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Visualbasic Lecture5 PDF

Variable declaration is a statement that creates a variable in memory ere is an example of a variable declaration: Dim VariableName As DataType - Dim (short for Dimension) is a keyword - VariableName is the programmer designated name - DataType is one of many possible keywords for the type of value the variable will contain.

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90 views19 pages

Visualbasic Lecture5 PDF

Variable declaration is a statement that creates a variable in memory ere is an example of a variable declaration: Dim VariableName As DataType - Dim (short for Dimension) is a keyword - VariableName is the programmer designated name - DataType is one of many possible keywords for the type of value the variable will contain.

Uploaded by

aseret423
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Copyright 2011 Pearson Addison-Wesley

Declaring Variables

A variable declaration is a statement that creates a variable in


memory

The syntax is:


Dim VariableName As DataType

Dim (short for Dimension) is a keyword

VariableName is the programmer designated name

As is a keyword

DataType is one of many possible keywords for the type


of value the variable will contain

ere is an example of a variable declaration:


Dim intLength as Integer
!hapter "# $lide %
Copyright 2011 Pearson Addison-Wesley
Declaring &ultiple Variables

$everal variables may be declared in one


statement if they all hold the same type of
value
Dim intLength, intWidth, intHeight as Integer

'r this can be done in " separate statements


Dim intLength as Integer
Dim intWidth as Integer
Dim intHeight as Integer
!hapter "# $lide (
Copyright 2011 Pearson Addison-Wesley
Variable )aming *ules

The first character of a variable name must be


a letter or an underscore

$ubse+uent characters may be a letter,


underscore, or digit

Thus variable names cannot contain spaces or


periods (or many other kinds of characters)

Visual -asic keywords cannot be used as


variable names
!hapter "# $lide "
Copyright 2011 Pearson Addison-Wesley
Variable )aming !onventions

)aming conventions are a guideline to help


improve readability but not re+uired syntax

A variable name should describe its use

.ach data type has a recommended prefix, in


lower case, that begins the variable name

The %st letter of each subse+uent word in the


variable name should be capitali/ed

intours0orked # an integer variable

str1ast)ame # a string (or text) variable


!hapter "# $lide 2
Copyright 2011 Pearson Addison-Wesley
$etting the Value of a Variable

An assignment statement is used to set the


value of a variable, as in:

Assign the value %%( to the variable length

length = 112

Assign the string literal 34ood &orning 3 followed


by the contents of the text box txt)ame to the
variable greeting

greeting = "Gd !rning " " t#tName$Te#t

An assignment changes only the left operand

The right operand remains unchanged


!hapter "# $lide 5
Copyright 2011 Pearson Addison-Wesley
Visual -asic Data Types

6nteger types

-yte

$hort

6nteger

1ong

7loating#8oint types

$ingle

Double

Decimal

'ther data types

-oolean

!har

$tring

Date
!hapter "# $lide 9
Copyright 2011 Pearson Addison-Wesley
)umber $ystem

0hat number system do we use:

De%imal

6t;s called decimal because it has 1& symbols


<, %, (, ", 2, 5, 9, =, >, ?

0hat number system does computer use:

'inary

6t;s called binary because it has 2 symbols


<, %
!hapter "# $lide =
Copyright 2011 Pearson Addison-Wesley
)umber $ystem (cont@)

0hat is the value of this number %<<<%

Decimal: %<<<% and -inary: %=

Decimal A %B%<2C<B%<"C<B%<(C<B%<%C%B%<<
A %<<<< C < C < C < C % A %<<<%

-inaryA %B(2C<B("C<B((C<B(%C%B(<
A %9 C < C < C < C % A %=
!hapter "# $lide >
8osition: 2 " ( % <
Value: % < < < %
Copyright 2011 Pearson Addison-Wesley
)umber $ystem (cont@)

% -yte A > bits

Dnsigned
%B(=C%B(9C%B(5C%B(2C%B("C%B((C%B(%C%B(
<
A %(> C 92 C "( C %9 C > C 2 C ( C %A (55

$igned

#%B(=C%B(9C%B(5C%B(2C%B("C%B((C%B(%C%B(<
A #%(> C 92 C "( C %9 C > C 2 C ( C %A #%
!hapter "# $lide ?
8osition: = 9 5 2 " ( % <
Value: % % % % % % % %
Copyright 2011 Pearson Addison-Wesley
)umber $ystem (cont@)

)umber *ange

Dnsigned
< to ((n #%), n A number of bits
6f n A >, range is
& t 2(( )2* +1=2((,

$igned
#(n#% to C((n#% #%), n A number of bits
6f n A >, range is
+12* )2-=12*, t .12- )2- +1=12-,
!hapter "# $lide
%<
Copyright 2011 Pearson Addison-Wesley
6nteger Data Types

7or values that will always be a whole number

Dsually name a variable starting with a " or 2


letter prefix indicating the variable;s type
!hapter "# $lide
%%
Data Type
)aming
8refix
Description
-yte byt Dnsigned integer from < to (55
$hort shrt $igned integer from #"(,=9> to "(,=9=
6nteger int $igned integer from #(,%2=,2>",92> to
(,%2=,2>",92=
1ong lng $igned integer from #?,((","=(,<"9,>52,==5,><>
to ?,((","=(,<"9,>52,==5,><=
Copyright 2011 Pearson Addison-Wesley
7loating#8oint Data Types

7or values that may have fractional parts

$ingle used most fre+uently

Double sometimes used in scientific calculations

Decimal often used in financial calculations


!hapter "# $lide
%(
Data
Type
)aming
8refix
Description
$ingle sng As large as %<"> plus or minus, = decimal positions
Double dbl As large as %<"<> plus or minus,%5 decimal positions
Decimal dec As large as %<(? plus or minus, (? decimal positions
Copyright 2011 Pearson Addison-Wesley
'ther !ommon Data Types

-oolean E variable naming prefix is bln

olds ( possible values, True or 7alse

!har E variable naming prefix is chr

olds a single character

Allows for characters from other languages

$tring E variable naming prefix is str

olds a se+uence of up to ( billion characters

Date E variable naming prefix is dat or dtm

!an hold date andFor time information


!hapter "# $lide
%"
Copyright 2011 Pearson Addison-Wesley
The $tring Data Type

A string literal is enclosed in +uotation


marks

The following code assigns the name


Gose 4on/ales to the variable str)ame
Dim strName as string
strName = "/se Gn0ales"

An empty string literal can be coded as:

Two consecutive +uotation marks


strName = ""

'r by the special identifier [email protected]


strName = 1tring$2mpty
!hapter "# $lide
%2
Copyright 2011 Pearson Addison-Wesley
The Date Data Type

Date data type variables can hold the date and time
or both

Hou can assign a date literal to a Date variable, as


shown here:
Dim dtm'irth As Date
dtm'irth = 3(4142&1&3

A date literal is enclosed within I symbols

All of the following Date literals are valid:


31241&42&1&3
3*56(5&& 7!3
31&42&42&1& 859&5&& A!3
!hapter "# $lide
%5
Copyright 2011 Pearson Addison-Wesley
Declaring Variables with
6ntelli$ense

As you enter your program, V- often aids you


by offering a list of choices that could be used
at that point

After typing JAsJ in a variable declaration, V-


will offer an alphabetical list of all possible
data types

Type the first few letters of the data type name

6ntelli$ense box will highlight the matching type

8ress the Tab key to select highlighted choice

'r Kust complete typing the entire data type


name
!hapter "# $lide
%9
Copyright 2011 Pearson Addison-Wesley
Default Values and 6nitiali/ation

0hen a variable is first created in memory, it


is assigned a default value

numeric types are given a value of /ero

-oolean types are given a value of 7alse

strings are given a value of )othing

dates default to %(:<<:<< A& Ganuary %,%

4ood practice to initiali/e string variables

Dim strName as 1tring = 1tring$2mpty

$tring with value )othing causes error if used


!hapter "# $lide
%=
Copyright 2011 Pearson Addison-Wesley
6nitiali/ation of Variables

!an provide a starting or initiali/ation value for


any type of variable in a Dim statement

Dsually want to set an initial value unless


assigning a value prior to using the variable

Gust append = :al;e to the Dim statement


where value is the literal to be assigned to the
variable
Dim int!nths7er<ear As Integer = 12
!hapter "# $lide
%>
Copyright 2011 Pearson Addison-Wesley
$cope and 1ocal Variables

$cope refers to the part of the program


where:

A variable is visible and

&ay be accessed by program code

Variables declared within a procedure are


called local variables and observe these
characteristics

$cope begins where variable is declared

.xtends to end of procedure where declared

Variable is not visible outside the procedure

A variable cannot be declared twice in the


same procedure
!hapter "# $lide
%?

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