = 76.37t111Z

76.37

I I + I .1

6 1va X(A1 )

I ,,- I I

Normal
Stresses

76.37

= 76. 37x1.5 = 114.56 t

II lYse= 114.56 ton I

*'By Area Method get the Norlnal force ~

iV = [}~ x Area + o.wJ x No offloors
Load~_

..._~

[Fo:65)~(5.0X 6.5)+ (O.3 x 5.0 x 2.5 x 4)J x 20 = 722.5 t

\

N.,lt=0.8(J.5!foa/ J.~J

0.8 (I.5x 722.5+J.6x114.56) =I~4 t

~llt= 0.8(1.6 M~J= 0.8 (1. 6x195. 69) =250.48 m.t.

~.

Drift 0.[ Structures Due To Seismic Loads

1f+F7

16
FS

F4

1-!

13
12

t----.......,Q2

f-------l.;,.

r':""l

C""'1.

Q1

r-,

Shear Diagram Drift Diagram

(~i)

tQi)

Story Drift
Shear Force Acting on The Story

(Ks)

Stiffness Of The Story

Q.

ITotal Drift = ~D:.i = ~ It =

~Q

Ks

Ks = 2: ColuYln Stiffness Of The Story

=

=~

+~ External Column Stiffness

Internal Column Stiffness

K int +~ K ext

t: Internal Column Stiffness

w-

K int = 12~ Ie [ 1+ 1 2Ic

h(

fbI

]
fb2)

bIb2

(E) Models Of Elasticity

(Ie) Monlent OfInertia Of The Column
(h) Floor Height
(Ib ) Moment OfInertia Of The Beanl
(b ) Length Of The Beam

1
j

Lb

Ib_

1 _ - t -_ _ 2 - - - i
t--_:o.-

* External Column Stiffness

K _ 12E1
e[
h
ext -

1+ 2Ie
h(JJu. )

hI

Note
If (I

{ )

The Column Considered as a Fixed Column and K

= 12~ Ie
. h

Calculation ofDrift Due To Uniform Lateral Loads

w t\m'

2
WH
M=~=
at Base

}vH
.l'<X)= G
A

[H-WJ

GA=hx~

( Y(X Drift ofStory at height (x)

(H) Total height of the structure
eX) Height from the base to the floor level
(W) Intensity of lateral load
(Ks) Stiffness Of The Story
(h) Floor Height

Drift Diagram

Example@
The shown figure of a store house which lies at Sinai. The building
consist of a ground, mezzanine and 8 repeated floors and tow baselnents.
Live load and floor heights are shown in elevation
Due to Earthquake loads it is required to :
. a) Calculate the story shear at each floor level and draw its distribution
on the height of the building.
b) Calculate the lateral drift .
All BeanlS are (30 x 60)

__

.,,_J.~

All Column are(30 x 70)

LL =400 Kglm

LL=400 Kglm

LL=400 Kglm

lY

<:; .

.vi!: .,--

.-.' - - 5 x 6 m -3 On1'-t-----".
" , . .',-.-,--- , , , , - - - - r c r - "'-.'
"---""----,,,:r----rn

f~'-ffi-

-.-

. -

- .-*

f---

:-.-..

- - 1 ' + - --l?l--' -

-,

- .:.

~.----."

lr P1an

(;..t.

,~,

.y

LL=400 Kglm

;;

LL=400 Kg/m

;;

r-"'.

:9)
-'

LL=400 Kg/m

LL=800 Kg/m

I- \j

::x t

L.L =800 Kg/m

W W '>/'

LL=1000 Kg/m
WWW

':::::'-

-.~~

'6)
".::;::...
"'C--

2/

(3)
\ .

~,

LL=1000 Kg/m

~--

r-,

,~\

0;
~7_

;;

LL=400 Kg/m

,~

-<~>-

;;

LL=400 Kg/m

'~

r--

!)
~

;;

(~

'S>

'Po/ >/

Sec. Elev

W W';y

iW W '>Y

/=1.0

Z=O.3

K= 0.67

T = 0.1 N = 0.10x 12= 1.2 Sec

1

c= 15.ry= 15m
,1.2 = 0.061
Assume S = 1.3
,

.L

<

0.12

V=(ZIKCS) W
V (0.3 x1x 0.67x 0.61 x1.30) w
V 0.016 W
V 1.60% W

.
g =tsoc +F.C.= O.16x 2;,5+0.25
s
-.
Area =30x 24 = 720

0.65t/m

n/

Floor(j)

W =!JO(0.65 +1f) = 828 ton

Floor(j)&@

W =720(0.65+ 0 8 ) = 756 ton

Floor(])-.@
W

Total

W =720(0.65) = 468 ton

(828x1 + 756x2 + 468x9 ) = 6552

ton

V (1.60 %) W

0.016 x 6552

= 104.832 ton

T> 0.7 sec

F

top

F op =0.07TV
.
t

0.07 x 1.20x104.832
.

F = (V - F
1
i=12

;?;

Jf Hi

tot

top

8.806 ton

WH
i-n 1

Jf Hi
.

828(3.5) +756(7.0+11)

+468 (15+ 18+21+24+27+30+33+36+39 )

= 130230

"

Wi~

F.= (104.832 - 8.806)

130230

W1

Floor

= (96.026)

Jfi H;

130230

H.1

F.1

2. Shear

12

468

39

13.458

22.264

11

468

36

12.423

34.687

10

468

33

11.388

46.075

468

30

10.352

56.427

468

27

9.317

65.744

468

24

8.282

74.026

468

21

7.247

81.273

468

18

6.211

87.484

468

15

5.176

92.66

756

11

6.132

98.792

756

7.0

3.902

102.694

828

3.5

2.137

104.832

.
t 366 . .q;&
\.

. ,

\-

= 12x2.21x10xO.0086 [
1
] =2018.34
G.0)3
1+ 2xO.0086
3 x (0. 0054 +0.0054)
6.0
6.0

C[ 1+ 12Ie

12E1
_
th3

15x

h(~)
hI

= 12x2.21x10 XO.0086.[
1
]
G 0)3
1+ 2xO.0086
.
3 x( 0.0054)
/~--"",
6.0
12Kext
s,-;'2K.In t+~ K ext = 18K.In t+

=1i46.1

t\,n

/ = 18x2018.34 +12x1146.1 = 50083.32

t\m

~_ '2.Qi

- Ks /
e,/-

'2.Qi = (22.264+34.687+46.075+ 56.427+65.744+ 74.026+

81.273+87.484+92.66+98.792+ 102.694+ 104.8.32)
~866.958t

~= 866.958 = 0.01731 m
50083.32

= 1.731 em

t\m

:-

"

,Example (j)
The shown figure of a building lies at Zone 2 . The building consist of
8- repeatedfloors. The Floor slab is 20 cm thickness.
Due to Earthquake loads it is required to :
a) Calculate the lateral force acting on each Frame.
b ) Calculate the totaliateral drift of the Frames.
L.L 600Kg/m

F.C =150Kg/m

All Beams are (25 x 60)

All Column are(50 x 50)

1
7.0 \

7.0

j
r- 5.0-+--

K\

1<-- l

/<'--(

Floor High

4.0 m

..

,~

w t 1;,:>- Jlc
- ~WI CJ'iWI uj t:~"l\~1 ~I?i ~ j,olj9 ~ ~- \
J3~ ~ ul9 'i1 h9.d~1 Uj t:,.o.J1 ~ U~ ~~-

D
D D

t":l\.,JI ~I? 'i ~hJl ~ ( 9t;~ ~~- ~

fol ~ r.S1.)I~ <.5~1 ~u.U:;JI ( 91";~ ~~- ~

~~~

0,;9

>/~'P

~ ~l:J1 ~'il ~Ij 'il .)l~ ..9 1

t lJ3.)1

JSJ

~ 1 JI~ J.,oWI

rw l,Jo~

UoJ-C --l.:.J::..9

.(/ >/

J.,oWI ~j

~~diJi

J 1))1

<.5..9 .J~:tl 0..9 ~j>i

<.5J,j il a 9ta",.J1 <.5..9 ?

'A,..

~ liJ I

a 9 ta.,.J I <.5..9

f.A

'0,""

G liJ I

a 9 ta") 11 0..9

" , ..

j..ll.

,j

J.J ijJl Jbi J~I ~ - I

~ ~U:;JI

J.li::

<.5.:i.J1 w~1

o..JUI..b
. ~"II w, q .
"" . ,j~...,-Y

<.5~
J~ ~ ~,j (Frame)~

OJ4-c- u?

~I 4...uL,:
II wl:u.J1 ~
..
~
.. ,j

u~

UI

~j

.3

L\", ,,! 1--- I

0~~il jlla:Jl- L:-'

.'1.0';)

~).

~.'1

0~

~Io ~ Jj:; i ~I tl~ wlyS,j ~JWI .wl~I--?1,0

~ ~y :t <.5..i.9i ~ <.5~JI 0Jl <.5~1 tU:;.J1 ~-J

~ il <.5.,.iJ1 ~,jUi..J (Rigid Frames) JI il~1 dJG-. 0..9- E

(RigidJoints)w~~1 u~

,------ ,---

ul

If

I
I
I
~

I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I

------

(Core) JI

----

ui ~ (Frantes) tA(Shear wall),ji (Core)J?.3

(Inertia)JI~\~.:Jct)Y.,j ~lSJ'-7<.5..i.9il ~I

~1

=:=.
I

jjl9.:.i

Ii xV(VxeDeSign
" ) ~ ~i

= n

~I

=n

~~Xi

a.JG-. 0..9-

(Shear wall) JI,ji

V (ZIKCS) W

z
ZoneiJ : -

Z = 0.2
/=1.0
K= 0.67

T = 0.1 N =0.1 x8

0.8

c= 15fT = 15 10. 8

Sec

= 0.075

<

0.12

Assume S = 1.3

V (0.2x1x 0.67 x 0.075 x 1.3) W

V 0.013

V 1.30% W

~ = 0.20 x2.5 + 0.15 = 0:...65 t / m

Area =20 x14 = 280 m

0
Wjloor =(0.65+ 01 ) x280 = ~ tOll
WTotal

266 x 8

2128

tOll

V (1.30 %) W
~,

V
T

0.013 x 2128 = 27.66

~7

tOll

Ftop

> 0.7 sec

Flop

= 0.07 x 0.80x27.66

1.55 ton,

WH

R=(V -F ), 1 1
tot top ~ W H.
1
f;;-J

i=8

1f Hi

iI

i'

266 (3+6 +9 +12+15+18+21+24)= 28728

F.= (27.66-1.55 )
1

F.= 0.24176 lIt

1

0.07 TV

W:H:
1
1
28728

(26.11)

W; H;

28728

<$,

Floor

F1

HI

"2.. Shear

24

5.80

7.35

21

5.077

12.427

18

4.351

16.778

15

3.626

20.404

12

2.90

23.304

2.175

25.479

1.45

26.929

0.725

27.66
lGo 'J 3':'

E =14 r~u =14x~250 = 221.26 t\cm 2= 2.21x 10 6 t~m2

fc=

0.~~x(0.5)3
3

fbI = fb2=

0.00521 1114 v
.

0.~~x(0.6) = 0.0045

1114 v

Fra111es 0&0&0

b I =4.5nl . b 2 =5.0m

h=3.0m

c[

12E1
K.mth3
=

1+ 1 2L

h(
6

fbI

b1

.]
fb2)

b2

= 12x2.21xlOxO.00521 [
1
] = 1809.49 t\m
<3.0)3
1+ 2xO.00521
--3 x (0. 0045 +0.0045)
4.5
5.0

Kext =

12E
h3

IC[ 1+ 2Ie
1

h (IIJI )
hI

_12x2.21x10~0.00521 [
-

(J)3

1
]
1+ 2xO.00521

.0

3x( 0.oq45)
4.'

KFrame =~ K.mt +2 K ext =2_ K.tnt +2_ K ext

= 2 x1809.49 +2x1143.97= 5906.92

=1143.97

t\m

) ~'-: tf~~/-(,

t\m

Frames Q)&Q)
11

= 3. 0 m

K int =

bI

12EIc[
h3

1+

h(

fbI

12X2.21X10~0.00521[
3

G.O)

Kext =

7.0 m

b2

7.0

I1t

2Ie
Ib2)

hi
=

h2

1.
] =1382.52
1+ 2xO.00521
(0.0045 0.0045)
3x 7.0 + 7.0

12EIc[
1
]
h3
1+ 2Ie
h (lhI )
hI

_ 12X2.21XI0~0.00521[
-

8.0)3

1+

2(~:~~~;;

3x

7.0

KFrame =~K.mt +2 K ext = 1 K.m t +2 K ext

= 1 x1382.52 +2x799.2 = 2980.92

t\m

="799.2 tIm

t\m

"'"

..

.-

x = (KFIXXl)+(~2XX2)+(Kp3XX3)+(Kp4X ~)+(~5XX5)
C2 Ks )

- r;.R
-

5906.92(0)+2980.92 (5)+5906.92(9)+ 5906.92(15)+ 2980. 92 (20)

23682.6

X =9.13
C.R

L -X

e= -

20
-2 -9.13 =0.87 m

C.R

= 1.5x 0.87 = 1.3051n

1.5 e

I e*=1.87 m I

e* =

e+0.05L=0.87 +O.05X20=1.87 m
--

% of each Frame = if!Fxl (1 x e*),~FXi

-

cp

r----5.O

I
I

cp
:
I
I

~KF

~KFX;

cp
cp
cp
4. 0'----j;----6. 0--.--5.
(}--j

id

I. ~ kfl 7 )
- i
.
~--------- !--------<;y I cf.G -----i------~
I i :f
j
j

i:

I
I

J
J

i.

!I
:

O13H
_ _ _ Y.lr-- 4.13

,.......

i.

5.87-..........J

3- - - - - + - .- - - 10.87 - - - - '
I
I
I

i=n

~~Xi= 5906.92(9.13) +2980.92 (4.13)

-2

+ 5906.92(0.13)

+5906.92(5.81/+ 2980.92 (10. 87l= 1099078.04

%=
01

5906.92 x1 _(lx187) 5906.92x9.13 =15.77%'

23682.6
.
1099078.04

% = 2980.92 x1 _(lx187)

2980.92x4.13 =10.48%
1099078.04

% = 5906.92 xl- (1 xl 87)

5906.92x 0.13
1099078.04

02

03

% =
04

23682.6
23682.6

5906.92 xl + (1 x1.87) 5906.92x 5.87 = 30.84 %

23682.6
1099078.04

% = 2980.92 xl + (1 xl.87)
Os

= 24.81

23682.6

2980.92x 10.81- 18.1

1099078.04

Lateral Force acting on each Frame

VI =27.66 x 15.77% =4.362 t
V 2 =27.66 x 10.48% ' 2.899 t

V3 =27.66 x24.8J % =6.86 t

V 4 =27.66 x30.84 % =8.53 t
Vs =27.66 X18.10 % =5.01 t
2.Qi= (7.35+ 12.427+16.778+20.404+23.304+ 25.479 +26.929 +27.66)
= 160.33 t

~tOry K F1+KF2+ KF3+KF4+ K F5

, = 5906.92+2980.92 +5906.92 +5906.92 +2980.92=23682.6

Total Drift = b:. = 2.Q = 160.33 = 0.00677 nl = 6.77 mnl

Ks
23682.6
.