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    7 Limited Pressure Cycle

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    captainhass
    The document describes the limited pressure or dual cycle, which approximates the behavior of Otto and diesel engines more closely than constant volume or constant pressure cycles. In the dual cycle, heat is added partly at constant volume and partly at constant pressure. The cycle consists of reversible adiabatic compression, constant volume heat addition, constant pressure heat addition, reversible adiabatic expansion, and constant volume heat rejection. Expressions are provided for the air standard efficiency and mean effective pressure of the dual cycle in terms of the compression ratio and other parameters.

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    7 Limited Pressure Cycle

    Uploaded by

    captainhass
    397 views4 pages
    The document describes the limited pressure or dual cycle, which approximates the behavior of Otto and diesel engines more closely than constant volume or constant pressure cycles. In the dual cycle, heat is added partly at constant volume and partly at constant pressure. The cycle consists of reversible adiabatic compression, constant volume heat addition, constant pressure heat addition, reversible adiabatic expansion, and constant volume heat rejection. Expressions are provided for the air standard efficiency and mean effective pressure of the dual cycle in terms of the compression ratio and other parameters.

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    The document describes the limited pressure or dual cycle, which approximates the behavior of Otto and diesel engines more closely than constant volume or constant pressure cycles. In the dual cycle, heat is added partly at constant volume and partly at constant pressure. The cycle consists of reversible adiabatic compression, constant volume heat addition, constant pressure heat addition, reversible adiabatic expansion, and constant volume heat rejection. Expressions are provided for the air standard efficiency and mean effective pressure of the dual cycle in terms of the compression ratio and other parameters.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    397 views4 pages

    7 Limited Pressure Cycle

    Uploaded by

    captainhass
    The document describes the limited pressure or dual cycle, which approximates the behavior of Otto and diesel engines more closely than constant volume or constant pressure cycles. In the dual cycle, heat is added partly at constant volume and partly at constant pressure. The cycle consists of reversible adiabatic compression, constant volume heat addition, constant pressure heat addition, reversible adiabatic expansion, and constant volume heat rejection. Expressions are provided for the air standard efficiency and mean effective pressure of the dual cycle in terms of the compression ratio and other parameters.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 4

    Gas Power Cycles Prof. U.S.P. Shet , Prof. T. Sundararajan and Prof. J.M .

    Mallikarjuna

    4.6 Limited Pressure Cycle (or Dual Cycle):


    This cycle is also called as the dual cycle, which is shown in Fig.4.6. Here the heat

    addition occurs partly at constant volume and partly at constant pressure. This cycle is a

    closer approximation to the behavior of the actual Otto and Diesel engines because in

    the actual engines, the combustion process does not occur exactly at constant volume

    or at constant pressure but rather as in the dual cycle.

    Process 1-2: Reversible adiabatic compression.

    Process 2-3: Constant volume heat addition.

    Process 3-4: Constant pressure heat addition.

    Process 4-5: Reversible adiabatic expansion.

    Process 5-1: Constant volume heat rejection.

    3 4

    Volume

    Indian Institute of Technology Madras


    Gas Power Cycles Prof. U.S.P. Shet , Prof. T. Sundararajan and Prof. J.M . Mallikarjuna

    Constant Volume
    Constant Pressure
    4

    2
    5

    Entropy
    Fig.4.6. Dual cycle on p-v and T-s diagrams

    Air Standard Efficiency:

    Heat sup plied = m C v ( T3 - T2 ) + m Cp ( T4 - T3 )

    Heat rejected = m C v ( T5 - T1 )

    Net work done = m C v ( T3 - T2 ) + m Cp ( T4 - T3 ) - m CV ( T5 - T1 )

    m C v ( T3 - T2 ) + m Cp ( T4 - T3 ) - m C v ( T5 - T1 )
    ηth =
    m C v ( T3 - T2 ) + m Cp ( T4 - T3 )

    T5 - T1
    ηth = 1 -
    ( T3 - T2 ) + γ ( T4 - T3 )
    P3 v v
    Let, = rp ; 4 = rc ; 1 = r
    P2 v3 v2

    T2 = T1 r γ - 1
    T3 = T2 rp = T1 r γ - 1 rp
    T4 = T3 rc = T1 r γ - 1 rp rc

    Indian Institute of Technology Madras


    Gas Power Cycles Prof. U.S.P. Shet , Prof. T. Sundararajan and Prof. J.M . Mallikarjuna

    γ -1 γ -1 γ -1
    T5 ⎛v ⎞ ⎛v v ⎞ ⎛r ⎞
    =⎜ 4⎟ = ⎜ 4. 2⎟ =⎜ c⎟
    T4 ⎝ v5 ⎠ ⎝ v 2 v5 ⎠ ⎝r⎠

    γ -1
    ⎛r ⎞
    T5 = T4 ⎜ c ⎟ = T1 rp rcγ
    ⎝r⎠

    T1 rp rcγ - T1
    ηth = 1 -
    {( T r
    1
    γ -1
    ) (
    rp - T1 r γ - 1 + γ T1 r γ - 1 rp rc - T1 r γ - 1 rp )}

    = 1-
    ( rp rcγ - 1)

    {( rp r γ - 1 - r γ - 1 ) + γ ( rp rc r γ - 1 - rp r γ - 1 )}
    1 ⎧⎪ rp rcγ - 1 ⎫⎪
    ηth 1 - γ -1 ⎨ ⎬
    r ( )
    ⎪⎩ rp - 1 + γrp ( rc - 1) ⎭⎪

    From the above equation, it is observed that, a value of rp > 1 results in an increased

    efficiency for a given value of rc and γ. Thus the efficiency of the dual cycle lies between

    that of the Otto cycle and the Diesel cycle having the same compression ratio.

    Mean Effective Pressure:

    Workdone
    mep =
    Displacement volume

    m C v ( T3 - T2 ) + m Cp ( T4 - T3 ) - m C v ( T5 - T1 )
    =
    v1 - v 2

    m C v ( γ - 1) T1 ⎛ r - 1 ⎞
    v1 - v 2 = ⎜ ⎟
    p1 ⎝ r ⎠

    Indian Institute of Technology Madras


    Gas Power Cycles Prof. U.S.P. Shet , Prof. T. Sundararajan and Prof. J.M . Mallikarjuna

    p1 r ⎧⎪ T3 - T2 γ ( T4 - T3 ) T5 - T1 ⎫⎪
    mep = ⎨ + - ⎬
    ( r -1)( γ - 1) ⎪⎩ T1 T1 T1 ⎭⎪

    =
    p1 r
    ( )( )
    r - 1 γ - 1
    { ( ) (
    r γ - 1 rp - 1 + γ r γ - 1 rp ( rc - 1) - rp rcγ - 1 )}

    =
    p1 r
    ( )( )
    r - 1 γ - 1
    { {( ) } (
    r γ - 1 rp - 1 + γ rp ( rc - 1) - rp rcγ - 1 )}

    Indian Institute of Technology Madras

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