Page 1

Vocabulary development
Classified Vocabulary
PEOPLE AND PROFESSIONS
1. actor O+C+
2. advocate O*^+EO"
3. architect
4C]O OO =O+6+ -
^++EOC+
4. artist OO=+C+
5. air pilot ]EO -1OOC+
6. artiste ]OC OO=+C+
7. artisan ]OC =OEOC+
8. author -^++[^
9. accountant
EO6+ EO+w- +]E
gj
10. auctioneer E6 E^++EOC+
11. agent +
12. ambassador O =+CO"
13. architect EO-+ )
14. astrologer `g*C*C+
15. bandit O"pE+
16. barber ]+w EOC+
17. bankrupt "EOE
18. bangle maker
=6+ -^++EOC+
19. bangle seller =6+ ]++EOC+
20. baker
6+ ]++EOC+
21. blacksmith O]++
22. boatman =C] OOw=EOC+
23. bookbinder
=-=6+ 4^C+ E
Nw-EOC+
24. bricklayer [O= =OEOC+
25. butcher Ogj++EOC+
26. broker 1O+
27. beggar _OO=C+
28. carder 1+OO6 EOC+
29. carpenter ]C+_
30. coxcomb
=C]+ OOw=EOC+
31. comedian V-*=+C+
32. cobbler
-N==6+ OO+EOC+
33. clerk +]Egj
34. compounder
O4 -V^+OOC+
35. convict ^"
36. chauffeur
=+ OC+=EOC+
37. debtor
== =-^+@OO+EOC+
38. dyer
+6+ NOEOC+
39. eunuch V4^+
40. florist =6+ ]++EOC+
41. green vendor OO ]++EOC+
42. green grocer
OO=^+6+ ]++EO
C+
43. grocer
] -+OO6+ ]++E
OC+
44. glazier
EN+++6+ c=EO
C+
45. goldsmith -^O=+C+
46. groom
+O+6+ =w-EOC+
47. hawker
=/+6+ C+_ ]++EOC
+
48. hermit =[^EO-
49. inspector [^O7 O+C+
50. interviewer
C+* -w-EOC+
51. interviewee
C+* -^+OEOC
+
52. juggler =O EOC+
53. jury
O*^+ -6VO+C+
54. landlord
4CEgj^+ C6+O +E
]+O
55. launderer -OO
56. lawyer O*^+EO"
57. mason [O= =OEOC+
58. matron
OO+O6OO ]-C +
OV6Eg





Page 2
4U+6+ -^Ew-
-/+
59. novice
=O N+@O+OG EO
C+
60. peasant ^[^+
61. poetess O]++C+
62. pawnbroker OO1] c=+UO
C__-^+@EOC+
W]EO^O
63. potter O]++
64. peon OO+[^+
65. plumber
c=^=6+ +w=+ -^+
+EOC+
66. prostitute ]^_-O+7
67. quack EN^1+*C+
68. retailer 6O EO*pj+
69. scavenger gj7EOC+
70. surveyor
4CE+ U =6+
-^++EOC+
71. sailor OOOC+
72. vendor EO^pj+
73. warder `^6+ ==+
74. warrior N+1+C+
75. weaver [^=OEOC+
76. witch ]+[^+[N

RELATIONSHIPS
1. aunt
[^]+- c=1O]+
2. adoption 1[^[^
3. adopted son 1[^ =[^++C+
4. adopted daughter 1[^ =C+O
5. affection O+O]++
6. alliance
-O1]++- O1+[^
^]++
7. ancestors =+^OO6+
8. baby +^e]- _CO
9. brother gE1+C+
10. bachelor O+V-O+
11. boy 46+C+
12. bride
c=wOO[^++- ]1+]

13. bridegroom
c=w OO]E+C+- ]
+C+
14. bestmaid
[UC+ c=w OO[^++
15. bosom friend =+[^++C+
16. boyhood 46*]++
17. brother-in-law 4]- 4]]++"
18. child =- _CO
19. childhood =- [^O]++
20. client -VO*++
21. daughter-in-law UC6+
22. disciple +^e*C+
23. descendants ]+^]++6+
24. dynasty ]+^]++
25. elder c=1O
26. elder sister c=1OO^+*
27. elder brother c=1OOG^+*
28. father [^O+- OOG
29. father-in-law ]E]+
30. forefathers [O[^ ]++[O[^6+
31. fianc(male) O[^ ]+C+
32. fiance(female)
33. foster son
c==C+ UC+OO
34. foster mother O" c=O [^O
35. guest C"
36. host
C1*+-^+@EOC+
37. heir EO-+C+
38. infant +^e]
39. kinsfolk
O^++1+6+- EO^++]
6+
40. kinship 41]*]++
41. lad
4_++- OOO+C+-p'
C+
42. lass
]E^++- =C+-^+-
p'+
43. maternal aunt E+O[^- [^O
44. maternal uncle E+O]E]+
45. matrimony
EOV]++- c=OO
46. maid
EOV]++ =O -/+-
OO*
47. master ^+]EO
48. mistress
^+]EO+O6+- =
C+[N
49. nephew E+O6+OC+
50. niece E+-UC6+
51. neighbor
C++ p'++ EO+
52. peer -V1+*6+
53. prostitute E+^*- ]*_-O+7





Page 3
54. relative O1+]
55. slave 4O-
56. spinster OO*
57. stepson -]C UC+OO
58. tenants NOOOOGEOC+
59. virgin OO*
60. wedlock EOV]++
61. widower
4*O+ UEg)++OEO+
62. widow
[^[^+]- 1]O6
+
DRESSES AND ORNAMENTS
1. anklet
= OO^+- =7
2. apparel ]-+]++
3. attire 1+-+6+
4. bracelet OO]++
5. braids C+ C6+
6. blanket 1+=)7
7. brooch =+ =O+G
8. cuff Oe++ -C =7
9. garland =61C
10. head scarf [^6OO +CO
11. mattress =+=
12. trousers p'C++ E+
13. pendant V= _O^
14. petticoat
=+77- 6=- 4O6
+=
15. plait C pj^+
16. pearls ]++[O*6+
17. quilt =+=
18. rose water =-G+
19. ruby =
20. scarf
[^6OO O +CO
21. sleeve
-U=- O- -N++*
22. toe-rings ]+6+
23. turban [^6pj
24. wreath =6V
PHOBIAS
1. acrophobia
O[^+ =++6^ 4C
^+
2. photophobia
EN6+^ 4C^+
3. agoraphobia
= --E6^ 4C^+

4. hemophobia
O]++ ^ 4C^+

5. hydrophobia OO^^ 4C^+
6. gynophobia
CEOO^^ 4C^+
7. bibliophobia
=-=6^ 4C^+
8. pyrophobia O=)^ 4C^+
9. Xenophobia.
U[^EOO^^ 4C^+


EDUCATION
1. annotation EO**O]++
2. anthology
-^O6 -O6O]++
3. author +1O
4. boycott OV+-^+
5. cane 4[^]++
6. crayon
-+1O O6+]++
7. dunce
EN+1+O O*+;
8. epitome gj]++
9. gist gj+^]++
10. interpretation ;]++ -N==
11. irony ]**
12. impart 4O"-^+
13. laggard
ENO+O OOO EOC+
14. leisure
C+OO- O]+- -]
+^+
15. mockery =+V
16. matron
V-E* pj6OOO6+
17. precision -7O=[^
18. preface p'Oq[^]++
19. prcis
-7O= E^O
20. proficiency O+4C]]++
21. pupils O*+;6+
22. recite ]O-^+
23. translation O+EO1]++
24. truant
OO7 -O+]+= OO
O*+;





Page 4
25. versatile
OV]++ =+
C
6
26. verse =1*- O[^
AGRICULTURE
1. agriculturist
]*]gj^+ O+C+
2. barn =N- O==
3. beans
OOC+ _6+
4. barren land C+ 4CE+
5. black gram +O+]++6+
6. Bengal gram +^O6+
7. bran [^]C+
8. butter ENOG
9. beef UC+O]E-
10. bulrush/peal millet -E6+
11. cofferdam OO
12. chaff p'
13. cottonseeds =C _6+
14. crow bar
COpj- +O=
15. cluster bean U+ OOC+
16. cheese O+G
17. compost pit -[^
18. craggy land
OO^[ OOO 6
19. corn flakes
EN+O`OOG +OO6+
20. castor seeds ]++O6+
21. dairy
pj6 [^)C 1+
22. dung =/C
23. dung cake =CO
24. edible CO1_O
25. farm
]*]gj^+ O[^+
26. finger millet O+6+- -O
27. fertile land
gj][^EN+4O 6
28. flour =O
29. granary OO*=
30. groundnuts
EN++^O =O6+
31. gruel <
32. hay OC+ <
33. irrigation
c-1*= -7 pj+16
34. inundate
O7Eg ]++O++
35. jaggery 46O
36. low lying areas
=6O= =++^
37. maize EN+O`gOG
38. mustard EO6+
39. pasture =@O O^+6+
40. paddy ]C+O OO*
41. plough O
42. poppy -gj6+
43. pest [N+6+
44. pesticide
[N+6+ ]+1+
45. pulses
=== OO*]++6+
46. peas O+O76+
47. quarry OCO
48. reaper
c=^+ U^++EO+
49. rain shadow region
]- -O^+ pj+[^
50. rain fed ]-O
51. red gram O1+6+
52. scarecrow "u 4O]+
53. straw OC+ OO
54. stalk O7 =C6+
55. sickle UC]
56. sorghum `OOG6+
57. sow [^+
58. spade pj
59. stack OO=)
60. sugarcane -NOO
61. scattered rain
-N1++ ]++1++ ]
-
62. shallow EN+O
63. transplantation O+O "C+)6+
64. tributary =O"
65. toddy O6+O- ]+1*
66. turf =@O O^+6+
67. weeds
O6+= EN+O6+
68. yield "+OO

FRUITS
1. Apple
w-=- -/]++
2. Banana 7 =C+
3. Citron C OO]+
4. Coconut UO_+
5. Custard apple -[O=s6
6. Date fruit EO
7. Fig C- O





Page 5
8. Grapes O+OO
9. Guava `]+
10. cherry -N++ =O^e
11. Jackfruit =O-
12. Plum / Jujube 6+OV
13. Lemon, lime O]+
14. Mango ]E+O
15. Muskmelon EE
16. Mulberry 4O[^ =O^e
17. Orange O]+E =s6
18. Papaya 4Opj)++
19. Pineapple O+
20. Palm-fruit [O7
21. Pomegranate OO]+
22. Raisin
OC+O+OO- 7-4+
-4
23. Rose apple O+ +
24. Sapota -pE
25. Watermelon =-^@ =C+
26. Wild bitter melon O
27. Wild date C[^ =O^e
28. Wood apple EN6 =^+
29. Pine apple O-
30. Black berry 6O C+
31. Pear EN+O =O^e
Dry Fruits
1. Dates EE
2. Cashew nuts <O===
3. Raisins / currant OC+ O+OO
4. Dry fig OOO C
5. Almond 41
FLOWERS
1. amaranths -N6^
2. bud EN+L
3. blossom O-O
4. buttercup c=1O-O]+C
5. cobra flower
O]+7 =]^
6. china rose ]+O
7. crocus
OOOO]+ =]^
8. daisy OG -O]+C
9. hibiscus ]+O
10. jasmine ]+EO `<
11. lily [N6O O6+]
12. lotus [O]+
13. marigold OC
14. neem flower E= =]^
15. nut-flower `< =]^
16. pandanus EN+
17. red water lily -N6^
18. stalk [UO]+- =C
19. water lily O6+]
20. wax flower -=_

VEGETABLE
1. angular guard _=^+
2. ash gourd
OEO1 +]+O
3. arum -]+ 1+=
4. amaranthus
OO O [O
5. banana 7 =^+
6. balarian orange O[O++
7. beet root _+ 1+=
8. broad bean
c=1O OOC+
9. bottle gourd
O==^+- gE=^+
10. bitter gourd =O=^+
11. beans
OOC+ =^+
12. brinjal ]=^+
13. cabbage =*4^<- OO UC
14. carrot O+ ]++6O_
15. cauliflower
UC =]^- =UC
16. celery ]++O
17. cluster bean U+ OOC+
18. coriander UC+
19. cucumber U-=^+
20. dill greens EN+C O
21. double beans CO+E* _O
22. drumsticks ]++O=^+6+
23. elephant foot O1
24. fenugreek EN+C O
25. green chillies =@ ++@
26. garlic O6+O OOpj^+
27. gooseberry -+ =^+
28. green beans
U+ OOC+ =^+6
+
29. indian sorrel [^ ++
30. Okra 4C=^+
31. leek O =C6+
32. lentil OO O6+
33. lablab c=1OOOC+
34. little gourd UC =^+
35. mint =`O





Page 6
36. mushroom =UC++
37. onions O CO6+
38. peas O+O-6+
39. potato
6+CO- O=O^1+
=
40. pumpkin -]++]+O
41. prickly pear O1w
42. puslane O-^@ O
43. rumex -^+OO
44. radish O+]++6O_
45. rosella UE
46. snake gourd p'O=^+
47. spinach pj6O
48. sweet potato 6OC 1+=
49. sprouts EN+6O6+
50. sisal hemp UE
51. tamarind [^=^+
52. turnip
+G= 1+=- pj6]++
6O_
53. tomato
]E- O^+ ]++6
54. velvet bean OE+ OOC+
55. water gourd g'=^+
56. yam O11+=
57. wood apple EN6 =^+
FOOD
1. almond 41
2. asafetida C1+]
3. arecanut p'O -NO
4. beef
UC+O ]E-
5. buttermilk ]+<E
6. barley 4+O _^+*
7. blackgram +O+]++6+
8. beans OOC+
9. black pepper ++^E6+
10. basil [^+6-
11. betel nut ]Op'O
12. burger OE4
13. cheese O+G
14. cashew nut <O===
15. cardamom ^E6OO6+
16. chilly +==^+
17. cinnamon O@O -NO
18. currant 7-4+-4
19. cloves 6]=6+
20. corn cob
EN+O`OOG O7
21. coriander seeds 1O^E6+
22. curry staff ]+gj6
23. cumin seeds <6O
24. caraway g'=
25. camphor OE)
26. dill EN+[^+6+
27. dry ginger +O++
28. fenugreek EN+[^+6+
29. garlic
EN6+O- ENOCO
30. gingely oil O+]^6 OEN
31. ginger 6O
32. groundnut oil =O OEN
33. green gram c=-+O
34. gruel <- `]
35. mushroom
OOO UC++
36. pancake +^

PLANTS AND TREES
1. black plum NC+ -N+
2. eucalyptus `]+++E*
3. neem EN=-N+
4. peepul tree O-N+
5. red sandal
O+1]++ -N+

6. rosella OOOOC+
7. sandalwood tree 1= -N+
8. tobacco p'=OO
9. teak ^OO
10. weeds O6+= EN+O6+

ZOOLOGICAL WORLD
1. ape UC
2. ass =O1
3. angora cat O6O=O
4. ant ]+
5. bandicoot =" UOO
6. badger OG O6++
7. bear O6++ O7
8. bitch COOO
9. bison UC O1+O
10. buffalo 1+OG pE[^+
11. bullock N O1+O
12. calf ] 1EC
13. cheetah +[^ =
14. chimpanzee pj<
15. civet O++ =6O





Page 7
16. claw =`
17. cock O =
18. cod 4OEN+ -=
19. colt ++= =6O
20. cow ]
21. crab OC+=^+
22. cub C
23. colt ++= =6O
24. cub
C ]++O= =6O
25. dog OOO
26. dolphin 6)CO
27. donkey =O1
28. deer <O
29. duck 4[^+
30. elephant OO++
31. ewe C U+
32. fawn <O =6O
33. flatfish ENC6+) -N=
34. giraffe <O=s/
35. goose 4[^+
36. greyhound E OOO
37. hare OO6+
38. haddock 4g]+ -=
39. hind C <O
40. hippopotamus
41. hog 1+ ="
42. hound E OOO
43. hyena -]_
44. horn U]++
45. jackal + OO
46. kitten =O =6O
47. lice w=6+
48. mare C ++
49. mongoose ]++[-
50. mongrel E OOO
51. panther +[^ = E7"
52. pig " ="
53. porcupine ]++CO ="
54. puma +[^ =
55. rabbit -/]+ OO6+
56. ram p'6+
57. rhinoceros CL= ]+O]++
58. stag ]+ <O
59. steed [^+
60. stallion ]+ ++
61. swine ="
62. siro 4g[^+
63. spantel c==C+ OOO
64. trotler =N= OOO
65. tail [O
66. turtle [O4^6+
67. walrus -7 OO++
68. whale C+O^]++
69. yak C6 O+

BIRDS, INSECTS AND REPTILES
1. bat __O^]++
2. bee [ O
3. bulbul =76 =
4. butterfly -/[O O 6+O
5. boa UC 6+]
6. beetle OO]++ =++
7. caterpillar w =++
8. chameleon "- ENw
9. crocodile ]++-w
10. centipede =O^ `++
11. cricket ]+ =++
12. crane U
13. dove pj]]++
14. drake 4[^+
15. earthworm EOOpj]++
16. falcon
17. fly C
18. fowl O =7O
19. goose C 4[^+
20. grasshopper +C+[^
21. glowworm
+O+++ =++
22. hawk
23. housefly `g+
24. iguana C+]++
25. lark 4CO^ =7O
26. locoust +C+[^
27. leech 6
28. lizard OO
29. mallard O6O =7O
30. magpie ]- =
31. ostrich O== UO
32. partridge O
33. peacock N]+
34. peahen C N]+
35. pigeon pj]]++
36. pullet O =6O
37. python UC 6+]
38. quall 6 =6O
39. raven ]E6 =7
40. salamander O6O OOpj]++
41. sparrow =-^+@O
42. spider gj-C+
43. squirrel "C[^





Page 8
44. stork U
45. swan V-
46. silkworm =+=++
47. serpent -)
48. scorpion [6+
49. tortoise [O4^6+
50. testle dove O `C pj]]++
51. vulture OO1+
52. viper OO pj]++
53. wasp O"^

CRIES OF ANIMALS
1. ape gibbers
2. ass brays
3. bear growls
4. bull bellows
5. camel grunts
6. calf bleats
7. cow lows
8. deer bells
9. dog barks
10. dolphin speaks
11. donkey brays
12. elephant trumpets
13. fox yelps
14. goat bleats
15. hound bays
16. horse neighs
17. jackal howls
18. jaguar growls
19. leopard growls
20. lion roars
21. ox bellows
22. pig grunts
23. rabbit squels
24. sheep bleets
25. tiger growls
26. wolf growls

ORGANS/PARTS OF BODY
1. abdomen p'C OC+=
2. alimentary canal V OO^
3. ankle 6 ]+C6
4. anus +1]++
5. arm -++
6. armpit -^O
7. back e=
8. backbone ENO+G ]++O
9. beard CO
10. belly
p'- OC+=- 4gE
11. blood corpuscles O O6+

12. breasts
U]++- gjC+O
13. bridge of nose
]++OO 1+6]++
14. buttocks =+1+6+
15. bowels
w=+- [^+]++
16. bladder ]+E[^+ -
17. calf = =O
18. carpel ]+7O+
19. cheek -N=
20. chest -OC
21. chin
CO]++- 1+]
22. collarbone EN+C O]++O
23. epiglottis
+O6+O = <V*
24. eyebrow OO+4g]+
25. eyeball OO+G +C+O
26. eyelid OO+ =)
27. eyelash
O7 =)6 EN++O
28. knee EN+=6+
29. knuckles E+ O+=6+
30. locks
OO+6+ C]++O^
31. moustache e+gj6+
32. navel 4OC+O
33. fist =O7
34. fore arm ]++`^++
35. heel =]+C
36. hip [C
37. intestines
w=+ [^+]++
38. larynx -^ w=7O
39. liver =O+^+]++
40. neuron OO O+^]++
41. nerve O]++
42. nipple -^O+ EN+O
43. ovary C+^^+]++
44. puberty
^+]^O 1+^OO -+
45. retina [^+ OO
p'
46. penis
]++- =+]
++
47. pores
]+ 1+]++6+





Page 9
48. palate
7Eg c=^ 4]++
49. rib
=C- O]++O
50. saliva + -+
51. shinbone = O]++O
52. snivel +O
53. sperm e*]++
54. spinal cord ENO+G pj]++
55. sweat -N]+
56. milk teeth
C= ]-+OG =O^e
57. permanent teeth
++^^[^ 1[^]++6+
58. wisdom teeth
`
C
O

1[^]++6+
59. temple O[^
60. toes = EO^e
61. testicles ]O6+
62. tears O-G+
63. thigh [C
64. throat U[^+
65. urethra ]+E[^OO^]++
66. vagina N+O
67. vocal cords
-^ [^[^++]6+
68. waist OC+]++
69. womb O_+^^+]++
70. zygote
-/+- =+ -N+
]6O
)OO ]O
]++
GENERAL AILMENTS OF BODY
1. abortion _gj+]
2. accident
=+]E1- O-O
3. acidity
=*-4 -O"[^ O*

4. ache =)
5. acne EN+7]+
6. ailment 41 =)
7. anemia OV/O[^
8. Alopecia (bald head) O[^6
9. amputation ]^+]]++6+
10. anesthetics
-C [^=)- ]+O
6+
11. analgesic
41OEOOOO ]+1+6
+
12. loss of appetite O
13. asthma O_-
14. bald head O[^6
15. bacteria
-EOO 7+]++6+
16. bandy legged UC+O =O^e
17. belching
4^+]6+ ^++
18. blood transfusion
+^^Eg7 O O7
-^+
19. bronchitis
U]++ =O+^]++
20. cataract
O7Eg +^e=O6+
21. consumption OO^+
22. constipation ]+6O1OO
23. cripple OE+C+
24. dandruff -^+C++
25. diphtheria +[^ 1+L
26. diabetes
C ]++[^+EO^"- ]+1+
EN+V
27. eczema E
28. epilepsy ]+E@
29. epidemic +
30. exudation
=+ -+-^+
31. faint
-O+V Eg)]
32. gout EO[^ ]++
33. giddiness [^6 C=)
34. hereditary
O+ ]O[^- ]+^ pj
pj*
35. hernia ]^ ]++
36. hepatitis =E^^+ EO^"
37. hunch EO
38. hypertension
"O O pE+
39. hiccups EN7O^e

40. hydrocele O+CO
41. itch <E +1
42. insomnia O1+E^+
43. lame OO7
44. laxative -^O6+
45. louse w=O+
46. lice w=6+
47. leprosy OO
48. lunacy =@
49. measles OG]+ EO+
50. mumps ]1 _O^6+





Page 10
51. neurosis OO6 O6V/O[^
52. numbness C++
53. osciate ]-^+
54. perspiration -N]+ =+
55. pus ]++
56. pearl on the eye
O7Eg =]^
57. pustule p'OO- 4gO_
58. sore throat U[^+ U=)
59. squint eye EN+6OOO+G
60. stammering OC
61. sun-stroke ]CNO_
62. threadworm O+=++
63. tubercle
CO- OO+=- EN
+7]+
64. Whitlow + O++
65. yawning. ]-^+

TREATMENT
1. allopathic
Eg=C WC[O4
2. pranic healing
-N^O EN^1+*6+
3. homeopathic
cV+NE EN^1+
*6+
4. ayurveda
^++^1]++
5. yoga NE
6. unani
CgjO+O EN^1*
]++
7. occupuncture
-E1+6+ +-^+@

8. prognosis
EO^" OOO =+O
O
9. diagnosis
=+7O-^+
10. blood transfusion
O OOO
11. dialysis
7OG +^eO+=+
-^+
12. laxative -^O=+
13. medication ]+1+6+
14. surgery -O+
15. incision OC+-^+
16. anesthesia
]+[^+]+1+
17. heal -^-[^
18. recuperate
19. psychiatrist ]EO-O
20. gynecologist
-/+ -O"[^
21. obstetrician
=+-] O=+C+
22. gastroenterologist
=*-4 O4
23. cardiologist
+N O4
24. pediatrician
=6O6 O4
25. orthopedist
O]++O6 O4
26. dermatologist
-^ O4
27. ophthalmologist
O7 O4
28. neurologist
OO6 O4
RELEASES OF BODY
1. Sperm e*]++
2. Saliva +
3. Sweat -N]+
4. Excreta/stools ]+6
5. Tears O-G+
6. Mucus
+^^ c=^ ]+7
7. Wax +_
8. Dandruff -^+C++
9. Phlegm O=
10. Pus ]++
11. Spit +

TRANSPORTATION
1. pot holes
CO c=^ +[^6+





Page 11
2. crossing
C+O O =++^
3. sidewalk/pavement =4
4. causeway OG ][NO
5. tar [O+
6. elevation =
7. depression +[^
8. ferry O]
9. pedestrian crossing
pj1 -O+6+- C+O
O-;6
10. waylaying C+O EN^++
11. lane -1+
12. turn-turtle 4gE =C+
13. emission
O^+OO ]1+6+
14. skid `+
15. intersection
OOO OOC
DIRECTIONS
1. compass "O
2. east [^E+)
3. west =C]+
4. north [^
5. south 17O
6. south-east G^+
7. south-west N^+C
8. north-east C+O*
9. north-west EO^++]

TIME
1. ago
7+[^- U[^ =6
7+[^
2. antiquity =O[^O EN+4O
3. anno domini
O+-+ =^
4. annum -][^]++
5. anniversary EO+-[^]]++
6. autumn +[^+]

7. biannual
+ ]]Egj6 UO gj
+
8. biennial
C+ -6 UO g
j+
9. bright fortnight 1+O;]++
10. decade pj[^* =6]++
11. dawn =+O^^+
12. deluge
- O7- -1+
13. dusk -]+^+
14. dark fortnight O =OO]++
15. fortnight =OO]++

GROUP NAMES
1. a bouquet of flowers
2. a bunch of letters
3. a bunch of grapes
4. a bunch of keys
5. a cargo of goods
6. a chain of mountains
7. a couple of days
8. a flock of sheep
9. a garland of flowers
10. a heap of stones
11. a pair of spectacles
12. a pile of books
13 A herd of buffaloes

KITCHEN WORK
1. chop
]++O6+ -^++
2. coffee percolator ==s
3. slice
_6O6+= ^+C
4. carve O^+C
5. sieve O-^C
6. whisk 6+OO
7. mix O6=C
8. peel
[O[6+ ^+C
9. grate +[^+C
10. knead =-OC
11. rol out
U^6+ -^+C
12. crush OC
13. msh O6=C
14. squeeze =C
15. skewer +-^@C
16. sprinkle -^6OC
17. dip ]++-^C
18. spread O^+C
19. snip OC+-^C
20. weapon ^++1
21. dagger OEO
22. sword OC
23. shield 6+
24. sheath O]-^





Page 12
25. artillery
]+1+ +C+ E]
EO+
26. combat ^++1;
27. ambush U+EO
28. Cease-fire
=6+)6 ]+

BUILDINGS AND PARTS
1. attic O- +NO
2. asylum +^6^+
3. beam 1E6
4. broom =+- O+4
5. basement
=O"- O- =/+
6. booth OE[4- pjO
7. cemetery +^+O
8. courtyard Eg_C- c=C+
9. cornice -^E+
10. coop O^ EC+
11. dairy
pj6 [^)C 1+
12. dome =]++
13. dormitory
-OE ]+"OON =++
^
14. fence 1O
15. foundry
EgV6+ -^++
16. gutter
]++++ =6+]
17. hearth p'++*
18. inn -[^+
19. lime -+OG
20. threshold C= EO7
21. monastery
-O*-+6 ]++
22. peg E+OO
23. peephole
-^E-N1+OO OG
1+]++
24. steeple =
25. terrace
E+C c=^ 4]++
HOUSEHOLD ARTICLES
1. amber gj4+O
2. ash OEO1
3. ashtray OEO1 O==
4. broom =+
5. camp bed
]+C[^ ]+-^
6. churning staff O]^]++
7. coalscuttle p' ]++
8. earthen pot ]+7 OOC
9. funnel O+
10. futon
=++- 4g[^
11. gauge
U]+ [N- +CO
12. churn 6+OO
13. colander
]O^+ CEOC
14. incense stick + O[^+6+
15. lid ]+E[^
16. musk O-E+
17. mousetrap O6+O6 4gO+
18. nail clipper O^ O[N
19. pastry roller
U6+ -w- O+
20. peg E+OO
21. pestle O
22. phial OG -/gj
23. porcelain ==7 pj[^+
24. scrubbing brush
+^e4C+ -w- O+
C
25. sieve EOC
26. swing "= "^+6
27. spittoon "+ [7
28. threshold C=
Groceries / Provisions
Food or small items that we buy from shops or
supermarkets
Grocers shop /store
Provision Store
(kirana Sarukulu)
INSTRUMENTS
1. anvil =7C- "]+
2. awl
-N==6+ OO+ =+O

3. axis C+-+
4. balance [O+-+- [^O
5. compass ]O[^ E^gO
6. cleat E]++
7. coulter O- O++
8. crowbar +O=
9. churning staff O]^
10. chisel





Page 13
11. dagger 4OO
12. forge U+
13. iron crow +O=
14. loom ]+L
15. plough O
16. pliers =+=+
17. saw =]++
18. sickle UC]
19. spade O
20. tongs =+=+
21. dibble
[^+]^=6+ -^++ =+
O


Useful Idiomatic Expressions in English

What exactly is an Idiom? An idiom is a phrase whose meaning is difficult or sometimes impossible to
guess by linking at the meanings of the individual words it contains. For example, the phrase be in the
same boat has a literal meaning that is easy to understand, but it also has a common idiomatic meaning:
I found the job difficult at first. But we were all in the same boat; we were all learning.
Here, be in the same boat means to be in the same difficult or unfortunate situation.
Some idioms are imaginative expressions such as proverbs and sayings:
Too many cooks spoil the broth.
(If too many people are involved in something, it will not be well done)
If the expression is well known part of it may be lift out:
Well, I knew everything would go wrong Its the usual story of too many cooks!
Other idioms are short expressions that are used for a particular purpose:
Hang in there! (Used to encourage somebody in a difficult situation)
Get lost! (A rude way of saying go away)
Many idioms, however, are not vivid in this way. They are considered as idioms because their form is
fixed:
for certain in any case
1. Above par: this phrase is used to describe something that is of good quality.
2. above their weight: this phrase is used to describe someone performing above their standards
3. absence of mind: failure to remember or pay attention
4. Achilles heel: A weakness in an otherwise strong system.
5. Acid test: The definitive method of assessment.
6. actions speak louder than words: It is more effective to do something than just talk about it
7. add insult to injury make a bad situation worse.
8. after their own heart: Something that pleases a person and a good representation of their own
wishes or ideas.
9. all Greek to me: Incomprehensible
10. all the geese are swans: people who have unrealistically good opinion about the people or things.
11. any port in the storm: The belief that in crisis any source of relief and /or assistance is to be
welcomed.
12. asking for trouble: behaving in a manner that greatly increases the probability of a problem.
13. at the end of the day: What needs to be done after all the things have been considered
14. back of the mind: if something is at the back of the mind, you intend to do it but you are not thinking
actively about it.
15. back to basics: To reject complicated methods or details and return to simpler method
16. back to square one: to go right back to the start


17. bark at the moon: waste time on a protest that has no effect.
18. barrel of laughs: Something very amusing
19. bed of roses: An agreeable situation with no problems
20. bee in their bonnet: Having a preoccupation about something
21. behind their back: back stabbing
22. believe it or not: The phrase indicates that what follows although sounding incredible is in fact true.
23. bell the cat: Undertake a dangerous job on behalf of the group.
24. below par: to describe someone who is not performing up to the expected standard.
25. below the belt: Describes behaviour that is unfair, often with sadistic intention.
26. better safe than sorry: It is better to be cautious and avoid injury than to be hasty and get hurt
27. between the lines: True meaning of something said in a roundabout manner.
28. beyond their wildest dreams: Something that exceeds all expectations
29. big ask: Something that is difficult to achieve.
30. bite their tongue: suppress the urge to say something
31. bits and pieces: A collection of unimportant things
32. bitter end: it implies that he/she has done something difficult to do
33. blessing in disguise : something which at first appears bad but which may in fact be good
34. blind leading the blind: poor leadership with underlings obediently following bad commands.
35. blink of an eye: something happens very quickly
36. blood is thicker than water: A saying that claims that loyalty to family members is greater than
loyalty to anything else.
37. blood sweat and tears: when it requires a lot of effort to do some work, we use this phrase.
38. blow hot and cold: To alternate between enthusiasm and apathy
39. blow their own trumpet: be boastful
40. blowing the money: Spending large amounts of money
41. bone of contention: The cause of an argument or disagreement
42. brain storming session: A group meeting where ideas on how to solve a problem or attain a
particular target.
43. bread and butter: The main or sole source of income.
44. bring the house down: be a great success with an audience.
45. bring to book: punish in a court of law.
46. burn the candle at the both ends: engage in an activity with too much energy, there by tiring oneself
out.
47. burn the midnight oil: work long hours during night.
48. burn their fingers: Fail badly in an attempt to do something.
49. burning desire: Strong desire.
50. business is business: A justification to for doing unpleasant things to people as there is no room for
emotions at work
51. busy bee: A person who always likes to be busy with work
52. butter would not melt in their mouth: Meaning that they appear innocent which deceptive
53. butter fingered: Prone to drop the things
54. butterflies their stomach: feeling nervous.
55. by and large: Generally
56. by hook or crook: by any means.
57. call a spade a spade: speak in a direct manner
58. call it a day: stop doing something for that day
59. calm before the storm: A period of unnatural calm before the onset of something unpleasant
60. can a duck swim?: A sarcastic reply to a question to which the answer is obvious
61. cant judge a book by its cover: the true nature of something cannot be judged by its appearance
62. carbon copy: An exact duplicate
63. chalk and cheese: Describing two totally dissimilar things or people


64. charity begins at home: A saying that advises that a person should attend to the needs of their own
family before considering being good to others
65. chip off the old block: A child who is just like their parent in looks and/or behaviour
66. class act: term of approval for somebody who is skilled at their job.
67. clear as crystal: obvious
68. clock is ticking: A warning that there is limited amount of time left.
69. close call: An event that was nearly a serious accident but in fact passed successfully.
70. cloud nine: A state of extreme happiness.
71. come hell or high waters: come what may
72. come of age: something reached its full successful development
73. conspiracy of silence: refers to a group deliberately keeping secret or refusing to comment on a
particular matter.
74. cool as a cucumber: calm and without signs of panicking
75. couch potato: A person who leads a lazy life and whose leisure hours are spent watching television.
76. could eat a horse: if someone uses this phrase then he/she is considered to be extremely lazy.
77. could hear a pin drop: It was very quiet.
78. credit where credit is due: Praise should be given where it is merited.
79. crocodile tears: An insincere display of sorrow or regret.
80. crying over the spilt milk: cry over something that has happened and cannot be repaired.
81. culture shock: Feeling of stress due to the radical change of the environment
82. cut from the same cloth: Very similar in personality.
83. cut the Gordian knot: solve a problem in a direct manner without getting sidetracked by niceties.
84. cut your coat according to your cloth: Make the best use of what has been given to you.
85. damage control: activity designed to minimize the adverse reaction to a piece of scandal or news.
86. dance on their grave: show disrespect for the memory of a dead person
87. day in and day out: Describes a regularly occurring event, often with the implication that a
monotonous activity is being described.
88. deep pockets: A wealthy person
89. deliver the goods: do what is hoped for
90. die hard: be difficult to get rid of
91. dig their own grave: this phrase is used to describe someone damages themselves
92. divide and rule: maintaining supremacy over opponents by encouraging them to fight against
themselves.
93. do the honours: Do a task for on behalf of a group.
94. do justice to: Do something that is of suitable quality
95. do them proud: Do something that would make others proud of you
96. doctor ordered: something that gives optimal benefit
97. dog tired: exhausted
98. dont call us, well call you: A response by the theatre mangers after dismissing poor quality
performers
99. dont mince words: A demand that something is said clearly and directly
100. dont pay the ferry man: dont pay someone until they have completed the task
101. dose of their own medicine: A person receiving a taste of their own medicine experiences the same
harm or discomfort he or she had inflicted on others
102. down and out: having no luck no money, no opportunity.
103. down to earth: realistic and unpretentious
104. dress rehearsal: A practice of an event replicating as far as possible the condition of the event itself
105. Dutch courage: gaining courage by drinking alcohol
106. easy money: money that is earned easily.
107. easy come easy go: The belief that something easily gained can be easily lost.
108. eat like a pig: eat large amounts with bad table numbers


109. eleventh hour: The last possible minute that something could be done
110. empty nest syndrome: feeling of loneliness in the middle aged parents created by their children
having reached adulthood.
111. enough is enough: A statement of warning to cease an activity.
112. eye-catching: visually appealing
113. face the music: Accept punishment for a misdeed
114. feast or famine: A situation in which there is either too much or too little
115. feather in their cap: A praiseworthy achievement
116. feel free: An expression of permission to do something
117. feel the pinch: experience financial problems
118. fiddling while Rome burns: To do something trivial while more important things need to be done.
119. fight fire with fire: defend or counterattack using the same methods as he original attack.
120. final say: The ultimate decision
121. firing on all cylinders: working efficiently
122. fit as a fiddle: very healthy
123. flog a dead horse: waste time and energy.
124. fly in the ointment: something that mars an otherwise an acceptable or pleasant situation
125. forbidden fruit: Something enjoyable that is illegal or immoral is forbidden fruit
126. foul play: If the police suspect foul play, they think a crime was committed.
127. freeze the blood
128. French leaves: To take French leave is to leave a gathering without saying goodbye or without
permission
129. From the bottom of their heart: If someone does something from the bottom of their heart, then
they do it with genuine emotion and feeling.
130. from the word go: From the word go means from the very beginning of something.
131. fruits of the labor: the rewarding aspects of work
132. Garbage in garbage out: If a computer system or database is built badly, then the results will be bad
133. gather the dust: stay unused
134. get a move on: hurry up
135. get away with: to avoid punishment
136. get it off their chest: If someone gets something off their chest, then they talk about something that
has been worrying or angering them for sometime
137. get the nod: be approved
138. ghost at the feast: a person who spoils the enjoyment of what should be happy occasion by being
depressing
139. gift of the gab: the skill of being persuasive speaker
140. girl next door: A women of average attractiveness, seen as a realistic prospect as a partner; the male
version is boy next door
141. give and take: accepting each others needs and wishes
142. give up: to quit
143. go nuts: go nuts
144. go on: continue
145. golden handcuff: A substantial payment given on starting a new job with the proviso that the new
employee agrees to stay with the new employers for at least a fixed period of time.
146. grass roots: the ordinary member of the public or group
147. grease the palm: Bribe
148. green-eyed monster: Jealousy
149. half measures: little enthusiasm or commitment
150. hand to mouth: only the basic necessities.
151. hang around: wait unnecessarily
152. hang in there: show determination


153. have a nice day: do well in whatever you are about to do
154. have the guts: possess the courage
155. have the last laugh: be proven correct after opposing arguments initially seemed more implausible
156. head in the clouds: Absent-minded
157. heart and soul: if a person putting his heart and soul into something they have worked very hard
158. helping hand: assistance
159. here today, gone tomorrow: transitory
160. hero to zero: A person whose status declines to appoint of being disliked and/or being considered as
of insignificant status
161. hidden agenda: The secretly intended outcome of an activity that is not the same as the aim that is
publicly claimed.
162. hit the nail on the head: give an answer or judgment that is exactly right
163. hold the stage: be the most prominent person in a situation
164. Hobsons choice: No option
165. hold their breath: wait anxiously for something to happen
166. hows the enemy: Another way of asking what is the time
167. ice breaker: something done deliberately to initiate the conversation between two people who do
not know each other or something that attempts to reconcile people who are not communicating
following a disagreement
168. if the cap fits, wear it: an implication that one should welcome positive criticism
169. if you cant beat them join them: an advice that argues that if an enemy cannot be defeated, then
pragmatically sensible to join with the enemy
170. in good nick: to be in good condition or form
171. in one ear and out the other: when the person is not paying heed to the suggestions of the others
172. in the same boat: have the same problems and advantages as the other person
173. in their good books: in favour
174. in two minds : undecided
175. itching to: have a strong urge to
176. jack of all trades and master of none: indicating that a person is adept at many things but he or she
is ultimately not an expert in anything
177. joker in the pack: A term of mild disapproval for the member of a group most likely to do or say
something foolish
178. jump on the band wagon: The phrase usually implies that someone joins In an activity because it is
popular and the other people are doing it rather than because they have genuine interest.
179. jump out of their skin: be very frightened
180. jump to conclusions: make a decision before all the evidence has been heard, usually based on
emotions and prejudice rather than logical reasoning
181. just about: approximately
182. just what the doctor ordered: something that gives the optimal benefit. the phrase is usually used
jokingly to describe something the speaker finds pleasurable such as an alcoholic drink
183. Kangaroo court: self appointed group of people who decide if a person is guilty of something. The
phrase is usually used as a condemnatory phrase of a group of workers who decide they are the fit
judges of other workers and an appropriate reward or punishment for other peoples actions
184. keep an eye on: watch and/or attend to
185. keep in shape: maintain physical fitness
186. keep in touch: maintain regular communication
187. keep mum: To remain silent
188. keep options open: not committed to particular course of action that would exclude the other
options being taken.
189. keep the ball rolling: keep an activity going


190. keep the flag flying: maintain support for or representation of something or someone in spite of
difficulties
191. keep the Woolf from the door: have enough money and possession to avoid being homeless, suffer
effects of poverty hunger etc.
192. keep themselves to themselves: be secretive or avoid providing much personal information.
193. keep your chin up: advice to maintain a cheerful, positive attitude, even though the situation may be
difficult to deal with.
194. key moment: a turning point
195. kick the bucket: to die
196. kill the golden goose: destroy a successful scheme
197. laugh up their sleeves: Hide their amusement
198. lend an ear: listen
199. let bygones be bygones: forget the past
200. let down: disappointment.
201. let the sleeping dogs lie: Leave something alone , because
202. level best: The highest standard that can be attained when making a genuine effort
203. lick their boots: being far too polite
204. like a dream: worked successfully or as expected
205. like a headless chicken: A person who behave illogically
206. like getting blood out of stone: which is very difficult or impossible
207. lions share: the largest proportion
208. lips are sealed: A promise to keep a secret
209. live and breathe: followed by the name of an activity
210. look down on: be snobbish and/or regard as inferior
211. lost for words: Utterly amazed to the point of being incapable of producing a coherent statement
212. lull before the storm: A period of unnatural calm before the onset of something unpleasant, such as
an argument.
213. mad about something: very keen or interested about something
214. make a heavy weather of it: behave as if something is far more difficult and /or laborious than it
actually is
215. make a mint: Earn a large amount of money.
216. make a mountain out of a molehill: Exaggerate.
217. make a move: begin to do something
218. make both ends meet: earn enough money to provide the basic necessities of life.
219. make it big: be successful
220. make the best of: make optimal use of what is provided
221. make their blood boil: make very angry
222. make their mark: Have a long lasting effect
223. make their mind up: To make a decision.
224. make up for the lost time: Over-indulge in an activity because of not having the opportunity earlier
225. man for all seasons: A person who can adapt to any situation
226. man of leisure: A man of leisure
227. man of letters: An educated man
228. many months ago: A long time ago
229. mark my words: Attend carefully to what I say
230. matter of time: it is believed that it will certainly happen at some point of time.
231. money doesnt grow on trees: A rebuke if someone is asking for something too expensive.
232. more the merrier: the opinion that the more people are, the better it is
233. music to their ears: received with pleasure.
234. nail biting: describes something that creates a feeling of nervousness or apprehension
235. naked truth: the truth


236. neck and neck: in a competition a situation in which competitors are very similar in performance
237. nerves of steel: impervious to shock or anxiety
238. new ball game: something completely different
239. nip in the bud: stop something before it can develop
240. nit picking: find fault by finding trivial errors in details that have no real importance
241. no more Mr. nice guy: An indication that the speaker has had enough of trying to be pleasant and
reasonable and will now have to be more unpleasant with people in order to get the results he/she
needs
242. No smoke without fire: The belief that ambiguous evidence or rumors amount to tangible proof of
something
243. no stone unturned: nothing has been ignored, everything has been explored
244. not their cup of tea: not something they find appealing
245. not their day: A day which seems to bring nothing but misfortune
246. nuts and bolts: the basic and most important details
247. off color: To feel unwell or to perform below the expected standard.
248. off the record: A person saying off the record means that they cannot be formally attributed as
having said it.
249. on a roll: Enjoying a period of especially good luck or good performance.
250. on the cards: Very likely to happen
251. on the receiving end: being the recipient of something unpleasant
252. once in a blue moon: Indicating very rare event
253. one step forward and two steps back: a description of an activity that in which nothing seems to be
accomplished in spite of doing a lot of activity
254. open book: someone about whom everything is known, with no attempt to hide secrets.
255. order is order: If an order has been given, it must be obeyed.
256. other side of the coin: An argument presenting an opposite point of view
257. out of sight is out of mind: A proverb expressing the opinion that someone or something not
encountered regularly is likely to be forgotten
258. pack their bags: Prepare to leave
259. pain in the neck: An annoyance
260. Pandoras box: something is harmless if left alone but once distributed creates havoc or problems
261. paper tiger: An apparently threatening person or thing who in fact is harmless
262. part and parcel: An integral component.
263. pat on the back: expression of approval
264. pave the way: make something possible by doing the initial work necessary
265. pay lip service: do something without any sincerity or particular effort.
266. pearls before swine: something of high quality presented to people incapable of appreciating it
267. penny wise, pound foolish: being obsessive about minor savings of money thereby incurring bigger
expenses as a result.
268. people in the glass houses should not throw stones: people who themselves can be criticized should
not criticize others
269. pierce their heart: cause a feeling of strong emotion
270. pigs might fly: An expression of disbelief used in reply to improbable statement
271. pillar of strength: A person who can be relied upon to offer assistance and support
272. play a blinder: do something extremely well
273. playing in to their hands: Unwittingly doing something that is advantageous to the opponent
274. poke their nose in: interfere or be over inquisitive
275. polished performance: A skilful performance with no evidence of awkwardness.
276. pot calling the kettle black: someone who makes a criticism that just as much applies to themselves
277. practice what they preach: behave in their own lives as they exhort others to do in theirs
278. presence of mind: The ability to behave rationally.


279. prick the bubble: destroy an illusion
280. prodigal son: A person who squanders money left or given to them by parents on a dissolute lifestyle.
281. Put heads together: work on a problem together
282. put their heart into it: worked with great enthusiasm or determination
283. Quality time: A period of time during which can be undertaken without interruptions or distractions
284. rags to riches: move from poverty to wealth
285. rain cats and dogs: rain heavily
286. reach for the stars: be ambitious
287. reality bites: The truth can sometimes be unpleasant
288. reap what you sow: Be affected by the results of their own action
289. red carpet: special treatment reserved for a very important guest.
290. revolve around: be wholly principally dependent upon
291. rewrite history: attempt to alter the interpretations of the events that have already happened
292. rise through the ranks: Attain promotion to a high level of status, having started at a low position
293. root cause: the most important and original cause of something
294. rough and ready: Very elegant or pleasing but enough to serve the purpose
295. rough diamonds: A pleasant person though lacking in refined manner
296. round the corner: likely to happen soon
297. rub shoulders: be in a regular close proximity
298. rub the salt in the wound: make things even more worse
299. run with the hare and hunt with the hound: to maintain cordial links with both sides in a dispute
300. running battle: A conflict that goes on for a long time with neither side willing to concede
301. rush of blood: A sudden, irrational change in mood or thought
302. safe bet: A wise choice
303. safe pair of hands: A person who can be trusted to do something efficiently
304. sail close to wind: Take risks in the hope that this will bring more favorable outcome than a cautious
approach
305. save the day: successfully resolve a problem
306. saving for a rainy day: saving money for the problematic time
307. school of thought: A method of thinking about something
308. see eye to eye: agree
309. see the funny side: recognize a humorous aspect to an otherwise a serious situation
310. seize the day: use whatever opportunities arise
311. sell like a hot cake: if something sells like a hot cake then it is in great demand
312. sell their soul to the devil: Have no moral scruples
313. send the right message: present an argument or statement that is well received
314. send the wrong message: an argument or statement that is badly received
315. set alarm bells ringing: begin to feel apprehensive about something
316. set the town on fire: To do something that is talked about
317. settle the score: Have revenge
318. sharpen up: disturbed or frightened
319. shift gears: Change the level of activity
320. shot in the dark: A wild guess
321. show their true colors: to show true nature of someone
322. show them the door: To eject from the house or office
323. silver tongue: eloquence
324. six feet under: dead
325. slip of the tongue: An error in speaking
326. slow on the uptake: slow to learn
327. smell a rat: detect or suspect deception
328. snake in the grass: An unanticipated problem or danger or a disloyal associate


329. so far so good: everything as anticipated
330. sort out the men from the boys: Discover who are really capable and/or skilled
331. speak from the heart: express sincere opinions
332. speak the same language: have similar opinions
333. speak volumes: If something speaks volumes, then it is particularly descriptive
334. split the bill/ go Dutch: share the cost of something equally
335. spur of the moment: something done on spur of the moment is done spontaneously
336. square eyes: A person who watches television a lot
337. stab in the back: betray
338. stand on dignity: insist upon being treated with a marked degree of respect
339. state of the art: The most advanced version and thus the most technologically advanced
340. stay focused: maintain concentration
341. stay the distance: preserve till the end in spite of difficulties
342. steal a persons clothes: use another persons ideas or arguments and pretend that they are your
own
343. step down: resign
344. step into their shoes: take over from someone else and succeeding in this attempt
345. stick to their guns: maintain belief and support for an argument in spite of considerable opposition
346. still water runs deep: something that appears harmless or placid may in fact be dangerous
347. stop gap measure: A temporary solution to a problem
348. storm in a tea cup: An excessive amount of fuss over a minor incident
349. straight from the heart: sincere
350. stumbling block: A problem that produces errors and either stops or slows up the running of a plan
351. sugar the pill: make something easier to accept
352. swallow their pride: something swallowing their pride is accepting that they are wrong about
something or that they lack the ability to do something even though this admission is damaging to
their prestige
353. sweep under the carpet: Ignore or try to forget something because it is embarrassing
354. swim against the tide: Against normal desired practice or inclination
355. take home message: The summary of the information contained in something
356. take it or leave it: An expression of disinterest with the implication that the speaker is not in whether
someone accepts or rejects it
357. Take the breath away: Say or do something that amazes.
358. take the bull by the horns: deal with the problem directly and decisively
359. take the easy way out: Choose to end something by the method requiring the least effort
360. take their point: accept the validity of an argument
361. take to heart: believe
362. take words out of their mouth: say the exact words or a paraphrase of something that someone else
was contemplating saying
363. teach them a lesson: punish
364. tear limb from limb: destroy violently
365. thanks for nothing: An expression of annoyance that someone has failed to do something that they
were meant to do
366. thats life: An expression of acceptance that unexpected events can happen
367. thats the spirit: That is the correct emotional response and/or level of commitment
368. thin on the top: bald head
369. thrills and spills: Excitement
370. throw money at: attempt to solve a problem by spending money on it.
371. throw mud: make accusations and/or spread rumors which have the effect of discrediting someone
372. tit for tat: counter attack
373. too close to call: if nearing the end of the competition, it is difficult to predict who will win


374. too many chiefs and not enough Indians: Too many managers and administrators and not enough
Indians
375. touch and go: If something is touch and go then its outcome is uncertain
376. tough act to follow: someone or something who has been very good and whom it will be difficult to
match in ability
Administration of Mr. Pathan F Khan is a tough act to follow
377. tough cookie: A resilient person
378. trial and error: Something is calculated by trial and error is done by trying out various methods
until the correct one is found
379. trip down memory lane: Reminiscence
380. Trojan horse: An attractive gift that is destructive
381. try to see it my way: the speaker wants someone to see from his point of view
382. turn a deaf ear to: ignore
383. turn down: reject
384. turn of the tide: A change of fortunes such that the side that was winning now begins to move
towards defeat
385. two heads are better than one: the opinion that two people working at the same problem can be
more effective than one person.
386. unbalanced personality: A person who behaves in an unusual way
387. under pressure: being compelled or coerced into doing something difficult.
388. up to the mark: of the required standards
389. vicious circle: A problem that appears to get worse by trying to solve it
390. wash dirty linen in public: divulge secrets that should have been prudently hidden
391. waste their breath: argue something with no effect
392. what s up: whats happening
393. wheel has come full circle: the phrase generally means that a situation has returned to how it was at
the start after a rise and fall of fortunes.
394. white elephant: A useless item
395. wild goose chase: A task that cannot possibly succeed and is time consuming and frustrating
396. window of opportunity: An opportunity that will only be available for a short period of time
397. with flying colours: something done with flying colours is done very successfully.
398. wolf in sheeps clothing: someone who is dangerous but appears harmless
399. word of mouth: Information spread through informal discussion rather than by print or electronic
media
400. world is their oyster: there are lots of opportunities
401. world of difference: A very large difference
402. worth their salt: useful and competent person.
403. would you believe it? : a rhetorical question asked in surprise
404. wouldnt hurt a fly: is incapable of doing harm
405. wrong end of a stick: An incorrect interpretation of something.
406. yes and no: it is partly correct and partly incorrect
407. Yesterdays man: A person who is no longer as influential or as important as they were once.
408. you and yours: closest members of your family and yours
409. you dont keep a dog and bark yourself: there is no point employing someone and to bark yourself
410. You scratch my back and I scratch yours: I help you and you help me
411. young blood: young members of a team or organization
412. your mileage may vary: Your opinions may differ from the one expressed


PHRASAL VERBS
What is a phrasal verb?
A phrasal verb is a verb followed by a preposition or an adverb; the combination creates a
meaning different from the original verb alone.
Example :

To get = to obtain I need to get a new battery for my camera.
To get together = to meet Why dont we all get together for lunch one day?
Phrasal verbs are part of a large group of verbs called multi-part or "multi-word verbs.
The preposition or adverb that follows the verb is sometimes called a particle.
Phrasal verbs and other multi-word verbs are an important part of the English language.
However, they are mainly used in spoken English and informal texts. They should be
avoided in academic writing where it is preferable to use a formal verb such as to postpone
rather than to put off.
Transitive and intransitive phrasal verbs :
Some phrasal verbs are transitive. (A transitive verb always has an object.)
Example : I made up an excuse. ('Excuse' is the object of the verb.)
Some phrasal verbs are intransitive . (An intransitive verb does not have an object.)
Example : My car broke down.
Separable or inseparable phrasal verbs :
Some transitive phrasal verbs are separable. (The object is between the verb and the preposition.)
Example : I looked the word up in the dictionary.

Some transitive phrasal verbs are inseparable. (The object is placed after the preposition.)
Example : I will look into the matter as soon as possible.
Some transitive phrasal verbs can take an object in both places.
Example : I picked up the book.
I picked the book up.
However, if the object is a pronoun, it must be placed between the verb and the preposition.
Example : I picked it up.

Phrasal Verb Meaning Example
abide by
Respect or obey
(the law, a decision, a rule)
If you want to stay at this school, you mustabide by the rules.
account for Explain; give a reason I hope you can account for the money you spent!
ache for Want something or someone very much. He was so lonely he ached for the sound of a human voice.
act on Take action as a result of something The police acted on the call they received.
act up Cause pain or annoyance by functioning badly Dad's poor knee is acting up again.
add up Make sense; seem reasonable Her story just doesn't add up.


adhere to Support; follow; act in accordance with All contestants must adhere to the rules.
advise against Recommend not doing something The doctor advised him against carrying heavy loads.
agree with Have the same opinion as someone else I agree with you. I think she deserves the award too.
aim at Direct towards a target The policeman aimed his gun at the hijacker.
allow for
Take into consideration;
Include in a calculation
You'd better leave early to allow for heavy traffic.
amount to Reach; be equivalent to
1) The total cost amounts to 1200.
2) His statement amounted to a confession.
angle at Show from a particular point of view. The documentary was angled at young viewers.
angle for Try to obtain something by hinting. I suspect Tom's angling for a free ticket.
answer back Reply rudely Don't answer back your mother!
answer for
1) Be responsible for something.

2) Speak on behalf of someone.
1) Normally parents have to answer for their children's
behaviour.
2) I agree, but I can't answer for my associate.
answer to Be responsible to/be controlled by (someone) Who do you answer to in your job?
appeal to
1)Plead or make an earnest request.

2) Be attractive or interesting.
1) The organizers appealed to the crowd to stay calm.
2) Camping doesn't appeal to me.
apply for
Make a formal request for something
(job, permit, loan, etc.)
He applied for the job advertised.
arrive at
Reach
(an agreement, a decision, a conclusion)
It is hoped that they will arrive at an agreement at the end of
the meeting..
ask after Enquire about someone's well-being. My mother is always asking after you.
ask around Mention it to people you see or meet. I'll ask around and see if anyone has seen your cat.
ask in Invite someone to come inside.
I couldn't leave her standing outside in the cold so
I asked her in.
ask out Invite someone to lunch, dinner, the cinema ... John has asked Mary out several times.
avail (oneself) of
Take advantage of something
(an opportunity)
When the company is privatized, you shouldavail yourself
of the opportunity and buy some shares.
average out at Result in an average (amount) The price of lunch averages out at 10 per person.

Phrasal Verb Meaning Example
back away Move backwards, in fear or dislike When he saw the dog, he backed away.
back down Withdraw; concede defeat.
Local authorities backed down on their plans
to demolish the cinema.
back off Retreat, abandon an intention.
The thugs backed off when they saw the
police.
back out Withdraw from an agreement. We made a deal. You can't back out now!


back up
1) Give support or encouragement

2) make a copy of (file, program...)
1) If I tell the boss we've got too much work,
will you back me up?
2) It is recommended to back up all files.
bail out
1) Pay money to secure someone's release

2) Rescue from financial difficulties
1) When he was arrested, his family refused
to bail him out.
2) The government bailed out the bank.
band together Unite in a group.
Consumers banded together to protest
against the measures.
bank on Base your hopes on something/someone.
Don't forget the date. I'm banking on your
help.
bargain for Expect; be prepared for.
The interview was more difficult than he
hadbargained for.
bear out Confirm
The other witnesses will bear out my
testimony.
bear with Be patient.
Please bear with me please while I finish my
explanation.
beef up Improve or make more substantial
He beefed up his presentation with diagrams
and statistics.
black out Faint; lose consciousness When he fell off the horse, he blacked out.
block off Separate using a barrier.
The area was blocked off during the
demonstration.
blow up
1) Explode.

2) Be destroyed by an explosion.
1) The terrorists said the bomb would blow
up at 9 o'clock.
2) The car blew up but luckily there was
nobody in it.
boil down to Be summarized as The problem boils down to a lack of money.
boot up
Start a computer by loading an operating system
or program.
Just give me a few minutes to boot up the
computer.
break away Escape from captivity. A few horses broke away from the paddock.
break down
1) Go out of order, cease to function.
2) Lose control of one's emotions.
1) John's car broke down on the way to the
airport.
2) The parents broke down when they
heard the bad news.
break into Enter by force.
The burglars broke into the house around
midnight.
break off
1) Stop, discontinue
2) Stop speaking
1) It was decided to break off diplomatic
relations with that country.
2) She broke off in the middle of a sentence.
break out Start suddenly. Rioting broke out as a result of the strike.
break out of Escape from a place by force. Three prisoners broke out of jail.
break up Come to an end (marriage, relationship...) After her marriage broke up, Emma went to


live in London.
bring off Succeed in doing something difficult
You pretended to be a journalist and he
believed you?
I never thought you'd bring that off!
bring up
1) Raise (a child).
2) Mention something.
1) She stopped working in order to bring up
her children.
2) His friends knew he had lost his job but
they decided not to bring up the subject.
brush up on Improve, refresh one's knowledge of something.
Mary decided to brush up on her Spanish
before going to South-America.
bump into Meet by accident or unexpectedly.
Pedro bumped into his English teacher at the
supermarket.
burn out
1) Stop (something) working
2) Become exhausted from overworking
1) The fuse has burnt out.
2) Tom will burn himself out if he doesn't
slow down.
butt in (on) Interrupt impolitely. It's rude to butt in on a conversation.

call back Return a phone call I'll call you back as soon as possible.
call off Cancel The meeting was called off because of the strike.
call on/upon Formally invite or request.
I now call upon the President to address the
assembly.
calm down
Become more relaxed or less
angry/upset.
He was angry at first, but he eventually calmed
down.
carry on Continue. He carried on gardening in spite of the rain.
carry out
1) Do something as specified (plan,
order, threat...)
2) Perform or conduct (test,
experiment ...)
1) The plan was carried out to perfection.
2) Tests are carried out to determine the
efficiency of a new drug.
carry over Postpone until later.
As regards holidays, can we carry over days from
one year to the next?
catch up on
Acquire information you have
missed.
I must call by mother to catch up on the latest
family events.
catch up with
Reach the same stage as someone
else.
I've missed some classes so I'll have to work hard
to catch up with the others.
check in Register at a hotel or airport.
For security reasons, you have to check in two
hours before your flight.
check out
1) Pay one's bill and leave (a hotel)

2) Investigate or verify.
1) Is Mr. Bush still at the hotel? No, he checked
out this morning.
2) I don't know if the address is still valid.
I'll check it out.
cheer up Put someone in a better mood. I told her a joke to try and cheer her up.


chip in
Contribute to, or participate in,
something done by a group.
Bob has decided to retire and we're going to buy
him a present. Do you want to chip in?
clam up Refuse to speak. When the teacher arrived, she clammed up.
clamp down on Act strictly to prevent something.
The government decided to clamp down
onsmoking in public areas.
close down
Stop operating (company,
restaurant, cinema ...)
When the factory closed down, the employees
lost their jobs.
come across
1) Find by chance.

2) Appear, seem, make an
impression.
1) Julie came across some photographs of her
grandparents in the attic.
2) The candidate came across as a dynamic
person during the interview.
come down with Become ill with ...
The architect planned to attend the inauguration
but unfortunately he came down with the flu
over the weekend.
come forward Present oneself.
The police have asked any witnesses to come
forward.
come up against Be faced with or opposed by. The project came up against a lot of criticism.
come up with Produce an idea or plan. Sacha came up with a great idea for the party.
conk out
1) Stop working.

2) Stop or fall asleep (from
exhaustion).
1) The car conked out on the motorway.
2) He was so exhausted, he conked out in front
of the TV.
count on Rely or depend on.
I'm counting on the taxi driver to find the
theatre.
cross out Remove by drawing a line through.
In some exercises you are asked to cross out the
incorrect word.
cut down on Reduce in number or size. The doctor told him to cut down on cigarettes.
cut out
1) Remove using scissors.
2) Stop doing something.
1) She cut out a picture in a magazine.
2) I'm going to cut out eating sweet food.

deal with
Handle, take care of (problem,
situation)
The manager is good at dealing with difficult
customers.
deck out (in/with) Dress; decorate
1) The women were all decked out in beautiful
dresses.
2) The exhibition hall will be decked out in the
colours of Europe.
die down Calm down, become less strong.
When the applause died down, she started to
sing.
dig into
1) Try to find deep inside
something.

2) Start to do something.
1) He dug into his pocket and found a coin.

2) It was time to dig into the work that had
accumulated on her desk.



3) Take from something.

3) Dad had to dig into his savings to repair the
roof.
dig up
1) Break up the soil/remove by
digging.

2) Discover or reveal information.
1) He tried to dig up the tree by its roots.

2) Some newspapers often try to dig up
scandalous information.
dish out Distribute or give away a lot.
He spent the day dishing out invitations to
tourists.
dispense with Decide to do without something.
I'm afraid you'll have to download it.
They've dispensed with the paper version.
do away with Get rid of; abolish.
Some people think it's time to do away with the
monarchy.
do over Clean or redecorate.
My parents will need to do over their living-room
soon. The paintwork needs refreshing.
do up Fasten (a garment)
Good boy Alex! You know how to do up your coat
now!
do without Manage without.
The shops are closed so we'll have to
do without sugar.
drag on Last longer than expected.
We expected a short speech but it dragged onand
on!
drag out
1) Make something longer than
necessary.

2) Make someone reveal or give
information unwillingly.
1) Let's decide now and not drag out this
discussion.

2) The police finally dragged out a confession
from the suspect.
draw up
Write (contract, agreement,
document).
An agreement as drawn up and signed by the two
parties.
dress up
1) Wear elegant clothes.

2) Disguise oneself.
1) Do people dress up to go to the opera in your
country?
2) Children love to dress up at Halloween.
drift apart Become less and less close.
We were childhood friends but we drifted
apartover the years.
drift off Gradually fall asleep. He sat back, closed his eyes and drifted off.
drive at Insinuate; be trying to say. What exactly are you driving at?
drop behind Fall into a position behind others.
Our sales have dropped behind those of our
competitors.
drop in
Visit, usually on the way
somewhere.
I sometimes drop in to see my grandparents on my
way home from school.
drop off
1) Deliver someone or something.

2) Fall asleep.
1) I'll drop you off at the bus stop if you like.

2) Granddad often drops off in front of the TV.


drop out Leave school without finishing.
She decided to go to art school, then dropped
out after the first term.
drown out
Be louder in order to cover
another sound.
She turned up the music to drown out the noise of
the children outside.

ease off/up
Reduce, become less severe or slow
down
(pain, traffic, work ...)
After Christmas, the workload generally eases
off.
egg on Encourage
Egged on by his friends, the boy climbed over
the wall.
embark on/upon Start or engage in
She embarked on a career that lead her to
fame.
end in Finish in a certain way / result in Their marriage ended in divorce.
end up Finally reach a state, place or action
If he continues his misconduct, he'll end up in
prison.
even out
1) Eliminate differences of opinion.

2) Become level or regular
1) After a long discussion they managed
toeven out their differences.
2) The road was evened out to make it safer.
explain away
Find an excuse or plausible
explanation
How are you going to explain away the
missing money?

face up (to)
Accept ad deal with something
unpleasant.
Sam will have to face up to the fact that Jenny
is not in love with him.
fall behind Fail to maintain a certain level
She fell behind at school and had to study
harder.
fall through Fail / does not happen
Our planned boat trip fell through because of
the storm.
figure out Understand / find the answer
I'm trying to figure out how to assemble the
wardrobe.
fill in for
Temporarily substitute for another
person
Eva is absent this morning and Julie is going
to fill in for her.
fill out Complete (a form/application)
Please fill out the enclosed form and send it
back as soon as possible.
find out Discover or obtain information
I'm going to call the cinema to find out what
time the film starts.
fit in (with)
Feel comfortable or be in harmony
with
He just doesn't fit in with the others.
fix up Repair or renovate
They're going to fix up the house before
moving in.
fizzle out Gradually end Over the years their friendship fizzled out.
focus on Concentrate on something The advertising campaign will focus on the


quality of the product.
fold in Mix one ingredient with another. Fold in the eggs with the sugar.
freak out Panic or go crazy
She nearly freaked out when she saw the
colour of her hair. It was a disaster!
frown on/upon Disapprove My parents always frowned on smoking.
fuss over Pay excessive attention to She's always fussing over her grandson.

get about/around
1) Move from place to place
2) Spread, circulate
1) It's not easy to get around the city without
a map.
2) News of their separation soon got about.
get along (with) Be on good terms / work well with. I get along (well) with my mother-in-law.
get at Imply What exactly are you trying to get at?
get away Escape The robbers got away in a black car.
get by (on) Manage to cope or to survive. It's difficult to get by on a low salary.
get down to Start to actually do something. It's time to get down to some serious work!
get in Enter How did the burglar get in?
get into (+ noun) Enter How did the burglar get into the house?
get off
1) Leave (bus, train, plane).

2) Remove from something.
1) Get off the bus at Trafalgar Square.

2) She's trying to get off the stain.
get on Board (bus, train, plane) You can pay when you get on the bus.
get on with
Continue to do something / make
progress
Be quiet and get on with your homework.
get on (well) with Have a good relationship with I get on very well with my colleagues.
get out Leave How did he get out?
get out of (+noun) Leave How did he get out of the house?
get out of (+verb) Avoid doing something
Some husbands manage to get out of
doing any housework.
get over
Recover from (illness,
disappointment)
Charlie had the 'flu but he got over it.
get rid of Eliminate It's difficult to get rid of old habits.
get round (to)
Find the necessary time to do
something.
I finally got round to making the list that I
promised.
get together Meet each other Let's get together for lunch one day.
get up Rise / leave bed I usually get up at 7 o'clock.
give away
1) Give something free of charge.

2) Reveal something.
1) He gave away most of his paintings.

2) The names of the witnesses will not begiven


away.
give back Return something to its owner.
He promised to give back the money he
borrowed..
give up Stop ing something. Sarah gave up smoking five years ago.
gloss over
Treat something briefly so as to avoid
embarrassing details.
The director glossed over the recent drop in
sales.
go along (with) Agree with; accept.
Alex tends to go along with anything his wife
says.
go back Return Children go back to school after the holidays.
go away
1) Leave a place
2) Disappear / fade
1) We decided to go away for a few days.
2) The stain still hasn't gone away.
go in Enter
There's a bakery. Let's go in and buy some
bread.
go into (+ noun) Go inside
Go into the bakery and see if they sell
croissants.
go into (+ noun)
Join or enter a profession or
organization.
He decided to go into the army when he left
school.
go in for
Have something as an interest or
hobby.
She doesn't really go in for sports.
go out
Leave one's home to attend a social
event.
Many young people go out a lot.
go (out) with
Have someone as a
boyfriend/girlfriend.
Is Julie going (out) with Tom?
go with Look good with something else. These shoes don't go with my skirt.
go through Experience.
Pete went through a lot of pain after the
accident.
go with/together Match; harmonize (with)
The curtains don't go with the carpet.
The curtains and carpet don't go together.
grow up
Spend one's childhood / become an
adult
He grew up in a small village in the mountains.
hand back Return She read the article and then handed it back.
hand down Pass on (by tradition, inheritance...)
My clothes were handed down to me by my older
sister.
hand in Submit (report, homework)
All application forms must be handed in before
the end of the month.
hand out Distribute
Samples will be handed out at the end
of the demonstration.
hand over Give to someone in authority.
The boy was forced to hand over the mobile
phone he had stolen.
hang back Be reluctant to do something All the children rushed towards the clown except



one boy who hung back.
hang on Wait Hang on a minute. I'm early ready.
hang on (to) Keep a hold on something Hang on to that rope and you'll be ok.
hang out
Spend time in a particular place or
with a group of friends
Where does he hang out these days?
Who does he hang out with?
hang up End a telephone conversation Don't hang up. I haven't finished yet.
head off Start to go somewhere. He headed off to the train station.
head for Go/move in a certain direction. The boat was heading for the rocks.
hit at Aim a blow at something. He hit at the wasp with a newspaper.
hit back Retaliate / reply to an attack When he was attacked, the boy hit back.
hit on/upon Find unexpectedly or by inspiration She hit upon an idea for her new collection.
hold on
1) Wait

2) Grip tightly
1) Hold on please. I'll put you through to Mr.
Brown.
2) She held on to the railing as she crossed the
bridge.
hold up Show as a example She held up the diagram for all to see.
hook up Fasten (a garment) I need help to hook up my dress.
hook up (with) Link broadcasting facilities Many networks are hooked up by satellite.
hurry up Be quick / act speedily Hurry up! We'll miss the bus!
idle away Waste time doing nothing much. He idles away hours every day watching television.
iron out
Resolve by discussion/ eliminate
differences
The meeting tomorrow will be an opportunity toiron
out difficulties.
impose on/upon Ask too much of someone.
Is it alright if I stay?
I don't want to impose upon your hospitabity.
improve on/upon Make better The runner improved on his previous performance.
indulge in Allow yourself to enjoy something
Ive been dieting all week but today I'm going toindulge in
a dessert.
insure against
Guarantee compensation for
damage etc.
The house is insured against fire.
invite out
Ask someone to join you for lunch,
dinner, etc.
Harry invited her out for dinner.

join in Participate She was too shy to join in the game.
join up
1) Engage in, become a member
of

2) Meet and unite with
1) John was in the army and Tom joined up as soon as he
left school.
2) The two groups of tourists joined up at the hotel.


jot down Take quick notes
I jotted down the address while watching the
programme on TV.

keep at Persevere. His father encouraged him to keep at his studies.
keep back Retain / force to stay back A barrier was installed to keep back the fans.
keep on Continue doing something I told him to be quiet but he kept on making noise.
keep up with
Stay at the same level as someone
or something
Bill walks so fast it's difficult to keep up with him.
kneel down Go down on your knees Most people kneel down to pray.
kick off Begin, start The football match kicked off at 3 p.m.
knock back Drink quickly (usually alcohol) He knocked back a pint of beer and left.
knock down
Strike someone or something to
the ground.
The child was knocked down by a car.
The tree was knocked down during the storm
knock out
Cause someone to fall
unconscious.
The boxer was knocked out in the first round.
know of
have heard of / have knowledge
about
Do you know of anyone else attending the conference?

laugh off
Make light of something /
minimize
He laughed off the unflattering review of his latest book.
lay off Fire, dismiss, let go Many factories have had to lay off workers.
leaf through Turn over pages quickly She leafed through a magazine in the waiting room.
leak out Become known (information) News of the planned merger leaked out.
leave out Omit / not mention Tom's name was left out of the report.
let down
1) Disappoint

2) Lengthen (skirt, pants)
1) You promised to come to the party, so don't let
me down!
2) The skirt is too short? I'll let it down for you.
light up Illuminate
1) 1 watched the floodlights light up the castle.
2) Her face always lights up when she sees her grandson.
3) The screen lights up when you turn on a computer.
line up Stand in a row. The books were lined up neatly on the shelves.
live through
Experience something and
survive
My grandparents lived through two wars.
liven up
Make something livelier or more
attractive.
We need to liven up the presentation somehow.
log in/on
Access a program or database
using a password.
You need to log in to your account before you use the
services.
log off End access to a database. Log off the system and then turn off the computer.
look after Take care of A baby sitter looks after the children when their parents go


out.
look ahead Think of the future It's time to forget the past and look ahead.
look back on Remember the past
My parents and their friends like to look back on "the good
old days".
look down on Consider as inferior He tends to look down on anyone who is not successful.
look into Examine or investigate. I'll look into the matter and call you back.
look on Be a spectator at an event Billy didn't take part in the fight. He just looked on.
look for Try to find something Jane went shopping to look for a pair of shoes.
look forward to
Await or anticipate with
pleasure
I look forward to seeing you soon.
look up to Admire
He was a wonderful teacher and many studentslooked up
to him.
lose out on/to Be unsuccessful / suffer a loss I'm the one who'll lose out if our plan goes wrong.

make fun of Laugh at / make jokes about
The old lady dresses so strangely that the
children make fun of her.
make off with Steal and hurry away
He made off with my briefcase while I was checking
the timetable.
make up Invent (excuse, story)
Some employees make up excuses when they arrive
late for work.
make up (with) End a quarrel It's time to shake hands and make up.
make up for Compensate for
With hard work I can make up for the days
I was absent.
mark down Reduce the price.
The coat was marked down by 40% -
a real bargain!
miss out (on)
Lose an opportunity to do
something.
If you leave before Saturday you'll miss outon the
party.
mix up
Mistake one thing or person for
another
I don't know the members' names yet.
I tend to mix them up
move in Arrive in a new home or office
You've bought a new house? When are youmoving
in?
move out
Leave your home/office for
another one.
My neighbour is leaving. He's moving outnext
Saturday.

nail down
Make someone say something
precisely
He promised to come but we'll have
to nailhim down to a date.
name after
Give the same name as another
person
William was named after his grandfather.
narrow down Reduce a list or a number of The list of suspects has been narrowed downto


options. three people.
nod off Fall asleep
My grandfather often nods off in front of the
television.
nose about/around Try to discover by searching. I don't like people nosing around my desk.
note down Write something down
I'll call the station and note down the departure
times.

opt out
Leave a system or decide not to
participate
I enjoy tennis but I'm so busy I had to opt
out of the tournament.
own up Admit or confess something
The boy owned up. He said he kicked the
ball through the window.

pass away Die The old lady passed away peacefully.
pass on Transmit Don't forget to pass on the information.
pass out Faint / lose consciousness
She passed out when she heard the bad
news.
pay back Reimburse
I will lend you 20 provided
you pay meback before the end of the
week.
pick on
Choose someone to blame, punish,
bully, etc.
The other children were always picking
on Charlie because of his red hair.
pick out Select; choose
Will you help me pick out a handbag to
go with my outfit?
pick up Learn
Children are quick to pick up a new
language.
pick up Collect; give someone a lift
James is coming to pick me up at 8
o'clock.
play up Cause pain or discomfort.
My stomach is starting to play up again
after all that heavy food.
play up
Emphasize or make something seem
more important.
He always plays up his achievements.
play down
Minimize or make something appear
less important
The government played down the
gravity of the situation.
pop across/over/
down/out
Come or go quickly in the direction
specified
She popped over to visit her mother
after lunch.
pop in Make a brief visit He sometimes pops in for a cup of coffee.
pop up Arise, occur
The question popped up during the
meeting.
pull through Overcome difficulties or illness
My grandmother caught pneumonia but
she pulled through.


put away
Return something to its normal place
after using it.
Please put away the dictionary when
you've finished using it.
put off Postpone / arrange a later date
The meeting was put off because of the
strike.
put on Turn on / switch on Could you put on the light please?
put on Wear a garment or piece of clothing. Put on your coat - it's getting cold.
put out Extinguish It took a long time to put out the fire.
put (yourself) out
Go to a lot of trouble / be
inconvenienced.
Please don't put yourself out for us.
put (something) out
Leave/place someting outside the
house.
Don't forget to put out the dustbin.
put through Connect two people (on the telephone) I'll put you through to Mr. Brown.
put up Accommodate / give someone a bed
We can put you up if you'd like to come
for the week-end.
put up with Tolerate
I don't know how you can put up with all
the noise.
pick up Collect somebody I'll pick you up at the station.
point out Indicate / direct attention to something The teacher pointed out the mistake.
reel off Recite without effort or pause
She amazed everyone by reeling off all
the phrasal verbs she had learned.
rely on Count on / depend on / trust
Don't worry. You can rely on me. I can
keep
a secret.
rig out Dress or equip
The old lady arrived all rigged out in her
best clothes.
rig-out Outfit
Stella arrived in the most
extraordinary rig-out!
ring back Return a phone call (Also: call back)
John rang and asked if you
could ring him back.
ring off End a phone call He gave his name and then rang off.
rub out Erase
Write it in pencil so that you
can rub it out.
rule out Eliminate The police ruled out political motives.
run away Escape from a place or suddenly leave
He ran away from home at the age of
fourteen.
run into
Meet by accident or unexpectedly
(also : bump into)
Sophie ran into Maria at the shopping
centre.
run out of Have no more of something What a nuisance! I've run out of coffee.



scale back/down
Make something smaller than
originally intended.
Due to the crisis the company had to scale
down the size of the plant.
scrape together
scrape up
Manage to find or collect enough
of something you need, usually
money
We finally scraped together enough money to
buy an old car.
scrape through Succeed with difficulty How I scraped through the exam is a mystery!
set off Start a journey
Early Saturday morning we set off for the ski
slopes.
set up Start a business She set up her own company 10 years ago.
settle for
Accept something not quite
satisfactory.
I was hoping for a better proposal but
I'll settlefor the amount you offer.
shop around Compare prices
It's always wise to shop around before buying
anything.
show off Brag or want to be admired
There's David showing off in his new sports
car!
show up Appear / arrive
We expected William to come but he
didn't show up.
shut up (impolite) Be silent, stop talking Oh shut up you idiot!
sign away Give up one's rights or ownership
He signed away his property and joined a
religious community.
sign in Register (e.g. at a hotel) Let's go and eat as soon as we've signed in.
sign out
Pay your bill and leave (e.g. a
hotel)
He signed out and left for the airport.
sign over (to) Transfer ownership of something He signed over the house to his two children.
sign up (for) Enroll in an activity Emma signed up for a computer course.
sign up (with)
Sign an agreement to work for
somebody
Paul has signed up with a news agency.
single out Select for special attention Two boys were singled out for extra coaching.
sink in To be fully understood
It took a while for the scale of the disaster
to sink in.
sit down Take a seat Please come in and sit down.
sleep in Sleep later than usual Tomorrow's Saturday, so I can sleep in!
sleep over
Stay overnight at someone else's
home.
You're welcome to sleep over if you don't want
to drive in this weather.
slip up Make a mistake
You slipped up there! His name is Alex, not
Alan!
sober up
Get rid of the effects of too much
alcohol
Jack went for a long walk to sober up.
sort out Organize, resolve a problem Students should sort out their books at the end


of the school year.
stand for
1) Represent, mean
2) Tolerate
1) VATstands for value added tax.
2) I'm not going to stand for such behaviour!
stand up Rise from a sitting position
The pupils stood up when the headmaster
arrived.
stick to
Continue without changing
anything
We must decide on a plan of action and stick
toit.
stick up for Defend It's important to stick up for one's principles.
take after Resemble in appearance or character Jamie really takes after his dad.
take apart
Dismantle or separate the
components
The technician has to take the machine apartin
order to repair it.
take away
Buy food at a restaurant and carry it
elsewhere to eat it.
Two beef curries to take away please.
take away Cause something to disappear
The doctor gave me tablets to take away the
pain.
take back Agree to receive back/ be returned.
We will take back goods only if you can produce
the receipt.
take back Retract or withdraw something said I take back what I said about cheating.
take care of Look after I'll take care of your plants while you're away.
take off Leave the ground The plane took off at 7 o'clock.
take in Allow to stay in one's home She's always taking in stray cats and dogs!
take in Note with your eyes and register. She took in every detail of her rival's outfit.
take in
Understand what one sees, hears or
reads / realize what is happening.
The man immediately took in the scene and
called the police.
take on Hire or engage staff
Business is good so the company is taking
onextra staff.
take out Remove / extract She took out a pen to note the address.
take out
Invite someone to dinner, the
theatre, cinema, etc.
He took her out for a meal on her birthday.
talk into Persuade someone to do something I talked John into buying a new car.
talk out of
Persuade someone not to do
something
I tried to talk Amy out of leaving her job.
tell off Reprimand / criticize severely
The teacher told her off for not doing her
homework.
test out Carry out an experiment The theory hasn't been tested out yet.
think over Consider
I'll have to think over the proposal before I
decide.
throw away Discard as useless or unwanted. You can throw away that book - it's a load of


rubbish!
throw up Vomit / be sick
I nearly threw up when I saw the injured
passengers.
tire out Exhaust completely The children tired out their grandmother.
touch down Land on the runway The plane touched down exactly on time.
toy with Think about, without serious intent
I've been toying with the idea of starting to walk
to work.
track down Find by searching
The police finally tracked down the main
suspect.
trade in
Give as part payment for a new
article.
I traded in my car for a new model.
try on
Put on or wear something to see if it
suits
or fits
I'm not sure about the size. Can I try it on?
turn away Refuse entrance to someone
Hundreds of fans were turned away from the
football stadium.
turn down
1)Lower the volume.

2)Refuse
1)Please turn down the music; it's too
loud.
2) I couldn't turn down an offer like that!
turn off Stop by turning a switch, tap or knob. Turn off the lights please before you leave.
turn up
1) Arrive, appear

2) Raise the volume
1) She turned up an hour late.

2) Could you turn up the radio please?

Use up
Finish a product ( so that there's
none left)
The kids have used up all the toothpaste.

veer away from Avoid, stay away from I veer away from hypochondriacs if I can.
vie with Compete or rival with someone The athletes vied with each other for first place.
vouch for
Express confidence in, or guarantee
something
You can give the keys to Andy. I can vouch
forhim.

ward off
Keep away or repel (something
dangerous or unpleasant).
I take plenty of vitamin C to ward off colds.
warm up
1) Reheat something.
2) Make more lively or more
relaxed.
1) She warmed up some left-over soup.
2) He told a few jokes to warm up the
atmosphere.
wash up Wash the dishes after a meal. Who's going to help me wash up?
watch out Be careful Watch out! There's a car coming.


One-Word Substitutes:
a building where monks and nuns live and serve abbey
to give up officially some position abdicate
abeyance a temporary stoppage of accustom or law abeyance
loss of surface by rubbing or scrapping abrasion
the act of keeping away from pleasant things absistence
a word formed by taking the first letters of the names of something acronym
a person who is highly skilled in something adept
money decided to pay regularly to ones former wife or husband after having been
divorced
alimony
water down
1) Dilute or make weaker by adding
water

2) Make less severe
1) If you water down the medicine it will be
easier to take.
2) He watered down his remarks so as not
to offend anyone.
wear out
1) Become unusable
2) Become very tired
1) Julie wore out her shoes sightseeing.
2) At the end of the day Julie was worn out.
whip up Prepare quickly. I can whip up something to eat if you're hungry.
wolf down Eat greedily and quickly.
The boys wolfed down the whole cake in no
time!
work out
1) Do physical exercise
2) Find a solution or calculate
something
1) I work out twice a week at the gym club.
2) It's expensive but I haven't worked out
the exact cost yet.
wind up Finish or put an end to something
- Before winding up his speech he thanked
everyone for their presence.
- He decided to wind up his business and
retire.
wind up Arrive finally in a place.
We finally wound up in a village with a
spectacular view.
wipe off Clean (board, table) The teacher asked Lee to wipe off the board.
wrap up Cover; enclose She's busy wrapping up her Christmas presents.
wrap up Complete (a task, a discussion) The salesman hoped to wrap up a few deals.





a short interesting or amusing story about a person or event anecdote
a person whose name is not known anonymous
a person who does not believe in the existence of the god atheist
a confused sound of many people talking at the same time babble
friendly joking between the people badinage
a playful friendly exchange of remarks benter
a strong desire for possessing books bibliomania
a wooden stand on which a dead body is carried bier
words uttered impiously about god blasphemy
animal that feeds on its own species cannibal
a quack, a pretender of knowledge charlatan
one who is unreasonably and excessively loving chauvinist
a round about way of expression circumlocution
to make an unwilling person to do something by threat or force coerce
something which belongs to a person from birth concoct
place where two rivers flow together and become one confluence
something which belongs to a person from birth congenital
a solemn agreement between two individuals or among group of people covenant
a struggle or movement for the defence or advancement of an action crusade
attainment of highest point culmination
man who pays excessive attention to his appearance dandy
situation that brings action or progress to a stand still dead lock
a false belief strongly held delusion
lack of self confidence diffidence


one with uncontrollable craving for alcoholic drinks dipsomaniac
extremely dry weather without any rainfall drought
a man with abnormal qualities and habits eccentric
a person, thing or event that is mysterious and hard to understand enigma
a long narrative poem generally in many books epic
make amendments for a sin expiate
a statement which is clear explicit
a speech delivered without preparation extempore
to push or force out by pressure extrude
a person filled with excessive and mistaken enthusiasm fanatic
to surprise very much with shocked wonder flabbergast
a person who tries to win someones favour by behaving with too much respect and
obedience
flunkey
a person escaping from the law, and the police etc. fugitive
unnecessary expression of excitement fuss
the wooden frame on which murderers are used to be killed by hanging from rope gallows
trying to show unnaturally polite manners so as to appear socially important genteel
to make noise with ones teeth by biting hard in anger gnash
seeing something which is not really present hallucination
personal property that has been preserved in the family for generations heirloom
one who maliciously sets fire to property incendiary
a man can not make a mistake infallible
young person who is neither a baby nor a grown up juvenile
a compulsion to steal kleptomania
to be in a habit of weeping at the slightest provocation lachrymose


a person who knows many languages linguist
to cause something soft by being kept in water macerate
an outstanding musician maestro
avoid work by pretending illness malinger
the custom of having one wife monogamy
a declaration by government that an action will be delayed for a certain period moratorium
the practice which claims to learn about the future by talking with the dead necromancy
favour shown by a man in power to his relatives nepotism
a tall pointed stone pillar in memory or honour of a person or event obelisk
one who is all powerful omnipotent
to refuse to have social dealings with ostracize
false testimony while under oath perjury
make love without seriousness, one whose favourite recreation is lovemaking philander
theft of anothers writings and passing it off as ones own plagiarism
to lie in a flat position with the face to the ground prostrate
a person who pretends to knowledge of medicine. quack
close understanding and agreement between persons rapport
become friendly, again after a quarrel or to correct inconsistency reconcile
more than necessary redundant
a person who has to answer a charge in law suit respondent
intentional secret action to ruin and destroy intentional damage to machines and
buildings
sabotage
a holy place inside temple sanctum
speaking or writing which hurts someones feelings, especially by expressions which
mean the opposite of what is said
sarcasm


one who is made to bear blame for others scape goat
habit of walking in sleep somnambulism
a sudden rush of a large number of frightened animals, people etc stampede
one who is indifferent to pain or pleasure stoic
one who never touches strong drinks teetotaler
the length of time one holds in a office tenure
the study of religion theology
a child who has just learnt to walk toddler
final proposal which if rejected by the opposite party may lead to war ultimatum
person of low origin who has risen suddenly to wealth and importance upstart
excessively devoted to ones own wife uxorious
to be continuously changing from one opinion to the other vacillate
to clear someones charges, to prove something which was in doubt vindicate
a person who spends foolishly and carelessly wastrel
a person who worries a lot about unimportant things worrywart
practice of changing TV channels especially when the commercials are on Zapping.










WORDS OFTEN CONFUSED AND MISSPELT
Homonym
The word homonym comes from
the Greek (homonumos), meaning
"having the same name", which is
the conjunction of "homos"
(common, same) and "onoma"
(name). Thus, it refers to two or
more distinct concepts sharing the
"same name" or signifier.
A homonym is both a
homophone and a homograph!
Homophone
A homophone is a word that is pronounced the same as another word but differs in meaning The
word derives from the Greek "homo-" (same), and "phone" (voice, utterance).
Homograph
A homograph [from the Greek homs (same) and grph (write")] is a word that shares the same
written form as another word but has a different meaning. When spoken, the meanings may be
distinguished by different pronunciations, in which case the words are also heteronyms. Words with
the same writing and pronunciation (i.e. homographs and homophones) are considered homonyms
Term Meaning Spelling Pronunciation
Homonym Different Same Same
Homograph Different Same Same or different
Homophone Different Same or different Same
Heteronym Different Same Different
Heterograph Different Different Same


1. Abject miserable
2. Object purpose
3. Accede agree
4. Exceed go beyond
5. Access approach
6. Excess more than required
7. Adapt make suitable
8. Adept skill full
9. Adopt to take into ones family
10. Admission entering through a test
11. Admittance physical entry
12. Adverse - unfavourable
13. Averse - Having a dislike
14. Affect to have bad influence upon
15. Effect to cause something to happen
16. Altar a sacred platform for worship
17. Alter change
18. Alternate by turns
19. Alternative choice
20. Allusion reference
21. Illusion - False notion
22. Amiable having friendly disposition, used for persons
23. Amicable peaceful, used for solutions or relations
24. Apposite - relevant, suitable
25. Opposite - contrary
26. Assent concurrence
27. Ascent climbing up
28. Aught any thing
29. Ought must
30. Beside by the side of
31. Besides in addition to
32. Born take birth
33. Borne carry
34. Cannon a variety of gun
35. Canon religious
36. Canvas a coarse cloth
37. Canvass seek votes, carry on propaganda
38. Cease discontinue
39. Seize capture
40. Siege surround : LAY SEIGE
41. Childlike innocent
42. Childish silly
43. Compliment expression of admiration
44. Complement that which completes
45. Congenial - suitable, agreeable
46. Congenital from the birth
47. Decease stop to live
48. Disease illness
49. Deference respect
50. Difference dissimilarity
51. Desert vast sandy land
52. Dessert - a sweet dish after dinner
53. Dual - double
54. Duel a fight between two persons
55. Elicit seek the opinion of
56. Illicit illegal
57. Eminent great
58. Imminent impending
59. Immanent lying within
60. Industrious hard working
61. Industrial related to industry
62. Ingenuous innocent/frank
63. Ingenious clever
64. Metal - Substances like iron, gold etc.
65. Mettle - quality, courage
66. Official -Pertaining to an office
67. Officious -too Zealously exercising
authority
68. Popular - liked by the people
69. Populous - thickly inhabited
70. Precede to go before
71. Proceed to go on
72. Principle guiding rule
73. Principal a chief/ head
74. Stationary not moving
75. Stationery writing material
76. Story tail
77. Storey - floor
78. Suit fit
79. Suite a set of rooms
An eponym is a person (real or fictitious) from whom something is said to take its name. The
word is back-formed from "eponymous", from the Greek "eponymos" meaning "giving name".
Root, Prefix or Meaning Examples


Suffix
a, ac, ad, af, ag,
al, an, ap, as, at
to, toward, near, in
addition to, by
aside, accompany, adjust, aggression,
allocate, annihilate, affix, associate, attend,
adverb
a-, an- not, without
apolitical, atheist, anarchy, anonymous,
apathy, aphasia, anemia
ab, abs away from, off absolve, abrupt, absent
-able, -ible Adjective: worth, ability solvable, incredible
acer, acid, acri bitter, sour, sharp acerbic, acidity, acrid, acrimony
act, ag do, act, drive active, react, agent, active, agitate
acu sharp acute, acupuncture, accurate
-acy, -cy Noun: state or quality
privacy, infancy, adequacy, intimacy,
supremacy
-ade act, product, sweet drink blockade, lemonade
aer, aero air, atmosphere, aviation aerial, aerosol, aerodrome
ag, agi, ig, act do, move, go
agent, agenda, agitate, navigate,
ambiguous, action
-age
Noun: activity, or result
of action
courage, suffrage, shrinkage, tonnage
agri, agro
pertaining to fields or
soil
agriculture, agroindustry
-al
Noun: action, result of
action
referral, disavowal, disposal, festival
-al, -ial, -ical
Adjective: quality,
relation
structural, territorial, categorical
alb, albo white, without pigment albino, albite
ali, allo, alter other
alias, alibi, alien, alloy, alter, alter ego,
altruism
alt high, deep altimeter, altitude
am, ami, amor love, like, liking amorous, amiable, amicable, enamoured
ambi both ambidextrous
ambul to walk
ambulatory, amble, ambulance,
somnambulist
-an Noun: person artisan, guardian, historian, magician


ana, ano up, back, again, anew anode, anagram, anagenetic
-ance, -ence
Noun: action, state,
quality or process
resistance, independence, extravagance,
fraudulence
-ancy, -ency
Noun: state, quality or
capacity
vacancy, agency, truancy, latency
andr, andro
male, characteristics of
men
androcentric, android
ang angular angle
anim mind, life, spirit, anger animal, animate, animosity
ann, annu, enni yearly
annual, annual, annuity, anniversary,
perrenial
-ant, -ent
Noun: an agent,
something that performs
the action
disinfectant, dependent, fragrant
-ant, -ent, -ient
Adjective: kind of agent,
indication
important, dependent, convenient
ante before
anterior, anteroom, antebellum, antedate,
antecedent antediluvian
anthrop man anthropology, misanthrope, philanthropy
anti, ant against, opposite
antisocial, antiseptic, antithesis, antibody,
antinomies, antifreeze, antipathy
anti, antico old antique, antiquated, antiquity
apo, ap, aph
away from, detached,
formed
apology, apocalypse, aphagia
aqu water aqueous
-ar, -ary
Adjective: resembling,
related to
spectacular, unitary
arch chief, first, rule
archangel, architect, archaic, monarchy,
matriarchy, patriarchy, Archeozoic era
-ard, -art Noun: characterized braggart, drunkard, wizard
aster, astr star
aster, asterisk, asteroid, astronomy,
astronaut
-ate
Noun: state, office,
fuction
candidate, electorate, delegate
-ate Verb: cause to be graduate, ameliorate, amputate, colligate


-ate Adjective: kind of state inviolate
-ation
Noun: action, resulting
state
specialization, aggravation, alternation
auc, aug, aut to originate, to increase augment , author, augment, auction
aud, audi, aur,
aus
to hear, listen
audience, audio, audible, auditorium,
audiovisual, audition, auricular, ausculate
aug, auc increase augur, augment, auction
aut, auto self
automobile, automatic, automotive,
autograph, autonomous, autoimmune
bar weight, pressure barometer
be
on, around, over, about,
excessively, make,
cause, name, affect
berate, bedeck, bespeak, belittle, beleaguer
belli war rebellion, belligerent, casus belli, bellicose
bene good, well, gentle
benefactor, beneficial, benevolent,
benediction, beneficiary, benefit
bi, bine two
biped, bifurcate, biweekly, bivalve,
biannual
bibl, bibli,
biblio
book bibliophile, bibliography, Bible
bio, bi life
biography, biology, biometricsm biome,
biosphere
brev short abbreviate, brevity, brief
cad, cap, cas,
ceiv, cept, capt,
cid, cip
to take, to seize, to hold
receive, deceive, capable, capacious,
captive, accident, capture, occasion,
concept, intercept, forceps, except,
reciprocate
cad, cas to fall cadaver, cadence, cascade
-cade procession motorcade
calor heat calorie, caloric, calorimeter
capit, capt head decapitate, capital, captain, caption
carn flesh carnivorous, incarnate, reincarnation, carnal
cat, cata, cath down, with catalogue, category, catheter
caus, caut burn, heat caustic, cauldron, cauterize


cause, cuse, cus cause, motive because, excuse, accusation
ceas, ced, cede,
ceed, cess
to go, to yield, move, go,
surrender
succeed, proceed, precede, recede,
secession, exceed, succession
cent hundred centennial, century, centipede
centr, centri center
eccentricity, centrifugal, concentric,
eccentric
chrom color
chrome, chromosome, polychrome,
chromatic
chron time
chronology, chronic, chronicle
chronometer, anachronism, synchronize
cide, cis, cise to kill, to cut, cut down
fratricide, homicide, incision, incision,
circumcision, scissors
circum around
circumnavigate, circumflex, circumstance,
circumcision, circumference, circumorbital,
circumlocution, circumvent, circumscribe,
circulatory
cit call, start incite, citation, cite
civ citizen civic, civil, civilian, civilization
clam, claim cry out
exclamation, clamor, proclamation,
reclamation, acclaim
clin lean, bend decline, aclinic, inclination
clud, clus claus to close, shut
include, exclude, clause, claustrophobia,
enclose, exclusive, reclusive, conclude
co, cog, col,
coll, con, com,
cor
with, together
cohesiveness, cognate, collaborate,
convene, commitment, compress,
contemporary, converge, compact,
confluence, convenient, concatenate,
conjoin, combine, correct
cogn, gnos to know
recognize, cognizant, diagnose, agnostic,
incognito, prognosis
com, con fully
complete, compel, conscious, condense,
confess, confirm
contr, contra,
counter
against, opposite
contradict, counteract, contravene,
contrary, counterspy, contrapuntal
cord, cor, cardi heart
cordial, concord, discord, courage,
encourage


corp body
corporation, corporal punishment, corpse,
corpulent, corpus luteum
cort correct escort, cortage
cosm universe, world
cosmos, microcosm, cosmopolitan,
cosmonaut
cour, cur, curr,
curs
run, course occur, excursion, discourse, courier, course
crat, cracy rule autocrat, aristocrat, theocracy, technocracy
cre, cresc, cret,
crease
grow create, crescent, accretion, increase
crea create creature, recreation, creation
cred believe
creed, credo, credence, credit, credulous,
incredulous, incredible
cresc, cret,
crease, cru
rise, grow
crescendo, concrete, increase, decrease,
accrue
crit separate, choose critical, criterion, hypocrite
cur, curs run
current, concurrent, concur, incur, recur,
occur, courier, precursor, cursive
cura care curator, curative, manicure
cycl, cyclo wheel, circle, circular Cyclops, unicycle, bicycle, cyclone, cyclic
de-
from, down, away, to do
the opposite, reverse,
against
detach, deploy, derange, decrease,
deodorize, devoid, deflate, degenerate
dec, deca ten, ten times
decimal, decade, decalogue, decimate,
decathlon
dec, dign suitable decent decorate dignity
dei, div God divinity, divine, deity, divination, deify
dem, demo
people, populace,
population
democracy, demography, demagogue,
epidemic
dent, dont tooth dental, denture, orthodontist, periodontal
derm skin, covering
hypodermic, dermatology, epidermis,
taxidermy
di-, dy- two, twice, double divide, diverge, diglycerides
dia through, across, between
diameter, diagonal, dialogue dialect,
dialectic, diagnosis, diachronic


dic, dict, dit say, speak
dictation, dictionary, dictate, dictator,
Dictaphone, edict, predict, verdict,
contradict, benediction
dis, dif
not, opposite of, reverse,
separate, deprive of,
away
dismiss, differ, disallow, disperse, dissuade,
divide, disconnect, disproportion,
disrespect, distemper, disarray
dit give credit, audit
doc, doct teach, prove
docile, doctor, doctrine, document, dogma,
indoctrinate
domin
master, that which is
under control
dominate, dominion, predominant, domain
don give donate, condone
dorm sleep dormant, dormitory
dox thought, opinion, praise orthodox, heterodox, paradox, doxology
-drome run, step syndrome, aerodrome, velodrome
duc, duct to lead, pull
produce, abduct, product, transducer,
viaduct, aqueduct, induct, deduct, reduce,
induce
dura hard, lasting durable, duration, endure
dynam power
dynamo, dynamic, dynamite,
hydrodynamics
dys-
bad, abnormal, difficult,
impaired, unfavorable
dysfunctional, dyslexia, dyspathy
e-
not, missing, out, fully,
away, computer network
related
emit, embed, eternal,ether, erase, email, e-
tailer
ec- out of, outside
echo, eclipse, eclectic, ecesis, ecstasy,
exzema
eco-
household, environment,
relating to ecology or
economy
ecology, economize, ecospheres,
ecomanagement
ecto- outside, external ectomorph, ectoderm, ectoplasm
-ed Verb: past tense dressed, faded, patted, closed, introduced
-ed
Adjective: having the
quality or characteristics
of
winged, moneyed, dogged, tiered


-en
Verb: to cause to
become
lengthen, moisten, sharpen
-en Adjective: material golden, woolen, silken
en-, em-
put into, make, provide
with, surround with
enamor, embolden, enslave, empower,
entangle
-ence, -ency
Noun: action or process,
quality or state
reference, emergency, dependence,
eminence, latency
end- inside, within
endorse, endocardial, endergonic,
endoskeleton, endoscope, endogenous
epi-
upon, close to, over,
after, altered
epicenter, epicarp, epilogue, epigone,
epidiorite
equi- equal
equidistant, equilateral, equilibrium,
equinox, equation, equator
-er, -ier Adjective: comparative better, brighter, sooner, hotter, happier
-er, -or
Noun: person or thing
that does something
flyer, reporter, player, member, fryer,
collector, concentrator
-er, -or Verb: action ponder, dishonor, clamor
erg work, effect
energy, erg, allergy, ergometer, ergograph,
ergophobia
-ery
collective qualities, art,
practice, trade,
collection, state,
condition
snobbery, bakery, geenery, gallery, slavery
-es, -ies
Noun: plural of most
nouns ending in -ch, -s, -
sh, -o and -z and some in
-f and -y
passes, glasses, ladies, heroes
-es, -ies
Verb: third person
singular present
indicative of verbs that
end in -ch, -s, -sh, - and
some in -y
blesses, hushes, fizzes, defies
-ess female actress, goddess, poetess
-est, -iest
Adjective or Adverb:
superlative
latest, strongest, luckiest, lyingest
ev-, et- time, age medieval, eternal
ex- out of, away from, exit, exhale, exclusive, exceed, explosion,


lacking, former ex-mayor
exter-, extra-,
extro-
outside of, beyond
external, extrinsic, extraordinary,
extrapolate, extraneous, extrovert
fa, fess speak
fable, fabulous, fame, famous, confess,
profess
fac, fact, fec,
fect, fic, fas, fea
do, make
difficult, fashion, feasible, feature, factory,
fact, effect, manufacture, amplification,
confection
fall, fals deceive fallacy, falsify, fallacious
femto quadrillionth femtosecond
fer bear, carry
ferry, coniferous, fertile, defer, infer, refer,
transfer
fic, feign, fain,
fit, feat
shape, make, fashion fiction, faint, feign
fid belief, faith confide, diffident, fidelity
fid, fide, feder faith, trust
confidante, fidelity, confident, infidelity,
infidel, federal, confederacy, semper fi
fig shape, form figurem, effigy, figure, figment
fila, fili thread filigree, filament, filter, filet, filibuster
fin end, ended, finished
final, finite, finish, confine, fine, refine,
define, finale
fix repair, attach fix, fixation, fixture, affix, prefix, suffix
flex, flect bend
flex, reflex, flexible, flexor, inflexibility,
reflect, deflect,circumflex
flict strike affliction, conflict, inflict
flu, fluc, fluv,
flux
flow
influence, fluid, flue, flush, fluently,
fluctuate, reflux, influx
-fold
Adverb: in a manner of,
marked by
fourfold
for, fore before forecast, fortune, foresee
forc, fort strength, strong
effort, fort, forte, fortifiable, fortify, forte,
fortitude
form shape, resemble
form, format, conform, formulate, perform,
formal, formula
fract, frag, frai break fracture, infraction, fragile, fraction, refract,


frail
fuge flee subterfuge, refuge, centrifuge
-ful
Noun: an amount or
quanity that fills
mouthful
-ful
Adjective: having,
giving, marked by
fanciful
fuse pour confuse, transfuse
-fy make, form into falsify, dandify
gam marriage bigamy, monogamy, polygamy
gastr, gastro stomach gastric, gastronomic, gastritis, gastropod
gen kind generous
gen birth, race, produce
genesis, genetics, eugenics, genealogy,
generate, genetic, antigen, pathogen
geo earth geometry, geography, geocentric, geology
germ vital part germination, germ, germane
gest carry, bear congest, gestation
giga billion gigabyte, gigaflop
gin careful gingerly
gloss, glot tongue glossary, polyglot, epiglottis
glu, glo lump, bond, glue glue, agglutinate, conglomerate
gor
to gather, to bring
together
category, categorize
grad, gress,
gree
to gather, to bring
together, step, go
grade, degree, progress, gradual, graduate,
egress
graph, gram,
graf
write, written, draw
graph, graphic, autograph, photography,
graphite, telegram, polygraph, grammar,
biography, lithograph, graphic
grat pleasing congratulate, gratuity, grateful, ingrate
grav heavy, weighty grave, gravity, aggravate, gravitate
greg herd
gregarious, congregation, segregate,
gregarian
hale, heal make whole, sound inhale, exhale, heal, healthy, healthiness
helio sun heliograph, heliotrope, heliocentric


hema, hemo blood
hemorrhage, hemoglobin, hemophilia,
hemostat
her, here, hes stick
adhere, cohere, cohesion, inherent,
hereditary, hesitate
hetero other, different
heterodox, heterogeneous, heterosexual,
heterodyne
hex, ses, sex six hexagon, hexameter, sestet, sextuplets
homo same
homogenize, homosexual, homonym,
homophone
hum, human earth, ground, man humus, exhume, humane
hydr, hydra,
hydro
water
dehydrate, hydrant, hydraulic, hydraulics,
hydrogen, hydrophobia
hyper over, above
hyperactive, hypertensive, hyperbolic,
hypersensitive, hyperventilate, hyperkinetic
hypn sleep hypnosis, hypnotherapy
-ia Noun: names, diseases phobia
-ian, an
Noun: related to, one
that is
pedestrian, human
-iatry Noun: art of healing psychiatry
-ic
Adjective: quality,
relation
generic
-ic, ics
Noun: related to the arts
and sciences
arithmetic, economics
-ice Noun: act malice
-ify Verb: cause specify
ignis fire ignite, igneous, ignition
-ile
Adjective: having the
qualities of
projectile
in, im into, on, near, towards instead, import
in, im, il, ir not
illegible, irresolute, inaction, inviolate,
innocuous, intractable, innocent,
impregnable, impossible, imposter
infra beneath infrared, infrastructure
-ing
Noun: material made
for, activity, result of an
flooring, swimming, building


activity
-ing Verb: present participle depicting
-ing Adjective: activity cohering
inter between, among
international, intercept, interject,
intermission, internal, intermittent,
intra
within, during, between
layers, underneath
intramural, intranet, intranatal
intro into, within, inward
interoffice, introvert, introspection,
introduce
-ion
Noun: condition or
action
abduction
-ish
Adjective: having the
character of
newish
-ism
Noun: doctrine, belief,
action or conduct
formalism
-ist Noun: person or member podiatrist
-ite Noun: state or quality graphite
-ity, ty Noun: state or quality lucidity, novelty
-ive Noun: condition native
-ive, -ative, -
itive
Adjective: having the
quality of
festive, cooperative, sensitive
-ize Verb: cause fantasize
jac, ject throw
reject, eject, project, trajectory, interject,
dejected, inject, ejaculate, adjacent
join, junct join
adjoining, enjoin, juncture, conjunction,
injunction, conjunction
judice judge prejudice
jug, junct, just to join junction, adjust, conjugal
juven young juvenile, rejuvenate
labor work laborious, belabor
lau, lav, lot, lut wash launder, lavatory, lotion, ablution, dilute
lect, leg, lig
choose, gather, select,
read
collect, legible, eligible
leg law legal, legislate, legislature, legitimize


-less
Adjective: without,
missing
motiveless
levi light alleviate, levitate, levity
lex, leag, leg law legal, college, league
liber, liver free liberty, liberal, liberalize, deliverance
lide strike collide, nuclide
liter letters
literary, literature, literal, alliteration,
obliterate
loc, loco place, area
location, locally, locality, allocate,
locomotion
log, logo, ology
word, study, say, speech,
reason, study
catalog, prologue, dialogue, zoology, logo
loqu, locut talk, speak
eloquent, loquacious, colloquial,
circumlocution
luc, lum, lun,
lus, lust
light
translucent, luminary, luster, luna,
illuminate, illustrate
lude play prelude
-ly
Adverb: in the manner
of
fluently
macr-, macer lean emaciated, meager
magn great
magnify, magnificent, magnanimous,
magnate, magnitude, magnum
main strength, foremost mainstream, mainsail, domain, remain
mal bad, badly
malformation, maladjusted, dismal,
malady, malcontent,malfunction,
malfeasance, maleficent
man, manu hand, make, do
manual, manage, manufacture, manacle,
manicure, manifest, maneuver, emancipate,
management
mand command mandatory, remand, mandate
mania madness mania, maniac, kleptomania, pyromania
mar, mari, mer sea, pool marine, marsh, maritime, mermaid
matri mother matrimony, maternal, matriarchate, matron
medi
half, middle, between,
halfway
mediate, medieval, Mediterranean,
mediocre, medium


mega great, million
megaphone, megaton, megaflop,
megalomaniac, megabyte, megalopolis
mem recall, remember
memo, commemoration, memento,
memoir, memorable
ment mind mental, mention
-ment
Noun: condition or
result
document
meso middle mesomorph, mesoamerica, mesosphere
meta beyond, change
metaphor, metamorphosis, metabolism,
metahistorical, metainformation
meter measure
meter, voltammeter, barometer,
thermometer
metr admeasure, apportion metrics, asymmetric, parametric, telemetry
micro small, millionth
microscope, microfilm, microcard,
microwave, micrometer, microvolt
migra wander migrate, emigrant, immigrate
mill, kilo thousand millennium, kilobyte, kiloton
milli thousandth millisecond, milligram, millivolt
min little, small minute, minor, minuscule
mis wrong, bad, badly
misconduct, misinform, misinterpret,
mispronounce, misnomer, mistake,
misogynist
mit, miss send
emit, remit, submit, admit, commit, permit,
transmit, omit, intermittent, mission,
missile
mob, mov, mot move motion, remove, mobile, motor
mon warn, remind
monument, admonition, monitor,
premonition
mono one
monopoly, monotype, monologue,
mononucleosis, monorail, monotheist,
mor, mort mortal, death
mortal, immortal, mortality, mortician,
mortuary
morph shape, form
amorphous, dimorphic, metamorphosis,
morphology, polymorphic, morpheme,
amorphous


multi many, much
multifold, multilingual, multiped, multiply,
multitude, multipurpose, multinational
nano billionth nanosecond, nanobucks
nasc, nat, gnant,
nai
to be born nascent, native, pregnant, naive
nat, nasc
to be from, to spring
forth
innate, natal, native, renaissance
neo new
Neolithic, nuveau riche, neologism,
neophyte, neonate
-ness
Noun: state, condition,
quality
kindness
neur nerve
neuritis, neuropathic, neurologist, neural,
neurotic
nom law, order
autonomy, astronomy, gastronomy,
economy
nom, nym name nominate, synonym
nomen, nomin name nomenclature, nominate, ignominious
non nine nonagon
non not
nonferrous, nonsense, nonabrasive,
nondescript
nov new novel, renovate, novice, nova, innovate
nox, noc night nocturnal, equinox, noctilucent
numer number
numeral, numeration, enumerate,
innumerable
numisma coin numismatics
ob, oc, of, op
toward, against, in the
way
oppose, occur, offer, obtain
oct eight octopus, octagon, octogenarian, octave
oligo few, little
Oligocene, oligosaccharide, oligotrophic,
oligarchy
omni all, every
omnipotent, omniscient, omnipresent,
omnivorous
onym name
anonymous, pseudonym, antonym,
synonym
oper work operate, cooperate, opus


-or
Noun: condition or
activity
valor, honor, humor, minor
ortho straight, correct
orthodox, orthodontist, orthopedic,
unorthodox
-ory
Noun: place for, serves
for
territory, rectory
-ous, -eous, -
ose, -ious
Adjective: having the
quality of, relating to
adventurous, courageous, verbose, fractious
over excessive, above overwork, overall, overwork
pac peace pacifist, pacify, pacific ocean
pair, pare
arrange, assemblage,
two
repair, impair, compare, prepare
paleo old
Paleozoic, Paleolithic, paleomagnetism,
paleopsychology
pan all
Pan-American, pan-African, panacea,
pandemonium (place of all the demons),
para beside
paradox, paraprofessional, paramedic,
paraphrase, parachute
pat, pass, path feel, suffer patient, passion, sympathy, pathology
pater, patr father
paternity, patriarch, patriot, patron,
patronize
path, pathy feeling, suffering
pathos, sympathy, antipathy, apathy,
telepathy
ped, pod foot
pedal, impede, pedestrian, centipede,
tripod, podiatry, antipode, podium
pedo child orthopedic, pedagogue, pediatrics
pel, puls drive, push, urge
compel, dispel, expel, repel, propel, pulse,
impulse, pulsate, compulsory, expulsion,
repulsive
pend, pens,
pond
hang, weigh
pendant, pendulum, suspend, appendage,
pensive, append
per through, intensive
persecute, permit, perspire, perforate,
persuade
peri around periscope, perimeter, perigee, periodontal
phage eat macrophage, bacteriophage


phan, phas,
phen, fan,
phant, fant
show, make visible phantom, fantasy
phe speak
blaspheme, cipher, phenomenon,
philosopher
phil love
philosopher, philanthropy, philharmonic,
bibliophile
phlegma inflammation phlegm, phlegmatic
phobia, phobos fear
phobia, claustrophobia, acrophobia,
aquaphobia, ergophobia, homophobia
phon sound
telephone, phonics, phonograph, phonetic,
homophone, microphone, symphony,
euphonious
phot, photo light
photograph, photoelectric, photogenic,
photosynthesis, photon
pico trillionth picofarad, picocurie, picovolt
pict paint, show, draw picture, depict
plac, plais please placid, placebo, placate, complacent
pli, ply fold reply, implicate, ply
plore cry out, wail implore, exploration, deploring
plu, plur, plus more plural, pluralist, plus
pneuma,
pneumon
breath pneumatic, pneumonia,
pod foot, feet podiatry, tripod
poli city
metropolis, police, politics, Indianapolis,
megalopolis, acropolis
poly many
polytheist, polygon, polygamy,
polymorphous
pon, pos, pound place, put
postpone, component, opponent, proponent,
expose, impose, deposit, posture, position,
expound, impound
pop people population, populous, popular
port carry
porter, portable, transport, report, export,
import, support, transportation
portion part, share portion, proportion


post after, behind postpone, postdate
pot power potential, potentate, impotent
pre, pur before precede
prehendere seize, grasp
apprehend, comprehend, comprehensive,
prehensile
prin, prim,
prime
first
primacy, prima donna, primitive, primary,
primal, primeval, prince, principal
pro for, foward propel
proto first
prototype, protocol, protagonist, protozoan,
Proterozoic, protoindustrial
psych mind, soul psyche, psychiatry, psychology, psychosis
punct point, dot
punctual, punctuation, puncture,
acupuncture, punctuation
pute think dispute, computer
quat, quad four quadrangle, quadruplets
quint, penta five
quintet, quintuplets, pentagon, pentane,
pentameter
quip ship equip, equipment
quir, quis,
quest, quer
seek, ask query, inquire, exquisite, quest
re back, again report, realign, retract, revise, regain
reg, recti straighten
regiment, regular, rectify, correct, direct,
rectangle
retro backwards
retrorocket, retrospect, retrogression,
retroactive
ri, ridi, risi laughter deride, ridicule, ridiculous, derision, risible
rog, roga ask prerogative, interrogation, derogatory
rupt break rupture, interrupt, abrupt, disrupt, ruptible
sacr, sanc, secr sacred
sacred, sacrosanct, sanction, consecrate,
desecrate
salv, salu safe, healthy salvation, salvage, salutation
sanct holy
sanctify, sanctuary, sanction,
sanctimonious, sacrosanct
sat, satis enough satient, saturate, satisfy


sci, scio,
scientia
know science, conscious, omniscient, cognocienti
scope see, watch
telescope, microscope, kaleidoscope,
periscope, stethoscope
scrib, script write
scribe, scribble, inscribe, describe,
subscribe, prescribe, manuscript
se apart, move away from secede
sect, sec cut intersect, transect, dissect, secant, section
sed, sess, sid sit
sediment, session, obsession, possess,
preside, president, reside, subside
semi half, partial
semifinal, semiconscious, semiannual,
semimonthly, semicircle
sen, scen old, grow old
senior, senator, senile, senescence,
evanescent
sent, sens feel, think
sentiment, consent, resent, dissent,
sentimental, sense, sensation, sensitive,
sensory, dissension
sept seven septet, septennial
sequ, secu, sue follow
sequence, consequence, sequel, subsequent,
prosecute, consecutive, second, ensue,
pursue
serv save, serve, keep
servant, service, subservient, servitude,
preserve, conserve, reservation, deserve,
conservation, observe
-ship Noun: status, condition relationship, friendship
sign, signi sign, mark, seal
signal, signature, design, insignia,
significant
simil, simul like, resembling
similar, assimilate, simulate, simulacrum,
simultaneous
sist, sta, stit
stand, withstand, make
up
assist, insist, persist, circumstance, stamina,
status, state, static, stable, stationary,
substitute
soci to join, companions sociable, society
sol, solus alone
solo, soliloquy, solitaire, solitude, solitary,
isolate
solv, solu, solut loosen, explain solvent, solve, absolve, resolve, soluble,


solution, resolution, resolute, dissolute,
absolution
somn sleep insomnia, somnambulist
soph wise
sophomore (wise fool), philosophy,
sophisticated
spec, spect, spi,
spic
look, see
specimen, specific, spectator, spectacle,
aspect, speculate, inspect, respect, prospect,
retrospective, introspective, expect,
conspicuous
sper render favorable prosper
sphere ball, sphere sphere, stratosphere, hemisphere, spheroid
spir breath
spirit, conspire, inspire, aspire, expire,
perspire, respiration
stand, stant,
stab, stat, stan,
sti, sta, st, stead
stand stature, establish, stance
-ster person mobster, monster
strain, strict,
string, stige
bind, pull, draw tight
stringent, strict, restrict, constrict, restrain,
boa constrictor
stru, struct,
stroy, stry
build
construe, structure, construct, instruct,
obstruct, destruction, destroy, industry,
ministry
sub, suc, suf,
sup, sur, sus
under, below, from,
secretly, instead of
sustain, survive, support, suffice, succeed,
submerge, submarine, substandard,
subnormal, subvert
sume, sump take, use, waste consume, assume, sump, presumption
super, supra over, above
superior, suprarenal, superscript,
supernatural, superimpose, supercede
syn, sym
together, at the same
time
sympathy, synthesis, synchronous,
syndicate
tact, tang, tag,
tig, ting
touch
tactile, contact, intact, intangible, tangible,
contagious, contiguous, contingent
tain, ten, tent,
tin
hold, keep, have retain, continue, content, tenacious
tect, teg cover detect, protect, tegular, tegument
tele distance, far, from afar telephone, telegraph, telegram, telescope,


television, telephoto, telecast, telepathy,
telepathy
tem, tempo time
tempo, temporary, extemporaneously,
contemporary, pro tem, temporal
ten, tin, tain hold
tenacious, tenant, tenure, untenable,
detention, retentive, content, pertinent,
continent, obstinate, contain, abstain,
pertain, detain
tend, tent, tens stretch, strain
tendency, extend, intend, contend, pretend,
superintend, tender, extent, tension,
pretense
tera trillion terabyte, teraflop
term end, boundary, limit exterminate, terminal
terr, terra earth terrain, terrarium, territory, terrestrial
test to bear witness testament, detest, testimony, attest, testify
the, theo God, a god monotheism, polytheism, atheism, theology
therm heat
thermometer, theorem, thermal, thermos
bottle, thermostat, hypothermia
thesis, thet place, put antithesis, hypothesis, synthesis, epithet
tire draw, pull attire, retire, entire
tom cut
atom (not cutable), appendectomy,
tonsillectomy, dichotomy, anatomy
tor, tors, tort twist
torture, retort, extort, distort, contort,
torsion, tortuous, torturous
tox poison toxic, intoxicate, antitoxin
tract, tra, trai,
treat
drag, draw, pull
attract, tractor, traction, extract, retract,
protract, detract, subtract, contract,
intractable
trans across, beyond, change
transform, transoceanic, transmit,
transportation, transducer
tri three tripod, triangle, trinity, trilateral
trib pay, bestow
tribute, contribute, attribute, retribution,
tributary
tribute give contribute, distribute, tributary
turbo disturb turbulent, disturb, turbid, turmoil


typ print
type, prototype, typical, typography,
typewriter, typology, typify
ultima last ultimate, ultimatum
umber,
umbraticum
shadow
umbra, penumbra, (take) umbrage,
adumbrate
un not, against, opposite unceasing, unequal
uni one
uniform, unilateral, universal, unity,
unanimous, unite, unison, unicorn
-ure
Noun: act, condition,
process, function
exposure, conjecture, measure
vac empty
vacate, vacuum, evacuate, vacation, vacant,
vacuous
vade go evade, invader
vale, vali, valu strength, worth
equivalent, valiant, validity, evaluate,
value, valor
veh, vect to carry vector, vehicle, convection, vehement
ven, vent come
convene, intervene, venue, convenient,
avenue, circumvent, invent, convent,
venture, event, advent, prevent
ver, veri true
very, aver, verdict, verity, verify,
verisimilitude
verb, verv word verify, veracity, verbalize, verve
vert, vers turn, change
convert, revert, advertise, versatile, vertigo,
invert, reversion, extravert, introvert,
diversion, introvert, convertible, reverse,
controversy
vi way viable, vibrate, vibrant
vic, vicis change, substitute vicarious, vicar, vicissitude
vict, vinc conquer victor, evict, convict, convince, invincible
vid, vis see
video, evident, provide, providence, visible,
revise, supervise, vista, visit, vision,
review, indivisible
viv, vita, vivi alive, life
revive, survive, vivid, vivacious, vitality,
vivisection, vital, vitamins, revitalize
voc, voke call
vocation, avocation, convocation,
invocation, evoke, provoke, revoke,


advocate, provocative, vocal
vol will malevolent, benevolent, volunteer, volition
volcan fire volcano, vulcanize, Vulcan
volv, volt, vol turn about, roll
revolve, voluble, voluminous, convolution,
revolt, evolution
vor eat greedily
voracious, carnivorous, herbivorous,
omnivorous, devour
-ward
Adverb: in a direction or
manner
homeward
-wise
Adverb: in the manner
of, with regard to
timewise, clockwise, bitwise
with against withhold, without, withdraw, forthwith
-y
Noun: state, condition,
result of an activity
society, victory
-y
Adjective: marked by,
having
hungry, angry, smeary, teary
zo animal zoo (zoological garden), zoology,