Stem-and-Leaf Plots

Data can be displayed in many ways. One method of

displaying a set of data is with a stem-and-leaf plot.
A stem-and-leaf plot is a display that organizes data to show its shape and distribution.
In a stem-and-leaf plot each data value is split into a "stem" and a "leaf". The "leaf" is
usually the last digit of the number and the other digits to the left of the "leaf" form the
"stem". The number 123 would be split as:
stem 12
leaf 3
Constructing a stem-and-leaf plot:
The data: Math test scores out of 50 points: 35, 36, 38, 40, 42, 42, 44, 45, 45, 47,
48, 49, 50, 50, 50.
Writing the data in numerical order
may help to organize the data, but
is NOT a required step. Ordering
can be done later.
35, 36, 38, 40, 42, 42, 44, 45, 45, 47, 48, 49,
50, 50, 50
Separate each number into a stem
and a leaf. Since these are two
digit numbers, the tens digit is the
stem and the units digit is the
leaf.
The number 38 would be represented as
Stem Leaf
3 8
Group the numbers with the same
stems. List the stems in numerical
order. (If your leaf values are not
in increasing order, order them
now.) Title the graph.
Math Test Scores
(out of 50 pts)
Stem Leaf
3 5 6 8
4 0 2 2 4 5 5 7 8 9
5 0 0 0
Prepare an appropriate legend
(key) for the graph.
Legend: 3 | 6 means 36
A stem-and-leaf plot shows the shape and distribution of data. It can be clearly seen in
the diagram above that the data clusters around the row with a stem of 4.
Notes:
The leaf is the digit in the place farthest to the right in the number, and the
stem is the digit, or digits, in the number that remain when the leaf is dropped.
To show a one-digit number (such as 9) using a stem-and-leaf plot, use a
stem of 0 and a leaf of 9.
To find the median in a stem-and-leaf plot, count off half the total number of
leaves.
A stem and leaf plot, or stem plot, is a technique used to classify either discrete or continuous
variables. A stem and leaf plot is used to organize data as they are collected.
A stem and leaf plot looks something like a bar graph. Each number in the data is broken down
into a stem and a leaf, thus the name. The stem of the number includes all but the last digit. The
leaf of the number will always be a single digit.
Elements of a good stem and leaf plot
A good stem and leaf plot
shows the first digits of the number (thousands, hundreds or tens) as the stem and shows
the last digit (ones) as the leaf.
usually uses whole numbers. Anything that has a decimal point is rounded to the nearest
whole number. For example, test results, speeds, heights, weights, etc.
looks like a bar graph when it is turned on its side.
shows how the data are spreadthat is, highest number, lowest number, most common
number and outliers (a number that lies outside the main group of numbers).
Tips on how to draw a stem and leaf plot
Once you have decided that a stem and leaf plot is the best way to show your data, draw it as
follows:
On the left hand side of the page, write down the thousands, hundreds or tens (all digits but
the last one). These will be your stems.
Draw a line to the right of these stems.
On the other side of the line, write down the ones (the last digit of a number). These will be
your leaves.
For example, if the observed value is 25, then the stem is 2 and the leaf is the 5. If the observed
value is 369, then the stem is 36 and the leaf is 9. Where observations are accurate to one or more
decimal places, such as 23.7, the stem is 23 and the leaf is 7. If the range of values is too great, the
number 23.7 can be rounded up to 24 to limit the number of stems.
In stem and leaf plots, tally marks are not required because the actual data are used.
Not quite getting it? Try some exercises.
Example 1 Making a stem and leaf plot
A teacher asked 10 of her students how many books they had read in the last 12 months. Their
answers were as follows:
12, 23, 19, 6, 10, 7, 15, 25, 21, 12
Prepare a stem and leaf plot for these data.
Tip: The number 6 can be written as 06, which means that it has a stem of 0 and a leaf of 6.
The stem and leaf plot should look like this:
Table 2. Books read in a year by 10 students
Stem Leaf
0 6 7
1 2 9 0 5 2
2 3 5 1
In Table 2:
stem 0 represents the class interval 0 to 9;
stem l represents the class interval 10 to 19; and
stem 2 represents the class interval 20 to 29.
Usually, a stem and leaf plot is ordered, which simply means that the leaves are arranged in
ascending order from left to right. Also, there is no need to separate the leaves (digits) with
punctuation marks (commas or periods) since each leaf is always a single digit.
Using the data from Table 2, we made the ordered stem and leaf plot shown below:
Table 3. Books read in a year by 10 students
Stem Leaf
0 6 7
1 0 2 2 5 9
2 1 3 5


Example 4 Splitting stems using decimal values
The weights (to the nearest tenth of a kilogram) of 30 students were measured and recorded as
follows:
59.2, 61.5, 62.3, 61.4, 60.9, 59.8, 60.5, 59.0, 61.1, 60.7, 61.6, 56.3, 61.9, 65.7, 60.4, 58.9, 59.0,
61.2, 62.1, 61.4, 58.4, 60.8, 60.2, 62.7, 60.0, 59.3, 61.9, 61.7, 58.4, 62.2
Prepare an ordered stem and leaf plot for the data. Briefly comment on what the analysis shows.
Answer
In this case, the stems will be the whole number values and the leaves will be the decimal values.
The data range from 56.3 to 65.7, so the stems should start at 56 and finish at 65.
Table 8. Weights of 30 students
Stem Leaf
56 3
57
58 4 4 9
59 0 0 2 3 8
60 0 2 4 5 7 8 9
61 1 2 4 4 5 6 7 9 9
62 1 2 3 7
63
64
65 7
In this example, it was not necessary to split stems because the leaves are not crowded on too few
stems; nor was it necessary to round the values, since the range of values is not large. This stem
and leaf plot reveals that the group with the highest number of observations recorded is the 61.0 to
61.9 group.

A teacher asked 10 of her students how many books they had read in the last 12 months. Their
answers were as follows:
12, 23, 19, 6, 10, 7, 15, 25, 21, 12
Prepare a stem and leaf plot for these data.
Tip: The number 6 can be written as 06, which means that it has a stem of 0 and a leaf of 6.















Fifteen people were asked how often they drove to work over 10 working days. The number of
times each person drove was as follows:
5, 7, 9, 9, 3, 5, 1, 0, 0, 4, 3, 7, 2, 9, 8
Make an ordered stem and leaf plot for this table.










The weights (to the nearest tenth of a kilogram) of 30 students were measured and recorded as
follows:
59.2, 61.5, 62.3, 61.4, 60.9, 59.8, 60.5, 59.0, 61.1, 60.7, 61.6, 56.3, 61.9, 65.7, 60.4, 58.9, 59.0,
61.2, 62.1, 61.4, 58.4, 60.8, 60.2, 62.7, 60.0, 59.3, 61.9, 61.7, 58.4, 62.2
Prepare an ordered stem and leaf plot for the data. Briefly comment on what the analysis shows.












The results of 41 students' math tests (with a best possible score of 70) are recorded below:
31, 49, 19, 62, 50, 24, 45, 23, 51, 32, 48, 55, 60, 40, 35, 54, 26, 57, 37, 43, 65, 50, 55, 18, 53, 41,
50, 34, 67, 56, 44, 4, 54, 57, 39, 52, 45, 35, 51, 63, 42
Prepare an ordered stem and leaf plot for the data and briefly describe what it shows.
Are there any outliers? If so, which scores?