Scribd
Upload
104 views

Design of Load Bearing Structures

1. Shell structures are thin-walled curved surface structures that can be made from materials like concrete, steel, aluminum, plastic or timber. 2. Shell structures derive their strength primarily from membrane forces that balance loads through forces like normal compression, rather than through bending forces. This makes them an efficient structural form. 3. However, bending and twisting moments can also develop in shell structures due to factors like incompatible membrane deformations at edges or points where the curvature does not match the required force distribution. When both membrane forces and bending play a role, the shell is called a flexural shell rather than a pure membrane shell.

Uploaded by

Karthikeya Sarma
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
104 views

Design of Load Bearing Structures

1. Shell structures are thin-walled curved surface structures that can be made from materials like concrete, steel, aluminum, plastic or timber. 2. Shell structures derive their strength primarily from membrane forces that balance loads through forces like normal compression, rather than through bending forces. This makes them an efficient structural form. 3. However, bending and twisting moments can also develop in shell structures due to factors like incompatible membrane deformations at edges or points where the curvature does not match the required force distribution. When both membrane forces and bending play a role, the shell is called a flexural shell rather than a pure membrane shell.

Uploaded by

Karthikeya Sarma
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 12

1

Design of load bearing structures


11
th
; 13
th
lectures
Shell structures
Shell structures
Shells: curved, thin-walled surface structures.
Material: concrete, RC, steel, aluminum,
plastic, timber, (masonry).
Isler, Svjc
Prizs, C.N.I.T.
2
Shell structures
The characteristics of shell like structures:
The curved surface has larger load-bearing capacity
due to its geometry.
shell = active form / geometry from the point of
view of load transfer / resistance
Shell structures
The characteristics of shell like structures:
Balancing of the load primarily by membrane forces:
Normal forces:
arch action
Shear forces:
load-bearing capacity due
to twisting of the surface
economical
It is depended on: form of the shell, the load, the supports of the shell.
3
Shell structures
The characteristics of shell like structures:
Balancing of the load by bending- and twisting moments:
Membrane shell: balancing the load only by membrane forces.
Flexural shell: balancing the load by membrane forces,
bending- and twisting moments.
not economical
It is depended on: form of the shell, the load, the supports of the shell.
Shell structures
The characteristics of shell like structures:
The reasons for bending- and twisting moments:
1. The compatibility of membrane deformation:
The joint of the vault and the ring.
In the vicinity of the edge of the shell bending moments are
developed but they are not balancing the load.
Should be connected.
extension
shortening
4
Shell structures
The characteristics of shell like structures:
The reasons for bending- and twisting moments:
2. The load can not be balanced only by membrane forces:
Long cylindrical shell with vertical edge beam.
Bending moment is developed in the shell in the arch
direction, that is necessary to balance the loads.
Tangential support is needed to the
membrane state.
Shell structures
The characteristics of shell like structures:
The reasons for bending- and twisting moments:
3. The reason is in the membrane behavior:
A) The deformation due to
membrane forces cases bending
moments which can not be
neglected.
Circular cylindrical shell fixed at the
bottom and subjected to wind load.
5
Shell structures
The characteristics of shell like structures:
The reasons for bending- and twisting moments:
3. The reason is in the membrane behavior:
B) The membrane solution result infinite membrane forces.
Point forces are on the
shell.
The surface has no such a
curvature which is needed to the
load balancing membrane forces.
The shell has plain-points.
Shell structures
The form of the shell:
elliptic parabolic
hiperbolic
6
Shell structures
The form of the shell:
Stress distribution of the shell due to point forces:
elliptic parabolic hyperbolic
(in-extensional deformation)
Shell structures
The form of the shell, the support and the load defines the
load-balancing mode:
The load, the support and the load balancing mode defines the form of the shell:
m
e
m
b
r
a
n
e

s
t
a
t
e

f
o
r

d
e
a
d

l
o
a
d
7
Shell structures
The form of the shell, the support and the load defines the
load-balancing mode:
The load, the support and the load balancing mode defines the form of the shell:
m
e
m
b
r
a
n
e

s
t
a
t
e

f
o
r

d
e
a
d

l
o
a
d
Shell structures
The membrane state can not be developed:
8
Shell structures
The membrane equilibrium equations in orthogonal
coordinate system:
( ) y x z z , =
The projected membrane forces:
2
2
1
1
x
y
x x
z
z
N n
+
+
=
2
2
1
1
y
x
y y
z
z
N n
+
+
=
xy xy
N n =
x
z
z
x

=
y
z
z
y

=
Shell structures
The membrane equilibrium equations in orthogonal
coordinate system:
( ) y x z z , =
The force equilibrium equations:
0

=

y
n
x
n
xy
x
0

=

y
n
x
n
y xy
Z
y
z
n
y x
z
n
x
z
n
y xy x
=

+


+

2
2 2
2
2

2

9
Shell structures
The membrane equilibrium equations in orthogonal
coordinate system:
( ) y x z z , =
The Pucher stress function, F(x, y):
2
2


y
F
n
x

=
2
2


x
F
n
y

=
y

2

=
x
F
n
xy
Z
y
z
x
F
y x
z
y x
F
x
z
y
F
=

2
2
2
2 2 2
2
2
2
2

2

Shell structures
The equilibrium equations of shells of revolution:
( ) 0 cos
1 1 1
= +

rr p r N r
N
r N



( ) 0 cos
1 1 1
= + +

rr p r N r
N
r N



0
2 1
= + +
n
p
r
N
r
N

10
Shell structures
The equilibrium equations of symmetrically loaded shells of
revolution :

sin 2
0
Q Q
N

=
0
2 1
= + +
n
p
r
N
r
N

Shell structures
Spherical shell loaded by its weight:

cos 1
1
0
+
= a p N

+
=

cos 1
1
cos
0
a p N
compression
tension
11
Ferry Bridge, UK
Shell structures
Buckling of shells:
Shell structures
Buckling of shells:
12
Shell structures
Buckling of shells:

You might also like