Carbonate Acidizing

Lab in carbonate rocks

Copyright 2007, NExT, All rights reserved

 Linear Coreflood Apparatus
Inlet Pressure
Gauge
Differential
FDS-210 Pressure
Pump Gauge

Back Pressure
Regulator

Acid

Hassler Cell

Water Inlet

Data Acquisition
Overburden Pressure

2
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 Typical Permeability Response

100
Intermediate High Injection
Injection Rate Rate

10
k/ko

Low Injection Rate

1
Pore Volumes to
Breakthrough

0 2 4 6 8
Pore Volumes Injected

Darcy's Law: k = Q µ L / ∆P / Ac k/ko = ∆Po/ ∆P

3
Copyright 2007, NExT, All rights reserved
 Multi-Core Apparatus

4
Copyright 2007, NExT, All rights reserved
 Lab equipment fo core drainage

5
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 Experimental Set-Up: Diversion efficiency

6
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 Acid Response Curve

• Edwards limestone cores 450

400
(1” dia, 3” length) 2-4 md 350

Pressure (psi)
• Confining pressure: 3000 300
Sleeve Ruptured
250
psi 200

150
• Back pressure: 500 psi 100
Core Wormholed

SXE 28%HCl
o
• Temperature: 275 F 50

• Acid Injection rate: 10 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20

Volume Injected (ml)

ml/min
• 1 gal/ft per minute based
on 8” wellbore
7
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 Core Flow Experiments
Flow of 28% HCl through Indiana Limestone at 135 o F
160

140
Pressure Drop (psi)

120
3% NH4Cl
100
28% HCl
80

60

40
3% NH4Cl+EGMBE
20
3% NH4Cl
0
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20

Time (min)

8
Copyright 2007, NExT, All rights reserved
 Core Flow Experiments
Flow of SDA through Indiana Limestone at 135F
1400

1200
Pressure Drop (psi)

1000

800
SDA
600
3% NH4Cl
400

200
3% NH4Cl
0
0 5 10 15 20 25 30

Time (min)

9
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 Wormhole Development
15% Straight HCl
Initial Perm Wormhole L
66.5 10 cm
34.5 1 cm
32.0 1 cm
300

250
Pressure Drop (psi)

200

150

100

50

0
0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40
Pore Volume

10
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 Wormhole Development
SDA (D)
Initial Perm Wormhole L
35.0 6 cm
48.7 10 cm
32.1 6 cm
300

250
Pressure Drop (psi)

200

150

100

50

0
0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50
Pore Volume

11
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 Coreface after VES-SDA

VES-SDA at 150oF

12
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 Effect on Core After Exposure to Acid
Injection End Production End

Emulsion
treated core

No acid reached
28 wt% HCl
the end of the
treated core core sample

13
Copyright 2007, NExT, All rights reserved
 Neutron Radiography

• Wood's metal casting technique

(Hoefner and Fogler, 1988)
• Neutron radiography (Jasti and Fogler, 1992)
Thermal Wood's
neutrons metal-filled Cassette
core

GdO 2 S screen
Photographic film

14
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