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Grid Voltage Response Testing

The document describes a series of tests to evaluate the grid voltage response and reactive power capability of a generator. It outlines 7 tests for grid voltage response that involve increasing or decreasing the generator's reference voltage in steps and holding each point for 15 minutes. It also describes 2 reactive power capability tests at different load levels and voltage settings to determine the generator's maximum lagging and leading reactive power output. Finally, it provides an overview of tuning tests for the generator's excitation system and power system stabilizer (PSS) to evaluate frequency response and ensure optimal damping of power oscillations on the grid.

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Narvin Raj Chandra
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94 views4 pages

Grid Voltage Response Testing

The document describes a series of tests to evaluate the grid voltage response and reactive power capability of a generator. It outlines 7 tests for grid voltage response that involve increasing or decreasing the generator's reference voltage in steps and holding each point for 15 minutes. It also describes 2 reactive power capability tests at different load levels and voltage settings to determine the generator's maximum lagging and leading reactive power output. Finally, it provides an overview of tuning tests for the generator's excitation system and power system stabilizer (PSS) to evaluate frequency response and ensure optimal damping of power oscillations on the grid.

Uploaded by

Narvin Raj Chandra
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Grid Voltage Response Testing

The following tests shall be performed with the unit operating at rated output power.

No. Test Description Comments
1 For the first test the reference voltage for the voltage regulator will be increased in
steps of 1% of rated value until either the maximum excitation limit is reached or the
voltage at the interconnection point reaches the upper limit for abnormal operation. When
a limiting condition is reached, the generator shall operate at that point for a period of 15
minutes to assure that the plant can operate in a stable manner continuously.
Alter the tap changer
2 For the second test the reference voltage for the voltage regulator will be decreased
in steps of 1% of rated voltage until either the minimum excitation limit is reached
or the voltage at the interconnection point reaches the lower limit for abnormal
operation. When a limiting condition is reached, the generator shall operate at that point
for a period of 15 minutes to assure that the plant can operate in a stable manner
continuously.

3 The test of Excitation System Response Ratio can be determined with the exciter voltage
initially equal to the rated load field voltage of the synchronous machine and then
suddenly reducing the voltage sensed by the voltage regulator from 100% to 80%. All
excitation control stabilizing circuits or other feedback control circuits, which are part of
the voltage regulator, should be adjusted as in actual operation, where possible and
practical. ( IEEE Standard 421A, 1978 Section 5.2)

4 The test of Excitation System Voltage Response Time in the positive direction can be
determined with the unit on line and under load, with the exciter voltage initially equal
to the rated load field voltage and then suddenly reducing the voltage sensed by the
voltage regulator from 100% to 80%. All excitation control stabilizing circuits or other
feedback control circuits, which are part of the voltage regulator, should be adjusted as in
actual operation, where possible and practical. ( IEEE Standard 421A, 1978 Section 5.3)

5 Exciter Ceiling Voltage Test ( IEEE Standard 421A, 1978 Section 5.3)
6 Verification of OEL response to grid voltage response.
7 Verification of UEL response to grid voltage response.
Reactive Power Capability Test

The Generator Facility shall perform the tests under normal operating conditions.
No. Test Description Comments
1 To test maximum lagging MVAr capability (0.85 lagging pf) and maximum leading
MVAr capability (0.95 leading pf), the Generator Facility shall be tested at the following
load levels :
Minimum Loading
60%, 70%, 80%, 90% and 100% MCR loading.

At each test point, the MVAr shall be adjusted accordingly for maximum lagging MVAr
output or maximum leading MVAr output. The transformer tap will be utilized for coarse
adjustment of reactive power and AVR voltage control shall be used for fine adjustments.
Each test point shall be held for a minimum of 15 minutes for stabilisation. Both leading
MVAR and lagging MVAr shall be measured at the generator terminals, with Generator
Voltage adjusted to 1.0pu of rated voltage.

2 Tests shall be carried out for maximum lagging MVAr capability with Generator Voltage
adjusted to 0.96 pu of rated voltage; and for maximum leading MVAr capability with
Generator Voltage adjusted to 1.04pu of rated voltage. Each test point will be held for 15
minutes for stabilization.





PSS Tuning Test

The following tests are to be used as a guideline for the tuning test at site. Original Equipment Manufacturer (OEM) shall provide the detailed
procedure, including block diagrams, signal lists, measurement points specifically for the unit to be tested. The detailed procedure is to be
included in the Tuning Study Report.

No. Test Description Comments
1 Parameter Checking
To verify the settings (parameter values) of the excitation system, generator and PSS are exactly the
same with the values provided / recommended by the OEM in the Tuning Study Report.

2 System Impedance Measurement
To determine the external impedance (including the impedance of the generator transformer, XT) seen
by the unit.

3 AVR Frequency Response Test
CLOSE LOOP AVR Frequency Response Test
To determine the stability of the AVR / excitation system control loop.
OPEN LOOP AVR Frequency Response Test
To determine the relative stability of the AVR / excitation control loop.

4 Generator/Exciter Frequency Response Tests
To determine the frequency response of the generator and AVR / excitation system (GEP)
with and without the PSS.
Uncompensated Frequency Response Test, with PSS OFF
To determine the transfer function provided by the GEP with PSS disconnected.
PSS Frequency Response Test, with PSS OFF
To determine the optimal values of the lead-lag filters and any other PSS signal
conditioning blocks parameters for the required phase compensation.
Compensated Frequency Response Test, with PSS ON
To confirm the phase compensation provided by the PSS in the range of 0.2 to 2.0Hz
are within the criteria.
Gain Margin Test
To determine the optimum PSS gain setting while maintaining sufficient gain margin.


Uncompensated Frequency Response Test, PSS OFF
To assess the damping of the electrical power of the machine without PSS.
Compensated Frequency Response Test, with PSS ON
To assess and confirm the damping / attenuation effect provided by the PSS
especially at the inter-area and local mode frequencies.
Step Response Test
To confirm the effectiveness of the PSS in damping power oscillations, particularly
the local mode oscillations
Line Switching Test
To confirm that the final PSS settings are robust, effective and optimum to damp out
power oscillations.


The Excitation System must be delivered with the following information:
1) Mathematical model and transference function for both the voltage regulator and the power stabilizer (PSS)
2) For closed loop it is required that the manufacturer provides the bandwidth and frequency in which the peak value of the system occurs.

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