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HANDBOOK
Handbook provided courtesy of LowestPriceTrafficSchool.com
Now Providing Learners Permit Testing Online
The inclusion of advertising does not constitute an
endorsement or the accuracy of the ad by the State of
Florida or the Florida Department of Highway Safety &
Motor Vehicles of the products or services advertised.
In 2009, speeding was a
contributing factor in 31 percent
of all fatal crashes, and 10,591
lives were lost in speeding-
related crashes.
Source: Department of Transporation
Sponsored by
Get Your Written Permit Test Online!
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Advertisement
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The department may issue an electronic title in lieu of a
paper title. The department may collect electronic mail
address and use electronic mail in lieu of the United States
Postal Service except for notices regarding forfeiture or
foreclosure.
319.40(2) & (3)
A nonresident driver must have in his/her possession a valid
driver license from another state or territory of the U.S. or
an international driving permit issued by his/her country of
residence and a valid license from that country.
322.04
Specialty driver licenses may be created for Florida
professional sports teams, all branches of the military and all
colleges and universities. The additional fee for a specialty
driver license is $25.00.
322.1415 & 322.21(1)
It is unlawful to alter a temporary license plate.
322.061
The department may issue or renew an identifcation card to
a person who presents evidence that he or she is homeless
without payment of the fee required in s.
322.21. 322.051(1).
Message from the Director
The Department of Highway Safety and Motor Vehicles touches
the lives of nearly every Floridian and visitor to our great state.
All members of the Department are devoted to achieving our
vision of a safer Florida, and we are proud to serve you. We are
focused and committed to proactively protecting our roadways;
enhancing online services; increasing strategic relationships with
stakeholders; improving customer service; measuring critical
business indicators and managing based on those results.
This drivers handbook provides some basic information you will
need to be a safe driver and understand Floridas trafc laws and
regulations. This knowledge, along with driving experience and
your sense of responsibility while driving can help protect you,
your family, your friends and other highway users.
As a Department, we will continue to make doing business
with us easier, faster and better. Safe and considerate driving is
everyones responsibility and we wish you many years of happy
and safe driving.
Clayton Boyd Walden, Director
Division of Motorist Services
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Disclaimer
The Florida Drivers Handbook covers many condensed and
paraphrased points of Floridas laws and provides safety
advice not covered in the laws. The handbook is not a legal
authority and should not be used in a court of law. The
Florida Drivers Handbook is printed in volume and copies
already obtained will not refect any changes made by
Legislature regarding fees or laws passed after the revision
date.
Remember Driving Is A Privilege and Not A Right. Protect
Yourself and Others By Knowing The Laws and Driving
Safely.
Warning
Under section 322.212 (5), Florida Statutes, it is a third degree
felony to use a false or fctitious name in any application
for a driver license or identifcation card, or to knowingly
make a false statement, knowingly conceal a material fact, or
otherwise commit a fraud in any such application.
Violators face immediate arrest and, upon conviction,
penalties up to a maximum fne of $5,000 and imprisonment
up to 5 years.
The Department will suspend the driving privilege for one
year of any person who makes a fraudulent application for a
Florida driver license.
Under section 322.36, Florida Statutes, it is unlawful for any
person to authorize or knowingly permit a motor vehicle to
be operated by any person who does not hold a valid driver
license.
Public Records
Florida law and sound records management practices
require the collection of certain personal information in the
driver licensing process. This personal information identifes
an individual and is used for records management, driver
improvement, fnancial responsibility, and law enforcement
purposes.
Failure to provide the required information will result in
denial of a license or identifcation card. Falsifcation of
information may result in prosecution. Florida law specifes
that all documents or other material made or received in
connection with the transaction of ofcial business by any
agency are public records. In addition to all documents,
information taken from them is subject to public disclosure
under Floridas Public Records law. This personal information,
including name, address and driver license number is
confdential by law, but may be given to law enforcement
agencies, insurance companies, credit bureaus, lending
institutions, and any other entity exempted by statute.
Medical information, social security number and emergency
contact information are further protected and may only be
released as specifcally authorized by Florida law.
The Division of Motorist Services strives to ensure the accuracy of
information obtained in the licensing process and makes every
efort to correct any incorrect information in its fles. Incorrect
information may be corrected by supplying your complete
name, date of birth, driver license number, information on the
nature of the error and proof that it is an error to the Chief,
Bureau of Records, Neil Kirkman Building, MS 89, Tallahassee,
Florida 32399-0575, or telephone (850) 617-2000. Certain
information, such as conviction reports received from a court,
can only be corrected upon notifcation from the court that the
report was in error.
Automobile insurance information is exempt from the Public
Records Law. This information is provided to any party
involved in the crash, their attorney or insurance company, law
enforcement agencies and ofcers of the court, after receiving a
written request and copy of the crash report.
Important Law Changes
All crashes occurring on the public roadways of the
state, not requiring a long-form shall require the use of a
short-form or driver exchange form and submitted to the
Department of Highway Safety and Motor Vehicles.
316.066(1)(c)(f )
Beginning October 1, 2012 a disabled parking permit may
only be renewed if the person provides a certifcate of
disability issued within the last 12 months.
320.0848(1)(d)
Veterans not eligible for early renewal of the driver license
or identifcaton card may make application for the V
designation upon payment of a $2.00 fee as long as the
applicant is not conducting any other transactions. The
replacement driver license or identifcation card fee is
waived, however the service fee will apply.
322.051 & 322.14
Applicants for temporary commercial driving permits must
possess a valid Florida driver license.
322.07
In conjunction with s 316.212 F.S., golf carts may cross the
State Highway System if the posted speed limit is 45 mph or
less. In addition, golf carts and utility vehicles may operate
on sidewalks adjacent to the state highway only if they yield
to pedestrians and the sidewalk is at least 5 feet wide.
316.2126(1)
Parent or legal guardians may not leave a child unattended
in a motor vehicle for any period of time if the vehicle is
running and the child appears to be in distress.
316.6135(1)(b)
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FLORIDA DRIVER HANDBOOK TABLE OF CONTENTS
SECTION1 - DHSMV CONTACT INFORMATION SECTION5 - DRIVINGSAFETY
DHSMV Contact Information 1 Defensive Driving 22
Appointment Information 1 Safety Belts 23
Emergency Contact Information 1 Protecting Children 24
Organ Donor Program 1 Speed Limits 24
Move Over Law 1 Right-of-Way 29
DOT 511 Program 2 Making Turns 30
Driving Transcripts 2 Parking 31
Crash Reports 2 Passing 33
Expressway Driving 33
SECTION2 - THE FLORIDA DRIVER LICENSE Animals 34
Defnitions 3 Handling Emergencies 34
Classifed Driver Licenses 4
Who Needs a Florida License 5 SECTION6 - SHARINGTHE ROAD
Who Does Not Need a Florida License 5 Pedestrians 37
Identifcation Requirements 5 Bicycles 37
Non U.S. Citizens 5 Motorcycles 39
Social Security Requirements 6 School Buses 39
Address Requirements 7 Trucks 40
Vision Requirements 7 Golf Carts 41
Parental Consent 7
Examinations 7 SECTION7 - SIGNALS, SIGNS AND PAVEMENT MARKINGS
Restrictions and Endorsements 9 Trafc Signals 42
Sexual Ofenders/Predators & Career Ofender 10 Trafc Signs 43
Voluntary Contributions 11 Railroad Crossing Signs and Signals 47
License Fees 11 Drawbridge Signs and Signals 47
Special Signs 47
SECTION3 - OBTAININGYOUR LICENSE / ID CARD Pavement Markings 48
Learners License 12
Original Class E License 12 SECTION8 - VEHICLE EQUIPMENT
License Renewal 13 Equipment Standards 50
License Replacement 14 Bumper Height Requirements 51
Motorcycle Only License 15 Limitations on Towing 52
Motorcycle Also License 15 Anti-lock Braking 52
Identifcation Cards 15 Vehicle Licensing 53
SECTION4 - DRIVINGPRIVILEGE SECTION9 - DRIVINGSCHOOL PROVIDERS
Revocation, Suspension, & Cancellation 16 Trafc Law Substance Abuse Education 54
The Point System 16 Third Party Tester Driver License Exams 54
Driving While Impaired 17 Advanced Driver Improvement 54
Insurance Laws 19 Basic Driver Improvement 54
Crashes 21 DUI 55
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Section 1 - DHSMV Contact Information
1.1 - Contact Information
Customer Service Center (850) 617-2000
DHSMV Ofcial Web Site www.fhsmv.gov
Gather Go Get GatherGoGet.com
Find out what you need to bring with you before you make the trip. (850) 617-3995
DHSMV Virtual Ofce (online transactions) GoRenew.com
1.2 - Appointments
Appointments are recommended for any of the services provided by the driver license ofces. Appointment scheduling and a listing of driver
license ofces are available on our homepage at https://services.fhsmv.gov/Oasis/. Schedule your appointment in advance and report at least
fve minutes before your scheduled time.
1.3 - Emergency Contact Information
In an emergency situation could law enforcement personnel contact someone for you? They could if you had
entered your information onto the emergency contact information system. The system allows Floridians to
voluntarily provide emergency contact information online, giving law enforcement immediate access to this
information and making it easier for them to speak with someone quicker in case of emergency.
If you have a Florida driver license or identifcation card, you can go online at https://services.fhsmv.gov/eci/
and enter your emergency contact information. This information is available to law enforcement ofcers
through a secure, webbased system and, by law, can only be used in the event of an emergency.
1.4 - Florida Organ and Tissue Donor Program
Donate Life Florida is the non-proft 501(c)3 organization contracted by the State of Florida, Agency for Health
Care Administration to create and oversee the states organ, eye, and tissue donor registry in addition to
implementing educational initiatives tailored to increase understanding and support for donation and donor
designation.
The Joshua Abbott Organ & Tissue Donor Registry was created in July 2009 to allow Floridians an easy, userfriendly
means of joining the states Registry. Floridians can join the Registry online at www.DonateLifeFlorida.org, when
renewing their driver license online, or when obtaining/renewing their license at a local driver license ofce.
Individuals can also request a registration form by calling Donate Life Florida at 1-877-FL-SHARE (1-877-357-
4273).
Individuals that already haveorgan donor on their licenses are still encouraged to join the new Registry, ensuring their
wishes are documented. Today, more than 100,000 children and adults await lifesaving organ transplants while hundreds of thousands
more are in need of tissue transplants. Together, we can make a diference.
HowCan You Help?
1. Learn the facts about organ, eye and tissue donation.
2. Designate your wishes by joining the Joshua Abbott Organ & Tissue Donor Registry at www.DonateLifeFlorida.org.
3. Spread the word about the importance of donation and donor designation with family and friends.
4. Get involved as a volunteer, contribute fnancially in support of the Registry or statewide educational initiatives, or request a speaker by calling
Donate Life Florida at 1-877-FL-SHARE .
5. ALL OF THE ABOVE
1.5 - Floridas Move Over Law
Floridas Move Over Law protects law enforcement ofcers, emergency workers and tow truck drivers stopped along roadways while perform-
ing their jobs. Violating the Move Over Law puts both yourself and a public safety professional at risk of injury or death and can result in fnes and
points on your license.
On a two-lane roadway, you are required to slow to a speed that is 20 miles per hour less than the posted speed limit.
If the speed limit is 20 miles per hour or less, you must slow down to fve miles per hour.
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You may purchase an uncertifed copy of your driving transcript from the driver license and tax collector ofces that ofer driver license services.
Certifed copies of your driving transcript are available through the Clerk of the Court or the Bureau of Records. To obtain a certifed copy of a
driving transcript in the mail, submit a written request that includes your full name, date of birth or approximate age, social security number,
Florida driver license number (if available) and the address where to send the record, along with the appropriate fee to:
Bureau of Records
P.O. Box 5775
Tallahassee, Florida 32314-5775
If you are driving on an interstate or roadway with multiple lanes of travel in the same direction, and you approach an emergency or law
enforcement vehicle parked along the roadway, you must vacate the lane closest to that vehicle as soon as it is safe to do so. If you are not able
to safely move over, you must slow down to a speed of 20 MPH below the posted speed limit unless directed otherwise by a law enforcement
ofcer.
For more information, please visit www.fhsmv.gov/fhp.
1.6 - Florida Department of Transportations Free 511 Trafc Information Service
The Florida Department of Transportations (FDOT) free 511 Traveler Information System provides real-time trafc
information in English and Spanish for major Florida roadways. The system is updated with information about
crashes, commuter travel times, congestion, lane closures, severe weather, construction and emergency evacuation
information on Floridas interstate highways, toll roads, and other metropolitan roadways. Information is available on the
phone by dialing 511, visiting FL511.com, registering for personalized services, downloading the 511 app, or following
511 on Twitter.
Drivers are encouraged to fnd out about trafc conditions before getting behind the wheel. FDOTs My Florida 511 personalized services on FL511.
com allows registered users to customize routes and alerts to quickly retrieve travel information. Free personalized services include:
CustomRoutes
Program frequently traveled routes using 511-covered roads
Once 511 is dialed, callers can immediately hear information on their custom routes
Personalized Alerts
511 will alert callers about unusual roadway conditions on programmed routes
Program alerts by time, day and severity of conditions
Receive alerts by e-mail, text message and/or phone call (cell phone minutes and/or text message charges may apply)
FDOT also ofers a free 511 application (app) for the iPhone, iPad and iPod Touch in the iTunes App Store. The app provides the same real-time traf-
fc and travel time information as the 511 phone system and FL511.com. The 511 app uses the iPhones GPS tracking to provide users with trafc
information within miles of their location. Users can set the app to provide information for a range of up to 200 miles from their location or receive
trafc information based on their registered My Florida 511 custom routes. Travel time information is also available based on location and direction
of travel. Users can also view trafc by clicking on trafc cameras associated with trafc incidents. The Florida 511 app ofers trafc updates in four
ways.
An audible recording of incidents
On-screen list of incidents
Map view displaying incidents
Trafc camera views associated with incidents
Twitter users can now learn about roadway conditions through 12 FL511 regional and major roadway Twitter accounts that distribute trafc
information from the 511 traveler information system.
511 Features:
Trafc information on all interstate highways, toll roads and many other metropolitan roadways.
Commuter travel times and reports on crashes, congestion and construction
Public transit, airport and seaport information
AMBER, Silver and LEO Alerts (Silver Alerts notify the public when law enforcement agencies are searching for missing adults for citizens with
cognitive impairments including Alzheimers disease or other forms of dementia. Law Enforcement Ofcer (LEO) Alerts notify the public when
law enforcement ofcers are searching for an ofender(s) who has seriously injured or killed a law enforcement ofcer.)
FL511.com provides travel information, trafc camera views and free personalized services, including customized travel routes and email, text
and phone call alerts.
Voice-activated or touch-tone navigation
The 511 phone call and FL511 .com web site are available in English and Spanish
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If you wish to use next day delivery carriers, please send your request to:
Bureau of Records
2900 Apalachee Parkway, MS 90
Tallahassee, Florida 32399-0575.
Cost for records are:
$8 3-year
$10 7-year (complete)
$10 3-year or 7-year (certifed)
Clerks of court and Tax Collectors may charge an additional $6.25 service fee.
You may pay by personal check or money order made payable to the Division of Motorist Services. For high-volume requests or corporate/business
access to the driver license database, please visit our web page at www.fhsmv.gov/ddl/abstract.html.
1.8 - Crash Reports
Crash reports may be obtained on-line. Crash reports are kept in the local districts for two years from the date of the crash. Homicide reports are
kept in the local districts for fve years from the date of crash.
To order a crash report ($10) older than 2 years, call (850) 617-3416.
To order a trafc homicide report ($25) older than 5 years, call (850) 617-2306.
To order trafc homicide photographs, call (850) 617-3409. Photographs are $1 for 5x7 or $1.50 for 8x10.
NOTE: When requesting photographs, have at least two of the following pieces of information available
when you place your request:
Date of Crash
County of Crash
Name of Fatality Victim
Trafc Homicide Case Number
1.8.1 Crash Reports Online
Crash reports can now be purchased online at buycrash.com. Additional fees may apply.
1.9 On-Line License Check
Visit our web site at http://services.fhsmv.gov/DLCheck/ to take advantage of the following services:
Driver License Check
Online Insurance Update
Driving School Eligibility Check
Social Security Number Update
Parental Access of Minor Driving History
Driver License and ID Card Tracking System
Section 2 - The Florida Driver License
2.1 - Defnitions
Business District: An area where 50%or more of the land next to the road is used for businesses.
Bicycle: Every vehicle propelled solely by human power.
Cancellation: The act of declaring a drivers license void and terminated.
Certifed Copy: A copy which is marked in some ofcial way to show that it is a true copy of the original document. To get a certifed copy of a
document, you must contact the agency that issued the original document.
Child Restraints: Infant carriers or removable car seats specially designed to keep babies and young children from being injured in car crashes. A
lap belt may be used as a restraint for children four years old or older.
The inclusion of advertising does not constitute an
endorsement or the accuracy of the ad by the State of
Florida or the Florida Department of Highway Safety &
Motor Vehicles of the products or services advertised.
In 2009, 5,474 people were killed
in crashes involving driver
distraction, and an estimated
448,000 were injured.
Source: Department of Transporation
Sponsored by
Get Your Written Permit Test Online!
Conviction: A judgment of guilt in a court. In a drivers record, suspended sentences, forfeiting/entreasures of bonds, and pleas of no contest count
against the driver just as a conviction does.
Department: The Department of Highway Safety and Motor Vehicles.
Endorsement: A special authorization which permits a person to drive certain types of vehicles, transport certain types of property or transport a
number of passengers.
Felony: Any criminal ofense that is punishable under the laws of this state, or that would be punishable if committed in this state, by death or
imprisonment in a state penitentiary. State penitentiary includes state correctional facilities.
Immigrant: A Permanent Resident Alien who is admitted to the United States as a lawful permanent resident. Immigrants are legally accorded the
privilege of residing permanently in the United States and are issued immigrant visas or adjusted to permanent resident status by the USCIS.
Intersection: Where two streets meet or cross.
Motor Vehicle: Any self-propelled vehicle not operated upon rails or guide way, but not including any bicycle, motorized scooter, electric personal
assistive device, swamp buggy, or moped. as defned in section 316.003, Florida Statutes.
Motorcycle: Any motor vehicle having a seat or saddle for the use of the rider and designed to travel on not more than three wheels in contact
with the ground, but excluding a tractor or a moped.
Non-Immigrant: An alien who seeks temporary entry to the United States for a specifc purpose and who has declared ones intention to stay only
for a temporary period of time.
Pedestrian: Any person afoot.
Resident: A person, who has his principal place of domicile in this state for a period of more than six consecutive months, has registered to vote,
has made a statement of domicile pursuant to section 222.17, Florida Statutes, or has fled for homestead exemption on property in this state.
Residential District: An area where most of the land next to the road is used for homes.
Restriction: A prohibition against operating certain types of motor vehicles or a requirement that a driver comply with certain conditions when
driving a motor vehicle.
Revocation: The termination of a licensees privilege to drive a motor vehicle.
Suspension: The temporary withdrawal of a licensees privilege to drive a motor vehicle.
U.S. Citizen: A person born in the U.S., Naturalized, or one who has obtained a Certifcate of Citizenship from the Department of State.
Vehicle: Every device, in, upon, or by which any person is or may be transported or drawn upon a highway, except devices used exclusively upon
stationary rails or tracks.
2.2 - Florida Classifed Driver Licenses
The Department of Highway Safety and Motor Vehicles issues the following classes of licenses:
Class A, B, C, and E. Class E is for drivers of non-commercial vehicles. This handbook contains
information needed to obtain a Class E License.
Classes A, B, and C are for drivers of commercial motor vehicles such as large trucks and buses.
You must have a CDL to operate:
Any single vehicle with a gross vehicle weight rating (GVWR) of 26,001 pounds or more.
A combination vehicle with a gross combination weight rating of 26,001 or more pounds,
if the trailer(s) has a GVWR of 10,001 or more pounds.
A vehicle designed to transport 16 or more passengers (including the driver).
Any size vehicle which requires hazardous material placards or is carrying material listed
as a select agent or toxin in 42 CFR part 73. Federal regulations through the Department
of Homeland Security require a background check and fngerprinting for the Hazardous
Materials endorsement.
There is a separate manual entitled Commercial Driver License Manual for truck and bus drivers. This manual is available at any Motorist Services
or Tax Collector licensing agent ofce that ofers driver license services or on the Departments web page at www.fhsmv.gov. If you wish to drive a
motor vehicle you must be properly tested and licensed.
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2.3 - Who Needs One?
If you live in Florida and want to drive a motor vehicle on public streets and highways.
If you move to Florida and have a valid license from another state, you must get a Florida license within 30 days of becoming a resident.
You are considered a resident of Florida if you:
a. Enroll your children in public school, or
b. Register to vote, or
c. File for a homestead exemption, or
d. Accept employment, or
e. Reside in Florida for more than six consecutive months.
2.4 - Who Does Not Need One?
The following persons may drive in Florida without a Florida driver license, if they have a valid license from another state or country:
Any non-resident who is at least 16 years old providing;
o The non-resident has a valid non commercial driver license from another state or territory of the United States; or
o An International Driving Permit from his or her country of residence accompanied by a valid license from that country.
Persons employed by the United States government driving a United States government motor vehicle on ofcial business.
Any non-resident working for a frm on a contract for the United States government. (This exemption is only for 60 days.)
Any non-resident attending college in Florida.
Persons who drive only vehicles like farm tractors or road machines temporarily on the highway may drive without a license.
A licensed driver that lives in another state and travels regularly between his home and work in Florida.
Non-resident migrant farm workers even though they are employed or place children in the public schools, providing they have a valid license
from their home state.
Members of the Armed Forces stationed in Florida and their dependents, with these exceptions:
a. Service member or spouse claims homestead exemption (All drivers in family must obtain Florida licenses),
b. Service member becomes employed (All drivers in family must obtain Florida licenses),
c. Spouse becomes employed (Spouse and children who drive must obtain Florida licenses),
d. Child becomes employed (Only employed child who drives must obtain Florida license)
2.5 - Identifcation Requirements
All applicants for a Florida driver license or identifcation card must present:
Primary identifcation;
Proof of social security number or if you have not been issued a social security number, you must bring a letter from the Social Security Adminis-
tration indicating that you were never issued one. In addition you will need to provide a secondary form of identifcation; Two documents showing
your residential address.
If your name has changed since the issuances of the primary identifcation, you will need to present a name change document. See section 3.3.1 for
a list of acceptable name change documents.
Please visit www.GatherGoGet.com to obtain a personalized list of requirements.
Step 1: Primary Identifcation
U.S. Citizens must provide one of the following original or certifed documents:
Certifed United States birth certifcate, including territories and District of Columbia. The birth certifcate must be issued by a government agency.
Hospital birth certifcates cannot be accepted.
Valid unexpired United States passport or Passport Card
Consular Report of Birth Abroad
Certifcate of Naturalization
Certifcate of Citizenship
Immigrants must provide one of the following original or certifed documents to establish continuous lawful presence:
Valid Alien Registration receipt card, (Green card, Form I-151 or I-551, or Permanent Resident Card)
I-551 stamp in a valid passport with a valid U.S. Visa afxed or on an approved I-94
Immigration Judges Order, with the customers A-number, granting asylum
I-797, with the customers A-number, stating the customer has been granted asylum
I-797 or another form from the Citizenship and Immigration Services, with the customers A-number, stating the customers application for
Refugee status is approved.
Canadian Citizens must provide one of the following original or certifed documents to establish continuous lawful presence:
Valid Canadian passport
Original or certifed Canadian birth certifcate
Canadian Naturalization Certifcate
Canadian Certifcate of Citizenship
The inclusion of advertising does not constitute an
endorsement or the accuracy of the ad by the State of
Florida or the Florida Department of Highway Safety &
Motor Vehicles of the products or services advertised.
In the month of June 2011, more
than 196 billion text messages
were sent or received in the US,
up nearly 50%fromJune 2009.
Source: Department of Transporation
Sponsored by
Ready to Drive? This is where is all starts!
- 6 -
Some examples are:
F-1 and M-1 classifcation must also be accompanied by an I-20.
J-1 or J-2 designation must be accompanied by a DS-2019.
Refugee, asylee and parolee classifcations must be accompanied by additional documentation.
The following documents will only be accepted with a supporting document, including but not limited to a Passport, Florida Driver License or
Identifcation Card, Driver License from any other state, Employment Authorization Card, Employer Identifcation, Identifcation from home country,
Identifcation from school or college, Social Security Card or other Citizenship and Immigration Services document.
I-571 Travel Document/Refugee Travel Permit
I-512 Parole Letter Accepted
IJO- Asylum or Cancellation of Removal - Immigration Judges Order granting Asylum or Cancellation of Removal.
Immigrants, Canadian citizens, and other non-immigrants applying for a Florida driver license will be issued a 30-day paper temporary driving
permit without a photo. Non-U.S. citizens applying for an original identifcation card will be issued a receipt.
The department will review the identifcation documents provided and electronically verify their validity with the Department of Homeland
Security, FDLE and the FBI. If your identity and legal presence is verifed, then you will be issued a driver license or identifcation card within 30 days.
The card will be mailed to the address on your driver record and will be issued through the expiration date of your Citizenship and Immigration
Services document or one year, whichever is sooner. If we cannot verify your identity or legal presence, your temporary permit will expire and we
will deny issuance of a driver license or identifcation card.
Step 2: Social Security Number or Secondary Identifcation
Florida law requires the collection of the social security number as proof of your identity. We will electronically verify the information you provide
with the Social Security Administration. All applicants for a driver license or identifcation card must present one of the following original
or certifed documents as proof of their social security numbers:
Social Security card
W-2 form
Pay check containing your social security number
Any 1099 form
The name on your social security document must match the name that you wish to have on your driver license or identifcation card. If you recently
changed your name, please update your records with the Social Security Administration frst.
If you have never been issued a social security number and are a U.S. citizen or immigrant, you must provide a letter from the Social Security
Administration indicating that a number has never been issued. You must also provide one of the secondary documents listed below. All
nonimmigrants, including Canadians, must provide one of the following secondary documents:
1. A driver license from the District of Columbia, U.S. Territories, or one of our 50 states
2. School record stating date of birth, which must contain the registrars signature
3. Transcript of the birth record fled with a public ofcer charged with the duty of recording certifcates
4. Baptism certifcate, which shows date of birth and the place of baptism
5. Family Bible record or birth announcement in a baby book
6. An insurance policy on the customers life, which has been in force for at least two years and which has the month, day and year of birth
7. A military or military dependent identifcation card (United States Military ID cards with an Ofcer Rank will be accepted as proof of citizenship
only, not as a primary identifcation)
8. An identifcation card from the District of Columbia, U.S. Territories or one of our 50 states
9. Florida license record or identifcation card record
10. Selective Service Registration (Draft Card)
11. Florida or out of state vehicle registration
12. Florida driver license or identifcation cards
13. Receipt copy of your last Florida driver license issuance
14. Immigration Form I-571
15. Federal Form DD-214 (military record)
16. Marriage certifcate
17. Court order, which includes legal name
18. A Florida voter registration card, which has been issued in the past 3 months
19. Personal identifcation by an examiner or by a person well known to the examiner
20. Social Security Card
21. Parent consent form of minor, signed by the parent or legal guardian
22. Government issued out-of-country passport, driver license, or identifcation card
23. Concealed weapons permit
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Step 3: Proof of Residential Address
All applicants for a driver license or identifcation card must present two documents with their residential addresses:
1. Deed, mortgage, monthly mortgage statement, mortgage payment booklet or residential rental/lease agreement
2. Florida Voter Registration Card
3. Florida Vehicle Registration or Title
4. Florida Boat Registration or Title (if living on a boat/houseboat)
5. Customer under 18 A statement from a parent, stepparent or legal guardian of the minor is required; parent, guardian or step-parent must
reside at the same residence address as minor. Parent, guardian or step-parent that cannot accompany minor must complete a statement
through a Certifcation of Address form with two proof of residence address. The Certifcation of Address form can be obtained in a driver
license or Tax Collector licensing agent ofce or on the department web page at http://www.fhsmv.gov/.

Note: You may present one proof of residential address document and use a second from the parent, stepparent, legal guardian or person you
live with along with a completed Certifcation of Address form.
6. Customers 18 years or older Customers who reside with someone must provide a statement through a Certifcate of Address form from that
person along with two proof of address in that persons name. The Certifcation of Address form can be obtained in a driver license or Tax Col-
lector licensing agent ofce or on the department web page at http://www.fhsmv.gov/.

Note: You may present one proof of residential address document and use a second from the parent, stepparent, legal guardian or person you
live with along with a completed Certifcation of Address form.
7. A utility hook up or work order dated within 60 days of the application
8. Automobile Payment Booklet
9. Selective Service Card
10. Medical or health card with address listed
11. Current homeowners insurance policy or bill
12. Current automobile insurance policy or bill
13. Educational institution transcript forms for the current school year
14. Unexpired professional license issued by a government agency in the U.S.
15. W-2 form or 1099 form
16. Form DS2019, Certifcate of Eligibility for Exchange Visitor (J-1) status
17. A letter from a homeless shelter, transitional service provider, or half-way house verifying that the
customer resides at the shelter address
18. Utility bills, not more than two months old
19. Mail from fnancial institutions; including checking, savings, or investment account statements,
not more than two months old
20. Mail from Federal, State, County or City government agencies (including city and county agencies)
21. Transients Sexual Ofender/Predator/Career Ofender:
FDLE Registration Form completed by local sherifs department
2.6 - Parents Consent for Minors
If you are under 18 and are not married, your license application must be signed by one parent or legal
guardian. The application must be signed in front of the examiner or a notary public. Whoever signs
your application agrees to take responsibility with you for your driving. If the signer decides not to
accept responsibility for your driving, your license will be canceled. To cancel the license, the signer
must write a letter to the department, at the address listed below, requesting to withdraw their
consent for the minor driver. Include the complete name, date of birth and driver license number of
the minor driver in the letter.
Division of Motorist Services
Neil Kirkman Building
2900 Apalachee Parkway
Tallahassee, Florida 32399
Attn: Bureau Chief of Motorist Compliance
The consent formmust be signed by an examiner or legal guardian. If the document is not signed in front of an examiner, the parent or
guardians signature must be notarized by a Notary.
2.7 Testing
2.7.1 - Purpose of Driver License Examination
The purpose of the license examination is to determine several things:
a. Can you read and understand road signs, trafc signals and highway markings?
b. Do you know the Florida driving rules?
c. Can you see well enough to drive safely?
The inclusion of advertising does not constitute an
endorsement or the accuracy of the ad by the State of
Florida or the Florida Department of Highway Safety &
Motor Vehicles of the products or services advertised.
20%of injury crashes in 2009
involved reports of distracted
driving.
Source: Department of Transporation
Sponsored by
Take Your Drug and Alcohol Course Online!
- 8 -
d. Do you have the skill and experience to drive safely?
e. Do you have any physical or mental handicaps that would afect your driving?
2.7.2 Examination Requirements
Persons applying for an original Florida license are required to take the following tests:
Learners Driver License - vision, hearing, road signs, and Class E road rules.
Class E license - vision, hearing, road signs, Class E road rules and driving test.
NOTE: Persons holding a valid license from other states, U.S. possessions, Canada, France, or Republic of Korea (South Korea) are only required to
take a vision test unless their driving ability is questionable; the license from the other states or U.S. possessions must be surrendered at the time
of issuance of the Florida driver license. Persons holding a license from Germany and Taiwan are required to take the vision, hearing and written
exam. The driving test may be waived unless their driving ability is questionable.
Motorcycle endorsement - In addition to the above tests, customers requesting motorcycle endorsements must complete a motorcycle rider
course unless they have a motorcycle endorsement on a French, Canadian, or out-ofstate license (except Alabama).
Commercial driver licenses -see Florida Manual for Truck and Bus Drivers for required exams.
2.7.3 - Examination Information
Vision Test - standard vision screening
You will be restricted to wearing corrective lenses when you drive if you need to wear contact lenses or glasses to pass the test.
Your driving privilege will be revoked if you are unable to meet the minimum vision standards. To pass, you must meet the following vision stan-
dards with or without corrective lenses:
20/40 or better vision in each eye with or without corrective lenses meets state requirements without referral to an eye specialist.
20/50 or worse vision in either eye with or without corrective lenses are referred to an eye specialist for possible improvement.
20/70 vision in either eye, or both eyes together may pass with or without corrective lenses after referral to an eye specialist, providing the
vision in the worst eye is better than 20/200.
If one eye is blind or 20/200 or worse, the other eye must be 20/40 or better.
The use of telescopic lenses to meet visual standards is not recognized in Florida.
Road Sign Test
Multiple choice test which consists of 20 road signs for you to identify by color, shape or meaning.
Road Rules Test - Multiple choice test which consists of 20 questions regarding Florida trafc laws.
Vehicle Inspection - Your vehicle will be inspected to determine that it is safe for a road test.
DrivingTest
You must provide a vehicle for the driving test. If you do not have a valid license, you must be accompanied by a licensed driver.
An interpreter can be used during the driving test. No other passengers are permitted.
You are expected to perform the following maneuvers on the driving test:
Turn About (Three Point Turn) - Turn your car around in a 30 to 40 space.
Shift Gears -Change gears smoothly and correctly (if your car has a manual shift transmission).
Approach of Crossing -Get in the proper lane and look in each direction. Change gears smoothly and correctly (if your car has a manual shift
transmission).
Observe Right-of-Way - Allow pedestrians to cross, pull over and stop for emergency vehicles and do not enter an intersection where you will
interfere with other trafc.
Straight-In Parking - Park your vehicle inside the parking space straight-in. When properly parked, the vehicle should be centered inside the
space with no part of the vehicle extending out in the trafc lane. This maneuver gives the examiner the opportunity to observe your ability
to:
a) handle the vehicle in close quarters
b) judge distance
c) maintain control of the vehicle as you turn into a straight-in parking space
Stop/Start on a Grade - If there is no hill on your driving test, this maneuver is simulated when the car is in the straight-in parking space or
when the car is pulled over to the side of the road before the turnabout maneuver. You will be instructed to show or tell the examiner what
you would do if you were going to leave the vehicle parked up or down a hill, with or without a curb.
Stop Quickly - Drive at 20 miles per hour and make a quick, safe stop when the examiner instructs you.
Backing -Back for a distance of 50 feet at a slow speed. Do not use the rear-view mirror when backing. Look to the rear instead.
- 9 -
Obey Stop Signs - Give the proper signal if turning, approach in the proper lane, come to a complete stop before reaching the pedestrian
crosswalk*or stop line, and remain stopped until you can move safely without interfering with cross trafc or pedestrians.
* Keep in mind that most intersections contain legal crosswalks; marked or unmarked. An unmarked crosswalk is the portion of the roadway at
an intersection that would connect opposite sides of the street.
Obey Trafc Signals - Get into the proper lane and approach the light at a speed that will allow you to stop if the light should change. When
you must stop, stop before the pedestrian crosswalk or stop line. When the light turns green, do not move forward until the other trafc has
cleared the intersection. Give the correct signal for stopping and turning. Watch for no turn and one way signs.
Signal and Turn - Get into the proper lane and signal your turn for the last 100 feet. You may use either hand signals or mechanical signals.
Slow before reaching the crosswalk and turn into the proper lane.
Passing - Always look ahead and behind to make sure you can pass safely. Pass on the left, unless the car ahead is about to make a left turn or
is in the left turn lane on a street with more than one lane in each direction. Do not pass on the shoulder (side of the road).
Stay in Proper Lane - Drive in the right lane except on a one-way street. Do not change lanes until you may do so safely.
Follow at a Safe Distance - Do not drive too closely behind other cars. Use the Two Second Rule.
Use Proper Posture - Keep both hands on the steering wheel and do not rest your elbow in the window.
The examiner will explain any mistakes you may have made after the test is completed. If you disqualify on the driving test, you will be asked to
study or practice before returning for another test. You will be asked to return another day for additional tests.
If you pass the examination, the examiner will collect the fee and issue your license. If you surrender a valid Florida learners license and do not
need to make changes, you are not charged additional fees for the replacement Class E.
2.7.4 - Driver Education
Driver education courses can help you develop the skills you need to be a safe driver. You can obtain more information by referring to your local
telephone directory under Driving Instruction or Trafc Schools.
2.7.5 - Third Party Testing
Driver license exams (road rules or road signs) are now available from providers approved by Department of Highway Safety and Motor Vehicles.
The on-line service is available to students under 18 years of age. Students of all ages may take the exams with a provider who ofers the exams
in an in-person setting. A list of approved third party testers providing this service can be found on our website at http://www.fhsmv.gov/ddl/TP-
DLTS_providers.html. Many driver education teachers assist the Department of Highway Safety and Motor Vehicles (DHSMV) in licensing new driv-
ers. Students who complete their driver license tests through DHSMV approved Driver Education Licensing Assistance Program (DELAP) courses in
participating public or private schools will have the results entered into the Departments test records by their driver education teacher.
The test results will be used by the local driver license ofce for issuance of a learners driver license or Class E license. DHSMV may, however, test
any student on a random basis before issuing a driver license.
2.8 - Physical and Mental Requirements
You must list any physical or mental problems on your license application that might afect your driving. Many of the physical problems can be
handled by placing restrictions on your license. If you have epilepsy, fainting spells, dizziness, blackouts or any other medical condition that could
impair your driving, you may be asked to have your doctor complete a medical report form. These forms may be requested through your local driv-
er licenses ofce and are mailed directly to you. The report must be completed by your doctor and submitted to the Department before a license is
issued. If you are diabetic and use insulin, you may request that Insulin Dependent is indicated on your license.
2.9 - Restriction and Endorsement Codes on Florida Licenses
2.9.1 - Restriction Codes
1. Corrective Lenses means a person must wear corrective lenses at all times when operating a vehicle.
2. Outside RearviewMirror (Left Side) means the vehicle the person is driving must have a left outside rearview mirror on the car.
3. Business Purposes Only means a driving privilege that is limited to any driving necessary to maintain livelihood, including driving to and
from work, necessary on-the-job driving, driving for educational purposes, and driving for church and for medical purposes.
4. Employment Purposes Only means a driving privilege that is limited to driving to and from work and any necessary on-the-job driving
required by an employer or occupation.
5. Daylight Driving Only means the person can only drive during daylight hours.
6. Automatic Transmission means the person can only drive a vehicle that has automatic transmission.
7. Power Steering means the person must drive a vehicle with power steering.
8. Directional Signals means a person must drive a vehicle equipped with mechanical signals.
9. Grip on SteeringWheel means the vehicle must be equipped with a knob or grip on the steering wheel.
10. Hearing Aid means the person must wear a hearing aid at all times while driving a CDL vehicle.
11. Seat Cushion means the person must use a seat cushion at all times while driving.
12. Hand Controls or Pedal Extension means the vehicle must be equipped with hand controls or a pedal extension.
13. Left Foot Accelerator means the vehicle must be equipped with a left foot accelerator.
14. Probation-Interlock Device means the vehicle must be equipped with a device that locks the ignition.
15. Other Restrictions means there are other restrictions imposed on this license.
- 10 -
The inclusion of advertising does not constitute an
endorsement or the accuracy of the ad by the State of
Florida or the Florida Department of Highway Safety &
Motor Vehicles of the products or services advertised.
Drivers who use hand-held
devices are 4 times more likely to
get into crashes serious enough
to injure themselves.
Source: Department of Transporation
Sponsored by
Your One-Stop Shop for Getting Your Permit!
16. Medical Alert Bracelet means the person wears a medical alert bracelet.
17. Educational Purposes Only means the person can drive only for educational purposes.
2.9.2 - Restriction Codes Appearing on Commercial Driver Licenses Only
1. Vehicles W/O Air Brakes - issued to those who have not passed the required written and/or skills tests for the operation of vehicles with air
brakes.
2. CDL-Intrastate Only (CMV) - issued to those who are authorized to operate commercial motor vehicles inside Florida only.
3. Bus Only (CMV) - issued to persons who are only authorized to operate a commercial vehicle that is a bus.
4. CMV<26,001 LBS Gross Vehicle Weight Rating
5. No Tractor/Trailers
6. No Class A Passenger Vehicles
7. No Class B Passenger Vehicles
V. CDL Medical Variance
NOTE: Drivers with a restriction on their license who do not comply with the requirements of the restriction can be issued a citation for violation of
restriction and could be suspended. Ofenses of this type are a second degree misdemeanor, except for violations of restriction code X.
2.9.3 - Endorsement Codes
These endorsements are placed on Class A, B, or C commercial driver licenses.
H Placarded Hazmat - issued to those who have passed the required written tests and who will transport placarded hazardous materials.
N Tank Vehicles - issued to those who have passed the required written tests and who will drive tank vehicles.
P Passengers - issued to those who have passed the required written and skills tests and who will drive passenger vehicles.
T Double/Triple Trailers -issued to those who have passed the required written tests and who will drive double or triple tractor trailer vehicles.
S School Bus - issued to those who have passed the required written and skills tests and who will drive a school bus.
X Placarded Hazmat & Tank Vehicles - issued to those who qualify for endorsements H and N.
2.10 - Selective Service
State law requires any male that is a U.S. citizen or immigrant who is at least 18 years old but less than 26 years old, to comply with Federal Selective
Service System requirements when applying to receive a drivers license, a learners drivers license, a commercial drivers license, an identifca-
tion card, or a renewal or replacement card or license. Any driver license or identifcation card applicant consents to the Federal Selective Service
System requirements.
2.11 - Trafc Lawand Substance Abuse Education
If you have never been issued a license in any jurisdiction (state or country), you are required to complete a Trafc Law and Substance Abuse
Education (TLSAE) course before you will be issued a license. A list of TLSAE providers can be found in the back of this handbook or on our web site
located at www.fhsmv.gov. You can also fnd locations in your area using your local phone directory.
2.12 - Sexual Ofenders and Sexual Predators
Within 48 hours after completing the required initial registration as a sexual predator or sexual ofender in Florida, all sexual predators and sexual
ofenders who are not incarcerated, including sexual predators and sexual ofenders who are under the supervision of the Florida Department of
Corrections, shall register in person at a driver license ofce of the Department of Highway Safety and Motor Vehicles or Tax Collector licensing
agent. If otherwise qualifed, such person shall secure a Florida driver license or identifcation card.
The sexual predator or sexual ofender must identify him or herself as such and provide his or her place of permanent or temporary residence. Post
ofce box numbers may not be used in place of a physical residential address. Each time a sexual predators driver license or identifcation
card is subject to renewal and within 48 hours after any change of the predators or ofenders residence or change in the predators or ofenders
name by reason of marriage or other legal process, the predator or ofender shall report in person to a driver licenses ofce or Tax Collector licens-
ing agent. If otherwise qualifed, such person shall secure a Florida driver license or identifcation card.
For more information about registration and notifcation requirements, you may contact your local
sherifs ofce, your supervising ofcer with Probation & Parole or the Florida Department of Law En-
forcement at 1-888-FLPREDATOR (1-888-357-7332), Sexual Ofender/Predator Unit, Post Ofce Box 1489,
Tallahassee, Florida 32302-1489; www.fdle.state.f.us.
2.13 - Career Ofender
As of January 1, 2003: Career ofenders are certain persons who are designated as habitual violent felony
ofenders, violent career criminals, or three-time violent felony ofenders, ss. 775.26, 944.608, 944.609.
Within two working days after completing the required registration as a career ofender in Florida, all
career ofenders who are not incarcerated, including career ofenders who are under the supervision of
the Florida Department of Corrections, shall register in person at a driver license ofce of the Depart-
ment of Highway Safety and Motor Vehicles or Tax Collector licensing agent. If otherwise qualifed, such
person shall secure a Florida driver license or identifcation card.
- 11 -
Each time a career ofenders driver license or identifcation card is subject to renewal and within two
working days after any change of the career ofenders residence or change in the career ofenders
name by reason of marriage or other legal process, the career ofender shall report in person to a
driver license ofce or Tax Collector licensing agent. If otherwise qualifed, such person shall secure a
Florida driver license or identifcation card. The career ofender must identify him or herself as such and
provide his or her place of permanent or temporary residence. Post ofce box numbers may not be used
in place of a physical resident address. For more information about registration and notifcation require-
ments, you may contact your local sherifs ofce, your supervising ofcer with Probation & Parole or the
Florida Department of Law Enforcement at 1-888-357-7332, Career Ofender Unit, Florida Department
of Law Enforcement at 1-888-FL-PREDATOR (1-888-357-7332), Sexual Ofender/Predator Unit, Post Ofce
Box 1489, Tallahassee, Florida 32302-1489; www.fdle.state.f.us.
2.14 - Voluntary Contributions
When you are applying for a driver license or identifcation card you may voluntarily contribute to the
following special trust funds:
The inclusion of advertising does not constitute an
endorsement or the accuracy of the ad by the State of
Florida or the Florida Department of Highway Safety &
Motor Vehicles of the products or services advertised.
40%of all American teens say
they have been in a car when the
driver used a cell phone in a way
that put people in danger.
Source: Department of Transporation
Sponsored by
Dont Fail Your PermitTest. TakeOur PrepCourse!
AutismServices and Supports- $1 suggested minimum contribution
Childrens Hearing Help Fund - $1 suggested minimum contribution
Disabled American Veterans - $1 suggested minimum contribution
Family First - $1 suggested minimum contribution
Florida Council of the Blind - $1 suggested minimum contribution
Health Care Trust Fund - $1 suggested minimum contribution
Hearing Research Institute Incorporated - $2 suggested minimum contribution
Juvenile Diabetes Foundation International - $1 suggested minimum contribution
League Against Cancer/La Liga Contra el Cancer - $1 suggested minimum contribution
Prevent Blindness Florida - $1 suggested minimum contribution
Prevent Child Sexual Abuse - $1 suggested minimum contribution
Ronald McDonald House - $1 suggested minimum contribution
Senior Vision Services - $1 suggested minimum contribution
State Homes for Veterans Trust Fund - $1 suggested minimum contribution
Stop Heart Disease - $1 suggested minimum contribution
Support Our Troops - $1 suggested minimum contribution
The ARC of Florida - $1 suggested minimum contribution
2.15 - Fees
Fees for License
Initial license fee for frst Florida license $48
Learners driver license (Original) $48
Class E renewal $48
Learners license renewal $48
Commercial Driver License $75
Stolen license-if police report fled No fee
Replacement license $25
Other Fees
Commercial Driver License endorsements $7
Hazardous Materials Endorsement Application
and Background Check $91
Motorcycle endorsement $7
Identifcation Card (original) $25
Identifcation Card (replacement or renewal) $25
Stolen identifcation card-if police report fled No fee
Delinquent fee for renewals after expiration date $15
Written Re-exams $10
Driving Re-exams $20
Veteran Designation $1
Tax Collector Service Fee (for services
provided at a Tax Collector ofces) $6.25
Service Fees
Administrative Fee Alcohol & Drug-Related
Ofenses $130
(In addition to any other required fees)
After a license has been revoked $75
After a license has been suspended $45
After a license has been disqualifed $75
Worthless checks $55
Suspension for Failure to Pay or Appear for a
Trafc Citation, Failure to Pay Child support,
Failure to Pay Court Financial Obligations $60
Insurance Suspension Fees
Failure to maintain PIP insurance:
(1st suspension) $150
(2nd suspension) $250
(3rd suspension) $500
Failure to maintain liability insurance $15
(1st suspension resulting from a DUI conv.) $150
(2nd suspension resulting from a DUI conv.) $250
(3rd suspension resulting from a DUI conv.) $500
Note: If you are suspended under both the PIP and the
liability law, you will be charged both reinstatement fees.
Driver Licenses Agents (Tax Collectors)
Your local Tax Collector may provide full or limited driver
license services. Tax Collectors may assess a $6.25 service
fee.
- 12 -
Test Your Knowledge
1. Who needs a Florida driver license? (See section 2.3)
2. Who does not need a Florida driver license? (See section 2.4)
3. Can a person temporarily operate a farm tractor on the highway without a driver license? (See section 2.4)
4. What is the purpose of www.GatherGoGet.com? (See section 2.5)
5. At what age are persons no longer required to have parental consent to obtain a Florida driver license? (See section 2.6)
6. What examinations are required to obtain a Florida Learners License? (See 2.7.2)
7. Can telescopic lenses be used to pass the vision test? (See section 2.7.3)
8. What driving course is required for a person that has never been licensed? (See section 2.11)
Section 4 - Obtaining Your License / Identifcation Card
3.1 - Learners Driver License
A person who holds a Learners license must be accompanied by a licensed driver, 21 years of age or older, who occupies the front passenger seat
closest to the right of the driver. Drivers can only drive during daylight hours the frst three months from the original issue date and must be
accompanied by a licensed driver 21 years or older, who occupies the front passenger seat. After the frst three months, drivers may operate a
vehicle from 6 a.m. to 10 p.m. with a licensed driver, 21 years of age or older, occupying the front passenger seat. Drivers with a Learners license
are ineligible for a motorcycle endorsement.
Requirements
Be at least 15 years old.
Pass vision, road signs and road rules tests.
Have the signature of one parent (or guardian) on the parent consent form, if under age 18.
Completion of Trafc Law and Substance Abuse Education Course.
Primary identifcation, proof of social security number and proof of residential address.
Must be in compliance with school attendance, if under 18.
Provide two documents with their proof of address. See section 2.5.
3.1.1 - Parental Monitoring
Parents can monitor their minor childs driving using our Parental Access of Minor Driving History
and Driver License and ID Card Tracking System. These resources can be accessed on our web site at.
http://services.fhsmv.gov/DLCheck/.
3.2 - Class E License
3.2.1 Original Issuance Requirements
Be at least 16 years old.
Pass vision, road signs, road rules and driving tests.
Have the signature of one parent (or guardian) on the parent consent form, if under age 18.
Completion of Trafc Law and Substance Abuse Education Course.
Primary Identifcation, Proof of Social Security Number and Proof of residential address.
Must be in compliance with school attendance, if under 18.
Provide two documents with their proof of address. See section 2.5.
3.2.2 - Learners to Class E
The following requirements must be met in order to obtain a regular Class E license:
Must hold the learners license for 12 months or until the 18th birthday, whichever comes frst.
Must have NO moving trafc violation convictions 12 months from the issue date of the Learners license. Or
May have one moving trafc violation conviction within 12 months from the issue date of the learners license, if adjudication is withheld.
A parent, legal guardian or responsible adult 21 years of age or older, must certify that the driver has had at least 50 hours of driving
experience, of which 10 hours must be at night.
Pass a driving test.
3.2.3 - Reciprocating
The road signs, road rules, and driving (skills) exams are reciprocated if you present a driver license from any of the following:
United States
United States Territories, Possessions (including Panama Canal Zone if issued prior to January 1, 2000)
Canada *
France
Germany (reciprocate the skill exam only)
Republic of Korea (South Korea)
- 13 -
Taiwan (reciprocate the skill exam only)
United States Military
* Reciprocation Options for Canadians
Canadian customers can reciprocate examination requirements by surrendering their Canadian driver license. If the Canadian driver license is not
surrendered, applicable examinations are required.
3.3 - License Renewal
Driver licenses are valid for six to eight years. Expiration dates may vary for license renewals issued to nonimmigrants.
Primary identifcation, proof of social security number and two proofs of residential address are required if you have not been issued a Florida
driver license or identifcation card in a feld ofce since January 1, 2010. See section 2 for identifcation requirements, acceptable proof of social
security and acceptable proof of residential address. Nonimmigrants may have additional requirements. See Non- Immigrant section 3.3.5.
Your license may not be renewed if:
a. You are not qualifed to receive a license.
b. You did not answer a summons which involved a trafc violation.
c. Your driver license is suspended, revoked or cancelled.
d. You do not present the required documentation.
3.3.1 - Name Changes
To have your name changed on your Florida driver license or identifcation card, you must:
Bring your original or certifed copy of a government issued marriage certifcate, divorce decree, or court order to a driver license issuance of-
fce. Church marriage certifcates are not acceptable.
Have your name changed on your social security card.
In addition:
Immigrants and Non-Immigrants:
You must have your name changed on your United States Citizenship and Immigration Services documents before you can change your name
on your Florida driver license or identifcation card.
Canadian Citizens:
You must have your name changed on your Canadian passport before applying for a name change on your driver license or identifcation card.
3.3.2 - Change of Address
To change your residential address on your driver license or identifcation card, you must present two proofs of residential address.
Students attending an educational institution are not required to apply for a change of address if they have not changed their legal residence.
3.3.3 - Renewal Options
If you are a U.S. citizen or immigrant, you can avoid the lines and renew your driver license by mail or via the
internet on GoRenew.com.
The mail and internet convenience method can be used for non-commercial driver licenses or commercial driver licenses without the hazardous
materials endorsement.
Mail
You may receive a mail-in renewal packet approximately 30 days prior to your license expiration. There are no additional fees for renewing by mail.
Internet
You can renew by internet at www.GoRenew.com.
After your request is processed, you will receive a six or eight year license. Florida law requires that you destroy your old driver license after receiv-
ing the new license. Application for renewal received after the license expiration date requires a $15 late fee.
All drivers who are 80 years of age or older and who are in the process of renewing their driver license are required to pass a vision test. The test
may be administered at the driver license ofce at no additional charge or by your Florida licensed health care practitioner, such as your medical
doctor, osteopath or optometrist. A vision examination report must be completed and submitted to the department if your vision test is adminis-
tered by your doctor. For your convenience, you can ask your health care practitioner to fle the form electronically on the web
www.fhsmv.gov/ddl/vision. Subsequent to it being fled electronically, you will then be able to renew via the internet, or mail.
Should you elect to have your vision tested at the local driver license ofce or Tax Collector licensing agent, please schedule an appointment so
that we can serve you more efciently. Upon passing the vision screening, you can complete the renewal process. However, if a problem is
detected, you will be referred to your eye doctor for followup, prior to being able to renew.
The inclusion of advertising does not constitute an
endorsement or the accuracy of the ad by the State of
Florida or the Florida Department of Highway Safety &
Motor Vehicles of the products or services advertised.
In 2009, 11 percent of all drivers
involved in fatal crashes were
between 15 and 20 years old.
Source: Department of Transporation
Sponsored by
Your One-Stop Shop for GettingYour Permit!
- 14 -
The inclusion of advertising does not constitute an
endorsement or the accuracy of the ad by the State of
Florida or the Florida Department of Highway Safety &
Motor Vehicles of the products or services advertised.
Sending or receiving a text takes
a drivers eyes fromthe road for
an average of 4.6 seconds, the
equivalent-at 55 mph-of driving
the length of an entire football
feld, blind.
Source: Department of Transporation
Sponsored by
Take Your Drug and Alcohol Course Online!
3.3.4 - Military Renewal by Mail or Online
Members of the U.S. Armed Forces serving on active duty outside of Florida may renew their license by mail or online at www.GoRenew.com. Their
spouses and children living with them may do the same. If your name changes while you are deployed or out of state, contact the Department at
[email protected] or call 850 617-2000. Provide your name as it appears on your license, the driver license number, your date of birth and
out-of-state address and zip code. The department will send you the appropriate renewal packet by return mail or email.
3.3.5- Non-Immigrants
Any non-immigrant holding a driver license or identifcation card who needs a renewal or replacement driver license or identifcation card
must apply in person at a driver license ofce or Tax Collector licensing agent and present identifcation and legal presence documents.
If you do not have the required documents showing legal presence, your driver license or identifcation card will be retained and a receipt is-
sued for the driver license or identifcation card transaction. If your Florida driver license has not expired, you will be issued a 60-day tempo-
rary permit. When you return with the required documentation, you will be processed for a renewal or replacement license and the expiration
date will be changed to the expiration date on your Citizenship and Immigration Services document up to one year.
Proof of social security number (if one has been issued)and two proofs of residential address are required.
3.4 - License Replacement
If your driver license or identifcation card is lost or stolen, apply for a replacement immediately. A replacement can be obtained in a feld issuance
ofce or using a convenience method listed in the renewal section. The replacement license fee is $25.00.
If the card was stolen and you provide a copy of the police report, the replacement fee is waived as long as you are not making any changes to the
card. When changes are made to the card, the $25.00 replacement fee is charged.
Primary identifcation, proof of social security number and two proofs of residential address are required if you have not been issued a Florida
driver license or identifcation card in a feld ofce since January 1, 2010. See section 2 for identifcation requirements, acceptable proof of social
security and acceptable proof of residential address. Nonimmigrants may have additional requirements. See Non-Immigrant section 3.3.5.
3.4.1 - Name Changes
To have your name changed on your Florida driver license or identifcation card, you must:
Bring your original or certifed copy of a government issued marriage certifcate, divorce decree, or court order to a driver license issuance of-
fce. Church marriage certifcates are not acceptable.
Have your name changed on your social security card.
In addition:
Immigrants and Non-Immigrants:
You must have your name changed on your United States Citizenship and Immigration Services documents before you can change your name
on your Florida driver license or identifcation card.
Canadian Citizens:
You must have your name changed on your Canadian passport before applying for a name change on your driver license or identifcation card.
3.4.2 - Change of Address
You must obtain a new license within 10 days of any change to your mailing or residential address. You may change the address on your driver
license or identifcation card by:
1. Mail: be sure to include your complete name, new address, driver license number, and date of birth. Mail to Division of Motorist Services, Post
Ofce Box 5775, Tallahassee, Florida 32314-5775. Include a $25 check or money order payable to DHSMV. You will receive the appropriate cor-
rections by mail. Please allow 30 days for processing.
2. Visiting your local Motorist Services ofce or Tax Collector licensing agent. There is a $25 license fee.
3. Internet at: www.gorenew.com. There is a $25 license fee.
4. After your request is processed, you will receive a new license. Florida law requires that you destroy your old driver license after receiving the
new license.
Non-immigrants will need to go to a driver license ofce or Tax Collector licensing agent to change the
address on a driver license or identifcation card.
If you fail to report a change of address you may not receive your motor vehicle registration renewal or
your drivers license renewal.
If you are pulled over by law enforcement and the address on your driver license is incorrect, you may
receive a citation.
3.5 - Motorcycle Only License
Under 18
Must hold a Learners License at least 12 months or until the 18th birthday prior to the issuance of a
Class E Motorcycle Only license.
Must have NO moving trafc violation convictions 12 months from the issue date of the learners
license.
Must provide completion of an approved motorcycle safety course. A list of approved motorcycle safety course providers can be found on our
web page http://motorcycles.hsmv.state.f.us/sponsorsearch.cfm
Over 18
Pass the vision, road sign and road rule examinations or hold a current Learners License.
Must provide completion of an approved motorcycle safety course. Or
Provide an out-of-state motorcycle only license (except Alabama).
3.6 - Motorcycle Also License
All persons requesting a motorcycle endorsement:
Must hold a Class E license or higher or meet the requirements for a Class E license.
Must complete a motorcycle safety course, Basic Rider Course (BRC) Or
Provide an out-of-state license with a motorcycle endorsement (except Alabama).
3.7 - Identifcation Cards
If you need an identifcation card, you can apply at any driver license or Tax Collector licensing agent ofce. Persons holding a driver license who
wish to obtain a Florida identifcation card must surrender their driver license. Section 322.08(6), F.S. prohibits a person from holding both
a driver license and an identifcation card. To obtain an identifcation card, you must:
1. Be fve (5) years of age or older. Any person, regardless of age, can be issued an identifcation card if applying for a disabled parking permit.
2. Present required identifcation. **See section 2 for a list of acceptable primary identifcation.
3. Provide proof of your Social Security number (unless one has never been issued). See section 2 for acceptable proof of social security number.
4. Provide proof of residential address. (Two documents will be required) See section 2 for acceptable proof of residential address.
The card will contain your color photograph, full name, sex, address, date of birth, and other data the Department may require. Identifcation cards
issued to persons 5 to 14 years of age will be valid for four years; all others will be valid for eight years.
NOTE: Expiration dates may vary for identifcation cards issued to Non-Immigrants.
3.7.1 Identifcation Cards for Homeless Persons
Persons that can provide a letter from a local homeless shelter verifying the customer is homeless may be issued an identifcation card at no cost,
providing they meet the identifcation card issuance requirements listed in section 3.7.
3.8 - Veterans
3.8.1 - Veteran Designation on License or Identifcation Card
Any honorably discharged U.S veteran may have a veteran designation V placed on his or her driver license. The veteran will need to provide a
copy of their DD214 or other approved discharge document at the time of issuance. The veteran designation may be added for $2.00 as long as
the current driver license or identifcation card is surrendered and there are no other license transactions or changes. The replacement driver
license or identifcation card fee is waived; however, the Tax Collector service fees would apply if the transaction is completed in a Tax Collector
ofce.
When other license transactions are being completed at the same time the veteran designation is added, a $1.00 fee is charged for the veteran
designation along with the other transaction fees. The Tax Collector service fee would apply if the transaction is completed in a Tax Collector ofce.
3.8.2 - Exempt Fees for 100%Disabled U.S. Veterans
Any veteran honorably discharged from the Armed Forces who was issued a valid identifcation card by the Division of Veterans Afairs of the De-
partment of Administration, or a letter of disability determination from the Veterans Administration and has been determined by the Veterans
Administration to have a 100%service-connected disability, is exempt from paying certain driver license fees such as initial license fees and re-
newal fees. All identifcation card fees are exempt.
Test Your Knowledge
1. What is the minimum age to obtain a Florida Learners License? (See section 3.1)
2. If you failed to answer a trafc summons, would you be able to renew your license? (See section 3.3)
3. If you lose your Florida driver license and need a replacement license, where do you apply for it? (See section 3.4)
4. What document(s) are required to change your name on your Florida driver license or identifcation card? (Seesection 3.4.1 & 3.3.1)
5. You must obtain a new license showing the new address within how many days of moving? (See section 3.4.2)
7. What is required to add a motorcycle endorsement to your Florida driver license? (See sections 3.5 & 3.6)
8. What is the minimum age that a person can be issued a Florida identifcation card? (See section 3.7)
9. What is the issuance period of a Florida identifcation card issued to a person age 5-14? (See section 3.7)
10. How do honorably discharged veterans get a Veteran Designation V added to their driver license or identifcation card? (See section 3.8.1)
- 15 -
- 16 -
Section 3 - Obtaining Your License / Identifcation Card
4.1 - Driving a Motor Vehicle in Florida is a Privilege You Earn
You cannot obtain a license in Florida under the following conditions:
If your license is suspended or revoked in any state;
If you are addicted to drugs or alcohol;
If you cannot drive safely because of mental or physical problems; (Deafness alone will not prevent a person from being issued a driver
license.)
If you are under the legal age for licensing (15 for Learners license, 16 for Class E).
Every driver who obtains a license must drive safely to keep it. If you break the trafc laws or become an unsafe driver, your license can be taken
away. It can be suspended, revoked, or canceled.
Your license can be SUSPENDED if you:
Make a fraudulent driver license application.
Allow your license to be used for a purpose that is against the law.
Are convicted in a trafc court and the court orders that your license be suspended.
Refuse to take a test to show if you are driving while under the infuence of alcohol or drugs.
Misuse a restricted license.
Earn a certain number of points for trafc ofenses on the point system.
Break a trafc law and fail to pay your fne or appear in court as directed.
Fail to pay child support.
Fail to carry insurance on your vehicle.
Fail to stop for a school bus.
Use tobacco if you are under age.
Commit retail theft.
Education Non-Compliance (School Dropout).
Your license must be REVOKED if you are found guilty of, or department records show:
Driving while under the infuence of alcohol, drugs or other controlled substances.
A felony in which a motor vehicle is used.
Not stopping to give help when the vehicle you are driving is involved in a crash causing death or personal injury.
Lying about the ownership or operation of motor vehicles.
Three cases of reckless driving within one year. Forfeiting bail and not going to court to avoid being convicted of reckless driving counts the
same as a conviction.
An immoral act in which a motor vehicle was used.
Three major ofenses or 15 ofenses for which you receive points within a 5-year period.
A felony for drug possession.
Vision worse than the standard minimum requirements.
Racing on the highway. A court may also order that your license be revoked for certain other trafc ofenses.
Your license can be CANCELLED if you:
If your license was issued because of a mistake or fraud (giving false information or identifcation), it will be cancelled.
4.2- Point System
Violation points*
Leaving the scene of a crash resulting in property damage of more than $50 6
Unlawful speed resulting in an crash 6
Reckless driving 4
Any moving violation resulting in a crash 4
Passing a stopped school bus 4
Driving during restricted hours 3
Unlawful speed - 16 MPH or more over lawful or posted speed 4
The fne for exceeding the speed limit by more than 50
mph is $1,000 for the frst ofense and $2,500 for the
second.
Violation of a trafc control signal/sign/device (red lights)
(if camera-enforced, no points will be assessed) 4
Unlawful speed - 15 MPH or less over lawful or posted speed 3
(Fines are doubled when infractions occur within a school zone or construction zone, with possible civil penalties up to $1,000 and can be
required to complete driving school course.)
All other moving violations (including parking on a highway outside the
limits of municipalities) 3
Violation of curfew 3 Open container as an operator 3
Child restraint violation 3
*The driver receives the same number of points listed if the conviction occurs out-of-state or in a federal court.
Length of Suspension
12 points within a 12-month period 30 days
18 points within a 18-month period 3 months
24 points within a 36-month period 1 year
In computing points and suspensions, the ofense dates of all convictions are used. Three points will be deducted from the driver record of any
person whose driving privilege has been suspended only once under the point system and has been reinstated, if such person has complied with
all other requirements.
NOTE: A point suspension does not prohibit these convictions from being used to accumulate additional suspensions or revocations.
4.3 - Red Light Cameras/Infractions
Local and state governments are authorized to use trafc infraction detectors to enforce red light violations. It includes the use of trafc infraction
enforcement ofcers, the mailing of an initial notice of violation within 30 days of the ofense and mailing a trafc citation within 60 days if pay-
ment has not been received. The red light violation does not result in points being placed on the drivers record.
4.4 - Mandatory Restriction for Minors
Any driver under the age of 18 who accumulates six or more points within a 12 month period is automatically restricted for one year to driving for
Business Purposes ONLY. If additional points are accumulated the restriction is extended for 90 days for every additional point received.
4.4.1 - Time Restrictions
A licensed driver (Class E or higher) who is under the age of 17 may not operate a motor vehicle between 11:00 p.m. and 6:00 a.m., unless accom-
panied by a driver who is 21 years of age or older and holds a valid driver license (Class E or higher), or the operator is driving to or from work. A
licensed driver (Class E or higher) who is 17 years of age may not operate a motor vehicle between 1:00 a.m. and 5:00 a.m., unless accompanied by
a driver who is 21 years of age or older and holds a valid driver license (Class E or higher), or the operator is driving to and from work.
4.5 - Zero Tolerance
Any driver under 21 years of age who is stopped by law enforcement and has a breath or blood alcohol level of .02 or higher will automatically
have their driving privilege suspended for 6 months. Any driver under 21 with a breath or blood alcohol level of .05 or higher is required to attend
a substance abuse course. An evaluation will be completed and parents or legal guardians will be notifed of the results for all drivers under the age
of 19.
4.6 DrivingWhile Under the Infuence
You can be charged with DUI if you are found to be driving or in actual physical control of a motor vehicle while under the infuence of alcoholic
beverages or controlled substances. Controlled substances include: prescription drugs, depressants, stimulants, narcotics, hallucinogens and
model glue or other inhalants. At the time of arrest, you will be administratively suspended if you have a breath or blood alcohol
level of .08 or above or refuse to submit to a chemical test
4.6.1 - Penalties for DUI
(Including previous DWI and DUBAL convictions)
First Conviction
Fine $500-$1,000, with BAL .15 or higher or minor in the vehicle, not less than
1,000 or more than $2,000
Community Service 50 hours Probation Not more than 1 year Imprisonment Not more than
6 months; with BAL .15 or higher or minor in the vehicle, not more than
9 months
License Revocation Minimum 180 days
DUI School 12 hours DUI School
Requirement Evaluation conducted to determine need for treatment
Ignition Interlock Device Up to 6 continuous months
Second Ofense/Conviction
Fine $1,000-$2000, with BAL .15 or higher or minor in the vehicle, not less
than $2000r more than $4000
Imprisonment Not more than 9 months; 2nd conviction within 5 years, 10 days in jail, 48
hours of confnement must be consecutive
- 17 -
The inclusion of advertising does not constitute an
endorsement or the accuracy of the ad by the State of
Florida or the Florida Department of Highway Safety &
Motor Vehicles of the products or services advertised.
For drivers between the ages of
21 and 24 who were involved in
fatal crashes in 2009, 51 percent
of speeding drivers had a BAC of
.08 g/dL or higher, compared with
only 27 percent of non-speeding
drivers.
Source: Department of Transporation
Sponsored by
Dont Fail Your PermitTest. TakeOur PrepCourse!
- 18 -
License Revocation Minimum 180 days; 2nd ofense within 5 years after frst conviction; 5 year revocation
DUI School 21 hours DUI School Requirement Evaluation conducted to determine need for treatment
Ignition Interlock Device Minimum of 1 year
Third Ofense/Conviction
Fine $2,000-$5,000, with BAL .15 or higher or minor in the vehicle, not less than $4,000
Imprisonment Not more than 12 months; 3rd conviction within 10 years, mandatory 30 days in jail; 48 hours must be
consecutive
License Revocation Minimum 180 days; 3rd ofense within 10 years after second conviction; 10 year revocation
DUI School 21 hours DUI School Requirement Evaluation conducted to determine need for treatment
Ignition Interlock Device Minimum of 2 years
Fourth or More Conviction
Fine Not less than $1000
Imprisonment Not more than 5 years
License Revocation Permanent revocation
Ignition Interlock Device Five years
4.6.2 - Drinking and Driving
If you drink alcohol, even a little, your chances of being in a crash is much greater than if you did not drink any alcohol. No one can drink alcohol
and drive safely, even if you have been driving for many years. Young drivers are more afected by alcohol because their bodies are still in the
growth process and their livers have not developed to the extent that they can efciently process the alcohol in their blood stream.
Because drinking alcohol and then driving is so dangerous, the penalties are very tough. People who drive after drinking risk heavy fnes, higher
insurance rates, loss of license and even jail sentences. A DUI conviction will remain on your driving record for 75 years.
4.6.3 - The Dangers of Drinking and Driving
Alcohol reduces all of the important skills necessary to drive safely, such as judgment, reaction, vision and concentration. Alcohol is absorbed
into the lining of the stomach and then passes directly into the bloodstream and reaches your brain within minutes after consumption. Alcohol
afects those areas of your brain that control judgment and skill and is one reason why drinking alcohol is so dangerous; it afects your judgment.
A persons judgment is the frst thing afected after drinking an alcoholic beverage. Good judgment is important to driving but in this case,
judgment helps you to know when to stop drinking. Alcohol puts good judgment on hold. You do not know when you have had too much to drink
until it is too late. It is a little like a sunburn, by the time you feel it, it is already too late.
Alcohol slows your refexes and reaction time, reduces your ability to see clearly and makes you less alert. As the amount of alcohol in your body
increases, your judgment worsens and your skills decrease. You will have trouble judging distances, speeds and the movement of other vehicles.
You will also have trouble controlling your vehicle. If You Drink, Do Not Drive! The best advice is, if you drink alcohol, do not drive. Even one drink
of alcohol can afect your driving. With two or more drinks in your bloodstream you are impaired and could be arrested.
It takes about an hour for your body to get rid of each drink. Time is the only thing that will sober you up.
There are ways of dealing with social situations. Arrange to go with two or more persons and agree which one of you will not drink alcohol. You can
rotate among the group being a designated driver.You can use public transportation or a taxi, if available.
4.6.4 - Implied Consent Law
You will be asked to take a blood test, a urine test, or a breath test if an ofcer thinks that you are under the infuence of alcohol or drugs while
driving. By law, if you drive in Florida, you have agreed by signing your driver license to take these tests if asked. If you refuse to take the tests when
asked, your license will automatically be suspended for one year. A second refusal will result in an 18 month suspension and is a second degree
misdemeanor.
In DUI cases involving death or serious injury, you will be required to take the blood test without your consent. The blood must be drawn by a doc-
tor, nurse or other health professional. If you are unconscious and cannot refuse the blood test, blood may be drawn. The results of the test may be
used as evidence, even if you object after becoming conscious.
4.6.5 - Other Drugs and Driving
Besides alcohol, there are many other drugs that can afect a persons ability to drive safely. These drugs can have efects like those of alcohol, or
even worse. This is true of many prescription drugs and even many of the drugs you can buy without a prescription. Drugs taken for headaches,
colds, hay fever or other allergies or those to calm nerves can make a person drowsy and afect their driving. Pep pills, uppers and diet pills can
cause a person to be nervous, dizzy, and unable to concentrate and can afect his or her vision. Other prescription drugs can afect your refexes,
judgment, vision and alertness in ways similar to alcohol.
If you are driving, check the label before you take a drug for warnings about its efects. If you are not sure it is safe to take the drug and drive, ask
your doctor or pharmacist about any side efects.
Never drink alcohol while you are taking other drugs. These drugs could multiply the efects of alcohol or have additional efects of their own.
These efects not only reduce your ability to be a safe driver but could cause serious health problems, even death.
Illegal and some legal drugs may afect your ability to be a safe driver. For example, studies have shown that people who use marijuana make more
mistakes, have more trouble adjusting to glare, and get arrested for trafc violations more than other drivers.
4.7 - Emotions
Emotions can have an efect on driving safely. You may not be able to drive well if you are overly worried,
excited, afraid, angry or depressed.
If you are angry or excited, give yourself time to cool of. If necessary take a short walk, but stay of
the road until you have calmed down.
If you are worried, down or are upset about something, try to keep your mind on your driving. Some
fnd listening to the radio helps.
If you are impatient, give yourself extra time for your driving trip. Leave a few minutes early. If you
have plenty of time, you may not tend to speed or do other things that can get you a trafc ticket or
cause a crash. Dont be impatient. Wait for a train to cross in front of you. Driving around lowered
gates or trying to beat the train can be fatal.
4.8 - Other Serious Violations of the License Law
You can be put in jail or made to pay a fne for the following ofenses:
Changing your license in any way. Any changes must be made by the Department.
Unlawful use of your license, including allowing your license to be used by another person.
Making a fraudulent application for a driver license or identifcation card.
Having more than one Florida driver license.
Allowing an unlicensed person to use your car, or renting a motor vehicle to someone without a license.
Giving false statements to an ofcer or in a courtroom.
Knowingly giving false information in crash reports.
Failing to make crash reports.
4.9 - Administrative Hearings
If your driving privilege is suspended or revoked you may be eligible to apply for a hardship license or reinstatement. For eligibility information,
contact the local Bureau of Administrative Reviews ofce, driver license ofce, Tax Collector licensing agent, or the Customer Service Center.
If you are administratively suspended for a breath or blood alcohol level of .08 or above or refuse to submit to a chemical test and wish to appeal
this suspension, you must apply for a formal or informal review hearing at the appropriate Division of Motorist Services or Bureau of Administrative
Reviews ofce within 10 days of your date of arrest. This suspension is in addition to any penalties directed by the court. Hearing fling fees up to
$25 may apply.
4.10 - Florida Motor Vehicle Insurance Laws
In Florida, there are two motor vehicle insurance laws. They are the Financial Responsibility Law and the No-Fault law. It is important that you
understand these laws because if you do not have the proper insurance, you can lose your driver license and license plate(s) and have to pay large
fees to get them back.
4.10.1 - The Financial Responsibility Law
The Financial Responsibility Law requires owners and operators of motor vehicles to be fnancially responsible for damages and/or injuries they
may cause to others when a motor vehicle crash happens.
This law requires any person to have bodily injury liability insurance at the time of the following:
1. A citation for DUI, which results in a revocation.
These cases require the following minimum insurance coverage:
$100,000 Bodily Injury Liability (BIL) (to one person).
$300,000 Bodily Injury Liability to two or more persons.
$50,000 Property Damage Liability (PDL)

If you do not have the required insurance to comply with the Financial Responsibility Law, your driver license and/or license plates will be
suspended for up to three years. You will have to pay a reinstatement fee and show the department certifed proof of full liability insurance on
Form FR-44 for three years from the original suspension date to get your driving privilege back.
2. A suspension for excessive points against your driver license.
3. A crash where you are at fault and injuries have occurred.
4. A revocation for Habitual Trafc Ofender.
- 19 -
The inclusion of advertising does not constitute an
endorsement or the accuracy of the ad by the State of
Florida or the Florida Department of Highway Safety &
Motor Vehicles of the products or services advertised.
Headset cell phone use is not
substantially safer than
hand-held use.
Source: Department of Transporation
Sponsored by
Your One-Stop Shop for Getting Your Permit!
- 20 -
5. A revocation for any serious ofense where this department is required to revoke your license.
The cases listed above (excluding DUI) must have the following minimum insurance coverage:
$10,000 Bodily Injury Liability (BIL) (to one person).
$20,000 Bodily Injury Liability to two or more persons.
$10,000 Property Damage Liability (PDL), or
$30,000 Combined single limits.
If involved in any of the above violations (excluding DUI) and you do not have insurance to comply with the Financial Responsibility Law, your
driver license and/or license plates will be suspended for up to three years. You will have to pay a $15 reinstatement fee and show the department
certifed proof of full liability insurance on Form SR-22 for three years from the original suspension date to get your driving privilege back.
In addition, if you are the driver or the owner of a vehicle which is in a crash that is your fault, this department can require you to pay for the dam-
ages before your driving privilege is reinstated.
Under this law, to protect yourself and others, you should have liability insurance on any motor vehicle you own or drive, including motorcycles.
4.10.2 - The No-Fault Law
The Florida No-Fault Law requires owners of motor vehicles with four or more wheels (excluding taxis and limousines) that have been in the state
for at least 90 consecutive or non-consecutive days during the past 365 days to purchase a policy delivered or issued for delivery in this state. The
minimum coverage is:
$10,000 of Personal Injury Protection (PIP)
$10,000 of Property Damage Liability (PDL)
You cannot buy a license plate and registration for a car, or other four-wheel vehicle, without having coverage issued in Florida. Once you have this
insurance, anytime you renew it, fail to renew it, cancel it, or the insurance company cancels, the insurance company must notify this department.
The department will then notify you to provide proof of new coverage. If you fail to provide proof of insurance, your driver license and license
plate(s) will be suspended for up to three years.
You must maintain insurance coverage throughout the vehicle registration period or you must surrender the license plate(s) to any driver
license ofce.
If you are cited by a law enforcement ofcer for not providing proof of insurance and pay the civil penalty or are convicted in court, your driving
privilege will be suspended.
If your driver license and license plate(s) are suspended for not having insurance under the No-Fault Law, you will have to pay $150 and show proof
of current insurance to get them back. For a second ofense within three years, you will pay $250. For a third ofense within three years, you will
have to pay $500. Also, if your driver license and plate(s) have been under suspension for 30 days or more for a no-fault insurance violation, a police
ofcer can seize your license plate immediately. To prevent an insurance suspension of your license and avoid reinstatement fees, turn in your
license plate to a Florida driver license or Tax Collector ofce prior to canceling your insurance.
Efective 10/01/06, all taxicabs are required to maintain the following insurance to register a vehicle in Florida.
Bodily Injury Liability per person: $125,000.
Bodily Injury Liability per occurrence: $250,000
Property Damage Liability: $50,000
Or Combined Single Limit Coverage: $300,000
General Information
You will be issued a Florida Insurance I.D. Card from your insurance company. You must have this card ready to show to any law enforcement ofcer
to prove that you have the required insurance. If not, you may receive a ticket for not having proof of insurance.
If your driver license or license plate(s) are suspended for not obeying either of these laws, you cannot get a temporary license for any reason, not
even for work purposes only. Any person who makes a false statement or commits forgery about their motor vehicle insurance can be guilty of a
second degree misdemeanor.
The Department will always provide you with an opportunity to prove insurance coverage or be heard before being suspended.
How to comply:
1. By purchasing a motor vehicle insurance policy from a company licensed to do business in Florida.
2. By obtaining a Financial Responsibility Certifcate from the Bureau of Motorist Compliance after posting a satisfactory surety bond of a com-
pany licensed to do business in Florida.
- 21 -
3. By obtaining a Financial Responsibility Certifcate from the Bureau of Motorist Compliance
by depositing cash or securities with the Department.
4. By obtaining a Self Insurance Certifcate from the Bureau of Motorist Compliance by
providing satisfactory evidence of possessing a net unencumbered capital.
Remember: Automobile insurance is an important part of your driving privilege. Protect yourself
and others by having and keeping the proper insurance coverage.
4.11 - Trafc Crashes
4.11.1 - Your Responsibilities
1. Stop
If you are in a crash while driving, you must stop. If anyone is hurt, you must get help. You must also be ready to give your name, address, and
vehicle registration number, as well as show your driver license to others involved in the crash.
2. Report the Crash
If the crash causes injury, death, or property damage, it must be reported. Call the local police, the Florida Highway Patrol, or the county
Sherifs ofce. If the crash involves a charge of driving under the infuence (DUI) or results in death, injury, or property damage to the extent a
wrecker must tow a vehicle, the ofcer will fll out a report. If the crash is investigated by an ofcer, the driver need not make a written report.
If property damage appears to be over $500 and no report is written by an ofcer, you must make a written report of the crash to the Depart-
ment of Highway Safety and Motor Vehicles within 10 days. The ofcer will provide you with a copy of the form for your records.
3. Move Your Car If It Is BlockingTrafc
If you are involved in a minor crash and your car is blocking the fow of trafc, you must move it. If you cannot move it yourself, you must get
help or call a tow truck. This is true anytime your vehicle is blocking the fow of trafc whether it has been involved in a crash or not.
4. Appear In Court
If you are charged in a crash, you may have to go to court. The ofcer who comes to the scene of the crash will fle charges against any driver
who violated a trafc law. Anyone who is charged will have a chance to explain to the court what happened. The court will then decide what
the penalty is. Anyone who is not charged with violating the law may have to come to court as a witness. If you are found at fault in a collision
where anyone is injured and transported to a medical treatment facility or it is your second collision in a two-year period, you will be required
by law to attend a Trafc Collision Avoidance Course. The trafc school that conducts this course can be found in the yellow pages of your local
telephone book under Driving Instruction.
A driver convicted of leaving the scene of a crash involving death or personal injury will have his or her license revoked. The driver is also subject to
criminal penalties.
Crash Involving an Unattended Vehicle
If, while driving, you hit a vehicle with no one in it or if you damage any object that belongs to someone else, you must tell the owner. Give the
owner your name, address, and tag number in person or in a note that is easily seen. Report the crash immediately to the proper law enforcement
agency.
4.11.2 - Three Crashes in Three Years Law:
Efective January 1, 2010, section 322.0261(1)(c) requires that if you were convicted of or pleaded nolo contender to your third trafc ofense that
caused a crash within 36 months, you must complete a department approved driver improvement course that includes behind-the-wheel training
and an assessment of your driving safety. The department notifes you of this requirement based on a qualifying third at fault crash occurring on or
after January 1, 2010.
What you must do to avoid driver license cancellation:
Complete 12 hours of the 3-in-3 Crash Course or an approved advanced driver improvement course (ADI).
Receive 4-hours of behind-the-wheel training from a Florida licensed commercial driving school (CDS).
Pass the extended road test with a DL examiner or Tax Collector licensing agent.
Failure to complete these requirements within 90 days will result in a license cancellation.
4.12 - Littering
Drivers are responsible for any littering from their vehicles. Use ash trays for cigarettes and litter bags for trash while riding in motor vehicles. Empty
ashtrays and litter bags only into trash cans. Littering is a crime. People who throw trash on public streets and highways can be fned up to $500 or
jailed up to 60 days. You can be charged with a frst-degree misdemeanor and fned up to $1,000 if dumping more than 15 pounds of trash.
The court may also require you to pick up litter along roadways.
4.13 - Road Damage
It is against the law to damage the roads by driving on the rim of a fat tire or by any other means.
Theinclusion of advertisingdoes not constitutean endorsement or the
accuracy of the ad by the State of Florida or the Florida Department of
Highway Safety & Motor Vehicles oftheproducts or services advertised.
Text messaging creates a crash risk 23
times worse than driving while not
distracted.
Source: Department of Transporation
Sponsored by
Get Your Written Permit Test Online!
- 22 -
Test Your Knowledge
1. What would happened to a person that did not stop to give help when the vehicle they are driving is involved in a crash causing death or per-
sonal injury? (See section 4.1)
2. If you receive twelve points within twelve months, for how long will your license be suspended? (See section 4.2)
3. When can you be charged with driving under the infuence (DUI)? (See section 4.6)
4. Both your judgment and vision are afected after drinking alcohol. Which is afected frst? (See section 4.6.3)
5. What are the penalties for failing to take a blood test, a urine test, or a breath test? (See section 4.6.4)
6. When must you comply with the Financial Responsibility Law (Prove you are insured with bodily injury liability insurance)? (See section 4.10.1)
7. What type of insurance must you have on motor vehicles with four or more wheels? (See section 4.10.2)
8. When a crash results in property damages of any amount, must the driver notify the Florida Highway Patrol, the Sherifs Department, or the city
police department? (See section 4.11)
9. If you hit a parked car and are unable to fnd the owner, what should you do? (See section 4.11.1)
10. After a crash has been investigated by an ofcer, does the driver need to send a written report to the Department of Highway Safety and Motor
Vehicles? (See section 4.11.1)
11. What are the penalties for littering? (See section 4.12)
Section 5 - Driving Safety
Good driving is based on practice and being alert at the wheel. When driving, you must make sure that nothing interferes with your ability to see
the road, react to situations or operate your vehicle properly. You must look down the road, to the sides and behind your vehicle and be alert for
unexpected events. Be alert to what is going on around you and do not take your eyes of the road for more than a few seconds at any one time. Do
not have objects inside your vehicle that might interfere with your ability to drive safely. This might include objects that obstruct your view of the
road or mirrors.
5.1 - Distracted Drivers
Good drivers develop habits that focus their full attention on driving. Some drivers can develop bad habits that can be very dangerous when driv-
ing. Some bad habits that distract your attention away from driving are:
Driving when ill, upset or angry.
Driving while eating and drinking.
Driving while adjusting the radio or changing CDs/tapes/digital players.
Driving while calling, answering, talking or texting on a mobile phone.
Reading while driving.
Driving while drowsy or fatigued.
5.2 - Getting Ready to Drive
Before you start your engine:
Make sure all windows are clean. Remove anything that blocks your view of the road.
Adjust the seat so you can reach all controls.
Adjust the inside and outside rearview mirrors. You should not have to lean forward or backward to use them.
Lock all car doors.
Put on your safety belts. Ask all passengers to do the same.
Make sure your car is in park or neutral gear before starting the engine. Never move your car until you have looked in front, behind and to the
side for pedestrians and oncoming trafc. Then, signal and pull into trafc
5.3 - Defensive Driving
Defensive driving means doing all you can to prevent crashes. As a defensive driver, you will give a little. You will change your driving to ft the
weather conditions, the way you feel, and the actions of other drivers, bicyclists and pedestrians. Follow these steps to avoid crashes:
1. Look for possible danger. Think about what might happen. If there are children playing by the road, plan what you will do if one runs or rides
into the street.
2. Understand what can be done to prevent a crash. See the defensive driving tips which
follow and the Handling Emergencies section later in this chapter.
3. Act in time. Once you have seen a dangerous situation, act right away to prevent a crash.
Use these defensive driving tips if you see that you are about to be involved in a crash:
It is better to swerve right instead of toward oncoming trafc to prevent a crash.
Hitting a row of bushes is better than hitting a tree, post or solid object.
Hitting a vehicle moving in the same direction as you are is better than hitting a
vehicle head-on.
It is better to drive of the road than skid of when avoiding a crash.
It is better to hit something that is not moving instead of a vehicle moving toward you.
Teen drivers are more likely than other age
groups to be involved in a fatal crash where
distraction is reported. In 2009, 16%of teen
drivers involved in a fatal crash were reported
to have been distracted.
Source: Department of Transporation
Sponsored by
Get Your Written Permit Test Online!
The inclusion of advertising does not constitute an endorsement or the
accuracy of the ad by the State of Florida or the Florida Department of
Highway Safety & Motor Vehicles of the products or services advertised.
- 23 -
The inclusion of advertising does not constitute an endorsement or the ac-
curacy of the ad by the State of Florida or the Florida Department of High-
way Safety & Motor Vehicles of the products or services advertised.
Driving while using a cell phone reduces the amount
of brain activity associated with driving by 37%.
Source: Department of Transporation
Sponsored by
Your One-Stop Shop for Getting Your Permit!
5.4 - When You Back Up
Check behind your vehicle before you get in. Children or small objects cannot be seen from the drivers seat. Place your right arm on the back of
the seat and turn around so that you can look directly through the rear window. Do not depend on your rearview or side mirrors as you cannot see
directly behind your vehicle. Back slowly; your vehicle is much harder to steer while you are backing. Whenever possible use a person outside the
vehicle to help you back up.
5.5 - Avoiding Rear-end Collisions
Many crashes happen because one vehicle runs into the back of another one. Here are some things you can do to lower the risk of someone run-
ning into the rear of your vehicle.
Check your brake lights often to make sure they are clean and working properly.
Know what is going on around you. Use your rearview mirrors.
Signal well in advance for turns, stops and lane changes.
Slow down gradually. Avoid any sudden actions.
Drive with the fow of trafc (within the speed limit). Driving too slowly can be as dangerous as driving toofast.
To avoid striking the vehicle in the front of you, keep at least two seconds following distance. This is accomplished by using the two-second
rule. Information for the two-second rule is found under the section, Minimum Safe Following Distances.
5.6 - Basic Driver Improvement
Any driver can take a basic driver improvement course. The course teaches ways of keeping crashes from happening. One driver can sign up, or a
group can request a class. Consult your yellow pages under Driving Instruction for the location nearest you.
5.7 - Safety Belts
The driver and front seat passengers must wear seat belts. The seat belt law applies to passenger cars
manufactured beginning with the 1968 model year, and trucks beginning with the 1972 model year.
It is unlawful for any person to operate a vehicle in this state unless every passenger of the vehicle under the
age of 18 is restrained by a safety belt or by a child restraint device, regardless of seating position. A seat belt
violation will be charged to the driver when a person under 18 is not restrained by a safety belt or a child
restraint device. If the passenger is 18 years of age or older and fails to wear a seat belt when required by
law, the passenger will be charged with the violation.
The law exempts the following from the seat belt requirements:
Any person certifed by a physician as having a medical condition that causes the seat belt use to be inappropriate or dangerous.
Employee of a newspaper home delivery service while delivering newspapers on home delivery routes.
School buses.
Buses used for transportation of persons for compensation.
Farm equipment.
Trucks of a net weight of more than 26,000 pounds.
Motorcycle, moped or bicycle.
In a crash, you are far more likely to be killed if you are not wearing a safety belt. Wearing shoulder belts and lap belts make your chances of living
through a crash twice as good.
In a crash, safety belts:
Keep you from being thrown from the vehicle. The risk of death is fve times greater if you are thrown from a vehicle in a crash.
Keep you from being thrown against others in the vehicle.
Keep the driver behind the wheel, where he or she can control the vehicle.
Keep you from being thrown against parts of your vehicle, such as the steering wheel or windshield.
Safety Belts Save Lives!
Wear a lap belt around your hips, not your stomach. Fasten the belt snugly. Wear a shoulder belt only with a lap belt. Dont just use your safety belt
for long trips or high-speed highways. More than half of the crashes that cause injury or death happen at speeds less than 40 MPH and within 25
miles from home.
- 24 -
5.8 - Protecting Children
All Children 5 Years Of Age Or Younger Must Use A Restraint Device When Riding In A Motor Vehicle.
The number one killer of young children in the United States is trafc crashes in which children were not restrained at all. Over 90 percent of the
deaths and 80 percent of the injuries in car crashes could be prevented by using crash-tested child restraints.
Children should be secured in the rear seat. Never secure a child in the front passenger side, especially if your vehicle has an air bag. The law re-
quires every driver to properly secure children fve years of age or younger in child restraint devices riding in a passenger car, van, or pick-up truck,
regardless of whether the vehicle is registered in this state. Infant carriers or childrens car seats must be used for children up to three years of age
and younger. Child restraint requirements do not apply to a chaufeur driven taxi, limousine, sedan, van, bus motor coach, or other passenger
vehicle if the operator and vehicle are for hire; however, it is the obligation and responsibility of the parent, guardian or other person responsible
for the childs welfare.
For children aged four through fve years of age, a separate carrier, an integrated child seat or a seat belt may be used. All infant carriers and car
seats must be crash-tested and approved by the U.S. Government. Children being carried or riding bicycles should wear properly ftted bicycle
helmets.
5.8.1 - What is the Best Child Seat?
The one that fts your child.
The one that fts your vehicle.
The one that you will use correctly every time.
For more information on the best child seat, please visit:
http://www.fhsmv.gov/fhp/CPS/ and obtain information on Occupant Protection & Child Passenger Safety News.
5.8.2 - Leaving Children Unattended or Unsupervised in Motor Vehicles
Parents, legal guardian, or other persons responsible for a child younger than six years of age may not leave such child unattended or unsupervised
in a motor vehicle: for a period of excess of 15 minutes; for any time if the motor of the vehicle is running and the child appears to be in distress.
Any person violating this law has committed a misdemeanor of the second degree. Violations of this law causing great bodily harm, permanent
disability, or permanent disfgurement to the child commits a felony of the third degree.
Do not leave children unattended or unsupervised in a motor vehicle.
WARNING: DONOT LEAVE CHILDRENUNATTENDED; ESPECIALLY WHENIT IS HOT OUTSIDE!
On a hot summer day, the interior of a car can get dangerously hot. One study found that with the windows up and the temperature out-
side at 94 degrees, the inside of a car could be 122 degrees in just half an hour, or 132 degrees after an hour.
5.9 - Speed Limits
Speed causes many crashes. More drivers are convicted of speeding than any other ofense. To avoid being fned or involved in a crash, obey the
speed limits. Speed is very important in a collision. If you double the speed of a car, you increase its force of impact four times. If you triple the
speed, the impact is nine times as great.
70 Does Not Always Mean 70
Remember that speed limits show the fastest speed you may drive under good conditions. You are
responsible for adjusting your driving speed to the road conditions. For example, if the weather is bad or
there is a lot of trafc, you must drive more slowly than the posted speed. The safe speed is the one that
allows you to have complete control of your vehicle and avoid collisions with other vehicles and pedestrians.
Florida StandardSpeed Limits
Municipal Speed Areas 30
Business or Residential Area 30
Rural Interstate 70*
Limited Access Highways 70
All Other Roads and Highways 55*
School Zones 20
*The 55 MPH maximum speed limit is still in efect in Florida except where otherwise posted. *Speed limits are 70 MPH on some rural Interstate
highways. Speed limits may be changed on other multi-lane highways and in areas where the conditions require lower speeds. Drivers should not
assume because the area appears to be a particular urban, municipality, business or highway area that the speed is the standard or expected speed
zone. Observe and obey the posted speed signs as there may be frequent changes from area to area along the selected roads or highways.
Speed limit signs are posted at the beginning of a speed zone and drivers must be driving no higher than that speed starting at the location of the
posted sign and continuing until there is a posted speed limit change.
The inclusion of advertising does not constitute an
endorsement or the accuracy of the ad by the State of
Florida or the Florida Department of Highway Safety &
Motor Vehicles of the products or services advertised.
16%of fatal crashes in 2009
involved reports of distracted
driving.
Source: Department of Transporation
Sponsored by
Ready to Drive? This is where is all starts!
- 29 -
The inclusion of advertising does not constitute an
endorsement or the accuracy of the ad by the State of
Florida or the Florida Department of Highway Safety &
Motor Vehicles of the products or services advertised.
40%of all American teens say
they have been in a car when the
driver used a cell phone in a way
that put people in danger.
Source: Department of Transporation
Sponsored by
Dont Fail Your PermitTest. TakeOur PrepCourse!
5.16 - Driveways
Drivers entering and exiting a road from a driveway, alley or roadside should yield to vehicles
already on the main road and bicyclists and pedestrians on the sidewalk, shared use path or bike
lanes.
5.17 - Emergency Vehicles
Pedestrians and drivers must yield the right-of-way to law enforcement vehicles, fre engines and
other emergency vehicles using sirens and/ or fashing lights. Pull over to the closest edge of the
roadway immediately and stop until the emergency vehicle has passed. Do not block intersections.
5.17.1 - Move Over
(See section 1.5 for information about the Move Over Law)
5.9.1 - DrivingToo Slowly is also Against the Law
Drive with the fow of trafc (within the speed limit). You should not drive so slowly that you block other vehicles moving at normal, safe speeds.
When driving slower than the fow of trafc, keep right so others may safely pass. You can be issued a ticket for driving too slowly. When the
posted speed limit is 70 mph, the minimum speed limit is 50 mph.
5.10 - Following Ofcers and Firemans Instructions
If you are stopped by a law enforcement ofcer, pull of immediately to the extreme right, clear of trafc when possible. Turn of your engine. Re-
duce your headlights to the parking light position at night. Sit calmly and follow the instructions of the ofcer. You must follow any lawful order or
direction of (1) any law enforcement ofcer or (2) any freman at the scene of a fre who is directing trafc. If a law enforcement ofcer is directing
trafc where there are signal lights, obey the ofcer - not the signals.
5.11 - Crossing Intersections
More crashes happen at intersections than any other place. Be very careful when approaching any intersection or driveway.
Look both ways and be ready to brake or stop.
Drive at the slowest speed just before entering the intersection, not while crossing.
Do not pass or change lanes.
Be aware of vehicles behind you. Will they be able to stop if necessary? If you are stopped, look for bicyclists and pedestrians who may be
crossing the intersection from either direction or motorists on the cross street who may be passing a bicycle or other vehicle and be in the
opposing lane.
5.12 - Right-of-Way
Who has the right-of-way in Florida? The answer is no one! The law only says who must yield (give up) the right-of-way. Every driver, motorcyclist,
moped rider, bicyclist and pedestrian must do everything possible to avoid a crash.
5.13 - Stop Signs
After a complete stop, you must yield the right-of-way to all other trafc and pedestrians at stop signs. Move forward only when the road is clear. At
four-way stops, the frst vehicle to stop should move forward frst. If two vehicles reach the intersection at the same time, the driver on the left
yields to the driver on the right.
5.14 - Open Intersections
An open intersection is one without trafc control signs or signals. When you enter one, you must yield the
right-of-way if:
A vehicle is already in the intersection.
You enter or cross a state highway from a secondary road.
You enter a paved road from an unpaved road.
You plan to make a left turn and a vehicle is approaching from the opposite direction.
When two cars enter an open intersection at the same time, the driver on the left must yield to the driver on the right.
5.15 - Roundabouts
Roundabouts are circular intersections with no trafc signal which improve trafc fow and reduce trafc crashes.
Roundabouts slow vehicle speed, give drivers more time to judge and react to other vehicles or pedestrians.
Drivers entering the roundabout must yield to trafc already in the circle and are directed in one-way,
counterclockwise direction. For multilane roundabouts, stay in the left lane to turn left and the right lane to turn
right, and all lanes to go through, unless otherwise directed by signs or pavement markings. Stay in your lane
within the roundabout and use your right turn signal to indicate your intention to exit.
Prior to entering or exiting the roundabout, drivers must yield to pedestrians in the crosswalks. Bicyclists may take
the hlane in the roundabout, or use the sidewalk.
- 30 -
The inclusion of advertising does not constitute an
endorsement or the accuracy of the ad by the State of
Florida or the Florida Department of Highway Safety &
Motor Vehicles of the products or services advertised.
Driving while using a cell phone
reduces the amount of brain
activity associated with driving
by 37%.
Source: Department of Transporation
Sponsored by
Get Your Written Permit Test Online!
more lanes with two-way trafc, drive in the right lanes except when overtaking and passing. Left
lanes on some interstate roads are reserved for car pool vehicles with two or more occupants in the car
- car pool vehicles with two or more occupants in the car - watch for diamond signs in the median. The
center lane of a three-lane or fve-lane highway is used only for turning left.
If you see red refectors facing you on the lane lines, you are on the wrong side of the road. Get into
the proper lane immediately! If you see red refectors on the lines on the edge of the road, you are on
the wrong freeway ramp. Pull over immediately! Red refectors always mean you are facing trafc the
wrong way and could have a head-on collision.
Some roads have lanes reserved for bicycles. Motorized vehicles are not allowed to drive in bike lanes,
except at intersections where indicated by broken white lines, and only when no bicyclists are present
in the bike lane.
5.18 - MakingTurns
Turning a corner may seem to be a simple operation, but many trafc crashes are caused by drivers who do not turn correctly.
There are nine steps in making a good turn:
1. Make up your mind about your turn before you get to the turning point. Turn signals are required when changing lanes.
Never makelast minute turns.
2. If you must change lanes, look behind and to both sides to see where other vehicles are located before making your turn.
3. Move into the correct lane as you near the intersection. The correct lane for the right turn is the lane next to the right
edge of the roadway.
4. On a two-lane road with trafc in both directions, an approach for a left turn should be made in the part of the right half
of the roadway nearest the center line.
5. Give a turn signal for at least the last 100 feet before you make your turn. Let other drivers know what you are going to
do. Be sure that the drivers around you have time to see your signal before you move.
6. Slow down to a safe turning speed. Pay attention to no turn on red or stop here when pedestrians are present/crossing.
7. When you are slowing to make a right turn, the bicyclist you passed may be catching up to you. Search over your
shoulder before turning. Yield to bicyclists and pedestrians. After checking that trafc is clear, look in the direction of
travel to avoid colliding with a vehicle or pedestrian in front of you.
8. Always scan for pedestrians before starting a left turn. Yield to pedestrians who may be crossing in your path when
turning left. Only turn left when the path is clear of pedestrians, bicyclists and vehicles.
9. Make the turn, staying in the proper lane. Yield the rightof-way to vehicles (including bicycles) coming from the opposite
direction or vehicles lawfully passing on the left.
10. Finish your turn in the proper lane. A right turn should be from the right lane into the right lane of the roadway entered.
A left turn may be completed in any lane lawfully available, or safe, for the desired direction of travel. See the diagrams
for making left turns from or into one-way streets.
If you reach an intersection where you wish to make a right or left turn and are not in the proper lane, you should drive to the
next intersection. Then make the turn from the proper lane.
5.19 - Turnabout (Three-Point Turn)
Sometimes you will need to turn your car around in a very small space. Use a three-point turn only if
the road is too narrow for a U-turn and you cant go around the block. To make a three-point turn:
1. Move as far right as possible, check trafc, and signal a left turn.
2. Turn the steering wheel sharply to the left and move forward slowly. Stop at the curb, or edge
of roadway.
3. Shift to reverse, turn your wheels sharply to the right, check trafc, and back your vehicle to the
right curb, or edge of roadway.
You can now move in the opposite direction. Check the trafc and move forward. Never make a three-
point turn or a U-turn on a curve, a hill or when a sign indicates that making a U-turn is prohibited.
5.20 - Turn Signals and Emergency Signals
You must use hand signals or directional signals to show that you are about
to turn. Turn signals are required by law when changing lanes or overtaking
a vehicle. You should use your turn signals to indicate your intention with
sufcient time to allow other drivers around you to see your signal BEFORE
you move. It is against the law to use your directional signals to tell drivers
behind you that they can pass. Four-way emergency fashers should only be
used while your vehicle is legally stopped or disabled on the highway or shoulder.
5.21 - Trafc Lanes
On a two-lane highway, you are allowed to drive on the left half of the roadway when it is safe to pass and passing is allowed. If the road has four or
- 31 -
5.22 - Blind Spots
Blind spots are areas near the left and right rear corners of your vehicle that you cannot see in your rearview
mirrors. Before you move sideways to change lanes on an expressway or topass on any road, turn your head
to make sure these areas are clear. Areas bordered by Xs are blind spots for a car with an outside mirror on the
left side only.
On the roads with more than one lane in each direction, do not drive in someone elses blind spot. Speed up
or drop back so the other driver can see you.
5.23 - Passing
Stay a safe distance behind the vehicle you want to pass. The closer you get to the vehicle you want to pass, the less you can see ahead. This is
especially true when passing trucks, trailers, and other large vehicles.
Before you pull out to pass, check your blind spots and make sure that you have plenty of time and room to pass.
On a two-lane road, tap your horn, or at night blink your headlights to let the other driver know you are passing.
Give your signal before you move into the left lane. Turn signals are required when changing lanes. Be sure that the drivers around you have
time to see your signal BEFORE you move.
Do not return to the right side of the road until you can see the tires of the vehicle you passed in your rearview mirror.
You must return to the right side of the road before coming within 200 feet of any vehicle coming from the opposite direction.
Passing on the right is only legal when there are two or more lanes of trafc moving in the same direction or the vehicle you are passing is
making a left turn. Pulling of the roadway to pass on the right is against the law.
Other parked or stopped vehicles can create vision blockage obscuring the presence of pedestrians crossing the road or cyclists sharing the road-
way. If another vehicle has stopped in an adjacent lane in the same direction of travel, be observant in case the other motorist has stopped for a
pedestrian or disabled vehicle.
5.23.1 - Being Passed
The driver of the car being passed must not increase speed until the pass is complete.
Help other drivers pass you safely. Move to the right side of your lane to give them more room and a better view of the road ahead.
5.23.2 - When You May Not Pass
You may not pass on a two-lane road with trafc moving in opposite
directions under these conditions:
Where you see a DO NOT PASS or NO PASSING ZONE sign. The
prohibition of passing in a no-Passing zone does not apply when an
obstruction exists making it necessary to drive to the left of the
center of the highway [s 316.0875(3) F.S.]. Thus, when a cyclist is
traveling so slowly as to constitute an obstruction, a motorist may
cross the center line in a no-passing zone if the way is clear to do so,
i.e., when it can be seen that oncoming trafc is far enough away the
pass may be completed before coming within 200 feet of an
oncoming vehicle.
Where a solid yellow line is painted on your side of the center line.
On hills or curves, and at intersections.
Within 100 feet of a bridge, viaduct, tunnel, or railroad crossing.
Violators may be arrested or issued a ticket.
5.24 - MinimumSafe Following Distances
Leave plenty of space between you and the vehicle ahead, including bicycles. If it stops quickly, you will need time to see the danger and stop.
5.24.1 - Using the Two-Second Rule
At any speed, you can use the two-second rule to see if you are far enough behind the car in front of you:
Watch the vehicle ahead pass some fxed point - an overpass, sign, fence corner, or other marker.
Count of the seconds it takes you to reach the same spot in the road (one thousand and one, one thousand and two...).
If you reach the mark before you fnish counting, you are following too closely. Slow down and check your following distance again.
The two-second rule applies to any speed in good weather and road conditions. If road or weather conditions are not good, double your following
distance. You should also double your following distance when driving a motor home or towing a trailer.
5.24.2 - Following Distance for Trucks
A truck or any vehicle towing another vehicle may not follow within 300 feet of another truck or vehicle towing a vehicle. This law does not apply to
overtaking and passing, and it does not apply within cities or towns.
5.25 - Parking
When parking on a public road, move as far away from trafc as possible. If there is a roadside shoulder, pull as far onto it as you can.
- 32 -
If there is a curb, pull close to it - you must not park more than one foot away.
Always park on the right side of the roadway, unless it is a one-way street. Make sure your vehicle cannot move. Set the parking brake and shift to
park with an automatic transmission or reverse with a manual transmission. Turn of the engine and lock the vehicle. Florida law requires that you
take the keys out of your vehicle before leaving it. Always check trafc behind you before getting out, especially for bicyclists who may be endan-
gered by an opening door, or get out on the curb side.
Before you leave any parked position, look over your shoulder to the rear to make sure the way is clear. Give the proper turn signal if driving from a
curb and yield to other trafc.
5.25.1 - Parking on Hills
When parking on hills:
Turn your wheels so that if your car starts to move, it will roll away from trafc or
into the curb. Study the diagram provided.
Set the parking brake.
Place automatic gear shift in park. Shift manual gears to reverse (downhill) or frst
(uphill).
Turn vehicle of.
5.25.2 - Straight-in Parking
The rear markers represent the REAR corners of the parking space. The forward markers
represent the approximate CENTER of the parking space. When properly parked, the
vehicle should be centered inside the space with no part of the vehicle extending out
into the trafc lane.
5.25.3 - Where Parking is not Allowed
On the roadway side of another parked vehicle (double parking).
On crosswalks.
On sidewalks.
In bicycle lanes
In front of driveways.
By curbs painted yellow or whereNo Parking signs are posted.
Within intersections.
Within 15 feet of a fre hydrant.
Within 20 feet of an intersection.
Within 20 feet of the entrance to a fre, ambulance or rescue squad station.
Within 50 feet of a railroad crossing.
On the hard surface of a highway where parking spaces are not marked.
On any bridge or overpass or in any tunnel.
Within 30 feet of a rural mail box on a state highway between 8 a.m. and 6 p.m.
Within 30 feet of any fashing signal, stop sign or trafc signal.
In such a way that you block or create a hazard for other vehicles.
5.25.4 - Parking Lights
Parking lights must be used at night on any vehicle parked on a roadway or shoulder outside of cities and towns. Driving with parking lights only
(in place of headlights) is against the law.
5.25.5 - Parking Privileges for Persons with Mobility Impairments
Persons with mobility impairments do not have to pay parking fees on any public street, highway, or metered space and may park in spaces re-
served for person with disabilities. To park in these designated spaces, a person needs to obtain a parking placard or obtain a specialty license plate
authorized to park in the reserved spaces.
Parking Placards
1. Vehicles must display a valid parking placard which is visible from the front and rear of the vehicle. Each side of the placard must have the
international symbol of accessibility in a contrasting color in the center. The placards may be obtained from a tag agent or Tax Collectors of-
fce and must be renewed every four years. Proof of Eligibility: Statement from a physician licensed in the United States, the Division of Blind
Services of the Department of Education, or the Veterans Administration, that the applicant is a severely physically disabled individual with
permanent mobility problems which substantially impair his or her ability to ambulate or is certifed as legally blind.
2. Display: Visible from the front and rear of the vehicle.
3. Procedure: Contact your local county tax collector or tag agent.
Complete HSMV 83039 - Application for a disabled persons parking permit.
Provide proof of eligibility - Doctors Statement issued within the last 12 months.
Application for permanent disabled parking permit is no fee - blue.
Pay $15 for temporary disabled person parking permit red.
- 33 -
Present valid Florida driver license or identifcation card if one was issued and available.
Vehicles with Specialty License Plates that display the ISA Symbol may legally park in spaces reserved for people with Disabilities.
Disabled American Veterans (DAV) and Paralyzed Veterans
of America (PVA) plates are not required to have the ISA
Symbol. The ISA Symbol is optional:
Parking reserved for people with disabilities is a Federal and State legal requirement. Accessible parking spaces allow motorists with disabilities
safe and equal access to goods and services. It is illegal for any vehicle to park, stop, or stand in these spaces unless it displays a Parking Permit, a
Specialty License Plate with the ISA symbol issued by the Florida DMV, or a similar permit or plate issued by another state. In addition, the vehicle
must actually be transporting the person with the disability who owns the permit or registration. Law enforcement ofcers are authorized to
request proof of ownership of the Parking Permit identifcation card or a vehicle with a Specialty ISA License Plate. Do not loan your Parking Permit.
Anyone who obtains or uses a permit that does not belong to them can be charged with a second degree misdemeanor, punishable by a $500 fne
or up to 6 months in jail, and the illegally parked vehicle can be towed and the permit confscated.
See the department web site for additional information on disabled parking permits. www.fhsmv.gov/dmv/disabled_pkg.html#3
5.26 - Expressway Driving
Expressways - also called interstate highways, freeways, and turnpikes are multiple-lane roads with no stop signs, trafc lights, or railroad crossings.
For these reasons, expressways can give you a fast, safe way to get where you need to go.
Pedestrians, hitchhikers, bicycles, animal-drawn vehicles or motor-driven cycles and motor scooters with 150 cubic centimeter displacement or less
are not allowed on expressways.
5.26.1 - Entering and Leaving Expressways
Vehicles can enter and leave expressways only at certain points. Because expressway trafc is usually moving at or close to the maximum speed
allowed, you need to know how to enter and exit safely.
All expressway entrances have three basic parts: an entrance ramp, an acceleration lane, and a merging area. Follow these guidelines to enter an
expressway safely:
On the entrance ramp, begin checking for an opening in trafc. Signal for your turn.
As the ramp straightens into the acceleration lane, speed up. Try to adjust your speed so that you can move into the trafc when you reach the
end of the acceleration lane.
Merge into trafc when you can do so safely. You must yield the right-of-way to trafc on the expressway. You cannot always count on other
drivers moving over to give you room to enter, but do not stop on an acceleration lane unless trafc is too heavy and there is no space for you
to enter safely.
When leaving an expressway:
Get into the exit lane. Posted signs will tell you which one. Most expressway exits are
from the right lane.
Signal your intention to leave the expressway by using your turn signal.
Slow down as soon as you are of the expressway. Check the posted safe speed for the
exit ramp.
Do not make last-minute turns into an exit. If you go past your exit, you must go to the
next one.
5.26.2 - Expressway Safety Reminders
Plan your trip. Know just where you will get on and get of.
Drive in the right lane and pass on the left. If there are three lanes, use the right lane for
lower speed driving, the left for passing. If you stay in the right lane, watch for cars entering
the expressway. Adjust your speed or move into the center lane so they can enter safely.
Never stop on the pavement, shoulder, or connecting ramp of an expressway except in an emergency. If your vehicle breaks down, it may be
parked on the side of the expressway (completely of the pavement) for no more than six hours. Raise your hood and tie a white cloth to your
antenna or left door handle to show you need help.
Never back up on an expressway entrance ramp or exit ramp. The only exception to this would be if you are trying to enter an expressway
through an exit. In this case, you would see a WRONG WAY or DO NOT ENTER sign. Then you must back up or turn around.
Do not cross, drive on or park on the median strip.
Do not follow too closely. Rear end collisions are the greatest danger on expressways. Always leave room for emergency stops.
Stop driving when you feel tired. On long trips the hum of the engine and your lack of movement can make you feel sleepy. Stop for a cup of
cofee, a short walk, or a nap. Do not risk falling asleep at the wheel.
- 34 -
The inclusion of advertising does not constitute an
endorsement or the accuracy of the ad by the State of
Florida or the Florida Department of Highway Safety &
Motor Vehicles of the products or services advertised.
In 2009, 29 percent of the
speeding drivers under age 21 who
were involved in fatal crashes, also
had a BAC of .08 g/dL or higher.
Source: Department of Transporation
Sponsored by
Ready to Drive? This is where is all starts!
5.27 - Night Driving
You will need to drive with extra care at night. You cannot see as far ahead
or to the side, and glare from oncoming cars can reduce your vision even
more. Follow these guidelines for driving at night:
Use your headlights (low beam or high beam) between the hours of
sunset and sunrise.
Low beam headlamps are only efective for speeds up to 20-25 MPH.
You must use special care when driving faster than these speeds, since
you are unable to detect pedestrians, bicyclists and others.
High beam headlights can reveal objects up to a distance of at 450 feet
and are most efective for speeds faster than 25 MPH.
Dont use high-beam headlights within 500 feet of oncoming vehicles.
If you are behind other vehicles, use low beams when you are within 300 feet of the vehicle ahead.
When leaving a brightly lit place, drive slowly until your eyes adjust to the darkness.
Dont look directly at oncoming headlights. Instead, watch the right edge of your lane. Look quickly to be sure of the other vehicles position
every few seconds.
Drive as far to the right as you can if a vehicle with one light comes toward you.
5.28 - Animals
Wild and domestic animals may move unpredictably towards or across the travel path of an approaching motor vehicle. When an animal is seen in
the road or on the road shoulder, you should slow down and, if necessary, yield the right-ofway. Be especially careful in rural areas at night. Often
an animals eyes shining in the headlight beams will be seen frst. Use reasonable care when approaching a person who is riding or leading an
animal on the roadway or shoulder of the road. Horses have poor side vision and are easily frightened by loud noises or sudden movements.
5.29 - Reduced Visibility
You must turn on your low beam (dim) headlights when driving between sunset and sunrise, including the twilight hours between sunset and sun-
rise or between full night and sunrise. You must also use these lights during any rain, smoke or fog. Parking lights do not meet requirements of this
law.
5.29.1 - Fog or Smoke
Wildfres, smoke, fog and heavy rain can lower visibility on the roads. It is important for drivers to drive as safely as possible in these conditions.
Safety tips on driving in low visibility:
Slow down, but do not slam you brakes.
Turn your headlights on low.
If you must stop, pull all the way of the road and turn on your emergency fashers to let drivers know you are parked.
Report the hazard to the local law enforcement agencies or 911.
Check trafc conditions before traveling, by dialing 511 or visiting www.511.com.
5.29.2 - Rain
The frst few drops of rain mean danger. Roads are most slippery just after the rain begins because oil dropped from cars has not been washed
away. Slow down and plan for at least two times the normal stopping distance.
In a heavy rain, your tires can ride on a thin flm of water, like skis. This is called hydroplaning. When your tires are not touching the road, you can
easily lose control and skid. Keep your tires on the road by slowing down when it rains, and by having tires with the right air pressure and good
tread.
Brakes often become wet after driving through deep water or driving in heavy rain. They may pull to one side or the other, or they may not hold at
all. If this happens, slow down and gently push on the brake pedal until your brakes are working again.
5.30 - Handling Emergencies
When you are driving, things can happen very quickly. You may have only a fraction of a second to
make the right move. Follow these guidelines for handling emergencies.
5.30.1 - Breakdowns
If possible, park where the disabled vehicle can be seen for 200 feet in each direction.
Move the vehicle so all four wheels are out of trafc lanes.
Turn on your emergency fashers.
Get all passengers out on the side away from trafc.
Tie a white cloth on the left door handle or antenna.
Raise the hood.
- 35 -
5.30.2 - Tire Blowout
Do not use brakes.
Concentrate on steering.
Slow down gradually.
Brake softly when the car is under control.
Pull completely of the pavement.
5.30.3 - Wet Brakes
Test brakes lightly after driving through deep water.
Brakes may pull to one side or may not hold at all.
Dry brakes by driving slowly in low gear and applying brakes.
5.30.4 - Right Wheels of Pavement
Take your foot of the gas pedal.
Hold the wheel frmly and steer in a straight line.
Brake lightly.
Wait until the road is clear.
Turn back on the pavement sharply at slow speed.
5.30.5 - Car or Motorcycle Approaching in your Lane
Sound your horn.
Brake sharply.
Steer for the side of the road or the ditch.
5.30.6 - Jammed Gas Pedal
Keep your eyes on the road.
Tap the gas pedal with your foot.
Try to pry the pedal up with the toe of your shoe.
Shift into neutral.
Turn of the ignition. (Do not turn the key to lock, or your steering will lock.)
Use your brakes.
5.30.7 - Brake Failure
Pump the brake pedal hard and fast, except for vehicles with anti-lock brakes.
Shift to a lower gear.
Apply the parking brake slowly and make sure that you are holding down the release lever or button. This will prevent your rear wheels from
locking and your vehicle from skidding.
Rub your tires on the curb to slow your vehicle, or pull of the road into an open space.
5.30.8 - Skidding
Take your foot of the gas pedal.
Do not use your brakes, if possible.
Pump the brakes gently if you are about to hit something.
Steer the car into the direction of the skid to straighten the vehicle out. Then steer in the direction you wish to go.
5.30.9 - Fire
If the fre is small and you have a portable extinguisher, you should attempt to extinguish the fre.
If you cannot extinguish the fre and it continues to get larger, get away from the vehicle, due to the presence of toxic fumes and the possibil-
ity of explosion.
Never apply water to a gasoline or diesel fre.
5.30.10 Submerged Vehicles
Stay calm and help passengers stay calm.
Evaluate your situation.
If the vehicle is foating or sinking slowly, you should be able to roll down your windows. Then, you can jump out of the vehicle and swim to
safety.
If you are sinking rapidly, you need to wait for the water pressure inside the vehicle to become equal to the water pressure outside the vehicle.
When the water is about half way up the window, about shoulder level, start rolling down the window. You may get a rush of water coming
through the window. Try to stay in the air pocket at the top of the car. When the water stops rushing, take your last breath of air and swim up
to safety, exhaling as you go.
If your vehicle has power windows, and the electric system shuts down when you hit the water, you will not be able to roll down your win-
dows. Wait for the vehicle to fll with water. Then swinging a hammer or other heavy object at the bottom of the window and punch outward.
The glass will shatter and you can push it out carefully with the hammer.
The inclusion of advertising does not constitute an en-
dorsement or the accuracy of the ad by the State of
Florida or the Florida Department of Highway Safety &
Motor Vehicles of the products or services advertised.
Drivers are less likely to use restraints
when they have been drinking; in
2009, 60 percent of the young drivers
of passenger vehicles involved in fatal
crashes who had been drinking were
unrestrained.
Source: Department of Transporation
Sponsored by
Get Your Written Permit Test Online!
- 36 -
5.31 - First Aid
If you come upon an accident, send someone for help. Then apply the three frst aid rules:
5.31.1 - Start the Breathing
If the injured person has stopped breathing, start artifcial respiration right away. Do not stop until a doctor tells you to stop, or until the victim is
breathing normally. Follow these steps:
Use your fngers to clear the victims mouth.
Place the victim on his or her back, lift the neck, and tilt the head back.
Hold the victims nose tightly and blow vigorously through the mouth to make the chest expand once every fve seconds (twelve times a
minute).
When the injured person is a small child, do not pinch the nose. Cover the childs nose and mouth with your mouth and blow smaller more
frequent breaths, about 20 per minute.
5.31.2 - Stop the Bleeding
Most bleeding can be stopped by pressing down on the wound. If possible you should place a gauze pad over the wound and then press down. If
you do not have a gauze pad, a clean cloth or even your fngers will have to be used. Bleeding from an artery should always be stopped frst. The
blood from an artery will be bright red and will come out of the wound in spurts. If the blood is darker in color and fows evenly, it is from a vein.
5.31.3 - Treat For Shock
Persons who have been injured may go into shock. When someone is in shock, all of the body functions slow down. Shock can be very serious. It
can cause death. Shock may develop right after a crash or later. Injured persons must be treated for shock regardless of whether or not they appear
to be in shock:
Reassure the injured person. Your calmness will help. Do not give them anything to drink.
Cover the person with blankets or coats to hold body heat. Have the person lie fat.
Keep onlookers back so that the injured person has air.
Keep their head as low as possible unless there is a head injury.
Loosen tight collars to make breathing easier.
DO NOT MOVE ANINJURED PERSONWHO CANNOT MOVE OR COMPLAINS OF PAININTHE BACK OR NECK. DO NOT ATTEMPTTO REMOVE
THE HELMET OF ANINJURED MOTORCYCLE OR BICYCLE RIDER.
Test Your Knowledge
1. If a law enforcement ofcer stops a vehicle for a violation and fnds a front seat passenger, 17 years of age or younger not wearing a safety
belt, who will be charged with the seat belt violation? (See section 5.7)
2. To what ages does the Child Restraint Law apply? (See section 2.1 and 5.8)
3. What is the maximum speed limit in a residential area if there is no speed limit sign? (See section 5.9)
4. What is the maximum speed limit on an interstate highway on a clear day? In a rural area? (See section 5.9)
5. When you are driving too slowly, can you be issued a ticket? (See section 5.9.1)
6. If you approach a red light and a trafc ofcer directs you to go through the intersection without stopping, what should you do?
(See section 5.10)
7. What is the arm signal for a left turn? Right turn? Slow or stop? (See section 5.20)
8. When may you drive in the left lane of a road with four or more lanes with two-way trafc? (See section 5.21)
9. After passing a vehicle, you must return to the right side of the road before coming within how many feet of an oncoming vehicle?
(See section 5.23)
10. At what places is it unlawful to overtake and pass? (See section 5.23.2)
11. What is the recommended safe following distance? (See section 5.24.1)
12. Which way should you turn your wheels when parking facing uphill where there is a curb? Which way should you turn them where there is
not a curb? (See section 5.25.1)
13. What should you do if you drive past the exit on an interstate highway where you wanted to get of? (See section 5.26.1)
14. At what times should you use your headlights? (See section 5.27)
15. When approaching another vehicle from the rear at night, within how many feet must you dim your bright headlights? (See section 5.27)
16. Within how many feet of an oncoming vehicle should you dim your bright headlights? (See section 5.27)
17. When driving in the rain, fog, or smoke in the daytime, what lights do you turn use? (See section 5.29.1)
- 37 -
Section 6 - Sharing the Road
6.1 Pedestrians
6.1.1 Safety Rules for Motorist Regarding Pedestrians
It is the motorists responsibility to do everything possible to avoid colliding with pedestrians. Bicyclists, skaters
and skateboarders in a crosswalk or driveway are considered pedestrians.
1. Turning motorists must stop for pedestrians at intersections and driveways.
2. Motorists must stop or yield as appropriate for pedestrians crossing the street or driveway at any marked mid-
block crossing, driveway or intersection without trafc signals.
3. Drivers must not block the crosswalk when stopped at a red light. Do not stop with any portion of your vehicle
overhanging the crosswalk area. Blocking a crosswalk forces pedestrians to go around your vehicle, and puts
them in a dangerous situation.
4. You must stop and remain stopped for pedestrians on the sidewalk when entering or leaving an alley,
driveway, or private road.
5. Do not make a turn that causes a pedestrian to stop, slow down or make some other special efort to avoid a collision.
6. If children are in the vicinity, take special care, because children are not fully aware of the dangers of trafc.
7. Be respectful of others who have difculty in crossing streets, such as elderly persons or persons with a visual disability.
Be especially observant for children in or along the roadway and be aware of pedestrians sharing the road where sidewalks are not present.
When a vehicle is stopped at a crosswalk to permit a pedestrian to cross the roadway, the driver of any other vehicle approaching from the rear
shall not overtake and pass such stopped vehicle.
Note: When one driver stops to let a pedestrian cross, the stopped vehicles may screen the pedestrian from the
view of an approaching driver, and also screen the approaching vehicle from the pedestrians view. The law
therefore requires a driver approaching a vehicle stopped at a crosswalk from the rear to assume that a
pedestrian may be crossing, even when none can be seen at the moment. A violation of this rule can cause
serious injury because the overtaking driver is traveling at speed. To reduce this risk, seasoned pedestrians
pause to scan the next trafc lane before advancing beyond the outside edge of any screen.
6.1.2 - Safety Rules for Pedestrians
1. Look to the left, right, and left for trafc before stepping of any curb, and keep looking as you cross.
2. Crosswalks at intersections may be marked or unmarked. Crossing is preferred at Intersections or designated crosswalks in the middle of a
block. However, pedestrians may cross at other locations if not between adjacent signalized intersections but are required to yield to other
trafc.
3. Cross with the green light, WALK or walking person symbol. Make sure you have enough time to cross. Many locations in Florida have
count-down pedestrian signals. These indicate the time remaining for the crossing.
4. While walking along a highway without a sidewalk, always walk on the shoulder on the left side, facing trafc. Wear light colored and refective
clothing or use a fashlight to make you more visible to drivers at night.
6.1.3- Persons Who are Blind
The primary traveling aids for a person who is blind are often a white cane or a trained guide dog. Independent
travel involves some risk that can be greatly reduced when you, the driver, are aware of the use and meaning of a
white cane or guide dog.
Drivers must always yield the right-of-way to persons who are blind. When a pedestrian is crossing a street or
highway guided by a dog or carrying a white cane (or a white cane with a red tip), vehicles must come to a complete stop.
6.1.4 - Mobility-Impaired Persons
Drivers must yield the right-of-way to mobility-impaired persons and pedestrians utilizing the assistance of a guide dog or service animal.
Mobility impaired persons must use sidewalks; however, they may leave the sidewalk and use the roadway to avoid a potential confict. Drivers
should be on the lookout for pedestrians leaving the sidewalk.
When a pedestrian is crossing a public street or highway and the pedestrian is using a walker, a crutch, or an orthopedic cane or wheelchair, ve-
hicles must come to a complete stop.
6.2 - Bicycles
In Florida, the bicycle is legally defned as a vehicle and has all of the privileges, rights and responsibilities to utilize the roadway as a motor vehicle
operator does. Bicyclists on public roads (except for expressways) have the same rights and responsibilities as drivers of motorized vehicles.
Respect the right-of-way of bicyclists because they are entitled to share the road with other drivers. Unlike motorists, bicyclists may also operate on
sidewalks (except where prohibited by local ordinance), but must yield to pedestrians on sidewalks and in crosswalks.
Riding against the fow of trafc in the adjacent trafc lane on a sidewalk is not illegal. However, it places cyclists where motorists entering or leav-
ing the roadway at driveways and intersections do not expect wheeled trafc. As cyclists move faster than pedestrians, conficts between motorists
and sidewalk riders at driveways and intersection crosswalks can develop rapidly.
6.2.1 Sharing the Road with a Bicycle
Expect to fnd a bicyclist on all types of roads (except interstate highways), at all intersections and roundabouts, in all
types of weather, and at all times of the day and night. Bicyclists may ride out of the bike lane in the travel lane for their
own safety due to narrow roads, or to avoid obstacles or pavement hazards, or to prepare for a left turn. On roads without shoulders, or with cars
parked along the right side, often the safest place for a bicyclist to ride is in the center of the lane. A bicyclist may use the
full lane even while traveling substantially below the speed of trafc if the lane is too narrow for a car to safely pass a
bicycle within the lane. Most travel lanes in Florida range from 10 to 12 wide and guidance indicates that a 14 lane is a
width that allows safe sharing with most motor vehicles.
Florida law requires that motorists give cyclists a minimum of three feet of clearance and reduce their speed.
On a two lane road, pass a bicyclist like a slow moving vehicle, and only when it is safe to do so.
At night, avoid using high beam headlights when you see a cyclist approaching.
Do not follow a cyclist closely in order to have adequate space to slow. Bicycles can maneuver quickly and may
reduce speed or swerve to avoid a road hazard that a motorist cannot see.
Before opening a car door, check for bicyclists who may be approaching from behind.
Avoid honking your horn. Bicyclists can usually hear an approaching vehicle and loud noises can startle bicyclists, causing a crash.
6.2.2 Bike Lanes Intersections and Driveways
At intersections, always assume that bicyclists are traveling straight unless they signal otherwise. Yield to bicycles just as you would to any other
vehicle. Bicyclists often ride on sidewalks and trails, so look both ways before crossing a sidewalk or trail. A bicycle may come from an unexpected
direction.
A large percentage of motorist bicycle crashes occur at intersections. When making a left turn, check for and yield to bicyclists coming from the
opposite direction. When making a right turn, signal your turn, check for bicyclists, and do not turn directly in front of a bicyclist. They may travel
faster than you think. When a bike lane is present, signal your turn and yield to any bicyclist in the bike lane, before crossing the bike lane to enter a
right turn lane. If no right turn lane is present, yield to any cyclist present in the bike lane and make your turn behind the bicyclist. Otherwise merge
into the bike lane before making your turn.
6.2.3 Young Cyclists
Children on bicycles can be unpredictable and can make sudden changes in direction. Be especially careful when children are present, and strictly
obey the speed limit in school zones and residential areas. Persons riding bicycles or mopeds on a roadway have the same rights (with certain
exceptions) and duties as motor vehicle drivers and may be ticketed for trafc violations.
Know and obey these laws:
Bicyclists must obey all trafc controls and signals.
An adult bicyclist may carry a child in a backpack or sling, child seat or trailer designed to carry children.
You may not allow a passenger to remain in a child seat or carrier when you are not in immediate control of the bicycle.
Bicyclists and passengers under age 16 are required to wear helmets that meet federal safety standards. A helmet purchased before October
1, 2012, which meets the standards of the American National Standards Institute, the standards of Snell Memorial Foundations or any other
nationally recognized standards for bicycle helmets adopted by the department may continue to be worn by a bicycle rider or passenger until
January 1, 2016.
Every bicycle must be equipped with a brake or brakes which allow the bicyclist to stop within 25 feet when traveling from a speed of 10 miles
per hour on a dry, level, clean pavement.
A bicyclist on a sidewalk or crosswalk must yield the right-of-way to pedestrians and must give an audible signal before passing.
Keep both hands on the handlebars.
On the roadway, check behind you before changing lanes or moving notably within the lane.
For use between sunset and sunrise, a bicycle must be equipped with a lamp on the front exhibiting a white light visible from 500 feet to the
front and both a red refector and a lamp on the rear exhibiting a red light visible from 600 feet to the rear.
If you are not traveling at the speed of other trafc, stay on the right-most portion of the roadway
except when passing, making a left turn, avoiding hazards or when a lane is too narrow for you and a
car to share it safely.
When operating a bicycle on a one-way street with two or more trafc lanes, you may ride as close to
the lefthand edge of the roadway as practicable.
If you intend to make a left turn, you are entitled to full use of the lane from which the turn is made.
In addition to the normal vehicular-style left turn, you may proceed through the right-most portion
of the intersection and turn as close to the curb or edge as possible at the far side. After complying
with any ofcial trafc control device, you may proceed in the new direction of travel.
Signal your intent to turn to other vehicle operators by pointing in the direction you are going to turn.
Do not wear headphones or any other listening device except a hearing aid while bicycling.
Do not ride a bicycle when under the infuence of alcohol or drugs.
- 38 -
The inclusion of advertising does not constitute an
endorsement or the accuracy of the ad by the State of
Florida or the Florida Department of Highway Safety &
Motor Vehicles of the products or services advertised.
In 2009, 39 percent of 15- to
20-yearold male drivers involved
in fatal crashes were speeding.
Source: Department of Transporation
Sponsored by
Your One-Stop Shop for Getting Your Permit!
- 38 -
6.3 - Motorcycle Awareness
According to the Hurt Study (the most comprehensive motorcycle safety study to date), The failure of motorists to detect and recognize motor-
cycles in trafc is the predominating cause of motorcycle accidents. As of July 1, 2010, there were 1,009,803 motorcycle endorsements in the State
of Florida. That is over a million bikes on the road! Please take a second to look twice save a life.
6.3.1 - Sharing the Road with a Motorcycle
Watch for motorcycles and yield the right-of-way.
Look at least three times before pulling into an intersection or changing lanes and be aware that even the smallest of visual impairments can
hide a motorcycle from view.
When following a motorcycle, remember that motorcycles have the ability of stopping much more quickly than other vehicles. Following too
closely endangers your life and that of the motorcyclist.
Never attempt to share the lane with a motorcycle. The motorcyclist needs the room to maneuver safely and is entitled to the entire lane.
Never pass a motorcyclist with only a few feet of space. The force of the bufeted wind can cause the rider to lose control. Motorcyclists may
also choose to ride near one side of a lane to maximize the view ahead.
When your vehicle is being passed by a motorcycle, maintain your lane position and speed. Allow the motorcycle to complete the maneuver
and assume proper lane position.
It is especially difcult to gauge the speed of a motorcycle because they take up less of your feld of vision, making depth perception more
difcult. They may appear to be much farther away than they really are. Be sure of their distance when making a maneuver in front of a motor-
cycle.
Motorcyclists often slow down by downshifting or rolling of the throttle, thus not activating the brake light. Predict a motorcyclist may slow
down without visual warning.
Maintain a four second bufer zone between you and a motorcyclist, more in bad weather.
In trafc, especially in inclement weather or under certain road conditions, motorcycles operate diferently than other vehicles. Wind gusts
can move a motorcycle across an entire lane. Wet or icy roads impair a motorcyclist's ability to brake and maneuver. Potholes or railroad tracks
often require motorcyclists to change positions within their lane. Gravel roads decrease traction and may cause a rider to slow down or brake
where a car would not. Give the motorcycle extra space when encountering these conditions.
6.4 - Mopeds
Persons riding mopeds have the same rights and duties as drivers of motor vehicles. Moped riders committing trafc violations will receive cita-
tions. Know and obey these moped laws:
You must be 16 years of age or older to operate a moped on a public road.
Operators of mopeds must have the minimum of a Class E license. No motorcycle endorsement is required.
Mopeds must be registered annually and a tag purchased.
Mopeds may not be operated on bicycle paths or foot paths.
Moped operators do not have to carry PIP insurance.
Operators 16 years of age or older are not required to wear helmets.
6.5 - School Buses
On a two way street or highway, all drivers moving in either direction must stop for a stopped school bus which
is picking up or dropping of children. You must remain stopped until all children are clear of the roadway and
the bus stop arm is withdrawn.
If the highway is divided by a raised barrier or an unpaved median at least fve feet wide, you do not have to
stop if you are moving in the opposite direction of the bus. Painted lines or pavement markings are not
considered barriers. You must always stop if you are moving in the same direction as the bus and you must
remain stopped until the bus stop arm is withdrawn.
Any person using, operating, or driving a vehicle that passes a
school bus on the side that children enter and exit when the school
bus displays a stopped signal commits a moving violation and will
be required to complete a basic driver improvement course.
6.5.1 - School Crossings
School area signs advise drivers of school zones and school crossings.
School zones help protect the safety of students when they cross the
roadway. School crossings help inform drivers that children use that
crossing to go to and from school.
Be attentive to school zone reduced speed limits, school crossing
guards, and unpredictable children, since these situations may
require you to reduce your speed or stop.
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When children (walking, bicycling or skating) or school crossing guards are present in a crosswalk, drivers must yield or stop at the marked stop line
and without stopping in the crosswalk.
It is the drivers responsibility to avoid colliding with pedestrians. Do your part to make every school crossing a safe crossing for children.
Crossing guards are the frst to enter and last to exit a crosswalk to indicate to drivers that pedestrians, especially children, are about to cross or are
crossing. Do not enter the crosswalk while a school crossing guard is in the roadway.
6.6 - Public Transit
All drivers should yield the right-of-way to public transit buses traveling in the same direction which have signaled and are reentering the trafc
fow from a specifcally designated pullout bay.
6.7 - Funeral Processions
Pedestrians and drivers must yield the right-of-way to funeral processions. When the frst vehicle in the funeral procession lawfully enters an inter-
section, other vehicles in the procession must have their headlights on as a signal to other drivers not to drive between or interfere with the proces-
sion while it is in motion, unless directed to do so by a law enforcement ofcer.
6.8 - Sharing the Road with a Truck
Whether you are sharing the road with a car, truck, bus, or other large vehicle, its important for safetys sake to obey trafc laws, abide by the rules
of the road, and drive defensively. Are there any special rules for sharing the road with a truck? Yes! Here are some suggestions from professional
truck drivers.
6.8.1- The No-Zone
Blind Spots. Although most large vehicles have several rearview mirrors, it is easy for a car,
motorcycle or bicycle to be hidden in a large vehicles blind spot. Do not follow closely behind a
truck or a bus. When driving near a large vehicle, be aware of the drivers blind spots on the right,
left, front and behind.
Rear Blind Spots. Unlike passenger cars, trucks and buses have deep blind spots Directly behind
them. Tailgating greatly increases your chances of a rear-end collision with a commercial vehicle.
Unsafe Passing. Another No Zone is just in front of trucks and buses. When passing a bus or
truck, be sure you can see the cab in your rearview mirror before pulling in front.
Wide Right Turns. Truck and bus drivers sometimes need to swing wide to the left in order to
safely negotiate a right turn. They cannot see cars, motorcycles or bicycles directly behind or
beside them. Cutting in between the commercial vehicle and the curb or shoulder to the right increases the possibility of a crash.
Backing Up. When a truck is backing up, it sometimes must block the street to maneuver its trailer accurately. Never cross behind a truck that
is preparing to back up or is in the process of doing so. Remember, most trailers are eight and a half feet wide and can completely hide objects
that suddenly come between them and loading areas. Automobile drivers attempting to pass behind a truck enter a blind spot for both
drivers.
6.8.2 - Passing
When passing a truck, frst check to your front and rear, and move into the passing lane only if it is clear and you are in a legal passing zone. Let
the truck driver know you are passing by blinking your headlights, especially at night. The driver will make it easier for you by staying to the far
side of the lane.
On a level highway, it takes only three to fve seconds longer to pass a truck than a car. On an upgrade, a truck often loses speed, so it is easier
to pass than a car. On a downgrade, the trucks momentum will cause it to go faster, so you may need to increase your speed.
Complete your pass as quickly as possible, and dont stay alongside the other vehicle.
If the driver blinks his lights after you pass, its a signal that it is clear to pull back in. Be sure to move back only when you can see the front of
the truck in your rear-view mirror. After you pass a truck, maintain your speed.
When a truck passes you, you can help the truck driver by keeping to the far side of your lane.
Youll make it easier for the truck driver if you reduce your speed slightly. In any event, do not
speed up while the truck is passing. After passing, the truck driver will signal to let you know
that the truck will be returning to your lane.
When you meet a truck coming from the opposite direction, keep as far as possible to the side
to avoid a sideswipe crash and to reduce the wind turbulence between the two vehicles.
Remember that turbulence pushes the vehicles apart; it does not draw them together.
6.8.3 - Following a Truck
In general, trucks take slightly longer than cars to stop because of their size. However, at highway
speeds or on wet roads, trucks may have better traction and stability allowing them to stop more
quickly. A car following too closely may not be able to stop quickly enough to avoid rear-ending
the truck.
If you are following a truck, stay out of its blind spot to the rear. Avoid following too closely and
position your vehicle so the truck driver can see you in his side mirrors. Then you will have a good
view of the road ahead, and the truck driver can give you plenty of warning for a stop or a turn.
The inclusion of advertising does not constitute an
endorsement or the accuracy of the ad by the State of
Florida or the Florida Department of Highway Safety &
Motor Vehicles of the products or services advertised.
Among passenger vehicle drivers
age 21 and older in fatal crashes
in 2009, those who were not
speeding were more likely to be
wearing seat belts than those who
were speeding at the time of the
crash (75%versus 46%).
Source: Department of Transporation
Sponsored by
Get Your Written Permit Test Online!
If you are following a truck, stay out of its blind spot to the rear. Avoid following too closely and position your vehicle so the truck driver can
see you in his side mirrors. Then you will have a good view of the road ahead, and the truck driver can give you plenty of warning for a stop or
a turn. You will have more time to react and make a safe stop.
When you follow a truck at night, always dim your headlights. Bright lights from a vehicle behind will blind the truck driver when they refect
of the trucks large side mirrors.
If you are stopped behind a truck on an upgrade, leave space in case the truck drifts back slightly when it starts to move. Also, keep to the left
in your lane so the driver can see that youre stopped behind the truck.
6.9 - Golf Carts
A golf cart may be operated only upon a county road that has been designated by a county, or a municipal street that has been designated by a
municipality, for use by golf carts. Upon a determination that golf carts may be safely operated on a designated road or street, the responsible
governmental entity shall post appropriate signs to indicate that such operation is allowed.
Operation of golf carts on public road or streets of this state is granted by F.S. 316.212, however subjected to the following conditions:
A Golf cart may not be operated by anyone under the age of 14.
A Golf cart may be operated during the hours between sunrise and sunset.
Golf Carts Operators may cross state roads if the posted speed limit is 45 mph or less only at an intersection with an ofcial trafc control
device.
Golf carts may be operated only on state roads that have a posted speed limit of 30 miles per hour or less.
All local and state trafc laws must be obeyed. When in a crosswalk, pedestrians and any individual using an adaptive device will always have
the right of way.
Golf Carts can be driven on the sidewalks adjacent to the state or county road only if the person driving the cart yield to pedestrians and the
sidewalk is at least 5 feet wide.
To safely operate on designated roads, the golf cart must be equipped with:
Efcient Brakes
Rearview Mirror
Reliable steering apparatus
Red refectorized warning devices on both the front and rear of cart.
Safe tires
A golf cart may only be operated during the hours between sunrise and sunset. If local government determines that a golf cart may be operated
outside those hours, it must also be equipped with:
Headlights
Turn signals
Brakes lights
Windshield
*While golf carts cannot travel at high speeds, they can pose risks as there is potential for serious injuries when they come in contact with other
motor vehicles that are sharing the road. To ensure your safety as well as others, you should always exercise care and courtesy while sharing the
roadway.
Test Your Knowledge
1. Are motorists required to stop or yield for pedestrians crossing the street or driveway? (See section 6.1.1)
2. What must you do when you see a pedestrian with a white cane in the street ahead of you? (See section 6.1.3)
3. What is the minimum required clearance a motorist must maintain from a cyclist? (See section 6.2.1)
4. When can a motorist preparing to make a right hand turn, move into a bike lane? (See section 6.2.2)
5. What should you do when preparing to turn right on a roadway with a bike lane? (See section 6.2.2)
6. As you prepare to turn right at an intersection, what should you do? (See section 6.2.2)
7. Do riders of bicycles and mopeds on a roadway have the same rights and responsibilities as motor vehicle drivers? (See section 6.2.3)
8. Who is required to wear a bicycle helmet? (See section 6.2.3)
9. Are vehicles traveling in the opposite direction of school buses that have stopped to unload children on a divided highway with a raised
barrier required to stop? (See section 6.5)
10. When a school bus stops to unload children on a divided highway, should the vehicles traveling in the same direction as the bus stop?
(See section 6.5)
11. If a school bus stops to unload children on a four-lane highway divided only by a four-foot paved strip, must vehicles traveling in the opposite
direction stop? (Seesection 6.5)
12. When children or school crossing guards are present in a crosswalk, what should a driver do? (See section 6.5.1)
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Section 7 - Signs and Pavement Markings
7.1 - Trafc Control Signals
Trafc signals are placed at intersections to keep trafc moving and to avoid a crash. Drivers, pedestrians, and bicycle riders must obey these sig-
nals, except when an ofcer is directing trafc. Stop on the stop line if your car is nearest the signal. Some signals change only when a car is at the
stop line. Occasionally, even when properly positioned near the stop bar, motorcyclists and bicyclists may not be detected. If trafc signals are out
of order, treat the light as if it is a four-way stop sign.
Red
Come to a complete stop at the marked stop line or before moving into the crosswalk or intersection. At most intersections, after stopping, you
may turn right on red if the way is clear. Some intersections display a NO TURNONRED sign, which you must obey. Left turns on a red light from
a one-way street into a one-way street are also allowed. Anyone convicted of running a red light is required to complete a basic driver improve-
ment course.
Yellow
Stop if you can safely do so. The light will soon be red.
Green
Go - but only if the intersection is clear. Yield to pedestrians and vehicles still in the intersection. If turning left, wait for a gap in oncoming trafc to
complete the turn. If you turn left or right, yield to pedestrians crossing in the crosswalk that you turn into.
Pedestrian signals show words or pictures similar to the following examples:
WALKor Walking Person lights mean a pedestrian may begin crossing the street.
DONT WALK or Raised Handlights mean a pedestrian may not begin crossing.
A pedestrian in the crosswalk when theDONT WALK or Raised Hand signal begins
fashing should fnish crossing the street.
Red Arrow
Just like a red light, come to a complete stop at the marked stop line or before moving
into the crosswalk or intersection. After stopping, you may turn right on a red arrow at
most intersections if the way is clear. Some intersections display a NO TURN ON RED
sign, which you must obey. Left turns on a red arrow from a one-way street into a
one-way street are also allowed.
YellowArrow
Stop if you can. The light will soon be red. The yellow arrow means the same as the
yellow light, but applies only to movement in the direction of the arrow.
FlashingYellowArrow
A fashing yellow arrow means left turns are allowed. Yield to oncoming trafc and
pedestrians. The oncoming trafc has a green light.
Green Arrow
A green arrow, pointing right or left, means you may make a turn in the direction of
the arrow. If the red light is illuminated at the same time, you must be in the proper
lane for such a turn and you must yield the right-of-way to vehicles and pedestrians
clearing the intersection.
Flashing Signals
A fashing red light means the same thing as a stop sign. It is used at dangerous
intersections.
A fashing yellow light means you may move forward with caution. It is used at, or
just before, dangerous intersections, or to alert you to a warning sign such as a school
crossing or sharp curve.
7.2 - Lane Signals
Lane signals are used:
When the direction of the fow of trafc changes during the day.
To show that a toll booth is open or closed.
To show which lanes are opened or closed.
You must never drive in a lane under a red X. A yellow X means that your lane signal is going to change to red. Prepare to leave the lane safely. You
may drive in lanes beneath the green arrow, but you must also obey all other signs and signals.
7.3 - Ramp Signals
Ramp Signals are signals that control the rate of vehicles entering a freeway. The signals alternate between red
and green indications and the driver must wait for the green signal before he/she may enter the freeway.
Ramp signals are considered trafc control devices and failure to obey ramp signals are subject to the rules of
enforcement and fnes per Section 316.074, F.S.
7.4 - Trafc Signs
Shapes and Colors
There are ten colors and nine shapes of trafc signs. Each shape and each color has an exact meaning,
so you must acquaint yourself with all of them.
Green: Guide, directional information.
Red: Stop, do not enter or wrong way.
Blue: Motorist services guidance. It is also used to identify parking spaces for disabled drivers.
Orange: Construction and maintenance warning.
Brown: Public recreation areas and guidance to areas of cultural and historical signifcance.
Yellow: General warning and advisory of unexpected roadway conditions.
White: Regulatory.
Black: Regulatory.
Fluorescent YellowGreen: High emphasis warning of school, pedestrian, and bicycling activity.
Fluorescent Pink: Warning of incident management activity.
The shape of a road sign can tell you as much about the signs message as its color.
Octagon: Exclusively for stop signs.
Horizontal Rectangle: Generally for guide signs.
Triangle: Exclusively for yieldsigns.
Pennant: Advance warning of no passing zones.
Diamond: Exclusively to warn of existing or possible
hazards on roadways or adjacent areas.
Vertical Rectangle: Generally for regulatory signs.
Pentagon: School advance and school crossing signs.
Round: Railroad advance warning signs.
Crossbuck: Railroad crossing.
Octagon: Stop
Stop Signs are always octagonal (8 sided). A stop sign means that
you must bring your vehicle to a complete halt at the marked stop
line. If there is no marked stop line, stop before entering the cross-
walk on the near side of the intersection. If there is no crosswalk,
stop at a point nearest the intersecting roadway where you have
a clear view of approaching trafc on the intersecting roadway
before entering the intersection.
A 4-Way Stop sign means that there are four stop signs at this in-
tersection. Trafc from all four directions must stop. The frst vehicle
to reach the intersection should move forward frst. If two vehicles
reach the intersection at the same time, the driver on the left yields
to the driver on the right.
Triangle: Yield
Slow down and give vehicles crossing your path the right-of-way. If
the way is clear, you may move forward slowly without stopping.
Yield signs are usually placed where auxiliary roads lead into major
roads.
Pennant: No Passing
You are entering a no passing zone. This sign is placed on the left
side of the road, facing the driver.
Diamond: Warning
Narrow bridge. These signs warn you of special conditions or dan-
gers ahead. Words or symbols on the sign will show why you need
to use caution.
- 43 -
The inclusion of advertising does not constitute an
endorsement or the accuracy of the ad by the State of
Florida or the Florida Department of Highway Safety &
Motor Vehicles of the products or services advertised.
Drivers are less likely to use
restraints when they have been
drinking; in 2009, 60 percent of
the young drivers of passenger
vehicles involved in fatal crashes
who had been drinking were
unrestrained.
Source: Department of Transporation
Sponsored by
Dont FailYour PermitTest. TakeOur PrepCourse!
The inclusion of advertising does not constitute an
endorsement or the accuracy of the ad by the State of
Florida or the Florida Department of Highway Safety &
Motor Vehicles of the products or services advertised.
In 2009, an estimated 2,381 lives
were saved by frontal air bags.
Source: Department of Transporation
Sponsored by
Dont Fail Your Permit Test. Take Our Prep Course!
Pentagon: School Sign
This fve-sided sign means you are near a school. Watch for children.
School Crossing
As you approach this sign, slow down and watch for children crossing the road.
Stop if necessary. Obey signals from any crossing guards.
Begin School Zone
Do not exceed the school zone speed limit during indicated times.
Watch for children!
Begin School Zone
Do not exceed the school zone speed limit when fashing. Watch for children!
End School Zone
This sign marks the end of a reduced school speed zone.
7.4.1 - Warning Signs
Here are some common warning signs. These signs give you advance notice of possible hazards ahead.
Drive with caution.
Slippery When Wet. In wet weather, drive
slowly. Do not speed up or brake quickly.
Make sharp turns at a very slow speed.
Divided Highway Ahead. The highway ahead
is divided into two one-way roadways. Keep to
the right.
Divided Highway Ends. The divided highway
on which you are traveling ends 350 to 500
feet ahead. You will then be on a
roadway with two-way trafc. Keep to the right.
LowClearance. Do not enter if your vehicle is
taller than the height listed on the sign.
Bicycle Crossing. This sign warns you in
advance that a bikeway crosses the roadway
ahead.
MergingTrafc. You are coming to a point
where another trafc lane joins the one you
are on. Watch for other trafc and be ready to
yield the right-of-way when necessary.
Pedestrian Crossing. Watch for people
crossing the street. Slow down or stop if
necessary.
NarrowBridge. The bridge is wide enough to
accommodate two lanes of trafc, but with very
little clearance.
Dip. There is a low place in the road. Go
slowly and be ready to stop if the dip is flled
with water.
Soft Shoulder. The dirt on the side of the road
is soft. Dont leave the pavement except in an
emergency.
One Lane Bridge. The bridge is wide enough
for only one vehicle at a time. Make sure the
bridge is clear of oncoming trafc before you
cross.
Pavement Ends. The road surface ahead
changes from a hard-surfaced pavement to a
low-type surface or earth road.
Right Curve. Slow your speed and keep well
to the left. The road will curve to the right.
Double Curve. The road will curve to the right,
then to the left. Slow your speed, keep to the
right, and do not pass.
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Winding Road. There are several curves ahead. Drive
slowly and carefully.
Truck Crossing. Watch for trucks entering or crossing
the highway.
Cross Road. A road crosses the main highway ahead.
Look to the left and right for other trafc.
Side Road. Another road enters the highway from the
direction shown. Watch for trafc from that direction.
Sharp Right Turn. The road will make a sharp turn to
the right. Slow your speed, keep to the right, and do
not pass other vehicles.
Reduction of Lanes. There will be fewer lanes ahead.
Trafc must merge left. Drivers in the left lane should
allow others to merge smoothly. Right lane ends.
Advisory Speed Sign. The highest safe speed you
should travel around the curve ahead is 25 miles per
hour. Advisory speed signs may be used with any
diamond-shaped warning sign.
Hill/Downgrade. Slow down and be ready to shift to
lower gear to control speed and save brakes.
Yield Ahead. This sign warns of a yield sign ahead.
Slow down and be prepared to stop at yield sign or
adjust speed to trafc.
Trafc Signal Ahead. This sign warns of trafc signals
at the intersection ahead. Slow down; poor visibility is
likely.
Stop Sign Ahead. When you come to this sign, slow
down to be ready to stop at the stop sign.
Two-Way Trafc Ahead. The one-way street or road-
way ahead ends. You will then be facing oncoming
trafc.
Animal Crossing. The animal pictured on the sign is
common in this area: watch for this species crossing
the road particularly during twilight and night-time
hours.
Roundabout Circle. Warning sign that provides an
advance notice of a roundabout.
Speed Reduction Sign. Warning sign that
provides advance notice to upcoming speed limit
change.
Remember that a red circle with a slash means NO. The sign
shows you what is not allowed.
NO U-TURN - You cannot make a complete turn to go in the
opposite direction where this sign is displayed. No U-turn.
You must not make a right turn at this intersection.
50 miles per hour is the highest speed you can safely travel in
this area.
Speeding Fines Doubled. This is a Florida Standard sign that
applies to both active school and work zones.

You cannot go straight ahead. You must turn either to the right
or left.
You are going the wrong way on an expressway exit ramp. Do
not drive past this sign. Turn around immediately.
A divided highway is ahead. Stay on the right side of the
divider.
Parking in this space is only for vehicles displaying an ofcial
permit and transporting a disabled person.
You may travel only in the direction of the arrow.
This sign lists the maximum recommended safe speed for an
entrance or exit on an expressway. Slow down to whatever
speed is shown.
You may not turn right or left during the red light. You must
wait for the signal to turn green.
A diamond-shaped marking shows that a lane is reserved
for certain purposes or certain vehicles. The lanes are usually
reserved for buses or car-pool vehicles during rush hour
trafc.
The center lane is shared for left turns in both directions of
travel.
You must not pass any other vehicles going in the same direc-
tion as you are while you are in this area.
7.4.2 - Rectangle: Regulatory or Information
These signs tell you the law, so you must follow their instructions.
- 45 -
- 46 -
The inclusion of advertising does not constitute an
endorsement or the accuracy of the ad by the State of
Florida or the Florida Department of Highway Safety &
Motor Vehicles of the products or services advertised.
In 2009, 389 people in Florida lost
their lives in crashes involving
young drivers (15 to 20 years old);
the second highest death rate in
the nation after Texas.
Source: Department of Transporation
Sponsored by
Take Your Drug and Alcohol Course Online!
This sign is used on multiple lane highways to advise slower driving trafc to stay in the right hand lane and also to do so when ap-
proached from behind by other trafc even if you are doing the speed limit.
You must not turn either to the right or to the left at this intersection.
If you park, you must always park of the pavement of the highway.
When entering a right turn lane motorists may confict with bicyclists traveling straight.
Always yield.
The Florida Department of Transportations 511 Trafc Information Service provides bilingual (English and Spanish) real-time trafc
information, including travel times, accidents, lane closures, severe weather, construction and emergency evacuation information on
all Florida interstate highways, many metropolitan roadways and Floridas Turnpike. The service operates 24 hours a day on the phone
by dialing 511, or on the Web at www.FL511.com. The 511 service is available from cell phones and landlines; however, standard cell
phone minutes may apply.
When you have passed this sign, you are again permitted to pass other vehicles with
care.
Trafc in left lane must turn left at the intersection ahead.
Stopping permitted only for emergencies.
At the intersection ahead trafc in left lane must turn left and trafc in adjoining lane
may turn left or continue straight ahead.
7.4.3 - Railroad Crossing Signs and Signals
There are several signs, signals and pavement markings that indicate highway-railroad crossings. When you see one of them, slow down and be
ready to stop.
Remember:
Trains cannot stop quickly. An average freight train travelingt at 30 MPH needs a stopping distance of more than half a mile. Longer trains mov-
ing at faster speeds can take one and a half miles or more to stop. Any pedestrian or person driving a vehicle and approaching a railroad-highway
grade crossing must stop 50 feet, but not less than 15 feet from the nearest rail of the railroad when: the electrical or mechanical warning devices
are fashing, the crossing gate is lowered, a human fagger is warning of an approaching train, or an approaching train is clearly visible and is in
close proximity to the railroad-highway grade crossing. Do not proceed until you can do so safely.
Pavement Marking
Pavement markings, consisting of an RXR followed by a stop line closer to the tracks, may be painted on the paved approach to a
crossing.
Advance Warning Sign
The advance warning sign is usually the frst sign you see when approaching a highway-rail intersection. The advance warning sign
advises you to slow down, look and listen for a train, and be prepared to stop if a train is approaching.
Crossbuck Sign
Crossbuck signs are found at highway-rail intersections. They are yield signs. You are legally required to yield the right of way to trains.
Slow down, look and listen for a train, and stop if a train approaches. Railroad crossbuck signs are found at most crossings. If there is
more than one track, the sign below the crossbuck will show the number of tracks at the crossing.
- 47 -
Flashing Red Light Signals
At many highway-rail crossings, the crossbuck sign has fashing red lights and bells. When the lights begin to fash,stop! A train is
approaching. DO NOT STOP ONTHE TRACKS ORWITHIN15 FEET OF THE CROSSING. If there is more than one track, make sure
all tracks are clear before crossing. Do not move forward until you can do so safely. In heavy trafc make sure there is room for your
vehicle on the other side before starting to cross.
Gates
Many crossings have gates with fashing red lights and bells. Stop when the lights begin to fash and before the gate lowers across your
road lane. If the gates are down, the road is closed. It is against the law to drive around or under a crossing gate, either down or being
opened or closed. Do not move forward until the gates are raised and the lights stop fashing as there may be a train approaching
on an adjacent track.
Always approach highway-railroad crossings at a reasonable speed and be prepared to stop if you have to. Be especially alert when you are follow-
ing buses or trucks, which may have to stop at highway-railroad crossings even when gates are up and the warning lights are not fashing. If your
car stalls on the tracks dont hesitate. Get yourself and your passengers out and away from the car immediately. If a collision is imminent, the safest
direction is toward the train but stay of the tracks. That way you will be least likely to be hit by your vehicle or any debris from the collision.
7.4.4 - Drawbridge Signs and Signals
Drawbridges are mechanical bridges over navigable waters that raise or turn to allow marine trafc to go under them.
When they begin to move the roadway is closed to all trafc. Always use caution when driving or walking over a drawbridge.
Drawbridge Signal
These should be treated just like a regular trafc control signal.
Red
Come to a complete stop at the marked stop line. The bridge is in operation and the roadway is closed to all pedestrian and motor vehicle trafc.
Yellow
Stop if you can safely do so. The bridge is just about to start operation. If you are not able to stop, continue with caution and watch for the trafc
gates.
Green
Go - watch out for pedestrians and other vehicles on the bridge.
FlashingYellowLight Signal
This is the frst sign you see when approaching a drawbridge. This sign advises you to slow down and look for the DRAWBRIDGE SIGNAL. If the yel-
low light is fashing to indicate the drawbridge is in operation and the DRAWBRIDGE SIGNAL is red, prepare to stop.
Many drawbridges have gates with fashing red lights and bells. Stop when the lights begin to fash and before the gate lowers across your road
lane. If the gates are down, the road is closed. It is against the law to drive around or under a crossing gate, either down or being opened or closed.
Do not move forward until the gates are raised and the lights stop fashing.
7.4.5 - Construction and Maintenance Trafc Control Signs
Various trafc control devices are used in
road construction and maintenance work
areas to direct drivers and pedestrians safely
through the work site and to provide for the
safety of highway workers.
Be prepared to reduce your speed and use
caution when directed to do so by a sign,
fagger and/or police ofcer.
Construction and maintenance signs are used to notify drivers of unusual or potentially dangerous conditions in or near work areas. Most signs
used in highway and street work areas are diamond shaped.
Channeling Devices
Barricades, vertical panels, drums, and cones are the most commonly used devices to alert drivers of unusual or potentially dangerous conditions
in highway and street work zones. These devices are used to guide the drivers safely through the work area, and at night, they may be equipped
with warning lights. When a Road Closed sign is displayed, do not drive on this road. Look for a detour or another route. Stripes on barricades and
panel devices slope downward in the direction trafc must travel.
- 48 -
Flashing ArrowPanels
Flashing arrow panels are used both during the day and at night to give advance warning and directional
information to drivers, where it is necessary to move to the right or to the left into another lane.
A horizontal fashing bar indicates a warning - use caution approaching the work area.
Flaggers
Flaggers are often provided in highway and street work zones to stop slow, or guide trafc
safely through the area.
Flaggers wear orange vests or jackets and use red fags or stop/slow panels to direct trafc
through work zones.
7.4.6 - Special Signs
SlowMovingVehicle
Vehicles going less than 25 miles per hour (such as farm equipment) must display this sign on the rear when
using public highways.
Green Guide Signs
Green and white signs give information about directions and distances. Guide signs on expressways show
you which lanes to use to get where you want to go. Routes that run generally East-West have even numbers
and those running North-South have odd numbers.
Blue and White Service Signs
Blue and white signs direct you to services, such as gas, food, motels and hospitals.
Brown and White Signs
Brown and white signs point out scenic areas and parks.
7.5 - Pavement Markings
Lines, symbols and words are often painted on a roadway to help direct drivers and control trafc fow. You must know what the diferent lines and
colors mean and obey them as you would trafc signs or signals.
White and yellow lines are used along pavement edges and between lanes to keep vehicles in line. These lines may be solid or broken (long
dashes), single or double.
Unless you are turning, exiting a highway, or changing lanes, always stay between the lines marking your lane.
YellowLane Lines
Yellow lane lines separate lanes of trafc moving in opposite directions. Single yellow lines may also mark the left edge of the pavement on divided
highways and one-way streets.
Broken YellowLine
A broken yellow line separates lanes of trafc moving in opposite directions. Stay to the right of the line,
unless you are passing a vehicle in front of you. When passing, you may cross this line temporarily when it
is safe to do so.
Double YellowLines: One Solid, One Broken
A solid yellow line to the right of a broken yellow center line means passing or crossing is prohibited in
that lane, except when turning left. If the broken line is closer to you, you can cross the broken line only to
pass another vehicle and only when it is safe to do so.
Double YellowLines
Double solid yellow lines prohibit vehicles moving in either direction from crossing the lines. You may not
cross these lines unless turning left when it is safe to do so.
White Lane Lines
White lane lines separate lanes of trafc moving in the same direction. Single white lines may also mark
the rightedge of the pavement.
Broken White Line
A broken white line separates two lanes traveling in the same direction. Once you have signaled and if it
is safe to do so, you may cross this line when changing lanes.
Solid White Line
A solid white line marks the right edge of the roadway or separates lanes of trafc moving in the same direction. You
may travel in the same direction on both sides of this line, but you should not cross the line unless you must do so to
avoid a hazard.
Double Solid White Line
A double solid white line separates two lanes of trafc going in the same direction. Crossing a double solid line is prohibited.
Solid with Turn Lane Arrow
Solid white lines are used for turn lanes and to discourage lane changes near intersections. Arrows are often used with the white lines to show
which turn may be made from the lane.
If you are in a lane marked with a curved arrow and the word ONLY, you must turn in the direction of the arrow. If your lane is marked with both a
curved and straight arrow, you may either turn or go straight.
Reversible Lanes
Some highways have reversible trafc lanes to help handle rush-hour trafc. The direction of trafc is normally
reversed at set times each day. These pavement markings are used along with special lane signals and other signs
and symbols. A solid white line marks the edge of the pavement on most roads.
Stop lines, crosswalks and parking spaces are also marked by white lines. Symbols such as arrows are in white also.
A single yellow line marks the left edge of all divided or oneway roadways. Curbs are often marked yellow in no
parking zones near fre hydrants or intersections. It is unlawful to park in or drive through areas that have
pavement markings indicating fre lanes or safety zones. The lane marking arrow, in the center lane in the diagram,
indicates that trafc in this lane can be reversed in accordance with local trafc controls due to rush hour trafc or other special trafc conditions.
Drivers fromeither direction may use the center lane for left turns.
Two-Way Roadway with Center Lane
Two-way roadway with a center lane for left turns in either direction of travel. The specially
marked center turn lane is intended for slowing down and for sheltering turning vehicles
and may not be used for passing.
Drivers from either direction may use the center lane for left turns.
Bicycle Lanes
Some roads have pavement markings that show lanes specifcally designated for the exclusive use of bicycles. Solid or
broken white lines separate these bike lanes from motor vehicle travel lanes. You may see bike lanes marked with bike lane
signs or by a combination of bicycle symbols and arrows. Where parallel parking is allowed, similar lines may separate the
bicycle lanes from the parking lanes.
Sharrows
Some roads, mostly in urban areas, do have shared-use lane markings (sharrows). These markings alert motorists that
bicyclists may be on the road; indicate to bicyclists where to ride, and discourage bicycling in the wrong direction.
Test Your Knowledge
1. What does a red trafc light mean? What does a fashing red trafc light mean? (See section 7.1)
2. After a full stop at a red trafc light may a driver turn right if the way is clear? (See section 7.1)
3. What does a green arrow showing at the same time as a red trafc light mean you can do?
(See section 7.1)
4. Can you proceed with caution when you approach a fashing yellow light? (See section 7.1)
5. If more than one vehicle is approaching a four-way stop sign and you are the frst one to get there
and stop, do you have the right to move forward frst? (See section 7.4)
6. Where do you usually fnd YIELD RIGHT-OF-WAY signs posted? (See section 7.4)
7. What does a solid yellow line to the right of the center line of the highway mean? (See section 7.5)
8. What does a double solid yellow line in the center of the highway mean? What does a double solid
white line in the center of the highway mean? (See section 7.5)
9. What does a broken white line on the highway mean? (See section 7.5)
- 49 -
The inclusion of advertising does not constitute an
endorsement or the accuracy of the ad by the State of
Florida or the Florida Department of Highway Safety &
Motor Vehicles of the products or services advertised.
Among the 15,544 driver
fatalities for which restraint use
was known, 53 percent (8,165)
were unrestrained.
Source: Department of Transporation
Sponsored by
Your One-Stop Shop for GettingYour Permit!
- 50 -
Section 8 - Vehicle Equipment
These items will be checked before you take the driving test for your license. If your tires, brake light, directional signals, brakes, steering, horn or
mirror are not in good condition, you will not be allowed to take the driving test. You may be stopped at any time by a law enforcement ofcer for a
vehicle inspection.
8.1 - Equipment Standards
The equipment on your car must meet certain standards. These are listed below.
8.1.1 - Brakes
Your car must have two braking systems. Each must be able to stop the car alone. The parking or emergency brake should be strong enough to
hold the car on any hill. Your brakes must be able to stop your car within the distance shown on the chart.
8.1 2 - Braking Distance
You must be able to stop your car within the distance shown by the black cars when you use
the foot brake. For safest driving, keep your brakes in such good condition that you can stop
within distance shown by the white cars. It is important to note that the graph illustrates the
braking distance AFTER YOU HAVE APPLIEDYOUR BRAKES.
NOTE: Reaction times in laboratories are 3/4 of a second. In the driving environment,
your reaction time would be closer to 1.5 seconds and the distance you would travel
at 50 mph would be 110 feet. To this must be added a REACTION DISTANCE, which is the
distance you travel from seeing the danger to putting your foot on the brake pedal. Since 3/4 of a second is the average reaction time, a motorist
will travel 11 feet for each 10 MPH of speed before hitting the brake. At 50 MPH this distance would be 55 feet!
8.1.3 - Steering lock Operation
Vehicles have various systems used to remove the keys from the ignition. Remember, Some ignitions will automatically lock the steering wheel if
the key is removed while moving. Here are some common steering wheel lock systems and a description of how to remove the key:
The Transmission Park System
Park. Shift the transmission into thepark position. Turn the key to LOCK and remove.
The Two Hand Button System
Park. This system requires two hands. Depress button below the steering column. Turn key to the LOCK and remove.
The Lever System
Park. Depress lever located near the ignition. Turn key to LOCK and remove.
The One Hand Button System
Park. Depress button located near the ignition. Turn key to LOCK and remove.
The Push In System
Park. Turn key OFF, push in. Turn key to LOCK and remove.
The Turn and Remove System
Park. Turn key to LOCK and remove. Automobile Safety Foundation
8.1.4 Lights:
Your car must have the following lights:
Bright (high-beam) headlights which show objects 450 feet ahead.
Dimmed (low-beam) headlights which show objects 150 feet ahead.
Two red taillights mounted on the rear, visible from 1,000 feet.
A white light that makes the license plate visible from 50 feet (The plate must be kept clean).
Two red stoplights. They must be seen from 300 feet in the daytime, and must come on when the foot brake is pressed.
All vehicles, including animal-drawn vehicles, must have at least one white light visible from a distance of not less than 1,000 feet to the front. They
must also have two red lights visible from a distance of not less than 1,000 feet to the rear, or one red light visible to the rear for a distance of 1,000
feet and two red refectors visible from all distances from 600 feet to 1,000 feet.
8.2 - Other Equipment Standards
Horn: Your vehicle must have a horn which can be heard from a distance of 200 feet.
Windshield Wiper: Your vehicle must have a windshield wiper in good working order for cleaning rain, snow or other moisture from the wind-
shield.
Windshields: Must be safety glass and may not be covered or treated with any material which has the efect of making the windshield refective or
in any way non-transparent. It must be free of any stickers not required by law.
Side windows: May not be composed of, covered by, or treated with any material which has a highly refective or mirrored appearance and refects
more than 35%of the light.
Directional signals: You must have electrical turn signals if your vehicle measures more than 24 inches from the center
of the top of the steering post to the left outside limit of the body, or when the distance from the steering post to the rear of the body or load is
greater than 14 feet.
Tires: Your tires should have visible tread of at least 2/32 of an inch across the base with no worn spots showing the ply. Smooth tires on wet roads
contribute to thousands of serious crashes.
Mirrors: Your vehicle must have at least one rearview mirror which gives a view of the highway at least 200 feet to the rear.
Keeping your Car in Good Condition
No matter how well you drive, you are not safe unless your vehicle is in good condition. If it is not, you could have a serious crash.
Brakes: Check to see that the pedal stays well above the foor when you step on it. If the car pulls to one side when you use the brakes or you hear
any scraping or squealing noises, your brakes may need to be repaired.
Lights: Replace burned-out bulbs and clean lenses often. Dirty headlights can cut your night vision by one-half. Burned out signal lights or brake
lights mean you cant tell other drivers what you are doing. Keep your lights adjusted so that you dont blind oncoming drivers.
Windows and Windshields: Keep the glass clean, inside and out, to reduce glare.
Rear windows: When the rear window is composed of, covered by, or treated with any material which makes the rear window nontransparent, the
vehicle must be equipped with side mirrors on both sides.
Bumper Height Requirements
Owners of automobiles and pickup trucks are required to have both front and rear bumpers mounted within certain height levels. Height limita-
tions are governed by the net shipping weight of the vehicle, not the modifed or altered weight. The maximum allowable heights between the
pavement and bottom of the front and rear bumper, provided by section 316.251, Florida Statutes, are:
Cars with a net weight of less than 2,500 pounds - 22 inches front and rear.
Cars 2,500 pounds or more but less than 3,500 pounds - 24 inches front; 26 inches rear.
Cars 3,500 pounds or more - 27 inches front; 29 inches rear.
Trucks under 2,000 pounds - 24 inches front; 26 inches rear.
Trucks 2,000 pounds or more but less than 3,000 pounds - 27 inches front; 29 inches rear.
Trucks 3,000 pounds or more but not more than 5,000 pounds - 28 inches front; 30 inches rear.
8.3 - Equipment Not Permitted
You may not have on or in your vehicle:
Red or blue emergency lights. These are for emergency and law enforcement vehicles only.
A siren, bell or whistle.
A very loud mufer or one that lets out smoke.
Signs, posters or stickers on the windshield or windows (except those required by law).
A television which the driver can see.
More than two spotlights, cowl or fender lights, fog lights (in front), or other extra lights (in front).
Headsets worn by driver while operating a vehicle.
8.4 - Additional Equipment Required on Certain Vehicles
Trailers must have the following equipment:
Every trailer or semi-trailer weighing more than 3,000 pounds: On the front, two clearance lamps,
one at each side. On each side, two side marker lamps, one at/or near the front and one at/or near
the rear. On the rear, two clearance lamps, one at each side, and two refectors, one at/or near the
front and one at/or near the rear. There must also be two stoplights on the rear of these vehicles.
One stop light is permitted on vehicles built before January 1, 1972.
Every pole trailer weighing more than 3,000 pounds: On each side, one side marker lamp and one
clearance lamp (which may be in combination), to show to the front, side and rear, on the rear of
the pole trailer or load, two refectors, one at each side.
Every trailer, semi-trailer or pole trailer weighing 3,000 pounds or less: On the rear, two refectors,
one on each side.
- 51 -
The inclusion of advertising does not constitute an
endorsement or the accuracy of the ad by the State of
Florida or the Florida Department of Highway Safety &
Motor Vehicles of the products or services advertised.
Research has found that lap/shoul-
der seat belts, when used, reduce
the risk of fatal injury to front-seat
passenger car
occupants by 45 percent and the
risk of moderate-to-critical injury
by 50 percent.
Source: Department of Transporation
Sponsored by
Dont FailYour PermitTest. TakeOur PrepCourse!
- 52 -
Every trailer must have a stop light if the trailer covers the stop lights on the towing vehicle. Every trailer or semi-trailer weighing 3,000 pounds
or more must have brakes which can be operated by the driver in the towing motor vehicle. The brakes must be designed and connected so
that they will automatically stop the trailer if it breaks away from the towing vehicle.
8.5 - Limitations on Towing
The following rules apply to the drawbar or towing connection:
It must be strong enough to pull all towed weight.
It must not be more than 15 feet long unless you are towing poles, pipes, machinery, or other objects that cannot be easily taken apart.
If a chain, rope, or cable is used as the towing connection, you must have a white fag at least 12 inches square attached to it.
8.6 - Limitations on Loading; Securing the Load
You may not drive or move any loaded vehicle on the highway if the load is not secure. The load must not be able to drop, shift, leak, or other-
wise escape.
You must use a close-ftting cover when hauling loads which could fall or blow onto the roadway. Examples: dirt, sand, lime-rock, gravel, silica,
trash or garbage.
Every truck carrying logs or pulpwood must use proper equipment, including lock chains that will securely fasten the load.
8.6.1 - Projecting Load
When a load extends to the rear 4 feet or more beyond the bed or body of the loaded vehicle, it must be clearly marked.
8.7 - Nighttime
At night, or when you cannot see clearly at least 1,000 feet ahead, the following markers must be used:
Two red lamps on the back of the load which can be seen from at least 500 feet to the rear.
Two red refectors on the rear which can be seen at night from all distances between 100 and 600 feet when directly in front of low- beam
headlights. These refectors should be placed to show the full width of the load. Two red lamps, one on each side of the load, which can be
seen from at least 500 feet. These lamps should be placed near the end of the projecting load.
8.8 - Daytime
In the daytime, 4 red fags at least 12 inches square must be placed on the projecting load where red lamps are used at night (extreme rear and
sides).
NOTE: If the trailer or motor vehicle s transporting logs, long pulpwood, poles or posts that extend more than 4 feet beyond the rear of the load,
then you must have one amber strobe-type lamp equipped, so that the lamp is visible from the rear and both sides of the projecting load. The
lamp must be operational and seen any time of day or night.
8.9- Anti-Locking Brake System(ABS)
Anti-lock brakes prevent skidding and allow drivers to steer during an emergency braking situation. ABS can help improve vehicle stability (avoid-
ing spin-outs), steering ability (directing the car where the driver wants it to go) and stopping capability (distance needed to stop the vehicle).
Many drivers learned the correct way to stop in an emergency situation where traction is lost and the vehicle slides is by pumping the brakes. While
this is correct with conventional brakes, with ABS it is diferent. Drivers with ABS need to press down hard on the brake pedal, hold it and steer out
of danger. In an emergency situation, the ABS automatically pumps the brakes at a faster rate than the driver could. Drivers should be aware that
removing steady pressure from the brake pedal or pumping the brakes will disengage or turn of the ABS.
One of the most important benefts of ABS is that the driver can steer the vehicle away from hazards while braking. Drivers should not turn the
steering wheel hard or jerk the vehicle in one direction. Control of the vehicle can be maintained by steering where the driver wants to go. Drivers
need to check that trafc is clear when deciding where to steer and always remember to steer back into the original lane as soon as the hazard is
cleared.

Vehicles can be equipped with two diferent types of ABS:
Four-wheel on passenger cars and some light trucks. Always remember to brake hard and steer. It is important to keep frm and constant pres-
sure on the brake pedal while stopping.
Rear-wheel-only on some light trucks. It prevents the rear wheels from locking up so that the back end of the vehicle does not skid sideways.
The front wheels can still lock up and the driver will lose steering control if this happens. In this situation, the driver should let up on the brake
pedal with just enough pressure to allow the front wheel to start rolling again to regain control. When the driver feels that he has regained
steering control, the brake pedal should again be frmly engaged.
Drivers can determine whether their cars have ABS by looking for a lighted ABS symbol on the dashboard right after starting the engine, checking
the owners manual or asking the dealer.
8.10 - Emissions - Please Do Not Tamper
It is illegal to tamper with, remove, or cause not to work any pollution control device on your vehicle. Those who do are guilty of a frst or second
degree misdemeanor, depending on the ofense. Tampering with emissions control devices damages your vehicle and can cause the following:
Increased air pollution.
- 53 -
Lower gas mileage and less vehicle efciency.
More maintenance costs.
Respiratory (breathing) difculties.
DO NOT EXHAUST FLORIDAS FUTURE!
8.11 - Vehicle Licensing
If you accept employment or engage in a trade, profession or occupation in Florida or if you enroll your children to be educated in a public school
in Florida, the vehicle you own must have a Florida registration certifcate and license plate. You must obtain the registration certifcate and license
plate within 10 days after beginning employment or enrollment. You also must have a Florida Certifcate of Title for your vehicle, unless an out-of-
state fnancial institution holds the title and will not release it to Florida.
8.12 - Proving Ownership and Insurance Coverage
To get your license plate and registration certifcate, you must prove that you own your vehicle and that you have Florida Personal Injury Protection
(PIP) insurance coverage for your vehicle. You must prove ownership by showing your certifcate of title. You must prove PIP coverage by showing
a Florida insurance identifcation card or other acceptable proof. The vehicle identifcation number (VIN) on any vehicle previously titled or regis-
tered in another state must be verifed by one of several designated ofcials before the vehicle can be titled and registered in Florida. VIN
verifcation is not required on any new vehicles, regardless of whether purchased in Florida or out of state, mobile homes, trailer type recreational
vehicles (travel trailers, camp trailers, truck campers, and ffth wheel recreational trailers) or trailers and semi-trailers with a weight of less than 2,000
pounds.
8.13 - Applying For Title, License Plates and Registration
Apply for title, license plates and registration at any tax collectors ofce in Florida. The cost of your license plate will depend on the type and
weight of your vehicle. Your vehicle must always have a current license plate and you must always have your vehicles registration when you are
driving. If you buy a vehicle from a dealer in Florida, the dealer must apply for a certifcate of title, certifcate of registration and license plate for
you. If you buy a vehicle from an individual, you must obtain the title from the individual and apply for a certifcate of title in your name. You may
apply for certifcate of title, certifcate of registration and license plate at the same time. You cannot get a license plate until you have a title to prove
that you own the vehicle. All frst time driver license applicants who hold an out-of-state license should apply for a Florida driver license before they
register their vehicle in Florida.
8.13.1 - Renewal
Vehicle license plates and registrations must be renewed each year or biennially, on or before the birthday of the frst owner listed on the registra-
tion form. Each time you renew, you must prove that you have the required insurance, unless on fle and electronically updated. You may renew
by mail or through the internet at www.gorenew.com. Registrations expire at midnight on the birthday of the frst owner listed on the registration
form, except for:
Mobile homes - renew yearly by December 31.
Truck-tractors and semi-trailers - renew yearly by December 31.
Vehicles owned by companies and corporations, and some commercial vehicles - renew yearly by June 30.
For more information or assistance on motor vehicle title and registration, contact your county tax collectors ofce.
Test Your Knowledge
1. When the foot brake is pressed, which light must come on? (See section 8.1.4)
2. In addition to other equipment, is your vehicle required to have a white light that makes the
license plate visible from 50 feet, a windshield wiper and a horn? (See section 8.1.4)
3. How many feet to the rear should you be able to see objects through the rearview mirror?
(See section8.2)
4. If a trailer covers the stoplight of the towing vehicle, where else must a stoplight be?
(See section 8.4)
5. Where should refectors be mounted? (See Section 8.4)
6. When one vehicle is towing another by means of achain, what does the chain need to have
displayed on it? (See section 8.5)
7. How long can the drawbar be between the towing vehicle and the vehicle being towed?
(See section 8.5)
8. Give three examples of loads that need to be covered to avoid items, falling or blowing on
roadway.(See section 8.6)
9. Assume that a load extends 4 or more feet beyond the bed or body of a vehicle driven on a
highway in the daytime. How many fags must be used to mark it, and what color should they be?
(See section 8.8)
10. What is the proper way to use anti-lock brakes in an emergency situation? (See section 8.9)
11. What do anti-lock braking systems prevent when used in an emergency stopping situation?
(See section 8.9)
The inclusion of advertising does not constitute an
endorsement or the accuracy of the ad by the State of
Florida or the Florida Department of Highway Safety &
Motor Vehicles of the products or services advertised.
For drivers between the ages of
21 and 24 who were involved in
fatal crashes in 2009, 51 percent
of speeding drivers had a BAC of
.08 g/dL or higher, compared with
only 27 percent of non-speeding
drivers.
Source: Department of Transporation
Sponsored by
Get Your Written Permit Test Online!
- 54 -
Section 9 - Driving School Providers
9.1 - Trafc LawSubstance Abuse Education
Course Providers
Reasons for AttendingTrafc Lawand Substance Abuse Education
If you have never held a regular driver license in any state, country, or jurisdiction, you must complete a Trafc Law and Substance Abuse Educa-
tion course before applying for a Learners license in the state of Florida. The driver education courses ofered by some county school boards may
substitute for this requirement. Please contact your local school board for further information. If you are under 21 years old and receive a notice of
suspension for driving with a BAL of .02 to .05, you must complete a Trafc Law and Substance Abuse Education course in order to reinstate your
driver license on a hardship basis.
An up to date list of approved course providers can be found on our web site at:
http://www.fhsmv.gov/ddl/drivingcourses.html.
9.2 Third Party Tester Driver License Exams
Driver license exams (road rules or road signs) are now available from providers approved by Dept. of Highway Safety and Motor Vehicles. The
on-line service is available to students under 18 years of age. Students of all ages may take the exams with a provider who ofers the exams in an
in-person setting.
An up to date list of approved course providers can be found on our web site at:
http://www.fhsmv.gov/ddl/drivingcourses.html.
9.3 - Advanced Driver Improvement Courses
If your driver license was suspended in the state of Florida for points or as a habitual trafc ofender (non-DUI related), or by court order, you must
complete an advanced driver improvement course.
Note: If you hold a Florida driver license and receive a ticket for a moving violation in Arizona, the state of Arizona may withhold adjudication if you
complete a state-approved advanced driver improvement course. To locate an approved online advanced driver improvement course, refer to your
local telephone directory, or contact the course providers listed below.
An up to date list of approved course providers can be found on our web site at:
http://www.fhsmv.gov/ddl/drivingcourses.html.
9.4 - Basic Driver Improvement Courses
You must complete a basic driver improvement course (Trafc Collision Avoidance Course) if you want to retain your driver license in the following
circumstance:
You were a driver in a crash and are found at fault and someone was transported to the hospital or
You had two crashes in a two-year period, which resulted in property damage greater than $50 or
You are convicted of running a red light or
You were convicted of passing a school bus when it displays a stopped signal or
You were convicted of racing on highway
If you receive a ticket for a non-criminal moving violation, and you do not hold a commercial driver license, you may elect to attend a basic driver
improvement course in lieu of points on your driving record.
In some cases, you may choose to attend a basic driver improvement course to receive insurance discounts. This discount is solely at the discretion
of your insurance company.
9.5 - Electing to Attend Trafc School
Drivers with a Class A, B, or C license, or drivers charged with exceeding the speed limit by more than 30 mph may not make an election under this
subsection. If, as a result of a moving violation, you elect to attend and complete a basic driver improvement course, you will receive the following
benefts:
1. Your insurance rates cannot go up and your policy cannot be cancelled because of this violation, unless this involved a crash where you were
at fault.
2. Points may not be added to your driver license record, adjudication of guilt is withheld, safe driver status is maintained if applicable. You may
not make an election under this subsection if you have made this election in the preceding 12 months. A person may make no more than fve
elections in a lifetime. To determine if you are eligible to make an election to attend trafc school, check our web site at www.fhsmv.gov.
Within 30 days from the date you received the trafc citation and prior to attending class, you must:
1. Inform the Clerk of Court in the county where you received the citation that you want to go to trafc school, and
2. Pay an election fee to the Clerk of Court in the county where you received the citation.
You may contact the trafc school of your choice to register for class. The Florida Department of Highway Safety and Motor Vehicles must approve
the course. Trafc schools are listed in your local telephone directory under driving instruction or trafc schools. Approved course providers are
also listed below. To locate an approved on-line basic driver improvement course, refer to your local telephone directory, or contact the course
providers listed below.
A full list of your options for satisfying your trafc citation is on the back of the citation. You are required to choose one of the three options within
30 days of receiving the citation.
An up to date list of approved course providers can be found on our web site at:
http://www.fhsmv.gov/ddl/drivingcourses.html.
9.6 - Florida Licensed DUI Programs
You may be required to complete a licensed DUI program if your license is administratively suspended for unlawful blood or breath alcohol level, if
you refuse to submit to a breath, blood, or urine test, or if you are convicted of driving under the infuence or possession of a controlled substance.
An up to date list of approved course providers can be found on our web site at:
http://www.fhsmv.gov/ddl/drivingcourses.html.
- 55 -
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