Introduction

Abusayeed Saifullah

CS 5600 Computer Networks

These slides are adapted from Kurose and Ross
Goals of This Course
! Be familiar with
" Fundamental network topics
" Some advanced topics
" State-of-the-art
! Implement the course concepts on networked
computers or embedded networked devices or
through standard simulators
Course Outline
! Introduction to computer networks
! Application layer
! Transport layer
! Network layer
! Media Access Control (MAC) layer
! Wireless networks
! Basic security concepts
Personnel
! Instructor
" Dr. Abusayeed Saifullah
Personnel
! Instructor
" Dr. Abusayeed Saifullah
" Office: 335 Computer Science Building
" Office hours
Tuesday 11:00am-12:00pm or by appointment
Feel free to stop by if you see I am in my office
! Teaching assistant
" XXX XXX
office hours: TBD
Resources
! Textbook
" Computer Networking: A Top-Down
Approach, 6/e; Kurose and Ross
! Reference books
" Computer Networks; Tanenbaum
and Wetherall
" Java Network Programming;
Elliotte Harold
" Beej's Guide to Network Program-
ming Using Internet Sockets
! Course website
" http://web.mst.edu/~saifullaha/courses/cs5600.html

Coursework
! Homework and literature study: 20%
! Midterm: 25%
! Final: 25%
! Project: 25%
! Class participation: 5%
Literature study
! General Network: SIGCOMM
! Wireless: MobiCom
! Theory: MobiHoc
! Wireless sensor network: SenSys, IPSN, RTSS
! Real-Time wireless: RTSS, RTAS
Project
! Group work: 3-4 students per group
! Three options
" Each group can choose its own project # needs
instructors approval
" Research project (requiring effort beyond the course
req.)
" Instructor-assigned network protocol implementation
! Real implementation or in standard network
simulator (NS, QualNet, TOSSIM)
Expertise for Project
! TinyOS, Contiki
! NesC, C/C++, Java
! Software Radio
! QualNet, NS, TOSSIM
! Socket Programming
Questions?
Lecture Outline
our goal:
! get feel and
terminology
! more depth, detail
later in course
! approach:
" use Internet as
example
overview:
! whats the Internet?
! whats a protocol?
! network edge; hosts, access net,
physical media
! network core: packet/circuit
switching, Internet structure
! performance: loss, delay,
throughput
! security
! protocol layers, service models
! history

Roadmap
1.1 what is the Internet?
1.2 network edge
" end systems, access networks, links
1.3 network core
" packet switching, circuit switching, network structure
1.4 delay, loss, throughput in networks
1.5 protocol layers, service models
1.6 networks under attack: security
1.7 history
! An entity of interconnected
computers
! Example
" Internet: the largest and the
most well-known network
" Wireless LAN
" 3G Mobile
" Wireless sensor network
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What is a Network?
Distributed Systems vs. Network
Distributed Systems vs. Network
! A networked system can be either
centralized or distributed
! Distributed system
" No centralized computation
" Local computation
" Scalable
Why?
Think why there are 50
states in USA
Whats the Internet: nuts and bolts view
! millions of connected
computing devices:
" hosts = end systems
" running network apps
! communication links
" fiber, copper, radio,
satellite
" transmission rate:
bandwidth
! Packet switches: forward
packets (chunks of data)
" routers and switches

wired
links
wireless
links
router
mobile network
global ISP
regional ISP
home
network
institutional
network
smartphone
PC
server
wireless
laptop
Fun internet appliances
IP picture frame
http://www.ceiva.com/
Web-enabled toaster +
weather forecaster
Internet phones
Internet
refrigerator
Slingbox: watch,
control cable TV remotely
Tweet-a-watt:
monitor energy use
A-? 5-1. 431 <%41"%14 B--@ B#@1C
Internet Protocol
! Drives Internet traffic (see analogy with road traffic)
Whats a protocol?
human protocols:
! whats the time?
! I have a question
! introductions
specific msgs sent
specific actions taken
when msgs received, or
other events
network protocols:
! machines rather than
humans
! all communication activity
in Internet governed by
protocols
protocols define format, order
of msgs sent and received
among network entities,
and actions taken on msg
transmission, receipt
a human protocol and a computer network protocol:

Hi
Hi
Got the
time?
2:00
TCP connection
response
Get http://www.awl.com/kurose-ross
<file>
time
TCP connection
request
Whats a protocol?
! Most widely used protocols are defined in standards
! Why standard?
Protocol Standardization
! All standards of the Internet are published as RFC
(Request for Comments)
! e.g., the SMTP protocol is specified in RFC821
! but not all RFCs are Internet Standards
Internet Standardization Process
! All standards of the Internet are published as RFC
(Request for Comments)
! e.g., the SMTP protocol is specified in RFC821
! but not all RFCs are Internet Standards
! A typical (but not the only) way of standardization:
! Internet draft
! RFC
! draft standard (requires 2 working implementations)
! Internet standard (declared by Internet Architecture
Board)
! David Clark, 1992:
We reject: kings, presidents, and voting. We believe in:
rough consensus and running code.
Internet Standardization Process
Roadmap
1.1 what is the Internet?
1.2 network edge
" end systems, access networks, links
1.3 network core
" packet switching, circuit switching, network structure
1.4 delay, loss, throughput in networks
1.5 protocol layers, service models
1.6 networks under attack: security
1.7 history
A closer look at network structure:
! network edge:
" hosts: clients and servers
" servers often in data
centers
! access networks, physical
media: wired, wireless
communication links
" Shared or dedicated

! network core:
" interconnected routers
" network of networks
mobile network
global ISP
regional ISP
home
network
institutional
network
Access net: digital subscriber line (DSL)
central office
ISP
telephone
network
DSLAM
voice, data transmitted
at different frequencies over
dedicated line to central office

! use existing telephone line to central office DSLAM
" data over DSL phone line goes to Internet
" voice over DSL phone line goes to telephone net
" dedicated
! < 2.5 Mbps upstream transmission rate (typically < 1 Mbps)
! < 24 Mbps downstream transmission rate (typically < 10 Mbps)
DSL
modem
splitter
DSL access
multiplexer
Access net: cable network
cable
modem
splitter

cable headend
Channels
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1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
frequency division multiplexing: different channels transmitted
in different frequency bands
data, TV transmitted at different
frequencies over shared cable
distribution network
cable
modem
splitter

cable headend
CMTS
ISP
! HFC: hybrid fiber coax
" asymmetric: up to 30Mbps downstream transmission rate, 2
Mbps upstream transmission rate
! network of cable, fiber attaches homes to ISP router
" homes share access network to cable headend
" unlike DSL, which has dedicated access to central office

Access net: cable network
Wireless access networks
! shared wireless access network connects end system to router
" via base station aka access point
wireless LANs:
" within building (100 ft)
" 802.11b/g (WiFi): 11, 54 Mbps
transmission rate
wide-area wireless access
" provided by telco (cellular)
operator, 10s km
" between 1 and 10 Mbps
" 3G, 4G: LTE
to Internet
to Internet
Host: sends packets of data
host sending function:
! takes application message
! breaks into smaller
chunks, known as packets,
of length L bits
! transmits packet into
access network at
transmission rate R
" link transmission rate,
aka link capacity, aka
link bandwidth
R: link transmission rate
host
1 2
two packets,
L bits each
packet
transmission
delay
time needed to
transmit L-bit
packet into link
L (bits)
R (bits/sec)
= =
Physical media
! bit: propagates between transmitter/receiver pairs

! physical link: what lies between transmitter & receiver
" guided media: signals propagate in solid media: copper,
fiber, coax
" unguided media: signals propagate freely, e.g., radio
Physical media: radio
! signal carried in
electromagnetic spectrum
! no physical wire
! bidirectional
! propagation environment
effects:
" reflection
" obstruction by objects
" interference
radio link types:
! terrestrial microwave
" e.g. up to 45 Mbps channels
! LAN (e.g., WiFi)
" 11Mbps, 54 Mbps
! wide-area (e.g., cellular)
" 3G cellular: ~ few Mbps
! satellite
" Kbps to 45Mbps channel (or
multiple smaller channels)