Afghanistan: The Arthur Paul Afghanistan Collection

at the University of Nebraska-Omaha

Digitized Afghanistan Materials in English
from the Arthur Paul Afghanistan Collection
University of Nebraska - Lincoln Year
A narrative of the march and operations
of the Army of the Indus in the
expedition into Aghanistan in the years
1838-1839, under the command of H.E.
Lieut. General Sir John (now Lord)
Keane (1865)
William Hough
This paper is posted at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln.
http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/afghanenglish/38
A N' Al t R. h TI VE
017 THE
MARCI-I AND OPERATIONS
Ol r TA [i
A R M Y @F THE I NDUSg
1h' THl L
E X P E D I T I O N I NT O Al?l.GBANIS'l'AN
IN TkIE YEhl l S 1538-1839,
UNDRl l THE CJO;\I>lr\NIJ OF
1-1. E. LIEUT.-GENERAL Sllt JOI-IN (NOW LORD) REANE,
G. C. 13. G. C. FI., Coltllt~nncler-i~l-Chid:
ILLUSTRATED DY A
MAP : WITH VIEjvS
OF
CANDAHAR, GI-IUZNEE, AND CABOOL,
AND DY
V'AEU@US TABLES :
ALSO ;
l'ITE IIIWOILY 017 THE D001l ANEE EMPIRE FIlOM ITS I'OUNUATION ( 1747) 'TO
TFlE I'BESEWT 'I'I>IE.
- .- i
Dl:DlCi\l' tl> IIY I' RIIIIISSIO?I
TO T1.IE RRIGI.lT I-ION'DLE
THE EARL OF A CI<LAND, G. C. H., kc.
r 3' 1. General of r?idin.
I
. .
,P .--6 .. - -
&-
. . . . 7- - --
--
- -
- T A 3 0 ~ . U'OUGH, I
48th Itegime~rt, BL I I I ~ CI ~ hr,ltive I I I ~ I I I I ~ I' IJ :
L1.1.Z DEPUTY J UDGE ADVOCATE GENEI l AL OF 'THB " BENGAL COLULl N, AKMY OF
I
I
.... .. ---., -
I
C A L C U T T A :
i
1 W. Tr i ~c r c ~n AND c o . ST. ~ ~ D I Z E W ' S 1 , l u ~ ~ n u . ! I
RT. I-ION. TI-TE EillEL OI"AUCI<LAND, G. C:. B.
J
I HAVE at length t he sacishct,ion of preseilting
-k-
the " ~Vars.cct.'ive of the ikIarcl~ nlrd Opercitions of the
.'I\
Amtg qff tlze A~dz~s," 1~11ich you did ine the 11onor
/
to pennit me to dedicate to your Lordship.
I 2. The importance, in a political ancl military
point of view, of the great measure of your Lord-
shil>' sadministration, by which an addition1 barrier
against foreign invasion, has been secured to the
I . t h West of British India, hzs induced
me to add to this volume, a History of the Dynasty
of the " Dooranee Empire ;" esl~ibiting the period
, ,-
of its foundation; the period and splenclour of its
1
I
rille ; the ~l et h~onei nent of its sovereign, and loss of
I
, i i t s most valuable provinces ; the dismelliber~~lellt of
I
!
the remaining portion of the country ancl thirty
i
years of annr cl ~y and misrt.lle : and finally, thc
i
. I
rsstorntion, under your IJurtlship's ausl!ices, of .Slzall
_ ( .
I - 1
Sl1oc~ial~-oul-3looll~, to ~ h r tllrone of his a~icrstors.
I
n. 3 1 ; ~ ~ I I)erlllitted to ail(7-~. 1iiI~ r esul t
of the thxpetlition has obtaiiled sucll pr es ent a d v ~l l -
t a p s , ant1 has rendered ;~n act of justice t.0 a fallen
~non;trch, who long liivetl unt l er t he prot ect i on of r~
liberal go~er nment - t l l i ~t 1 trust, unde r Divine
Pro~iclcnce, t he event Inay n o t onl y cause the: regc-
nerntion of hf f ~hnni s t a n ; b u t may, in f ut ur e timcs,
be attendcd nit11 great co~ninercial adv:lntnges t o
Great Uritnin.
I I ~ nv e t he honor to be,
IVY LORD,
Your Lorclship' s faithful servant,
\171LLI~1R~ I-IOUG1-I.
C.'.\ LC\ : ' ~TA,
25/11 .*ityust, I$d(].
*,k* 'l'l~e render is req~~eeted to refer to the Adrienih nt
tile end of tlie w o ~ k fo1. f'tlrthcr i ~l f or ~nnt i on rcgasding the
I
J?lrrtsiofi oj ' Jitrdicr, by tli e S wedis11 Anl bas~i l r l ~r .
I HAVE given to this work the title of the " I ? ~ ( F ' c ~
ctrtcl Ope?.ntions of' the Av~11y of' f h ~ l h ~ l t ~ ~ , ' ' ~ C C ~ L L I S ~ it
is iiot inercly a " Diary." The cletails of the Inarch
:mcl operations of an Army in the f ~ i n in which 1
have given them, r~pl~earecl to iuc to be tlic nlost
simple method, and the notice, as tlley occnrrccl, of
the losses sustnineti in cattle, kc. by the St,a.te or
by private individuals, has the aclrantage of itlcn-
tifying the places where the Ariny s:iffered most.
The cletails of the losses sustained by an ariny innrch-
ing into n foreign country, inay be useful RS guides
for the future ; and I ain indebtetl to friends for
many valuable tables to prove the axnount in each
case.
2.
Flacl I the ability to give a coinprel~ensire
political view of so great an undertaking, still as
the necessity for the ineasure is aclcno~vleclgeci by
sound politicians, i t were useless to argue the point
in detail. If tlie article on the " J~rvnsion o/'Jndia,"
and tlie " .Ifistory of' the Doorcotes Rn~i ~e, " will
not satisfy the objections of another class of politi-
cians, I plead iny inal~ility, on tile present occasion,
to do more than refer tbein to the " Prt~.Gn.mc?rtasy
(1) " Whi l e you Iteel) the pel1 of col.rection ~ . u n ~ ~ i n g ovct. this
work, cover its fa111ts with tllc r n u ~ ~ t l c of t e~~er csi i y. "
Plye~.s." I air1 of that class cdled " TiT.',Itiy ;" nncl nu*
of opinioli that :i inistn!<cn policy to\~larrls Persia
caused the expedition into hffghanistnn.
The expense I believe, will be less than the ad-
mirers of another plan would suppose : but the cost
should be to another periocl.
3. Tlle nature of the countrjr, in a great measure,
prescribed the plan of our marches. Our operations
were against fortresses, where the engineers, as a
matter of science, had the chief direction of tlle inode
of procedure, and as they declared only oue forill
of attaclr was available under the existing circurn-
stances, the execution of i t only remained to be
carried into effect. The daily description of the
country we passed through, may serve to sllocv by
tlie relative position of our columns, the means to-
resist an enemy. If the reports of " aclvnncing
foes" often roved fallacious, such will be found to
be the case in all warfare ; it is wise to be prepared
for their truth : but we must not conderni~ the
"PoZitz'cats," because a rumour of such a nature
I
proved untrue. Information obtained in a foreign
country must often be uncertain ; the parties giving
it may have every inducement to be sincere; but,
like Hajee Khan, Kakur, they may prove deceit-
ful.
4. I have commented on several occurrences,
from a desire to state, fairly, what took place, and
I have endeavourecl to do so wit11 a view to elicit a
consideration of what I have deerviecl erroneous, to
prevent their recurrence ; but without any intention
of hurting the feelings of any one. JVlrere any
action of gallantry or conspicuous goo3 conduct
occurred, I have mentioned the nnilltr of t he in-
AOd~rss l o Iltc Render.
1'1 I
(iividual, which is an act of just,ice.
I 1121:~ em-
ployed the most simple style, which i s a type of
the old-school: but, if I have rendered the ~vork
a useful record of facts, T shnll be satisfied; and
willingly concede to others, the ability to write i n a
more fascinating form.
5.
li'rom the nature of our operations, Cavalry
were less employed than Infantry, the A@>~LLLYL tr001)s
are chiefly coinposecl of Cavalry, but do not equal
the description given of the " Cmzduhw Ilorse" of
former days; though we had no opportnnitjr of
testing their military worth. The Ghi!ji~?s have
proved themselves, of late, to be the boldest of the
mounted troops of tlie country.
The E?a.o]~enn troops of our Army had no " ~u91z"
from the time we left Candahar, till a supply came
from India, after the campaign. Owing t o eating
tlie fat Doolnba mutton which is rich, and drinking
the water of the country possessing an aperient
quality, they suffered much from bowel complaints.
\Vhatever may be the opinion of the " i i bst i , emce
Societies," all sound lnedicaa men declare the sud-
den deprivation of spirits to be injurious.
Now t.hat the <' lMc~~g~zates'' have received the
meed of their merits, in the shape of ~I O~LOTS and
Ra9di, i t is to be hoped that the more humble
officers, N. C. 0. and soldiers may be honored wit11
the " Medal" for the capture of Ghuznee, which his
Affghan majesty designed to bestow, in high appro-
bation of their serliices; while the public voice
ion.
has sanctioned the justness of the espectzt'
6.
As i t appea~ed to me that some account of a
country so little known, and which has been tho
scene of our operations, should be affo~clecl, and
...
vl l l Add,rcss t o t he Reader.
having possessed the nleans of effecting such an
object ; I have in my XVIIth Chapter given the
Il i st o~y of' the Booranee Dylznsty."
I t may, here,
not be out of place, t o show the ancient dimen-
sioils of the Emnpi~e; now reduced to the Icilzgdon~
of Cabool and its dependencies.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
IS.
19.
- - - - . - - - - --- -
Neeshapoor.
Meshid.
Herat .
Cabool.
Balkh.
Bameean.
Ghorebund.
Ghuznee.
Cn~i dnl ~ar .
Jellnlabad.
Peshawer.
Cashmeer.
The Punjab.
Dera Ghazee ICllau.
Dera Ismael I<hnn.
Mooltan.
Sindh.
Helochistan.
The country as far E. ns Sirhind.
At t he death of Ahmed Shah t he founder
(1747) who died in 1773, t he Empi re
was composed of :-
1. Cabool.
2. Bnmeean.
3. Ghuznee.
4. Candahar..
5. Jellalabad.
Under Shah Shoojah-ool-
Moolk, 1839.
T HE INVASION OF INDIA, AND THE MEANS
OF DEFENCE.
1. The I11\ritsi011 of Indi;~, lias been c o~~t e l ~~pl i ~t e d at
v:\rions pcriotls for more tllarl Ilalf a century.
Sir Jol~a
MchT~i l l (1) states that Prillce Nilssau Siegen presented to
Cc~lt~erine of Russia i n 1787, a project, drn\vn up by a
Frenchman, for nlarclling :in Arlny tllroilgh Bokhara and
Casfilneer (2) to Bengiil, to drive the Euglish out of India,
this was to bc precedetl by x m;rnifesto dedamtive of the
illtention to re-establish the greiit 3~logliul on the throne of
Indi a; (3) nnd though Yote~~akin derided it, tlie plan was
favorably reccived by the Emprcss: and has never been
forgotten in Russia.
2. I t is a singular fact that Zeman Shall, (4) brother to
Sh; ~h Sllooj:ih, whonl the British Govcr nu~~ut hns just re-
placed on the t l ~rone of Cabool, shoulil have ttvicc (1797
a1111 1795) tlireiltelled the invasion of India; the last time
nccompa~~ieil \vith a letter ;~ddressed to tlie illi~lister at Dellli
(1) Progress nntl prescnt position of Russia, (183S,) p. 46.
(2) Than possessed by t l ~ e ~Iffghans, now belonging to t he Silchs. I n
our treaty wit11 t he Silt11 governn~ent (25th April, 1800), i t w;ls pro-
vide11 (Article 1st) that " the British Governmel~t will have no concern
\r,itll the territories and subjects of the raj al ~s to t he nortll~vard of tho
river Sutlej." Uut for this article, t he Silchs never would 11:rve ob-
ti~inetl possession of this vnluable province.
(9)
Shall Alum wns then i n the hnnds of the Rl ~l l ~rat t nl ~s.
Th e
above measure, i t \ VRS snl)l)osed, mo:~ld secure t he concurrence of t he
intermediate states, end nttrnct all discontented spirits to t he standirrd
of Rnssia. 'l'lle S11;ih was replnced on his tllrone in 1803, by t he Bri-
tish Government.
(4)
Ile \r;rs clethroned in 1801, nnd blinded.
Sllnll Shoojah SUC-
ceedetl Ilim as Icing, and was dethroned in 1909. Dot11 were pensioners
of the British Governmcrlt, till the result of t he expedition plnced
Shall Shooj:iI~, a second tilrlc, on tho throne of Cabool.
tlccl:~ril>g 11is i ~~t c ~l t i ol i of r ( ! t ~ ~ r ~ i i ~ ~ g , 011 it 111nrc fi~vorill)le
occaaiou, to rcpli~ce Sll;~h Al u~n o n his tllroi~e, i111tl n~itlre
Lhe &~i1~10111(!t~illl t,IlC ~ ~ i l ~ : L l ~ ~ i ~ l l l l ~ l)O\lrcr it1 111tli:i. 1111 :11li-
1)jLions Ooverri~llollt \vo111tl in 18% Ii;l\rc t;ll;crl l)ossussio~i of
1lll'~l1:uiisln11, illstci~tl of nrlopti~lg the Illore ge~l r r ons ; ~ c t of
t I ~c rcstor;it,io~l of n loilg deposctl 1~01l i 1~cl l . Both the above
events causecl $rent alivni in Irldiir, nlld occ;~sio~led a con-
sii1er;rble ilicrensc in l l ~ e Bc11g;ll Arluy. (5)
11 Porsii~li of ~. it~il< mils c~iLrustctl, by the Goverrir~lc~it of
Bonib;~y, wit11 a 1cl;tcr to t hc Icitig of l'ersiil to elitlenvour to
secure Iiis aitl, \vliicIi was ;~florrlcd ill the slinpe of :ui :rtt:~cli-
on AfTgl~n~i provi~icc i11 I<llor;~sn~i ; which caused Ze11i:ul
Sllnli's return from Lahore to his Cilpik~l.
3. T l ~ e Qovcrnme~it of I r ~t l i ; ~ 11ext tleter~ilinetl to sclitl
;,I, Ainb;rss;rdor to Persia. Sir J. Mi~lc011~1 was sclectctl.
I-le left Bo111biry ill tlie ctltl of 1799, ilrrivcd ill Persiir ill
1800, ant1 i l l lSOl, commercial zrntl ~)oliticirl trelrties 1vei.e
signed I~et.\veen the nrilish arid Pcrsiil11 C ~ ~ V ~ ~ K I I ~ I ~ I I I ; ~ . The
9
ilivasioil of Egypt by France :rbout tliis periotl, ~vi t h 40,000
I
111~11, tl~oiigll it fi~ilccl i l l g i r i ~~i r ~g t l ~ e ol)jc!t:t i11to11tle(l, ( . ) I v ~ I I ~
,
t o our successes, olrglit to Iliivc opciletl the cyes of thc
tniliistry of tliirt pcriotl, to t.hc prol)ability of i r t ~ ;rl;tcn~pl
t o invntlc 1ndi;l by tho \v;ry of Persi : ~; but the o p p o r t u ~l i t ~
111lass lost. This was tile .jil.st error.
111 1805, (6) llie ICitig of Persia bci ~l g 1111;lble to copc wit11
ltussi;~, ntltlressed ii letter to Nilpoleorl, desiri~ig to form ;ui
nllia~icc with Francc. M. Jua6ert mas setit to Tehriro.
Illerzn Ilezn, ill return, wcilt or1 ;L ~i i i ssi o~i t o Nnpoleoll,
ilccoiiiynnied him t o Tilsit, ir~itl coiicluiled a treaty, wliich
was ratified ;it Feiiltellstei~l ill Mi ~y, 1 SOT. At thc sniile
time ilfuhomed rVe6bee ICh[tn was serit ils El l r oy t,o t he
Britisli Govenimertt; of Ir~tli:~, t o cltii~n ifis irssistniice irg:~inst
Riissin ; b ~ i t hie mission \vtls u~isoccessful ; :ri~tl Persi : ~ losing
all hope of support from hcr oltl ally, I ~nd no i~lter~iirtive
but to tlirow herself i r ~t o t he nrluu of Frni~ce.
( 6 )
'I'llo 4th Lt. Cavy., the present 26tl1, 27tl1, 28t,l1, 29th, 30tl1,
3Jst, ~ P I I ~ , 33rd, 3I.tl1 rmtl 35th Rcgts. N. I .
ri~iscd in oonscqucilce.
1
( 6 ) AIoZ\Teill, 11. 55.
4.
Thi s was tlic secol~cl crror i l l our policy t owards Persia.
Tl i ere mas ;rlso a t t hi s period, a secrct t reat y siglied i ~ t
Tilsit, betmeell Napoleoil aud t he Ei nper or Al exander,
liirvil~g fol, i t s obj ect t he i nvnsi o~l of Iiidia, each power t o
furni sh 30,000 ii~crl. Nilpole011 wi\s playing ;L double girme.
Probabl y hi s plails i n Spai n i ~ ~ i d Port ugal ptcvented tlic
'
execut i on of hi s desi gns on I ndi a on ;L gr eat sc;rle. Probabl y
lie was liot desiroiis of slaarilig hi s conquest with It ussi a;
nild ulished, by a successful invasion of l t r~ssi a, t o carry
si ngl e-hi ~i l ded hie views i n tlie East . Tl i e next st ep of
Nnpol eoi ~ was t o send Gerleral Gnrrlnnlze ;IS Ai ~l bassarl or
LO tlle Cour t of tlie Shah. Fr ench ofi ccrs werc sci i l 1~110
l i rst i ~i t roducet l E~i r openi i tlisciplilie illto tlie Pcrsiiui Army.
Fr ench Engi neer s bui l t tlie first rcgul ar forti6c;~tioils.
5. I11 I809 Sir J. 11dctlcolm was sent 011 it second ~ni ssi oa
to Persia. 011 hi s nrrivill a1 Uusliire 11c n7ns rl(:tlicd permi ssi oi ~
t o proceed t o tlie c;ipit;tl, owi ng t o Freiicli iiitluciice; (7)
i n consequence lie ret urned t o Cal cut t a. Sir IIurford Jones,
(8) nlho l i d been s c ~ i t by tlie Cour t of Londot l on a ~ i ~ i s s i o ~ l
t o Persia, was received a t t he Persiaii Court . The Slli~ll
apprehensi ve of t he t hreat ened liostilitics froill India, ;u1d
Illore t han all, t he i1l;rbilit.p of t he Fr ench A i i i b i ~ ~ ~ a d ~ r t o
per f or n~ t he promises liis ~i l ast er had made, (9) securrtl t o
tliis mission ;L favorable reception, a i d ~i l t i mi ~t el y forcer1 tlie
F~*encl i Et ~i ba s s y to retire, a nd procurcd ;r Persi an hillbas-
~il(10r t o be sent to Eligliultl. Si r 13. Joi i es set t l cd i~ preli-
mi nary t reat y 011 t he 12tli March, 1809, t o t he f o l l o ~ v i ~ ~ g
effect: (10)
( 7)
FIe \vns told to communicate with the Viceroy at Sl i i r; ~~, which
11e ref~ised to do. I t was expected that an Ambirssador should be sent
by the crown ni i d riot by the E. I . Company.
( Y)
Since Sir 14. Jones Urydges. FIe was (in Jnnoary, 1809), eiiter-
ing, irs he stiites, the hnrbour of Bombay just irs Sir J. A,Ii.l;llcolm had
sailed frorii it.
(9)
Genl. G;rrdnnne had persuntled tlie Shah to take n Pi-encli sub-
sidiitry force, but fVul>oleon disirl>proved of tlie nv.xsure, mllicl~ is no st
u~li~cco~~ntirble.
(10)
And returned to l31igIi~11d in 1811. A treaty founded on tliis
IV:IS settled I)y Sir Gore Ouslcy, who ~vils appointetl An~bassntlor extra-
ordinary from tho Itirlg of Erlglirrld.
xii Tire Invasion of India,
Article IV.
( I I ) " I n cilse any Eu ~o l ~c a n Forces shill1
invade the territories of Persia, Ni s Britilnnic Majesty will
ilfford :i force, or, in lieu of it, a subsidy. That in ciise t he
dominions of 13. B. M. i n India arc i~ttnclted or invaded
by the Afgltan,~, or i ~n y other powel., I-I. M. tlie I<i ~l g of
Pcrsi:~ shill1 i~fford a force for t he protectiou of t he silicl
tlominions." (12.)
Uul;, while the Gover n~nent of India had, thns, secured
tlic aid of Persia in case of tlic i ~~vas i on of British Indi a by
the Afghans, or any other power, it was resolved t o be doubly
armed, on t he presenl occ:rsion, by having ir treaty wit11
the Afghans themselves. Accordi~igly, tlie mission of the
Honorable Mr. M. Elphinstone wi ~s despatched t o the Court
of Cabool, which resulted in t he following treiitp. (13).
0. Arlicle 11. " If Lhe French ant1 l'ersia~ts, ill ~ I L I ~ S I I -
ilnce of their confederacy, shonltl adv;uice towirrtls t he 1ci11g
of CabooPs country in a hostile manner, the Brilisl~ state,
endcnvouri~ig heartily lo repel tlien~, sliiill hold tliemscl\~es
liable to aKord the expenses necessllry for the i l bo~e men-
tioned service, to t he ext ent of their ilbility. Whi l e t l ~ c
confederacy betmeell the F r e ~ ~ c t i a ~ ~ d Persinns coiiti~iucs in
force, these articles shall bc i11 force, and be acted on by
both ~ar t i es . ~'
So that, while t he Go v c r ~ ~ ~ n e ~ i t of Indiil entercd into a
treaty with Persia to tlefend British India in case of its
illvnsio~i by the Afylrans, or ally other pozuel; it, a t the same
time, sent a lnissiol~ t o t hc Icing of the AfyAans, and lnnde
( I I ) I'nrlii~mentary papers.
(12)
T l ~ c definitive treaty, conclutlecl a t 'I'cl~r;in, by Messrs. iVIor-
4
ri er and Ellis, on tlic 25th Nov. 1914, fixed t he subsidy to Persia, if
troops were not furnished, a t 200,000 Tonlnuils (&#1,00,000) ; but t he
late Abbas Merza, P. 11. of Pel-sin, in March, 1628, gclve liifi bond cnn-
celling the subsidy, provided X400,OOO were giver1 by t he British Go-
vernment to Persia, towarcls liquidating the inclc~nnity duo by l'ersiir
t o Russia : this t he king of Persia confirmed.
!
(13)
On the 17th June, 1809, a t Peshawer. By Ai9ticle 111. tho
Itingof Cnbool, Shah Sl~oojah, \\,as to receive no individual of tlie French
nation into his territories. He was shortly after detilroned, whi cl ~ an-
nrllled t he treaty.
i
A?uZ the Meuns of Defence.
. . .
XI11
CL trcaty wilh liilii to protect Iiidiil froill ail i~ivasioil by t he
Freiicli and l'ersii~~is ! \Yl~ilc the British Governinelit ulerely
ellgi~ged to defend Persia against Eurol~cun enemies, and
~ h ~ h n n i s t n ~ i oiily against one European power !
7. I-Iird the British mitiistry secusetl the advantages to
be expected to result from tlle coninierci:~l and political
treaties with Persia, settled by Sir J. Malcolm ill 1801,
they inight hnve preveiited t he 1Ciiig of Persia, i n 1805,
scekilig tlie alliance of Fri u~ce. Our expedition to Egypt had
beell cronwecl with success, a114 there was no nrar in Indiir.
But n'lleli ill 1809, we obtained the dismissirl of General
Gardunne's Emb:rssy, and induced a Persian Ambassatlor's
being sent; to El ~gl i ri ~d, tlien, at all evenl;s, MTiis the time to
Iiilve secured such a political aiid military :rlli:ulce with
Yersiii, as t o 1l;~ve prevented Russiiul irifluerice s~icceedirlg
t,liat of Fratice. I t must h:rvc beeii foreseen that, if rc~llote
Fr:ulcc could gain an itscendir~icp in Persin, tlie proxi-
mity of 1lussi:r rendered it 1)rob;tble tliat she ~vould exert il
more direct irnd permanent nsceiidnncy i n the councils of
t he Shah.
As observed by Siy J. McNeill, (14) "British repli~ced
the Frencll officers io the arniies of tlie Sliah, and tiruglit
them to combat, on several occasioils wit11 success, tlie
battalions of the Czw." At this periorl too, France was
iunply engaged in Sp:rin and Portugal.
8. I11 1812, Russia wits invaded by France. At this
tillle tllougll we \\?ere much engaged in tlle war in Spi ~i n
iuid Portugal, still ill l l ~t l i a there mils 110 war (15) to have
.L
pr cve~t et l our einbmcing so firvorable nil ol)l)ortui~ity to
strengthen our relatioils ill Persia, irnd prevent Russiail
ii~flucncc ill that conntry.
As thc greatest co~nulercial ilirtioil ill the ~vocld, it nlns to
Iiirve beell expected tllat such pcrmirnent rclittiolis ~\ ~onl d Ili~ve
1 (1.4,) P.CO.
(1.5)
In 1810, the expedition t o tile Mi~l~ritius 11nd ei~ptured tlliit
I i ~ l i ~ n d . In 1811, we beciul~e possessed of Java. British officers were
sent to aecornpltny divisions of tho Russian troops, er~gnged i ~g; ~i a~t
t l ~c Frencll.
1)ccn csti11)lishrd it1 13crsiir as shoul d Iiitve secrrretl to t h e
Britisli n;ltiotl, :t pi ~r i unount comtnc!rciill i nl l ucncc; atid bjr
such means, sotile rccogni sed priticiple of pcrtllirttcnt politicit1
adviuttagc. (16) Bu t t he mittistry of t he da y negl ect ed
nri t i sl i i nt erest s, aud t hose of hcr nnc.ic?~t ally, iuld t l i rew
ljcr on t he l nercp of Rl i ssi a : t hi s mas not t he Ac t of a PV?lig
mitiistry.
I n 1814, a t r eat y was conclutletl bet ween Russi a a t ~ d
l'ersiil, 1)jr nrhich t he l at t er cctled to Russia, all lier acqtiisi-
t i ons Sortth of t he Cirncnsus, irntl cngitged t o mnint,;liii n o
llnvjr 011 t he Ci rspi i ~n ; whi ch now belotigs t o ltussiir : t hi s
we mi ght have yrevetrtetl. B y tlie t reat y of 1535 \sit11
Persia, Russia, est i t bl i sl ~ed t he l i ne of tlie river Ar r a s ( Ar i ~s es )
its licr frontiei* t onl ards Persi a. (17)
9. I11 1633, several l3ri1;ish of i cer s mere s e nt t o Per si a
(18) t o discipline t he l t i ~l g' s t roops. Nitcl Abbils Merxir
lived, Britisli influence nwul t l have ~wwet l t ecl t he mnrcli of
:r Persi an Aririjr t o He r a t it1 1837. Tl l e pr es e~l t Iting of
Persiil, Mitliomcd Shi ~h, el dcst sot i of i l b b l ~s Mc ~ z ~ I , hitviilg
111:irclled t o I-Ierat, tlie Br i t i sh of i cer s it1 hi s servi ce werc
]lot allolved t o accotiipaliy t he t r oops; and shor t l y af t er
ret urned t o Be~i gnl .
Supposiilig t he subsitly of 1814 t o have bee11 cot t t i ~l ued u p
t o t he J'eiLl' 1838, 35,600,000 were p;rid t o Persi a, a n d
tlicre have beell sevcrnl cxpe~i s i ve Ei nbassi es; (19) s o 1;Iiat
ei ght or 11itie ni i l l i o~~s st erl i ng have been pait1 t o our a?hcient
( I 6 )
Our war with Pr:~nce, in Spain ant1 Portugal was to si~pport
ortr commerce, rrntl prevent the estcnsion of Nalloleon's " Conti?~ental
S!y,\t~tt1." N:r11ier sirj~s ([list. Penit~sular \Vnr, Vol. I, p. 3)-
" l l e l~rnhil~ited tire reception of Et~glisli w:ws in any p ~ r t of tlie
continent, imd he ex:lcted from ;rllies and dependants tlie most rigid
compliiince wit11 his orders ; hut this ' Continental System,' as it was
c:~llerl, 1)ec:ime inoperative \\,11en Pr ct ~cl ~ troops were not present t o
enforce his conin~nnds."
( 17)
'l'l~c Persi;~os to have IIO n:ivy on the Caspi;ui.
( I S)
Col. l'i~smore, (the late,) J111jors 'l'trdd and Laugl~ton of t he
I%ong;rl army. l'liey sailed froln C'i~lcutt:i, in Jdy, 1833.
( 10)
Sir 11. Jones I3rytlges s~rys, Sir J. i\Ii~leolru's two tnissiot~s cost
Illore tiltin .L"!(i'2,000 i~lolie !
,In11 //be Means oj' Dcfcnce.
sv
cllly, for n.hic11 no ;~deqri:rtc l)olilical a t i vi ~~l l i ~gc 11;~s bee11
girinetl.
SiT .I. McRTeill st at es (20) t l ~ a l t l ~ c ari t i sl i i ul port s i nt o
l'ersiit t he l ast trvo ye;rrs ar nou~i t ed to l $ millions, and t he
l;tsl; ye;Lr (1837) LO 11eitrly tnro millions. Uut; i t iniglit be
great er. i f we possessed Inore influence in t hat coont ry. (21)
10.
Wh e n Abbas Xlerzir ill 1828, cirncelletl Lhc subsi dy
of 1814, wit11 hi s firtl~er' s cor i s e~~t , s ~ i c h a fact fully provet1
t he hol d ~vl t i cl l Russi a 1i : d obtirined on Persia, rvhich ;I
Inore 1ibcr:~l syst em nliglit havc i ~vert ed. Persi a l~acl a t one
t i me c o ~~s e l l t e d t o receive it Fr ench snbsidiitry force, ant1
ir l3ri1,isll forcc uronld I I O dairbt Iinve been received, a r ~d a t
;I l i ul e nlllen t he i nt egri t y of t he Pe1.sii111 en111ire co~l l rl l ~xve
I ~e e n irsst~red. T11c years 1800 or 1812, ~vniiltl have bee11 t l i e
I ~c s t peri ods for such i l l 1 a r ~ ~ l ~ l g e ~ l ~ e n t , t o have pr eve~~t et l tlic
r xecol i or ~ of t he Russi an :ti13 Persin11 t r ei ~t y of 18146. But
evclr ill t he yciir 18-28 i ml )ort ; u~t service mi ght l ~nve Lee11
afforded t o Persi a; a nd sucli a course rvould rloubtless, hit\-e
re~l t l erei l our e x p e d i t i o ~ ~ illto Affghirnistan iilillecessary.
1 1. Tl ~e f i ~ i l u l ~ of tlie millistry of t he ilbove period t o
i ~ c t with t r ue policy t o~vi l rds Persia, and t he atlvance of a
lirrge Persi an i l nny agai nst I-lerirt i n 1837 (22) imposecl o n
(20) P. 119. IIe \\,rites in 1838. The lilst two yeirrs must meim
IS35 nnd 1336.
(21)
7Ve ]lave not very recently 1e;rrnt nl ~nt the Conlmittee of
Curnmercii~l nre~l in Great Uritiiil~, kc. 111rve effected tonards tlre
estcnsion of tri~tle t o tlrc Xilst, kc.
( 22)
Sir J. NcNeill c ~n~~ou~~c c i l to Lord Pi~ln~orston tllirt i\li~homed
Sl~ah's iirnly consisted of 46,000 men and 80 gulls. l'here were besides
one Il~~ssiiin Regt. and three European uliiccrs escl ~~si ve of tl~ose i r ~ tho
Kussiiln corps, the staff' of the 1iussii111 Envoy, ant1 the Envoy I~irnself
'l'he l'ersinn nrlny dro\ ~e in the garrison outposts at EIeri~t on the
%ncI Nov. 1837. Tllere were two vely Iiurge bre;~cl~es, fol~r snlaller
sized, rind three difficult I)reiicl~es ; but they were not all prnctici~ble
at once. On the 9th Septon~bol., 1835, the siege m;rs ririscd. 'l'l~e regu,
Inr, or pirid nrnly of Ilerirt \V;IR A,000 Inell, 11ut the wl~olc city engilgotl
i r ~ the defence. l' l~ere a.c3ro nl~out 2,000 Ilorse, and tllese rvere
strong cnong11 to prevent tltc l'ersit~ns from foraging. 1111 the guns
(seven) wcro ~noul ~t ed on tlre a'i~lls.
xvi The Iitvasion oJ Ifidin,
tlic Go r e r ~ ~ ~ l i e t ~ t of 1tltli;r tire tteccssity of sending t he ex-
l)e(litiotl illto Atl'gllai~islai~; sillcc t l ~ f;~ll of t he above
fortrrss, ~vor~ltl have c~rusctl tile ~ l l ~ o l c of Alfghanistan t o
1)ecotue n Persian l'rovit~ce ! Treilties hat1 bcerl tried since
t he year 1801, without soccess ; becnusc tre:rties, alone,
were of no ;r~iril. I do not believe t he expedition will cost
:hove one-third of tile llloney expended in Persian tliplo-
niacy.
If then i t were good and s oi ~nd policy, t o prevent tlte
conqi ~est of Affgh:rtlistan, by Persia, the next consideri~tion
was, nlhetlier i t nrt3re better to restore Shirh Shoojah ~ v h o
hat1 been deposcd for 30 years, and thus nrltl to t he measure
an act; of justice; or t o make Dost ?cilnhoinetl Ii hau, an
usurpcis, the head of thc Aifghan nation ?
1 think t he fornier tllensure wils t he inost advisable ant1
1egitim;rte one; as there mould be ii sense of gratitude t o
t he British Government for i t s pi s t liberal asyl~ltll t o it
fallell ~ilonarcli ; ('23) and kingly power IWS preferable t o
t hat of iln uszwpel; whose rule was ~ i o t by the clloicc of t hc
people. To have ~na de Dost Malioinetl the heiid of tlie
it:rtiot~, iund to Ilave fully eifected snch a. measure, we must
hilye ~ l i ~ c e d Ilini in possession of Crrtitlirhar, .cvliich would have
involved a subsitliary force both at Ciriidiiltt~r and Cabool,
equirl to the expcnse of the Sllirll'~ COII tillgetit ; (24) together
nlitli European political officers ;tt both cities ; as is now
tlte case. But we could not have placed tlie s ame co~tli-
dence in Dost Mirhoiiied ; and i t mas of importance t hat
t he lientl of tlle nation slioold not be on unfriendly terms
with Shidl I<amran of Herat. (26)
(?3)
\Vho Ilnd, recpire.cl n pensic~n from onr Government for twen-
ty-four yenrs, 11s ~v e l l :IS his brother Zernan Slrnh, tr blind, and iilso ;r
deposed nionnrah.
(26) 6,000 men. Tl~ough there tire more tllnn 60 Britislr officers
ernployed i n the Sl~nh's service, rnnny must llsve bee11 arnployed i n the
other case. \Vith respect t o the British Regts. now itr the country,
sorne rn~rst have been employed to lrirve nicled Dost Md~orned to estlr-
blish his rule nt Cnndalhar, kc.
( 55)
I<rmran 11id been accessnry to the murrler of Putch Ichnn,
(Vizier of his father, h4nl1mood Shell,) tlre brotlicr OF Dost i\lnlron~ecl,
AM? t he Il'leans of Defence. xvii
12.
Tlie result of tlie expctlitio~i will pro\rc, that the
difficullies of the invasion of Intlia are far greater tliati
have been supposed. The British l\i8u~y ltad the resources
of the country at i t s commi~ncl, or i t never could have re-
placed a great portion of t he 33,000 nnimnls whi cl ~ died, &c.
during t he can~pai gn. (26) This invading arillp froill
Persia could not reckon on. The fricnds of Sh n l Slioojsh
brought cattle to us. Wer e a Persian Aruly now t o invade
Affghanisti~n, the ci~mels, kc. ~voulcl be driven away.
Vrc h;\d two convoys of gr ai l ~ s e ~ t t o onr Army from our
Provinces; but, had we not, through t he Sliah3s possessio~l
of Ci~ilclahar, obtainecl grain from the city (having only two
or three days' supplies on our ; ~rri vi ~l ) and t he co~l i i i ~g crops
of griiin, we must have been starved ! 'The quantity of grain
req~iired for our small army, (27) and t he great nnmber of
cattle required for i t s tritllsport, prove t hat llie feeding ill1
. -.
army, i n a conntry where thc people only gl . 01~ enougll
grain for their ow11 support, is one of great difficulty. IVe
nearly starved tlie inhabitants of Cand;~liar.
13. The greater t he force sent t o invade India, the more
~vonld t he difficulties ~nultiply. Tlie Zmper o~. Baber in
1525 (28) iuvatled Indi a t he 5th, and l ast time, wit11 only
12,000 men, including follo~vers, and defeated Sultan Ibra-
him, at Paneeput, a t t he head of an ar my of, i t is said,
100,000 men ! Bnber had guns, t he Sul t an l i a~l not ; :~ntl
the troops of t h e former were better clisciplined : but with
Asistic arnlies the firs1 success often i ~~s ur ecl a victory, as
in tlle above case, against very srlperior numbers. At
Herilt a Persiali ar ~l l y of 45,000 llieli with 80 gulls besieged
-+-
tllal fortress for iieiwly 14 nionths, against a gnrrison of
8,000 men. Arnpolcou seems to have t l l ouyl ~t 60,000 lnen
necessary.
He fi~iled in Egjlpt 114th 40,000 men.
which cnuscd n dcndly feud.
\Vliile Shall Slloojirll is I'hmrnn's uncle,
and is on frienrlly terms with his ncplierr..
(26)
See 'I'rrble, Nu. 8, Appe~ldis.
(27)
See Tilblc, No. 6, Appendix.
(28)
Ersliine's tr;~nslation, pp. 293 to 30L
sviii The Gzvnsion of l ~zdi a,
S i y J. ilfcNeill supposes the Pcrsians to nttempt tlle i ~ ~ v a -
sion wit11 a larger force still. (20)
Thc cavalry portiori of an invading aml y nlo~ild prove
t he most uncert si ~i of reaching Ii~clia, as every cavalry
soldier requires for himself and horse six or sevcli timcs as
innch grain as tlie infnnt1.y soldier. (SO) I say grain, for
t he slieep s~7o11ldY irs well as t he cattle of t he country, be
driven out of reach. Th e British Govcrn~nent conld collect
011 the Indus n ~nucl l larger force thau t he i~ivndiiig one
could bring to it, a coi l si der~bl e portioii of which wo111d be
Enropean Inftlntry. Thc native regiments ill t he Com-
piu~y' s army, with Eoropeaii oficers, ;ire soperior to any
(29)
I-Ie says, p. 120, "50,000 Persiiu~ 1nf;111try, cornposed of what
ar e perl~aps the finest mnterii~ls in tlie lr~orltl for service in those coun-
tries, and disciplined I)y 12iissinn officers, with about 60 guns of Per-
siirn artillery, in a high st at e of efficiency, and all almost unl i ~ni t ed
nram\)er of irregular Irorse, cor~l d be put in motion by Itussin, in any
clircction, within 12 n ~ o r ~ t l ~ s iifter the resources of t he ltingdo~n wcro
at her dis1)osi~l."
T l ~ e lirte Lieut.-Col. BIircdonnld in liis geogmpl~ical memoir on Per-
sia, (1513) p. 32, st:ites, t hat the Persi;bn stantling ilrnly consisted of
tlre Iting'sIiocly Guarcl of about 10,000 Inen, and t he Gl ~ol a~ns (or royiil
slirves) at 3,000. The former were ii 1ci11cl of militiii wi~o lived in the
cnpitiil or its vicinil).. ?'lit l at t er ill cor~sti~rrt i1ttend:ince or1 t he
Iting. Thnt it \rras tlrc numl ~er imd I~riivery of the wi~ndering tri1)es
l vl ~i cl ~ constituted t he n~i l i t : ~r y force of t he empire. 'I'l~irt when
t he sovercisrl R;IS tlesirous of nsscml~ling ally iirnly, the chiefs of t he
differcut tribes were con~rrl~intled to send to the royiil carrlp :I I I I I ~ I -
her of men, proportion:~te to tho power iintl sti.engt11 of liis trihe.
Th e mmy tlrus iissenibletl was entirely irregulirr, cl~iefly co~rsi st i r~g
of ~~Vi111.y. 'l'liey scldom received either clothing or pay, nntl were
or~l y Itopt together by t l ~ c hope of plunder. 'l'he late king ( F~r t e h
Ali Sl~iih) as an extreme mensnre, rr~iglit probably l ~ a r s been iible to
collect a force of la50,000, or 200,000 men.
l' o t he cavalry, nl~iclr was escellrnt, the rr~lcrs of Persia entrusted
the defence of their tlon~inions. Thei r arrns were, ir sci~netar, n bmce
of pistols, a carbine, iir~tl sometimes a lance or n bow and iirrows, :ill of
wliicli they alternately nsecl, nt fr~l l spced, with the lrtnlost slcill an11
deskerity. I l e states the revenrro of Persia in 1913 irt t l ~ r e ~ niilliorrs
sterling. It is now sirid to be iibout one and half million, so tlrilt Persiir
is a 1)oor nation.
(30)
Sec Table, No. 6, Appendis.
troops i n Asia, E~l ropean esccpted. Tlic nrtillcry of 1lldi;r
is cqual to any ill tlie world perhaps, 21s tlie guns are cliicfly
manned by Europeans, and me could prorlnce on the Indus,
three tiilles the number of glins ally invading forcc could
transport t o the banks of that river,
14. Sir J. McNcill (31) says, '< thc invasioil of India
by Russia from her present frontier is iinpracticablc ; or at
least beyond all probability from tlie facility with ~vliicli \vc
could multiply impcdimeiits on so long and difficult a line,
and our powel' to throw troops into India by sea, in a
shorter time than Russia could mai+ch t l i e~n by land,-
poss~sssed of Herat, there will no longer be any i~isi~per:rble
inlpetliment to the i ~i vasi o~l of India." (32) Her i ~t is alorie
370 miles from Candahw. If t he reader will pcruse with
attention, the nature of tllc routc f1.0111 Sl~iliarpoor to Canda-
liar, he will perceive t hat owing t o t he want of forage, me
\\?ere obliged to lllove our small army by se1);trat.e colualns,
:u1d i r t ti~ucs, by snlall debchment s ! If he will also read
the account of the retilrn of I-Id. Qrs. with less than 1,500
Inen, Ile will see t hat we were obliged to lllarcll in two
separate coliimns, and that besides the cattle of officers and
others, t he Government lost 1300 out of 3,100 camels, 011
the illarc11 between Cabool arld Peshawer, a distance of only
193 n~iles. Hi s opinion will, therefore, be confirniecl irs to
tlie utter impracticability of a laryc invading ariny reaching
Indi a; and I need iiot insist on t he inutility of a snzall
force. The other routes are now I believe, pretty well linomn,
and offer many obstacles t o an invading i\i.lny.
15. Wlien Baber invaded India in 1585, he lvtrs in
.
possession of the intervening countries, so that me mill
suppose in the view talcen by Sir Dc Lacy Evans (33) ;a
(31) P. 120.
(32)
I-Je says, elsewhere, that on his arrivnl at Herat 11e was
convinced (having bef0l.e doubted tho fact) that between it and C:im-
cl;~har, there ~vould be 110 dific~ilty in procrrring sopplies. Uut from
an ;recount 1 havc seen of tlic route, there are more difficulties than
lnnny suppose, ant1 great \\,illlt of forage and supplies for nn arniy.
(33) Tllo practicability of the invasion of India, pp. 94 and 95.
st ar t t o be unndc from ICl~iva. (34) FIe ;tllo\vs of twcr
cal l ~l )ai g~l s froill l C/ ~i ~; n, Bokl~nra, iuld Sal ~znr cond t o t l ~ e
A/loll. I-Ie says ': L e t 11ssuppose, thiit cnrly i n tlie followiilg
gear tltere ace 1 0 or 15,000 Russiiins, will1 20 o r 30,000
nc7u(y ool:qa?~ised l ~ o o p s , nsscolbled bet wce~l U;lllih and t he
nllcielit Andevab a t Lllc foot of the mounti\in ; smal l er co-
]umils bei ng di rect ed tojrrnrds t hc Passes leiidiug t o Pe-
s hn~ver iuicl Cashi necr. (35)
" Froill Anclcrnb, t l l r ougl ~ t he dcfiles of t he I-Iindoo I<oosh
t o C ; I \ ~ J ~ , i s 1 0 0 ~ni l cs. (36) Proin Cabool t o At t ok is
abont 230 (37) wi l es.
It i s stnlnge if t hey cal l not accoln-
plish t hi s witliin t h e second compaigit."
-1
But, as t her e ~ ~ r o u l d be some little t o be dolie in Aflghcln-.
i s t n ~ ~ , and i n t h e Punjab, before they rcaclieci our frontier, .
illld ;L st r ong onc t oo, \vc \\rill ciilI t he wllole, t he operatio11
:,
of t hree campai gns. I n the mcanwhilc thilt t ~dni i rnbl c i
plnn of tlie coi nmand of t h e na\lig;~tioa of t he I n d u s woultl,
by t h e aid of st eamers, t hrow Enropeit11 t roops i nt o Iudia,
iuld, mi \ ki ~i g cert ai n i \ l l o ~ a t l ~ e ~ far losses i n t he invading
;triily, wc coul d presenl it larger art ny of f r esh t roops :
~vhi l c our l ~l a11 1~o11ld be, to Ilitrilss t he enemy by ligIlt
dcti~chniellts, a t cert ai n poi nt s ; t o cut off st orcs and bag-
.
gage ; atltl t o dri ve off iill t he ineans of suppl i es ; whi l e the
Pzcnjab woilld offer ni any obstacles t o t he progress of nil
iilvntliilg forcc. (38)
(s4) Consult the Mi~p.
(35) 1 beg 11in1 to read the invasion of Ci~shi~lcrr in IS09.
(36)
It was in cominencing this march that Alo.mn&~. causecl tile
1,rivato bnggngc of llln arrily to be I)urnt, tlie soldicrs being ovol.loade,'
with booty, nccolsding t o Plutni-cli."
(37) 238 miles.
(39)
The possession of India by Russia, as observed by n writer
at Ponclicherrp, in 1838, would be of no conlnlcrcial advantage, wl~ile
Great Britaill kept possession of the sea. Sir J. 3lcNeil has, also,
pointed out, that Civc(~-sain and Gwrgin would be the first sacrifices or]
t l ~e aclrance of Rllssin beyond her frontier with n 1nl.g.e force. I t is
clear-that the Navy of Great ~r i t a i h ~vo~ild ruin the conlmerco of
Itussia; aarl that such n result mould cnuso a revolution i n tllat
kingdom.
A d Ihc Means of Defence.
xs i
16.
Looking a t t he result of tlie espedi ~i ol l ill ;ill its
benrings, I think t he operatioils have been nttelrtlcd with bi:-
nefici:il consequei~ces. I have in nly XVI I t h Chxpt cr gi vr ~~
t he FIistory OF tlie 'C Doornnee Enlpil-e" fro111 its fou~itlatio~i
(1747) to the pr ese~i t period ; nlrtl ~ v l ~ i l e i t s distrnctctl state,
For 30 years, will prove the i i i l pr n~t i cnbi l i t ~ of the rcgencrn-
tion of t he country under Dost h' I:~l~omctl Khan, t l ~c good
effect 1v11ich llas nlrenrly flowed fro111 tlie oper;*tic)as of thc
Cc Ar~l l y of tlie Inclus," by the restoratiori of ;L king1:ly Go-
ver~rmeiil;, with every prospect of t he re-est al )l i sl ~i ~~c~rt of
tranquillity and prosperity in AFgha ni s t a ~~ ; ci u~not fail to
render t l ~a t liingdom, a real and efi ci ent barrier against
t he iiivasion of I ndi a ; for while i t remainerl i n ml uiisettlcd
state, with n plundering and rl i scont e~~t ed pop~~l : ~t i on, it
Ivas desirable to rcinore the cnnse : unless, inrleed, i t bc
argued that i t were a mattel. of i~rdilf' crencc ~vhetlier Dost
Mnllomeil possessed he country ; or t ha t i t shonlrl becorne
a Persian Provi ~l ce. But, iri n com~llercinl point of vicm,
the regeneration of our norl;hmest fronticr, is of the very
first importance ; nncl the constant i nt ercourse bct\recn uu
;rnd the inhabitants of those conntries, cannot fail, ere long,
to coIlvi~ice t he people, t hat tlie change has, i n cvcry point
of view, been for their benefit.
ACICNOWLEDGMENTS TO CONTRIBUTORS.
Sensible of llie grcnt ndvn~itnycs ml~icli the present 11r0rli
possesses by tl~c' contributions of nl;rny fricnds, I tirlic this
opl)ortuaiLy of t et ~i r ~i i ~i g illy best tlinnbs for the kind aitl
:~lfortlcd nic i n tlie progress of t he preparation of this volume ;
~vliicli is designed to be n record of our operations.
To Lieut. A. M. Beclier, Gl st Beiigal N. I. and D. A.
Qr. Mr. Genl., for ;i no st valuable Map, tracing thc routes
of llie Anny.
To Licut. 11. T. Coombe, 1 s t Bengal European Regt., for
t l ~e views of C;undaliar, Qhuznee, and Cnbool.
To Licut.-Col. Sir C. M. Wlrde, Icnt. C. B. Resident at
Indore, for n~nterials for tlie colltilluation of the Dooranee
Dynasty fro111 1809, &c.
To Jns. Atlrinsoii, Esq. Snptg. Surgeon, Bengal Coluniii,
Army of t he Indus, for i L return of tlie adinissions and
dcntlis in I-Iospitnl, for the year 1839.
To Lieut.-Col. T. Monteath, C. 13. 35th Bengnl N. I. for
;I retuni of tlle sick in liis 1Eegt. a t Cilb001.
To Mn,jor P. Craigie, D. A. G., Beiigal army, for ii re-
tun1 of cnsni~ltics iii tlie Bcngnl Col1111111, for IS39 ; and for
ilcress to tbc Genl. Orders of tlie Army.
To 3Ii1jor Si~ge, 48th Bcllgiil N. I. late Post Maslcr,
Bc~~ignl Coluuin, for tlie llcgister of the Thurii~ometer for llie
year 1839 ; iuid also, for access t o his Joul.iinl of tlie r o ~~t e ,
which I have niatle use of on illiLIiY O C C ~ I S ~ O ~ ~ S .
'Po Dr. Sirs. Tlionisoli, 31st Bengnl N. I. for the Register
of the Tlleriilonieter at Q~l et t i ~.
To Dr. Geo. Griffitl~s, RIitdras Army, for a copy of his
I3aromctrical Ilciglits.
To Ci~pt. A. Watt, A. C. G. Bengal, for the retr~rll of
it nioii~h's supply for Lhe Army, &c, kc.
xxiv Acknowledgments to Contributors.
To Cill)t. E. F. D;ly, ]ale Co~llniissary of Or(lllancc, for
' t he retun1 of ordnance, ordaauce stores, &c. talcen with
tlie Bengal Colninn.
To Licut.-Col. N. Campbell, Qr. Mr. Genl. Bombay
Ar ~ i ~ y , for the routes of t he Bon~bay Colualn.
To Licut.-Col. Si r A. Burnes, Icnt., (Bombay Establisl1-
i i i e ~~t ) for iiif0r~i1atioi1 011 several subjects.
To tlie several officers who have afforded the ~et uri i s of
tlic loss of cattle, Rc. &c.
The nlorlis of Sir A. Burnes, Dr. Jas. Bunies, I<. H., and
Mrtjor J'as. Outrani ; M i ~ j ~ r Leech and Dr. Lord's Reports,
1i;lvc. been of grezlt service t o me.
Thosc of Sir John McNeill, Sir De Lacy Evnns, and
other rrutliors referred to in the course of the worlr, I duly
nckiiolvlcclge: wliile t he writiuys of the for~ner, froin liis
~er s oi i nl cspericnce nt the Cot l l *~ of Persia, for many years,
irrc of pnrnmount ilnportn~lce ill regard to tlie position of
l'ersia with reference to Russia.
I deem il ii dut y t o i l cl ~no~~~l ecl ge tlie above obligations,
;uld I have always ~rlarle it a rnle to show the sources from
.rvllicll I drirw lily nl i ~t eri al s; by which 1 rciider justice
LO the irutliol.~, and iidd n value to the work, by the aid
of so many nutliorities, which it, otherwise, \11ould not
l~ossess.-W. 13.
DETAILS OF TI-IE AIt MP OF TI-IE I NDUS; AND
ITS RESERVES.
11. E. Lieat.-Gci~l. Sir Johii (now Lord) I<c;lllc, ( I )
I<. C. B., nild G. C. 13.
Comr.-i~l-Cliief, BollibiIy Arnly.
Cornr.-in-Chief of the Army of tlie Indus.
Lieut.-Col. R. Mi ~~dol ~i t l d, I<. I-I., 11. M. 4111 k'oot,
(D, A. G. Q. T. Bombi~y) OH'g. Mily. Seey. i~lld A. D. C.
Lieut. E. A. IV. I<e;u~e, 11. 31. 211d Foot, A. D. C.
Cirl't. (no\v hInjoi") Outrani, 23rd Bo~irb;rj~ N. I. Ext1.n I.
A. D. C.
Cnpt. T. S. Polvell, H. M. 40th Foot, Persia11 Iiiterpreter
~11~1 Xxtra, A. D. C.
Asst, Surgeoil B. P. Roobe; Snrgeon.
General Slctf of Iho Belzyal Column.
M: ~j orP. Craigie, D. A. G.
Major W. G;rrden, D. Q. M. G.
Cnpt. Qeo. l'lio~nson, Cliief Errgk~eer. (2)
h'lajor J. D. Pirrsoiis, Dy. Comilry. Genl. (3)
Capt. J. Pirttoll, A. Q. M. G. (4)
Ciil~t. A. Walt, D. A. C. G. (5)
(1)
Gcnl. (tlicli~te) Sir I-I. Fim, G. C. B, Conir.-in-Cl~iuf jn India,
was appointed Con~r.-in-Chief to tlie Amy, but on tlte rctluction of the
Force, gave 1111 the comi1i:lncl to i\Injor-Cicnl. Sir \ V. Cotton, ~vl i o ro-
teined it till Sir J. ICenne joined on the 6th April, 1830.
(4)
Ancl of the Army of tlie Indi ~s.
(3)
And General control of tlie 13elip;t~l nnd I3on1bnp Dopts.
(4)
I\'l;ljor Mr. Sago, 48111 N. I. officintecl till 110 joitiecl.
( 6 )
Rcliovcd C;lpt. I-I, R, Osborn, A. C. G. who tvi~s sick.
xxvi Detuils of the AYUZIJ of tlre Indus.
J. Atkinsou, Esq. Supt g. S~~r g c o n . (6)
Surgeon R. M. M. Thornson, Ficld Snrgeon.
Asst, S11rgcon 34. J. M. Itoss, H. M. 16tli Lancel-s, Mcdi-
cnl Store-lteeper.
Ci ~pt . B. Bygrave, 5t h N. I., Pay Master.
Ctlpt. E. B. Day, Arty., Commissary of Ordaance.
Rev. A. Haolmond, A. B., Chnplnin.
Bt. Maj or W. Mougll, 48th N. I., D. J. A. G. Dinapore
and Benares Divisions, (7) D. J. A. G.
Bt. Maj or W. Sage, 4Sth, N. I. Executive Of i cer Dina-
pore Division, Post Master. (7)
Capt. C. Troup, 48th N. I. Baggage Master. (8)
Lieut. J. Anderson, Engineers, Snrveyor.
Lieut. H. M. Durnnd, Engrs. ditto.
Lieut. J. Laugliton, ditto, Field Eogineer. (9)
Lieut. R. D. Kay, Adjt. 2nd N. I., Offg. A. A. G.
Lieut. A. M. Becher, Cilst N. I., D. A. Q. M. G.
Cornet W. P. Tytler, 9t h Lt , Cavy., Offg, ditto.
Lieut. G. Nembolt, S. A. C. G.
Lieut. G. B. lteddie, ditto.
Lier-ct. R. S . Simpson, ditto.
(6) Relieved Dr. l'leyfirir w11o was sick. Surgeon Jas. Tl~omsorl,
2nd Lt. Cavy. officir~ted till relieved.
(7)
0. 0. G. G. i n C. Slst Aug. 1039. " Their full stnff salary,
provided that other officers are not appointed to offici;~te for tllc~n, and
that they hold no stnff situation in the Army ~vitll which they arc serv-
ing. In cnscs where other officers may be employed to oficiiite, tlu~*ir~g
the nbsence of stntiofficers (as abovc) n moiety of tlleil. staft' snliiry
will be drawn by the nbsentces, and the otller moiety by the officiating
officers." Stnff officers whose Regts. mcre ordered or1 this service had
notice of the fnct ; and with one or two erceptiurls they nll joined.
(8)
Succeecled by Cnpt. J. hT1rs11, 43rd N. I.
(9)
Appointocl Garrison Engineer at Bultltur.
Details of the A~my of the Indus. xxvii
Caval~.y 13~i gude of dire Bengal Colunzn.
ArL'iZler~ of the Bengal Colzcmn.
Divisiot~nl Staff. ( Brigade Staff. I Corps. 1Commg. Officers.
Commg. Officers.
---
Lt . Col. A. Duf-
fi n. Lt. (I3;) V. Persse.
(14)
Lt . C. C. Sniyth.
--
L)i\*isional Staff.
----
il'lnjor Genl. J.
' ~ a c v , I<.
H. Conlg.
Cavy. of the Ar-
my.
(10)
Sncceeded by Cnpt. Bere, 16th Li~ncers, at Cnbool.
(11)
Di t t o by Licr1t.-Col. Pelesse, on Drigr. A.'s death.
(12) Ditto Cy ~ t . F. \Frltelor, 2nd Lt. Cavy.
(13) On his deirL11, R1;ljor Pitzgarirld commanded, till RInjor Salter
-
joinecl.
( I d*) Succeeded by hliljor illcDowelI, iind then by Mnjor Cureton.
( I t ) hI ~~j or Angelo con~tniludecl till he joined.
(16) Urigr. Gr:ili:~n~ was nypointed Brigr. but Brigr. Stevenson, Uom-
Mz~jor Cureton
(10) lGth Lnn-
cers, A. A. G,
Lt. Roclle, 311
L. I),, A. D. C.
Lt. Crispan, %I
Lt. Cnvdry, Do.
Brigilde Stilff.
-------
Col. Arnold ( 1 1)
H. M, 1 Gth Li~n-
thacers,I3rigr.
1.t. P;lttinson,
lGl11 Lancers, A.
Brigr. Steven-
son, Bombay Ar-
tillery.
bay Arty., being senior, comnlnnded the whole of the Artillery, ant1
Major Pew the Bengiil Arty. Brigr. G did not go.
Corps.
2nd Regt. Lt
Cirvy.
H. h1.k 16th
Liincers.
3rd Regt. Lt .
D. C.
Bt. Cnpt. llave-
loclc, (1'2) 1-1. bI.
1Gtl1 Lancers, M.
n.
Bt . RIi~jor l.I:~y,
2d Lt. Cavy. A.
Q. &I. Genl.
Lt. Retldie, S.
A. C. '2.
Capt. C. Grant.
Capt. Gnrbett.
Capt. A, Ab-
bott.
Pul~jor Pew (l6)l 2nd Troup,Znd
Bt . Cnpt. Back-'Brigade I-I. A.
Ilouse, M. B. 1 4th Co. 2nd
ner's 1st Loci11
Horse.
Not nttacl~eci
to the l3rigi1de.
1
Cnpt. E. I?. Dny
Comrny. of Ord-
nance.
Lt . Newbolt, S,
A. C. G.
Bn. Arty.
2nd Co. Gtl~
BII. Cnnlel bat-
teryJ
J t f u n h y Division, Eengnl Column.
-
Cal't. Polwl~elc,
42ncl N. I. h.1. D.
d l th Ilrrgnde.
Lt.-Col. Robcrts, 35111 Regt. N. I. Lt.-Col. &Ion-
Eurn. Regt. Llrigr. tenth.
Lt. Gcrruril,Enr~~. 1st Eurn, Rcgt. Lt.-Col. Or-
Rugt. I\. D. C. clrard, C. B.
Cnpt. Tuylcr,Eurlr. 37th Rcgt. N. I. Lt.-Col. Ilerriag,
Rrgt. M. U. C. B.
Two Cos. Sap- Capt. Snndora.
oers snd Milrers. Engrs. nod
Lieuts. J . L. D.
Stnrt.
N. C. Mncleod.
It . Pigou.
J. S. Drondfoot.
Dr. I?. C. 11~1~-
dersou.
Commg. Officers.
. - -
ilfi~j. nltlcLnre11.
Lt.-Co1.De11nie.
(19)
L1.-Col.Wl~eoler.
1311gineer.
Copt. A , Walt,
U, A. C. G .
(17)
Commancled tlre Be~r gnl Column till Sir J. Iceane joined ; :ind
t hon R1i1j.-GeiiI. Not t commiuided tho tlivision.
(18)
i\I;~j.-Gerlls. Coing. ~l i vi s i o~i s 11i1(1 a 2nd A. D. C., and Brig1.s.
one A. U. C.
(19)
<:ommnntletl t he 2nd Brigade, when C-enl. No t t co~nmni i dc(l
t ho divisio~l, vlrcri BInjor 'Tronsori comninuded t he Regt.
(0-0)
i'Iirjor \Vest011 (on t ho Lieut,.Col.'s d e c ~ t l ~ ) who con~mandecl it
i ~ t t he st orrni ~i g of Klrclnt.
Corps.
--
I(i111 Regt. N. I.
11. M.'a 13th Lt .
111t'y.
48th Regt. N. I.
U~visionnl Sten'.
---
K;ljor Genl. Sir
\Ir. CoLton, I<. C.
U. a1111 I<. C. H.
(17)
Ca])t. W. Cotton,
44th I'oot, A, D. C.
Cnl~t. I - l ~ ~ ~ l o ~ l i ,
1.1. fi1. 13tl1 Lt. 111-
f ~~nt r y, A. D. C.(18)
Brignde Stuff.
- - -
1st nriyntle
1 . I . .
11. PI. 1:$tl1 Lt. I n -
filntry, Brigr.
Lt. Wootl, 1-1. n'l.
I:3tlr Lt. 11lfy. A.
D. C.
Ut. Mirj. Squires,
[I. &,I. IYtll Lt. 111-
--
2nd llviyarlc.
R.luj.-Gcnl. Nott,
(I!)) 13rigadie r.
Lt. Flun~rncrsly,
41st N. I. A. D. C.
1. I
Capt. J.D. Doug-
lus, 5Yr1l N. 1. A.
A. G.
Cnpt. J. P~rtton,(.l)
A. Q. M. G.
Lt. LUI I ~I I ton, Fd.
fnr~try R.1. Ii.
Lt . Si~npson, S.
A. C. a.
42nd Regt. N. I.
31st Itctgt. N. 1.
Rlirj. Clarkaon.
Lt.-Col. J.'l'homp-
son. (20)
( i nl &. ?EL. N. I. LL.-Col. Slncr.
Details of tlie A ~ m 4 of !lie I~zdus. xsix
The Bot t ~bi ~y Column Arlily of tlie Indus. Mi~jor-Gclil.
Willsliirc, C. 13. Conimwlding tlie 21id Divisioil of tlie
Aril!jr.
Major I(eit.11, D. A. G.
Capt. I-Ing;~rt, A. A. G.
l\ili~jor N. Ciunphell, Actg. Qr. Mr. C;clil.
Lieut. J. R:ulis;ty, D. A. Q. M. Ci.
C;~pt. A. C. Peat, Chief Engiilccr.
- 1). Davitison, scnior A. C. G.
- Stocklcy, S. A. c. G.
Lieut. Thrcsllic., rlitto.
-- Wnrdell, Xctg. ditto,
-- IIogg, S. A. C. G. cllnrge of bi~zi~rs.
Capt. Swi~nuon, Pay Master.
- Warden, Commy. Ordunnce.
- Bulliley, D. J. A. G.
Lieut. Jephson, Post Master.
-- North, Field Engineer.
-- Mnrriott, ditto.
K. 13. ICeiinedy, Esq. Suptg. Surgeon,
Surgeolt Pinlzey, Field Surgeon.
Asst. do. Don, Medical Storelteeper.
Rev. G. Pigott, C1inpl;~in.
Ensn. Malcolm, Bi ~ggage Master.
. -
Cavalry B~i gude, B o m b a y Colzc~nn.
" 7
L)ivisionnl Stuff. 1 Brigude Stuti. 1 Coln~ng. O1lical.s.
- - - - - - - - I Corps.
IL. D., A. i). C. 1 lwitll, Brigr.
R'lujor Genernl
Tl~nckwell, I<. H.
I
Poonn Locnl I-Iorse, Rlujor D. Cun.
(unotlnclietl.) ~ ~ i n g h a ~ n c .
Lt.-Cot. J. Scott,
[I. M. 4th L. D.
Lt. Cumlibell, 4t h
Wing 14. 31. 4111
L. D.
1st Lt. Cavalry.
Rllrjor Duly.
Lieut.-Col. Sund.
XXX Details qf the A Y ~ P ~ of f he I~zdus.
A~t i l l el - ?~ qqf tlbe Bovz6ny Colzrmn.
I
Division01 Stnff.
----. ---
Co1.1). 1 Coin~ng. Ofirers. I)rig~itle Stuff.
Lt.-Col. Stevensou,
Brigndier.
Lieut. IVoosnnrn, A.
--
3rd Troop, PI. A.
.It11 I>ilto clitto.
IIorse Fieltl Unt-
tcry ditto.
I?;fu./rls.?j qf'dl~e Bombay Colu~nn.
Ci111t Cogl~liiu, lbI.13.
I D:c.
--
Copt, 3Inrtin.
,, Cotgrnve.
,, Lloytl.
,, Pontci~.dcnt.
-
Divisionnl ShN.
----
R,Injor Genei.al I\'ill-
sl ~i rc, C. B. COI I I ~.
2nd Division, iir
my of Indus.
Cnpt. Robinson, 2nd
Queen's, A. D. C .
Lt. I-lnlliett, do. do.
-
Brignde Staff.
----
Col. Unu~ngardt, 2nd
Quccn's Brigr.
(21)
C:~pt. Kersbnm, H.
N.'s l:4tl1 Lt. Infy.
A. D. C.
Cupt. I\'yllie, 2l st
-- Regt. -- N. 1. 31. n.
Shnlh Slhoojah- 002-~IlooEk's l i b ~ ~ .
COI~PS.
---
1.1. M.' s 211tl Q.'s
Royals. (22)
1-1. M.'s lit11 foot.
(23)
191h Regt., N. I.
(24)
Suppers & miners.
Divisional Stnff.
-
Commg. OWccrs,
---
;\Injor Cnrratliers.
Lt.-Col. Crolcer.
Lt..Col. Stalker.
Lt.IITemyss Engrs.
(21) Al)pointed Urigr. ;it C;mdnl~nr.
(22)
Bel or ~gcd t o t h e 1st Sri3qrle.
(23)
Di t t o t o t he 2nd Brigade.
(41) Di t t o di t t o.
(95) Succeetleil by Brigis. Roberts.
(BG) n i l t o by Cnpt. 'l'rou),, 4,st)l N. 1.
(x) )apt. Griffin, 2.bth N. I . i n comn~nnd.
(28) T h e Slinh's Cont i ngent )ins two t roops of Hor s e Artillery;
Drignde Stuff.
----------
M~ ~ j o r Gcucral F. I-I.
Simlimo", Corng.
(25)
Cupt. Griffin, 24tl1
. I , A . C.
Cnpt. &IcSl1errg,:3Otl1
N. I., 31. B. (21;)
Corps.
IIorse A7.t~.
1st Troop.
2ud Ditlo.
1st Kegt. Cavy.
2nd Ditto.
1st Regt. Infy.
Coinmg. Oficcrs.
Cnpt. W. Ander-
sou, Bengal 1-1.
A. Comg.
Lt. Cooper, ditto.
Lt. Turner, ditto.
Copt. Cliristie, 3rd
Uengnl Cavy.
Cnpt. W. Ander-
son, 59111 Deugal
N. I.
Cal)t. Benn, (27)
23rd LlengnIN. 1.
I?nd Ditto.
3rd Ditto.
111iLt. Infy. Regt.
5th Regt. Iufy.
-
Copt. Macan, lGt11
N. I.
Cal)t. Craigic, 20t11
N. 1.
Cnpt. I-Iny, 1st
lturopean Regt.
Cnyt. Wootiborn,
'19th N. I. (28)
BetniL of tide Arm2 oftlie Indus. xxxi
Sltuhzadc~ l'intoor's libyce, andel. Lieut.-Colonel Wade. Licz~t.
J. D. Gibnninyhnm, Benyal Engineers, Mily. Secy. ancl Poli-
licnl Assistctnt.
Avlil1wy.-Two 24-Prs. Rowitzers niid txvo G-Prs. (and
20 Swivels), uiidei* Lieut. Maule, Bengal Artillery, 4
Golundaxe , .................................. 40
B~ilish. -2 Co.'s 20th (Capt. Ferris) and 2 Co.'s 2 1st
.......................... N. I. (Capt. Farmer), 380
C U ~ U ~ . ~ . - M ~ ~ ~ I ~ I C ( I ~ ~ I ~ S armed with swords, shields nritl
................ m;rtc1~locks 400--irregul;1rs 600, 1,000
Juzznilcliees (rifles), 320. InJ'ant~y (111i~tchlocli~). Re-
gulars 3 Bils. (653)-2,040. Irregulars 830, (29). . 3, I80
Affghirns , ...................................... 100
Pio11eei.s , ...................................... 200
Total,. . 4,840
British officers with tliese troops and commanding parties,
Lieut. 1 ' . Mnclieson, 14t h ; (30) Lieut, Rattray, 20th ; Lieut. J.
G. Caolfield, Gtlth ; Lieat. Hi l l cr sde~~, 53rd ljcngal N. I., ant1
Dr . Lord (31) Roinbay establishnie~it, Dr. Alexander Reid,
Berignl establish men t, in inedical charge.
nncl since the nrrivnl a t Cnbool, Garrison Artillery l ~ n s been forrncd at
Ohnznee with a mollntriri Train of 12 3-Pra. There are nlso, Affghnn
:rnd Ii ol ~i st en levies amollnting to about 4,000 men, princi~)ally horse.
2 Local corps of I n f ~n t r y besides the Icing's gunrds; all commanded
by British officers. So tl~rrt t he Shah's own force nmounts t o about
13,000 men; uvl~ile, including t he British force, (H. A I . 13th Lt. Infy.
- .
and 1st Bengnl Eurn. Regt., 2nd Regt. Lt . Cnvy., the 2nc1, lGth, 35t11,37th,
4%d, 43rtl nncl4Ostl1 N. I.. the 44,11 Co. 3rd B11.Arty. (Eurol~enn), 4th troop,
3rd Brigade H. A,, nnd t he cnn~el birttery (niitivee) ; t l ~er e is ;tn org:r-
nired force in Affgbanistan, of 20,000 men, with bet\reen 70 ilnd 80 guns
including tho mountnin t rt ~i n, formi l ~g ir n ~ o c l ~ l i ~rger, regnlirl; nrrd
tluperior force both ;rt Crmdt~llar and Cnbool, t l ~ i ~ n in t he ti1110 of Dost
n~~r l ~onl ed.
(09) Untler native Commnndnnts.
(30) Politics1 Assistant.
(31)
ni t l o to J ~i cut -C'ol. IVadc.
xxxii Details of the A~nzy of the Itbdiu.
The Sikh Continge7zt noitr'r the Sha,'lzcidu7s Force, unde ~ Colo-
nel Shnikh Bussawun.
Numtevs.
Art i l l er~. 1 I-Iowitzer and 1 Mortar (French Legion).
T-Jorse Artillery guns (8-6-Prs. and 3-9-Prs.) 10, 13
-
Artillery men, .................................. 100
Regu l a ~s .
Cavalry.--1 Squadron of Cavalry (French Legion) half
Lancers and half Dragoons, .................... 17.1:
Infunt7yb--1 Battn. of 5 Cos., .............. 603
2 Battns. (539 and 522), ........ 1,051
2 Cos. Poorubees, (I-lindustali~ees,) 31 5
1,868
Jrrtguln?.~.
Cnvn1ry.-Missildnrs (feudatories) Moosulmnns, .... 593 .
.... I?finlry.-2 Bns. Nlijeebs (820 t r ~d 455), 1,275
1 Corps of Hill Rangers, Rt~jpoot, and Moo-
sirlmi~ns, from hills N. of Sutlr~j, 1,000
1 Birtto. of Rnnlgoles (32), ........ 686
Pioneers, or Beldars, ............ 50
- 3,001
-
Total,. . 6,046
To Lnl.
Guns, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
............ Cavalvy, (Rcgular 174-Irregular 1393,) 1,067
Itzj5a?ttry, (Ditto 1868-Ditto 2,961,). ............. 4,839
Artillerymen, .................................. 100
...................................... l'ioneers , 50
Total,. . 6,046
(38) Aligoles itre i\Ioosulman solrlicrs. 'Tllc Sikhs (or Hindoos)
c:~l l them Rsmgoles.
Details oJ' tl~e As.t)i?g of the Itidus,
sxxiii
Lieu/.- Col. FVude's Fo~cc.
Auerugc stretzgtlb oj' Corps, 4c. of t he Begbgnl atzd Bombay
Coli'o2.llgrzns wluici~ marched into AJ'gliunistu~z.
Bcngnl Columtc. No. Bo~nbny Coh~t ~i ~z .
I'ark-Alortnrs, 8 inch, . . . . . . . . . . 2 'The Pnrlc not b r o ~ ~ g l ~ t on t o
64 ............... 2 Cantlirllnr.
1-Iowitzers, 24-Prs. ........ 1
--__.---
Sl ~al ~zada Tinloor's Force, (.d,7dO) ...............
Siltli Contingent, (6,l.w) ...........................
, .
l ot al , . ..
Tot111, ...
12 do. ..........
GU~IS, 18-PCS. (33) .... '1'
9 (10. .......... 2
Field Pieces, 6 do. .......... 2
Ci~mel U:~ttery, (nclliae) 9 do.. . . . . . 6
1 Troop Horse art ill cry,^ do. ( 3 h) 6 -2 'l'roops A. G-Pra.. . . . 12
I Co. Foot A~tillery, 6 (lo. (343) (i -2 Field Birtterics, (38) IS
- -
32 Total, 2 L
- -
Artillery-FIol'se, and
Foot, (35) 5
200
...... Cavalry-l Eurn. Regt. J80
2 Native ditto, (36). . 960
1 It ~gt . L. I I . cE Det t . 1,000
InF;i~lt~' y-~ EI I ~I I , Regts.. ..... 1,060
.......... 7 Ni~tive ditto, (37) 6,000
Snppers and nli11ei.s (niitive), . . 250
......................... pioneer^, 24,O
--
frotill, 9,4600
R
Artillery-Horse, ........... 200
Foot, ............... 200
Cnvnlry-Wing Eurn. Regt., 300
1 Nntive Regt. 500
Local 1-Iorse, 400
Irifitntry-2 Eurn. Regts. 1,080
I Native, 750
Snppers rind Miners (native), 100
Pioneers, 100
-
'I'otnl, 3,630
,I.
12
16
--
1G
(313) Left at Ciindahar.
(3tb) I-lo\vitzeru included.
(35) Loft a t Cl~iltlallnr.
(36)
Ditl not talte their recruits.
(37)
Ditto, nor ndditional nien 1)er Coni1)an~.
(38)
One uirttery, dr nnn by mules, left at (2uett;i.
40
l oo
- - -
1000
1067
-----
1~10!20678~&29
--
10,liSG
-
3500
4929
200
60
250
xxxiv . Dei'ails oJ the Anny of the I~tdus,
Rectpitult/ion of lhe Force.
Guns.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Be11g;il slid Bo~nbay Columns,
(39) 50
Shall's Force, (39) ............................. 4
. . . . . . . . . . Shi t h~i ~di l Timoor's aiid Silt11 Coiltingent,
16
-
Total,. . (39) 70
--
Men.
Bengal and Bonlbay Artillery, E-Iorse 400-Foot 400,
800
Citvalry, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .... .... ..
3,630
Illfantry,. ..................................... 7,910
Sappers and Miners, ............................ 350
Pioneers ,...................................... 340
-
13,030
Shi111 Shoojah's Force, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,070
-
Force to act vi2 Cilndahar and Cebool, total, ........ 19,100
Shilhzaila Timoor's, sod Sikh Contingent, to act vii
I<liyber Pass and Cilbool, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,886
-
Total,. . 29,%6
Lcft at Boltkur, &c. imder Brigr. Gordon, I st Grenre,,
5t h an11 23rd Bombay N. I., .................... 2,200
Sincll~ Reserve force u~hcler Brig?. Vulian2, I<. II. 401h Fool.
A1 ICurachee-(zoill~ the park.)
Mcn.
Artillery.-3rd Co. 1st Bn. Arty. ailrl 5t h Co.
Goliindaze Bii., .............. 200
Detail of Pioncers, .............. 100
H. M.'s 401;ll Foot,. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 550
2nd Grenrs., 22nd and 26th Bonlbay
N. I . , . . . . . . . . . . . . a , . . . . . . . . 2,200
3,050
(39)
Or 56 for the Dengnl and Bombay Columns, including n~ o r l nr ~
;ind l~omitzers. l' l~c Shah's two troops (12 guns, kc.) of Horse Artil-
lery had not joined. Ti~erefuro scld 18 guns, kc. t o the 70, mnlting n
totnl of 78 guns, k c . for nll t he forces.
Betails of the Arm?/ of the Indus,
xxxv
Major General Duncan's Reserve Fame al k'cror~~oo~. (80)
Artillery.-3rd Troop, 2nd Brignde, H. A, and
3rd Co., 2nd Bn. Arty., . . . . . . . .
300
Cavalry.- Slrinoer's Elcl. Qrs. Local I-lorse, . .
GOO
11rfantry.-3rd Brigade, 27th N. I. ; H.
M.'s 3rd Buffs ; 2nd N. I.,
2,000
5t h Brignde 5th N. I.; 30th N.
I. ; alld53rd N. I. (Bengnl,) 5 2 0 0
- 4,300
5,000
Total forces, for the operations in Silldl1 and Aff-
gllanistan, (See also page 5 of t he work.) . . . . . . . . . . 40,186
N. B. The total force now i n Affghanistnn, ( i ~l cl udi ~~g
British troops) 20,000 men, niltl 70 to 80 g~u~s . Scc note 28.
(40)
'I'l~ese colys 11ed tlieir rccruits wi t 11 thenr,
TABLE OF CONTENTS.
Page
1 .-Addrcss to t he Earl of Auckland, Gover~ior General of
India , .......................................... iii
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.-Addrcss to the Reader,. v
............... 3.-The Invasion of India, and its Defence,
ix
..................
4.-AcknowIed,gnents to Contributors. xxiii
5.-Details of tlie Army of the Indos ;" nnR its Reserves, xxv
CHAP. I.-March of the "Army of the Indus" from Icurnal to
Rol~ree on t he Indus-IVIovements of tlie Bombay Troops,
CHAP. 11.-March from' Rohree to Lower Sindh, and baclc
to Sukkur, crossing the Bridge of boats-March to Shikar-
........... l~~or-Movements of the Bombay Troops,.
CHAP. 111.-March from Shiknrpoor to Dndur near the Rolnu
............ Pass-Movemcnts of the Bombay Troops,
CHAP. 1V.-March from Dndur-Through tlie Bolan Pass to
Quetta, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
CHAP. V.-Quetta, and march from i t through the ICojuk Paes,
.................................... to Canclahar,
CHAP. VI.-Arrivnl at Candahar-Detachment sent to Girishk
-Arrival of two grain convoys-Occiirrences &c.-Pre-
.............................. parations to leave it,
.................
CHAP. VI1.-Description of Cnndnhar,.
CHAP. . VI I I . - M~~C~ from Cnnclahar townrds Ghnznee,. ...
CHAP. 1X.-March on Ghuznee-Operations before ; Assault
and capture of thc Fortress-Reports of operations-Des-
patches, Rtc. &c.-Description of Gliuznee,. ...........
CIIAI'. X.-March Sro~n Ghuznee toivards Cabool-Dost Ma-
liomcd Khan's flight-Pnrsuit after him-Arrival at Cabool,
xxxviii Table of Contents.
Page
CH ?(I.-Arrival at Cnbool-Shah S~~ooj ah- oo] . ~~oo] ~L~s
entry into the Capital-Rcturn of party from tile pursuit of
Dost Bilnllonlcd Ichan, unsuccessf~l-Med~]~ proposed for
the capture of Ghuznee-Arrival of Shahzadn Timoor and
Liellt.-Col. Wade with his 'I'roops. Review of 14. 1 ~ ~ ' ~
16th Lancers-Review of the Bengal and Bombay I-Iorse
Artillery-Grand Review-Ruces at Cabool-Durbar-
me lkKwanee Order-Attack on Ghiljies-Troops to re-
nrain in Afghanistan-Arrival of 2 treasure convoys-
Disposition of Troops in Affgl~anistan-Troops to return
to India-Mahomed Ilyder Khan, and llajee Iclmn, Icakur,
return to India, .................................. 25 1
CHAP. XU.-Description of the country of Cabool-Trade-
l%uits-Climate-Grain-Thc city of Cabool-Revenue-
.............. Populntion-Army-Provi3ions-Police, 275
CHAP. XII1.-Marc11 of tlie Il d. Qrs, and Troops returning
to India, from Cabool, through the IChoord Cabool Pass-
to near the IChyber Pass, .......................... 293
CHAP. X1V.-Marc11 through thc IClryber Pass to Peshatver
-The Ichyber Pass a1~1 its defence-Payments to the Ichy-
berees. Tax, or Toll, levied-Commercial and Military use
of the Pass-Arrival at Peshatver, ..................
309
CHAP. XV.-Peshawer described-Revenue-Troops-Attacks
in IChyber Pass-Rattle of Noushera (1 833).
Cross the
........ Indus over a bridge of boats-Arrivnl at Attok.
321
Ct i ~l *. XV1.-March from Attok to Ferozpoor via the Punjuh
to-Rawul Pindee-The Tope of Muneekyala-Rhotas-
Jl~eelum-Loss ill crossing the river-Cross the Chenab
-The true site of Nicoea; Bucephalia; and Taxilla. Si r
John marclles to 1,ahore. Cross the Ravee-Rumour of
attempt to rescue the state Yrisoners-The visit at Lahore
-Display of tile Silt11 Army and extensive Artillery-Their
state of discipline and knowledge of tactics-Cross the
Sutluj--CRmp near l~erozpoor-Orders breaking up the
" Army of the IndusJ'-The loligest Indian march ever
known-Sir J. ICeane embarks on tile river for I3ombay,
wit11 Mahomed Rydcr l<han-The'rroops ~roceed to their
.................................... destinatioiis, 337
CZIAI*. XVIl.-l'l~e
of the Dooranee dynasty, from
........... its foundation (1 747) to the present period,.
365
TaBZe of Cotztenfs. xxxix
Pagc
CHAP. XVII1.-Tables of routes of tlie Uengal column, from
I<urnnl to Cabool, and of E-Id. Qrs., back to Ferozpoor-
Of the Bombay Column from the landing in Sindh, to
Dadur-Of the Bombay Column from Cnbool, by a new
route, on its return t o Sindh, ...................... 423
APPENDIX.
No. I,-Proclunation declaring the object of the expedition
............................... into Affghanistan,
No. 11.-Report of the Envoy and Millister of arrival at Can-
dahar, .................................. ... ....
No. 111.-Sir John Keane's order on arrival at Candahar,. ...
No. 1V.-Report of arrival at Cabool,. ...................
No. V.-G. 0. by the Govr. Genl. of India regarding the ter-
mination of the expedition,. .........................
No. V1.-Despatch regarding the operations nnd capture of
.......................................... Ilhelat,.
No. VI1,-Honors conferred on Lord Aucklnnd, Sir John
Ileane, and on officers of the Army of tlie Indus, . . . . . .
No. VII1.-Lord Auckland's letter on the fall of Ichelat to the
Secret Committee of the E. I. Compnny,. .............
No. 1X.-Letter of Lord Hill, Comg.-in-Chief H. M.'s Forces,
to Lieut.-Genl. Sir J. Keane, regarding the capture of
Ghuznee,. ..............................-........
No. X.-G. 0, by the Comr.-in-Chief in Indin, expressive of
the Queen's satisfaction (through Lord Hill) at the capture
of IThelat, ;. ...................................
No. X1.-Directions regarding the Family Remittances of of-
........................................... ficers,.
No. XI1.-The Queen's permission to wear the order of tllc
'' Dooranee Empire,". .............................
No. XII1.-List of officers Itilled, and who have died in the
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . course of the expedition,.
i b.
38
3 9
4 1
TABLES.
No. 1.-Return of Death Casualties of Men, [3orses, and Bu1-
loclis, in the Army of the Indus, .................... 43
xl 1'uBZe of Contents.
Page
No, 2.-i\Ionthly numerical return of tlie Admissions illto
I-lospital, and Deaths of tlle 13engal Column, Army of tlic
Jnclus, for the year 1839, .......................... 46
NO. 3.-'I'llc range of t he Thermometer during tlie yenr 1833, 58
No. 4.-Bnroinctrical lleights in feet-observations wit11 all
Englefield's Rnrotucter, witllout an attached Thermometer, 74
No. 5.-Return of Ordnance storcs, and grain, captured at
............................... Gbnznee, &c. kc., 75
No. 6.-Return of a month's supply for the Army of the
........................................... Indas , 77
No. 7.-Return of Ordnance, Ordnance stores, Musket,
Carbine, and Pistol Ammunition, arid Powder, which nc-
....... companied t he Bengal Park, Army of the Indus,. 78
No. 8.-Loss of public and hired cattle in the l3engal Co-
lumn, " Army of the Indus." Also, the loss of cattle by
officers and men in the Be n ~ a l and Bombay Columns, " Ar-
my of the 1ndus"-during t he Affghauistan expedition,. . 7'3
T l ~ e Index aftcr the Tables.
Tile Errat a last.
MARCI-I AND OPERATIONS
OF THE
ARMY O F THE I N D U S .
CHAPTER I.
1. I i umal (3Isl Oct. 1S38).-The restoratioll of FIis
Majesty Shall Shoojah-001-Moollc to the thl.olie of CLLbool
having been determined on by thc Government of Intlia,
proclamation was publislied, dated tlle 1st October 1838,
esplaining the ~notives of t he Brilish Qovc n~l nc ~~t i n untlcr-
taking tllc cxpeditioti illto Afghanista~l. ( 1) The Gove1*nor
General (Lord Ancltlnnd) Ilad on the 10~11 Sept. directed
t hc formatioil of an hrl ny to bc c~iiploged on t he espedition
into Afglianistan ; and the Commander-in-Chief in Indin,
(General Sir I-I. Fane) issued orders dated 13th Sept. 1%3S,
npl~ointing the several reginlents t o conlpose the :rlSery, to
rendezvous at Kurnal :-wliile Elis Excellellcy was Iiil~~self
solicited to assume the columillicl.
2. I l f a~c h t o Fe7*o~poor . ~The troops were dirccted to
march from IizwznZ to Fc~ovpool-, in t he following order.
The l st , 2nd and 3rd Brigades of Inhlitry to nlnrch on tlie
8t h ;nld 91h Nov. by Kythul, 16 n~nrcl ~es. The 4th an11 5th
Brigades on thc 8th ant1 9tl1, v i i ICotln Mullair, 17 marctics.
H. M. lGtll Lancers and 2nd Lt. Cavy. from Dellii, on the
4t h Nov. via Ternlann, Nughara, Moonuli, &c. The 3rd
Lt, Cavy, the Arty. and 21st N. I. (thc lntler not dt ached
( I )
See Appentlix, hTo. I, Copies were sent t o Dost Mohamnred
Rliim, t o the Ameers of Sindh, t o Malln~.njah Riinjeet Singh the ruler
of the Sikhs, to Shah 1Z;imrcin of Hernt, and to tlie Native I)o\rers df
1ndi:r gencri~lly ; while Shz~li Shooj~rl~ addressed tile Chiefs of Iia~ldallar
and of the Ghilzgo country ; and issued a Proclanlation on entering
Afghanistan.
n
2 Camp nt Fe~oz~l oor-
to the force) iilnrched 011 thc St h Nov. vik Uml,nllall and
I
~ ~ ~ ~ l i ~ ~ ~ ~ I ~ to Ferozpoor IS marches :
and by t he 29th
N~ \ Y, the lvhole were assemblctl i n onc canlp. (2)
3.
Ferozp01' (29th NOV. 1838).-The whole of tlie
tl*ool~s mere enca~llped to tile W. nilti N. W. of t hc town,
(3)
the camp of tlie Governor General, who had coine
to be present on tllc occnsion and to have aniiltervie\v ~vh.11
~~i r l l nl ~a j J l Rliilject Singh, was pitched some distance t o the
I
x, W. of the army, and aboiit four nliles fi+om t he Ghat on
I
tllc lcft ba111~ of the Sntliij, over wl~icli IIis I-Iighncss 11;iil 1
tltron.11 n bridge of bo:~ts, niitl on tlie right bank of which
lvcrc l l ~ e cainp of the Maliarajnh and of the Silih troops.
Before the inarcli of tlic Arnly from Feroxpool*, Lor d
Aiicklnnd rcceived n visit, in state, froin the Mali;iraj;ill,
nhicli l ~i s Lordship returiieil i n due for111 ; and t he 'C A?-my
of Il ~e Itidzis," the11 amounting to between 14 and 15,000
~nen, commniided by 1-1. E. Sir 1%. li'ane, in person, passeil
i n review before tlie Sikli Cliieftaiii and the Governor Gene-
ral, n~ltl performed a series of nro~eii~ents. Tile Si l i l ~ army,
consisling of 25 or 30,000 men, commandc.d by one of their
Gcl t eri ~l ~, aras, on n sobsequellt clap, pnmded in rcview order
before Lord ~lucltland and Sir 13. Fatic, aud performed illally
mrtllccuvres iii very good style.
4 . Reduct i on c# Force (30th Mov. lS38).-The f o l l o ~ v i ~ i ~
iiolification, dated k'crozpoor, 30th NOV. 1838, ill tiit Secret
Dupt0, by tllc Goveri~or General of Indi:~, was published on
the 4th Dec. by EX. E. the Conlmwider-in-Chicf in I ~i di : ~.
" Thc retreat of the Persian Ariily fronl before I$e,.at llalr-
illg bceii officially announcetl to the ~ove nl ~i i e nt as ~i ot i i i e~l
to the poblic 011 tlie 8th. instzrilt, (4) the circulllstarlces no
( 8) A (letnil of tlie Regimelit and Brigndes, kc. is given in the
i nt ~. odt ~ct i on.
(3) The %id, Srd, 4th tmd 5th 1nf;intry Brigntlcs wcre in one line.
1st Infantry Brigade, the Cavalry Bri ~?de and Sltinner's horse were in
nnotliar line, on the right, thrown Irilck.
(4) The king of Persiir rnisctl tho siege on the 9th Sept. 1838, nnd
niarcllod from Ilerat tnwi~rds his Cilpit~l.
I t as known to Govern-
nient al)o\it tho 22nd Oct. ; but ilunjeet Singh tmnsnlittcd the intelli-
gence in a letter from Peshawer, di,ted tllo lOt11 October 1838.
! .
Shalb S/ioojt-~h's and Sikh Farces. 3
lollger cxist which induced the Right I-Eonorable the Goveriior
General to solicit n continunnce of he services of H. E.
the Conllnander-in-Chief, wit11 a vicw to his conducting
military operatio~ls to thc west of llle Intlus." 11. E there-
fore published the follo\ving order, thilt << under these altered
circu~nstances the commai~tl of the detitcli~nent of the Bellgal
army is to be assumed by Mi ~j or General Sir Mr. Cotton,
I<. C. 13. slid I<. C. I-I. ;" and in :in order dated the 11th
Dec. 1838, clireclctl that, c r under the orders of the Right
Honoritblc the Governor General, the 2nd Division of Infiul-
try of the Army of the Indus is to remain till filrther orders
near the Sutluj, the I-Iead Quarters at Perozpoo?.; nild to
facilitate sopplies, the 5th Brigade and the troop of 13. A.
may be placed at Loodiunala, tlie otller Brigade, ant1 fieid
battery, to remain at Pero~poor. ~' This reduced tlie nrilly
t o about 9,500 men. (5)
5. Sliah ShoojaNs Force.-A Force had been raiscd for
Shnh Shoojah only abol ~t five n~ont hs before, the coutingent
consistillg of 6,000 men, (6) officered by British officers ;
t he whole coml~la~ided by Major General Simpson. This
force, as intended, preceded the nlarch of the Army. The
Sllah quitted Loodiunali on the 15th Nov. and proceeded to
Perozpoor, from which he marched on the 2nd Dec. with the
contingent, while the British army did not leave Ferozpoor
till Ihe 10th Dec, 1938.
6. The Sikh a d Shcixuda's Forces.-Milharajah Run-
jeet Siugh having signed lhe Lreaty by which he agreed to
funlish his quota of troops, (7) it was decided that after the
( 5 )
'1'0 decide up or^ t he Brigades, kc . to be left beliind, lots werc
dr a~vn; and the 3rd nncl 6th Brigades of Infantry (including H. M.'s
3rd Buffs) the 3 T. 2 B. H. I\., 3rd Compnny, 2nd Bnttn. A., and Sltin-
ner's 1st Lociil home, ritere destined to remain a t Ferozpoor.
(6) 2 Regts. of Cavy. of 1,000 each, and 5 of Infy. of 800 nlen each
\\,it11 a troop of liorse Artillery. I n one Regt. there y e r e 200 Ghoor-
lrhiis after~vilrds increased to '00; and Inore of that excellent cliiss of
soldiers are being entert;~iued. There are t\vo British officers to ei~ch
corps, t he rest being native officers.
(7)
Yhougl~ Runjcet Singli was ~villing to nid Shnh Shoojitl~ in his
rcstoriition, ns evinced by tho treaty of 1834, between tllern, still h e did
u 2
4 The Bornbag Force.
Rrnly had marchcd, the Governor Gcncral shonld pay a visit
t o His T-ligliness a t the court of L~ l ~ o r e , and tllc 21st N. I.
al ~r l other t ~oops accon~panietl his Lordship as an escort.
On the (it11 Dec. Lieut.-Col. TVadc, Political Agent at LOO-
di;inali, left t hat place to proceed to Laliorc to introduce
Sl ~al ~zadn Tinloor (Shah Shoo,jnli'a eldest son) to Rur~jeet
Sing11 : and after the Governor Gei~eral qnitted Lal ~oi . ~,
t h e Lieut.-Col. mover1 t o Peshawer mith the Shnluada for
t h e purpose of forming and orpni zi ng a force of about
4,800 men, (8) mitli British onicers; thc whole to be under
t he Colonel's command. Tlvo colllyanies of British N. I.
form~:d part of t he force, and of the personal guard of tlie
young prince.
The Sikh contingent, amounting to about 6,000 inen, (8)
mas assembled under General Ventwa, at Peshawer. Both
bodies were composed chiefly of Mahomedans, as the Silchs
wcre known t o be dislikerl by the Afghans, as well as
by tlic Iiliybe~ces through whose country and the famous
pass, lics the road bet~vccn Peshawer and Cabool. The
general political 811d military coiltrol JV~LS vested in Lieot.-
Col or~el TViide : while il Silrli army of observation, nndcr
Koonmar Nil0 Ni i ~ol Singb, (0) was nsscnibled on the fron-
t i er at Peslii~mer. Tile Shahzarlds force mils organizetl by
t he 7th, and by tlie niiddlc of May 1539, boot11 forces werc
~wepnred to comnleilce operations.
7.
Tlie E~nzbq Force.-The Government of India had
directccl tlic forillation of an army at Bon~bay consisting
of about 5,600 men, (10) which, under thc command of
H. E. Lient.-Genl. Sir J. ICeanc, Conimander-in-Chief,
not like to have a Britis11 force mnrch throagl~ his country, and 11e re-
mitrked tllnt " he 11;ul been for many yeilrs nddi~lg to his don~inions ;
but tl).at this expedition would prove :L bar to htrrre conquests." But
11c did nlorc tl~xn fulfil Ilis rsrlgagement by the amount of force which
he furnisl~erl. The treaty \rTns tri-prr~lite, the parties being the British
Govenlnient, ShJi Sl~onjirl~.ool-AIoolli a1111 Runjeet Singll.
( S ) See t he introduction for tho detirils.
(9) Gr~~ndson of Ru~ljeet Siogl~, and so11 of tllu presont dInhnrnja11
Khttrruk Singl~.
(10) See the introduction, for details.
Total Amozcnt of .Fol"ol.ces. 5
Bombay Arrny, was to land in 6'indJb, with a view to coln-
pel the Ai~lccrs of EIyderabad to sign a treaty agrccing t o
pay Shah Slioojilh a certain sun1 iu consideration of tribute
clue lo him, and for tlic purpose of obtaining the free nnvi-
gation of tlie river Irtclus ; ili1~1 lo aid if required i n tlie
operations of tlie Army of thc Indris ill Afghanisti~ii.
T l ~ e Head Qoitrlers cinbnl.lted at Bombay on the 21st and
reached the Hz!jnmrec mouth of tlie ~n d ~b s ' on the 27th of
Nov. 1638, rvlicre they forind Mat,jor General Wiltshire, and
a portion of thc 1st Brignde; and t he rest of the troops
Iandcd ; rt ViVikktw iiear tlie mouth of the Indus, on the 30th
Nov. 1838, with thc loss of soiile horses. "No preparations
~vhatevcr had becn mnde by the Ameers of Sindh, either for
carriage for the troops, or for provisioning tllen~. "(ll)
8. Total Bcngta2 and Bonabag, Qc. lib~ces.-It bciiig
found necessary t o s e n ~l niorc troops to Sindh, a reserve
force of aborit 3,000 men was despatclled froin Bombay,
and landed nt I<uritcliee on the 3rd Peb. 1539, after a slight
resistance. (1 2)
I will here give a snlilinary of tlie whole of the troops
mbich were available for elnployinent iu the Afghanistan
expedition.
Men.
1st.-The Arlily of tlie Jndus (Benyal) under
Major General Sir IV. Cotton,. ................. 9,500
2nd.-Major General I)uncan's reserve division,
........................... at Ferozpoor, bc.,. 4,250
........... 3rd.-Shah Slioojah's Contingent,. 6,000
4th.-The Bwntbuy force uilder I-I. E. Lieut. Genl.
................................
Si r J. I <eanc , 5,600
......
5th.-The Bombay rcservc Sindh force,. - 3,000
(11) See Cnpt. Outrnm's nnrraticle.
IIe was an cxtrn A. D. C. to
Sir J. ILei~ne.
(12)
I-I. DI.'s Ship Wellesley, 74 guns by her fire, nearly clestruyed
the fort; upon which tlle troops lallded without furthur nppositi~~l.
6tli.-T11c Shnhzadn's force, . . . . . . . . 4,800
7tl1.-'I'l1c Silt11 Contingent, . . . . . . . . 6,000
To move fro111 Pcsl~anrcr on Cnbool,. . . . -
10,800
Totnl, . . . . 39,150
8th.-The Sib11 army of ohscrvation a t Peslin-
wer (13). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15,000
--
Gmnd Total, . . 54,150
9. Hcrat, ifth~eatenec1.-Though the Boinbayforce under
Licot.-Genl. Sir J. I<eniie had t o settle affairs with the
A~ncers of Sindh, still tlie 1llai11 object of the expedition
was t o replace S1i;ill Shooj d~ on the throne of Cabool, and to
settle t he country of Afghanistan. Now, thol~gh the Persian
army hacl matched from Herat, still there vns n coiltingency
t o be provided for i n case of its falling into the bands of
e~l c~i i i es ; for owing t o the galliint defence of the place, ander
tlie sltill and science of Lieut. ( n ~ m Miijor) Pottinger of t he
Bombay Artillery, and the long protriicted siege of nearly a
year, sotne clangcr was to 11e npprclieiidctl for its safety. (14)
111 t he evcnt, thercforc, of i t being clcenieil advisable t o
detncll n force to its aid, instructions werc give11 by t he
Governor Gcnernl to do so; prol~ideil t1i;tt the sending such
force did not comproniisc the ultcrior clcsign of the expedi-
tion in Afghanistan-the securely re-scating Sl i al ~ Shoojah
on the throne at Cabool.
10. Divosnble Force.-Of t hc 28,350 men above detailed,
aho~i t 1'3,000 acti~ally marched throng11 the Bolnn Pass illto
Afghanistan, (1 5) so tll:it there mere 9,350 Inen to f or ~n tlie
force to be left in Sindli, and for Depbts betnree~i i t a11d t he
pass,ancl iucluding Gencvnl DoncanJs division ; for tlie troops
untlcr Lient.-Col. \Trade, were t o operate in n ilifferellt direc-
(13)
This was beyond his promise, see note 7.
(15)
I t \ ms nftervinrcls nscert~iined that there \rere seven brenches
i n its ~valls, the fort almost in n defenceless stete; and the inhabitants
were alnlost starving, the country having been laid waste nll round tlle
place.
(16) 9,500 ilnder Sir IV. Cotton, Slla11 Sl~oojnli's of 6,000 and Sir
J. Iiennc's uf 3,800 ; totnl 19,000 men, from wllicl~ rrc could not enfely
hilve sparcd any sufficient boclp of troop-,
Murclb from firozpoor. 7
tion (16) and mere i ~ o t available.
So that it might have
beci~ lracticahle to send about 4 or 5,000 to IZerat, and as
the army did not leave Candal~ar till the 27th June, 1839,
such all object migllt have been attained as far as time and
troops were concernetl; br ~t the difficnlty \vould hitve bee11
to furnish ca~r i age for the stores, baggage, aud provisions
of sucll ;L force. The Bo~ilbay troops OII landing in Silidh,
found 110 carriage or provisioas hnd been furnished by t he
Ameers. (17) I-Iad it been necessary to ~lcti~cll any force to
fIerat, the circntnstu~ces under which such necessity existed,
would have, most probably, caused delay in the operntions
ill Silzdl~, by giving confidence to t l ~ e Anlcers ; and i ni gl ~t
have induced them to resist onr demands, anti thus ht ~ve
rendcred it necessary to attnclr IIyclcrn6acl; after wliicb the
Bengal column might have marcl~ed 011 Candul~ar, and have
there awaited the arrival of thc troops destiuerl to march t o
Herat, distant 370 miles. I state this to provc the impor-
titnce due to the dcfence of Hcrnt, and to shorn t hat it is
easier t o funlisl: troops, lhan to feed them, and carry t he
munitions of war !
11. Mar cl ~ of the Army of the litdusj+om I7mozpoo~ (IS)
( 16) The Bengal troops were t 6 movo 8. W. from Perozpoor t o
Sin1111 and thence N. \V. ?'he Bombay troops t o move N. on Innding,
all(\ t hr o~~gl l Sindll, while Lieut-Col. Wade was to move from Pesh-
River more than six degrees N. and a l i t t l e E. of Shikarpoor, wliich i s
nenrly on the N. frontier of Sirldh.
(17) See 1,irrir. 7.-'I'llerc l ~n d been a famine in t he N. IV. Pro-
vinces of Intliir i n 1838, R I I ~ the collectiori ofgrnin to any grent extent
was a difficult operation. l' he districts from wllicli camels are pro-
cured, had been drained by the great deninntls of Government and pri r
vnte individuals for cirrriage, so that, as the Bcngal Comlnissariiit
must have s ~~pyl i ed carriage for t he nclditional 4 or 5,000 Inen, rrnd I ~at l
been called on to furnish camels, kc. for Sir J . ICeone's force, i t would
not hiive been ensy to have nnsmered t he demilnd.
(18) Tlie Journalof the route from Ferozpoor to Cnbool wit11 t he Ar-
my, ar!d t hat from Cabool back to Berozpoor wit11 the troops which re-
turned with Sir J. ICeanennd t he Bengnl column Head Quarters, 08 well
as that of the Bomb:ry column through Sindl1 to Dadur (\vhence they
followed the route of he Bengnl column to Candirhnr, kc. ) will bo
found a t Clinpter 18. The route of Lieu1.-Col. Wade from I'esliascr
t o Cabool, and that by which we returned, were the same.
(lot11 Dec. 1838.)-Preparatioi~s having bee11 made (19) for
tlie ild\~iince of the troops, (Shah Shoojall having prccecled)
they msrchecl in live columns, precedetl by the engineers,
sappers and nlillers i n advance. The Htl. Qrs, (Major Genl.
Si r W. Cotton, commanding) H. A. andCavalry Brigade mov-
ed on t he 10th. The lst, 2nd and 4th Infy. Brigades ; and
t he parlr of Artillery and 4t h Local horse mid the Com-
lllissariat supplies and stores, in separate columns, in suc-
cession, lteepi~ig a nlarch between each coluinn ; and this was
t he order of ~liurcll till the Army reaclied Rohree (Bukku99
i n Sindh. The Commissariat supplies which accompanied
t he Army (amounting t o about 9,500 and about 38,000, i n-
cluding camp-followers) mere as follow : 30 daysJ supplies
of nllltinds, slaughter cattle for 21, nlontlls ; additionril quaan-
tities of grain werc sent (low11 by ivater to Rohree, a n d
DeyBts were forrued at Bhawulpoor, Shiltarpoor, kc. A
Reserve DepBt was established at Ferozpoor containillg
50,000 maunds,(20) and tnro months' supplies of other grain.
14,235 canlcls were employed f i r supplies only) with the
army on leaving Ferozpoor. Each column carried a certain
qnantity of supplics vitli it.
The sick and principal llospital stores were sent down by
water. It mas intended, l ~a d i t been practicable, to have
sent the ordnance stores, kc. by miiter, but boats colrld not
be procured in su5cient nu~llbers. Indeed, boats were re-
quired to be sent down to Bukkur, on tlie Indus, to form the
bridgc of boats; for wbich purpose ti~iibers were floated
down. (21) It would have beeu desirable to transport all
(10) The road from Ferozpoor t o Bharnlpore, and through t h a t
country, was m ~ d e by Lieut. I\lnckeson, Pol. Assist., who, as well as Dr.
Gordon (Pol. Assist.) were, for n long time, employeil in collecting
grain, and.experienced gr eat difficulty, oaing to the neglect of Bhnwul
Khan' s people. Dr. G. mas afterwards engaged in n sinlilar manner
s t i\looLtan, al l ere Cilpt. \V. 'l'homson, S. A. C. G. was subsequently
-
sent, on t he march of the troops, for t he snnle purpose.
(80) 8,000,000 lbs,
(151) Meny boat s were sent t o Ferozpoor from Bhn~r ul poo~ for t ho
grain, kc. ; but t h e boats f ur t he bridge were chiefly obtained on t h e
Indus.
. ,
I.he heavy slores by water and tlius ' l ~ave ~ii\lctl tlie cattlc.
'!.
, .. .
. . .
T l ~ e ~n:rrcli of the army do1v11 from Fcl.oipoor to llollrc$, or1
tlie Intlus, never being above 20, and oftcn within a few
miles of t l ~e river (\vliicl~ ilssuiiies the names of tlic Sz~t l t j ,
Gharra, and Punjnud till it fillls illto tlie Tndus) c~i:rbled
t he troops to have commu~~i ci l t i ons wit11 Ll~e fleet of Boats.
11. E. Genl. Sir 1-1. Fmie, Commander i n Chief i n India,
on the lxirrcll of the aruly, cnlbirrlied on board his bonts,
and proceeded doivn tllc river.
The Bombay nrlllg at this tinie, Ilavit~g lanrled ill Sillah,
nrerc cngaged i n pr oc ur i ~~g carriage to enable it t o aloae on
EIptlerabad, t he capital. 011 t he 24tl1 Dec. t he Bo~nbay
troops marched fro111 Bornioncote toniwds IJYde~ubud.
12. Cnnzcls nnd Carriage o;t'll~c A~nzy.-There I I I I I S~; Iiavc
bcen froni 25, to 30,000 c:rmels ~vit,h t l ~ c nrtnjr (pu\)lic a ~ ~ d
private) i111d so eilrly as t he 26th of Dcc. (2'2) it 1~11s fon1lc1
Ilecessiiry to allolv the cunlels, kc, to quit cillnp some
hours before the trool~s, as they feli off ill condition, ou~i ng
t o tlieir arriving late in cat i ~p ;\nd being ul ~i ~bl e early
enough to get fori ~ge or to grnxe. This will account, in
sollle degree, for t he loss of cnlnels wit11 tlie Amy , iw we
often coultl not allow then1 to 111-oceed i l l advance of tlic
troops, owing t o t he tlnnger of beiug itttacked by plundcrcrs
or by the elieliiy ; and so nuniel-ous were tlle c;l~ncls, that
t l ~ough we marchecl i n sever;ll columns, forage coultl not bc
obtainctl i l l s ~~ni ci ent clual~tity i n milny places, after ~ s c
m;u.cl~ed froni Shilii\rpoor. Tlle firct is, that 1110st of t l ~ c
oficers liad too il-rany c;ui~els, too large tents, nnd too mnch
biiggiigc : though Sir 13. Panc Ilnd issned an ortler to cilL1-
tion all nqiinst t;llcing large tents, or estirblislllnelits.
13. ilirone?~ Ratio?zs t o the s\Tutive Troops (27tl1 Uec.
1838).-Wlie~i \ vi t l l i ~~ two mitrclies of Bl~n\vnlpoot. we were
;ill gri~l;ilied by llle receipl; and in orders of t he
follon4ng extract of ci despntcli from tlie Secretary to tllc
Govcrnmont of India i n tllc Mily. Dept. (No. 1:38), cl;rl;ctl
t l ~c 18~11 Dcc. 1838. Cc Tl ~ c siLlile :ldvi~~itages are estendetl t o
( 22)
Sonic of the Camels ltntl m:rrched nearly 600 ~uilcs, a t this
pcriod ; but mnny camels ncre ovcrl~ilded 1 1 ~ 1 the men.
C
t he Nat i ve t roops servi ng with t he Ar my of llle rndu,s, as
jvere g n n t e d t o t hose ~ 1 1 0 served ' beyond t he Eusta~*n-
frontier of t he Bri t i sh Domi ni ons, tluring t he war ~ v i t h Ava,'
h.0111 tlie dat e of crossiilg t he Indus." (23)
We were now witliiil 23 marches of t he Iiidus, aiid wliile
;ill were pleased at the libernlity of Govenl ment , we still
regret t ed t hat t he inensure hi~d not been promul gat ed previ-
ous t o t he mar ch froin Ferozpoor. Before tlie ar my n~nrcl i -
ed froin Ferozpoor, several Nat i ve officers were i nvest ed
wit11 tlie order of 131.itisA India, which mas n well t i med
1itc:isnre. It is n Boon nt t ended wi t h soi ne e s t r n expense t o
Govcrl l i nei ~t , but one ~v l l i c l ~ is ~unpl y repaid by tlie zeal
of t he Nat i ve t roops ; ml ~i cl i Iins ilcver I ~ e e ~ i great er thiun oil
tllc service oli m11icJi tliey were ]low ei npl oyed i l l n foreign
(23) r Ll ' l ~c Native troops r~nd establisl~n~ents, w11o served I~egon~l the
Bui~crn~poolw, by G. 0. G. G. in C. No. 359, of Isei., 2Btl1 Nov. 1852h"
(vido I'irj~ and Audit Regulntions, pages 420-21). However, tlie field
INIJ-master (wllo Irad served in the Pioneers in Avn) suspecting :I mis-
titlte riiigl~t occur, the following men~oranlluin was publisl~ed in G. 0. on
the 1Gth Iieb. It339 toexplain who \\.ere entitled to the gratuity, viz.
" To extra and permanent autl~orized establisl~ments attacl~ed to the
1,ocal I-lorse" (;in irregular corps); "iind not to the estal~lisl~rnents
- .
of other corps, nntl of other br;~nclles of the service ; wl1ic11 last, if
cntitletl to bnttn in Cantonments, receivetl" (in Avn) " extra I~iittn,
;inti money ri~tions ; 11ut no increase of rd pay."
l'lre P;ly i~nd Audit Reg111:1tions, p. 4-20, piirn. 2, stnte tlriit "such
inonep rations \rill be dra\vn in regul;~r nbstriicts of troops and cornpn-
]lies, under the head of extra clru~gcs, at the rates regulnted in public
orders Iry Co~nmiuiding Oflicers of clivisio~is r~nd detachinelits a t the
end of eacli month, on n certificate from the Coinniissariat officer of
the correct prices of the articles in the bnznr ; or the rates at 1vhic11
tlrey hiivebcen issued fl-om t11e public stores; with n c:ilc~~lation of tl~o
vi~lue of e:ich man's ].ation for the month, on t l ~c publicittion of whicl~
the officer commii~ldi~lg tlie troop or company will dmw for tlie i~mou~rt
tllte to it.''
Ul~der parn. 4.-'l'ho money mtions are to I)e ti~~awn for " all hTative
officers, N. C. O., Dr~unmers nnd Privi~tes, GI I ~ I or Tent Lascars, or
otller pernli~nent osti~blishn~ents, drawing 11i1lf or full biittn, and rc-
gularly enrolled."
Tlre expense to tlie Government rind the i~d\.i~ntnge to the soltliur,
\
depends on t l ~e price of grain ; according to the clearness of w11icl1 is
the soldier's gi~in.
Arrive at Bhawu&oor. 1 I
connt ry; allil wi t h the prospect of a l ong absence from tlieir
Nat i ve land.
14. Arri ved at Blaawz~@ool; (29th Dec. 1835.)-The I-Iend
Qrs. of tlle Arnl y of tlie I ndus arrived a t B11a\rr11111oo~ t o-day
under n sal ut e from tllc town, and fount1 t l l i ~t Si r 11. Pal i e
Ilatl arrived in hi s bottts. Th e :rrmy encnmpr d t o t h e W.
of t he town. Tlic rest of t he coluiillls moved up on he fol-
l owi ng days. On t he 30tl8, Sir 13. Fane held a Dur bar and
received tlie R1i;ul in st at e ; prescrlts were given to t he Khan
who di d not seclll qni t c at hi s ease, lIic firct is, tliat neitlicr
he nor liis peopl e (Itas.durs) had been a t al l act i ve ill pro-
curi ng t he suppl i es requi red f or t he Army (24) t hough ampl c
notice was given.
On t he 31st Dcc. 1839.-Sir 11. Fiinc ret urned tlie I<hnli's
visit in c o l ~ ~ p a ~ l y wit11 Si r TV. Cot t on i u ~ d tlle stail'; when a
a sal ut e was fircd from t he t own. 111 tlie eveni ng t he ordcr
of Brilish fiiclia was conferred o n t bree native officers, nnd mc
buried Lieut.-Col. Dafin, Comg. 211~1 Lt. Cavy., t h e first
officer who had (lied with t hc army. Li cut . Maclreson j oi ~i ei l
uu liere as the Asst . Pol i t i cal agelit.
(81,)
Indeed Clie Covern~nent wns obl i pd tc, remonstrate wit11 t he
Ii11nn liimself: perhapn 110 was nfrttltl of displonsing the Aniecrs of
Sindl~, 11ia ~~ei gl ~bours. Tilere was snit1 to be n deficiency in the N.
portion of his territory, when he was told that there w:ra plenty of
grain in the S. districts, from wl~ich he could transport it, l~aving
:r pe nt number of boats at his con~mand; we dicl not find the quantity
of supplies s e expected on our arrival, t l ~ougl ~ i t is ;I fine grsin
country. The escllse 1nn11e was, that IIC I~ird u~~derstood the trool~s of
Slial~ Sl~oojnli mere to precede our 1narc11 two montl~s. Bh~rwul-ltl~an
eve11 said 110 was afraid the advance of the army worilcl cnrrse I ~i s
1)eol)le to desert ; tl~orlgh i t was me11 Itnown thrrt, wl~en Sl t uI ~ Sltoqj(th
went on his expedition in 2832 throrlgl~ his country, the pcople ditl
not tl~cu. desert their villages. l ' l ~c discipline of British trool)s and
the precautions used against plundering, could not bc ur~known to hirn ;
~11i l e it was known t l ~at the Iiur~lui~s and pcople of his cou~~t ry, dwed
not to disobey his orders. Arrangenients 11i1d 11eei1 11i:idc by Dr. Gordon
to proctlre grain from I'dc lPtcllltn on t l ~e other side of t l ~o Sutluj, i l l
the Pnn,j:rb ; and Lient.-Col. Wade dso indllced the gmin ~~i ercl ~i rnt s
of I.oodicmah to cnter into contracts, to filmis11 supplies : supplius
were required both for the troops of Sl ~nl ~ Shoojnh, imcl for tho Uritisll
\
Ariiiy.
c a
15.
Bi~u2uu~oor.-The town of 'Bhnwulpoor, is on tZlc
left ballir of the Ghnrm river, distalit 229 miles from Fe1.o~-
poor, and about halfway between it nrld Roliree ( Bz ~kk~1; 1 on
tile Indus. The tolvll has a nlutl-~vnll all round it, ~vitliout
ditches, or bastions. I t is said to cont;~in about 4,000
houses, and. 20,000 inhabitants. (25) I t is about 4 nlilev
fro111 the river. I t is a wretched plitce, the houses and huts
beil~g of mud ; and ill a military point of view of no consi-
derntion. Uhawul-lihan has about 4,000 infantry and sonlc
liorsc~nen, i~lld though dressed in uniform they (lo not iilitke
a very foniiidable nppeamnce, biit ans\rer the purpose of
preserving the tranquillity of the cotintry ; mhicli the IClinn
lieeps in good order. Tlle place is rich ill woollens, carpets,
mid fruit : pears, apples, oranges and grapes ; nll except tlie
grnpes, are brought from Cirbool. There is iL nlanufac-
t we of carpets aiid durrees. Indigo i s esportetl from
i t to Mooltan. I t is cultivated between this place and
IChanpoor, which is 90 miles distant-to the annual value
of 3 or 4 lalchs of rupees ; and at TvIoolta~i to the value of
6 or 7 lalthu of Rs. Indigo is sent from Mooltrr~l to Sindli.
The road between Ferozpoor and Bliawulpoor is jungly,
the roads sandy; and we found several deserted villilges,
though t he strictest tliscipli~le was maintained, and si~fe-
guards furnished to every village.
Tlie Head Quarters niarched fro111 I3liit1vulpoor on t he 1st
January, 1539; and Sir H. Fane proceeded i n his boats
dowil the river towards Buklrur.
16. AAnaedpoo~, (3rd J an. 1839.)-The I-Iaad Quarters
arrived here to-clay. Halted on tlie 4th and niarched on
the 5t h Jan. Tlie town is large and coiltains about 6,000
houses and 30,000 inhabitants. (25) I t has no kind of for-
tification, but there is a pultha enclosure where tlie IC11an
(of Bhawvnlpoor) lives when in tlie vicinity ; aiicl tlie great
bitzilr is pulrha, and contains a llnndsoine mosque with four
beautiful minarets, seen for several miles before you rei~ch
( 25) There mtry be a doubt as to the numl~or of inllabitnnts, ;IS i t
is easier to ascerhili the number of houses, than th;rt of the people
who dwell in them.
tlic ton7n. This place exports coi~rsc cotton clotlis and iiitligo,
and imports sillts, moollcns, fruit ;riid grain. Tl i c couiitrv
all round is a rich plain, covered 1vit.11 t ur ~~i ps , carl.ots, ~vlicat,
iililigo ;--and fruit t r ees of tlie apl,lc, orange, poii3cgranatc,
grow in the fields; t h e oranges wcrc covcrctl i n with mattiiig,
to protect them fro111 tlic frost. Thcrc is n lioilse buiit
b y Lieut. Mackcson, in ~\.hicli lie rcsidcd hcrc, as t hc
British agent for t l l c 1~~1~ig;itioii of t he Indus.
17. .L(lta~iljoo~, (8th Jan. 1839.) The Head Quarter$ ~rrriv-
ed liere t,o-day. Can113 onc and a half iiiiles bcyond t he town.
Thc place is snit2 t o coiltiiin 10,OOU illhabitants, aiitl has iiin~iy
1111ltIin houses i n it. A salnte of 21 guns wits Gred from t wo
g~i i i s 011 our arrivtd. Tliere is n canal ~ u ~ r n i n g tllrongh thc
town. I t collies f r o m R branch of thc rivcr, which is ;1bo111
18 iliiles off, and expends itself i11 a jhecl. Tliere are t.\vo
B;rttalioiis of Bhnwul-lthnii's iri tlie town. Tllcre is a iilnrt
for rice, and brass utensiIs. The caual fertilizes tlic soil
~vhicli produces r i ch crops of wheat and barley. We inarcll-
ed fro111 I<hanpoor o n the 10th Jnn.
18. Entes. t he *FincZh C'o?tntq, (14th Jan. 1839.)-Sir
A. Blirnes (26) j oi ned 11s yesterday, and to-day the I-Iend
Quarters arrived at Subzul Ira liote, which is j ust on tlic
frontier between the Bhawnlpoor a i ~ d t hc Si i ~dl i territories.
Tlle distailce from t h e river is about 18 1l1iIes ; two-thirds of
this place belong to t he Bmeers of Idyllerabad, ant1 oiic-tliirtl
t o Roostum Khan o f I<liyr[~oor (cousin t o tlie Ameers). I t
fornlerly belonged t o the Khan of Bl i ~~v~i l poor .
l9/IL J[ln. 1S2S.--151e, at. this l~eriocl, fouilcl l hat the Con)-
inissilriat cainels we r e dying faster tlinii the grai n Ivns cull-
suu~etl ; for t h o ~ ~ g l l \vc hiid supplies at each stilgc, still not
to the extent ~ c q u i r e d for ali t he colunlns: and mauy of t l ~e
carriiLge cnlll(,ls we1.e carrictl oll' by thc owners, wliich obligcd
tllc Colllllliss~riiLt t o employ sollie of t he Iiired 01% rewcrrcc
cnlllcls ciln.gillg grain, t o c:m y tlic bnggngc 01 tllc IllCn of
ollc of the Regts. Tlie omnc ~s of ceniels tlid not likc tllc
notion 01 crossing t hc I I ~ ~ L I S !
( 2 6 )
Ilc Il nd I,ccn cng~gcd, for so\.crnl niontl~s at Sl~ilcnl.pore,
(Sindll) in : rrr; ~ngi ~~g for sl~pplies for (1111 Army, rc-coining some old
rupees, irnd for otlicr prlrposus.
14 At Rohree and Bukkur.
23rd Jan. 1839.-We heard this day tliat Sir H. Fane
had been requested, fi.0111 Ellgland, t o reinnin as Con1r.-
in-Chief in India.
24th .Jan. 1839.-The Head Qoarters, to-clay, reaclied
Xoliree (Bukkur) on the Indus, where me found Sir H. Fane.
The Engineers had beell sent on in advance with tlie silppers
and miners, to prepare illaterials for the bridge of boats
ircross the Indus. The Shah who had preceded us seven or
eight days had arrived here, mcl crossed t he mholc of his
force in boats in seveil clays, by the 17th January.
Tlie Aonlbny army under Lieut.-Genl. Sir J. I<eane, mas
within three marches of Hyderabad (Sinclh) ; slid Lieut.-
Col. Wi d e wil;h the Slinhxada, wirs pr occedi ~~g on his m i l d
towards Peshnwer.
CHAPTER IT.
1. A~ri anl at Rol ~~ec, (24111 Jan., 1839.)-Major-General
Sir 1;V. Cottoil, with the I-lead Qrs., tllc 11. A. ant1 C;rv;dry
brigndc nnder Major-Gencml Tliackwell, (1) ~wrived this
day at llollree, \vllcre me found 13. B. the Comm;uirler-ill-
Cliief Sir 13. Fane, on board his boats. The other brigades,
kc. moved np on t he followi~lg days. The Engineers had
leacle ronsic1el.able progress ia malcillg tlie briclgc of bo; ~t s
for t he passage of t he troops. (2) I n the aflernooil Si r 11.
Fane hclcl it Durbar to receive tlie son of tllc Anicer of IChyr-
l ~oor, at \vhicll t he Major-Gener;ils, kc. iuid stilff n7cre
present, together wilh Si r A. Burnes. The your~g mail ; I I I C~
llis attendants seenletl l l l ucl ~ al ar ~ned; no doubt, owillg t o
t he presence, of our troops, and the unsettled st at e of affairs
:lt EIyderabad, being connected with t he Amcers of that
pltlce.
25th Jan. 1839.-By subseqlle~lt intelligence (3) i t ill>-
peared, t hat Sir J. Icrane with tile Bombay troops, was a t
,Ji~~-ilclt, onl ~r two miu-ches fro111 Ilydwabad, which ar e both
on t hc other side of t he rivcr, illld I 111elitioll it here, t o
( I )
He joined tl~earmy on the IYth Deccnlb~r, 1R3A) Ilnving I ~ccn
nppoi~itcd to co11lrn;ind the wholc of the Cavitlry of tile Arniy of Indus,
(Rcngnl and Eoln1111y.)
(2)
Sl1:11i Shooj~~ll, who rencl~ed the Indns I~efol-e IIC, crossetl nl t l ~c
3Ioosscirz Bcrl~leh ghnt, ~r l ~i c l ~ is four from TJzec~poor, ant1 a l ~ o ~ ~ t scveu
miles fro111 llollree, as the bridge wrrs not ready. 'I'l~ey coln~nenccd
on the 11th and lillisl~cd crossi~~g tlie wl~ole fwce (6000 nlcn,) c ~ u ~ I ~ I s )
c;~ttle, and Irtrggc~ge, in seven di~ys.
(3)
\Be only learnt this on the btl~ Pel~r~lnrjl, 1839, on ollr marc11
from Rol~rec clown towards Hydcr:il)atl, as tl~ose who bro~lgllt letters
were oldiged to tnlcc a circuitous ro~ite; hnt onr n~oven~c~~t s must.
have rc:~clicd the Amoors vcry qi~ickly ; as they llad the cunl~nnnd of
t l ~c whole country, on both sides of the river.
show horn frrr n k~~owl cdgc of the proximity of lllc two
forces operatecl 011 the lnintls of the Ameers of Sindh,
l.cgarding the trcilty proposed for their signature; while tile
SIinl~'s force 11:wing crcssetl on the 17th January, bad rench-
etl Shilrnrpool., which is only two marches from Rohree; so
that there were three forces to act against Hyclernbnd ; two
of which mere about twenty marches from their Capital. (4)
This night arrived ille treaty from the Governor General
~ . e i ~ d ~ - signed, iuld atldressed to Co l o ~~e l Pottinger, the
resident in Sintlil, but it was sent, i~nlnedintely, to Sir A.
Burnes, the Political Agent will1 the force; by it thc Allleer
of Iihyrpoor wiis t o tleliver up the fort of Bukkzbr sit~liltetl
011 the islilnd in the centre of the Indus, nnd near the torn11
of Rohree ; by mllicl~ we obt ni ~~ed con~nl and of the river.
2. Visit of the Anzeer of'I<l~ylpoor, (26th Jan. 1S39.)
-To-d;ry mas appointed by H. E. Si r 13. llilne to re-
ceive tlie visit of tht. Ameer of I<hyrpoor himself, at half-
past 7 a. M,; but Ile did not lnrtke his appearance till about
11 A. 11. preceded by his minister, wlio was anxious for 13.
E. to go and meet his master, which was not complied with.
I-Ie came in state, s nd mas received by a gunrd of honor,
consisting of four Cos. H. lM.'s 13th Li ght Iufantrjr, one
troop 11. M. 1Gth Lancers, and a pnrty of the Bengal 3rd
Light Cavalry, As soon as the old man reached the carpet,
Sir H. Fane rose and \veicon~ed him ; then arose n confnsion
of tongues ; then commenced struggling, pushing, and
screaming for the seats of honor. At last silence ensued,-
speeches were made-then the dilly ratified treaty was pro-
clucacl, upon which t he hmeer said lac wonld insist on 1Voor
nfahomed Ali, of Hyderabnd, agreeing to our terms. Si r 13.
Fa l ~e replied, ( 5) CC I linae masted time enoiigll i n treating;
I will now inarch down, and nttacli llim ; and if you like,
I will show yon the troops I shall sent1 to do it." Tlle rcvicw
of the Cavalry brigade, and gild T. 211~1 B. B e ~ ~ g i ~ l 11.
(4)
Sir J. Kenne'a force was iibout 5,600, Sir \V. Cotton's 9,500, :in11
SIIIIII Sh~oj~lll's 6,000, toLi11 21,100 men, of wl l i o l ~ 1,: or I(i,000 rnigl~t
11nve beer) umployetl ;~g:rinst I-Iy~lerabntl.
(a) Sir A. Uurncs \riis tl~ei~lteryreter on the ucc? , s~on. '
The Uv i [ l y e - Or d ~r f o ~ ill/ arch.
A. took place in tlic crening. The Alneer mils astonished
a t tlic Military array, but expressed llis fears on sceing
I,hc .Eziropeans ! As aflnirs were i11 ail unsettled state a t
Hj~dentb;~d, Sir EX. Pi\lie suggestctl thc propriety of detach-
ing a considerable portion of tlie Be ~y a2 Colum~i to Lower
Siiidh.
3. Tlte .13ricZge--Orde?* for march, (27th Jan. 1839.)-
Tile river rose to-day 18 inches, and the bridge opened l o
sollie extellt, iuld c:~usetl a gootl deal of anxiety, for it
not jret finished; the portion over the strongest part of t he
strenm, i. e. on t he left bank, was to be constructed, ;~,itl i t
W;LS highly important to have it ready as sooil ;IS possible.
'1'0-day tlie let and 211!1 Infy. brigndes 111ilr~hetl into camp.
The troops in orders yesteivday, t o marcli to lower Siiidll
were as follo\vs;--lst, T l ~ e 11. A. and Cavalry brigade to.
niarch oil the 28th-2nd, The 1st Brigade of Infi~iitry on t h e
29th, with the camel-b:tttery-3d, 2nd Brigadc on tllc 30t l t
Jail. 1839, a totill of about 5,600 nien, cqnal to Sir J.
I<etrne's force ; who would tlltis hnve had Inore tliiul 11,000
men with which to act in Sintlli. The 4thBrigacleof Llfalitrj.,
tlie 4th Local I-Iorse, the Pa1.1i of Aintillery, a11J the Engi-
]leers, Snppers, ancl Miners, (the latter required to coinplctc
the bridge) were to remain at Rohree, the whole ~l ndcr t he
comiiiai~d of Brigadier Roberts. (6) Tlie orclcr for tllc iiiarch
nr nspost poi ~~dJ :LS we h ~ ~ d 11ot yet got possession of thc li'orf,
of Bultltur. Sir TV. Cotton invested certain native officers
wit11 the order of '( Bri l i sl ~ India," ia tlie aften~oon.
(6) Alidor Cenerirl Not t went ill command of tllc 2nd Br~g:rrlc..
''he sick l~orses i ~nd those out of condition, imrl sick meti wore
left i r t l l ol ~ree ; :ind oficers ant1 men were recon~n~ended t n move a s
light ns possible; and wit11 sucl ~ serrirnts and beggngo only, :IS \relsc
essentially neeessitry. l'lte infantry took 150 rounds with tllem;
of this 25 rol ~nds in poncli, alrtl the rest packed in boxes. A spot wr ~ s
lixod on for ;r Picld IIospitirl :rt Rohree.
No baggage wirs nllowed t o precedo the troops, llle firs1 day, but \rre
:rTtcr\ri~rds forlnd i t was not necossery to provent its going on in ad-
virnce. Servi~rlts wore carttioned as to t he di ~nger of qt ~i t t i i i g t he l i ne
of msrcli; irnd of tho risk of ~t r nggl cr s b o i ~ ~ g ill-trentctl.
D
False slam k Camp.
4.
Orders for march ?.epeated--False alarm in Cavy.--
(2tjtll Jan. 1S39). Tlie ortlers for t he illarcll were re-
peated to-day. Botll yesterday and to-day n?any armed
persolls were observed t o leave the town of Rol~ree, and
from certain indications, i t was snpposed by soille that an
attack would be niade 011 11s. Enemies were tall<etl of-pic-
quets were strengthenetl after su~~set-sentries were doubled,
and their muskets were lontletl. At 12 o'clocli at night, :L
lnusliet went OR by chance, when the whole line turned out
under arms, in t he course of a few minutes, (7) as t he al:~rnl
spread tllrough t he whole Camp in a moment. I t was n
fiue moo~i-light night, tund the nlovements of an enenlp
could easily have bee11 seen. On an esniuiilation at the
piccluets, and in t he vi ci ~~i t y of the town, no enelny coultl
be seen-it proved n f i l s e n2nm. Tlle real c:ulse I believe
to have been this. The people i11 the town most probably
were in n. state of al ar n~ at t h e prcse~lce of an arniy near them,
t l ~ol ~gh guards t o protect then1 were placed i n t he town,
and mere leaving t he place, as we aftermnrtls henrtl, nritl~
their fanlilies and property, through fear, but neither with
an intention of attncltiiig us, nor of proceeding to Lower
Sindh, to join t he Aineers at Ryderabntl. (8) In fact all
( 7) Orclers had been gi ren to the sentries t o fill1 back on their pic-
q ~ ~ e t s o t ~ Ilearing any firing, and to give the alarm. Th e sentry whose
musket went off belongetl to a Regt. N. I. of t he 4th Bripide.
(8)
Sir \V. Cotton praised the vigilance of t he troops, nnd the alil-
crity with which they turned out, and published t he following order nest
clay: "on n ent try, or vidette, finding it necessary to fire upon nny
object ndvnncing, it is the dut y of the officer Comg. t he picquet from
w21iclr t he sentry is pouted, to ascertain, by personal examinntion, t he
cause of t he alert ; nnd should he discover t hat any ground exists for
apprehending an at t ack on Iris post ; he will sound the ' u1ur.m ;'
nild take t he usriirl steps to repel it." I l e should liltewise, send to
report to t he field officer of the diiy of t he Brigade to which he
belongs.
'l'be beating of tom-toms, kc. after 7 o'clock a t night was prohibitetl ;
and the Provost nl ar sl ~c~l iind Iris Deputy, were ordered to pntrol nt
uncertain intervals duri ng t he night, and to cause peol)le disobeying,
to be arrasted.
rl
tllc ~c o p l e of l l ~ e country are i ~nned, nncl their going nlvfiy
in consiclcmble bodies glivc rise t o tllc reports.
1
5. lJossessio?b of the ljbrt of Buklcar ; and order for
I
murcli, (29th Jim l839).-The For t nrils to be givell up
t o us by the Anleer of I<hprpoor to-day at l ~el f past tlll*ec
ill t l ~c nfternoon, four Cos. of tlic 35th Bellgill N. I. ullder
Lieut.-Col. Montci\tl~, and thc flarlli Coillpa~~ies of the 16t h
N. I , under Ci ~pt . Gravcs, were pariided for the purpose of
taking possessioll of it. At itboot 5 I?. nl. the troops enter-
cd the bonts, accompnnied by Major Genl. Sir TV. Cotton
ilnd staff, ant1 t he boats rcaclled tlie fort in abont half an
hour. When two-thirds of the nrny across the river, wc S ~ I V
the gnrrisou in thcir bonts, 11;rlf across the river. The
troops landetl, and the setting sun slione or1 thc British Flag.
A hag of gunponvler was tillten by thc party in thc boi ~t s
t o l~low open the gate hat1 it been required, undcr t l ~c slil)cr-
intcndance of Ciipt. A. Abbot, Arty. T l ~ c trei1t.y for t he pos-
sessiol~ of the fort had arrived on the night of thc 25th ;
so that four days hat1 elilpsed, a i ~ d the delay mas imputed
by sollle to a desire on the Ameer's part, not to fnlfil his
agreement ; but, I believe, he had 110 such intention. Tl i c
people in the fort did not like, as I was informed by Si r A.
Burncs, to give up the lreys of the fort t o tiny b11t to tliosc
fro111 ~vhoni they had received then1 : this caused dcluy on
the 29th: but resistirnce tvils cluitc out of tllc cluestioll ; bc-
cause tllcre were only about 20 or 30 mcn in the place, wit11
one old gun ; al ~t l besides, \ve could hnve crossed over in
bods ;ind hrrsc breached it fro111 SuX'klir, nliel-e thc 1.ivcr is
niirronr. (9) The troops were in orders to march for lov7cr
Sintlh oil tlie 30th Jan. Brigadier Roberts was ordercd to
(9)
01. I I I I B ~ ~~t t ~i c ke d it from Roh,.ea (scc 1)al.n. 7). Lietlt. Wood of
the Indian Navy, Supt. of bonts, went in his boat, ;ind it \rns i~greutl
that 11c sl~ould nliilte i r signnl wl ~en t l ~cy left, l ' l ~e fort wns e\rncunte(l,
the si g~i i ~l wits not soon. It wirs agreed tlint tlie fli~g of tlla Amecr
shoultl, irlso, be l~oistetl as well ns the Uritisl~ ; for we wcro o~l l )' to
I)z\'o I ) ~ S S ~ ~ " ~ O I I of the fort (luring tlie ailr. 'I'lie real cnusc for the
(1cl;ly \V:IS, 1 bclicve, onring to some tlilntory forms, or eti ~l ~~otte, {ol l
the pitrt of tllc people, for tliere wi ~s not the loilst sho~v of rusistiulcc.
11 a
assume commalld of t hc Posts of Rohree and Bnkkur (in
which :r, force ~=vas placed) and adjacent coulltry, ou thc left
bank of the I ~ t d ~ s ; ~ m d t o move his brigade nearer t o Rohrce
and the river, and take up a military position. The storcs,
kc. left by the different brigades mere directed to be placed
in the fort. The treasure not required, was left here, like-
wise. (10) It was at one time s ug~es t cd to send down
some troops by water, to Hyderabnd; but :I sufficient iluln-
ber of 1)oats mere not procumhle : and it woultl 11:lr.e I ~een
~~nl vi s e to have brolien up the bridge for sucb a purpose.
6. The town of Rohree.-The streets of t he town are full
of filth : ~nd so narrow, that ~lleetiilg n c:umel, ('kc. you :Ire
oblized to tl1r11 into a cross-street. The houses arc all built
of s ~u l - b u n ~c briclis, some have 3 or 4 stories, pnrticuli~rly
those looliing to~v;lrtls Bnliliur. Descentlil~g a steep slope
through tlie gateway, you come to a sn~~dy- r oad, with the
rocli on which Rohree is bnilt, 011 your left, a~i t l sererill iso-
lated roclis 011 your rig!it ; i ~ l t l ill fi.ollt is il grove of dnte-
trees on i\ rising slope. The river when fillet1 by the frevl~es
]);IS \vasl~etl the rock on which 1Zoliree stands, so colnpletely
away, t hat men coulil wallc under tlie ovcr-lianging ton.11.
The roclis to t he right were ilccesuiblc, thong11 evitlently
-islands in the time of the fresl~es : ilnd 011 one of the111 were
tlie bones of all t he chiefs arid warriors of Rohree and Buk-
Iiur; passing these, yon come to the river. Tlie boats i ~s ed
are flat-bottomed, high in the stern, ant1 the hull out of all
proportion to tlie uppel- works, built i n three pieces ; the
bottom and the two sides li~liletl together ; so tllirt if heavily
Iarlen, the bottom is apt to fill1 out, u~ilesv there be a pres-
sure on tlie upper part of the sides, to keep tlie~ll benrinp
on the bottom.
(10)
3 Gnns of No. 6, Field (or Cirmcl) Bntterymero to-day order-
ed to be ntti~clied to the 1l.tli Bi-igntle, nrld n lleg-t. of N. I. fi-om it w; ~s
directed to m:ircli bnclc to Uzeerpoor (one miircl~) to escort tile triii~i
to camp. The Brigadier wns nuthoriseti to nppoint :I Poet I\laster to
keep up the com~nuuicntion ~vi t l ~ the :rrmy; and to report to Hd. Qrs.
direct.
Fort of Bztkkur. 2 1
Tlie town of Rolirce lias becii of much conscqueilce, a i ~r l
wide-spread rnitis prove its for~i l cr extent nnd magnificc~ice.
At l ~r ese~l t , it is sitid t o cot1tni1l2,OOO houses about 8,000
inllitbitants; six ~ni l es fro111 i t is the still more ancient capi-
tal of Ayo~e, wherc ;L Hi ndu Raj a once reigned i n grertt
splcntlonr ; the ruins occupy x space of four iililes in deytll,
and thc same in lellgth. "The 1Mee?.zunl~ cit~ii\l runs froill
t he Indus S. for 90 ~i ~i l es , ant1 is lost i n tlie sauds." (11)
Itohrcc is see11 3 or 4 iililcs bcfol-e yon reach t hc river,
and all a t once strikes the mind i n an ilnposiiig m:\n-
nor. (12)
7.
T'Jw F o ~ t of &tklru~.-When mitliin 3 or 4 lnilcs of
t hc Indns, a11 a t once Rohree, 13uklilll; ant1 tlie dcep, bronc1
~vi ndi l ~g Itidus, burst on t he view. Pi.om thc right flows t l ~ e
mighty stream, slveepi~ig from a nlngnificeiit reitch, roiit~tl
t he island of B,ttkkztr, and dividing i t froin the town of IZOJL-
Tee. Pile above pile rear tlicir hcads on the island. Thi s
is t he fort built by Alexctnder the Great, t o bridle surrou~lcl-
i ng nations. Liezbt. Leacl ~, of t he Boml):y Engineers, gives
t he follo~ving descril~tion of tlie f or t in liis report t o ,Govt.
in 1838.
CC I t is situated on an island i n t he Indus, between Rolwee
on thc E. bank, a i ~ d t he village of Szdkkur 011 tllc T:Tr. near
t o t he l at t er; i t is conveniently situated, and if remorlcllctly
mould be ul excellent situi~tioil for troops ; i t is built in t h e
us~t al manner, partly of bnrnt ant1 partly of unburnt l~riclis,
and its malls ar c 30 t o 35 feet Iiiqll ; tlic clcvntio~l of t h c
islsntl oil which i t staiids above t hc rivci. is 25 f eet ; it is
lool~holed, aiid h:ts a weal< parapet ; on the E. tliere is a11
m~tiiiished ,fazcsse-6~nye without a t e~~eyl ei n, act i ng uncrcly
(11)
Bu~.nes, vol. 111. p. 260.
(12)
" Here is the castle bui l t by Cvntcrus toa~ve jl.frcsicr~nu.r ant1 his
city.
From this 11e ni:rrclled out \\,it11 his clel)l~ants a1111 stnto, to rlo
liuin:~ge to Alc.randar, and fro111 this, after Itis revolt, 11e wi~s Icd fol.tll
in clleins 1)y P!jMon, and crucifietl in Itis own cluminions, wit11 t l ~c
Srnclln~anes," (B~.oAmins) " \r,llo 11:rd i~~tluced l i i m to rebel." ( ~ h i l c n ,
Book Gth, cllaptcrs 14 to IS.)
ns
screen to part of the fort w:tlls ; it looks, Iiomever, ini-
from wilhout, with its turrets ant1 loop-holes; tliere
is ;\ lo\v parapet wit11 to the west. I t is coiiimn~idetl by llie
city nf Rohrec, wlierc an eiifilntliiig bitttery would be ndvnn-
tageously erected, to cover t he occupntio~i of t he islnnd to
tile N. of tlie fort, well screened by 1:lrge trees, from mllicli
isla~id tlie escaladilig party could cross with no difficulty ;
as there is no current. There is at present a garrison of
abotit 10 illell and one ~ I I I ~ oil the ramparts, (13) n~hicli
have bee11 p:lrtly destroyed by its disclial.ge ! Tlie inside is
ill ruins, there being only n few huts, :md :L bril~gnlo~v
of the Aiiieer of Ii l i yrpoor; the m:ignaine in tiliie of
siege." ( 14)
8. ~Mnrcl~ lowards HyderaBnd, (30th Jan. 183U).-Major
Gai l . Sir Mr. Cottoil rvitli the Hd. Ql-s. niarclierl this lnorn-
iiig from tlie camp a t Rol ~r ce ; while Sir H. Fane, with a
suitable escort, nccomp:inietl I)y tlie staff, r n e ~ ~ t to Ichypoor
t o return tlie Anleer's visit. This place Isas a. few niiles to
the left of our route. After tlie visit Sir I-Ienry r et ur ~i ed to
his boats a.t Rohree; and Si r W. Cotton and St i ~ff j oi ~i ed
tlie camp.
(13)
Tllisgun was on a bilstion (nl~el-e the Rag was I~oisted) ft~cing
towilrtls our camp.
(14)
He adds, "the Sir~dl~ians h i ~ v o a Itnowledge of sand-bag-
I~etteries ; ant1 of tlriving galleries, \vl~icll they supl)ort wit11 frirn~e-
nork i n loose grooncl."
'l'lle nt111s are snit1 to be ten feet tl~iclr, ant1 ages of aecumuli~tetl
filtll hnd ritised the p111tforn1 inside so much, tl~at the ascent by t he
a;ue-\vtly, \rns one of great difficulty to some n-110 rnel~t to tillce posses-
sion of the Fort on the 29th January, 1939. The fort is about SO0 by
300 yards long.
Suklrur is ttbuut half s milo from the right bank of tlle river. Tl ~e
place is one of esteusive rui11s; I)ut to~vel'si, 1) i ~~t i ons nlos(lues,
nntl minarets, arc still st;rncling, the Iittter in perfect ortler, i111d
giving :ui ustcnsivc view of the s~~r r o~~ndi ng country, Tl ~e presellt
vill;~ge 11;ls itbout 100 I~ouses :tncl 500 in11al)itnnts. Slli~11 Iillnir Deen
lie I ) I I ~ ~ ~ I , is it nios(lne built to co~l~~nernori~te the memory of Iillirir
Dcen, rvl~o ~nnde Irimself Slli111 ; itnd that of his sun Peerun Peer ICti,
\rho lies besidc his firtl~er.
Tllc order of n1arc11 was as follo~vs :-
I . I Sq~~: t dr on of Cilva11.y. 5. 1 Itcgt. N. I.
2. 1-1. M.'s 13th Lt . Illfy. 6. 2 Rests. of Ci~vy.
3. Tl i e Artillery. 7. T l ~ e Di~ggage.
4 3 S~l ~i t ( l r 011~ of Cnvnlry. 8. 1 Regt. N. I. (15)
r 1
1 he road for tlie first six miles was so s t r oi ~g witli ci~closed
-
~valls, ditclics, and forest, t l i ; ~t 3 or 400 resolute incn rnigl~t
lrave annoyed 11s m~i c h 011 our innrcli, by firing fro111 bcl~ind
tllc ~valls ; ;ts we could i ~c~t , as i t was, movc on quickly. 'l'l~c
rocid wi ~s IliIrro\r, a11d vcry bat1 ; t he ciumcls of the 9-pr.
Lieltl l)nt4tery fell illto ti ditch ; tund before tlic ~vitter-coursc!~
rould be crossed, t he pioneers were obliged t o be employctl.
We siirv it small camp of liorscmen at a short distallce on
the right of t l ~ c road, after we had pnsscd t he nlost enclosed
part of t he rond, but met with no enemy, or opposition,
011 our march townrtls Hydcrnbad. We e~l cnmped o11 rather
ope11 groand ; ant1 fount1 t he rest of our marc11 in Lower
Sindh, t o require t he aid of tlie piollcers.
9. The Bombay Kesewe l i bme in Sir~dh.-On tlie 3r d Feh.
IS39, the Uolnbay rescrve force of itbout 3,000 men latided
a t IcuracItee on t he Sea Coast, about 50 nriles to the N, nlid
;I little to t he W. of the Hlljnmree mouth of t he I~irlus, where
Sir J. ICcnne had laiided on the 27th November, 1838.
IiuracAee town, according to Col. Pottiiigcr and Cnpt. Mnx-
well, of the Indian Navy, lies a considerable distalwe from
the anchornge, and tlie cliaiinel t o i t is narrow, wid very slion-
l y even for boitts at low water ; t he fortif cations of the tow11
are very mean and irregular, being i n sonle placcs not above
five or six feet high, and even there so brolierl down, that i~
horse~nan rnigllt ride t o t he t op of t l ~el n ; wllilc in othcrs
they are lofty nlld kept ill excellent repair; tlie wliole itre
built of mud aild s t r ; ~m; and the side townrtls thc crcclz,
wllicli flows u p froin t he heat1 of Llie harbour, tlle works iire
f;~cetl, to ;i certain height, with masollry. A fort built i n
1797 on t he promoiltory tlint fornls the wcsterii side of tlic
(1.5)
011 subseq~ient d;~ys, the I-I. A. and Cr~\rjr, aront in ;rdvilnce,
and tho rust of tlic troops i n scpnrnte columns.
34 Opernlions on Riyhl Bank.
B;ry, is judiciously l ~l nced t o tlefentl t he ent r i ~uce. (16) T l ~ e
Silltlll reserve force l anded urltlcr t he fire of I-I. M.'s ship
~. r~l l t . sl cy of Fk gul l s (17) wit11 sliglit oppositiotl. Tl i e fort
jircc] i nt o her, when she bro~iglil; lier broadsi de t o bear, aud
ii is said l ~e a r l y recluced t he parapet s and bast i oi l s t o one
level. (IS)
10. Operatioms on right Banlc of the Indus, ( 4t h Feb.
1839.)-At about tlie ti111e t hat t he Beng:rl col omn was
ortlered to ~nar cl i clown tlie lcjt bank, Maj or G e ~ ~ e r i ~ l Siiup-
son, wi t h i~ par t of t he S~UIL' S force, n~nr cl i ed fro111 S1tiX.a~-
~ O O T clow~i tlie ?.iyAt bnl ~l r of t he Indus, i ~ ~ d t ook Lu~*kl ~ana,
bcl ongi l ~g t o tlie Allleers of I-1ycler:~bad. Thi s pl;rce is 52
~neas ur ed inilcs f r om Sliikarpoor, ;riid our coli\ mn was
p e t t y nearl y paral l el to Lnrlthana. TVe t ook t he di rect
(16)
There were various opinions as to the practicability of the
apl)roi~d~ of a large ship so as to cover the landing of troops. Col.
Pt~llinger sapposetl that no ship could approncli it with impunity, anti
certainly not wit11 effect; for her guns would require to be so elevirtetl,
to avoid strilting the llill, tlrat nine shots out oE tell \rould pilss over
and hrll illto tile sea on the opposite side.
Litzit. LeacI~ (Bon~bay Engineers) remnrlted, " The same cause
~vould undoubtedly screen her from the fire of tlie fort, but as she
would be close under the hill, her decks might be cleared by mntch-
lockmen, \r.lio \vould be completely protected by the masses or" roclc ;
and, therefore, in the event of its ever becomingnecessi~ry to talce this
jllece, the only plan would Be, to 1:rnd troops nt some distance fi,oln it,
nntl carry it by esculnde."
Dr. Lo ~ d who visited Iiuracllee in 1538, says that, '< t l ~ere mere I 1
guns in the fort, \vliich could have 110 effect on a vessel going into the
harbour, owing to the partial degree of their depression ; there \Viis
then, no garrison, but a few d:~gs zrfter 13 rnen arrived to defend i t ;
after passing the fort, however, there is a tllretl gun-btrttery level wit11
the water. There is no road from the fort to the toan, the p o u ~ i d
being a marslr. There is no 1)ariL road when the tide is oat, from the
landing-place to tile town, which is there tllree miles distant; the
only hard road by wllich troops, w11en Inllded, could approacl~ the
town, is from the E.; but tile possibility of landing tllere, Ilils not been
i~scertainetl by aoc~nding."
(17)
Reni- A11111I. Sir P. k1:~itlilnd commanded t l ~c Nirv;rl Force ;
ant1 Brigr. Villiant, the troops.
(18) 'l'lris nclvs 011ly reached Sir W. Cotton's colun~ri on the 91,lr
Februnrj~, 1839.
Coz~~~t er- ~1. I~rcl ~- Freat y Signed. 25
YOL I L C for Nonsliera, ii~stead of l i ~ i ~ l ~ h i ~ ~ g by the river route.
The placc was found evacuated on tlie General's approach ;
it is a great iilirrt for rice; and thc place where the Anlecrs
k q ~ t their artillery.
Sir J. Iceane had been detaincd at JcrriBll (19) two
marches from Hyderzibad ever since tlic 25th January ; but
this diiy he reached ICotre uenr IIyderabad.
Tlie horses hi d coiiiinciiced to fill1 OR' in condition, and
tliiv day an order nl ns issurd for t he commissariirt t o scrve
011t riltioll~ of eight seers (15 lbs.) of Burbee (20) per liorse
of tlie 1-1. A. and C:tvalry, wlienever there mils a scarcity of
grass, or forage of inferior description. (21) The Bengal
Europciin Rcgt. attached to the 4th Brigade, and tlie Engi-
neers liad bee11 ordered to join our coluuni, as Xi?. J. Iicane
had now directed oils advance, it bcing considered t hat
operations against IIydernbad, and it siege were inevitable.
Thc Eiigiueers and supplies were ordered down by t he
river ; ancl supplies were, also, t o be sent by land, to
join us.
1 I. Counte~ma~~cl of our ilfa?.ch-Trcaly signed-ordered
bad, (6th Feb. 1839.)-We had to-day arrived at Kliun-
dearee seven marches from Roliree, and four from Noushe-
m, at which latter place the country of the Anleers of I-Zy-
derabad commences ; and which is about half-may between
Rohree and I-Ipderabad. At half-past 10 o'clock a t night,
our march for the nest day was cooutermanded; and t he
baggitge, which Iiircl gone on in advance, was ordered
back. (22) Thc Aillcers of I-Iydernbad had signed tlle treaty
~vhich Col. Pottinger was anxious to effect, ~vitliout having
recourse to hostilities. Tlle columns in our rear were
(19) This w l~eartl on the Stli February, 1839.
(20) I t is tlie stalk of n grain, ririd given to bulloclts in Beng:~I,
and oftori to Iiorses in the south of Indin.
(21)
The officer at the l~entl of the &r. Mr. Genl!s Dcpt. to :lscev-
t:iiri and certify the necesssity; and the Dy. Cy. Genl. to niitke ar-
r:lngcments for its collection, anti issno, on indu~its duly vouched.
(2)
Tlie country between Roliree and Noushorn, belorigs to the
Atiieers of ICl~yrpoor, wit11 whom we had made a treaty.
B
. .
, ,
Crossing the hdu~.
ordered to stand fast ; aiid tlle troops, kc. ordered to join
- .
us, were directed to stanrl fast at Roliree. On the 9t h Feb-
ruary, we were ordered to retrace our steps, and the qSeizr
,,
colunlns now becuine tlie 2eadin.g oties, on the mnrch back
'
to Rohree.
12. 0rdeEel.s for crossing /?re B~i dge of' Bouts oveEel. the
Indus, (9th Feb. 1539).-Brigadier Roberts,Coing.at Roliree,
mas directed t o inove tlie ord~ialice and co~ilnlissariat stores
across tlle river. On tlie 10th Februilry, the Baggage Mas-
ter mas ordered t o proceed to Rohree to arrange with t he
Cliief Engineer in comm~uiication with t he Dy. Qr. Mr.
Genl. for the p:tssage of tlie troops and baggage across tlie
river.
Tlie Artillerg and O~cZnance Stows were ordered t o be
passed across tlie Bridge by manu;~I 1;tboul; or to be ferried
over the river in rnfts, as tlie Chief E~l gi i i eer night tliinlr
lit. Tlie troops crossed by Brigades. Tlie baggage of Brigades
was to be collected by regiments, and to move in rear of tlie
troops, i n the order of corps, the baggage of each regiment
under an European officer, with a sulall detail of local horse.
Tlie wliole of t he troops, baggage, bazars, and cattle, llad
all crossed by tlie 18th February, over the Bridge, without
a single accident ; for which the Baggage Master, (Cupt.
T~oup) mas thnnlred in orders. (93)
13.
TAeBridge of Boats.-The Bengal Engineers, under
Capt. G. Thomson, and t he two conlpanies of sappers ?nd
miners, under Cnpt. E. Santlers of t he sanie corps, had
preceded t he head-quarter colnnln, under Major General
Sir W. Cotton, about a week, for the purpose of cutting and
collecting wood, and preparing nlaterinls (24) with ~vliich
(23)
'l'lie troops from Lower Silidl~ moved across the Bridge and
at Sulilc~~r, to wllich the road lny to the left. \Be left the
town of Rohrec to our right. The troops \\,ere directed to ninrch fronl
~ ~ l & u r .
The 2nd Brigade was ordered to move on the 16tli. ?'he 1st
Briga(le on the 17tll.
Tile 4th brigade 1111 the 18th instmt ; nnd tlie
H. A. Cav:alry irnd I-1e:td-Qoarters on the 19th February, 1839.
(24)
There were plenty of Iil~tljoor (palm) trees i n the vicinity of
Sul(kur on tlie right bnnlt of tlic river; to which side they crossedover.
X/te Bridge of Boats. 27
t o fonn a road across the boats to for111 the Briclgc. Boats
liad been pr evi o~l s l ~ collected there. Tlle 13ridge mas com-
menced first over thc narrowest part of thc river, or from
t he right bank a t Suklrur to tlie ixli~nd on whicll t he fort of
Bukkur stands. The advantages of this selection were as
follow :-lst, Materials \orre 1110s t easily procured close t o
Sukkur. 2nd, Shilrarpoor being only two marches from tlie
right b i d , it cnabled them to liold commu~lication wit11
t hat placc and the Shah's forcc ; and as me mere e~lcanlped
a t Rohree, on the left bank, ol)erations could be aided from
both sidcs of thc river. 3rd. The watcr being slack on t he
right bnnlr, the operation mas nlore easily effected. 41h, It
established a direct commnnication from thc right b i ~l k to
the island on which the fort of Bukkur stands. Now as this
portion of the Bridge was finished bcfore me got possessior~
of Bnkkur ; i t is clear that, the plan itdopted mould have
enxblcd us t o attacli it fro111 Sukkur, as well as from
Rohree. (25)
The extent of river bridged was 500 yards; 74 large boats
were used in its formation, being 19 from Suliltur on t he
rigltt bank to the Island, and 55 boats from the Island t o
Rohree on the Zej? bank.
There were two pier-heads and 19 boats of an average of
220 maunds (about 80 lbs. each) on the sinaller or western-
streail), 400 feet broad ; and two pier-heads and 55 boats,
average 500 ~nnunds, on the largest or eastern-branch of
t he river, which was 1,100 feet broad.
The two branches being 1,500 feet, or 500 yards of river
bridged.
The western-bmnch was bridged in four days. On the
eastern, i t took 16 days; but had all the boats been ready,
i t night, and would have bee11 colllpleted in ten (lays. So
that the operation was the actual work of 14 days ; and t he
two bridges were rezidy on the 3rd February, 1839.
14, Thanks to tlte Engineers.-On the 15th Peb. 1839,
on the arrival of Major General Sir W. Cotton, .cvitl~ t he
( 25)
See Lieut. Leech's opinion at note 16.
E 2
stnlf at Szdkku~ or1 our return fro111 Lower Si~iclli, 11e issuetl
an order prai si l ~g Ciipt. Thomson, the C11ie.f Engineer, and
j
+ 1
Cnpt. E. Saoders, Coing. the silppers nnd ininers, for tlie ad-
1
mirnble manner, in ~vliicli they hat1 performet1 the arduous
1
~lndertaking in forming t he bridge of boats over t he lndus,
]
and for the military sltill and itbilities evincetl on t he occir-
1
sion ; nntl returned llis thanlts to t he officers and me11
cogngecl o~~ the morl;. 011 the 161h fih~uwy 13. E. Geiie-
'
1.i~l Sir H. Fane, Comn~nnder-in-Chief in Incliil, issued t hc
following order : (Para. 4.) IJe feels it jnst, Illore pnrticu-
.
larly to notice t he Corps of Bengiil Engineers, and the
sappers. Tlie n>nnner i n ~v l ~i c h tliey linve c o ~ ~ ~ p l e t e d t h e
important ~vorlr of throwing n Bridge over tlie Inc2,us (490
yitrtl~), (26) reflects ar eat credit on their sltill and t l ~ei r in-
dustry; and 13. E. requests thnt Capt. Tl~omsoii, t he Chief
(2G)
?'he ground between the trro bridges was about 300 yart l ~.
The best boats : ~nd n~itteri:\ls, were used in the I:~rgo bridge which
extendetl from the left Bi~nlc to the island, where t l ~ e stream mils rapid,
\vith many etltlios. Th e smaller bridge from the isli~nrl t o t he right
bank, bird the planlts covered wit11 elrrth. Great precaution was nsed
by the Baggage Master to prevent crowding on the bridge. I-I. IM.'~
16th Lancers rode over.
'l'11u great object, i n crossing a bridge, i s t o
avoid crowding on it, so as t o have the =hole of the road-w:~y coveretl
a t oizce.
Infual~y, if
n very close compact order, weigh more than t he
same space occupied by Ct ~vahy, as the spaces betmeen t he I~orses,
being greater than betwee11 men, t he weight of C:~valry is proportion-
ably less. I t is even said, t hat if a given ext ent of bridge be occupietl
by a gun, I ~o~ses, 4c. they bear with less weight on it, thr111 s close
column of Inf i rnt ~y. In innny cases, Cirvalry dismount, if tile bridge
has a weal< road-may, or tho bonts ar e not strong. Cavalry, there-
fore, should pass over by single files, as if the stretlm be strorlg a l ~ d
rushes with violence against the boats, t he horses are apt to be
frightened. I?L$J. ssllould generally pass over by llrrees, or by sn~al l
sections, wit11 proper intervals between. Cnrtlels, kc. should pirss over
singly, and if unsteady, their lo:rds must be tnltei~ ofi. I f llorses are
unsteady ant1 likely t o fight by going two breast, confusion rvill
be created. See Capt. 3Iacnuley (111. Engineers) on AIily. Bridges.
The river rose on t ho 27th Jan. before i t \v:lu firlished; and after-
wards on t he 3rd Feb. 1939, when dengcr for i t s safety was ilppre-
llended.
l<nginecr, and tlic coinniissioncd, N. C. 0. nild soldiers
~i nder his coulmiiild, concci.ned i n the ~vorli, will accept I.liu
tllillllts."
15. Siy H. Fane's o ~ d e ~ on Inking 1eaae.-G. 0. by H.
E. Gcnl. Sir I-I. Fane, G. C. B. and G. C. I-I. Comr.-ill-
Chief i n India. I-Id. Qrs. Bellgal Column of tlic Ar my of
the Indus, Camp, Buliknr, IGtll Peb. 1839.
I.--'( H. E. t he Comr.-in-Chief being i ~bout t o leave tlie
Bellgal Colii~llii of t he hr nl y of the Indus, in his progress
where liis dnty calls liim ; feels i t due to t he troops, previ-
ous to his departnre, t o record wl~srt he 11:~s witnessed of their
conduct, during their march from Arozpoor illto Sindlb, (27)
t o liolcl i t up, as an example for tlieir brother soldiers, oil
id1 occasions.
2.-'( The escellent discipline and good be11:ivionr of tlie
troops have conciliated t he inhabitants of t he country wlier-
cvcr thejl hil'ire 1xisscd, and he i s glad to be ablc t o point oltk
the consequences. These liave bcen, not oiily tlle esaltn-
tion of their fame and character as soldiers, but these circnm-
stances have greatly condnced t o their yerso~i al ad~;-lr~tilge,
becaiise the confitleuce of the inhabitants, which such good
conduct has produced, ha* led t o their freely resorting t o
onr camps with t he produce of their villac~es, by which
means we have been free froill a11 wants :ind p r i v a ~i o ~~s .
3.-"H. E. desires, t hat t he olficers of ill1 rnnlis and
depnrtlnelits will accel)f. the expression of his rrpl)robsf.ion
of their zeal, i~11d OF t he gootl esample tliey have set." (28)
16. Bukku~--lb~ce IN1 ba tlw Fo~L.--~I'lle 35t h Uciignl
N. I. lviis clirectctl t o st;ind fast in the fort of Bulilrur, until
arnulgeinents were iniuile for i t s relief; and Lient.-Col. Mon-
teat11 ordered to correspoii(1 direct with t he IIeiid Bilnrters
of tlie colunm.
(27)
l'lte Army hnd mnrcl~otl 600 miles, incl~lding 145 tniles clo~vn
to lower Sirid11 trrid b~rclc to Sulckor.
(2s)
Sir I-I. Fane left us on the 18tll Feb. 1539, nnd proceetletl by
water clown the Jntlus to Bombay; wl~ere he esti~blislled liis klcntl
Qui~rters. I l i ~ 1e:rving the a1.mp was mucli regrettod 1,). 11s irll. I-lo
lltrd ;ill intervio\v wit11 Sir J. lienne, on his way down.
30 Dep61 and Baggage.
A sick DepGt was directetl to be estnblislied :it Szl l cl c~?~,
allc\ :r proper supply of nledicilies and surgical instrunients
to be left. The recovered inen in llospital were sent to join
tlieir corps.
A Fort Adjutant was appointetl, and Lieut. Lau,ohtou,
Bengal Engineers, to be Garrison Engineer, to receive in-
strlictions from the Chief Engineer; and to be under tlie
commandant of the fort.
Tlie heavy baggage of tlie Cavalry Brigade, which could
not conveniently be carried on, was directed to be deposited
*
in the f or t ; and to be sent in empty boats proceeding to
Ferozpoor, where it was to be'lodgetl.
Tlie Colnmandant of the fort of Bukkur was authorized
to disburse treasure from the militilry chest (29) for tlie
public service, \vitliout refer~nce, on any emergency ; pay-
rnents to be made in presence of the Ft. Adjt. (30)
The Bridge of Boats was directetl to be niade over t o Lieut.
Wood, of the Indian Xavy, and to be kept up till Shi ~h
Shoojah's Artillery should have crossed to the right b;lnI< ;
the larger bridge, or that in tlie illaiil bmnch, was then to
be brolten up, I I) most suitable boats to be used for n PL'TTIJ,
either at Rolwee, or Uzee%poor. (31) Tlie reinaiiider of tlle
boats to be made over t o the Commissariat Department for
transport ofgrain, kc. The other rnnterinls to be deposited in
the fort, under charge of the Gnrrisoii Engineer, for t he pub-
lic service. Tlie sm:tller bridge to be kept up as long as
practicable, to facilitate the communication with Bultliur ;
( 90)
Treasure mas left i n the fort, and was to be afterwards
forwarded t o the al.nly in charge of t he 36th N. I. when relieved by a
Bombay colaps.
(30)
Triplicnte receipts, t he original and duplicate to be sent to t he
Field Pay Mr. the triplicate, ret : ~i r~ed by the Corndt.
(31)
Distnrlt about 11 n~i l es higher up the river. On tlre 6t h March
i t tvi~s published in orders t hat Lient. Wood I. N. had m:~tle nrrange-
ments for a bont to leave Sulikur on t he 15tl1, and another on t he 1st of
April; after which, n boat was to leave on the 1st of ench montll; and
tllat :IS soon as a boat leaving Suklcur could reach Ferozpoor., t he san~e
iirrangement wo111d t ake place there.
Bengal and Bombay Columns. 3 1
and when necessary to break it up, the bonts to be timans-
ferred t o the Commissariat, and the materials to the Gar-
rison Engiiieer.
17.
T/le Bengal and Boniba? Columns-A~my of Iridzis.-
Lieut.-Genl. Sir John Iceane, I<* C. B. and Q. C. I-I. Con1r.d
in-Chief of the Bombay army, and in con~mand of the forces
i n Sindh, was now, to assiinle the coinnlaiid uf the 6 C A ~ m y
of tlre Indfu," which occasiolied the following arrnngenlents
t o be made. The whole of the Cavalry (Betigal and Bom-
biig) as origiiinlly intended, were to for111 a division under
the co~n~nari d of Major Genl. Thackmell. Tile rvliole of the
Artillery (Bengnl a i d Bombay) t o be under Brigr. Steven-
son, Boinbay Arn~y. The Infantry of tlie Bengnl column, to
be denominated t he 1st Infy. Division, ulldcr t he pcrsoiit~l
conl~nand of Major Genl. Sir W. Cottoil; (32) tlic infantry
of the Bonlbay column, to be the 2nd divisioil under Major
Genl. Willshire.
Mtljor Parsons (Dengal) Dy. Commy. Geiil. Wilrj directcd
to assume a general control over the Coiniuissariat of the
Bengnl and Bolabay columns ; and Capt. G. Thonlson, Cliief
Engineer of the Bengal column, becaine the chief Engilleer
of the " Army of the Indus." There were no other staff
arrirngemen ts made. (33)
I t wiis subsequently notified (34) that the 15th Peb. 1839
was the period from which the Native Troops, a ~l d pernia-
ricnt establisllnleilts of both p~esidevlcies, were t o be placed
on a footing of perfect equality in regard t o pay and allow-
;ulces : being the date on \v11ich the Ilead Quarters of the
(311)
Sir \V. Cotton commsnded tlie BengnIcolilmn t i l l si r J. ICenne
j oi ~~ed 118 at Quettit on the 6th April, 1839, wl~en Sir \V. C. nssumed
the corllnlnnd of the 1st Dirisioi~ ; nnd klajor Genl. Nott, reverted t o
the co~nniand of the 2nd Urigirde.
(33)
The 111t.e Miijor Keith, D. A. G. Bonlbny Army, ni~d Major N.
Cnn~pl'ell, Depy. Qr. hlr. Genl. Uombny Army, were seniors in theil.
Deptr. t o Major Crrligie and Garden, of the 13engal nrnly, ~vl ~i ch is
the rule by wl~icll depart nl e~~t al seniority is governed, while Ii eut .
Col. 11. I\lncdonsld, was D. A. G. Queen's Iroops, Bombity, irnd Mily.
Secy. to Sir J. ICeane.
(34) On Sir J. Kesne's joining u s (6th April 1839).
Be7Lgal colnnln wcre cstnblished on the right banlt of the
I7zdus. ( 35)
18. Bcnyal Column awi z ~e d at Sliiknrpoor.-The train of '
miurclied into Shikarpoor on t he lGLh of Feb. 1829.
,
The 2nd, Brignde of Infantry reached i t on tlic 17t h Feb.
Tlie 1st Brigade of Iilfiliitry 011 the 18th Feb. Tlie 4t h
Brigade on tlle I9tli : and the Head Quarters, t he I-I. A.
and Cnv:tlry Brigntle on the 40th Fell. IS39, where we found
thc S l i ~ ~ I ~ , Mr. ~l : i cNnght e~i , the Envoy :uid Minister nt
his court; aiid tlie Shah' s contingent, comni:uicicd by hlajor
'
Ge~l eral Sillipson.
The Chief Engineer ~v a s tlireced to enterlaill 300 bildnrs
for the pnrpose of malting roads ; as the s;q>peiqs and miners
'
were required for otlier duties. Preparations were n o ~ v to be
made for t he advance of tlie troops. Tlie Bolltbily ~011111111
mas about 15 marches i n our re:lr at Lulikee, one iilarcli on
the other side of Sewun. The Dy. Cornmy. Generernl, Major
Parsons, wislied to liilve remained about 20 days a t Sliikai--
poor, to enable us to st art witli the greatest possible qnantity
of supplies ; but i t was urged, that it was highly espedient
to push on to tlie Bolun Puss to secure it ns sooil as possi-
ble. \Ire mere just 10 marches from Dadilr a t tlie e~itrallce
to the pass, 18 marclics from Quettn, and 32 niarches from
Caiidaliar. Yo doubt i t was expedient to move on to t he
pass, and to nlove through it, but as t he Slinli had reachecl
Sltiliarpoor a mont h before us, the Chiefs of Ci~lidaltar liad
;unple time to liave itlade 22 marches t o occupy the pass, to
which they must liave known the invading force t o be so
near. I t bvas proposed by one party that n brigade of In-
fantry only slioultl be sent on in advance to occupy t he pass;
but as it could not be know11 wlietlier Dost Maliolnetl
Iilian would joili tlie Crrnciahar Chiefs, (36) and wlie-
(35) The Bombay troops were on the right bnclc of the Indus the
\vhole time.
(SG)
I n 1S3:I- when S h d ~ Shoojnh \vent to Cilndiihnr, in his last
attempt t o recover hi s tl ~ror~e, Dust &I\.~nhonietl rlitl march fi om C;lbool
to Cnndirl~ilr, \vherc 11c dcfci~tetl, i~ntl put t l ~u S11nl1 tu llight. The dis-
tllcr t hey might; not both h i l r ~ cont cst cd for t he possession
of t he Pas s ;-grei~t caut i on w;ls requi red ill rislring ill1 ad-
vnncc mitllout tlie llleails of a n inlinedinte support . (37)
Th e Bolllbny col umn hal t ed a t Larkhal za ni ne dnys (from
3 r d 60 l l t h March), and 10 dilys at Gt6)~Java (21st t o 30t h
Milrch) after t he t r e; ~t y had beell si gned a t Hyt l crabad : i ~ut l
if Si r J. I c e me coul d ]lave p ~ ~ s l i c d on \vitll hi s escort fro111
Larkl ~nna, (38) he niould lill,ve reached &,~,etta by tlie t i mc
we did-\vhel.ens we lind t o linlt there, from tlic 27t h &I:trcl~
t o t he 6 t h Apri l 1839-1 1 days, by wllicll me consunlecl our
snpplies, i ~ n d were obliged t o be p u t 011 11nlf mtioiis. (39)
19. SJiika?poos..-'l'lie t own of Sliikarpoor cont ai ~i s nhout
G,000 llouses ;uld 30,000 illhabitants, t he Ilouses a r c a11
bui l t of I ~ I I I ~ , and it is n di rt y pl i ~ce. It is a plilce of muc h
resort, a i d t he first of i mport ance betnlecil Rol l ree and
Dildur, licar tlie entr;ulce t o t l i e Bolnn Pilss. It has sollie
preteilsions t o trade, but llollc t o consideriltion f r om i t s
titnCe from Cftl)ool t o Cnndallnr is 29 marches. I-Ind Ile (lone NO ]Ie
rtligl~t have etiected more for his cause tllnri tnitlting a stand i ~ t Ghuz-
nee !
(37) From the natoro of tile pnss, the cnttle wor~ld have been
stitrvecl hi~d any force been ktrpt ninny duys in it.
The pitss \v:ts
Itnown from the written port of Jfv. ~l dt . ~son.
In ir Mily, poi t ~t of
view, ir Brigade of Infy. ant1 a few gunsco~~l d hitve defel~detl the Ile:d
of the pass !
(38)
Lensing Lnr l t l ~i ~~~n on the 4 t l ~ of hlitrch 110 might have re;tcl~ed
Sllittarpoor by the dth, then Ditdur (10 mitrches) on the 18th March,
while we only mivcl~ecl fron~ D:rtlnr 011 the l(it11 nli~rah, 1839.
(30)
His Escj.. w:ls nnxiolcs to asccrt:ri~~ the prircticirbility of tllc
Grtnrltr~~u l Juss, wl~icl~ it wils desiri~blo to do.
I t is lo be regretetl tl~irt
he did not join 11s sootio~; as we did not obtain one dny'fi s~~ppl i es
either at Uhag or at Di rd~~r, 1101- oven ilt Quettir, wl~ere we awi~itctl 11is
:lrrival.
T11c Bolnbny collimn ri ~nl e 12 mi~rcheq from Lilrlthirr~ir to BU~UT,
and the Bengnl column 10 marcl~es from Sl~iltilrpoor to Dndu~; so tlrat
the march w:~s n little sl~ortened by ~noving 1)y the Gu~?daoc~ PLL.YS, brlt
muell time was lost. Capt. Outran1 (Rough ~znles, 4c. 1). 39) nlitkes tho
dist;~nco fro111 L: ~r l i l ~a~~n to Sl~iltnrpoor, 52 n~iles, C I ~ I I : ~ ~ to four n~nrchcs,
so tl~irt about two milrcl~es \\.ere sitvod: but fro111 1.5 to 17 dnys more
t i ~ne wcre consunled by the route vi;i Glo~cliluc, wliile tilo Bcngnl troops
were alreilcly in irdrance from Sl~iliarpoor.
F
boildings.
Tliere are a llulllber of Jenrs liere, from ~vliorn
Bills call be obtained or iicgociatetl, on ruiy pl;lce i n India,
or even on Constantinople, China or ;lily place alnlost ill
tlle morltl :--in fact n~oney transactions are t he chief einploy-
illeilt of tlie ~veal t hy people of tlle place, ant1 the mercl ~a~l t u
will coiltract to furnish large quantities of grain. Being so
near tlie Indus, mllenever the free navigation of the river
increases tlie cornlnerce of Siiidh ilritl Afglianistiul, Sliiliar-
poor mill becolile i~ place of great cotnii~ercial import:ulce.
When Shah Shoojnh visited Siiidh in his last expedition to
t ry to recover his throne in 1S34, (40) he obtaiuetl posses
sion of this place, wit11 t he consent of the hrneers of Ilpde-
rabatl. I-Ie tried to obtniii inoiley from hnieers, 1vliic11 they
moiild not at first comply witli. Tlic Slioh tllrcntc.nei1 to
plunder Sliilinrpoor and Larl<liann, if not supplied nit11
money. A verysevere action took place on tlle 9t h Jiln. 1834,
sevcii lioss (14 miles) beyond Xohrec. The Sitidl~iaiis lost
1,370 horse and foot soltliers, n~i d n considerable i ~~l l i l ber
were Itilled and wouiitlecl ou tlie Slinli's side. Tlle ariny of
Tu~oor i uns fairly fled from the field of battle ; and the S1i:lh
obtained fir111 possession of Sllikarpoor. They consented
to tlie pecuniary nicl i a preference to Ilazurrling another
battle : and agreeded to farm tlie place from the Sliah a t
fi.on1 5 or 7 Ialilis of Rupees. (41) There were, now 15,500
troops at Shiknrpoor ; so tliat wit11 camp-fol1ome1-s, there
]nust have been nefirly 100,000 people to feed.
(40)
Ilis departure from Loodianall was 'cported to Governmei~t
ns hiiving taken place on the 17th Fcb. 1633.
(41)
The only Er~ropenn oficer \r,itll the Shah, was a AIr. Camp-
bell, who mas made prisoner by nost Alnliomeil Khan on the defezrt
of the Sllal~ at Ciuldni~ar on 2nd July, 1S941r, i ~nt l afterwards entered
his service.
MARCI.1 PROM SIIlI<ARPOOR TO DADUR NEAR THE BOLAN PASS.
I.
P~.epas.ations 20 leave S?~ikas.poor, (20th Fell. 1839.)-
On the arrival of tlie Head Quarters with Maj. Gcnl. Sir
TV. Cotloll a t Sliilinrpool; thc ~vhol e of the Ben& columu,
and the Shah's contingent., werc present,--a foivce ;unonnt-
ing to about 15,500 mcn. Collsultation mas held bet ~vccn
Sir IV. Cotton :rnd Mr. MacNaghten, t he Envoy nrld
Minister, the principal staff being present, as t o the tillle
of marching onwards to t he P~ISS. Mr. MncNaghten 11;ltl
received R report t hat t hc Bolrcn Pass (10 marches distant)
was occupied by tllc enemy; ( I ) he, therefore, on t he 18th Peb.
hrid addressed a dispatch (2) t o Licut.-Genl. Sii* 5. ICeane,
Coinmander-in-Chief of the army of the Indns, t hen in Sindh,
pressing 11ii11 t o push on. It was resolved to march l o~var ds
tlie Pass, at once, t o secure its possession. The Dy. Cominy.
Genl. Ilnd represented t hat it nr:ts necessary t o remain at
Sllilrarpoor for about 20 days, t o enable the coinmissariirt to
obtain the greatest possible clnantity of supplies for all the
troops; tvhilc lxrlting at this place, tlic troops ~voultl not
consume their sloclr of supplies, but procure their grain,
&c, from the city, where al arge clua~ltity Iiad been collcctetl;
llnd Illore was procumble for t he rcar columns, Bolubay
troops, kc. on tlie arrival of an expected convoy, ~vi t l l ~vl ~ent ,
aram, kc. conling fro111 Mool ~nn, &c. Tllc Bengnk Commis-
3
s:lriiLt were t o supply the Uom6ay troops, not orily with grain
(1)
Ib tnrned out t o be a mere report.
( 2)
It roaclied Sir J. Iiearie on t he 23rd Peb, 1839, \vhcn IN? mas
nbout 12 m:trches tlistirnt from $hik:rrpoor.
1 0 2
but wit11 Camels. (3) Be f or e t h e r esol ut i on t o move o n iln-
.
medi at el y, n r ~ s l i nown, t h e Djr. Comni y. Genl . h a d de t a c he d
'
4,000 cainels to b r i n g u p fro111 t he r e a r gr ai n, kc. l i e -.'
wa s al s o l ed t o espect 10 days' s uppl i es moul d be ready a t
Dudu~u?. (4) ( 1 0 ma r c he s i n advance), a n d 20 days' s uppl i es
at Qsiettn (5) ( I S ma r c h e s i n ndva l ~c e ) ; whi l e CundahaEu?. was
32 ni ar ches d i s t a n t f r om Shi ka r poor : s o tliilt, i ncl udi ng
hnll;s, kc. 45 o r 50 d;lys' s uppl i es mer e r equi r ed f or t h e t r oops
u p to Cnndahi l r : (6) alicl a s we ma r c he d with cai.1-inge f hr
a n d wi t h o n l y a i uo~l t h' s s uppl i e s f r om Per ozpool ; (7) illore
car r i age was ye q~l i r e d t h a n coul d be pr oc nr e d at t h e time,
bot l i f or t h e Beng: l l a n d Boi i i bay c ol umns , (8) as wel l ns
f or t l i e Sl i ; ~h' s force.
(3)
I t was tvell know11 t hat t he Bon1l1:ty troops hnd great diffic~~ltj.
ill I)rocuring 3000 camels in Sintll~. As on their march from Sl~ikcitpool.
tJlev ~vould be deprived of t hei r IVntcr-cal.rirrge, it wits estimated that
10,000 would at lenst be rerl~rired for the Bnn~bay 11rn1y alone. OFgrni~z
there was plenty to I)e I ~ad, but the dificulty \vns, t hus unexpectedlp,
to sol)ply the t-n~i~els for tile Eolnbny column. U~~tloubtedly, t he sup-
-plies and cattle were ~)rol)erly t o be used by both columns. Tlie Bm-
Comrr~iss:rriat (lid not linow, till now, tl~lrt i t \vould have to supply
both COIUI~IIS-or ~~r e vi ous arrnngementr nould llnve been m:rde, of
course, in due time, to procure ir greater nuniber of c:~ri~elr~. I t R:IS not
t o be expectetl t hat t he Ameers of Sindh \vonld be very zealous i n their
exertions to supply c:in~els; b11t if the Govt. of Bombay could not well
rely on the army procuring carriage ill Sindl~, it would have been bet-
t er to liave intin~atecl to the Bengal (supreme) Govt. t hei r fe;u.s OII t l ~i s
)lead. Sir J. re'enns coriltl (lo nothing less than sllare the supl)lies i~ntl
c;ittle, between the two columns. I say thus 111uc1i to exonorate, as is
I)ut just, the Bengal C'olnmissarint from trny s11l)posed nnnt of exer-
tions. Neither do I attribute any bli~me to t h ~ ~ t of Bombay; they
coultl not Ilring mitli them any cattle I ~ut Ilorses-by sea. Tile error
committed was, timely notice not Iiaving been given. Between Shi-
knrpool., nnil up to tlie time of t he Bombay column leirving Cabool, o ~r
its return, the Bengal Commissariat supplied i t with 6,830 camels.
( )
And even nt BIbuy, eight n~i ~r ches only ill adviince.
(5) \\re were deceived in our expectatiorls. We otlly obtained
about 300 mnunds there.
(6) Not one dzry'd supplies wore obtained between Shikilrpoor and
Cantlah~tr, nt any oiie place ! ! !
(7) See 1). 8.
(3)
We left Shikarpoor, lending column and l i d. Qrs. on 23rd Feb.
S7qplies with 13en.gnZ Column. 37
I
St y~~l i es taken wit14 ZAe 13mgnZ Colivntn.-The Bcngal
Column ~ni ~rched from Sliikarpoor wit11 one and a
~nonth's snpplies, and a similar quantity ren~trilled in dclJdl;
there, to follow if required. Rum for tliree nlolltl~s, ;lcconl-
panied tlie Bengal column.
2. Order for mt~?.c/t f2.onz Sl~iknrpool; (21 st Feb. 1839.)
-l'lic troops of the 13engal colunln were direcled t o march i11
tlie follolvi~ig order, in colum~ls, ant1 oil l l ~ c follo~villg clntcs :
1st. On the %ndFeb.--TIi~ Engineer Dept., Ressnlah of
Local Horsr., ;niJ a Compniiy of Infy.
2nd. 0u the 23~~1.-The I-Icnd Quarters. Cavy. Brigildc
and Horse Arty. encl a wing of Native Infy.
3rd. the 24th.-1st Brignde Infjr. aiid Caulel battery,
4th. On the 25th.---4th Brigade of Infy. and a Itegt. fro111
2nd Brigade (teml~ori~rily attached.)
5t11. On ihe 26th.-Tlle Park, 4th Local IIorse, and a
Cop. N. I.
6th. On the 27th.-Field Cornillissariat stores, escorlcd
by one Ress;llah of Loci11 Horse, nncl one Coy. of I~lfy.
Tlh.-The 2nd Brigade, with H. 34. Shall Slioojnh-ool-
Moolk. (9)
8th.-The field hospilal with the 4th Brigade. A polvtion
of treasnre, and :L party of Local I-Iorse, attiichcd t o t.;tch
Brigacle.
Maj. Genl. Sir 73'. Colton, inspected the Parlc of Art}'. and
tile 11. A. Cavy. mid Infy. Brigades and Caliiel battery, on
tllc 21st z~nrl 2811d Pel). prcvious to tlie in;vcl~ of tlie troops.
Review of Troops.-'l'lle troops were paradctl in Revielo
before 13. M. Slitill Slloojah-001-Moollc, \vho was
and renclied Ci ~n d a l ~i ~r on 26th April, 1830, s ])erintl of 63 days t l ~uv
elaljsecl; i~rld our staying 11 di t ys ;rt (~uottir, partly, imd not obtaining
bllpl)lies on our ~nerclr, were t he causes of our being so ci ~r l y placstl
011 half ri~tions.
(0) ' I' llo~~gh IHis iCI;ljesty toolc t he lead ~ r p to Sl~ikarljoor ; i t w;ts
(lccidcd that t he Br i t i sl ~ troops sllould rno~~e in ntlvn~ice, being bet t er
:,ble to cope with an enemy. 1-li~d nny cl~eclc bceil giver1 l o tllc con-
tingent raised ljut recently, i t might I i l ~ ~ u bccn serious ; ;~11d I I C) S~~CS,
rye should have been deprivud of t he Best of tllc little forage t o Ile ox-
p t e d , and we bad Inore cattle t o provide for.
to present a tlollalioll of 8,000 Rs. (cf!SOO) to llc
divided, in cqanl propor~iolis amollg the corps, European
,r 1ve.
and N, t'
3. .iMarcl~fi.ovz SJ~ikavpoor, (93rd Feb. 1SS9.)-;Llarcliccl
tliis tliiy I7& miles, the road throng11 a jungly courltry to
Jagna. 2421~ f i b. marched 112 miles to Janeedera, through
a jurigly country, but, except in n few places, open on both
flanks. To prevent tlie Remnree caiiiels falling off ill cori di t i o~~
1)y coming late to tlie groulitl, they werc nllometl to go 011 a t
any hour rluri~ig tlie riiyht, under parties of Local Horse.
Scarcity of water reportetl at nest stage (R:~jhan) : 13.~1. Qrs.
directed t o ilnlt to-morrow. Tlie 1st Brigade to halt till
fl~rtlier ortlers. Tlie 4th Brigade to close up t o it a t Jagan.
Tlle Pirrlr and Fieltl Coinrnisst. to stnntl fast at Sliikarpoor ;
till col ~~mi i s in advnnce hi~ve movetl on ill the order already
directed.
Of tlie Sliali's force, the 211~1 Rest. of Citvy. and a Provi-
sional Birttn. of 111fi~lltry (900 strolig) were left a t Shikarpoor,
on tlie march of I-I. 31. from that place.
~Tfajor Leech joined t he Hd. Qrs, to-day. He had been
engagedin collecting supl~lies betmeeiiShiltarpoor i111tlDitdur.
Post ?$ice.-The Post Master, under t he directions of the
Envoy and Millister, agreed to lay tlalrs and establish n post
along t he line of march, using Ilorsemen, camels, and men,
irs tlie obstacles to be overcome, and the nature of tlie co1111-
try and circnil~staiices might tlictale.
Arezu order of Mavch, (10) (25th Feb.)-On the 27t h Feb.
11. A. :uid a Regt. of Cary. to inarch ; on 2Sth, renlninder of
Cavy., a wing'of Infy., and tlie Hd. Qrs. of tlie coluliiii ; on
98th Feb. 1st Iiify. Brigndc ; on 1st March, 4t h Infy.
Brigade and Fieltl Comi l i i ~st ; 011 2nd 31nrcl1 tlie Pnrlr and
4th Local Horse.
26th Feb.-Report of onljr three wells at the nest ground.
Tlie Engineers in atlvaiice ; 1-1. h4.'s 16th Lalicers iilirrched
by xvings.
( l o)
"ll~is w:rs rendered riecessnry, owing t o the reports of the
scarcity of \\.i~ter ill ndvilnce, imd t o there being n (' ~tznrshy rlosc~~t,"
to cross. (See Journttl, cl ~npt er 1s.)
371h Feb.-I-Id. Qrs. narcl lied to llajllan, 111 miles. The
road passed over tlie cdgc of tlie Deswt. Scarcity of forngc.
2Sllr FeD.-The I-ld. Qrs. lialtetl.
1st Mn~ch.-Tlie 3rd C:rvy. to niarcli to 13itrslio1*e to-
morrow. Tlie 2nd Ct~vy. alid Det t . 48tli N. I. to iiinrcli to-
morrow, from J;meeclera t o 11;1jhan.
Tlie supply of ICurAee (1 1) li~iequnl to tlie tlemnnd, limited
to rations for ofliccrs' chargers. Infitntry oflicer for one
horse onljr.
'l11ic inails going t o and coming from Bintlustnn, plun-
dcretl; one rlinlicr ltilled wid two mounrled. Heard of a
Coiiroy coming on with grnili, having been nttncltctl.
2?2d Morcl~.-Tlie 3rd Cavy. i~inrchccl over tlic dcscrt.
Tlie IId. Qrs., olie Squadroll 211d C;ivy., and oiie Coy. of 3.
I. to n~ovc to-night t o Barsl ~ore, across tlie dcscrt ; zuitl to
\\.ells near Culzdol~ on tlie following day. Re~nainirig two
Squxl r oi ~s of 2nd Cavy. and remainder detnclliiicnt of 11lfy.
t o ~ars1ioibe, on tl!e 4tl1, and to wells 011 tlic 5tI1,-mllere
t he vhole were to rcmain till f ~~r t l l e r ordcrs.
1st Infy. Brigade, with canlel battery t o Jagan on t he 4th ;
reniainder of troops, t o stniid fast till fluther orders.
4. Supplies and Forage, (3rd March.)-Snpplies order-
ed to be pushed on to the Ani ~y, as a scarcity was fou~i d 011
t he ~narcli Iiitherto. Capt. Lab~vrence 2nd Cavy. sent with
21 11xrty to C~ncE'172 (eight ~i l i l es W. of Meerpoor) to collect
forlige for the Cavy. (The Bonzbny Colunln to-(lily ilt Lar-
Itha~ln.)
Tl ~e Dcserl (callcd tlic P*/~,tt). Tlie dist:unce over thc .PC-
scri was 26Q miles. 'l!lie troops movcd at ~liglit to preve~it
tlic llietl slilTerit~g froill t he heat, or tlie reflectioll and glare
cnuscd by t he rilys of tlie son, stril;illg fro111 tlie Iiard s;lndy
soil. I t was a clear moon-light i ~i ght , ilnd after leaving caiup
tlic descl.t nppe;ucd inteniii~iable. Tlie troops, by the nbove
zu.rallgcn~entsfilid not sull'er in the lcast. (12) There is not
(11)
S~lpplietl when :I dcficicncy OF gmss or bad for:lgc.
(12)
I~ctirc11111cr~ts which crossctI this cleso-l lnlc i n April, nnrl in
t l ~ c rnonlll of J'l(w sufTercd rlrendfully.
40 Across 1he Desm.!.
a drop of ivatei- to be had, and rnllerl in the celltre of tile
desert, if the traveller loses the proper clirectioo, he iliay
wander ltbont, ~ l d die of tliirst, as illally utllers ]li\ve done.
We found strings of camels llloving across in severill lilies
mitli guides, so tllnt we could not lose our may.
We fotlncl bad water a t Barshore.
There werc a number
of small wells, but tlie water so salt and muddy, tllat tlie
liorscs refused to driiil; it, though tlicy had illarclied so many
iiiiles mitliont drin1;ing. A litrge p ~ l i l l i ~ well was ortleretl
to be m:tde Iiere. (13)
41h il!Ia7~cl~.-l'he Ilcad Qrs. rno.cred to-day to h'Ieerpoor,
distaiik, 14& miles. The roittl inuch the sitlile as that of ttie
descrt : wells in any nuiliber dog in t he bed of the river,
but watcr salt and bad.
Two Sqliadrons of 2nd Ci~vy. ant1 three Cos. 48th N. I.
march to Meelpoor to-morrow.
1ntini;~tiou received of a party of Jahr anee Belochees
linving descended from t he ~nountains t o carry off camels,
ant1 plunder stragglers. The Maj. Genl. marris oflicers
Conlg. columns, t o take prec:lutions to protect ttie baggage,
kc. or1 t he nlarcl~. They usually inove i n parties of five or
six men. (14)
Commsst. Ca11le.-The Camels were obliged t o be nllometl
to travel oTer night, as otherwise, olving t o the long marches,
want of forage, and heat of tlie iventher. (98' to-day at 3
P. >I.) they could not carry tlieir loads of grain ; to be pro-
tected by small parties of horsemen in front, on the flanlis,
arid i n the rear, and iiok to go far from Camp to grnze,
without a suitable escort.
51h iMarcl~.-I-Ieaci Quarters to-day a t Ustad, distl~nce
13% miles. There is a. lalre of fresh water here. The coun-
try on this march as barren as last march ; n desert within
a few miles of t he hills. A chief of the Belochees has a
(13)
Each soltlier si~ould cirrry a canteen to tlold a q11:lrt of water.
Every Bolribay soldier I i i ~ d one. 11 certain quautity of water should
be cilrrieil for c:lcli troop of Ci~vy. kc.
(14,) I t was o\rinp to these I)elochees, that w found so innny desert-
ed villi~ges, sincc our lenviag Shilrarl~oor
fort in tlle llills, alld aboiih 20 miles disliint.
A number of
cainels carried OR' in the nigllt. ( 15)
5.
Cavah. ~ Horses, (6th Marcli).-Tlie Head &rs. to-
day at Bhag, distant 94 ~niles froin last groiilld.
Ti l e Ha.
Qrs. :in() Cavy. to IliiIt to-lnorrow.
Obtaille(l 300 or 400
llli11~1d~ of grain here.
Cornsst. unnblc to flir11is11 flill r;~tions of I(111.b~~; to issue
RII est r a ration of oilc scer (t wo I t s, ) of Jooilr (bilrley) to
each horse.
A utimber of more cirillels tlriven off by llle Relochees
to-diiy. Tlie Governor paid t he General a visit in tlie after-
11oo11.
The c;nnp-follo~vers wlio went bcyolid t he picquets, 1vel.e
plundered, iuid their cattle stolen.
Tibe Crops, (7th Mirrcll) .-LVirniing :rgainst depredations
conlniitted on tieIc1s ofgrowing ~.rrheat, alid severe puriishmellt
de~iounccd. Whenever necessary to itssign growing ~vhcilt,
or barlcy, as forage fo1. Cavalry, (16) ir portion of ir field to
bc lllarlierl o F for e:rch colVps, by :rli oficer of thc Qr, Mr.
Gelll.'s Dept., and the owner paid by the Zxecutire Coin-
Illissariat oficcr of the Brigirdc, 011 statclnents of the nuin-
beF of m t i ~ n ~ , by Qr. Mrs. of the Regts., countersignerl
by Comg. officers.
The Sirai~ marchcd from Shiltnrpoor on t he 7t h March,
with 1 Re#,. of irrcgnlar Ci~rry. and 6 ltegts. of Infantry,
(each 820.)
81h 3farch.-EId. Quarters niarched to-(lily to Myhesur
(or MylIsur) distance I 6 miles, ircross a wretched counlry.
The village stiuids on the ba11li of the Bolan river, urhich
issues from t he Pass.
Bay--?.ations t o h'bn-Comba2an2s.-Therc bcing :r difficiilty
ill bringing on supplies fro111 the rcnr, tlie Colnsst. Dept.
for the pyeserlt, to issue &tf--rui!a'ons to inell of the lnustel'etl
establishlnellls; pirying coinpensation in nloney ill lieu of
(16) A Ilorse-a~tillerymnn sl~ot himself to-clay, and died in tlre
ni$ht.
(16) This was often found Iiecessary ; so 1 here give the mode of
carrying the pliin into opcri~tion, to save rcpetitiun.
G
t he other 11itlf: this order iiot to afl'ect the lvoops. We were
now, \\lithi11 23 iniles of t he Pass.
9t h Il.lnrch.-The I-ld. Quarters ~novcd to-day to Nousl ~er a
1 5 j ii~iles; 1.o;td ovcr a bleak, barren desert for 15 ~niles.
%=
Crossed it Pnss aibout five niilev from tbc liist grouild.
If
j( great care bc not talien, t he roiid mi ~y bc bloclted up ill 111is
' Pass for hours. After quitting tlie nilrrow golge of t he
pass, the road, tllough hounded 011 eacll side by low hills,
is good. Th e country tliro~lgllout is i~ de s c ~t . Pl e~i t y of
goocl water fro111 t l ~ c Bolccn river. Thc b:~gg:~ge to-day
crowding a t t he pass, deliiged tlie n ~ a ~ c h of t l ~ e troops for
a l ong tiiiie.
91h marc/^.-Camels with tlie trcnsnre, kc. over-driven ;
orders not t o force them on.
6. Avi vc al Dadfir, (lot11 March).-'l'lie Hd. Qunrters,
to-day, arrived a t Dt ~di ~r , ir distirncc of 74 iniles. At 44 I
miles f r o~l l t he l ast gro~uid, crossecl the Uolnn river. He ~l c c
, --
over ir good rand (the ~nount : i i ~~s closing in on all sides)
tlircc iiiilcs is Ui i d ~ ~ r near the entrance to the Bolan Pasus.
I?eco~~)~oiivin~g-DetncI~))tenl i n Advance.-ll detachment
of o ~ ~ c troop of Cnvy. (17) and tliree Cos. 48tli N. I., (18)
under Miljor Czrclon, (I!)) \rvns dirccted to move into llie
pass to-n~orrow, t o escort the Dy. Qr. Mr. Gelll. (Major
Garden) to mirlie his observaliolls on the for:lge, alld grass
procnrJ)\ c; and OI L the obstacles to tile piissagc of t hc
troops. (!LO)
Tlie Engineer Dept . also t o move to D~~llrlree (21) to-mor-
(17)
Under C;~pt. \Frheler, 2nd Cavy.
(18) Under hlnjor 'l'homns.
(19)
16111 L:rucers. and 11. 11. G. of Cavy. Sir A. Barnes accolnpn-
nied this party.
(20) 3lajor C. \ we recalled wllcn Ire had lbroceedod half-way.
\Bc
got, aftcrnerds, reports from 3lnjor C. the Cllief Engineer, and from
Sir t l . Burnes.
(21) This place i s only scvcri miles from 1)adur; lins a fine green
swarcl nnd
clear stream of writer running past i t . The Engineers did
not nlove on wilh Alnjor Curetoll, hnt enranipcd sl~ort of his stagas,
with the two Cos, of sappera nnd miuers. They wera t o renlore nny
ob3tacles ou the roitd.
pow; and proceed will1 their operations, i n facilitating the
passage of tlle Army through the Defile.
Z 1 t A March.-To supply six or seven days forage for tlie
Cavy., kc. horses, a quantity of green barley wtls directed
P
to be supplied to each corps, to be cut, d~sied, and mixed
with grass. (22) Reports f1.0111 the rear, of Camp-followers
being robbed and cut down by the Belochees.
12l7~ Marc7~.-Forage reportled to be in the Pass. I11the
rear columns, the Qr. Mrs. of H. M.'s 13th Lt. Infy. (23)
and lGtli Bengal N. I., nttaclred by a, party of Belochees,
while riding on to take up new ground.
13t7~ March.-The Maj. Genl. intimated t o Conlg. officers
t hat t l ~ e country, through which the army mas now passing,
abou~ids in a good description of carriage-bulloclts, and
afforded a good opportunity to complete the transport for
their several bazars, to carry three days supplies; as re-
I
*PC
quired by the Regns. of t he service. (24) Froill tlle reports
from the advance, i t was stated that there mere occasional
patches of dry, coarse grass, to be found in the Pass. Cau-
- -
tion published against lighting fires in or near the grass ; all
transgressors t o be severely punished.
The Ddwk robbed, and the letters destroyed. Reports of
more thefts in the 4th Brigade, in the i.eat-. Good reports
from t he advance.
7.-Ordev for March into Pass, 4c.-(14th March)-
The Hd. 8rs.-2 T. 2 B. H. A.-;l Regt of Cavy. and 2
Regts. of Infy. from 1st Brigade, and half a l%essalah of
i
Local I-Ior~e-to march on the 15th ;-reniaii~der of Cavy.
and remaining Regt. of tllc 1st Brigade, No. 6 Lt. Fd.
+
(B)
T11e A. Qr. Mr. Genl. of Cavy. arrange11 this ~vitli Major
1
Leech. Asst. 1'01. Agent, by a field near camp, being assigned.
(83)
Rjs Sergt. not I~eing so well niounted was cut lip nnd strip-
ped. ?'lie Qr. Mr. of tlie 13tli (Lt. Penrvick) chtirgerl seven of tlie~n.
(21,)
I t was found impl-acticirble to keep up tliis Ilegtl. arrangement.
By the orders of tlie 14th 3l;irch 1839, tlie supPies were to be servetl
l
out through tlle buneirhs irtt~rclled to tho different 13rigiides; and it was
i
director1 that if tlie,rl cannot cnrrjr tile wliole, indented for, tlle Cma-
q-
t~~itxariclt. Dept. must lend the ;rid of Rerrnrce camels."
I
c 2
nilttery, ant1 half :r Ressi11;rli of Local Norse, 011 tllc 16tl1;-
2 liogts, of 4th Brigade, ant1 i\ Res~irlali of Loci11 IIorse, i ~nt l
tllc Fieltl Hospit:rl, on the 17th ;--Tl~u rnm;ril~irig liegl. of
the 4th Brigatle, i n chiirge of Co~~~mi s s i ~r i ; r t Field DcpBt,
LT
011 thc 20th inst.
The C o l u ~ u ~ ~ s actually ~nal~checl s diiy later tlliui tile
above dates, via.-on 16th 14arc11, and following tl;~)~s.-
E ~ c h Col r ~~i i ~l t o carry ~vi t h i t its proportion of Co~nmi s-
sirriat supplies.
Order oJ' M~n~ck. - Tl ~c order in \vliicli tlie lentling
Colru~lrns mill ent er tlle Defile.
'I'hc InJa?~t~!l by Sections, right in front ; tlie Brl i l l eq
and C(rvalrv, colrforming.
1. R. i\lI.'s 13t h Infy. ti. Lecl horscs of Cavy. k c .
2. I-Iorse Arty. 7. EId. Qr. baggage.
3. 2nd Lt. Cavy. 8. Regtl. baggage, accord- ,
4. Vlring 4St h N. I. ing to Itegtl. seniority. --e
5. Tre;wr~re. 9. Local Horse. (35)
'l'\ro Cos. of Infy., whelk prirctic;lble, to rllovc parallel
wit11 tllc ~ N I I S ; ~ e i ~ d y t o affo'ortl iiid to tlienl, in gcttir~g over
tlitticult parts of t he road.
The Bugyagc flfastcr t o rcconl~oitre the gorge of tlie Pirss,
to 1ii;dte the ~iccdssirr. ~ ;rl.riulgc~iielrts, for regulating t he
u~arcli of the I~iiggnge. A detail of Local Horse at his
disposi\l. (March countcm~i~ncled, ;it 10 p, m.)
Tl ~c 1st Iufy. Brigade, iilltl tlic Came\ battery ~ilarclicd
into Dirtlrlr. Or der s received froiii Sir J. ICeanc.
Ycsterdiry t hc Dhoolee brnrcrs of t hc 3rd. Lt. Cavy. ran
away. (26)
9
(25) The bnggnge of I-Id. Qrs., Divisional, and Brigade staff, to be
collected nntler t l ~ o Yrnvost i\I:~rslial-nf Regts., ilnder nn officer fro111
encli ltegt. ; with :r party t o preserve order, and protect the camels, kc.
Iron1 plr~nrlercrs. '!'he bnggnge packer1 at111 lorrtlerl ill orie hollr.
'I'lre heggnge of each Regt. to he condllcted to centre of its lines;
awniting its tinlo fnr moving ofF.
(2G) G. 0. 15th Alnrcl~ 1939.-rr Symptoms of discontent, nud i ~sl i b-
ordiai~lion lli~ving occlirred :tmonfj;the Dhooleo benrers, nnd other cnnlp-
folluwcrs ( not \ r i t l ~s t ant l i ~ the! very gre~it consitlrrntion showli the111
if---
Position of all the Fo~ccs.
49
15th Alarcl~.-The 1st Column to marc11 t o-~norro~v, the
rest on subsequent days, in the order above indicated.
1Memo.-Compens~~tion, ill Illoney, will be (lisbursed in
lieu of the moicty of their ratio~ls, while on havl ~at i ons, t o
those helongiog to lnusteretl Estal~lisl~me~~ts, -the difference
betmcen the price of Attall (flour) it1 the Suddur baza?;
and the rate issuc(1 fro111 the Coln~niss;uiat stores.
Pull rations to be restored as soon as supplies, in t r a p
situ, reach the army. (27)
8. Po,sition of I l ~e Forces, (15th March IR39).-At thiu
period t,he Bornbcc~~ 'l'roops were nine rnal.ches fi.om Dndur.
The Shal~ had lliarcl~crl from Shilinrpoor towards Dador,
and Lt.-Col. Wade was within five miirches of Pes11:~rver.
\Ire did not find heye the 10 days' supplies of grain nihicll
we expected, and had been promised. Beforc leaving Sl ~i -
Ii;~r[)oo~., Mehub IUhon of I<l~elat wrotc to say that tlie g r i n
- :p-
was collectccl for thc Army, and to send people to receive
it, as he coilld not take care of it." (28) Tllr people at
Dadur were under his authority, a11tl fro111 the may in which
we were supplied here, me might somewhat jutlge of the
collduct to be expected fro111 this chid:-The Dy. Corny.
Genl. left Camels ilnd people with money t o purchase grain
in tlle Vallcy of Seislan, which is close to Dndur, but
cluring the ibI~~ri*cll from the Provinces) ; officers Conlg. Brigncles, or
detached Columrls, have the power to inflict t he s~~mnzurypunisl~menL
of$o,qging, on all follo\vers, who hesitate to do their dut~v."
'< Officers in corrl~rlanrl to t;rke ~r eca~l t i o~l s agirinst followers, &c.
clesel-ting; ;lnd it is to bo explained, tll;lt the I\. Y. A. (BIajol* Leech)
11i1s bee11 requested to give a rew;rrd of five Its. for every m~lsterecl
follo\ver who mlly desert, nnrl whonl his Belochces mily secure, ant1
bring to camp.
(27)
A Yhli in the Balni~ Pass cut up, nnd ot l ~ers in the Rcav*; two
Artillerynle~l and two camp-followers, (r~i l r~i . ~t l ed) nttaclted by the
moontaineers; olle Ellropean was clr:lgged illto tlre rnounti~ins, nncl
strippecl, his j;lw broken, and Itis :rrm out wit11 a sttbre.
( 98)
Mnjor Lecch was :lt Ifilal, ns 1;1te :rs ~\ngrlst 1838, urging t he
Chief to supply us; and I mnst siry Ac never \\,:IS very snr!guinc as to his
. -
Itecping his promise to furnish sl~pplies.
ollly ol)tiii~led nbo~rt 500 mnu~~ds-llot n tcnu!?~ of nllint 11nd
been p~*oliiisctl 11s.
11 Ue11l;l n.;ls, s ubs c c i ~~e ~~~l g foi*meil llcl*e, OI I tlic advance
of the Troops, and a force was left herc.
L CHAPl'IAlt LV.
RIILRCI-I FROM DADUR-THROUGH THE BOLAM PIISS-TO QUETTA.
I . Cou?ttry hctzuecn Sl ~i ka l yoo~ and Dnd14r.-The dis-
tiuice I~etween Sh i l ~~r p o o r ilntl Dadur, is 146 niiles, and
10 marches; but o ~ v i i ~ g to the ~Vil~lt of water 011 tlic ~'oild, tlie
Hd. Quarters did iiot reach Ilatlur ill less than 16 days, i ~ s
it wits fount1 necessilry to sell tl the troops by tletachmen ts,
a i ~ d sonletirnes by wings of Regts. of t he Cavy., as they
Cp-
require three or four tiines inore wilter than Tiifiu~try Itcgts.
Fr om Rnjftn~z, or after our 3rd m:lrch, we found t he whole
conntry bctmeei~ i t nnd ~lrousl~era, n distance of 96 miles, and
only si s mnrcllrs, i~ desert almost the whole way, except
a. liltle cultivation rountl t he villages. The marches 1vei.e
long, illit1 110 W ~ L ~ C P t o be had a t interu~etliate places ; so
tlinr, we found t he troops niucli firtiguetl ant1 t he cattle much
knoclred up, onriilg to tlie le~rgtli of the tlistailce t hcy daily
travelletl, aiitl tlie dificulty of procuring water, it11C1 forage.
A pitrly of Cavalry iviis seilt out to collect foriige for the
horses, niitl strict ordcrs were given to l)iUevent ~11e columns
closing up on each otlier. After crossirig over the 'C Ala~sl'ly
desert," we left Sindf~, and ei~tered, i ~ t Barshore, Belochis-
- ton, the country which produces such nmnerons bilnds of
planderers, (1) by which tllc troops were so n ~n c h ni~iioyed,
so nlnliy of our followers Iiilled and wounded, so iiiruly of
our cattle carried off, aird property lost a nd destroyed. 11
( 1) 'She Bel ochee~ inh:ilrit the country to the \V. of Si ndl ~, and
the H[cln luol~ntirins \vhicli run N. and S., divide Sindli from Bclochi-
stan. \Ire forlnd Jxneedera (the 2nd march tho~l gl i in Sindh) aaq
deserted, :111d I~nd hcen for :r I O J J ~ time, owing t o the depredations
* cornlnittcd by tlrese robbcrs.
4 S Enf~nnce to t he Uokun Pnss.
is to be lioped tllat onc of tlie benefits to bc derived fro111
our operations in Sin& aild Afhhmzistan, will be tlie resto-
rntion of the couutry, between SliikilrPoor nnd D~l dnr, so
necessary to keep up our co~ni i ~u~i i cat i ol i s ill t hat quarter,
to sonie order, and to free i t from these pests, aiicl ellelllies
to civilization. (2)
2. Ent)ounce oj'tl&e Bolnn Pass to .l{ooAnan Delnn, (16t h
March, 1839.)-Tliernioiileter ;kt 3 A. Jr. mu. The I-Id.
Qrs. left Dadur this i norni l ~g a t clily brcok, will1 the I s 1
CoLunii. Dadur is 743 fcet above t he level of t he sen. Th e
road lay over t he Iiolaii rivcr after leaving cauip. 'rile en-
trance to tlie Pas s ~iiigllt be disputed for a s1ioi.t lime, by
yiirties being s t a t i o~~c d on t he brol(e11 liills on eiicli side ; but
an irregulnr enemy could ilot long oppose regular troops-
wlio would clisloclge those occupying the lieigllts before t hc
i r d r a ~ ~ ~ e of tlie colulll~i was ~iinde ! They miglit nincll n1111oy
the renr, baggage, and cattle. I t would be necessary t o
crown the heights t o protect the advance of the troops, iuid
the pilssage of stores, bagg:ige, &c., ant1 to post parties a t
s~icli points, ns those fro111 \vllich t he elleniy could descend
froni tlie llills t o 111:ilie au attack. Our coluii~~r was \lot nt-
tnclted, but t he renr colunins werc.
After entering tlie Pi ~ss t hc rotid lay N. W., and aftcr
marcliing about four uiilcs, t he liiountaios began to close
(2) The treaty was signed a t Hyclerabad on tlie 3rd Peb, 1839.
Cnpt. Outram says (p. 3.1.) iriliis notes, that 16 or 17,000 Belocltces hiid
occayicd tlie opposite (Hyclerahnd) bi~nk, for two n~iles. Th e Ameers
" (who had onlled tl~etn i n to tlieir nsuistance)" hiicl great difficulty i n
i~tducing then) t o withdrs~v.
Sheer dluhonlc~l, having expresseci his
c\clerminntio~~ to oppose us, was joined by tlte fo'ollo~\~crs of rill the ot her
A n~eers. " JIt er Sobdfi ~ I</ ~QR (since favorably disti~igr~ished in the new
treaty) preu~~i l ed on kiln t o retire, attd by clistrib~iting upwards of five
Lakl~s of 11s. (5oJo00) included them tu ciel~art."
Uut the l3elocllees were niuclt under the iiifliicnee of tlie l at e
slel~rab Kllnli, the Belocliee cliief of ICheIut, to nl~osc instigation we
owed the attacks of this people. Ther e being a British force in Sindli,
and our influence now extendiiig t o Kheliit, will be the means of in)-
posing n check on these people, and will render t l ~ e country sirfe t o
merchants and travellers.
Ma~c74 in the Bolun Pass. 49
on us from N. E. to S. W.
Tlle hills which inl~llediately
enclose t he pass, :we ]lot very high-arc irregular i n height
and barren ; their strata most conf~lsetl, ant1 their formation
of coarse pudding-stone, changi~lg near t he surfirce, t o loose
clay and pebbles. The distance from hill to hill, on
each side, v;iried ; but iu few places .tvitliin t he coinmn~id of
muslcetry, thougli shots from .JZLzzaiis (rifes) would have
reached us more fi.cquenl1y. (3) The roacl lay over rough
loose stolies and shingle. We to-day crossetl t he Bolan
river eight tinres, nevcr deeper t l l al ~ three fect in any plnce.
At abont eight miles we c:ume t o a spot called L)rubbee,"
where therc is a sinr~11 valley, and green s~.crnrd, as tllc nailie
ilnl)orts, ~vher c the E~i gi neers had encnmperl. A clear strenin
runs by it, and 1,500 nieu migl:t have their camp 1iel.e.
Pr om this, the distiulce bettvcen the liills contracts again.
On t he left lland side a i d close to cnmp, me saw six trees,
v
not having seen one before. We fonncl our cnmp at t he
distance of 11 miles from Di ~dur a t I<ohnn Delnn, (4) where
t he valley of stones mide~ls. But little forage here.
The I-I, A. and Cavy. lverc in onc Canlp jnst beyond tlie
six trees. The five Cos. 48t h N. I. in another ncross t he
river, rvhich mas fordable. The FIrl. Qrs. near some grave
stones, near a height situated between the two camps. (5)
'CVe found nothing t o prevent our tents I ~ei ng sen1 011 ill ad-.
vance, with a parly to protect t l ~em. Tlle elevation of tlliv
place above t he level of t he sea urns 904 feet, or 161 nbore
Dadur--u?hich, i11 a distilnce of 11 inilcs gives a rise of 1
foot in 360-Therll~omcter at 3 ID. ar. 86'. On cntering
t he Pass you are in IQ~ornssa?i.
-*
(3)
The nntive Rife wit11 a lived rest, i t is said wi l l Itill at 800
yards, The common rifle is orily 4 feet 10 inclles in the barrel, tlie
lnrgcr Juxznils are six or seven feet in tlre barrel.
(4,)
ICnndyee of Connlly. Prom this plnce there is sa,id.to be a,
road out of the Pass, wllicll goes to Dadur, lChel;rt, &c. ; the D ~ I C nrcnt
i
by this road, or p:rth, over the hills.
I
( 5 )
A Sergt. of tho 16th Lancers was clroanecl by Iris horse getling
4 into deep water. Subsequently, we wcre obliged t o w i t for clay-liglrt.
n
50
March in IAe Bolan Pass,
3.-jlfarch lo It?i~lrs, (17th March, 1839.)-Marched before
day-liglit; therinouieter 3 A. nr. 60' crossed the river on
leaving camp, (6); the clarlil~ess of the nlorllillg Was in-
creased by heavy clouds, and rain, wit11 colt1 cuttillg
wi~ltl. Crossed the Bola11 river 13 times, ill no place deeper
than three feet. Tlie distance between thc hills grenter than
on t h e last rnarcl~, and on reaching ICirta, we found our
camp. Tlle village of Rirtn mas abont a nlile in advance,
to t he right, and did not contaiil Illany houses or inhabi-
tants. (7)
The valley, here, is from 3 to 4 il\iles b~oad, and 6 or 7
uiiles long, in tlie directio~i of the next stage. The tvhole
length of the valley about 10 nliles. A ICalifi~ of ~nercllallts
from Candahar came into camp a t noon, 011 its way t o
India.
The saine kind of road as last march, over loose stones,
and shingle. Crossed the last time about three i i ~i l es
from camp just wlierc we entcred the valley. The country
has t he saine sterile appearaiicc ; tlierc is sollie long dry
KISS, and 5 few stuiltetl bushes: little forage.
Tlic distalice 1na1,ched 10 miles, 5 furlongs; the elevation
above the level of tlie sen 1081 (8) or 177 fcet above
Kohan Delan, wliicll gives in to-day's niarch, a rise of one
foot i n 304; thcrnloilleter at 3 P. M. 80" : very close aild
cloady weather,
4.-~lla~cl'L to Bee6ee Nunee, (18th March, 18'39.)-Ther-
nloliieter at 5 A. 31. 60'. Marclied at 8 A. ni. o~viiig t o
the rain, early i n the morning, The cloads hid the barrell-
ness of the nl ount i ns, rolling down townrds tlieir base.
The valley barrcn except a few bnshes of coarse grass,
Lanna, (9) a ~ ~ d dwarf Tamarisk. The lrlarch f1-011~ I<irta
for tile first 6 or 7 miles, lies through the vdley which is
( 6 ) \Ire were obliged to fasten tlle tent-ropcs to s t o ~ ~ e s ; could not
uso tent-pins. Iron-pins are 11scd in a roclzy soil.
(7) It Y;RS made a Dl k station.
(8) This is the eleviltion of Gurm-ab n littlo beyond Kirta. A littlo
grdn wns procured at Birta.
(9) A bush which the aamela eat, but not the camel-thorn.
Mar cl ~ irr the Bolan Pass. 51
here froill 3 t o 4 ii~iles broad. The route lay close to t he
left towards the hills, and at the teriliinatioii of this valley,
which runs to t he right t o il considei~;rble extent ; entered
another and sillallel* valley about a mile or 14 mile wide,
by crossing a sninll range of hills of clay and ~ancl-stone,
by a short gorge, about 18 or 20 feet wide. (10) Up this
second valley t he road is better, at tlie distalice of 3 ~ililes
froin the gorge, saw our tents at Beebee Nanee, about a mile
from which, we came to nuinerous tombs of stones, and
one of brick, on both sides of the road. I t is considered a
Holy place, and the dead are brought to it for interment
from 11 grent distance, said to be the bodics of trn~.ellel-s,
murdered by t he Murltees ; a tribe of lawless, con;rrdly
robbers, ~ 1 1 0 live ill these ~v;~utcs, who mill not attaclc
arined Inen, but will ltill travellers when aslcep, or entmp
them and stone them, ~vithout roi~ning any risk themselves.
rC
(11)
Our caillp at the f ~ ~ r t h e r cnd of this vi1llcy, where
we crossed tlie Bolan, at Beebee Nanee, 1nuc11 swollen
and rliscolored by the rain of this morning. Tliere are two
caverns i n the mountain, on the left, irfter crossing the
river, ~vliich go by t l ~ c name of Beelee Nanee; (12) but
no human habitation to be secn.
The Cavy.-The Nd. Qr. and Infy, camp were itcross tlie
river; that of the H. A. nlld Cavy. on the ICirta side of it.
There weye graves netrr Hd. Qrs.
Distalice marched 9 miles, I furlong. The elevation to-
day above the level of the sen 1695 feet, or 614 feet above
Kirta, (13) this gives the increased rije of 1 in 77 feet:
tliermoil~eter at 3 P. n1. 72'. Thunder and ligl~tilillg
+-
(10)
You cnrt enter tlio second valley without going tlirough this
. .
gorge, by
to the right md round it.
(11)
A description of Tlrug. Abo~~t 30 ;~ttaclced a ilackery tliis
n~orning, and were boaten off by three Iiorsemen who nccidcnttrliy
cnme up.
(12)
\Vhich we may trnnslnte t o be tire ('Old Lady of the ~riount;lia."
In Hindustani, Beebee (lady) and Nnnee (gr:indrl~other).
(13)
Gurm-ab beyond it, tlie place at whicli the rise WiiS calcrl-
- luted.
1-1 2
52
&lurch ilk dlte Batan Pass.
ai~rl ririn ;kt smi-set ; n gale of wind, and so~lic Ileavy
dlowers clurii~g the niglil, sncl very colt1 : m:my tents blolvl'l
do~vn, (14)
5.-Mnlsch 20 ALi-goont, (19th Mi ~rch, 1939).-Marcllctl
at 5 '1. A[., tliernlo~neter 50'. The road this n~onl i ng had
rnucll more of ascent tlian heretofore, and llle gusts of ~vi nd
were so violent, t hnt it was ilificnlt to lieep olir seats 011
liorseback. Th e saine dreary waste was aro~ulcl \IS, i~11d we
s a~v snozu-capper1 mountnins, which we shall appronch to-
~llorrow. The road pi ~ssed Lhrougli two valleys, betmeen wl ~i ch
the (listmlce of t he hills ~sliich bound tlie road, tilay be 2 t o
300 j nrds in so~nt ! places; crosscd the river several times ;
a t one place i t n7ns 35 feet deep, passing through thieli grass,
an(\ n~tirshy gronud, about 3 iuiles froin our new cillllp.-
Tlie site of our cnlnp is the salne fro111 ~ v l ~ i c l ~ the etlgineers,
srrppers and llliners mcrc driven a few ~l i gl ~t s ago (15),
and cvery table, choir, aad tent, was ~vnshed don?n by tlie
sudilen ~ i s i i ~ g of Lhc river, or mount-din torrent. We ell-
cnlnped ill liigher grouod. l l a ~~n i n g s t r c a ~ ~ ~ s of goorl ~vat e~;
close t o c:rwp : 5tr011y miii(\ i\t nigllt. There are soine
11ouscs on tllc Iefl-hnud side of the ronil. Thc distance
mnrcllcd to-[li~y, 8 n~i l r s, 5 furlongs. Tlie elevation abol-e
thelevel of thc sen I ns 9,540 fcct, or 845 Feet nbovc Beel~ee
Nnlice ; being n risc on this nlnrcli of 1 foot in 51-niac11
greater t l i : ~ ~ ~ ill t he l ast mnrc11. Tlie p ~ l c i n full force, iuld
tlicrmomcter a t coon 60'. Strong mind during the night.
Tl ~er c were lo117 liills t o our riglit, and close t o camp, fro111
1vhic11 me could scc t he ope11 roacl in advance for ;I consicler-
able distance.
(I.&) Obliged to fi~vtcrl tlie tent-ropes to large sto~~cs, and pile stones
on the ropes, to prevcnt the tcu~t-pins being forced out of the ground.
I t nns impossible to sleuj), expecting every niinutc the pole of the tent
t o brenli, or t he pins to be ~~ulletl out of the ground, by the sudden
rrnd strong gusts of vuinil.
(Is) l ' he 15th of' JI;ircl~ ; tho tlag before we nlarcl~ed, nndon whicll
it blew a gale of v;intl all clay. Tl ~c y Iintl cncan~~icd i n the bed of tlie
river, whicl~ we found quite dry. About one or two 11liIes further on,
is tlre red Abi-gooin, (turn of the stream,) where the ground is no re
open.
Ma~cJa in the Bolnn Pass. 5 3
6.-March t o Sir-i-Bolaw, (16) (20th March, 1839.)-
Thern~onleter at 4 A. M. 52O. Marched to-day a t 5 A. M. nlitll
a N. Mr. wind mllich pieited t o tlie bone. The ascent t hi s
morning mas greater t han we had yet f o u ~ ~ d it, while tlie
road I V ~ S still stony and pebbly, and lay through t he bed of
a nio~uitain torrent. A slight dcscent, at first, in the road.
The valley narronred s good deal, i~11d precipices of sitncl-
stone, pudding-stone, aiid loose earth and pebbles, over-
liung our route ; while in our front glistened in tlie Inorii-
illg sun, tlie sno~v-capped mo111lCains ; t he streams hi~cl
lost their dcptli, t ~l i c l every thing indicated an i ~i creased
elevation.
At about ti iliiles came t o Sir-i-lUuljool; where ar e somc
I<hujoor (Date) trees on tlic right of tlie road, on a rising
grouiid and some green fields, and a spriilg of water.
Except CC Drubhee" on t he firs1 marcl~, this was t he only
e
green spol me inet with in t he Pass. There mas soi r~e snow
on tlie monntains a few miles off.
After inarching 34 rniles more, me came t o the camp a t
Sip-i-Bolav~, distance from t he last grouncl 9 iniles and 5
fui.longs. The elevation above tlie level of sea this march
far exceeded t hat of tbe last, being 4,494, or 1,954 feet
above Abi-Goom, giving a rise of about 1 in 25 feet, Lhe
grcatest me found i n t he Pass. Thermonieter at 3 p. nr. (36'.
The destruction of animals, and camels, this clay, has
been very great, and the horses of the Artillery mere greatly
distressed-8 horscs (2 additional) to cacll gun and t he
assistance of tlie Infantry, hardly sufficed t o bri ng them
into camp. Tfie Horse Artillery wcre fivc 1iou1-s i n marching
P
from tlie last ground (9a miles). (I'j)
(16)
Or, IIcad, or source, of the river Bolan.
1'ITben J4:ljor C~i re-
ton's advance party was here on tho 15th &fnrcli, 1539, tliere \r7a9 s
snow-storm wliich Itilled i~ great number of camels and other ani -
mals, an11 occnsioned greet loss of property.
It is not safe to enter
the Pass very early in Mirrch; ns there is grent danger of having s11ow-
sturnls, and very cold \re:~ther.
( 17)
'rho Crtn,el brtllery got on very well ; the cilnlcls in this Pass
..-
performe11 their work with mure case tlis~l tlie l~orses. Some of Ll~o
54
Ji n~c7r ozd of the Bolati Pass.
He r e tllerc is rlot a bladc of grass to bc s c e ~ ~ .
Thc road
f r om Sir-i-I<Ilujoor to Sir-i-Bolnn w:rs constantly inter-
sect ed by tlie st rea~i l of tlie rivcl.. Tllcrc is a spring in t he
r o c k at Sir-i-Bolan, on the left of thc road, close to
wher e onr Calnp \vas ; and it is from this spring that t he
Bola11 river ht~s its source. (18)
-
Lt.-Colo~lel Wade this day arrived at; Pesliawer.
7.-March t o Head of nlzd beyond tile Pass, (21st March,
1839.)-Tlierni0111eter n t 5 A. M. 44'. Tlie troops having
a long marc11 before them, they were ordered tn cook and
eat their dinners and be ready to march.
Tlie order yester-
day mas, Camp to be strucli at day-break, tents loaded,
and sent to the molith of the Pass, aid the ca111p to be
pi t ched in the valley ; an escort to be scnt with tlie biiggnge,
wh i c h is to be allowed to move off till 12 A. 31.-after which,
n o t till the troops shall h:ive m;irched. (19)
Tlie troops to
cook, a ~ l d be prepared to lilove at 2 P, ;\I.''
v-
cnl-uels of officers mere preserved by being fell with florlr, goor, and
g h e e ; t he mode of feecling srirvaree (riding) camels. Tlrcre \\,;IS very
l i t t l e cnlriel forage nt this place.
( 16)
l'l~e Ilills near carup wcrc of 110 great height ; pi quet s a c r e
pl a c e d on eacli (luring tile evening, and rcmniued tliere ;dl night.
Pr r r t i es o f tlra enemy nliglrt 11;ive annoyctl us froni tliesc Jreiglrts, but
me s a\ r no enemy. Prom the lreiglit to oar ri gl ~t , ficlds of cultivntion
were seen. l' lre distance I)et\veen the Irills on t he rigtit and l ef t was
a b o u t 300 t o .tOoyards. Tlie camp was obliged to be a very stri~ggling
one.
(19)
'l'lie grain-camels to be sent off before 11 A. nr. or after 2 r, ar.
ns l e a s t I~arnssiirg t o t he cntLle, the object being to enable the troops
and bnggnge to clear t he Bolan Defile beforc rigl lit; and be prepared
t o pass t he sterile plain' to Sir-i-A6 with ns little inconvenience t o
Ls
t r o o p s nnd followers :IS possible. I t wns snpposetl t l ~nt there was no
wa t e r at Dusllti-Bedowlut, 12': niiles 11c11ce and 2: heyonci tlie Pass.
Ti l e RlIarch to Sir-i-Ab, \r,oultl 11i1ve been 95; miles. The mushurls, Bc.
we r e orilercd to be frlled with \vater, and sent with the troops. I n to-
day's or der s extrn clran~s viere orclcl-ed to bu given to tllo 3 Cos. 1-1. M.'s
13th Lt. Infy. enrployed this afterrioorr ns a working party 1r.it11 the
Ar t i l l er y; nnd $so t o tlie men of tlic 2 '1'. 2 B. [I. A. Tlre Chief
En g i n e e r went with tlle S, and 11. in aclvnnce into tlre Vnlley. hlajor
Leech gave the d6jeun6 staff a dejeline R 1~jburchetia consisti~rgof a Iamb,
r oa s t e d wliola and stuffed with raisins, k c , in the true Aflgl4cr7~ style.
-
March out of the Bolan Pass.
55
The morning wa s clear and still. Th c camp laid beforc
us7 wi t h tile snon?-clad niountains on the right, and tlie
strean1 gushing f roll1 the mountain on t he left, ('20) which
gives t he name t o t he Pass-tlie picture was fine and cven
gr and; while t h e stream was tainted with tlie dead bodies
of camels, &c. Tlie roiid lay tlirougli t hc saliic bed of
pebbles, until we passed t he river 13olan, when t he hills
closed ; and r educed t he valley t o about a quart er of ii mile
i11 width.
At about five niiles there were soine stunted trees 011 ci ~ch
side of tlie road, tlie precipices becaille lllore a b r ~ ~ p t , iuid tile
confusion of t he clifferent st rat a was beyond dcscriptiuii. Tlie
ascent was consitlerablc, and tlie Pass grrrdnally ~ ~ i ~ r o ~ \ f e t l ,
unt i l i t wouild througli sonle high hills, tlie s11adon.s of
whi ch left us cool for a little while; tlie sun and rntlii~tion of
heat were far f r o m pleasant.
Ther e were gr oups of starved calilels, and liere iwtl therc
a horse, and a bullock ; men, .cvoiilen, ;md cliildron crc~\\fded
tlle road, and l ay a moi ~g t he stones basking ia tlie siin ;
every tlliiig inc1ic;rted our graclual approach t o Elle head of
t he Piiss.
T h e l ast t h r e e miles t o the hcnd of the Pass, the road is
good in nlany pl aces ; but this is' t he most commnndi~ig p i ~ t of
t he Pass. l l l l e road i s i n seine places not niore than 40 t o
60 feet wide, wi t h perpeiiclicu1:~r rocks 100 feet liigli ; from
which an e n e my cotild give a inost destructive fire. (21)
(20) A valley is also to be seen from the height orr the left, just
nbove the spring.
(21)
It was from this part of the Pass that the Belochees, or rether
~ul c ur e , (having cro\vned the heights) annoyed tlie column m:~rching
with the 37th N. I. The Con~g. officer wira obliged t o send up parties
t o dislodge them. Tllispnrt of the l'ass consists of n road saryingfrom
40 t o 60 feet, and flanlted, on each side, by high perpentlicu1:ir hills,
vvliicli you can only escend at either end; so that, if the precaution
of cro\\,uing the I~eigl~ts be not used, and you be caught i l l tlie centre
of the pass, 01- distant from eitlier end of it, an enelny is within pistol-
sliot of you ; lie can fire from behind rocks, and retire, aiid you callnot
return one shot, with ally effect. C'l~pt. Darutow, 37th N. I. nns
badly wounded in this puss.
50 Elcvntions in the Pass.
At 1 0 milcs, wc reach tlie Gitaict, or licad of t he Pass. Th e
nvcelit of t l ~ c gliaut mas gradual ant1 only about 100 yar ds
in l e~~gt l l . Tl i e cnrrlels londcd, w~illied up and down it wi t h-
out stopping or resting. (22)
Descent from Pass.-After t he descent, whicll is not great ,
a Plaiyi covered with wilt1 thyiilc~ lily beforc us, l ~i l l s cover-
ed snow, spnrlcled ill tllc sun ( ~r e i ~r setting), ilnd a coltl,
~vi l ~r l f r om tlie N. E. swept over it, ilnd t ook froi n
t he sccnc, its ficrccness. (23) Thc dist;u~oe to camp was 2:j
iliilcs; tlie ro: d toolc n turn to t l ~ c riglit; and we clitl not see
tllc cn1111) o ~ i first ciiteril~g tlie vi ~l l ej ~, or Bicsht-i-Bedow-
lilt. (24)
The di s t n~~ce from Sir-i-Botnn t o Dusht-i-Bedowlut ~ v a s
192 ~ni l cs. Thc clcvatiun above llle level of the sea i s 5,793
or 1,299 fcct above Sir-i-Bolnii, which gives a rise of one
foot in 41 in this ini~rcli.
1111~1.~71es in 1He Puss.
Al. I?*
Jl nt l ~~r, ... .................. . ......
1. 1)adur to liolinn I)elan ...... .. 11 0
2. I(vl~an Uelnn to Itirtn (or
Gurm-lib,) .................... 10 b
3. Icirtn to Dcebcc Nsnue,, .... ,... 9 1
4. Heelbee Nanec to Abi-i-Gooin, 3 5
5. ill)-i-(>oom to Sir-i-Bol~~n, ... 9 6
6. Sir-i-l3ol;r11 to ]lend of Pnss, ... 10 0
1 in 360 ft.
(92) Parties were sent here to prevent the crowding of t he camels,
!-
kc, You rlonotsec the Gllnut till you come upon i t ; i t lies to the right,
and the road winds ~~ountl to it. I t is said that tliere isanother road t o
t l ~c right, into the valley; nnd just before you turn to tlle riglit to t he
gl~aut, there is n rand to the left, ~ind in continuation of tlie road
)-on are lesving.
(23) Tl ~ e diin was peeled off onr faces, the effects of n hot-sun,
succeeded by n colt\ wind.
(01) ' r ho t r o~r e~l - l , l ui ~~. This place is also called, iVIt~nnzilgnr, or
halting-place.
(2;) The w)iole rive is 30% ft. from Dadnr t o Dusitt-i-Bcdovl~~t,
making the latter the same l~eigl~t as t l ~ c head of the Pass ; t hi s <livid-
Th e Bonzbny ariliy was t hi s day a t Gnndava, five f r om
l)adol; ai i d 11 mar ches from t hi s place. Wa t e r was f ound
a t Dusht -i -Bedowl ut , a collectioil of rain-water, af t er a
fill1 of mi n, t wo days before ; otlierwisc, we lilust have iiiacle
a iliarcli of 284 miles. TIieriiiometer licre a t 5 P. ;\r. GOo ;
a t d:i.y-brealt i t was as l ow ils 2@.
8. Afat.ci8 to Sit.-i-Ab, (26) (23rd ;llnrcli, 1839.)-?'her-
moilleter 313" a t 4 A. M. Mtrrclied a t 5 A. nr. (27) T h e
roatl, consi st i ~i g of numerous foot-pittlls of s and aiid pebbles,
I;ly, N. W. over t he Dusl i t -i -Bedol ~~l ut , 011 whi ch not l l i ng
but wild t hyme mas seen. Th e viilley is exteilsive t o t l i e ri ght
illit1 left, aft er l eavi ng D~isht-i-13edon~lut. T o t he N. and
S. were liills covered with s now ; bleak mou~i t ni ns, crtlgs,
a i d steeps, bounded t he pl ni ~l oil every side. The t ravel l cr
iiinp pi ct ure to his ~iiillcl, t he horrors of n ~vi nt e r i n sucl i ii
place. At 1 h lililes fro111 l ast canip, crosscd t wo gh;ruts over
d r y rirviiies. Wi t hi u t wo iliiles of t he new gr ound near t he
r
cd by 50 n~ilcs will give n gcriernl rise of about one i n 63 feet, fi.;rctioas
omitted. I l~nve given the (1;rily rise in enclr n ~n ~c h , to enable tho
render to judge of the increased labor of horeeg cnnlels aud bulloclte
clmwing guns, \vngozrs, Iraclteries, kc.
Prom Sliikirrpoor to thls plnce we hnd mirrched 206 miles, of ml~iclr
oti miles of a Desert country betmcen Shi1c:rrpoor and Utidur, (See
pnrn. 1) and t l ~ei ~cc to this plirce 59 miles of Pi~ss, or totill of 1-56 miles
of road, fur~~isliing but scirnty forrrge for our cattle.
\Be were obliged to ccrrrp our sul)plies, not getting a day's supply
any \rllerc on tlic ro;~d. If we li:rd e~itcred tlic Pnss with fresh cattle,
or i~nirnids not jaded irfter ir ~narcli of 833 n~iles fro111 Ferozpoor, (1038
from IZurnal; iricleed sortle of the ctrttle llad mnrcl~ed necrrly 1,200
miles,) tlio ;mimnls ~vonlcl not llnvo been so kiiocked up; but tileg were
worn out 11s n long mirrcl~, 1)nd water, rlntl ~viint of food, and therefore
our loss was very severe, irnd tlrose rcr11;rining lirrd strengtli only equal
to the c;wri:lge of Iialf loiltls. 1' 1s the Rcwnrec ci~meIs (of wlricl~ class
t l ~ey cl~iefly were) irre not fod on gmin, i t will be rendily imagined
wlirit nunlberv would dic on :I ~n;lrcl~, rvllere their food was to be deriv-
ed from ;r Gawcn-coantry.
('LG) The Ilecrd or source (of wnle~s), of the Shalrdeaae Lova river ;
llle spring gushes fi.o~n tlre mour~tcrin to tlie right, in s crystal so-
Ennlc.
(27) BiIggiIg~ not sent i n advance,
L
58 Halt at Siy-i-Ah.'
road, and by t he sides of the. hills we found some wheat-
fields. At Sir-i-Ab, there were no humall habitations t o be
seen. On t he mountains were a few black sheep-skin tents,
ilntl a Aoclc of sheep and goats. The plait1 is a n~ildel.iiess
covered with southem-woorl (or old man). The crocus mid
tulip, bloonied i n t he waste.
There was a slight desccr~t in the country at about 12
l~iiles from t he l ast ground.
Here for t he first time, me saw a long lilie of ILare-
zces (28) r u~i ni ng across the valley fro111 N. t o S.
To the left of Sir-i-Ab ant1 S. from our camp i s a valley
which leads to thc roird to Klzlat about 112 miles dis-
tant. (29)
The troops did not reacli this gro~l nd till 11 A. M., and
the ~rliole of the baggage not till 2. P. BI. About a mile
bcforc we arrived at Sir-i-Ab, (or near t he I hrezees)
there was tl dry ~~ullnli, over which the Pioneers had t o
ninlte n road. (30) Comg. officers of corps and I-lends of
Depts. reminded of the order against t he destruction of
growing crops of nvlient, kc.
Distance ~nar ched to-day was 15 miles, 5 f~tr1ongs. The
thernlometer at 3 P. a!. 75'.
To-night, unexpectedly, TI. hl.'s 16th Lancers marched
into camp from Sir-i-Dolarb 281 miles. (31)
,
9. Ihl t 23rd, 24th, and 25th March, 1839.-On the 23rd
(2s) Subterranean water-courses,by which water is conveyed from a
spri~lg, kc, in any direction to irrigate lnnds, kc.
A well i s first dug of
sufficient deptk, ;rod then n channel to the spring excavated; t hen
other wells ar c made, and the clinnnel continued in the whole line of
direction intended. Wat er is thus procured from n gr eat number of
wells, which tire, naually 30 or 4.0 feet distant from eacli other.
( 29) Captain out r am silys in his journ~rl, 1). 138, Tho road from
Quettn (i. e. one march in adv;mcefrom this) to Kltelot is excellent, b o t l ~
water and forage so abundzrnt that the whole Division (Mnj. GenE.
Willshire's) rnjght l ~nve m:~rcliecl without the snlallest difficulty."
(30) One of the Bengal R. A. horses cnmc down, and very nearly
injured the rider.
(31) Tbey lost many camels. l'lie briggage mas coming in a11 night,
the men left their quilts behind, owing t o the camels falling down.
Halt at Sir-i-Ab. 59
Marcli, 1839, Sir J. Iceane illarclied from Gundava, 12
marches behind, to join us. This morning the 16th N. I.,
tlie 3rd Cavy. and canlel battery, marched into camp.
At tlicrequest of Major Leech (P. A. at Hd. Qrs.) at t e~l t i o~l
of officers Comg. Brigades, Corps, and at the head of Depts.
called, requiring the troops and followers to be '; careful not
to interfere with, or insult the prejudices of the people of
the country, through whicll the army is about to advance."
CC The mosques ilot to be entered by any one, not of t he
faith of those by mlionl they liave been erected."
'' The poles and flags, by the way-sides, are considered
sacred by the people, being emblematical of the grave of a
pilgrim; tliese are, on no account to be removed.)'
(' The surwans and others, :ire to be directed to abstain
fro111 cntting froit trees for forage, for their cattle, or for
other purposes; and signal example will be made, on the
d
spot, of any one who illay be detected, in the act of commit-
ting this offence."
cC Caution to European and Native soldiers from interfer-
ing, when in the bazars, or villages, with the women of tlie
country ; quarrels, and loss of life will attend a disregard.
of this warning."
C'T1~e substance of the above order to be particularly ex-
plained t o the troops ; and proclaimed by Tom-tom througli-
out the clifferent bnzars, and lines of the camp.''
24th Marci4.-The 4th Brigade marched into camp. Few
of the corps have tlieir bagg~ge up, and i n several t he men
have lost their quilts.
The wind rushing down the crannies in the mountains,
V
sweeps cloucls of dust into camp, and nearly blows down
our tents. Hence, no doubt, the natives live in t he caves
in tlie side of the mountains, or in sniall, low tents. Tlie
37th N. I. still at the head of the Pass.
To-day the Cavalry horses were put on hiilf rations.
Officers allowed none. Brigadiers to-day, directed to protect
their own camps.
Order for Marcl4.-The whole of tlie troops (escept
the 4th B~igade, undei. Major-Genl. Nott.) mill move to-
r 2
GO 171a~cli Jlisonz Siv-i- Ah.
inorrow ii~ortiing to\vnrtls Qzccttcr, i n tllc followiog order ;
right ill front.
1, The Cavy. Brigade. 4. No. G Lt . Pielil battery.
2. Troop of H. A. 5. A Regt. of Infy.
3. 2 Regts. of Iofjr.
The Miirch countermnnded; tlie Eiigineer Dept. and n
Compy. of N. Infy. aloilc t o olarch to auet t a, to-niorrow.
10. illarch-orcler ~epeat cd, (25th March.)-'l'herlmon~e-
tei. at 5 A. N. 449
Tllc ordcr of yesterday repealed, except
that no birggage niiimids t o precede the column, or proceed
over night; tlie bnggngr to follo~v tlle troops. Tllc crops on
tllc line of march t o be preserved, and parties posted t o
prevent animals going ovcr the cow-fields. On thc i~rrivnl
at Quet l a, guards t o be posted at each of tlie gates of t he
to\vii, nud orders given to prercnt any soldiers, or fol-
lowers, except t be buneenhs of the di rerent b;v~nrs, enter-
ing it, (32)
Tlie Post, or DBli, having been cut oft' for 10 days, 4
l~lnils ciunc ill :it oncc. Oile of the ruliners had beell shot
dcatl, i ~ n d the blood-stained packet left oil thc road, aiicl
picked 111~ by tile ncst , Att:~li a t 14 seers per 11s. Gram,
noue. (33) Ti i cri l ~o~l l et cr : ~ t 3 r, ar. 66'.
This afternoon Sir A. Eurneu, nccoiiipnnied by Licut.
Pi\tlison, (16th Lancers irnd 11. D. C. to late Br i g. Anlold)
Lt. Si~iil~son, S. A. C. G., and 3Ioonsliee MoliunlaI, st;rrted
forlU~cZut, the object being to induce Me11r:rb Rhal i t o colne
to tcllder his subillissiol~ to II. M. Sliali SI1oojnh-001-Moolli ;
(32) On t l ~ e arriv:rl of t he troops at Quetta, Major Cureton's details
to rejoin their respective Brigades.
11Icmo.-1 H. and 8 Troopers, 3rd Lt. Cavy. with rations for ninn
and horse for sovet1 days, to be s e ~ ~ t at 2 p. nr. for escort cluty, \rpitli
blnjor Crnigie (D. A. G.). 'I'hia officor vent bnclc tbrongh t he Bolrrn
Pass, to meet Sir J. Keane. Ile did not meet hiin till he arrive(\ a t
Bndur, having heen only tl ~rec nights on the road travelling a distance
0174 miles. He mas obliged t o leave ona trooper's horse in t ho L'nss.
Re returned to Quett:r on 3rd April, I~nving n~:acliod 158 111iles in 8$
days, over wretched stnnep-roads.
(35) Indian corn sold for I t lis. for 20 scers ; ; maund C4,O fbs.) of
Bhooss for 2 Rg
Arrival at Quetta. 6 1
and t o obtain a supply of grain. Si r A. 13. intenrled t o
reach liis destination, a distance of 112 ~uiles, i n 3 days : an
escort of 1 Duffadar and 15 troopers, Is1 L o c d Horse,
went with him.
March to Quetta, (26th March, 1830.) Thermometer a t 4
A. AX. 34'. M;rrchcd at day-brenlt ; the road was by :111 ol d
foot-path, or brllloclr tmclt ; i t ~vonnd up t he vallcy, wllich,
after it march of 3 or 4 miles, eshibited signs of cal t i vnt i o~~.
The nlorll~tnili peaks, 011 our r i gl ~t and lcft, mere covered
with snow. These mountains divide the villley of Pesheell
froin Candallnr. Thc route, had a strnighl line bccn drnmn,
mould have been N. N. W. to N. m'. by N. After a shorl
but cold march, me reached Quella-a ~l l ost niiserablc nlrld
town, with n small castle on a monnd, on which there was
a snl dl gull, on a ricltetty carriage. The peilch arid
almond trees mere in blossom. There is a garden, enclosed
d
by n mud-wall, surrounded by poplars ; llulnerous strealnlets
watered the valley, only a few i~lclies broncl, and as many
deep; escept a broad one near camp, !1~hic11 was deep.
Canll) N. E. of Quetta. Thermonleter at 3 P. M. 60". (34)
Thc elevation of this place above the sea is 5,637 fect,
or 156 feet Zowcr than Dwlrt-i-Bedowlut.
Si r J. Keane, to-day, met Shah Shoojah a t Noasllcra, one
march from Dadur, near t he entrance to t bc Bolnn Pass.
I-Ialt until further orders.
Brigr. Arnold (Comg. Cavy.) and Brjgr. Sale (Comg.
Infy.) were directed t o ~ r o t e c t their Camps, while at
Qile tla. (35)
.,
( 38) The thermometol- at 4, A. nr. to-day rna~34. ~, the lowest we have
pet 11nd it. At 3 P. at. GO0 the same as i n the valley just beyond the
l'sss, while the intermediate days, it has rangodseveral degrees I~igller.
(36) Patrols to he sent every two hours to prevent camp-follonpcrs,
or others, elitering the town, by scnling the nnlls, kc .
CHAPTER V.
QUETTA, AND MARCH FROM IT TO CANDAHAR,
1.
Quetla, (27th March, 1839.)-Today 13. M, Shah
Shocg'ah-001-Moolk, the Envoy and Minister, and Sir J. Keane,
arrived at Dadur, 8 marches in our rear. H. M.'s force
had been attacked by the Belochees, between Shilrarpoor
e
and Dadur, and a t one place lost 250 camels. They like-
wise suffered much from m ~ n t of water and forage.
28t l ~ March.-The want of grain now began to be severely
felt. After our arrival, we found the shops which contained
grain, shut. Recourse was had to a strict search in the town,
and at last, Major Leecli, t he Pol. Asst., ordered the grai~i-
shops to be forced open ; but the Commissal.int only obtained
a supply of about 3 or 400 maulids of floul; not equal to rr
day's supply for the troops. Son~e condemued this measure
as liltely t o preveiit people coining to the cainp; bnt me
were i n want of grain. (1) The following order was, there-
fore, to-day published : '< I11 consequeilce of the liinitetl
It qua ~~t i t y of supplies at prese~it in camp, and the coul~try so
destitute as to afford nothing to replenish tlle Conl~ilissariat
stores, Sir W. Cottoil is sorry to be under the necessity
of placillg the Enropean and Native troops and followers
( I )
\17e had here the El. A. Cavy. brigade, Camel battery and 1st.
Lt. Infy. brigade.
'l'lle 4th Brigade w:~s left at Sir-i-Ab, a nlnrc11 be-
hind ; but required t o be supplied from Quetta, and tllc Shah, Sir J .
ICenno and his escort, imd the Bombay colun~n, wero on tllcir way to
join the cnlnp here.
on t hc f o l l a n . i ~ ~ ~ rations, ul ~t i l s l ~ppl i e s c o ~l l e i n : Eu?' opean
soldiers, $ s ecr (I Ib.) of Attali (flour) in pl ace of b r e a d ;
cscc, )t t o rncrl i n Iiospital. Aralive sol di ers and f ol l ower s
I ~nl j ' of t l i ei ~1) r es e, ~l nition." ('2)
'cTlle Nat i ve t roops
follonrers niill receive comnpensa-
iim ill mol j ey, ill lie11 of their half-ration of Attiih, at the
Ncriltli (pri ce) of tlic t h y . M;ljor G~ n l s . Tllack\vell a n d N o t t
will cnusc i t t o br: c s p l n i ~ ~ c d by B~.igiidiel-s, a n d by Of f i cer s
Colug. Rcgt s . t o t he N:iti\rr! Co ~ ~ ~ l ~ ~ i s s i o n e t l a nd Eur ope i i n
;incl Niitivc N. C. O., rii111i n l ~ d file, t he urgency of the cilse ;
l i c flrlly r el i cs on tlic militilry spi ri t mhi cl ~ lias al r vi ~ys nni-
~iintecl t h c Bcn3;tl sol di er, a n d tllnt t hey will llleet hi m,
wi l l i l ~gl y, i n occr comi ng t hi s di fi cul t y; nrliicli he t r u s t s
\ ri l l be of sl i or t duri ~t i on. " (3) Thi s gi ve t he soldier a po1111d
(1) \Irhicll was one seer to the troops, and AnIfa seer to the fol-
lo\rera. It \rill be seen t hi ~t both lhc Europei~r~ ~ui d native soltlier
were lin~itetl to 7 1 d f scer.
\l'l~ilc the Ellropcnns hat1 nleat ~ e r \ ~ e t l
ul11 tu tlluni hesitlus (one lb. 11 clay). I n~entiull this to sl~ow the n~ode
of l cct l i ~~g truol)s ill Iudii~ ; ~vl ~i l e tllcre were plenty of Doornbcc (or fat-
ti~ilccl) sllccl~ to l,e Ilntl. 'I'lle Alnl~on~eilitns eat meat; the I-Iintlus (10
not ge~~c~.;iIIy. Officers ncrc diroctecl tu inq~~ire, tl~rough their Native
oficera, i F ~ I I I J ' ill111 \vIli~t I I I I I I I I I C ~ OF SC~)O!~S, kc. ~u111tl t:~lie r~rt i or~s of
meat. Sonlc ditl t:ll<c tl1c111, but t l ~c sl~eeyr were too tlunr (3 Rs. or 6s.)
for the ~i~l~lp-lirllt~\vers tu ~ ~ n r c l ~ i ~ s c of'ten.
Tllo suldicrs and natives of all classes were on the look out di~ily, t o
sce fur ;I crs~l i ~l seller uf gri~in, wllicl~ 111ig11t be brought to t he cilmp
fron~ tlis villilgus.
1 hI10~111 oI1s~rvt3 that the l l i ~t i \ ~e soltlier reocivcd one seer tli~ily from
the Con~sst.sturcs, pi~ying for llic snnlc; but tllnt tl~efollowers(servnnts,
kc. notrnustcretl ~rersons) unly received lrnlfit seer, so that t he reduc-
. .
tiur~ gave the follu~vers only n qllnl-lel. of a secr (glb.) of flour-too little
for ~ C I I who live chiefly 011 this fond, alrtl ill n colintrjr where (sscept
nie;it) they could prorurc notllirlg else ; nntl often 11111liirlg long ri~nrcllcs !
(3) '* 'l'ho follorvers~vl~osc p;~y isnot dr:~rvn ill Abstract, ilntl w11a rrrc
~n t i l l ~t l t o rations hum t t ~ c gotlosn, will receive their compsnsirtion
from the Erect~tive Comsst. officer ; tllose attached to liegts. t o I)e
drawn for by Cumg. oliiccrs, a~l d those belongil~g to Depts. 01- public
clstaI~lisl~ments, by otticersin cl~nrge of ~ I I ~ I I I . " '' Urigntliel.s, nnd om-
ccra i n charge of Depts. or public est:~l)lishnients, to 111ustcr tlleil.respec-
t i ~ c follolrcra, mid forward, ai t hol ~t deli~y t o D. C. G., certified Rc-
Lurrrs of the numbers entitlcd to riitions fro~ii tllc godown." I t was
No grain for horses. 65
of flour and 2 ounces of Dhall, (4) and the servants half rt
pound of flour, and half an ounce of Bhall.
,
291h March.-Grain selling a t 3 seers, and flour 24 seers
17" Rs. ; n small bundle of Lucerne for 5 Rs. ; a maund of
Bhoosa, 4 Rs. ; a grass sheep, 3 Rs.
30th March.-(Genl. orders) Tlle store of grain for TI.
A. and Cavy. horses being consunled, irnd tile Commissariirt
Dept. being uu;tble to collect a sufficient clnnntity of Bl~oos;~,
(5) or otlier forage for a general issue of rations to troop
horses ; to preserve their condition, till i L fi~rtllec supply of
grain rei~clles the army, Officers Comg. Corps to malre
arrangements, under illstruetioris fro111 Mqj. Genl. Thad<-
well, for the purchase of such forage as rnay be p~~ocumble,
to serve out to the hol.ses, at n rate not exceetlil~g the Govt.
ration." 'C St at en~ent s certifying the quantity of f~ritgge,
and rate of l>urchase, countcrsigued by Comg. Officers, to
be sent to D. C. G., who will cause a refnntl to be u~sclc."
"To be clearly explained that, 110 interfererice with t he
inht~bitants of the country is to talie place ; armed-men not
to eriter their villages under any pretext. If coliciliatory
nleans be used, t he Major Genl. is confident they mill ren-
(lily bring supplies to camp. Major Genl. T. to hold Comg.
officcrs responsible." (6)
intended to give compensntion t o t he servants of officers, on furnishing
statements duly vouched: but it was countermirnded in orders, next
day, and sospended, pentling t he sirnction of Government, for which
urgent npp1ic;rtion was mirtle. No compensirtion was grtmted; but
sfterwnrds Governnient liber:rlly, gave six months ext ra full bat t a t o
officers; and many officers wllo co~l l d procure gmin, bougl ~t i t and
gave an extra qutlrler seer of 11tti111, or t he same quantity of tneat,
t o such of their servants as would eat mutton, or the flesh of goats.
l'lie mustered cst:rblishments, had been put on Itulf-r~~tior~s on t h e
8t h Hnrch, 1839.
(1k) Split-peas.
(6) l'he Chopped straw of wheat, kc.
The SlrnI~, in consequence of the rniscorlduat of t he Crlz!~ of Qucl f cc,
gave up the fields of green barley belonging t o irim, hr the use of tlre
Cavy. k c . Ilorses. 'rile horses went i n n~erchirlg order d~rily from 3 t o
5 P. ar. to foritge in t he fields,
(6)
T l ~ e people who went unnrnled weru murdered, or wounded.
I<
cc The Art y. Park, on reachi ng Sir-i-Ab t o reiiiain llillted
tllcre till f ur t her orders ; tlic 37t h N. I, with it, t o rejoin i t s
brigade."
ccConlisst. Dcpt . t o eri t ert i ~i ~l an est nbl i shmel \ t of 10
Domes, (7) t o reniove slid bur y all deiid ani mal s found ri ear
~nllll).~'
A dBk r unner murdered in tlie Pass, but t he innil found.
2.
Can~els cl~iunz of, $c. (31 s t Marcli, 1839.)-About
nli[l-dnp tlie eneiiiy cnrire clowil fro111 t he hills and drove on'
200 calncls. Th e history of t he case i s ~l i i s : tlie Cimy or
Gorcrnor of Quettir, (S) ill t he viiliey of Sl i a\ ~l , had, f or a
cert ; J~i corl si t l cri ~t i or~ 1.eceired froiu Mi ~j or Leech, tigreed t o
protect t he gor ge of a piiss t o t he N. E. of our cnl i ~p, clis-
tnncc five or s i s miles ; h e did post his people, and whi l e
tlicrc we had n o ;ittaclts fro111 tliiit qnirrter ; but they cleserted
Inst night, niid t he Goveruor also tlis;rppeared ! (9) PiirLies
wclit out fro111 cning i n l ~ur sui t , (10) bat t he ciilnels we r e
C .
cnrried off, a nd the t roops ret nrl i ed to camp in tlie cveiiing.
'I'l~is ltr;ls Ily tile fi l cet i o\ ~s ci~llecl t he bat t l e of Cockatoo,
tllc vi~lley bc i r ~g 1leilr ;L hill ciilletl Tukotoo.
1 s t ilpril.--Tlic A1:ljor Geiil., t hough h e c o ~i i p l i me ~~t e d
t h ~ zeal of oficers, dirrctetl IIiat, '< nrlien ii part y is detncll-
Armed foraging ~~ar t i es are the best to send, tlioy preserve order, rind
rnn defuncl tl~emsel\.es, aiid the people soon lei~rn not to I)e zili~rn~ed,
if ITPII trestcd.
( 7) l'11ey iire tlie lowest class of FIindus. \Be foolid i t dificult
t o ~~roc~i ro them, and olEcers were often obliged to yap people t o
renlorc dead anin~:lls foc~nd near their tent,
111 :i stiinding cilmp,
tlie stench from de:~d can~els, wr~s dreadful.
( 8) An ol11)artsge of 1Clielnt.
$7
(9) 3lel1ri1b 1IJlii11 of ICl~clnt llntl this ninn under his influence, and
t h e Iinli~irs, i i l \ ~ n ~ ~ rei~dy for plunder, readily obeyed the order t o
annoy 11s in every \ray, nnrl henco tlie 1)eople did not corne in with
prubrisioris and grain, so frcqueittly at 151-st.
(10) Lt. Cop., Bstll N. I., s troop of Cavy., re-iaforcecl by tlie wl~ole
of the 2ndCi1rp.: n I\'ing of I-I. i~l.'s 13t11 Lt. III~!~., the Camel-battery,
and n nunlber of oRieers of ri~rllc, a111o1rg others. l'he Cavy. advanc-
ed, found the enemy to be 12 l<nLurs (robbers), I~illted for the 111fy.
]A. Coy., 48th N. I. dislodged t l ~e ~n from the hill.
Lt. Ijasell,
Adjt. e t l l N. 1. lind a shot through his liat !
Scarcity and dearness of p~ovisions.
67
ed, or ordcred oat, no officer, except those beloilgitlg to
it, to proceed with it, as he may be rvarlted with liiu
own corps."
A picquet was sent; early this mon~ing, cons i s t i ~~g of two
Cos. of Infy., (one of 13. M.'s 13th Lt . Infy.) aiid a tlsoop
of 3rd Cavjr. to the gorge of tlie Pass, t o prevcilt caillels
ciitering the valley beyond it, to graze ; or t he ingress of
tlie I<aknrs.
The ~ e o p l e appear alannecl, ai1c1 are cleserting thcir
villages. 19any camp-followers killcd iind nwuncled i n tlie
villages, t o nrhich they go t o parchase grain, (I I ) nncl t he
cultivation near them often destroyed in retaliation.
2nd April.--The picqiiet at tlie pass nllo\ved tlieir own
camels t o go i nt o tile proscribed valley, mlie~l t l ~ e I<;lliurs
canle d o ~ ~ l , aiid drove them off. Tlie Cavy. pursiiecl, and
retunled in the evening without a cninel ; but tliey ovei*toolc
the fellows, liillecl three, moiiilded foul; and made one
prisoner. (12)
The Arty. l'ark ordered t o close up t o the 4th Brigade
to-morrow.
Provisions, ( G. 0.) ' <As the price of provisions claily
increases, owing t op~i vaf e coinyetition, (13) the Maj. Genl.,
at the recoinmenclntion of Major Leech, A. P. A,, publishes
the follo~ving nerikh (price-current), and requests no Righcr
prices iltay be given. Wheat OF ul~cleaned rice, 23 seers-
wheat flonr, or cleu~ecl rice, 2.t seers-barley 3 seers, a nd
I~rtli:u~ corii 3 seers pcr rr~pee."
3 ~ d ily?.il. A pilrty with treasure and camels orderctl to
I)c sent froill Sir-i-All, on the 5t h instant, wit11 Lieut.
P
AZarsli, 3rd Cavy. to the valley of Zl~oos1~tu~rg and Arooshlcy,
to pnrchase and transport gr;iin for the army.
(11) 'I'lruse who lrad i!fg;;lrrt?~ ser\firnts easily procured grail~ by
sc~iding their Ycrboos (pollius) 'l'he N:iti\~es of I-Iir~dustirtl, \yere of
no llse on tllese occirsio~rs, as tl~ey could seldom spc:rlc Persian.
(12)
These dmcrs (prrrsnits) greatly Icnucked 1111 olrr Ci~\')r.
(13) I t is difficult to preverrt rnen hirllstnrved fro111 buying at nrly
price to satisfy t he m:rrrts of nirture ; if rill wo~lld, or could, refuse to
buy cscept st i r certain price, tlicy 111igIit ninkc lilorc firvur;rblo terrns;
Br~t tlrcy will not do so,
JC 2
68 Camp-follozuers killed and wotmdcd.
l<cpentecl t he orrler against nrn~cd people
into vil-
l:lgcs, l ~ ~ ~ d e r pe~i al t y of scvere punishment. Ofliccrs Co~ng.
~ ~ r l j " illid a t t he 11eitd of Depts. to e x p l a i ~~ tlie pcrso~i;ll rislc
1
rllll, by people wandering about, or into the deserted vil-
lagrs. (14)
cGTlie picquet a t the gorge of the Pass to be witl~drnrnn
LIlis evening ; t o be replaced by ir troop of Native Cavy. t o
collie 011 dut y a t sun-rise, it11tl to fill1 back on camp at dus l ~. ' ~
JIiljor Criligie, D. A. G. retnrned fro111 his trip through
tile Bolan Pass, to meet Sir J. ICeniie.
Beirrers allcl other cnmp-followers brought in during t he
day, liilletl or monr~dctl ~vl ~i l e plunderiug. The people retn-
linted, and cailiels \rere stole^^. Tl ~ey brought in beiulls
rind rafters for firewoood fro111 deserted vilages. These peo-
l)lc merc severely punished when ~i i ~l g l ~t . C;iii~els carried
off and recovered by a party under Lieut. Meik, ).I. M.'s
l tit11 Lancers.
.-
Two Serjts. of Arty. trepanned ml~ile olit shooting, and
mutil;ltcd, while it1 the act of giving n I(a1tui; n pinch of
snnlf. (15)
3. To meet the Co??zntflndm.-in-Chief, $c, (4th April,
1830.)-Sir F K Cotton, a11c1 prilicipnl stiiFi, rode with a n
escort to meet Si r J. Ilcal~e a t Sir-i-Ab, lvl~ere the Sl~ith n ~ l d
Favop a11t1 millister also lind arrived. "Tlie Arty. Pirrk, i t s
escort ;li~d the 4t h Brigade of Infy. to lllove fro111 Sir-i-Ab
t o CJuettn, on t he 6t h inutaat."
5th A~~ril.-Regtl. Qr. Mrs. to employ tlieir Bildars (16)
to remove and bury all dead animitls fouad in or near t he
encanlpments.
Solue ciuiiel~ were stole11 and driven offtolvards village. +
Cotllct I'ooxe,with a party of the 211d Cirvy, pi quet pursued,
when the thief urns overtalren. The Conlet wit11 olle cut,
(1'1) l'hey often decoyed our servants into the villages saying
t hy ]lad gri~in to sell, and then murdered ~ I I ~ I I I .
(15) 'Ihe Knliu~ snatched the glln from the Serjoant's linnd, wltich
the sigl;ll; mid they were surroruided by armed men. 'I'he
sejts. killed several bofore they were cat down.
(16) Rlen who use shovels, &c. attached to Regts.
Arrival of the Commander-in-Chief. 69
took off his head, and broaght three pt.isoriers, ant1 the ca-
mels back. Tlie Bombq column to-day reached Dailul;
eight l ~~i i r cl ~es in our rear.
62t h Ap?*il.-A salute of 19 g~ui s announced the arrival of
H. E. Lieut.-Genl. Sir J. ITem~e, Co1ur.-in-Chief of t he
A~rn?y of the Indu.9, wllo n~arclletl in with his Escort of tr
Wing of the 1st Bombay Lt. C~ L V~ . , and of the 19th Regt.
N. I.
A guard of Honor of Infy., with the Royal colors of
13. M.'s 13th Lt. Infy. and tlie Biind, wit11 No. 6, Light
Fd. battery, iiiarched to Sir-i-Ab, this nlorning, to salute
H. M. Shah Shoojali-001-Moolk, on his arriviil there. A
srilute of 21 guns on his reaching his camp. The Shah
and the Envoy arid Minister, encalnped to-day near the
town.
O~de r of Thanlc~.-~' 13. E. the Comr.-in-Chief having
--
arrived in camp, and assun~ed command, ill person, of the
Army, and having directed Maj. Genl. Sir Mr. Cotton to
resume command of the Bengal Infantry, of tlie 1st Divi-
sion, lie (Sir IT. C.) cannot give up charge of the Bellgal
colun~n, without expressing in the strongest and warmest
ternis, his thanlts to Milj. Genls. Thack~vell and Nott,
Brigrs. Sale, Arnold and Roberts, to officers Conip. Corps,
i u~d to the Officers and men genei-ally, and t o Miij. Craigie,
D. A. G., Maj. Garden, D. Q. M. G., and Miijor Piirso~is,
D. C. G., and to the oflicers of the several Depts., for the
r
ad~iiit.able manner in wllicli their duties have been concluct-
ed, and for the good conduct and soldier-like beliaviour of
the troops dlwing a marc11 of Inore than 1,100 miles."
h
Order f b r Mnvclt.-The Cavy., H. A., and 1st Brigilcle of
Infy. No. 6, Lt . Fcl. battery, wit11 tlie sappers iuid n~iners,
to lnove t o-n~o~row, in the following order.
Tlie sirppers and mincrs, under an escort of 2 Cos., will
.
quit camp at 4 A. M. (17)
I I
(17)
The cnttle carrying their tools only, to nccomp;my tl~ern :
remairlder of their baggage must rettlain till the Coiulx~r~ cluits t ho
ground.
I
70
@der of March from Qtletta.
1, 14. &I. I3tlr Lt , Infjr. 5. A Re$. of Cavy.
2. 9 T . 2. 13. 1-1. A. G. T h e Treasure.
3, 2 Itegts. of C~L\'J'. 7. Ret ng. It egt . of Infy.
4, No. 6, Lt. Pd. battery. ( Col umn ri ght in front.)
ficlygnge to nlove in t he following order.
l Bt . Of 11. E, the Co11ir.- 3rd. Cornmissal-int Fi el d
ill-Cllicf, and Staff of Divisions, DepGt, and grai n cattle.
al l t l Bl.igiitles-untler Provost
i\Iarslinl.
31ltl. Ba g ~ n g e of Regts.,
llrldur ilt1 ofher
from cacIl corps ; and inarch-
ed to nc\v ground, ill t he or-
(ler in which Regts. move i n
t hc colu11111.
flea,. Guard.-Of 3 COS. of N. I. nnd one t roop of C:LV~.,
r.
will bring 11p tlie alliole, i ~ n d t he ofi cer Comg, i t mill not
-
-
quit ciunp till t he baggilge ie off t he gronnd. (18)
4. Order hy Sir J. ILeune, +.-I. "H. E. t he Comr.-
in-CJl~icf, I i ; ~\ l i ~~g estnblisl~etl hi s I-Itl. Qt~s. rvitll the advance
colril~l~i, c i ~ ~ ~ t t o t but cspress hi s gratification at t he pr oud
posi l i o~~ i n which he is plilced b y t he c o m~ l ~ a ~ i d of such fi ne
troops ; illso at Ilavitlg received c1i;vge from hi s frientl, a nd
fornier compattion i n t he Ficld, Maj . Genl . Si r W. Cotton,
to ~rhom his t h; ~~l ks are tlnc, foil t h e able and judiciolls
inntlller ill mllicll he has conduct ed tllc mal.cl~ of t h e
Bellgal column, over a gr eat distinice of coulltry, from
Fcrozl)oor to this, crousing t h e I n d ~ s ; and overcotne the
diflicrllties between Shi l rxrl ~oor t o Dadur, and p;Lssage of
the Bol t 1~ Pass, with Arty., Cavy. and In$., ;md arrive(] in
P
(1s) i L Cnpt. \Vatt will direct l ~ i s treasure-camels to move with
tllose of the Fd. 1%)-office, i n front of the rear Regt. of Irify. i n the
culumn. The reesalnl~ of I-lorse at his disposi~l, will afford ample
pn~tertion to l he stores of the Del>6t."
-'Tile Local Horse wi l l be posted, at convenient distances, nlong
the line of baggage nni~n;~ls."
" 'The Baggage Waster held responsible tllnt no bnggnge preccdes
' the troops. A pnrty of L, tI. will be at Capt. Nnsh's disposal, to give
effect to these orders."
Disposition of Tro ops-De11o"ts.
7 1
qtfghanistan i n :L highly creditable order, a~l ( l the Colllr.-
i n-Chi d will not fail to report Iiis setltilllents, iIl these
terms, to his lortlsliip t he Govr. Gel,]."
3.
" Maj. Genl. Si r UT. Cotton, will resunle coml11~11tl
of the 1st Division ; and Mtrj. Genl. Nett of t he 2nd Brigu(le,
fro111 ~vhich tliese officers werc, temporarily, transferred in
G. 0. of 4t h Decembe~, 188S."
4.
" Lt.-Col. Dennie, will deliver ovcr t he col i l r na~~~l of
the troops a t Sliilinrpoor, i ~ n d proceed to joili llis Regt.
the tirst favorable opportunity."
5.
"13rigr. Gordon, Comg. i n Upper Sitide, will receive
orders, to send on to t he advance, iLS occ~s i ons 111i~y offer,
the 3 ltegts. of Bcnyal Infy. now at Shilrarpoor; t hey will
be sent by st rong cletaclimel~ts, guartli~tg provisions nttd
treasure: t he 35t h Rcgt. t o be t he first scnt on."
6. Dep6"t f or ordnnnce and Comsst. stores, will be
formed irt L)adt&r, and a t Quetta, and at eiicli of tliosc posts,
a ltegt, of N. I. will be quartered, with n rcssalah of Locnl
Horse, and such detnils of 15. M. Shali Shoojah's troops,
as niay hereitfter be sl~ecifietl.~'
7.
" Maj . Genl. Nott, with tlie I-Id. Qrs. of t he 2nd
Brigade, t o renlain i ~ t Quetta ; and mill exercise a gellcriil
superintendence and militirry co~itrol within the province
of Sl~uruZ. (10) The 43rtl N. I. t o stand fast a t Quettii,
and I ltegt. of Infy., with :L ressiiliih of I-Iorse fro111 13. M.
Slial~ Shooji~h' s force, also, will be left nt t hat place."
8.
cr 011 tlie arrival of t he 35th N. I. a t D~t l ur , the 3
Cos. of tlie 37t h PIT. I., no\v there, will be replircetl by n
similar (letnil from tliat corps ; wliich, in i t s turn, will bc
~1 relievetl, and pushed forward on the arrival of tlie l t egt . of
the 2nd Brigade, destined t o occupy tliiit place."
10.
C c 111 a service of this lrintl, having ill view
in-
terest of t he public, as well ns that of t he Artlljr, :1lld
follolvers, it seenis inespedieiit tliat t1v0 distinct Colllsst.
(19) Cnpt. Bean, 23rd N. I. was appointed Pol. Agent at Ql~etta,
and in the province oE Shawl.
This l~rovincc was the gift oE a king of
Affg11;lnistnn to one of his nobles, for service performed, as n Slinln
(Shnwl) or dowry with tiis wife.
Establishments, tlrawing in connexion one with tlie other,
slioulil cxist ; i t i s tlierefore ordered tlint Major Parsons,
t he D. C. G., Bel ~yal Army, shall ttrlre on liilnself tllc
general direction of tlie Comsst. Depts. botli of Bellgal aiid
Bombiiy." (30)
11. C c R e l u ~ n s by t he Heads of Depts. with troops of
each Presidelicy, t o coiitiiiue ; mc1 ;\I1 periodical papers and
~ e p o ~ l s required I)y tlie Regiis. of t he service to t he I-Id.
Qrs, of t h e Army of Bellgill and Doliibi~y to be tmnsmitted."
12. 'c Maj. Genl. Tltackwell aritl Brigr. Xlevenson, Conig.
troops bot h froin Bengnl and Bornbay, will report for tlie
ioformirtion of 13. E. t he Co111s.-in-Cliief tlirougll tlie StnK
officers of the I'resitlency to ~vliicli tlie corps, or detach-
ments hiippen t o bclong."
13. " Th e officers Going, a t Shiliarponr, Dntlur, and
Quettn, will report direct to the D. A. G. of the Presidency
t o which t he troops belong, all cnsonlties, aiid occurrences ;
r-
and nse their utliiost influence t o aid the ofiicers of tlie
Cornsst. Dept., or t l ~ei r tlgcnts eilrployetl i n tlie collectioi~
of grnin for the troops ; alld ilfirtl arlequnte escorts, when
provisio~is ;ire forwirrtled t o tlie aniip."
14. '(Officers, of \vlintcver r;uilry iiiust not fail, iii pass-
ing tlirough tliose sti~tions, to report their arrival nlld
departure, t o tlie oficers Comg. t he posts in questioll, for
the inforlrration of t he Comr.-in-Chief."
5.
Occurrences and sl at e of gffairs, (6th April, 1839.) -
The Lancer patrol this morniog was fired on from n
loop-holed mud building ; tlie piccjuet came up; a few of t he
men <lismot~nted, si1c1 rill1 up to tlie building, ;ind as t he
garrison presented their mt~tchloclts, t he Lallcers seized -I
(90) "Capt. Ilrcllt is, at present, nt the Head of Lhe Field Cornsst.
nncl office of Accls. of the Bengnl troops ; arid Ci~pt. Dauidron, at the
Head oftho Bo~nt uy Coinsst.nil1 act in tile sa~ile situation for ~ l l e Born-
bay troops; under the orders of Mi~jor I'."
Cnl~ts. \V. and D. will have sul~erintentlence over the Cornsst.
officera in charge of Brigades ; and exercise cmitrol over their Accts. :
811 mattors relating t o provisionirig the truol)s, will be rcferretl by
the latter l o the former. 'The nbove not to interfere with the Ilegns.
of the respective Governmcnts,"
State o f d f f a i ~ s at I<helat. 73
tlieiii, wrenclled tlieui o11t of tllcir liaiids ; u~iroofed t hc
building, inid pistoled t he si x men iiiside, lcilled 5 and
wouiided 1 ; tlie rest, outside, ran up thc mountidi~s.
Sir. A. Bz~rnes returned nbont this time froiii l i l ~el at , but
without any supplies. hiIeliri11) I<linn innde many escuses
for not; furnishing grain, s i ~ j ing t hat 11e could iiot force the
gr;lin ii~ercliailts to sell, wliilc i t was l<nown tliat they were
3vilIing to sell, but dared not t o do so without his orders.
Another object of Sir A. 13:s inissio~i was, to t ry ui d bring
the I i I ~nn t o tender his subi~~issioii, in person, t o tlic Shall.
Here too, hc iiiterposcd obstacles ; lie silitl lie wns a poor
BelocA, aild ~711~1 liann could 7 ~ c do, that 11e 1 ~ ; ~ s i~ttilchecl
to the Icing's service, (21) ancl tliat if tlie Envoy aiiil
&Iiiiistcr rvould give hini thc 'Clstiqbal" (or mretiiig) lie
~voultl comc. (23) There were several interviews, during
mliich the I<lian ~voul d not allow eve11 his ~ni ni s l e ~ t o be
present. Tlie I<him, moreover, before he entered illto any
c'
treaty, \\mnted t o obtain Iiuracltee and i t s port in Siiidli,
but he wilivcd this claiill 011 t he British Govt, agreeir~g to
stand between liiin and t l ~ c liiiig, and giving liiili 1 $ L;11<11
of Rs. (315,000) ; for which lie said lie would protect our
supplies, convoys, kc. (23)
Not inuch grain was obtained by tlie Convoy \vliich mas
seilt to the vaIley of 11Ioostung. To judge of tlie condiict of
Mehrab IChi111, who said to Sir A. B.-'C You I~uve ~ T O U ~ J L ~
an Arm9 into l 7~c cozctzt~g ; Aut ?lo20 do you pyopose t o take
il out agai7z ?"-it is iieccssnry t o state, t hat i t was, after-
nfartls, ascertaitied, t hi ~t the iliglit before t he depnrture
c
(21) 1L'lrclrit always ljelonged t o the Dool.crnec empire, and i t is
qiiite true as t l ~ e IChim said, " \\'hen the Shall wns defe:~ted i n 1934,
at Candi~hr~~; and so~l ght shelterl~cre, I grve i t t o him; I I I I ~ when urged
by the chiefs of C;~nclnl~nr t o give I~iln up, I refnsetl."
( 22)
l ' l ~i s \ vo~~l t l not 11nve been according to etiquette, and \\-as
t a n t r ~ n ~ o ~ ~ r ~ t t o :I refus111.
I t is said 11e \\*as afraid t he ki ng would scize nild imprison 11i1o ;
I~ovcrer, lie Ivns told no sucli tliirig sl~ould occur, arid t l ~ t ~ t 11e sl ~onl d
be escorted bi ~ck to ICl ~el i ~t i n s;~fety.
(23)
I-le col~ld ht~\re brought ;\bout eight or 10,000 Uelocliees into
, t l ~c field if t l ~ e j ~ wcre unitccl, i ~nd i C he 11i1d inoncy.
L
of Sir A. Burncs, a plitn lind been forined to rnzmkr
tlic whole pi~rty, whicil was defcnteil by their unexpected
departure. (24)
Di sl ~ess of the fol1owe~s.-So scarce and dear Iind grain
become, tlint solne of t he cainp-followers were b1iow11 to
have fried t he sltiiis of the sheep, aiid to Il;lve cnten tlieii~,
and also to ki:rve dcvoured t he congealed blood of aiiiinals,
roots, Prc. The tliennometer, here, i kt 5 A. ar. averaged
froin 30' to 55O ; ancl tit 3 r, ar, froin 5S0 t o 7G0, while we
liitrl, at tinies, heavy rail1 aiid cold cut t i i ~g wind. Tlie
Bo~1~bag Col u~l ~i l ilri\s ~ i o w at Datlu?; near tile entrance t o
the Pass, S n~nrclieo ill our rear. There were delaclin~ents
of Bengnl troops illso there. Tlie l3elochees mere daily
attitclring mid cnrrying off t he cattle beloi~girig to the troops
of both.
'' All open coilnimiiicntion with their jkont anrl yen?; wils
entirely cut off, cxcept by large detacliinerits; and these
we r e illvariably nicnaced by stroiig bodies of Beloch
horse." (25)
(.).I.) I irns tolrl so by Lt. Sinipson, S. A. C. G., olio of t l l ~ party.
The 1Zl:iln sr~itl, (' Your iIrnly will be st;rrretl, and tlla &ter of tho
country will liill you19 people."
(85) Capt. Olltrani sr~ys, 11. 59, t hat the Bnnlbng c01un)n " was oblig-
erl to wait at Dl i d u ~ for sopplies from Sl~iliu~poor,"
St~iknrpoor t o
U:ldur i s 10 n~arches. l'lie l3ombay colun~n made 12 rnarcl~es from
Lurkliana to DntErlra. I-liid i t i ~ ~ i ~ r c l ~ e t l from Li~rkhana vi5 Sl~ilcar-
your (5'3 miles, o r four mnrol~es) i t woiild 11nve nii~de two n~i ~r c he s
Illore ; but \vould llave snvcd time, i u ~d l ~nve procl~recl snpplies nt Shi-
lmrpoor. 'I'ho ohjcct of the me r c l ~ vi3 the Gundnvc~ Pi~ctas wns, t o t r y
nud nlove by ICl~e!c~l, and t hr~s, avoid t he Bolun PI IS.^ and tile roote
het\veen Slliki\rpoor :\rid D~ I I ~ UY. ' I' l~o marc11 of troops v i i Iihelnt,
~rould have been useful, but cuuld not afford the time it toolc; whicl~
cxused delny, a r ~ d n consun~ptiol~ of ollr pro1 ' i SIOIIS. '
'l'l~ere IVRS one pcrson \ vl ~u thouglit our adrance frnugl~t ~vi t h gr eat
danger, from the cert:iili prospcct ofst:rrvation ! Tliecor~tentsof nl et t er
lrrittan l ~ y this persun were, by niere i~ccident, nl;\cle litlo\vn to allotlrer
pcrson. I t contained n proposiil t o counter-marc11 tlie Dcngal columri
by duuhle furcecl marches, froln Qirett:l to Sl:ilc;~rpoor, nr~d one ltegt.
with two guns, was clcstir~ed to bc ii~tru~lclred nt tlie I-fei~cl of t he I'i~ss,
till the cu\amn Ilad got through i t t o Di~dur. The Bon~bng column was
t o l e a ~ c guns, k c . behind; nnd push through t he Guntluua Pass t o
11Iarel~-Quclla lo lioocldliik Pass. 75
I lliust 1101: omi t t o nleiltion t hat whi l e Si r J. Iieallc,
was at Sir-i-Ab, one mnrcli ill our rear, hi s c a mp was
nttnckcd by plunderers, 11111e11 I 1 were sei zed in t h e act,
and t he fact bei ng proved, were s u ~ ~ l ~ i ~ a r i l y deal t wi t h and
shot . Thi s exampl e nvrs necessary t o det er otliers, and
~ ~ ~ t i s warrant ed by tlie custo,n oj'wci~ and b y necessily. (26)
6. Murcl ~ fr'ona Quettu to IioochZdlc, ( 7t h April, 1839).-
Leavi ng t he force, above dclailcd (27) a t Qnetta, t h e
t roops illarctled t hi s iaorning. Sl i ort l ~r after leaving camp,
we lleard repeat ed firing, rvliicli t l i r ~i ed out t o bc tlie
shoot i ng of 60 liorscs bel ongi ng t;o tlie Cavalry, 11~1licli h:ld
bee11 reported, by a Comiiiittee, iu t oo weak to proceed on
tlie march !
Tl i ere a r e t hr ce roads or passcs from Quettit towitrds Can-
dahar ; olle t o t he ri ght N. E. (28)) a~i ot l i er to t he N., a n d
a t hi rd t o tlie N. W. \Ire ~ni t rched by t h a t t o t h e N. W.
T h e roar1 l ay domu tlie VitllC!~' over 117.r.ater-courses, ditches,
r
a nd fields of c o w. 117e s aw a number of tlie dcnd boclics
of camp-followers oil l l ~ e road, anrl tlie barbarous savages
of soch deeds, scowled on us, from their mountain-peitlts.
Larldtana! ! ! Tliis because wo liirdonly about nine daysfull rations
in camp. \Ve sliould have been in n pretty position, with horcles of
Uelochees, kc. attaclcing our rear and flirnlts! !!
(26)
Sir A. \Vellesley (Dultc of \Vollington) !\,rote to Col. i\.lu~ray,
letter tlnted Bombay, 1st April, l R O4 , irs follows : LC Ho\rever, 1 think
th;rt Bheelu, :rnd people of tllirt description, n-hose profession is plunder,
and who conie srnled into thc crlnll) for that purpose, ougi ~t not to be
considered and treated as con~rtzorz ro6ber.s. l'lley ~rre public enoaies
and rcbelv against a11 autl~ority, and 1 reco~nnlencl tllitt when o11e of
them is c;ruglit i n the cnnip, wlietl~er i t be situ:rted in the Colnpa~~y's
territories, or in tliose of the ltaj:rl~, lie miry be shot by the nenrest
rear guard if 11e sliould be ttrken in the cccl of robbery. I f sometl~ing
of t l ~i s kind be not done, the robberies zu~d outrngcs of the Bheels,
will reduce tlie troops to the greatest distress.'' ('l'l~e \Velli~~gton
Matlual, p. 61.)
(27)
Sce pan. 41, No. 7 of the G. 0. ~ t h April, 1839. Capt. BC( I ~L
was ordered to raise a locirl (Ki~Icur) corps, wliicl~ llns provcd to bc
a useful body.
(28)
\Vhenco the camels wcre ilriven off, scc para. 2.
L 2
$111iles i~ sliglit nsceilt toivnrds t hc gorge of t h e
Pass, Tl~erc are two gl~nuts, dcscendetl by both, (t he gul l s
\~-c,lt t l o\ r ~~ by that to tllc right,) t l o~vn to the rlry becl of t h e
rircr.
Tile road lay N, niid N. qT. to the Pass of I<~ocIilRli.
Jlo~ctl t l ~ro~l gh tlie bed of the river for itbout a 111ile ; hi gh
]rills on circli side ; then, turning to the right, entered t l i e
~ i ~ l l c ~ ' , The G11a11ts were not very steep, and about 100
rnrtls long. 'l'lie berl of the river was stony. Tlie lieiglits
Itear t l ~c I'ass, ~onloliu~cl the road : we fonurl no ellemy. (29)
T\ro milcs from cnrnp crossed a deep watcr-course.
T h e
ri\lnjic of Iioo~hliZli, JV. of caulp, deserted. Our rear (X.)
was corercil by the Irills, and a deep water-course ran al ong
urlr front (W.) : distiuice ~i l arcl ~et l 103 miles.
S1lrrlpsi1.-hlarchct at 5 A. hr. to IIytlerzye. The r oad
bad ; crossed the Shirl~dcezy-Lorn twice ; tlie banks preci-
\,ito\rs, and dinicult for the Sons tuid c;lttle. After a.
P
tl~clious ninrch, cnmc t o il fine \)lain nod the colisiderable
villi~gc of llydcraye. Nos t of tlie people hi ~d fled. Tl l e
S n ~ w ~ d baygage iiot up till 1 P. 31. Tllcre are t wo
rotids I~crrcr, by orlc of whicl~ it is said yon save i i march.
So~nc biig;:igc cniiicls got i n advance to-day, before t h e
troops mouctl, wl~ich causud tlel;~y ; the order of t he Gllm
inst., rcpeatetl.
Tlic l i n k n ~ ~ s nttaclretl the Shah's baggage,
and were
scvercly 11:i11tllctl ; six \trerc killccl, and tllc rest fled.
I)istir~rcc runrchcil 10: n~i l cs.
This place is 5359 f eet
abo\.c tlrc lcrcl of tlic sca ; 878 feet below Quetta.
Slli.~~l~ril.-~lnrchctl a t 6 A. 51.
Tlrc order of marc11 this moniing mas as fol l o\ ~s : i-
1. 2. Rcgts. Cars. 6. A Regt. Cavy.
2. 11. 11. 7. Treasnre between t he
3. ? llc,rrts, Infy.
3 rear 1Eegts.
4. Camel-bi~ttcry. S. Rear Guard, 3 Cos. of
5- X Regt. I ~l f p.
Infy., and a troop of Cavy.
('3) 'rhe subsequent colunun, I.1. C, 1st. Dengal Eurn, Rcgt, nncl
37th x. 1. were fired on; they wore crbligetl to send up parties, and ;L
rharp firing tool: place. A Scrgt. of the European Regt. wns woundud, %
and disnblcd : and ii Se p~y wns ~ ~ o unde d.
At S niiles crossed a ilarrow river with l i i gl ~ ballli~, and
slinllow mntcr, and t he spur of ;t hill, illto t he valley of
Pisheett ,
Grairi is coming irito caliip ; ailrl the peoplc have remain-
eil in the villages, and asked for guards. A Conipany of
1ii.f~'. was posteil i n the town.
The pi ~1. 1~ of Arty., rmder tlie Escort of the 4th 13rignde
of I i ~f y. and 4t h Local I-Iorse, marcl~ed this day fi.0111
nuet t a.
The Bonzlog Arty. (H. and F.) aiiil H. I!l.'s l 7t l i foot
marched Lo-d;ty from Dudur illto the Pass.
Tlic (1ist;lnce to I-Tjrltulzye 1 0 miles, 7 fnrlongs. The
clevatioll 5063 feet, or 196 feet less tlian yesterday.
7. 7b left bank qf the Sl~nhdeeag-Lova, (10tli hpril,
1839).-R4arched a t 5 A. ar. Thc sappers and millers i n
advance. No baggage allowed to move i n advance. At
- six miles crossed a dry nullah. At 7.: i i ~i l es crossed t he
Shahdeexy-Lora rivcr. The ravines near t he river preci-
pitons, and the banks so high and perpendicular, tllat t he
troops mere obliged t o pile their arms, and l o~ver t hc guns,
and drag tliein clown and up the steep Ghauts, nlade for
their passage. (30) The river not broad, and not above two
feet deep. Tlle horses were take11 out of t he guns, irntl t he
camels from the calnel-battery. There mas a descerlt of
about 150 yards, and after crossiilg tlie stream, a st eep bank
to ascend; then, at the distmice of 150 yards, a second
ascent, iiot very steep. The baggage, t hus kept in t he
rear, diil no1 ill1 coiilc lip till 5 P. nr. Distalice nlarched 72
miles.
rT.
After crossi~lg, the Cavy. and 13. A. were ordered t o
move on immediately, as there mas herc, no forage, t o
Arambce, distant 7 lllilcs and 5 furlongs.
Tlie Shnh and his force, kc. remilined enci ~ni l ~ed on t he
otlier (right) bank of tlie river.
The Envoy and Minister wrote to Sir J. Iceane, t o ilifortll
him t1i;rt nn uttncli on tlie camp at night, was tlireate~led by
3000 men. Tlie troops slept on tlieir arms all night: no
(SO)
Working 11:lrties 11. A. and 13. Bl,'s 13th Lt. Infy.
7s
TO Ar7~?nlrec, and Quilla?~ AbdooZoh I</~an.
;\ttacB IVns mnile.
Grain broaglit into camp more fi.eely
to-(lay. (3 1 )
1 l l h April.--To Arl~inbee ; distance 7 miles, 5 furlongs.
~ j ~ c
over n level t l ~ k of j t ~ngl e of Twmarisli, inter-
spPrscll with cultivatioii. Thc road good.
'rlre Engineers nleiit on in advance t o the head of tlie
]iojuk Pass, to prepi~re the Ghnut for t he passage of t he
. The I st Brigade Infy. and Canlel-battery march-
;(] tllis i l l or ~l i ~~g to Q\\illtl Ab(l0011ilh Ichao.
Lt. S~I I I ~I SO~I , S. A. C. G., lclt camp with n company, and
Irellt t o the re;\r to purchase grain.
\ye to-day hcarrl of i l very gallnnt aff:\ir ~ ~ ~ l i i c h occurred
ill t\le Bola11 P:~ss, some clajls ago, while the 35th Bellgal
1\'. 1. mnrching through it ;-a large body of Belocl~ees
an(\ ~l url i ees nttacltcd the Rear Go;lrd of the corps (oue
col ~~pal ~y) comiuanded by Lt. I'owgood. The Belochees
fired a. volley with tlicir n~i~tchlocks, and tlieii rushed on
tllc gaurd, sivord in liantl. The guard waited till they
c;lalc ~vi t hi ~l ;\bout 40 pnccs, 1r11en Lt. T. fircd a volley ;
nl ~t l . 1111tlcr cover of tllc sololie, cilme to the cliarge. They
~\ctl lcil\ i ~ ~ g 40 liillcd niid nrollnded on thc spot, ;nld ilcver
agilin vcr~t~lrccZ n?i t l i i ~~ the rilllge of the innsketry !
1' 211 April.--'l'he I-Id, Qr. marched to Quillnh Abdoolah
Kh:rn, distant f iliiles. The road lay over a flat, brolren
by sini~ll hills ailtl the dry beds of mountain-streams,
co\?ered wit11 loose stones, till mc saw Q~~illilh Abdoolah on
our lcft, (N.) about 4 or 5 iniles distant. The camp i n a
little open vnlley of stones, \)o~inded by low hills. The
fort was deserteti. A U;~ttli. of t he Shah's Infy. was left
llcre, and \vithtlrnwn on tlie forinatioil of the cc Bolan
Rangers." (3) Agrove of trees, and n fine strealn of water
close to it. Therc is a ta111i in thc fort, and a garden, aild
(31)
Tl~era is said to lo n stmigllt road by which you can ni rrcl ~
from Hyderryc to thc ri ver ill one march.
B1:ljor Leech s~rid so ; he
m:~rched, nlone, )lowever.
(3e)
Lt. Bmanquct, 16th N. I. was left nt Quilli~h Abdoolal~ I<llrtn,
i l l poiitical charge, anU clirected to wi s e a corps of rlchukzycs, wl~icll
took sometimeio eReet. It is a useful body, but it is s lollely position,
11c being tilt only European there,
Passap of ~ J L C Ijojuk- Pass.
79
roo111 for a Battn. The Cavy. and Arty. order to encamp
betmccn this and the entrance to the Pass.
The remainder of t he 16t h N. J. pushed on t o join t he
Snpl~crmand Miners. The troops a t Head Quarters halted
to- tl ay.
I-I. E. Sir J. I<eane !vent this morning to loolr a t t he
entr:u~ce t o tlle Pius, where 11e brcaltfiisted, iu1d stiiid some-
time. (33) Thi s clay the 1.eu1iiinder of the Uomzbay troops
ei~tered the 1301~12 Pass. Miljoy Duly, Comg. tile wing
II. M.'s 41h L. D. siiw a party con~i ng in force tonrartls him,
and trying to surround him; hc retreated froill them till hc
e~~t i cet l t l ~ei u on, and then, 11e charged tl~em, and killed Inany
of tlten1.
13th April.-The troops a t Hd. Qrs. halt to-morrow.
The silppers iuld mi~iers, and tlic 16111 IS. I., in arlvi~nce,
lacre establislietl to-day 011 t he nor t l ~er ~i estrelliity of the
-- Pass, i n the virlley.
The whole of t he Cavy. and the t wo batteries l~liirclle(l
illto 0 ~ 1 . ci~1111).
8. Passoye ofthe Ifojuk-Pass, (14th April, 1839.)-The
order of illarch published yesterday for to-dily mas its
folloms :
1. Bajyaye of H. E. t he At 3 A. M. the I s t Brigade
Comi..-in-Chief-Genls. of of Infjr. and C;uitel-battery
Division, aiid Otiicers a t Hcl. mill quit ciilllp, followetl by
Qrs. the baggl~ge, in the order de-
2. Bnggi~ge of corps, ac- tailed in liie wu?:r/in; which
cording to positioi~ ill t l ~ e is to be protecterl by the
Brigade. Dett. of Locnl I-lorse oli
rn 3. Fd. Comsst. nncl grain duty nlitli 1st Brigade ; and
cattle. (34) n Cop. of Infy., as a rei ~r-
p a r d .
(33)
?'he late Brig. Arnold went to t l ~e I'nss and was fire11 at by n
well-dressed mounted marl, supposccl to Lo ;L chief. A sentry of H. h1.
lSt.11 Lt. Infy. to-r~igllt, fillot irn Aol~ulczye (~noul~ti~ineer of tl~csc Ilills)
who c;rIne up to Itis post and di d not allslver t l ~e cl~;~llenge ; 11e r;ut olT
111' tl~e Ilill, but his body was found l ~cst d;ry ill the I~ills.
(96)
Al l t he Br~ggage rvits to be ofl' the grooncl this mornirlg by
sir A, ar. ilfter whicli l~onr ~lothi~tg w a s to cluil ci~mp till 1 A. at.
c;Thc bripdc of Cavy. wit11 i t s Arty., to movc 011 t o
t l l ~ P~Iss~"
L C JJTorlting parties from t he Cavy., :ul(l Infy., or1 the
rnivill i ~ t tlie ascent near t he Sapper's calnp, to be told ofr,
to drag the Arty. of their respective brigades, across tllc
Pass."
Tile Bngynye ilfnsler t o be OI I the alert, at the com-
l l l ence~~l e~~t of the asce~it, t o prevcnt crowdiag, nl ~d t o take
cnrc t o stop the baggage, a t interv:~ls, before i t entcrs the
n;vrow gorge, to admit of t he nni n~al s i i l i ~~g over with
regulnrity; only one camel can pass up at n time, ancl I-I.
E. imprcsscs upon Onicers, t he i~ecessity of 1i;tvinp their
own aniinnls, as tvell as t hose of t he men, as lightly laden as
circunlst~nces will nd~ni t ; this \\fill be the only motle of pre-
serving tlicir baggage; as every camel that falls, nmst be
renloved with his load, out of t he path, nild the eventila1
loss of property i nnst bc t he result."
v
Thermometer a t 2 A. al. GOb. At 3 A. 31, the 1st Brigade
of Infi~ntry, i111d Cnmcl-battcry nlarcherl, a ~ ~ d 5 A. ar. t he
\ r ~i ~l g of 1st Bombay Ca17y. (escort) ant1 I-Itl. Qrs.
Aftcr lcnvi~lg our last g r o ~ l ~ ~ d , tlie inountnins soon closed
on 11s) and tlie tlsoops filed up n writer-cor~rsc, dry a11t1 stony,
with a few stunted trces llerc and tllere.
At abont 6 miles, the a s c e ~ ~ t of about 1 $ lniles i n extent
to thc r11tr;nice to t hc Pass, con~r ~l e~i ccr l ; tlie distalice be-
tween thc hills, here, mas not Illore than 80 or 100 feet, the
road co~ifiued bybnnks. The ccntrc road had been made for
tlie guns; it W:LS very steep a ~ l d dificult : there is n steep
ascent first up to t he lcft, t hen t l ~er cwns n tun1 to t l ~ e right
(35) after the ascent ; thence there was i~ desccnt, \\,it11 ;L
P
lxecil~ice on one side of t he road, \vhich rendered tile opera-
ti011 of dragging t hc guns, Scc. n service of gent lal~oor rll~(l
(35) Curls wi th horses, or with men nntl drag-ropes, cannot make
n sharp turn; there must 11e n col~sider;ible sweep i r the road.
I t was
neeess;iry to mrrke, as well :is cut tlie roi~tl at the tura, to pre~~ent gulie
falling over tlie precipice; one 11. A. glin fell over, horses and all; il
wllcel ollly sliglitly injured, Tlie ascent wns very stoop for 800 fcct. 1
Confusion in tlic Pass. 81
f;~tigoc.
There were two other roads, one to t he left, and
i1110tlle~ lo t he right.
Tlie left roild, tliongli the loligest illid cii~cuito~ls, was
the bcst for ciimels, being easier of ascent.
The ~ i g h t iqoatL was not fit for the passage of caillels
wit11 loads ; seine men, bulloclis altd po~lies went by i t ; it
lay over a rocky path.
All the three roads met a t the botto~ir of tlic Pnss. Tlie
descent wils nbout ;L ~l l i l e by tlic rcntrc road, :uid Inorc Ly
tlie ~siglit and left roads.
Prom the top of t he Piiss, you behold tlie road ~vliich
leitds to t he valley of C(ln(laAu?. below; ;uitl distiuit liills,
beyond 1vl1it.h t hat city lies.
Tlic elevation above tlic sca, at the halt ill thc ICojulc Pass
l\rits 6,848 feet ; the sr ~i ~l i ni t of tlie PISS, 7,457 feet, the
sonlmit is 1,780 feet above tlie vallcy below, \vliich us
a com111;indiiig view.
-
9. Confzdsion in t he Pass.-The Cavalry brigade and
11. A, mere ordered to march to-day at 1 P. ar. l'lius there
were t ~v o batteries ant1 si x Regts. wit11 their baggage, to
move t h~ough t he Pnss, and li~aIte a march of I 1 iniles iii-
cluded iii one day's operation ! The Camel-bntte~y ~vas
overtnlten by can~el s aiid baggage. Tlie Pass olily ;~dmitted
of one caiuel passing at a time. (36) The ascell1 was so
steep, that some did not like l o ride up i t ; nor, for Lllc like
reason, to ride dowli the desce~lt, f or this wils more difficult
still; some camels fcll, aiid stopt tlie rest beliilicl. This
stntc of t hi ~l gs ci~used tlie marc11 of the Cavalry and I-I. A.
to be countennnndcd; but i t mas loo lale, tlleir I)aggngc
,. ~virs i n the Pttss; and i t was clear, as it t u n ~e d out, t hat it
~voi ~l d tithe tlie ~vhole day to cross nlld pass 11olvll tllc H.
A, gulls and troops, ;llre:~dg in the Pnss ; for ei~cll gon, each
t ~~i nbri l , wagon, &c. was lo I)e separately haf~derl ~ O W I I by
manuirl labor. Ortlers were given to turu back the ciuiicls,
:uid ilialie tlielu go by a different route-that by tlle left.
(36) Sir XIr. Colton's buggy got upsct, bnt it niatle the gmnd l o r l ~ to
Cii11bo01 and bnclc to Pcrozpoor. Tl ~e ascent n11d descent of Llle right
road ~VL' PC fe;11'f111Iy diingero~~s.
I
31
1
83
1)n.rsqe of I7i.c I<oju,k Pass.
yllis nlrglllc~~lctl l l ~e confi~sion, and tllc wliolc became one
;lcculnul;~tcd Inass of troops, gllns, alld b;~gg:~ge.
T h o
nrllllli~ttitioti I V ~ ~ O I I S calile illto camp. Troops were ordered
brick to protect the baggage for t hc night. 'i'lle whole of
tllp Co111sst; stores were in t h e Pass.
The IId. Qrs. were establisl~ed a t the foot of t hc Pnss nt
('lrumula Chokee ill the vallcy, which is nbont 2; miles from
tile t op of t he Pass. The road down to the valley, rilrls
bet\\feen conlmar~ding hills, mhi cl ~ lnay be di st a~l t 5 t o
SO0 ynrtls from cach other. The cinnp at the CJiumu?a
Chokee was 5,G77 feet above the level of l l ~e sea (40 f cet
a ho~e Quetta), 1,780 fect below the s\unmit of the Pnss.
This n~ouldgive, i n 3 nlilcs nfall of about 1 in 9 feet, but, as
the descent only occopied about 1-3rd of the distance f r om
tllc top of the Pnss t o thc Chumun, the fall in it ~i i ust have
l)cc~i ahout 1 in 3 fcet. Thermometer at 3 r. xr. 9 4 O.
Tllc troops at Hd. Qrs. directed t o halt to-morrow.
b
15tk April.-(G. 0.) LC The Brigade of Cavy., and its
Artillcry, to cociimp to-tlny at the foot of the I'itss. Thc
13t Urig:\tle (esccptiilg the 16th N. I.) to be elnploycd i n
1)rillgillg the heavy or t l ~l a ~~c e across the heigIits."(37)
lrilh A]~riE.-The Cavy. Brigade ant1 13. A,, tlic Engi-
ncer Ucpt. and the IGtll 13e11:r;il N. I. mnrchcd tllis uiorn-
i11g to the IC~ida?aay river ( Du ~~d c c Goolnce), tile lirst lll,?l.cll
toe.;rrds Cnndsliar, t o obtain forage ant1 wi~ter. (3s)
(3;) G. 0. 16th ~ l j wi l .
" Every soldicr rvllo ciin Lo spnrecl f r om
Chnlp belonging to the 1st Brigade I ~r f y. t o bc det;rclrcc\ as :i working-
party, to tlre top of the Pirss to-morrow niorni~ig, to nit1 in bringing
orcr the heavy Artillery. 11 party of snppers with tile l)ioileelns to
n
Inore : r t tllc sanie time to thc top of the Pnss.
" 'l'ha men rrf one Coy, of N. I. proceeding to t l ~e Pilfis n1.e to 1l:rva
illcir :~rtns uith ~IICIII. "
Jn such cnses I think all slrould take tlreir
arnls, ;lnd pile tlreni near the working 1)ilrty.
[3h) '~'IIIYO irro so1110 S ] ) ~ I I I ~ S ilt t l ~c Ct~umun, but not enough for
a large body of troops, they were to tlle right of our Camp, disti~rlt:
ahout SUu J ,rrtis. 'I'llrrc rure ~~~' irlgrry ill tlre l'irsu, betaee,l tile sunlmit
and t he Cl~uniull, bat it was riot n safe positio~r for troops, or bnggilge
cattle ; there \virs llot furilgo ill it, b ~ ~ t CODlde grass ; ;llld tile llills, on
w ~ h side, perfectly' eominandod the road! l i t Cl~unlltlb Clrokee tile for-
.Passa.qe of t l ~ e Icojuk Pass.
83
Somc of t l ~ c 1307talay t r oops arri ved at Ql ~e l t a lo-c1;ry.
kTehr ab 1Ch:ru of I i l ~e l ut mas, the^, said t o b e in cl ose corn-
t nuni cut i on wi t h Dos t Mu l ~ o ~ l l e d I<l ~ari . (39)
17th April.-cc A I v o ~ ~ c ~ I I ! ~ ~ i l l ' t ~ ' fro111 H. hI.'s 13t h Lt.
xnfy. to b e s e ~ r t lo t h e 1-Ieird of t he Pa s s to-morrotv ~nonl i ng.
Every soldier i n Lhe 14t h Brigildc (40) who citll b e spar ed
f r om t he duLy of ciunp, t o be cl et acl ~ed t o-1l l or1. 0~ ~ l l o r ~ ~ i n g
as a working-party, t o rrsvist in bri ngi ng over tllc lleavy
4~t i l l cl y. "
A ~ c p o r t oJ.'3,000 of t he cnenzy kn t he Plains.
Tlie 4t h Bri gade and bat t er i ng triiirl mere a t tlre Pass.
Th e XAaIb passed down t he Pa s s tllie morni ng, rind tooli up
g r o u ~ ~ d bcl ween t he IId. Qrs. a nd t he Cavy., or a l i t t l e in
: ~dva ~l c e of us. (41)
The mal es of t he Bolllbily 9-pr. bat t ery (at Qnettil) wcrc
f ound t o be co~npl et el y exliausted, and arrangements were
ma d e for ! e a v i ~~y il be l ~i r ~d.
.-
10. Ihad Qrs. nzwcll t o Dundee Goolaee, ( 18t h ~l pr i l ,
1830.)-'I'lie 13d. Qrs. wi t h 11. E. and cs cor l ( ~vi ngs of 1st
Lt. Cavy. a n d 19t h N. I. Bonl bay), a ~ ~ d Stitit, inarclied t hi s
i l l or ~~i ng. Before day-light we heard t he sent ri es firing at
t he Achqkzyes (mount ai neers) ; 5 camel s carri ed off from t h e
age for caniels was not very good, and scarce ; our canlels were con-
stantly carried off. Cnptain Outrana saps, p. 73 '( there are some fino
sprirlgs, but scarcely ;I blado of yrasu."
I t m:ly 11e here meritioned, that these only :ldrnitted of ol~taining
water at a grent expense of tilne. They dry up for ir tirne if used all
day ; so tllnt troops from the rear conling in (luring an evening, would
lot find mucll, and that muddy ; arid we h:~d groat experience of these
facts! There was some water in advance about four or five n~iles to
tlie left of our nest march.
(39)
A,li~jor ?'odd was there, mcl niust have 1cnon.n it.
Sonie kind
of treaty Iind been made by Sir A. Bumes, but tlie Khan was acting
a pnrt !
( 40)
Arrived to-day at the top of tho Pnss.
(4.1)
Two b~lllocl<s were carried off closo to camp, nnd three water-
carriers droadfu11y cut up. 'l'ilu springs ought s t first t o lirrve been
enclosed mithin the picquets. \Vl~ile i ~ t dir~ilcr, :r sziees of C:\l)t. Lowe's
(16tli Lancers) came to tlle door of our (stnfi) a'lcss-tent tlrerrdfully
cut on the hc;id, ;ind robbed of every tl~illg, ant1 this not 100 yards fronl
t he teut !
ar 2
8-1
Pctsaoge of the ICqjuk Pass.
~ ( 1 . Qrs. canlp. Tl ~e r c was a considerable descent over a
pl;till. At about half-may, crossed llle dr y bed of
tile ]hr/nl12/ river.
Thc road nrns over n succession of un-
dll]nting, seolljr gro\~ntI.
At this p o i ~ ~ t , about 3 or 4 miles
to tile rigllt of our track, we ~ WC & V C L ~ W~ I : L ~ We tllougllt t o
be CIOlld of dust. It had t he ;lpl)eilrnllcc of Cavy., I I ~ a
distnllce, cllnrg\llg down on us! 80l ne officers r ode out;
to see \ \ ~ l ~ a t i t was, nrllile we halterl, t o be l)rel~aretl. Al l
our WCL.C i n reqt~isition t o ascertain t he Cause.
TIlcre mils no cne1my. (42) FIad there been, we ~ v e r e be-
tn.eel1 the ~ ; I I I I ~ of t l ~ c Cavy., and t hat a t tlie Chtermn
Cliokee. There was a l ong string of camcls, wit11 bnggi ~ge,
on our left.
The dist;lncc t o Duntlee Gooli~ee, mhcre we f o u ~l d t he
C:ivy. kc., nos 14i mileu. Tllc elevation above t he sea,
at this placc, was 4,036 fect, or 1,641 feet lower t han
t hc Cl~ci~liun Cl~oltcc ; so me descended considerably t l ~ i s
1 -
march.
Yoontl on the road t hc 1nntil:lted bodies of 11la11y calnp-
follo~vcrs.
The 4th Brigade hnrcl i\t work nt the Pass to-day. Maj.
Gcnl. ?l'ill.vl~ire, ~v i t h p:vt of t he BombnJr Col unl ~l at Sir-
) .
i-Ab, to-day.
13is baggage attacked wit11 consi derabl e
spirit at t he head of the Uolan Pass ; 49 camels' load of
carried off', 5 l ~orscs killed, and 3 troopers mouuded, ma ny
of t he encmjr si~itl to be killetl.
Tllc IId. Qrs. to 11:1lt to-morrow. t i good tnnl; of wat er t o
the riglit of cilulp, fed by the I<ud;r~ly river; the streall,
s o t dry by the cvc~~i ng. The streall1 bad beell t ur ned
~ 1 ) to the llcst grountl. Theruloincter at 3 A. 31. (i2O, a t
t.
3 P. >I . 97'.
(i2) Some grass had c:u~gl ~t fire, and the smolce moved mpidlg
tnwsrtls us with tho wind ~vl ~i ch aas light, in n waving, undulating
form ; (we ~ I I O I F tllnt gmss once catclringjire, tllnt il ~vill force n passage
eren against the wind, if n pate11 of grass to ~rindwnrcl be near it, as i f
lighted to lee-~rartl t l ~ c hei~t bcntls tlolvn the dry grnss towards it,
md tl~ns con~municates with that i~nburnt.) A little further on, we
found some cnnlels from the Ci~vy. carlil) out nt gmnc, moving quickly
liickirlg up n dust, wllicll had a diIferuot qbpoarancc.
Candaha~ Cl~itfs reported near. '85
19111 April.-l'hermoiiieter at 5 a. 31. 54O. , at 3 P. ill. 102".
Tlie Arst Rr i g~de Illfy. with its Artillery marclied from Cli11-
. mun Cliokee into our camp to-clay. 11-1nlt for the 4th Bri-
gade and Arty. ; they are nt tlie Pass still ; hart1 work for tlle
1st Bellgill Xurope; ~~l Regt. T\vclve men and t ~v o nronlen
ltilled by tlie villi~gcrs, i u~d two elepll;li~ts bclorlging to tlie
Envoy and Minister, carried ofl. h party sent to briiig
back tlie stream of water, but ret~iriicd uiisuccessful. A
party sl~otild lin~le been kept there. Tlie D. ti. Q. &I.
Geul. (Lt. Bccl ~e~) and a troop of the 1s t Bonlbay Cavy.
went out to feel for Ihe enelny ; but uone seen rvitllin tlie
distance of I 1 miles. The Bolilbi~y Column a t I<ooclil2k
to-(lay seven llinrclles in our renr; the elieiily fired long
shots at theill.
The S l ~ a l ~ this evcning made n tour round the n~liole
cainl).
11. G. 0. Canzp duties, C~ops, tjc. (19th April, 1839.)-
IIeard to-day, that the Cnnrlahar chiefs, with 1,500 Ilorse,
were near our cnnlp, and meant t o nttacli us. cc 11. a. the
Co111r.-in-Chief directs that t l ~ e duties of camp, shall for the
future he conducted in the following manner."
1st. cc A Brigadier of the day, who mill be in charge of
tlie whole of tlle picquets of the camp."
211tl. Field Officer from each Brigade, ~ l i o mill be
i n charge of tlic picrluets of the Brigade, and who mill
report to and reccivc instructiolis fro111 t he Brigr. on duty."
3rd.
main-picquet of n troop of Cavy. and two Cos.
of Infy., will, when tlic camp is I~alted, mou~i t every mon~i ng
at day-light ; from ~vhich will be detached to a tlistance of
2 or 2$ miles, i r ~ ad\~alice, according to tlie nature of the
gronnd, at sun-set every evening, i L subnltern'b: party of
'Cavy."
ccTliis party must be pnrticularly on the alcrt, and no
follo\vers of any description to accoinpany it." (43)
( h3)
" Pat~~oles from the main picyuet will move up t o it, at inter-
vals, tl~roughoot the night, nnd on llillting-days, it will rejoin the ninin
picquot nt sun-rise."
"011 marct~ing days, trlc main picrluet, coming on duty, will forrn the
4tll, " {~~-l!~ing-picr~ncts cqual in st rengt h l o ' t h e 0211-
~s i l l g - p i c q i ~~t ~ of Bri gi ~des, are t o be t ol d off for duty." (44)
5t11,
"The Brigr. of t he diry whco c o ~~i i l l g on' dut y, will
rcl,ort, j11 person, t o 11. E. t hc C0mr.-ill-Chief." (45)
Gtll. (( Brigades mill, alternately, fu1.11isli a n Adj t . of t he
dny, t o be, ill :lttendance on t he Brigr."
c L The mi~in-picquet will mount this eveni ng aL 6
o'clocl<."
Sth. " The ofliccr Comg. t he troops, formi ng H. E.'s
escort, \\rill coni nl u~i i ci ~t e to tlie Bri gr. of he day, tlie
strcl~gtli of thc picqoets t hcy may Ilave nl om~l ed, and will
conipiy \villi s u c l ~ r e q~l i s i t i o~~s as lie may illnlrc f or addi-
tional men, to cnsure :L co~nlllullicntioll with tllc sent ri cs in
front nitd rear of t he ei~cail~pment."
'<TIic Brigr. of t he day will be fur~i i shcd, by t he D-
Q. M. G., u7ith a PZun of t he euc:tmpmeat, which, o n
hirlting di~ys, lie wi l l transfer t o t he Bri gr, wllo may relieve
II~III." (46)
I -
!3tli. (P~.eserotalion of C~ops . ) (< As tlie country tllrougll
11'11icI1 tlie i1l'Jll)r is now ~ n o ~ i n g , ; r t f or dsf o~~o~e for t he camel s
aod good ~ Y U S S for t he horses, 13. E. tile Comr.-in-Chicf
dcei l ~s it 1lecess:rry to ~~e q u i r c tlie st ri ct est observ:rnce of t he
G. O., whicli liave been issued prohibiting t he cut t i ng of
dfltcincr.guowl; and the picquct conling off dut)?, the Rea?.-yunl'd."
('1'110 mai n picquet consisted of 1 Coy. of Eurn. and 1 of N. Infy.; 2nd
1 troop of H. 81. 16th Lancers.)
In ntldition to thc niairl-picquet, the i\laj. Gcnls. Conlg. tlic Ci t ~p.
and Infy. will direct sucli yicquets mid gnarcls to 1113 furnished from the
brigades at their Bd. Qrs. nu t11eynl:ty doem expedient ; and require
tllc F. 0. on duty, to conln~unicate to the Brigr, of the day, the strcngth
h
of tlio diiTere11t details.
l'liey are lilte~risc nr~thorized, on liis recluiui-
tion, to increase the nrrmbcr of men on duty, should circuinstances
render the meilsure neccssnry."
(.I,&) They were to join the ocrt-lying-picquets,~~lien orderetl by tllo
Brig. or F. 0. of t l ~e clay, being intended ;is sripports to tlloae i11 front.
( i s) The Brigr. coming on duty comn~anded tlic Adva~icc guard; t l ~ c
1:~ 0. coming oif duty, tho renr-fi,~nrd.
(bc) He was also, to expluin the orders he Iiad received, 11nd ~ l ~ i ~ t
l!a~occ~rredduring hi8 toup of duty; and to conlmunicate ally intelli-
gence he was ncclttaintod with, reports, kc.
I3ajee ICl~ma, I<akur, comes i nt o Canp.
s7
grozoing crops; and h c desi res oWccrs Comg. mooi i t ed
corps, di st i nct l y t o uiiderstantl, that; ~ v l ~ e i i ci r cuni st n~i ccs
ma y reiitler i t riecessnry t o assi gn green c r g s for t he Cavy.
horses, t l ~ e same mill be dul y notified t o tlie t roops i n a
G. 0. bnt, wi t hout tllis aut hori t y, t hey tire, 011 110 nccount,
t o allow t he grass-cut t crs t o cncroncll on t l i e iieltls." (47)
To-(lay died poor Lt.-Col. Jas. TJ~o~nson, Coiilg. tlie 31st
(13eiig;il) N. I. l'lic IXcgt. had j ~ i s t nlntle i t s first ~n a r c l i
from Shikitrpoor ; tlic 1ie;lt was i ~i t cnse. Tl i c t her momet er a t
135" i n t l ~ c ~ 7 1 1 2 . Tl l i s Ol l i cer (lied of ;lgoplesy. IIe was an
excelleiit oflicer, uiiiversirlly iscspectrtl and cst ecmed, mid r e-
gretlctl as it grcitt l oss t o t h e sel-vice, as well as t o hi s fainily.
I ni ei i t i o~l this fact, liere, t o prove t i l e s t at c of t h c wext l i er
bet nccn Sliiltarpoor a n d Dadi i r, i n tlic rnoiit.1~ of Apri l !
13. (2021~ April, 1639), Hajee Iihco~, Iinkwv.-'1'0-day no
wat er i n camp. A par t y \vent a n d openetl tlie build : t l i c
cnei ny came rlolvn, ~vl l ei i our par t y lcft, nlitl cl osed it iignin.
Th e 4 t h Brignrle st i l l c~npl oyecl a t t he ICg'zhk Pass. Tl i i s
nftei.nooi1 calne i nt o camp, wi t h R pnr t y of itbout 200 1iol.se-
men, t he cel ebrat ed Iiujee ICIaan, Kaku7; (48) chi ef of t h a t
(47)
The P~ovost ilfarslrnl and his Assts. are required to be on
the iilert, to apprel~end follo\\cers trnnsgrcssing this order; and i t is to
be procliiin~ed by bent of Tom-'1mn in the different B;~z:~rs that, if they
persist in disregitrtling it, the Con1r.-in-Chief will ortTer a signill ex-
ample to be luade of the ofending 1)srtp."
(48)
" Properly Taj iJfihomcrl Iiltrrn, a IZnknr by caste, s nlnn of
considerable note i n the corrntrp, bot l ~ as Being one of the cl~iefs of it
]:urge, indel~endent clan, ilnd as having distingnisl~etl hin~sclf i l l the
Jickl and eounscl; hits lately sougl~t service wit11 RIIR?~ Di l Jili~11, 2nd
of t l ~c throe Cl~ieE? of C:~ndallnr) 1v11o has allonecl him, nominilllg 60,000
Rs. (.EG,OOO) it yeal; rind the cou~mand of 300 I~orsenten ; nterely to
prevent I~im joining the Silcl~s, or Persians. On acconnt of n s~~ppos-
ecl intriglie wit11 t l ~e former during t he late wi~r, Dos t ~7lnhotned tlis-
charged Ilini ; he is a man of a reitily address, i ~ n d from the t i n~c of
Vizier I~icltels 1~11~71, ltas been const:~ntly ha~lcletl backward nad for-
ward, between the Barnlcqc brothers; l ~i s nrgr~nrellts ;Ire 11e;lrcl it1
council, tl~ongh his si nccvi l j is often donbted." (Lt. Leech's re1)ol.t
(1835) to Govt. sllile : ~ t C'c~ndahtrr in 1837 ; parn. 37.) Dost 3lalro1ncil
is known to have sr~icl t11;rt the only mistitke 11e co1111nittetl in r ~ g i i ~ t l
to this mi111 was, not having t i ~l i e~i his life !
tribe, wlio te~ldered his submission ; and was g r n c i o ~ ~ ~ l y
~cceivcd by t he Shall ; he l>itclicd liis te111s in tllc king's
camp.
Tlie Il(gee informed the ICing how 11c had :lrrill~gc(I t o
get quit of the chiefs of C;\udnhar ! (40) I l e snit1 tlle
chiefs illtended t o make nil nttaclr, at night, (Chzqpao) 011
our cam\) ; t ha t hc told theal that t hey might espect t o be
nttncl<ed t l l ci ~~sel r es ; ': You have" said hc, CC carried OF t\lro
of their eEep?~a?zts ; (50) tlie Enyl i d are not the l ~eopl e to
allow this to be done with impnnity. They will m:lrcl~ wi t h
a large force, and guns, against you, and yon tire uneqnal t o
a contest with such troops. Stny whcrc you :Ire, ni ~d I wi l l
go and see if I can find out froill what direction they are
coming?' " 'T got them to retire ; I tllen movecl off wi t h
my party, and so got rid of them ; and I have no\v coiile to
join your majesty !"
H. 31. S11ah Sooj al ~ wrote toLt.-Col, Wade, befo1.c 11e lcft Loociinnnl!,
t hat t he Cossids clcspatcl~crl to Cnndnl~nr and to t11c Gl~iljie corlntl.y,
]ti111 r e t ~ ~ r ~ l e t l wit11 l et t ers from the Gl~iljio cl~iefs, and nddcd, " 'l'llu
C:l~iljie,l)oor:r~~ee, ;rut1 otlter tribes are ready wit11 Arctrl ancl soul to s c r vc
nic." '( '1.11 c COSS~I ~ de l i v~r c d IL mcssegc fronl Ilttjee JCLtrn, I<[tlt2~?',
who, out of fear, ntldrcssctl no Icttcr, but sellt n nless:tge alluiling t o :r
sihet* drrg,qcr ~1 1 i c l l Ile got I)crorc tllc l ' ersi a~~ war, and tll;rt, " he
will ci t l ~er seize t he disloyirl and prcsont tllcn~ brfuca u\e ; or i nd\ rce
nll the servants t o come nlollg \\it11 11in1 t o tllc p~eseacc." I-lc ditl n o t
likc to commit ltirr~self l ywr i t i ng, 10,000 11s. ( ~ ~ , o o o ) mere sent to t h e
lliijee, bcfure tlte Icing l eft Loodia~i;ill, :rs :r retninirtg fee !
( i 9 )
Capt. Outrrrm sirys in his notes,p. T i , Dell l-lajee (9Stl1 April,
IS39)-" ir consi deri ~l l e \.illogc lately pl~~trtlcred by t l ~ c Sirc1;lrs uf Cirn-
da11:1r, ~ I I O llnd comc thrts fi ~r to oppose our army ; :111d dissensions
timong t l i ~ms cl ves ~ and tho defrclion of a r ~ crnil~cllt chief, ( I ~( $c c I ~ I ML~ I ,
K( i k~~r ) on j~lrorn thcy princil)nlly relic~l, 11atl broltell uy tlieir
at111 they retnrned tu Candi~lrar, flying hull1 t l ~e cilg mitll scilrne 200
follo\rers, 011 t he 24tl1 April, 1R39." From 1)ondce Goo1;lee to Del l
Ilnjcc! is 1.6: milcs, so t11;rt i t nould appellr, that tlleir f or ce
was 1101 Ileilr 11s on the 20th ~i pri l . Uell Ijajcc is 19; nliles from Ciln-
di~l~nr, so i t is pl-obi~ble that t l ~c cliiefs left Dell Illijce ua t\\e 22nd
April. Stlid t o I l i r ~e been Lct \ ~cr n 2, alitl Y,OOO; see KO. 2, Apps.
pars. 11.
(50) They belongcd to tlie Envoy nl i d Minister; ;rnd a c r e talcen
off while out t o gct forngc.
Injlucntial ~ns n came in. 39
Two other influentis1 men came in, also, to-day. G. 0.
CC H. M. Sltali Shooj;th, having illti~iiated liis desire tliat tlle
Cnvabyl be permitted to forage on tlie cvops of gvowing
corn, i n the tract of country tlirougli which tlie sr i ny is
now moving, and hitving del)utctl it11 Officer (Cnpt. Hutton)
t o irgportion tlleln t o tlie several encarnp~iicnts (ail equ;kl
distributiori to each) ; I-I. E. thc Comr-ill-Cllicf irppoints
Maj. Hw, A. Q. IT. G. of Ci~\'p., to rcceirc fro111 t l l nt
Officer, the i ~ssi g~i ed t o the Bengal and BonzB( ~~
troops ; Milj. 11. will tlicll dcliver over to Qr. Mrs. of corps
:L ~ ~ ~ * o l ~ o r t i o ~ t accordi ~i g t o t11e ntunber of troops of wIlicI1
each is coniposetl ; and iuly infriilgciileiit oil tliat nssi _~~i ed
to tlic Sltai~'s folvce, on tlic ~ n r t of Lhc follo\\.crs of the
regular Army, i s strictly proliibitetl. (Maj . I-I. t o set nl>arL ir
proportion for llie Cavy. and gun-bullocl<s, !;till i11 tlie rcar.)
Tile l~i*ohibitio~i t o the destructio~i of the crops by tlio
follo\vers, irntl to cirmels, tattoos, kc. going i nt o tlle liclds ;
to be i n full force."
The three Cos. 37t h N. I., not having been rclicred by
the 35th N. I. as contempli~ted i n G, 0. of tlic 6t h inst.,
are t o be sent on from Daclur with tlie first co~lsitlcrirble
despatch of stores, after the arrivirl at tliirt plirce, of the,
corps of t he 2nd (Bengrnl) Brigade, destined to occupy it."
The BonzBay colli~lin to-day ;rt I-Iyilerzye, sis niarcl~c!s i n
our rear. Tl ~ei r rcar-guiwd w~l s fired on by fifty inen,
crowning sotne littlc lleiglits to Llle lcft of Llle column ; 110
har~i l done. Tlley fonnd tlie vil1,rge descrtctl. Tlicr~iiome-
tel. at 5 A. M. 540, at 3 1.. nr. 102O.
2 1 st April, (Quills Futtoola1i.)-Miuched to-(lap a t day-
break. (At 3 A. nr. Tlierlllolncter 54O.) The ni ni ~l -pi ccl ~~c(,
coiili~ig on duty, nlitli thc silppcrs a i d mincrs le:~tlitig. (51)
The Cauy. IJrigade, 1viL1i i t s Arty., follo\ved, and t1le11
came the Ivjiy., with NO. 6, Lt . F(1. bnllery.
The old main-picquet, reinforced by n sqt~aclron of Cavy.,
(51)
" TO OC C I I I ) ~ S UC ~ I a position, 011 irrri\rirl at the I I CI V groo~~tl,
as tllc Urigr. of tlle (lily IlIily tliinlc lit, i n co~nl t ~~~~i i cnt i u~~ 4 t h D.
Q. $1. G."
'i N
1
formet\ tIlc 9.enr-LSonrd ; and tlic Local Horse nT;~s distributed
1
along the ]i l ~e of baggagc niiiiiinls. (53)
i\Iarcllcd over an inlrilense pl:rin to Quilla Puttoolnh, dis-
+illltlOf l l l i l e ~ ; tliere is a smi11I square mad fort, with bastions
I
at tile :llnglcs, itbout
of rt mile from cninp. 11 wns elllllty,
tile Billnge deserted ; we heivd that tlie head chief,
I<ohun-dil-I<l~arl, had rcturiietl to C;lndnl~;~c, (53) ti~liing
hIr. MaCNnghte~iJs elepliaiits wit11 11im. At 11 A. AX. no
snleet water ill cninp ; grcat distress. Tliere urns a s;ilt
sprillg, of clcnr water, to tlie renr of cnulp, and allout two
n~i l cs ofr'. Tlie l'otnbay column wlirn here, on the 26t h
April, discovered n s~nnl l nrell ; il11c1 opcned other wells
wllicb had been filled op. The Fort was i ~bo~i t 2 nlile froin
tlic front of cillilp. At 3 11. >I. ]lo water in cainp. The
tllennouleter in t he tent nt 3 P. 11. 102' ; in the Sun 130' ;
great suffering antollg tlie soltliers, kc. Europcan aiid native, I
and the cattle. I-
Tlie elc\lation :lbovc tlie sen, here, 3,918 feet ; only I I S feet
lolvcr t11:ui ycsterd;~y's camp (Duridec Gool;~ee).
Tlie P;~rli of Arty. over the ICojrik Pass to-(lily. Tliere
were 27,400 rouacls of n ~ ~ s l i e t nnlmiunitioll and fonrtecn bar-
~ e l s of gull-po~rler lost ill thc Pass, and destroJled to prc-
ver ~t tl~eir fi~lliiig illto the enci~ly's 1i;uids ; an immense
qnniltity of b:lgg:~gc, a i ~ d it grei~t 1111inber of camels, telits, kc.
Tlle men of tile 1st Bensnl Europeitn Regt. werc gr ei ~t suf-
ferers ; ~iiucll of tlie sicl~ncss ill tile corps, is i~ttributed to
the very great esertior~s tlic illeit uritlerwe~it i n this Pass.
Tllc Uo7rbbay col~uizn to-day at Ilykulzye, still 6 lllarchcs
behind m. Tlieir Artillery llorses begillnilla to knoclr up ;
no grain, ai d very scanty forngc. (54) Tllry had ;L {les-
s
patch from Sir J. Ic'eane tlnted 19th inst.
cd No oppOYitiOll
(52) " Nn b:~ggnge to qriit cnlnp till Lhe renr OF the collllnn of
l'roops, fairly i n motiu~i.
No i~ninitlls to crowd llpon eitlirr flitnk."
(53) See note 49.
(51) " OF a kind to ivhicl~ t l ~cy n1.e ~~nnccostorned, nnd it clist~greea
with them. Sevell horses shot to-diiy, ;lntl the lnst few di~ys several of
the Poonnh Ausy. liorso have beell shot ."
Di st ress and searc8 for zualer. 91
tllcn, expcctcd; two Sirdars had left Candaliar; r ont e
~llk11011~11."
Our D. Q. M. G. (Mirj. Garderi), nc c o~npn~~i c d by 60
troopers, ditl riot ret ~l ri l fro111 liis trip to t he , lest gr ound
till ne;rr ten t o- ~~i gl i t .
Ei
13.
1Mas.cl~ lo Mehel ilIcinc!(~l~, (2211~1 April, 1SS9.)-Ther-
~i ~o~i l e t c r at 2 A. N. 5"". hlarclied i ~ t day-brenlr. (55)
After quitting c:unp, oiir roitd 1:ry n littlc t o thc left of t l ~ c
fort, irnd piused up Llie Pass (56) ~vliicli Ll~e fort protects.
Thc road lily iri tlic front of our centre. h (leep ravine r ai l
between the fort i11ld Llie camp. The Pass between t l i e
nlountaiiis Ivns froill 2 to 1 ~iiilc wide, over brolteii, stoiiy,
~iinduliiting yro~und. Tlie l c~i gt l i of the Pius ~v;ls ;tl~out t i ve
miles ( a co~iiplcte desert). At ; L ~ O I I ~ linlf-\vny crosscd t h e
dry bed of t he I<~id:~ny rivcr. Tlie c o u ~ ~ t r y after qui t t i ng
tlic P~LSS lind such gl-cirt nscc~its niid deep descents, t hat i t
C
represeuted s sea of rocks and slotzcs. As yo11 ascclided yon
lost sight of tlie troops desccndi~ig, and n7lie11 at tlie Lop of t h e
ascent, yo11 coulrl not see tliose i n tlie desceat, t o t he f r ont
or rcar, unless close on tlie brow tolvards it ; thus we coul d
o11ljr see tlie troops near us ; tlie rest mere lost to ollr siem.
At about two iniles f r o~u cirinp, crosscd over severill deep
ravines ; t o our right the river ICudany i n ii sinall valley
belonr.
Our c ; \ ~i ~p was aboat two or tliree ~iiiles t o tlie ~.iglit, off
the road to Cniidnlinr. \Ve rri~clied oiir gro111id aL h'lcbel
Mxridah nfter a march of 12 niiles.
When tlie Cilvi~lry (Bciigol) came rip, iiot liiiding wat er
immediately, tlie Brig:idirr :~sltcd for ant1 obtsincd lcave t o
go iii ndv;uicc to seelc for soiile. (57) T'Ve had m,~rclied 12,
( 55) I t \\.as at first intentled to Irillt t l ~c Urigirdo of Ci~vy. wit11 its
Artillery, at Quillir Vuttoolsl~, b11t coontermnnded.
(5G)
'I'here wits nr~other Pilss to the hf t , dist:trit nl)out throe or
four n~ilcs, by wlriclr it was proposed to n~nrch t he 1st lnfy. Rri-
gade n n d Cirmel bi~ttery, :lnd the SII:L~I's ful-ce ; (it lci~cls to LO~L'CI'
Melrel 3Ilrnclnl1;) while the C:~vy. l~itlted ir1111 follorred : on account of
the scarcity of \vnter. \Ire nll ~ni~rchcd by the siune rol~tc.
(57) 'l'he Brigadier nclctl wit11 tliu ltcst it~lcriti(~~l 011 t l ~e occasion ;
2 N
92 Loss of C~t vahy I$o~ses,
;llltl l l r mnrollcll tell l ~l i l cs furt her, bcforc 11e foi ~nt l wnt,er at
tllc ~ ~ , . ~ ~ . ~ i r ~ r , I vl ~i c l ~ l ap t o t he l eft of our road. T h e y
I)rocl,rc(l I'lcllty of mitter and for:lge ; bnt not till bot h nlcll
rigl,,(l lIorscs lln(l sulTerr(l drcadfillly ; 50 or GO l i orscs fell
tllc ro;ld n1icl died. (5s) Tl i e Znncers were obl i ged
to ilisi,,oull~, iulcl to goad 011 t l ~c i r horses with t l ~c i r Lances.
i\~~~.~ of tile bilggi~ge belonging t o our camp wellt on wi t h
the Cnlrnlry ; no(l did 110t c ome i l l t o C A I I I ~ till l at e in t h e
evel~ing.
TIlc 1livlr of hrlillrl.y aud t h e 4t h Brigade a t the Cl l ul l l ~l l
Cllnliec.
Thc r ~~~ome t e r , at 3 p. 11, 109".
Z:jrd Jil,ri/.--l'o the Dor ce river, (Takht-i-Pool.)-Mnrcll-
ed at day-bce;i\< ; t l l er~uol uct er at 3 A. ~ 1 . 6 0 ~ . 13. R/I.>s 1 3 t h
Lt. Il~fy. lcd, follo~ved by t h e 11, A, , the ot her t wo Rcgts.
of 1st Uriyode, C; ~i ~~cl -l )at t ery, kc. After leitring camp, ancl
n~; l rcI~i ng nbout three nlilcs wc got into Lhe high roird t o
Citndahnr; il linc ro;rd, nllii t hrough n cultivilted count ry.
1
?
The r i ~ c r Dorcc liqr t o our left nbout five nliles, a ~ l d
wl ~ e r ~ ~ y c h;~tl nl;~rched about ei ght miles, mc s i ~ w t h e
C!;ivy. ~ ; ~ I I I ~ I to the Icft, so t hat t hey must I~nve niarclied
across ~ l r c co1111try t o t he rivcr. U'e I~ild solne t ri fl i ng
ascc~rts a l ~ d tlusccllts ; we fouiitl scvcri ~l I<arczecs (wells) of
good water iit abont t wo 111iles before mc rcached cal np.
U'c cncitu~petl 011 tlrc biu11; of t he Dot ace river, t he mrater of
wl ~i c l ~ is britcliisll ; t here wi\s ;L snlltly-desert on t he ot her
~i t l e of t l ~ c river. Th e river was deep i n sollle places.
The hill called '( Lylee 1M?Ljn0on" about three ~l l i l es N. E.
of ca111p. The c\istnnce mnrched to-day was 15; nliles.
This pliice is 3,Ci30 feet above t he lcvel of t he sen, o r 288
w
but it was found :rftera:~rtls tllnt there was \~irtcr sufficient for
ill
ollr camp; there being screl.nl water-courscs, wit11 good water.
(5s) Tilose rv110 \\*cue l~reselrt, cleecribe the scel~c as nlost alrpnllillg.
The Inonlerlt t l ~c Ilorscs saw the water, tlley nlnde a sudflcn rush illto
the l'i\'er as if 11ri1d ; bot.11 Inen ancl I~orses (1rn11li till tl,oy I1cilrlp bl t rst
themacl\'es. Oflicerv declare thirt tlreila tong~les eIeare(l to tllu roofs Of
tl1c;r nlouths; the wt cr ~11s wr y br:~cliisli rrhicl~ ill(lllced tilenl to
drink the more. 'l'he river mas 3 feet deep rtncl "lore in Eollle Illrlaes ;
and was5 or lniles off the proper road, Alony dogsan(1 other anim;l]s
died,
officer present ever witnessec\ such a scelle of (listress,
The king goes on l o CancZuEa~rw.
93
feet below Quilla Futtoo1;rh ; the thcrlno~ueter at 3 r. nr.
102". (59) Tlie Pnrlc of Arty. and 4tl1 Brigatlc at Dt u~dce
Goolace to-day, at 6 I>. nr. The liing went 011 in t he after-
iloon to Deh I-Iajee.
14. 24th April. To DeA II~jee.-~l'l~crmorneter 3 A. nl.
62'. The S l ~ a l ~ aud the Envoy atidMiliistcr mcnt on to-(lily t o
Rlioosli-ab, williin sevcil ant1 a I ~i ~l f niiles of Candalinr. (GO)
We marched nt d:ry-brcak. The Cavy. and 11. A. lctl, fol-
lo\veil by t l ~ e Inf;ultry, and No. G, Lt . Fd. battery. A good
road, t l ~ougl ~ rnt l ~er s t o ~ ~ y . Tl ~ e rear of o w ci~iliI), close t o
the walled village of Deli I-I:ljee, by which rlltis a good
st rca~n of ~valer. Candnlinr reported to be tlcserted. Tlie
4th Brigade and P:vli of Arty. irt Guillali Puttoolnl~. It
mas to this place the Candahar chiefs cirme ; and not Ije-
yond it.
35Lh April.-To 'I<hoosl~-ab. Tlicrmometer a t 3 A. M. GQO
h.larc1ied at (lily-break, over n dcserl-like plain.
At 7 A. M.
w
heard a CC Xoyal sable" and firing ; r t Caudaliar, in honor of
Shah Sl1oojal1-ool-1\IIoollr's entry into the ancicnt Dooranee
capital of Afighirnistan. There wcre several villages on thc
right and left of the road on this ninrch, and small distirnt
hills. The last two or three miles, the country covered wit11
fields of gr ai r ~; the village of Iihoosh-ab (61) close to t he
rear of camp. There mere a number of ICarezees close to
the front (N.) of cnlnp of clear pure water. We llad a
distinct view of Canc1;rhar from the front of camp. The
village of Klioosli-;rb is ir large place, with mud-nialls a~i t l
houses. The people had not all left i t ; s good nomber
appeared 011 tlie roofs of the houses to gr ~t i f y t l ~r i r curio-
h
(59) T l ~ e Cavy. were ordered t o join 11s in tlie rnorriirig I~efore ~vc
moved ! 'I'hey hi ~l ted to-day. l'lioy hntl 6 n~i l cs to ~narcll to j oi ~i I I ~ , so
that they tr;~vellcd 16 miles from Rlehel-M:rndirll, or : rbo~~t 24 rniles
Inore than rve did to the Doree river. l'wo 1ne11 irrtd ir vlonlan killed
near tlie ICnrezees, i ~nd many others plunclered ; i r~~tl i n ir n;irrorv glen,
not firr from them, 100 c:rmp-followers rvere sitid to hirrre I)een butcher-
ed !
( GO) I t rrns reported that the ol~iefs had fled fi*oln the city.
Suo
note 49.
(GI) PIensant , or~~eet , wnter.
, ; t ~ All rorilitl ~ l i c viIIngc t,lie crops of n~licat, and barley,
~yerc l~letitiful, alid estciisive. Pa r t of onr c : mp mas
pitc!le(l ill fields of barley.
Tlic crops were ;dl i n ear. (02)
The orders of to-dny directed for to-uxorrow's ~unr c h ;
I)rotection to t he growing crops, t o orcli:~rds, and vi1l:lges.
r; Thc officer Corng. tlie ac1v:~nce-guard, to post videtles over
any illa ages or gsrdelis, Ilc may pass on tllc son(1 ; with
to remiiin till the arrival of the rear-guard."
cC No soldier, 01. follower, t o enter t he city of C;indahar,
till l~ermissioi~ hc granted, wllicli will be iiniiouiiced ill
G. 0. ; and JI NSSCS nftcrwards givcn."
" 011 t he nrsivnl of t he t rool ~s at Cai~di~linr, tlie 13rigr. of
the day will post 'srqj'efg gunrds' from tlic advti~ice, ill he
differcllt villages i u t he vicinity."
People bl.inging Y~ov i s i ons t o cnnzl)--dla~ts. (63)-G. 0.
" A. Qr. Mr. Oenls. of Divisions to nssigli coiiveliicill spots,
it1 tlie viciiiily of tlic difYcreiit Urigatlcs, nllcre mas.ts ma y be
hcld for tllc sale of provisioris, ;iiiil of articles of counl ry
prodlice."
C' Tlic Pro~.osL Scrjts. of brigades, ant1 ally steady soltliers
wlio riiily be :r.r.;tilnble for the duty, ~ui t st be required t o bc
otl tlie look oiit for liicn briliging it1 sul11)lit.s for s:~le, in
order to condoct tlici~i to tlic dikYere11t mi ~r t s ; at n~hi ch
~ ~ ~ I C C S ~ W L Y ~ S 11111st b? l~ostcd, t l ~n t tlie Siitlers l i l i l ~ n o t be
molcstcd, nlid tililt 110 illjustice be donc."
" If there be ally plundering, 11. X. will require tile loss t o
be niade good by tlie Brigade i n t hc Mart of which tile
robbery may be comii~itted." (64)
" I'robibition t o eiiter tlie city of C;uldJnr, for tile prc-
~ n t , to be publislied by beirt of l'onz-Tooh ill tile Ji f br el l t
biizars!'
(GB) l'lris I thinlc sl1011ld I1:wc been nvoided, as there ~ r a s ground
fur our camp ~ri t l i out encroacl~ing on t he fields ; tlicrc was a desire t o
get rlenr lllo I<i~rczeL)s. 'l'llis was no filult of the I). Qr. Alr. GI., ;IS he
11nrl ~~itclictl the flilgs or1 ot l ~er gro1111d.
(153) lInllirlg I)eell yluntiereti.
(~4) The UIILO of I ~ i l l i n g l o t ~ did so in the Peninsnlir.
He miltle
cllTice~ and nlen botll p:ijr. It is iln adrnirttl~le plan ; as it oper,rt;er; 011
tllc pnrscli of i~ll-llrc lliust elkctan1 cllecli,
lCfccts of the knj t h of the March. 95
;<The order for tlic mnrcli of tlic troops to-lnorronr,
couiitc~~m;untled ; the Hd. Qrs. alonc to inove to Cnndn1i;lr."
The 4th l3rig;~de and Park were liitlling to-day at Quillnl~
Fattoolith.
Tlic Bombay col u~nn a t t hc elitrailcr to t he Ir'ojuuk-Pt~ss,
to-any. ( 65) Tlierinometcr 3 P. l r . 9Y; elevation, above
t he level of t he seii 3,484 feet.
15. Movch i o Candnluzr, (1Gtli Apl.il, 1539.) St at e of
afni~s.--The I-Iend Qrs. arrived at Cnndnlinr tliis day. 'l'lle
4th Brigade and t he Pi ~r k, were four mnrclies i n our rear.
'l'he BonlBny column wits not quile out of tlie IZojuk Pass;
niid Lt.-Col. Wade mas ~vi t h t he Shnliznda Timoor, ant1 his
force, wiiiting at Peshawer.
The Bengal c o l ~ ~ i n ~ ~ , 011 reaching tliis city, h;rtl made a
march of 1,005 miles fl-on1 Pe~ozpoor, aild 1,210 lililes flsonz
I<uriial; while somc of the troops Ilad mnrcl~ed ;r gr ei ~l cr
(listaiice. (66) The people of the Cc Jrltuierecl Bslnblish-
me?zts" 1lad beell 011 hay-mtioiis since the 8111 of hi arch
last, or for tlie preceding 48 days. (67) 'l11ie Cavy. : ~nd 11.
A. horses liztd been put oil halJLrations since t he 34th'
March, so that they had beell on reduced ~t i o l l s , with
scanty fo~age, for 33 days. Th e troops aiid ciiiap-followers
h;td beer1 or1 hc~bf-i*ations since the 29th March, aiid h,ltl
now been 28 t l i ~ ~ r ~ on thesc rations, nfithout linviilg lli~lcli
opport i ~i ~i t y to purchase grain, or obtain any vegetables as
a substitute.
1'11e Cavy. :uld I-I, A. horscs Ili~d 7LO g~ai i z since t he 30tli
of March, so that for the IauL 26 diiys tllcy were subsisted
(66) They found n gnotl rontl 11i1d been rn:~tlo 11)- t he l?eng;~l column ;
but t he ascents and clecli\~ities for 3;; miles were so steep, i ~ s t o present
n ~lrost for~nidable ulldertnlii~lg to their ;irtillery a~i t l jaded cnttle. A
portion of t he btiggnge i ~n d of t he 4 1'. [I. A. 1)nssecl over (luring t he
day, nssisted I)y H, i\l.'s 17tl1 foot ; ~n d camp-follorvers, who worked :it
inter\,nls, also, during t he night-fnr~king parties of the 17th foot;
Itilletl sever:rl of t he 11 ill peoj)le. (Cnl~t. Outr;lm, p. 71 .)
( 6 6 ) The 31st N. 1. n41ich reln:~it~scl ;tt Quettir Iriid, on its arrival
tllcro, mnrcllecl 1,377 ~~l i l es , 11avi11g stnrtud fro111 Al l i r l l ~l i ~d in Scllt.
1838.
(ti?) See 11. 41,
ol1 socll greet8 forage ils might bc pr ocur nbl c, a n d of t e n
on vc1.y bat1 gruss. (68)
Ill tllis st;ltu of affi~irs, o u r Cavy. I ~ I I I C ~ I recluced i n amount
by tile loss of it gr eat liiany liorses, illid owing to the we a k
coll(litioll of tlie res1,-were n o t fit for Se~ui ce 011 o u r a r r i va l
a t Cn n d i ~ l ~ a r ; i~lid llad t h e Sirdars coni e t o ;tttncli. us, mc
111ust I ~i ~y e opposed t he m wit11 Artillery a n d Injizszt?.y ;
(69) as we could I I O ~ h a v e effected ; u ~ y t h i n g wi t h t i l e
Cayalry. B u t IInjee I<han, I<U~UY t ur ne d t h e s c a l e in our
favor ; his defectioil oc c i ~s i ot ~e d thc Higlil of the chi ef s f r o m
Cundahar 011 the 23r d Apr i l t oa ~~r t l s Girisitk, a f o r t 75
n ~ i l c s distant, s i t ~ ~ i l t r d acr os s tlic Hel?~zunrl rivcr, a ~ ~ d be-
l ongi ng t o o~i c of t h e chiefs.
(GB) Horses accustome~l to five seers (about 9; lbs.) of gr;un, 11at.11-
rally got out of conclition on such food. 'I'l~c AfyA(itz horses cat green
forage (lucerne, kc. choppec\ up wit11 Bi ~ o o ~ s ) i n great quuntities, and
seldom get irny grilin. 'l'l~e II'oorlcmu~~s prefer dr y fuotl for their
Ilorses, nntl give from eight to 11i11c lbs. of bi~rley a day. If grcan bilrlcy
be given, tlic I~oi~se 11i1s I I O gri~in. Clo\fer and artilici;il grasses a r e
used fur feeding horses, and are given i n a dr.11 state. Juweree (I-lolcus
Soryhutt~) is prefcrrecl, contains ~nnc h snccharine juice." Bq~rnes's
Bokhara, vol. 2, p. 272,
The Cavy. kc, gave clover dried, (wllen procurable) niixed with
grass, when they could not ubt t ~i r~ Bhooso. Li11.p quantities of c10\~er
given alol~e, is cnnsidoretl bacl for horses. Even b~wlc!~ is n p i n
which, in its wl~ole state, gives but l i t t l e nourishn~eut, and i s partieu-
lnrly b:~tl if the barley be new, and of grunt \ re had not hacl onc grai n
fur more than t no mo~~t hs. Recourse was 11:ld to frying t he barley,
and, son~etinlea, nlnlring it into flour, or to boiling i t ; but this could
not be done for 2,600 I~orses !
The Toorkmrtns ns~~al l y give tlle bilrley flour lnntle up into l~nlls,
with the fat of tlie doo,,~ln sheep. Even the cun~el-~nen gave balls of
this kind, n~ixed with \rater, decl ar i ~~g th:rt 4 8 11)s. in this form, were OF
more llourishn~ent thnn 8 Ibs. of t he barley ahole. I n fnct i t was
ubserved, that the bnrley passed t k~ougl s the horses and cnttle, i n a
&ole state.
( 69) It seen13 tl~iit the chiefs had not on the 13th April, abllndoned
the lrope of raising i\ religious w:Ir a e i n s t is, as cliscoyered by intar-
ce~tedletters. Our approach to the I<uju/c 1' ; ~s ~ 011 the l.l.tll hl)ril, hnc1
stirred UP the Sirdnrs to nlove forward ; it small nclri~ncec~ pnrty c;rmu
there ; on the 18th and 19th April, two of t he cliiafs were s;hicl to have
Troops moving up from tlie Rear.
97
The rest of tlie troops mere ~ n o s i ~ ~ g up from our rear.
The pursuit of the chiefs was not deemed, at present,
advisable by tlie Eilvoy and Minister. (70)
The ther~llometer at 3 A. 31. 62O; at 3 r. 31. 94'. The
elevation above the level of the sen, 3,484 feet, or 146 feet
below Tukht-i-Pool, three inarcl~es in our reiv.
Hernt unclerstood to be secure at this period.
been within 12 nliles of tlie British cnmp at Dundee Goolaee wit11 from
2 to 3,000 good I~orsc. It is believed that they never came nearer
thnn Deh Hajae. On tlir 20th April IIujee Intan, I<alrur, and two otliers
of considerntion joined us in our camp, and this brolca up the Cendahar
army.
(70) See Appx. No. 2, para. 5.
THE ARMY AT CANDAFIAR-OCCURRENCES THERE-PREPARA-
TIONS TO LEAVE IT.
Candaha~, (1) 26th April, 1839.-Thermometer at 3 A. nr.
62". On tlie arrival of the Hd. BE. at Ct~ndahal; we
had only half-rations for the troops for about two days,
iiiitl the Cavalry horses had no grain ; but there was plcnty
of lncerne, and good grass to be procured. We were now,
to lay in a stoclc of grain, t o recruit our horses, ant1 to
purchase others t o complete our complen~ent, to be pre-
pared to move towards Cabool. Rest was required both for
lnan and beast. ~~e r momc t c r 3 P. N. 94'.
27th April. The Camp.-Thermometer 5 A. nx. 62". The
troops left at Roosh-ab, marched in to-day, and a cainp mas
formed. Tlle Bengul Infantry and Artillery, had a camp t o
the S. E. of thecity, distant about 2 miles. (2) Maj. Gen. Sir
IV. Cotton, and t he Bengal Staff camp, was close to t he S.
of the city; and lialf-way between these .camps was that
.of Maj. Genl. TisnckweZZ, Corng. the Cavy. H. a. t he
Cow.-in-Chief, Si r J. liearae, pitched his camp to t he S.
W. of, and in a garden near, the city. The 3rd and 2nd
Regts. Bengal Cavy. were encamped about half a lllile
to the W. of the city ; and 13. M. Shah Shoojall's contin-
gent mas encamped in their rear. The Cavy. Brigade was
at first encamped on t he right of the I ~ f y . Tlie Bo mbay
(1) For an nccnunt of C~iadulru~; see Chapter 7th.
( 9) The corps in one line from right to left ; 4th Local-Horse, (and
ail its arrival) the 4th Imfy. Brigade (35th N. I. 1st Eurn. llegt. 37th
N. I.) ; H. A. The Pnrlc, tlie S:ippers and Miners. 1st Infy. Brigade
(16th N. I.; W. M.'s 13tli Lt. Infy.; Cnnlel battery; 43th N. 1.)
0 2
column, on its arrival, hail i t s calnp, i n fsoiit of t he Coinr,-
in-Chid's. (3)
T]le whole of the camels of the army mere ordered t o b e
sellt o11t to graaing ground at n distance, protected by i i
\\'ing of Native 1nf.y. ancl a Ressulluh of Local Rorse,
coillpleted to 100 men. (4)
11 specinl coinlnittee (5) was formed for t he purpose of
ntllnitti~lg horses into t l ~ e service. The comlnittee mere
directed to record their opiuion as to t he fitness of the
remounts, for H. 1-1. Dragoons, or Beng;ll, or Bombay,
fight Cavalry; but t hi s coillillittee mas folund not to work
well, and Reginlcntal comn~i t t ees (6) were ordered to bc
formed ; limited t o t he purchase of the number of liorses
(3) Dy corps fison~ ri ght to left i n one line.
Tho Park ; I-I. A. ;
Ca\pnlry Brigade ; .lnfy, Brigade ; Poonnlr Auxy. I-Jorse ; H. M.' s
16th Lancers.
( ) 'l'hey were relieved weeltly, ancl took sever1 cl:~ys' snpplies wit11
tllem. \\'hen out grazing ciaring t11c day, y ~~r t i e s were sent with
- . .
them; nl~d nt sun-set they \yere orcIere(1 to he brought witlrin t he
picq~~ets. l1Tlle oHicer Co~ng. tllc escort directed to inflict sunlmnly
yunisl~inclrt on nny Surwan wl ~o clisobejs his orders; or who permi t s
his ca~nelu to stray into any cllltivation. '1'0 report ill1 casui~lties lrnd
occurrences every t l ~ree cl:~ys."
( 6) Cousisting of Brigr. Arnold, President ; and a ~ i e l d Officer
from H. 11.'~ lGth Laacers; from tlio Deognl Cirvy. ; frorn t he Donlbny
Ctivy., and oficer Comg. 2 T. 2 13. (Bcngal) 8. A. '1'0 rneet at. t l ~ u
D. C. G.'s tent, on his notifieation t o tire Presidelit.
(0) G. 0. 3rd Aliiy, 1839, " Under tlre nntliority of Corng. officers.
But IIO liorse to be branded ~\,itIr t he Ilegtl. mark till inspected ilnd
approved of by tllc Urigr. Comg. tlre Brigade."
'I'he president of t he
coinmitlee gnve the seller an order for the price, on the D. C. G. :
to whom he sent n descriptive l l ol l of t he horse; the oflicer Comg.
llrc H. A. held n sinrilnr committee. \Veelily reports were rniide of
the number of l~orses lrorcllnsed, nnd t he prices pnid.
This committee answcrecl best ; ns the :rttention of each X:IS direct-
ed b the description of l ~or se, best sllited For the 1)srticulnr brancll of
tile service; nnd tinre wrls snvetl ; not l~irving to assemble oficel-s from
the different camps. 'I'he Rcgns. of the Bengnl rlrltl Bornhay Govt.
'differ as to the price givcn for I~oraos ; ill BBI I ~: I ~, 450 Rs. tire gi ven
fur horses for tho k1. A. and Dl ~ l g o o ~ ~ s ; i ~nd for the Niitive Cnvy.,
500 Rs. A t llombny, ,6011 nud ~ M O Its. are giver1 for Iiorscs.
Thi s
~i ~c~anceahool d not, I t l ~i nk, exist on s e r ~i c c i n a foreign ~ount r y, or
acti~aily required to complete.
But it was found diflicult
to procure horses i n sufficient numbers of t he standard
height, (7) nnd t he Comr.-in-Chief, a t the recommendation
of t he M;lj. Genl. Comg. t he Cavy., nutliorized (8) com-
n~i t t ees to pass, into the service, ho~.ses somewhat under t he
st~unclard ; lxovided they were satisfietl t hat the horses
possessed saficient bone, s t r e~~gt h, and activity, and were
unexceptionable i n other essentials. But no horse admitted
as ulldersized, to be llerenfler rejected, or cast, on the scorc
of being nndel.sized.
There must have been a loss of more than 500 horses i n
t l ~e 13el1gal and 13ombny colullnl~s. Capt. Ouirnm st at es
that there were 350 lost in the J3eng:ll itrmy, (9) iund about
150 l ~orses (10) of the Artillery ant1 Auxiliary Cavalry of
out of the Company's dominions, as the Cavy. of one cst abl i sl ~n~ent
does not come into t he market on t he snnie tcrrns. Indeed, i t ni i ~y often
bo necessary t o givc more than t he regulation price for one horse,
1v11ile by purchiising a great nun~ber, the ;rversge price may not exceed
the Regn.
l ' l ~e Bornbny Cavy. nre usuirlly mounted on small Arab horses wl~ich
are more expensive than country horses; they, ;rlso, use t he Crrtch,
and liattywar horses.
( 7)
1,1<$ 11ands ; t he Affgl~nn-l~orses are rather short and thick-set,
and have heavy shoulders. .
(8) G. 0. 11th Wny, 1839.
(9) c r \Irhile t he ren~ai nder :Ire so reduced in condition, a s to be
barely able to more fieom their picqnets." p. 76.
(10)
'( Dropped on the roi~tl I'roni esl1i1ustion. ?'he sureivors 1lnl.e
sufered mncll, but arc in better st at e t hi ~n t he l ~or ses of t he Bengnl
arlny." 13ut i t must be recollected tl~irt the l~orses of t l ~ e Bengal C'olumr~
hnd marched 493 rnilcs more than those of the Bo~nbay Colnmn; i ~ n d
thirt the lirtter 11i1cl been OII g~' cci )~-rat i o~~s till within 2 or* 3 ma~clbes
of Candill~nr ; wllile ou?*s had had no gr11i11 for 27 duys ! 1 merely
state the fiict t o nccount for tile result.
Ci ~pt . 0. i ~dds : I t i s now fully provetl, nnd admitted by a11
parties, t l l i ~t t he rlrab ant1 Persian llorses stnnd their work better t han
~t t ccl and country-breeds; t he l i ~t t e r t l ~ot ~gl l yonnger, stronger, and i n
fi,r better contlition, i ~ t stilrting, hilire invirriitbly Iteetr the first to gi ve
in ; \c*l~ile they sel do~n ridlied afterwi~rds. A few Ckipc horses l i ~t al y
. i ~~t r ot l ~~c e d into the l3qnlli1y army, 11i1ve illso proved tlle~~lsel\, es superior
to our stud-breeds."
the Bolnbay : this does not i~lclnile the FVing of 13. M.'s
4th TA. D., nor tllc 1s t l3olnbay Light Cavy.
Tlie Bangal colunlll had about 2,5GO liorses ; so t hat tlie
loss of 350 was about three in twenty-two Ilorses. (11)
Thc Bombay column llad about 1930 llorses, and t he loss of
150 mould be about jive in sixty-four liorses. We lost Itlore
thsn two-fifths; and tlie Bolnbay column are said to have
lost one-fifth ; nearly 1,500 horses (Bengnl nlld Bombay)
were lost in tlie whole cnnlpaign ! (12) Therlnometer 5
~ . 3 1 . 5 0 ~ . At 3p. nr. SS".
2. 29126 April 1839.-Passes were granted by officers to
private servttiitsJ iii limited numbers, to cnt er tlie city to
purclliue supplies. E C All passps to be returned on t l ~ e sirnic
evening to the person signing them, tliat they 111ay be dc-
stroyed." T/ierrnov)aeie~ 3 P. %I. 90".
3017~ April.-Tlier~i~oi~~eter 5 A. al . 64". Tlie 4t h Brigade
;ind the Park of Artillery arrived to-dity. Provisions were
sent to meet the Dolllbny colunnl. Cossids reported to-<lay,
that tlie Persians were advancil~g on Herat. Thermoliieter
3 P. If. 960.
1st M~ty.-Ther~)zometer 4 A. ar. 54'. The Cavalry this
inonli~lg, moved to new ground at Meyaum, about 4 iniles
on the roird to IJcrnt, for the greater fiicility of procuring
forage. I-I. E. Lt.-Genl. Sir J. ILea?ie beld a Levee to
receive, and bc introduced t o the Be~lgal officers, a t half
p:~st 5 r. ar. ; and nftcrwnrtls hiid i rri interview with t he
Shith, to concert nleasures for procuring s~lpplics ; itlld iLS to
the pur s ~i t of the Sirdars of Candahitr, tllell at Girisllli, 75
llliles of f ; who were said to be raising troops. TILermometer
at 3 P. M. 9QO.
Some sny the N e w SozilA lfiilcss' lloirses arc equi~l to those of tll6
Cnpe.
(11) The total loss from lot11 Dec. 183s to 31st Dee. 1839, was
1078, of Bengal Ilorses; being 81 loss of 6 out of la horses !
(12) 'I'lle Uengill Colunrn ~sndemozcu'd nt ICurrri11, on t he 31st Oct.
1838.
'rho I-Id. Qrs. nnd the returning troops rencl~etl Feruzpoor ou
the 1st Jim. 184.0, after n marc11 of 2070 miles.
'I'he troops nlirrol~ed
sonle clistnnoe to join ilf l<urllnl ; from 70 to 120 ur lllore miles.
Tftc Bombny Troops arrive. 103
2nd Map.-TJ~crmomeim* 5 A. M. 54".
I t had bee11 pro-
posed to send a detacliille~lt of two Cos. of Europcnns, 1,000
N. I., 300 Cavy., aiid two guns, to Girisl~k) to pursue tlie
Sirdars ; but owing to overtures received from the fugitives,
its march was delayed for tlle present. (13) Thermometer
3 P. nr. 94'.
3r d May.-Thermometer at 4 A. nr. 55". Preparations
were being made for the h7iny's first pt~blic appearance.
Thwmomcte?* at 3 P. M. 96'.
4t h May.-Therrnoiiieter 5 A. M. 54". The Bombay
colunlil, ulider Maj. Genl. l fi l l shi ~e arrived i u camp to-day ;
consistilig of two troops of H. A; the Wing of H. M.'s
4th L. D.; Wing 1st Liglit Cavy. ; (14) I-I. M.'s 21113 and
17th foot; Wing 19th N. I. ; (14) the Sappers and Miners
and Dett. Poonnh horse. I t was estimated that 500
Belochees, ICakurs, and Affghans, liad been slain by t he
Bengal and Bombay columns, since leaving Shiltarpoor and
Larkhana ; the loss on our side being thirty or forty killed
in opeii combat ; besides sonle hundreds of followers mur-
dered. (15) l'hwmomete~ at 3 P. ax. 99".
517s May.-l1llermometer at 5 A. N. 56'. The Shah's
Artillery mas at this time i n tlie Bolan Pass, escorted by t he
42nd N. I. and had hard worli from the 3rd to 5t h May,
in protecting the guns, tumbrils and carts, as the cattle were
unable to proceed. Five Cos. of the 37th N. I. were, also,
engaged on this harassing duty. (1 6) We heard that Mel ~rab
(13) Outram, p. 76.
(18)
The other Wing, as part of f1, E.'e cscort, h ~ d arrived with
US.
(It) On our march from Quilla Puttoollnl~ on the 22nd of April,,
150 ormore fo'ollomers werc killed, and tllc 1301nbay troops on the n~arcll
from Rlel~el NIandah lost 100.
(16) Brigr. Dennic was proceeding to join his Regt. and was with
tlie party. Orders had several tinlea bcon given to the me11 to Ieirve the
carts nllicll could not proceed, the cattle being incapable of moving,
and to bring on those tliat could.
'rile men of the 4,2nd N. I. were from 10 o'clock on tho night of tilo
3rd until the afternoon of the 6th May, witl~out food, and llad o~lly
about a pint of water. Tliey suffcrcd dreadfully from thirst irl~d
F
I(llnn, of I<Iielat, was dcsirous of coming to C;rndaliar to
tender his subnlission t o the ltiiig; but it was too late.
The~nlonzctc?. at 2 P. ax. 102'.
Gtl~ ~Mny.--Tliermon~eter at 4 A. ar. 60". Per mi s ei o~~
giver1 to the nlen entering t he city, wit11 Passes, to a limited
number of ~vell-conducted soldiers, daily ; to nialce pnr-
chases ; the indulgence if abuserl, to be withdrawn, on t he
first occasioli of ally misconduct. Comg. officers t o malce
their own arrangemeilts for N. C. 0. being present i n t he
city whilst the nlen ar e there on leave; t o check irrep~darities.
The advance of our troops, or a part of them, t o IYernt
was t o have taken place, had the SliuA of Persia returned t o
Besiege it. Major Todd, P, A. ancl certail~ Enginecr and
Artillery officers, ar e t o be sent to EIerat, on a mission
to Shah liCamran ; and t o repair and sti+engtlien the fortifi-
cations. Thermometer a t 3 P, ar. 100'.
7276 May.-Thermometer at 4 A. nr. 62'. The Cavy.
Brigade moved nearer to t he city.
-
A collvoy of carnels \vitli grain came in to-day froill
Sliiltarpool.; the convoy when it left Shikdrpoor, co~lsisted
of 2,000 c;uncls, iuld 8,000 ~nnrllids (IT) of g r i n ; of mliicl~
grain a little more t han $1 reached Cantlaliar.
This was iL great loss nlld disappointment t o tlle army.
The convoy mas occilsionally attacked on its route ; but t he
misfortune mas, t hat t oo nlucli trust was placed i n t he
Native agents. (IS) Tlle news of t he occupation of Candahnr
fatigue, and there was great difficulty in inducing t l ~ e n ~ to abandon the
aarte under their charge, even under the severest prirntions end herd
labour. Both these nre excellent liegts., and they well maintained tlreir
k
cl~aracter on this occasion.
(17) 640,000 lbs.
(1s) The officer in ch~rrge lvas act i l ~g i n tlre Comsst. Dept. from
which he was renlovcd ; an inquiry was held to investigate into t he
circumstances attending t hi s loss. He was wounded during an nt t rck
made by the Delochees on t he rear of tho convoy ; but, the camels ougl~C
to lrnve been inspected and counted, as ell ns the lontls, beforo taking
charge ; md in nll nuch convoys, the camels and grain bags shor~ld be
collected, each day, aft er t he mnrcll, in one spot, nnd rangod in lines;
by which plan they could bo counted in a short time,
Installation of the l i i n. . 105
by 11. M. Shali SltoojaA-ool-Moolk, and t he British army,
was brought t o Lt,-Col. Wade at Pesharoer to-day ; wlien
a Royal salute was fired, by t he British and Sikh Artillery
in canlp; and t he Slinlizarla (Tynaoor) held a Lev& a t
6 o'clock i n the evening, t o rcccive the collgratnlirtions of
t he officers of t he British Mission and of his owu party.
Thermometer 3 1 . . BI. 100". At this time tlic force a t
Yesknwer was ready to irdrmlce.
3.-Ceremo?r?j of the Ki,y's Instattation, (8t h May,
18ti9).-T~w1nornetw at 4 A, ax. 62". The whole of t he Bri-
tish army (Bengid and Bombay) was drawn np i n line, ilt
t he dawn of day, i n front of the city of Candi ~har to t he
N. anionnting t o about 7,500 meri (19). A platform, or
throne, was erected i11 tlic midst of an extensive plain.
At sunrise, t he guns of t he pnlace a nno~~nc e d II. M.'s
departure. H. E. Lt.-Gcnl. Sir J. licane, with t he Staff
were awaiting t he egress of the procession, a t t he I $e~ut
L
gate, whence t he Icing proceeded on horse-back, through a
street formed by his own contingent. On his coining near
t he line, a Royal salute (twenty-one guns) was fired, and on
his passing down t he line, there was a general salute, and
t he colors were lowered, a s i n the case of crowned heads.
On his ascending t he throne, n salvo was discharged
from 101 (20) pieces of Artillery. Si r J. Keane, and t he
Envoy mid Minister at his Court, offered presents o n behalf
of the British Govt. of 101 Gold-mohnrs each (31), and
then thc oficers, British, and native, i n t he Icing's Ser-
vice, otiered nuzznrs (presents). The "Army of t he Aldus"
t hen marchetl r oui d, in front of the throne, i n review
I
order; this grand ceremony presented an iniposing spec-
tacle. There were : hont 3 or 4,000 Affghans asscm-
(19) The Ilritish Force then present rrt Cnndnllar w:~s iiboat 9,000
men, and thcre were about 3,000 of the Shah's contingent, besides some
Afghan Cavy.
(20) Tho roynl snlute with Intlinn kings, k c .
(21) S80 16s.
An odd number usually given by the natives of
. Indh.
P
106
Riol ul t he Ci l y Gales.
bletl to view the scene, but t hcy dill 1101 collie ou t he
piiratle. (22)
kIos1)i1nls.-Builtlii~gs havi ng been f oi u~d in t h e vi ci ni t y
of cmi~p, to atYori1 a c c on~~noi l a t i oi ~ t o tlic siclc of 2 T. 2 13.
11: h.; of tlie l'ilrli ; n i ~ d of 13. M.'s 13t h Lt . Infy. I-I. E.
b
;luthori~ccl thcic i ~ ~ ~ n ~ e d i a t e hi re, a t a sui l abl e rent . (23)
l'lrern~oineler at 3 1). ar. 102".
9/11 J1uy.-Ther~i~ometer 5 A. ar. GO0. The Sirtlars havi ng
rcjectctl t he terms offered tllew, a tlctacl~rnerit orclerecl t o
lllarcli agitii~st t1le111 ; therntomcler 3 r. ar. 98";".
10111 May.-'l'henuou~eter 4 A. xr. 56". Th e Bo ~ n b a y
can~p-followers in tlie great est distrcss ; flour a t onl y I &
scer (3 lb) per rupee. Thern~ot ncl er 3 P. 31. 98O.
11111 Mny.--Thermo~neter 4 A. ai. 56'. h ri ot a t t he
city gates, iuid several ~ n e r c l ~ ; u ~ t s pluudered. Th e ~ ~ i i f o r t ~ i -
11;ltc people shut up t hei r shops, an:l fled, i u ~d iilauy of tilt:
villngrrs Hed t o the mouutains. Gr i ~i n had become very
dcilr, and tl~ougli scilrce, its cscessive t l ear ~~css mt ~ s owi ng'
f
to the c ~~pi di t y i111d rascality of t he old Iiolhzurrl of t he ci t y.
. ,
I I c i ~~si st et l on l ~ i g l ~ prices aod large profits on t he g r a m ;
this ~ I I C ~ P : I S C ~ the tlc;u.~~ess, nnd tlie camp-followers we r e
al i ~~os t t l r i \ c ~ ~ t o tlesperiltioll (24). 11 party was s ent i n t o
thc city, to alTord pr ot c c t i o~~ t o tlie grain ant1 yubl i c s l or es
collected by the Commissnriilt. Tl ~er mon~el er 3 P. nr. 100".
4.
12111 illay, 1830, ( l l et t. t o Girisl1li.)-?'l~erinoi7~~ler
4 A. 31. 50'. Thi s mo r ~ ~ i u g ;i D e t a c l ~ l ~ ~ e ~ ~ t of t he fol l owi ug
(Z?)
It sns expectecl tliiit tliere would be an i n~n~ei ~se cromd, and
the Locnl Norse irere sti~tio~ied " to prevent n pressure to~rirrds t he
tllrono."
'I'liis cspcctntion wi~s raisetl from I~~i\ri~lg observed tlie
cordial manner \ritli \vhicli liis first nrrival was greeted (see Appx. No.
k
2, parii. 9); he, then, came wit11 n few attendants, and on tliis occiision
n large llily. force 1ri1s dr:r\rn 111'~ n sigllt to ~rliicli tlie people were
unrcc~istometl.
('23) This was a great conlfort for the sick, they \\.ere living in i t
tenlperature of $2' insteiid of 10F' .
l' l~ere being ir tlifference of 18 or
20 degrees, between the tents rind these buildings.
( 2 ~ ~ ) Forty ~nen were flogged on the 12th illstant for liaving been
caught Rmong the plunderers. There is 110 tloiibt tlii~t we caused n~ucli
distrcm to the peo\)\e, as the presence of our Ilrnly, doubled the num-
bcr of persons to be fed ; sod we were there two moaths!
Gi ri shk Bet/.-Inh*cep/ed letter. 107
details marched f or Girisl~k, under t he . c o mn i a ~ d of.Bpigr.
Sal e : 2-l B-prs., 2-54-inch mort ars, manned by E u mp e a ~ ~ s ,
a ~ l d tlie Camel bat t ery (4-9-prs. and 1-24-pr. Howi t . ), wit11
a por t i o~i of t he Engi neer Dcpt . (Ci~pt. Sanders), a n d det ai l
of snppcrs and ~ni ner s. A Sqnndron of Cavjr., ma de up by
sel ect i or~s (25) fi vm t he 2 n d a nd 3rd Il cgt s. of BenyaZ Lt.
Cavy.; 100 I I I ~ I I of H. M. 13t h Lt. Iufy.; ancl t he 16t h Ben-
gal N. I., wit11 a det ai l of H. M. Shah Shoojali's Infy. t o
compl et e i t t o 1,000 luerl; and 300 of t he Sl ~nh' s Cavy., Capt.
Cltristie's-a t ot al force of about 1,700 Inen. (26) Gi vi sl ~k
beionget1 to IjOlzt?~-dil Ii l i an (t he heat1 chicf and is di 6t ant
75 miles fro111 Cn~~d; l l ~nr . (27) If t he chief refused t o sur-
rel ~t i er tlle pliice, i t was t o be st ormcd, r21itI t l i ~ gal-ris011
put t,o tlie sivortl, gi vi ng n o qr~qrt cr. Th e - P o s t Mas t er
ortlered to l ay a d;lwlc t o convey l et t ers t o iuicl from t he
above det achmei ~t .
Ini ercept cd 1ettcr.-An i r ~t er cept ed l et t er l l ri l s found ill
t he city, sai d to be wri t t en to Dost . J4~l ~omecl .l<l~a,l, by Ha-
j e e Khan, I i akur , st at i ng t hat our force consistecl nf 2,500
(26)
So knocltetl 111) were our Cnvy, that tlterc was not any one
troop lit for det:ichetl dtrty.
(26)
l'wenty days' ~)rovisions (hrrlf-rations) nrld 300 ro~ttlds per
m~rsket, :in11 proper pr~)l)ortion of rot~nds for the Arty., rvcre setrt.
(2.7). l ' l ~e Fort of Giriuhlc i w ti11 it~sig~tiliciirtt placc ; the defences
nligltt be tiiltcr~ by 9-prs., were b:rttcring found nccessnt-y, and t11c
plrice czrried by escnlilde; or ;I fiiror:rl)le spot, wliere there is no ditch,
ntiglrt be selected for mining, ;itrtl the w;~ll Ilrencl~etl witltout tlifioolty.
The gateways aerc weiik ntid tlte gi~tes bnilly co~istructed. Tlte river
IJtlmt~ntl is crosscd froin tlte left to tlie right brmk, 011 ~vlrich stnads
the fort, al~ottt R liiile distant. .
The river tviis obliged to be crossed by rr~fts mnde of rlrrn cnslcs,
wlticlr were torved :rcl.oss I)y the sirppers. Cirpt. Sujrrlers tlritiks Ib
suspension lrritlgu of ropes, supported OII trestles, should be used tvl~en
the river is in flood. Girishlc is on tlte rontl to Ilerr~t, imd \\41en tllo
nlission crossecl it on tlte 27th June, 1839, t l ~ e river Itad frrllen four feet.
l'his fort, in our possetisiot~, nliglit be r e~~der ed serviceable :rg~iinut
tlte Affgl~nrs.
I t is ;I very unlieiiltlty ~)liice irt August arid Septentbcr ; otie of the
.Sh:ilt's ltegt. tlrere lost 4,O Inell, nncl ]lad 4 or 500 sick ; iiad was
obliged to bc nithdrir\\rn!
10s Tire ICingYs Levbe
Cavy, 7,000 hl fy, (25) iwd advising him to advance 1
to oppose 11s. Subsequent events ilidlice ;L belief t hat he
I
rvns the \vriter of the letter. I
Flo~ir ofre seer per rupee ! Tilermtr. 3 P. 11. 10'2".
P
]3t/i May.--Tliermtr. 4 A. 31. 56'. The people retoriled
to-dily nild opened their shops outside the gate of t he city,
to sell l~rovisions, kc.
Tlbernitr. 3 P, nl. 102".
14tl' &fay.-'I'hermtr. 4 A. nr. 5V. The grazing groiind
ch;lllgcd.
l' itcrmt~. 3 P. ar. 102".
16lla May.-Theniitr. 4 A. ar. GO". " Intelligence receivect
thnt tlie chiefs at Girishk htne fled, with olily 100 horsemen
and tlie siiillc number of Iiify. ; but in mliat directioll not
kno\rw" (29)
Tlaermt. 3 11. ar. 1049
17th filay.-Thcrmtr. 4 A. AI. 6 2 0 . Tl ~ e Europeans irre
going filst inlo hospiti~l. (30) Three or four deaths occur
daily.
SlruA Shoojnla-001-Moolk's Lev&.-All the British ofi cers F
slid tliose ilttitched to 13. M.' s contitigent, mere introducecl
t o t l ~c king n l liis pi~lnce i11 the city. H. E. Sir J. Iceane,
hlr. J/aolc[glrlcn, tlic Envoy iuid hilinistes, gave a present
eacli, of 101 gold niohors, hCilj. Genls. 21, Brigadiers 11,
Field officers 5, Cnptilins 2, i ~nt l S~ibi~lterns 1 gold mol ~ur,
each.
li'hujaloahs for 1l~e sick. (20th Rilay.)-I<li~ija\~~al~s (31) for
tllc cirrriagc of the sick on the march ordered to be made
(09) This wan i~bout the amount of the Byitisla force Iken a t Call-
dahirr, exclusive of the Shnli's contillgent and t he Afglicln l ~or se i n liis
sefsice. Dost illitlromcd did rclvirnce, in 1634, to Ca~~drhar, wllen t h e
, .
Shah come there on his lust expetlition.
(29) \Ve iifter\virrtls learnt that they fled, 154th precipik~tion, to t he
I*
frontier of Persia.
(30) The 1st European Rcgt. h ~ d 86 ; H. RI.'s 13th Lt. Infy. 80;
14. N,'s 16th Liinccrs nearly 100. See Table, No. 2.
(31) l'lle l i h~j awi ~hs were aritdo of ;r \roodenfriime.work, a l ~o r ~t C&
feet long, by 3: broad, \vitli ir seilt at the baclt for two Inen. Th e
sides of the frame-\rorlc wore filled up with gunny clotl~. Each camel
carried t\vo khujn\vrhs, one on each aide ; so that each cnmel carried
four sick men. 'I'liis nlotlo of ~r ; i \ ~el l i ng is very r~nco~nfortnble for
VenJ hick 111e11, as the n~otioli throse the body for\ri~rd and then bi~ck-
\r:brd, at crcry stel) tlre aninial talces.
I
Gvain f or Cavy. kovses. 109
;
up : for each Earopenla Regt. t en pai rs ; f or each Native Regt.
firre pairs, and t wo pai rs for n t roop of I-I. A., mntl o n e pai r
for tlie Calliel bat t ery. (32)
A gull mas orderecl t o be fired, daily, a t noon.
G~a i n for ho~ses.-The Coml ni ssari at Dept . havi ng ob-
t ai ned a snfficient suppl y of grai n f or t he horses, of uloullLed
corps, di rect ed t o i ssue 3 seers (6 Ibs.) of barl ey t o each
horse dai l y f r om t o-morrow ; a ~ i d tlie pur chase of i t by Re-
gi me~i t i l l commi t t ees, t o be discootinued. (33)
5. Canzels carried o$, (231x1 May, 1839.)-TI~erazo-
mctcr 4 A. 31. 56'. A gr eat nuni ber of caniels carri ed off
from t he gr nxi ~i g- gr ound; ant1 from t he r epor t of t h e ol5cel.
Co111g. t he detRc11me11 t o n tlu ty, tlicre bei ng reason to
suspect t11;lt t he Rewa~*ee (Iiired) owners Iintl esaggernt et l
t he ~i u ~i l b e r s carri ed off, o r had been gr azi ng i n a forbi dden
di rect i on ; t h e Comr.-in-Chief desi red t h a t Compessation
(34) shoul d not, o n tlie pr escnt occiision, be passed t o t h c
cl ai ni nnt s; mid t o secure Govt . f r om i mposi t i on, oil t hc
par t of t he crrmel-omaers, 13. E. di rect ed (35) al l cl ai ni s for
(32)
On tho Sot11 June, an order was issued to mlrIce up pads, to
prevent tlie Ichujawirl~s from galling, or injnring the C ~ I I I I ~ ~ S ' backs.
'l'he price of each pair of lthujawul~s, including the pads, was 26 Rs.
12 ns.
(33) l' l~ey had comn~enced reaping barley (the enrliest crop)
about the lot11 to 12t11 May, so thrrt the llorses had not lied grnin for
many days, sinco the 30th of RIarcl~, 1830.
The Horse Arty, horses were kept on Itc~lf-mtions, longer thnii t he
Cavy. horses were.
(38)
1'1venty-five Rs. were paitl liy Govt. for encll caulel. 'l'l~ere
k
i s no doubt t11:rt many of the Surwnns \vent into the gardens, or culti-
vation, and that the cirn~els were thus cnrried off by tlro villagers. I Vo
lost a great mnny cnrnels, owing to the Surwans going beyond the
Cordon plnced for their protection.
(35)
G. O.26tl1 May, 1839. The Committee to be heldon tlic requi-
sition of the Con~sst. oficer, and to record tlleir opinion on the clninl.
Proceedings sent to Hd. Qrs. D. C. G. not to pny on his own nut1101.itf.
Where a calnel died, the surwan, or tire onwer, was obligod to cut out
tho rr~n~lc and bring i t to thc Comsst. officer. Tllere is no doubt thnt
innny of our camels were oitrried otf, and sold ngnin to us by the
Afyliin~s !
irlleged to Iiave- becn capi et l off by robbers, t o be
sellt before a coriirllittee of oficers, t o be iasenlblc(1 i11 t he
brigatle i n a l ~ i c h t he l oss may Iiirrfe occnrred.
Com.missnriat.
('24th Mt1yJ 1839. )-08cers Comg. En-
r
ropeall corps and Det t a, of t he Dengal division, wer e di rect -
ed to send tlie nallles of one st cndy N. C. O., ~LIICI t111.e~
private^, for s e l e c t i o ~~ for el i l pl oy~l ~e~l t u ~ ~ d e r tlie or der s of
tlie D. C. G. (30)
A Dram of liwnt wirs about t hi s time, issued out t o eiiclb
of the officers, ~ 1 1 0 chos e t o i ndent for it ; iw we 11ad l ol i g
bee11 iviL11out ally nrilie, or spirits of any kind. (37) T/ m-
n4olneter 3 1,. nr. 92".
24th fifa?l.-'l'liermo~~leter 4 A. nr. 58'.
Bei ng tlie :r~rlii-
versary of I l e r bili~jesty' s birtll-(lily; ir royi ~l sal ut e iviis
fired a t 110011; a ~ ~ d a n es t r a allowir~lce of liquor issued to
each European ~oldier. Tl~ermometer 3 1.. $1. 95".
38th May.-'l'hermometer 4 A. 31. UPO. Thi s evelling -P
Lt s . lnverarity nlld FVilracr, H. M.'s 16t h Lancers, rverc
r
r ot unl i ng fro111 it f i s h i ~ ~ g part y rlcirr t he Urghontlab river,
nnt l n~~ct l , (38) tlicy were attncltetl by i i pirrty of armed-
nien, but separately ; for Lt . W. hat1 gone on in adv;ulce,
and ha d tlespntclieil l ~ i s servant wit11 his gun;--Lt. I.
stilying a little behintl for some pkLrljose ; trt t hi s t i me no
persons were observed. Lt . W., l i t ~vi ~l g a st i cl ~, beat oJT
t he people a ~ ~ d escaped to t l ~ c Ileiirest (the Shall's) calnp,
anti gave the ditnll, when a, par t y was s e ~ ~ t baclc rvith Lt .
W. mllo, o ~ r hi s ret urn, fount1 his compar r i o~~ so dreadful l y
(36) Tl~ese Er~ropeans were found very useful. Tl ~ey acted as a
cl~eclc on tile Native Agents; but on 811ch an espeditiorr tiley :Ire
absolutely nccessnry, to see the caniels are Itept in a co~i~pnct order
on the ninrch, and t l ~i ~t the bags are claily con~~ted.
(37)
Iss~red to Sti~ff Serjts, of N. I. Regts. by C4.O. 1st June, and
to 111etlicr11 Ifi~rrnnt officers by G. 0. 20th June, 1830. 'I'l~ese Dran~s
were pnitl for by tlte 1);rrties indenting for them.
(38) All officers h~t d bee11 tlirected not to nl,l)e;ir O I I ~ of c:tmi,
without their s\rords. 'l'l~e Iting w;~s 1n11cl1 i11111oyrt1 a t t l ~c nrr~rder,
nnd tool< much tro~ible t o find out i~ntl seize tile murderers. l ' l ~ey
lived near a Sf~nctuury, which \\.:IS raxed to the grol11111.
hikcltecl and cut through the back, that he only spoke a few
~ o r d s ; nslred for tvater, dr al ~k it little and expired. 'I'/ter-
nzon~eles, 3 P. &I. 98. (39)
6.
OrcZerfo?. mn~c7~ t owa~ds Cnhool, ('1st June, 1839.)-
TIt ~~momet er 4 A. nr. 52".-G. O.-C' rl'lie whole of the
troops except 1 Rcgt. N. I., to be held in readiness to
mnrch."
8. "Brigs. Gorclon, Co~ng. in Upper Sindli, to require
four Cos. 42rld N. I., iiolv nt Shiltal.poor, and i b Regt. of
Bonlbny N. I., to ~narcl i iis escort to tscasure consigned
t o the iinlly ; together with any Detts. of I-I. M. Shah
Shooj i l l ~' ~ horse which nlay still be in the District. ; ant1
such details of Si ndk Cavy., recelltly raised, as illity be
irviiilablc."
3. " On thc awivirl of the tre;wure at Dada?; the hvo
Cos. 31st Bengal N. I. now there, will be relieved by i t
si ~i ~i l ar detail of Boml~ay N. I., and the former will join tile
escort, iind proceed t o Quelta; wliere the whole of the 2nd
brigade of Bengal N. I., mill be nssernbled."
4. '( The Bombay Battn. will not nlove beyond Quetla;
till F. 0. ; but Maj, Gen. Nolt will despatch the treasure t o
EId. Qrs. under charge of a Regt. of Bengal Infy., the
Sindlb Cit\ry., and such details of Shah Slloojah's horse, iis
are available."
5,
C' Maj. Gen. Nett will also send forward one troop of
the Shah's Arty., now in Shawl; niitl t\vo Cos. of the Shah's
I nf j ~. ; these are t o be attiichetl to the gulls, ;~ntl t o assist
in passing tlleill over ilifici~lties."
6. ': can do ha^ to be garrisoned by 1 Regt. Ren6;tl Illfy.,
1 troop of the Shdt' s Arty., 1 Regt. of the Shah's 111fy.
cind C;~pt. Andt r s o~~' ~ Ressalah of horse."
7. "A Regt. from the Beogal Infy. brigade, llorv at Hd.
(39) o i pt . Oul~am, (p. 134) aftcr 11avi11g cnpturetl irnd rw~cd the
different Ghiljie forts bettveerl Ciklidiil1:rr and Cirbool, 6e11t 1);tck tl16
5111~11's Affgllt~ns, via jlfulroo~ (16 ~ncrrclles from C;~ndithar n11i1 six from
Ghuznee) in order to i~pprel~end cert;ri~i persons resiclirlg tltrrc, wl ~ o
stood nccused of this murder. I Iiirre not Iieiird if they s e r c appre-
hentled.
113
Cntilc cnllcrl i n front g ~ a z i ~ t g .
QI.s,, mill Ilc detailcd for this duty, :~rld Ci ~pt . Timings' s
(Niltivc) troop R. A,, f or t he preselit, t o reillilill a t Cil11d;r-
llilr; to wliicli will be attaclled t i l t egt . of t h e Sliah' s
111fy."
8. " 011 tlie arrival of tlie t reasure from Slcikavpoor, t h c
negt , of t he second Bengnl brigade, which aiTords i t escor t
fro111 Quefta, wi l l be relieved from tlie charge, by t h e Regt .
liere, i ~n d nil1 remain a t Ca~~r l uhur ; tlie l i ~t t el ; t i l l I?. 0.
wit11 Cxpt. T.'s t roop H. A., a n d snch details of hor s e ( not
l ess tliii11 300) as iiiay b e iwailable, mill proceed wit11 it to
]-Id. Qrs, of tlie army."
iCTlie 4 18-p. gzcns a nd sue11 ordnance st ores a s t h e 13ri-
gatlier inay see fit, t o bc left a t Cundnl~a~.." (40)
371d June,-'X'bennometer 4 A. ar. 54". A nui nbcr of
caiilcls carried OR. TI~c~qnonzeter 3 r. M. 104'.
31.d .7une.-l'l~ermometer 4 A. ar. 54". Tl i e camel s s e n t
o u t t o graze a t Gooadoo J l e ms o o ~ I<?~an; t he escort t a ki ng
b
tell di gsy provisions. Tlierinoilleter 3 r. 31. 105".
4t h June.-Tliennoincter 4 A. ar. 66". Th e publ i c cat t l e
called i n fro111 t he grazing-ground ; from tlic 5 t h t o 1 0 t h
Junc, \\?iIs tlic Lillie fiscd for tlie march. Th e Govr. Genl.,
i t i s said, directed tliitt nre slior11rI not march with l ess than
six ~veebs' full ri~tiolis. (41) As respects t he heal t h of t h e
troops, there was more sickness ilt Cnndahor thiln we had
before esperienced, (48) ant1 we sliould be illnrcliing i nt o a
country witll a lower t empcrat nre; s o t hat , i n fact, i t was
ndvisuble, if we had eecured t h e required quant i t y of snp-
plies, to move ns early as possible ; since, having been h e r e
(40) See furtllcr orders, lot11 June, 1539. 4
(41) The crops at Cantlal~ar were ripe and ripening, while a t
Glr~csnce and Cuhol the crops sere green.
The object was to collect
the crops here (which tilo Shall perniitted us to tnlce) ; and not to be
too so011 fur the crops cit Ghuanee a1111 Cobool, unless me could carry
very lnrge s~tpply nit11 us, a11icl1 was iml)ossible ; and in carrying
I 1
away svl~at we did, we 11rlf-starved the inhabitnots ; (dl tlie old grailr
appeared to have been consr~mod,) besides we oxpectetl daily, n convoy
of Lohanee n~erchmts wit11 20,000 mauncls (1,600,000 l b ~ . ) of grnin.
(.I?) Seo Tnble, No. 2,
Occurrences in ou9- Rear. 113
thirty-nine days, we llad recruited our nleil, horses, and
cattle; (43) irnd by a delay, the ~vell-nffecterl might cool
i n their zeal ; and we were affording Dost Mahorned I{Iaan,
s o much inore time t o strengthen 1iirnself.at Ghuanae, atid
a t Cabool : while we knew that Ilerut wns riot threatened.
7.
Occurvences ia ot ~r Rear.-On the 23rd May, 1839,
a party consisting of detachments, and ir wi ng of the
23rd Bombay N. I. mnrched from Shikarpoor, with treasure
and stores. Dr. Hal l ar a?~ (Bonzbny army), Lt. Chalnaers,
43rd (44) and Ensig11 Ste. Beaufort, 48nd Bengal N. I.,
wlio nccoinpanied t he party, fell victims to tlie trenzendous
lieut ; as, also, Conductor Ifivilland (Bengnl), and Mr.
Jtrvis, (Agciit of MY. Frith's, Bonzbaly.) An expeditio~i had
been p l i ~ ~ l ~ e d frorn Bukltu~, (45) of mliich some Europeans
\\tho had been left behind from tlie army, sicli in liospital,
forll~ed n part. A s ~bi r da r and riine sepoys, (Bengnl) died in
one day, near Mee~poor. (46) Tlic above events took
placc between the 2nd rriid 4th June, 1839. Thermometer
3 P. M. 1060.
Govr. sent t o Tirhun, (5th June).-Tlbcrtnometer 4 A. M.
58". H. M. Shah Shoojah, sent a new Governor t o Tirhun,
about two or three lllnrches froin Ca~~dahar, to displace the
ol d Governor ; t he latter resisted and killed twenty of the
new Govun~or' s followers ; the king then sent a detachment
against t he pl'ice, mlien the new Governor was allowed to
assume his office.
(43)
rVe llnd t o ~ U ~ C ~ I : I S ~ 3 01' 4,000 canlels !
(44.) J u s t come out f r om E~iglitr~d.
(4&) 26 miles t o t h e rear.
(46) Lt . Corny, H. M. 17t h Foot, (proceeding to join) started with
49 Europeans from I l u / t l c ~ ~ i ~ for Shikalyoor. He, with 12 of the mon,
l ost t hei r way and renlirined under a t ree nll day. Nirtives mere sent
o u t t o loolc for thorn, and i n t he course of tlio cl:~y, seven Europeirns
were brougllt i n dend. Lt. C. died of cl ~ol er~r t he follotving di ~y ; two of
tlro part y, not found, were of course dead ; tlre remaining tlrree were
b r o ~ ~ g h t i n sucll a state, ns to require their being sent to Bukkuv
immediately-tlre sun killed tlle111 all. The heat was llbO i r ~ t ent g
slid 100 i n a house wi t h tatties.
Lt . D. IZarnsny, 17t h Bellgal N. I. died in t he Bolan Pars on tlre
I
26th Miirc11, 1H39; ]but not f ~ ~ o m the elfbcts of t he heat.
Q
pcshn?ocy.-Aboat t hi s t i ~i i c t l i erc ma s n goni l ileal of si ck-
ncss a111o11g tlie of i c e r s (47) :lnd xiieli at P e s h n wc ~ . Th e r -
xllometer 3 1.. ar. loti".
Af'hnns t r i e d for Can, el stenling, (Gtli June). -Tl i ermt r.
4 A. 11. 60". T h e f our Afgliuns t r i ed by n Nzrtivc Ge n e r a l
Court-Mnrtinl, f or havi i i g st ol en ~ ~ i i l cur r i ed :iwny 011 t h e
2nd i ns t ant t went y-t l i ree caiiiels b c l o ~ i g i ~ i g to t l i e Bonzh(1y
;~l.niy (4s) : r ~i d s c ~ i t c ~ i c e d to b c hongcd) we r e to I ~ n v c b e e n
executed t o- ~i i or r ow iii01'11i11g, 011 tlic spot I Y ~ I C P ~ t l i e l i t t e Lt.
$ t ~ v c y a ~ i l y mas iiiurderecl ; bi i t t hc &if29 c1;iiliiecl t h e m ns l i i s
suvecl s! I-I. Rg. was riot sntislied wit11 t h e s ent ence, and
iippoiuted n I kI ee~za t o relienr t h e evidence, wl i e ~ i t l i e king
pronounced then1 ?lot gui l t y, (49) upoil t l i e evidence tnlte~i
(47) Lt.-Col. IVnrk, mas siclc with rr fever, and Dr. Lorrl, (nombny,)
Lt . Corjieltl, 2nd Enrn. Regt. Bad been obliged to 1e:ive t he cnmp.
(49)
Sirid to be Sir J. ICe~cite's.
(.in) 'I'lre fiicts of tlre case were tllese. Tlie four lnen 11nd driven
OR tlleso cirniels from tl~c? grazing gr o~u~d, putting tlie drivers in l ~ot l i l y
feiir; one Srir\van ran birclc to give ii~forlnntion, whe11 a party of t he
4.tl1 J,oc;il 1.11~rse went out after the robbers, i ~nd seized tlreln, ant1 reco-
vered the C~IIIICIS, jnst ils the robbers trcrc! on tlie lloint of reaching some
liills close by ; where lrntl t l ~ey gone, the ctnnels \\rould Ilevelo 11ave been
recovered. An esnml)le was necessary, and they s e r e serltenced ;iccord-
ingly. The I , l e e ~s ( ~ esamined the prisoners tliemselves ; tItc!y siricl t hat
wlien they s;rw tlre Local I-Iorse, tlri~t ti~ty beclconecl to t l ~el n to coine
nnrl t;rlce the cirn~cls, wlricl~ they hi ~d reco\fered froin robbers, ;rnd
that tlre Ilerrfk oj . Ihe cnnlels cueve t n~ned toc~.n~~l,s nui* cnmp, :IS if ret urn-
i ng! ! ! 'I'he Jf i vsn mnde orre of the witnesses for tlie l)roscculio~z stnto
in Iris evidence, tllnt tlle 11ends of the cnrnels were turned tomirrds tllem
(the Local I-Iorse).
As I was tlre D. .J. A. G'. wlio tried these Afghtcns, Sir J. ICennc,
ortlered me to tlrnw lip a report ils to the discrepancy between t he
evidcnec before the Co~~rl-~lf(lvtic~l, nlrd that taken before tlie ;7feclnu.
I sent for tho tvitness iibo\,e irlludetl to, \vlro denied that Ire etrer
stated tllnt " wlren tlie Loc;il lIorse calne up, the cirn~els' I~eirds wero
turned towirrcls them." 'I'l~e Envoy i~nd i\Iil~ister (now Sir 117. TI. Jfuc-
naglilsn), declilrcd lllirt the eviclenee recorded on the pr occedi ~~gs of
the Ct.-RIiirliirl, ~varranlccl the conuictio~~.
'I'hesc robbcrs, cirlled tlreinselves tlic ' I c~~l t i r at or s of the soil," but
the people nll round Ciulilal~i~r, \\.ere incited by tlre GhiYie chiefs t o
plunder and rob us in camp, snd out of cirinp,. The lutter lurkotl about.
by t he Mcevra. Hat1 t he lting wislied to save tlic lives of
these men, he mi ght have aslted Si r J. I<eu?ze t o pardoh
them. For though SlmA Slioojali was tlie sovereign of t he
country, still there were no Courts of Justice ; tlie country
was in all u~lsettletl state. I I i s ir~ithority was not firmly
esti~blished. I-Ie was placed on liis tlirolie by n B7.ilisls
army, and we lind a perfcct right to punish offenders, by
whom the safety of thnt army ~ni gl l t bc entlnngeretl, if s ~l c h
offences were u~~l ) uui sl ~et l . The Dulre of PVellingion would
not uodcr sllcll circunistirnces, have mi ~de ovcr robbers t o
the Spawish or t o t he ~o r i u~z r e s e Goverll~nellt.
Citpt. P~o l e , 37t h Bengal N. I. arrivccl to-clay wit11 trea-
sure, atid ; rl l escort consisling of 102 Eilropenlls bel o~~gi t i g
to I-I. M.'s Itcgts., 3 Cos. 37t h N. I., atltl 2nd Rcgt.
S?~n?a Sl~oojah's Cavy. T?t.ermlr. 3 1.. BI. 106".
&?A .724rie. Tllermtr. 4 A. BL. 5Lio.-'Yo cnnble tlie D. C.
G. to collect :I supply of grai11 for t he horses nrhen 011 t he
P
march, obliged t o l i n~i t t l ~ e daily issue to nioulltcd corps,
from to-morrow, t o three seers of barlcy per liorsc. Tliermlr.
3 P. M. 10GO.
9 t h June. Thermtr. 4 a. nz. @a0.-Order for the .pay of
the troops before t he march. (50)
Kighty camcls ciirried off by the villagers. The escape
of tl:e four A&?aans from their sentence, has induced these
people, '' vzol having tlae fear of Denlh 6flore tlieir eyes," t o
talie to their old trade of thieving, kc.
T h e calllels ordered t o be ill fro111 the gm7iug ground,
by the 12t h instant, to enable tlle D. C. G. to distribute
t l ~el n to brigades. T?iermlr. 3 1.. nr. 106".
A
in strong pnrties nt some distence from our cnnips to protect t l ~ c rob-
Rers, nncl to be ready to carry off the cnmels illto the I~illr;; nnll then
botlr would sh:~re tlie booty. No\\,, under these circumst:inces, :r se\rcre
example was required to be mnde; and it wi ~s it pity the example ~ V ~ I S
lost.
(50)
Stntements sent in to know lioa nlucli sprcie \ vo~~l d be re-
quired, for sonle part of the pay was absorbed by D~.nj?s oil Itldira, and
moliey I VRS, now, a sc;arce nrticle.
a 2
116
Order of R!arclr t o Cabool.
8.
Order of nt a r c hf ~o na Candaha?; (10th June 18391.-
T h e mt r . 4 A. M. 7 4 O .
" The 4th CO. 2nd BI ~. Be ny a l Arty.
added to the garrison of Conda7tn~; till F. 0. ; remaining
troops to march in tlie followirlg order :-"
1st c obmn, "on the 15th (51) under the personal coin-
of I-I. I%. the Comr.-in-Chief."
2nd T. 2 B. Bengal 14. A. ; 1 T. Bombay H. A. ; tlie
Cavy. Divivioil (Bengal and Boinbay) ; the Camel battery ;
the Engineer Dept.; 1st Brigade Bellgal Infy.; 4th (Ben-
gal) Local Horse ; Comsst. Rel d Dep8t."
cc H . M. h"j'nR Shooj aA signified his intention to march
on the 16th instant. (52) 1 T. Bonibay I-I. A. t o iiiarch
with H. M."
cC The 2nd colzrntn (53) under Brigr. R o b e ~ t s to qui t
Candahar on the day subsequent to that on which H. M.
the Sliah niay move; co~isisti~lg of-The Bengol Park of
Artillery ; the 4111 Brigade Bengal Infy ; a Ressalah and a
half of Local Horse, and the field hospital."
cc The 3rd colut~tn, on the succeeding day, cansisting of
the ren~aindei. of the troops (54) and cstnblishments of
the " A ~ m y o f t he Indzrs," under Maj. Genl. 1.17illshi~e."
" The Genl. Staff of the Bengnl army, to march with tlie
1st column. That of the Bombay arnly, with tlie 3rd
colunln. (55) Column right in front, (order of march.)"
1.-Cavy. leading
4.-No. 6, Lt. Fd. battery (camel . )
2.-Horse Arty.
5.-1 st Brigade Infy. (to which
3.-Engineer Dept.
1 Regt. 4th Brigade added.)
6.-4th Loc;il Morse.
" Camp colormen of the rnourlted corps, and Qr. Mrs. of
(81) Di d not move till the 27th June, 1839; wniting for the
arrival of the Lohunee grain-lnerchnnts.
(52) Moved on the 28th June.
(53) G. O.24th June, 1839.
(54,) 1st Brigade Bombi~y Infy., n battery, and the Poonnl~ Loco1
Horse.
(55) i\.lnj. Genl. \Villshirels column, chcu~ged from the 2nd t o
the 3rd column.
Gua~d, Picquets-Camp ducties. 117
corps foi-med on the reveyse flank of leading squadron,
ready t o nlove with the D. Q. M. G." (56)
Re a r G?~ard. --<<A rear-guard of one troop Light Cavy.
and one Coy. N. I. t o remain on tlle grourld till t he bag-
gage be loaded and in motion ; and to afford protection to
t he camp.''
Baggage.-" To protect tlie baggage on t he march, the
Maj. Genl. Con~g. the Cavy. t o leave N. C. O.'s parties
of Cavy. alterliately on tlie right and left of t he roiid, at
intervals of one nlile from each other, (57) and to prevent
straggling?'
" A Ressalall of Local Horse at the disposal of the bag-
gage Master, t o prevent baggage or followers preceding the
column, or liioving on its flanks."
'' Baggage of II. E. and Staff at Il d. Qrs., to follow the
colunln, under tlie Provost Marshal, of corps, (uuder an
ofi cer from each) as corps stand in column."
a Comsst. camels, under the Sergts. at tlie clisposal of the
officers of that departnient, t o follow tlie baggage of Regts."
Treasure.-" The Treasure between two Regts. of the
Infy. brigade, covered by flanking parties of Infy."
Ma i n Picqaet. (58)-" On the arrival at the new ground,
a main-picquet of two guns, (59) a squadron of Cavy., and
two Cos. of Infy., under a field officer, to be posted as the
Brigr. of the day directs ; fi.om this picquet, a subaltern's
part y of Cavy. to be detached, at sun-set, four miles in
advance, on tlie main-road ; to fall back on t he main-picquet
iffelt by the enemy. With this party, no syces or grass-cut-
t ers niust be sent, tlie liorses to reliiain bridled op.', (60)
(66)
Tindals and clnssies to remain in the rear.
(57) They were posted on liillocks, or rising ground, to command
z view of the country and baggage, kc. These to join tho rear-guard ;
on i ts passing by them.
(58) Formed the advance gunrd; see G. 0. 19th April, 1839. Tllc
Brigr. of the day nccompanied it.
(69) H. A. guns.
(60)
"On hnlting-days the picquets to come on duty nt sr~n-rise,
when the advance party will be withdrawn.
Tcnls of tile ,)lair1
picquet t o be struck at 6 o'clock every evening. 1'Be 13rigr. of the
fi P;lrtics fro111 l hc 11i:liti-picq~iel will up Lo t ho
;It]vrncc. at ilitcrvals, tlirougllout tlic niglit."
fil-lllilly picqtce~~.-rC All in-lying picqaet of oiie t r oop o r
c o l ~ ~ ) ~ ~ , from encli Regt . to be told off for dut y, reads7 to
I,loye out in support, when ~i \ l l e d for."
Corllon at grazing ~ T OU? Z ~ . - " Th e 1\4irj. Genl . Comg. t l i e
C;iry., mill form ns so011 ;Ls possible aftcr tlie srrivill of t he
troops, a Corrhn nrou~l d t he spot selected as grazi ng g r o u i ~ d
for t he cilttlc, Llie troopers to drive back, wi t h bl o~vs, (61)
;~ll)r sulvIr:ln ; ~t t c l nl ~t i t ~g to p~l sl l ci ~mel s beyolid t l ~ e line." (62)
fi OJliccrs Corn;.. 12c.gt.s. and Det t s. t o setid part i es of tlieir
own Ineri wit11 their cattle, proinptly to oppose t he nt t eui pt s
of robbers (63) to npproacll tlle gl . i ~zi r~g gro1111d. C; l l ~)el s
t o be bronglit it1 before sun-set; tilose of brigades to be care-
frilly parked near tlic bazars :111tl witliili t he rear-guards. Of
tlie ficltl DepSt, in rear of t he Local I-Iorse."
Bisn2ou11lerl cavalry.--" The di s~i l ou~i t et l nien of tlie
Cavy. (64) must talre tlie tluties of tlic Cavy. brigade, o n
wllnt, ~i nde r otlier circnmstances, hf g. ~~ro111cl 11nve bceil
cniployctl. (65) T1~u.ttztr. 3 r. ar. 100n.'J
$1.
l'a?.Iy and Mission t o IIeral, ( I 1 tli June, 1839.)-
Thermtr. 4 A. >I. 56". The details (66) of officcrs nud Illell t o
dny to be f~~rnisl~etl wit11 n slcelch of t l ~egro~~nt l , by I). Q. hI. G. , nnd to
mnlie nrrnngcn~cl~ts to protect the cnlny t111~ougl1 tlie ~ ~ j g l ~ t , by ortler-
ing n connecting cl~nin of sentries from Qr. n11tl Reitr, guards of corps.
Ofliccrs Cun~g. Ijegts. to conlply with reqc~isitions from the Drigu.
of tlle dny, for flanlc picqllets, or additiollill nlen for dntl'."
( 61)
'J'l~iu is the only 1)Iit11 to :~dopt. I-l;liI it been atloptot1 sooncJ9,
we s110111d not I~n\.e lost so lnnny cnmels at Citndrth:ur, and elseml~crc ;
w e I~arl not Ibefore n ])roper Corclon formed.
( 69) l ' l ~e U. Qr. Mr. Genl. selected the grnzinggroi~nd.
(c' J' l~e Comr.-in-Chief witrlls officers of the necessity of sending cnmcis
to grnze, nt the same time nnil plrlcu, to nlricl~ the public onrnels move
out, to tirlie a11vnnt:tge of the gnl~rd speci;tlly nssigned for their
1)rotection ; nnd ill the event of their r~cglecti~lg to do so, they need
expect no nid from I-I. E. in replacing cattle carried OK."
(63)
\Ve were nlru~~t to enter the Gltiljic co~~ntrg.
(64) Not hiwing been nblc to con~plete tho conlplenlcnt of I~orsec.
(66) "During the se1):rrirtion of the c ol ~~ni ~~s , it licssal1111 of Luci~!
Horse t o be rttnclled to the 4th Briq~de."
(66) Publislied it) G. 0, 2Gtli May, 1830.
Giris7~k Det t . rettlrns-Mission l o ITerat.
119
be in rcadiiiess t o mnrcll ton,nrils J f i ~ a t , under CnpL. Sanders,
Bcngal Engineers ; except Cnpt. J. AhBott (Ueiigd Arty.)
appointed in tlie Pol. Dcpt., Assist. to Major Todd (tlie En-
voy) tlic oiiicers mere-
Ci l l ~t . E. S;uidcrs, Bengnl Engr. Lt. C. I?. North, Bo~ilbay
33s. Cnpt. J. ~l b b o t t , do. ArLjr. Engi ~~e e r s .
Lt . R. C. Slialtespear, do. do. Dr. 1Xitchie (Asst. Surg.)
Dr. J. S. Login (Asst. Snrg.) Bombay ;
(lo. Est t .
One Enropean S ~ r g t . and 25 Sappers (Natives) ; one Naick
a n d thrce Golulldaz, ( B e i ~ ~ x l Art~r. ) (67)
Girishk Delacl~?neszl.-The Girishlc clctaclimcnt under the
coninituid of Brigr. Sale, r et un~e<l to C;uid;tl~ar itbout t he
elid of Aili~y, 1839. Tlle Sirtlars had quittcd the plncc n
day or two i ~ft cr our troops mitrched. Tlie Brigttdier hi d
some dificultjr in cr ossi ~i g t he troops on rafts made of Rum
keys. (68) I t mas, a t oile time, conteli1platetl to smiin over tlie
Cavy. horses, but i t i s said t hat there would linve bee11 grcnt
risk, as tlie wivstcr was deep, and t he stream ruslied with s ucl ~
violt.itce, t hat solne few who tried it ri di ~i g bare-backed,
were carried more t han it illile down the river. The Shn7~'s
govcni or being ~ l a c e i l in possession, H. M.'s troops weilt
illto the fort, (69) and one B;tttitlion of H. X' s Infy. ;und 300
i'rregnlnr horse were left ;tt Girishk wlle~l nre n~: ~rched from
Candaliar. T l ~ e ~ v ~ h - . S. P. >I. 102".
12t h June.-'l'ltermtr. 4 A. ar. 52". The Gl~iljies being in
our ~~ci ghbour l i ood ill solue force our picqaets mcre in-
creasccl. Tlic mail ngnin cut OR in t hc l'isl~een valley.
Tl r e r n ~t ~. 3 P. M. 100".
(67)
I.n.0 1)i~it's of Itl~nj:rwnl~s for the sick, n suitnble p~+opo~-tion OF
cnml~-eqnil~age, sm;rll selecton of sapping, tlaining, and B1:1sti11g tools,
irnrl one cn~:!el land of spnre f ~ ~ x i l n11111111. nccon~pnr ~i ed the Dett.
(68)
llnfts of this ltintl nre so fnr out of the water ;rnd so light,
that greitt cnrc must be tirlcen i n troops getting on tltent ; tiley itre
1i:rLle t o 1il)set.
( i ) 'l'l~e people di d not like ollr troops going into t l ~c plitce, wltich
wits gnrrisonetl by tho Icing's people; the troops were cncitiol~etl uut-.
si de the 101%
1 20
Ghiljie cliieJs-P?*e]~arnt.ions for naarclt.
13t h June.-Tl~cnntr. 4 A. sr.620. Pay to beissued to the
troops for May. (70)
Cnpt. iVlcGreyo~, tlie Mily. Secy. to tlre Envoy and Mi-
,lister, gave notice of 30 recovered ca~nels having beell
brought into the city, and ill1 were allowed an ol>portunity of
I
seeing then), to try iuid reco~ni se tlieir own. (71) Thar~ntr.
3 P. M. 104'.
141h June.-Thermtr. 4 A. nr. &lo. Tlie march of the
troops postponecl. The Lohanee grain convoy not yet arrived.
The liillg about this time sent 10,000 Rs. (%1,000) to tile
Ghiljie chiefs, in the hope of inducing the111 to j oi ~i him.
He, also, sent a IToran wit11 n xnessciiger to t he~n, which is
a custoln among thc Afglians ; ai d had they s\rroru allegi-
alice to the Sliiih, ii~id retained tlie book, it ~vould have been
heltl to be a perfect assent to join tlie royal cause; but,
they ltept the cash, and ~et wned the Mahomednn sacred
voluaie, which was n certain sign that they would not sup-
port him. The kings of Afyhanistath req~~irilig the services
,T
of ally clan, have usoally sent nioney, ;is it is termed, for
''shoeing the horses ;" in other words, to e11;ible tlieni t o
prepare for ii march ; such people often ~ i o t liaving t he
means. SO tlliit we were to co~iaitler them as our enemies.
Tltenntr, 3 P. sf. lop,
I
10. Preyarations f o ~ the nlarcli-Reports, 4c. (15th
June, 1839.)-l'hernltr. 4 A. ~ . 6 0 " . Tlie Illfantry ordered t o
I
coillplete their a~nlnunition in pouch to 30 rounds per man,
and a proportion to be talien out of the Regtl. reserve ammu-
rlitio~i boses, and pii~ced ill tlie empty trcasnl.e boxes ; these
being ligllt loiids for caii~els, they could eiuily lreep up nilh
tlie troops.
r .
(70) Beginning with the troops t o be left at Cnndilhar, then wi th
those of the 2nd column, wl ~i l e, as the Pi ~y Mr. was wit11 the 1st
column, 11e colilrl pity tl~ose beloliging to it, on tlie march, if we
mnrched before nll were paid.
(71) 1\11 tlie prudent people innrkod their camels; but the Afghans
ohen contrived to deface the mnrk, (perlinps sided by some of our
ciimel-drivers.)
'
Thirty-nine horses of 13. M.' s 16th Lancers reported, by a
committee, unfit for the service.
The: accon~l t s fro111 Cultool stated that, o wi ~ ~ g to our delay
at Candi~liar, Dost Mo?io~)zed did not believe that we should
attaclr hi111 this yeiir, a n d that co~iceivi~ig we sllould direct
our vielrrs to IZwat, lie liad posted a portion of his army at
Jellalabnd, (72) (betwee11 l'esl1;rlver ;r~id Cabool.) I-Iearing
however, since, of our intention t o advance, he was in the
great est alarm ; 111-essing people t o Iirbour on the defences of
GAuz~fiee. (73)
The reports from Herat, describe the Persin~ls to have
abandoned all intention of c nl ni ~~g a9rinst that place again.
(74)
Thcrnztv. 3 P. ni. 10UO.
1 Gl 7 ~ Ju7ze.-l'l~ermtr. 4 11. ar. 52". A Post-office notice
publishecl of t he dit~vk fi.0111 Cand~rllnr Iiaving been robbed
on its way froin Quilln Abdoolall I<lian ; but of what date,
unlinown. (75) Olar post was so uncertain, that duplicates
and eve11 trip1ical;es mere obliged t o be sent of letters of con-
sequence, a~l t l we often got letters of two or threc months
dat e with our regular nmnils ; as they mere picltcd up on the
r oad tlie runners having been ltilled, or robbed, the pacltnges
(72)
AInhomed Altbnr wns there. His force \virs stated by his
br ot her By d o - (Govr. of Gl ~uznee) to 111tve been 2,600 men,
1,000 horse, 1,000 El j nrees nilil ilia), nncl 500 foot, 2nd 11b guns.
I (73)
' l ' l ~i s we : ~ft crwards found to be the cilse; ilnd t hat he hnd
comn~enced f r e s l ~ worlcs i ~ t t l ~ o Bukt Hlssal* at Cilbonl,
He llad d i s
gust ed t he i nl ~i t bi t i ~nt s by destroying the or cl ~i ~r ds and vineyards,
t o clear t he npproncl ~es t o GIh?tznee ; he distrusted all itbout Ili~n,
and not l ong since 11nd :~ssembled ;1l1 his chiefs, and followers, enden-
vouri ng t o exact sri oi rt l ~ of nllegi;rnce. Me 11ad cleputed one of his
sons (iMaltonicd r v ~ u l K/~ala) t o l~rg-e t he Ghiljic tribes to oppose our
pessilge. (See Outr:trn, p. 81.) I-lad Dost Alnho~nod n ~i ~r c l ~e d to G~I UZ-
nee, t her e i s no cl o~l bt thitt the Gl~iljies woulcl 11irve joir~ed 11i1n there.
(7.1') ' l ' l ~ere w;ls R rumour tllat linnl1,nn, (or his nli~listol.) had
clemirnded C; ~ndi r l ~; ~r n r ~d Ci~booI, in ri ght of his f i ~ t l ~ e ~ . ]lasing been
t11e el der br ot l ~er of 511i11~ Sl~oojnh; t l ~i s 1111ist have I~ocn ir I ~I I SS~~LI I
movement t o ende; ~vour t o prevent Ki ~ n ~ r a n entering illto ollr views.
> (7;) 'I'he l'ost t o I ndi t ~ wils sent from Ca~ldi~hilr viii Quetta,
between w11iah ;rncl t l ~ c 1Cojuk Puss (Qui1l:r ~Ibdool i ~h l(11it11 lies,) and
tlro Bolnn Pass t o Shil;itrpoor.
n
br.ills ope~~ctl illld tllc Irttcrs scntteretl :tbout, and rcoovered
ilccitle~~t, tlic cnvelol>cs ofl ci ~ destroyed ; no dotibt cspcct -
il, g to li~itl iiio~iey or \ ~; \ l ~i \ l ) l e ~ concenled inside.
I\ report mils siiitl to liave been brought to-day fro111 Cdool ,
tll;~t llost i\il;tho~ned 11atl sigl~itied his ii~teritioli of ;teceptilig
r
I~ensinn, id it resideiice i11 I-Ii~idoutan.
A great iiiiillbei* of ci~iiieIs beloiigii~g to the 3r d Bengal
Ci~vy. were stole~r last niglit, a surwan Irilled, ant1 ;L t roopcr
ciit c!o\vn. TTnrious lacports have superseded lliose of t h e
worning. lilmnjeet Siljg's death (76) reported, and a war i n
tlie P~cnjaB ti~lketl of, no doubt under the belief t hat thc Si kh
territories noultl become il scene of co~i t ei ~t i o~i on t he Mul~u-
~uj ul t ' s death. Thc neirspnpers also declnred war will1
ATipul, niiil wit11 Burmal~, to bc inevitable. These rulnours
wcrc calcu1:ited t o givc soltle degree of confidence t o t h e
es pi r i ~~g l~opes of Bost Miili~ll~etl.
Wiint of cash fclt i ~ t this period. Tlie Comsst. were
obligetl to iilnke l~urchnses on c ~ c d i t , aiid a t one tiinc to sus-
r
p o d tliem. Upi ~r a~l s of 30 lakhs of Rs. (S300,OOO) had bceil
tlisbursetl ill tlie city of Ca~~dal i ar ; but every ; ~t t empt t o
l ~ e g ~ ~ i i ~ t c :I loa~i fililetl. (77) Tl ~e r nat ~. . 3 1.. ar. IOU".
(76) EIe died on t l ~e 27th J l ~no, 1839, and was, nt t hi s time,
I
dnngerorlsly ill.
amly mns ernplo~etl ;it Pcsliaww, a t this moment ;
11artly to :lid ill the oxl~etlitior~ ; ;rot1 partly as ;in army of observation.
I
I-Iis illness, at this critierl moment, i ~nd 11is subsequelit dcntll, rveru
events to 11c 1nuc11 rogrettetl ; for 11:rd 11is successor witl~drrrwn his troops
froin I'csh;~wcr; our force in that qui ~rt er woulrl 11ave been mucll
red~icecl, nnd wonld Imve ~nnde Dost ilI(diomed less fearfill of iul
nrlrarice frorn t11i1t frol~ticr.
(77) O~rtrcir)t, y SLL. Money to n certain extent was obtoincd at n
discu~lnt of six por cent. ; b l ~ t as 10 Lilltl~s Rs. which left Slliki~rpoor 0 t h C
23rd 1\111y, wero daily espected, recourse wns not had to t he above
ulei~silre to nrly great extent, nnd t l ~ i ~ t in the Shnlr'~ force o111y. But
tilt we completed our purcl~ases we co~lld not moire. The people of
Ci~lldiilliir did not like bills on Indin. Mucl~ money wtla nli~de irnd sirvecl
by llatires nnd otl~crs, ilntl piid to native s/rrc!fi (bro1e1-s) who gnve
orders 011 Illdiu; nnd tlius remittances were effected throagh ni ~t i i f o
nkVllC)'. 111 sue11 cases, the Govt. n111st hold out equal or sl~periou
inducements : 11nt1 at stnrting s~lould st;rte, tliirt for nil monies pirid i nt o
the blily. clrest, bills would bu granted at certikin rates, n~id t l ~ u s
l'revbllt tl\e money getting into t l ~e hulas of nlitivc ageuts.
%hipies bent on Itostililies. -1 23
1 1. Executions-the Glriljies collecti~ig~ (17th Jiinc, 1839.)
-Tlienntr. 4 A. >I. 54". To-day, at 12 o'clock, the king
caused orre criniiiial to be blown away froill a gun, and tllrce
otllers were deprivcd of life in another way, and thcir bodies
were esposed in the niarket pl;~cc. Tlie Afgl~nn iiiode of
exccotion is usually by I)lowing away fi'o111 a gun. More
calnels carried of. Tltc~mh.. 3 r. ar. 10P.
1Stlt J~6ne.--Thenntr. 4 A. w. 60". Capt. J. P. Ripley,.
1st Eurn. Regt., nppointerl Ft. Acljt. and Post Milster, at
Candirlinr.
The Envoy alld Minister inforrned the Comr.-in-Cliief
that the Ghiljies were bent on hostilities, irnd had asseinbletl
ni t h i~ design to attack our ndvanccd Cilvy. pi que t ; (75) or
of c~~t t i l i g off the Lohnnee convoy advancing from the rear.
In consequence, a detachnlent cor~sistir~g of the 3rd
Bengnl Cavy. a ~ ~ d 48th Be11g:ll N. I. with two guris, the
r
whole under Lt.-Col. PVlieele~, mnrclietl this mol.~iing to
meet tlie Loltanee merchants, as it mas rcported that a botly
of 1,500 GlGljies had thrown the~nselves between thenr and
tlie city of Ci ~~i dal i ar ; (70) it was IligIiIy importa~-rt to pre-
vent tlie convoy being captured by the Ghiljies. Thcriutr.
3 r. M. 106".
19th June.-'l'hermtr. 4 A. nr. 70". At 2 P. M. an :~ttncL
wirs inade on tlle canlels at graze. The guard, two N. C.
0. and eight sepoys (16th Bcngnl N. I.) were attacked by
20 horsemen i n front, and some foot soldiers in tlie rear.
The sepoys fired on the horsemen and IciIletl three inell a~l t l
two horses. 01ic inlisltet niissed fire, arid the poor sepoy
was sabred itcross the forelrcncl ; he, llowever, priined again
r
(80) and shot his lililn ; a second volley brought do\\rn several,
(78)
A troop of the 1st Rombey C:~vy. under C8pt. S. Poolc, was
posted 14, or 15 miles off or1 the CuOool road. The picqaet was ordered
to fir11 back, if menaced.
(79)
It was r~~rnoured that Dost h4:~liomed's son (Mahorned Ufzr~l
Il l ~an) had advanced with 1,000 Infy., 600 Cirvy., and hjur guns
townrds ollr i~clvnnce post on the Calrool road.
(80)
A Surwnn g:rve him n cartritlge l'roln buliind,
IL 2
aIId tllc Ghiljies fiet], lenvillg five Inell a n d t\vo 110l ' ~es ( l end
Ll l c goulltl ; iultl not 07le cnnlel wi ~s carri cd off.
G. c),
I)i ql l d "of Illfy. IVW tlirectetl t o be post ed ill f r o n t
of tllu I-igllt of tile lilic.
' I' l~e Rrigr. of h e tl;ry urns cl i rect ecl
t o
:, secollll picqnet, of :r Coy. of Infy. and a Re s s a l i l h of
~~~~l Il orsc, or1 the e dr e j ne qsiyht of t he Belzgal l i ne, (81)
lFitll illStrllctiollS to p;\trol down lo t he maill-picquet 011 i t s
IcJ. (82)
ai l sirrndit?g order tliut nn in-lying picquet of a t r o o p , or
col~~pan!-, cacl ~ l i cgt , sliall ~nount tlnilg ; a n d r e ~n a i n 011 d u t y
t l ~ ~ o o g l ~ tllc 24 l ~ours, rcrrily t o t n r l ~ out when cal l ed f o r . A
ficltl oficer furliisl~ed, daily, fi.0111 each brigade, is to col n-
Illand i t s picquets, and t o asseliible them, under arms, nt s~i l -
bet , every evening, and ngnin in tlie conrse of tlie ni ght . "
"11 ninit~ and jljlu?~kpicquet of tlle ~i sunl st r engt h (83) mi l l
i i ~r l ul ~t a t sun-set, i111tl be witl~drrimn, at snn-rise." Theo.nzt?-,
:3 P. ll. 10P.
12.
Cumels carried qf. (20tl1 June, 1839)-T?ie?.mtr. 4
n. 31. (j(P. TO-d;iy iibcttit 150 ciiniels bel ongi ng t o one of
IT. >Is's Xegts. were carried off, while gr azi ns close to
~' ~1111 ; OIIC of live 1111iir111ed Europeans i n cl l i ~r ge ki l l ed, and
rest sevcrcly alouiidcd. ($4) A guard of a Sergt. a114
t i ght 111cl1 \lrils sent ant ils n 1)rotection to t he ccrmels, but 1;hey
~' c l l t illto i~ vil1;rgc to cscirpe froiii the heat of t he s u n ; (55)
iilltl Iillew notlling of t l i e camels beillg carriecl off till t oo
I ; ~t c * Tllc f i ~ c tu~;rrmetl liieii wellt dowll to t he r i vul et to
( ~ 1 ) 'l'his was t l ~e direction in nl i i cl ~ tlie Gl ~i l j i es would come, in
moving down frorn tlic C~tbnol road, t o attack tho convoy.
(82) Dot11 to be witl~dmwn at sun-rise.
( ~ 9 ) Jl ni r ~ picqrict one srllladron of Cavy., t\vo Cou. Infy.
n h n k
piqri~t one Cup. Infy. ;lilt1 one 1tess;tlnh of Locnl I-loruo. (G. 0. 2 1 ~ t
. l t ~ne, lS38.)
'' 'l'lte dut y of flri,qrlndc J r j o ~ . f o r tlie day diecontinueil, and eilch DI. U.
must 1):1r:tdc 111e (Ietllils tbr duty iri hia own lines, llnd ~niilce t h e m
over ~ I J the senior oEcer of hi s 13rigade,going 011 gicquet.': The M. 13.
bad nllll1]. other dotics to perfurrn, i ~n d cul~ld nell be sptlre(1 .fro111
remaining on tha ground.
(sL) C'nc die11 that night, al~d nnotller t l ~e rlest day.
(53) 'fllemnltr. lo09 to-day I I ~ 10 A. ar, and 1030 at 3
wat er thc camels ; n gang of monnted A$ylra~r robbers,
r us hed fro111 concealment, and drove oft' t he camels. The
Eur opeans behaved as \\?ell as illell coillcl do, \rilliout arms,
i n clefentling t he caliiels. The Brigr, of tlie tlny melit out
inlmcdiately, with t he picquets, but tlic camels nrerc off to
t h e hills, ;uid coul d not be traccd. (86)
21s t June.-Therlntr. 4 A. sr. (;So. Bliothel- ;ittelnpt at
ciinlel stealing, tliree of the thieves tabell. EIcnrd to-day
t hat t he det achment had not bccn ;hie to fall in nlitli tlle
Lol i a~i ee grai n convoy, and Ilic Glbiljies being reported to
have moved t o iritercept tlie convo~l, this eveniog tllc 35t l ~
Bengnl N. I. (Lt.-Col. nfo~ateatf~), \\!it11 a stlii;~droii of Cavy.
aild two gulls, lnnrched to DeAi-now, where they \.rrcrC
reported t o bc, or 14 tiiiles N. of Beli N($ee, thus tnkiltg it
clifferent rolite froill Lt.-Col. CYllee2e~'s Dett., n~llicli mellt
t owards Qhilla Pi~tloo7ala. To-day died Dr. Hamilton, 11.
M.>S 17t11 foot.
Thi s nl orni ns Maj or Todcl, the Envoy t o Herat on n
fri endl y mission, ills~rclicd with liis small party fronl Cnnda-
har, under a sal ut e of 11 guns. Shah I{um~un had nrritterl
t o offer t o send his soil t o Cmdi ~har, but Nu200 IL'lran, Top-
chec Bashee, or Conidt. of ICam~an's Artillery, who cilllle ill
a f ew days ago wi t h a party, returnetl with tlie Major as liis
Mehnzandu~. Thi s proceeding proved A"T~afi I i a ~t z ~a n arid liis
vizier, 17ar Malionaed IClian, t o bc favorable t o tlie Britisll
Government. Two lalihs of rlipees (20,000) were sent with
t h e mission, t o be enlployed i n ilnproving tlle fortificatiolis
of tlle place. (87)
Tf ~e~. nat ~. 3 P. hr . 108".
(86)
Oning to t l ~ e want of camel-drivers, the Europear~s~\~ere oblig-
ed to go out with tlie cattle, and tllis \rras usllally done wit11 t l ~enegt s.
of tile Bombay force ; but, then, t l ~ey took their arms with them.
Sel~oys were sent out from the; BengaI Nirtive Regts., the men being
armed. I do not tl~inlc a soldier sllould ever be employed while on
service or in ;r foreign country, \\.itl~out talring his 'nrnis wit11 him t o
defend himself, as \\,ell as his charge. Indeed, I tl~ink the Sr~r\ \ *an~
sl~ollld llnve been nrn~ecl, as well as 811 tile servants, 21s they sol1111
ofterl hirve bcen n protection to the cattle ancl baggge, against
robbers.
(87') About this time, IZ(,jce Dost i l f u l i o ~~~e d of Gurmseer, with
1'26 Lohaflee Convog comes in.
2211(1 ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ . - T l ~ e r m l r . 4 A. nr. 68". News of he Lohanee
collrpoy being snfc, rcnclicd ns to-di~y. Anot her ski nni sh for
call,cls; one l ~ r i ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ' b1'011ght ill. Thermt t -. 3 1 . . >I. 108".
13rr[ Jtrtle.-'l'l~ernltr. 4 A. M. 70". Th e Loltanee convoy
of gririll cnllle in, all safe, t hi s n ~ o r n i ~ ~ g , (88) llaving been
threntclle(l by large bodies of Ghiljie horse, ~ ~ i g h t n ~ ~ d d:ry,
for tile lilst l l ~eek ; divisiol~ of c ou~~s e l s esi st ed ; one par t y
llrO1~osed to tnnrch for Cnboo1;~ud t o join Dost .ilfal~orned;
al1(l t l ~ e other t o proceed t o Cund(zAnr and j oi l ~ tllc k i t ~g .
Sonic d;yls before t he pivty under Lt.-Col. W~ e e l e ~ . was s c l ~ t
ant, 100 of t he 4t h Be11gi11 Ilocal IIorse, under Rcssaldtrr
Zkeeitz ILl~an, 11nd 11ee11 s e t ~t o r ~ t to gain i ~i t el l i gence of l l l e
convoy ; al ~t l hi s presellce a ~ l d finnness of chirractel*, t ur ned
t he scale in f'rvor of t he liing ; i~11d t he cl et nch~nent comi ng
\vithia feeling distance, decided those who mere wavering,
t o procecd Lo Cat ~dal ~ar . 11 wonld appear $9) tllnt t he
col ~voy llad bee11 secretly joiued, on this side of Quclta, by
some e~ni ssari es of Dost iMol~n7ncd Icl ~an, who hirtl cl~tleii-
voured t o seduce i t s director, S2lrwa1- Ichan, t he Lohanec
Cl~icf, a11t1 liis followers, to desert onr ciruse, and carry ovcr
t h e co~i vop t o t he ex-ruler. The agents I~ird seduced n nuj n-
ber of t l ~ e follolr7ers ; a ~ ~ d t hey wonld probilbly have gaitletl
over tlie nyllole convoy t o tile enemy, but for t he determinecI
conduct of t he part y of tlre 4t h Local IIorsc under Uzeent
lilran; who declared t h k r determination t o oppose sue$
treacJ~e?-y with their lives; a ~ ~ d n~ni nt ni ~~e d ni gl ~t ant1 (lily so
vigilal~t tl guard (90) t h i ~t t he scirle was tnnled, and one of
t he en~issirries was seized nntl broughl prisoner t o camp.
(91) Owing t o t he casuirlties illllong the privirte ser va~l t s by
1,000 folloners, canle in to Shnli Sl~oojal~. FIe is n nlan of infl~~cnce,
and Itis 11nving colne in, : ~dded strengtl~ tn tlte Sl~nh's c:tose.
BInjor Todd ronched fIcrat on the 25th of .July, 1539.
(SS) Wit11 Lt.-Col. Iliontcrrlh's det:~cl~tnent.
(89) Outram, p, PS.
(90) They tool< possession of R village 1te:ir the convoy.
(01) The convoy cxpcrienced i ~l u c h oppositioil i n the Bokin n11t1
Kojuk Passes from predatory hordes, who plundered :ind wounded
many people belonging to it. The peoplo i~ttilcl~od to tlie oo~lvoy
Al l ei npt s l o i n i ws e p t il.
rl ent hs, o r descr t i nl i s, nnd t he i r n ~ ~ m b e r s b e i n g rednced, f r esh
rct uni s were o r d e r e d t o be sclilt to t h e D. C. G. (92) Ti l e
ki ng to-day s hi f t c d h i s c i l u ~ p pr epnr t l t or y f or the l ~i l i ~cl l .
T/ ~es. ml r . 3 1.. xi . 108".
13. The Lo h a n e e C O ~ ~ V O ~ J , ( 24t h Jim, 1839.)-l11iermtr.
4 A. al. 70". 'rlie Lo l o n e e convo?y h i ~ v i n g ar r i ved wi t h 20,000
ni au~i cl s , (03) I r e e s p e c t c d t o ~l i nr c l i will1 f ul l r u t i o i ~s for tlie
wer e all armed, and Sro.ll)ctr JL'lrnn, the lencler, is n most determined
man. I I e saitl t l ~ a t i f h e \ V; IY rcfi~setl gririrl at any pliice, or was
~)l underct l near rlny village, he i nvi ~r i ~~bl y attacked the ])lace. Hi s
pl:rn was t o unload nnd pack t l ~ c l oi ~ds; tlien, lcavilig it guard, 11e
l~eatletl liis i~rlnetl lieople, ii11d niirde his i~ttrrck, A I I ~ pntting all 11e
ei~ug11t t o t h e smord, Ite then destroyed t he rilli~ge, kc. Cnyt. 0.
says, ((hail t ho chief liiri~self ren~ainell f i ~i t l ~f ul , of 1~11icl1 there is
some rensoli t o doubt." l ' he conduct of Surwnr Ifirta m s of n very
doubt f t ~l cl ~ar : ~ct er , for 11e 11atl entered into n contr:~ct to trans-
port grain t o t he nrmy, and if he, when nloite, cor~ld not control
hi s fullowers, still, t he presence of Umcnr I f i an, ougl ~t to 11:rve
gi ven him confidence, for there were two parties; and 111ld 110
exercised hi s i ~sui rl firmness and, a t once, sidecl wit11 t l ~ e Carrdulrar
pi ~r t y, nnd wit11 i t joined Uscona Kl~un, he would have co~npelled t he
otlrer pnrty t o give i n; nncl t he evidence of U,secnz Iflaan would in
such case, have been conclusive in his f~rvor, for he must linve ltnown
t hat , serving t he B,*ilis?b Covt, fnithfully, trt such n juncture, ~vould
11nve niet wit11 i t s due rewrrrd, in such n way as to have rendereti 11iin
f r ee from any sp~wel ~ensi on f r on~ t he Cubool Palsty.
Sir J. K~nne wns so plensecl wit11 the determined, an11 meritorious,
conduct of Usocnz ICl~un, t l ~at , I~avi ng clulg incluired into the fi~cts of
t l ~ e case, he sent for U,~ccnz KI~n)r, highly prsised his concl~~ct, and
presented l l i ~n wit11 a very liandson~e prrii* of English pistols. Hi s
concluct wi ~s i ~l so favori~bly reportetl to Govt. ; and, here I may observe,
t h a t t he concluct of the .iatlr Local IIorse tllroughout the wliole ciun-
pnign, 01)tr~ined t he rrpl)robation of every ofticer. 0 1 1 every occasion
t hey esl ~i bi t et l tlle greittest gallnntry. They were employed on al l
occasions, on every c111ty of firtigne as escorts, and in guartlinr: con-
voy. They lost 5 10 horses out of 797 between the 16th Dec. lS39, rrnd
31st Dee. 1939, or, wit11i11 36 of t he nuliiber lost 11y tlie rest of t l ~u Cavy.
of t he Bellgal column ! 1 trust Usrena 1Chnn \rill receive the '' Ordw
of B,~itislr Indin," which he so \\re11 merits.
( 0 9 ) And Comg. officers held respol~sible for these returns being
correct.
(93)
1,600,000 lbs., about equal to one moat11's s~~pl i l i cs for tho
army ~rt I~nlf-rirtions.
128 LoAnnec Convoy ~ c f t u c to p~oceed.
wl ~ol c nmly ill1 the may 10 Citbool ; bnt there was nil ol ~j cc-
tion wised 011 the part of t he co~ivoy camel naen t o proceed.
They objectetl, that their wives ant1 fitmilies were c o ~ ~ f i ~ i c d
by Dost illaho~ned, n ~ ~ d mould be sacrificed i f tliey iiccom-
11anietl the ilrmy. (94) This 1vas an ohjectiou stnrtcd by
Surruu~ I a a n , their leilder. (95) They wanted us t o buy
tlieir cumels, and not t o hire them, but if we bought them,
still they ~voul d not accorlipnlny ns: xnd illell C O L I ~ ~ not b e
procurcd as drivers. The purclinse ~vould have cost mor e
money t han could be spnred. (96) We still had liopes of
bringing then1 to ternns. TJiernitr. 3 P. 11. 110".
25111 June.--l'henntr. 4 A. ar. 73". 'l'he first collilnlll in
orders t o nlilrch on the 27th inskull;, in the order detailed
i n G. 0. of t he 10th i11st;ult. Tlie other coluini~s t o move
forward in soccession. OfTicers Coo~g. Brigades not t o
move thcir corps on the road, till the troops t o precede t hem
i n colunln, have passed on. (07)
Conlmissnriul. "To aid the Cornnlissariat, officers Conig.
Regts. t o indent ilnmetlintely on the gotlo~vll in tlie city, for
As lnach attilh (flour) as tlieir bnzars ciui carry, but, t i l l
I?. O., tlie troops to be olily on tire preqent [ J~al f l rations.''
Oficel-s re~uinded t l ~nt the cnmels brought to fIrl. Qrs. by
S u ~ w a r Khan, nnd otlne~. Lol~ilnee mcrcli;~l~ts, ;Ire still i n
Go v e n ~ me ~ ~ t employ ; and they are not to purclinsc any of
them." (98)
(9 1.)
'I'l~eso people livetl near GLtizncc where their fi~milies were.
(95)
Ci ~pt . OlitranL bilyS, p. 8 1.: (' l j p transporting his chr~rge to
the R ~ I I I ~ 11e f~llfilled his contract; I)ut \ v i t l ~o ~~t his nssist:u~ce t h e
itrmy cannot now be equiplbetl \\it11 full rations."
(!If;)
Allo\rir~g 20,000 Aldri. of gri ~i n i ~ t .I ;\Ids. 1o;ld per camel, 5,000
camels nvould be required, \\' l~icl~, even at GO Rs. each \ ~oul d I ~ n v e
cost 3 T>nIihs Its. ( C30,OOO ), i~ntl inoney was scilrce. However, part
mi gl ~t 11nve been purcl~asetl.
(07) There \\,ere so n1:111y gnrdenu :lnd er~closures near camp, t ha t
Imt for this arri~ngerner~t, t11el-e r n ~ ~ s t I~n\, e bee11 grelit conf~lsiun ; ~nd
delay, in t he n~ovcrneilts of the troops.
( 96) l ' l ~e Cornsst. were ill 11ul)es of the c;~nlel-~nen coming into
tlleir terms, but they wollld not hi r e them, rind officers, or ot l ~ers, offer-
i ng to pnrchnse the cnmels, sonl d induce the owners, wl~o wisl~etl t o sell
nut to hire tller~l: hu~rever, as soon ns they p o s i ~ i u u l ~ yefusetl t o hi r e
1
F r o o ~ p left at Can$alrar; ,129
Sapplics on the n~ar ch. - - ( ~ Every enconragment must be
given to t he people of the couiltry through which the troopg
;we about t o march, t o bring in grain ;1ud other supplies,
alrd officers Conig. llegts. will assign soine spot i n the vici:
nity of tlieir sta?tdardj or quarter-guardsj for the people to
sell their goods in. A stcirdy N. C. O., must be present
with them, tIirougliont tile d;yj to see that they are not
maltreated ; bnt, all must be turned out of cwnp by sun-
set." (100) TJie~n22r. 3 P. >I. lloO.
26t h Ju7ie.-'l'lre1.intr. 4 A. nr. 72". "Tlie troops destined
to occupy tlie garris011 of Cundaliat; will lake up llieir posi-
tion this evc~iitig al; sun-set."
l'lic troops, kc. left at Candalbar mere, Cirpt. TimirzgY.y
Bellgal 4t h T. 3r d Brigade (nntivc) 13. A. anrl 4111 Co. 2nd
UII. Beng;~l Arty.; the 37th Itegt, Dengal N. I.; the 4
18-1"'s. :lnd such orrliii~nce stores as the Drigr. ~iiiglit sce fit
,to be left i l l Callrli\l~i~r, ut~der Lt. ~Iazolcins, (101) Bellgal
P- Arty. A troop of the Sl ~aNs artillery. (102) A Battn. of
t he S/L~?L' s Iufy., (103) and Cnpt. Anderson's Rcssullali of
14orse. The whole uncler tbc colamirnd of (late) Lt.-Col, 2:
Herrin,q, C. B. Capt. J. I-'. Riplq, 1st Bengal Euni. Regt.
being tlie Fort Adjt. and Post Master.
"The For t Acljt. to receive from the Medical store-keeper
such stores as we necessary t o be left at CancZaAar, to be
sent, tlie firs1 favorable opportunity, to Quetta."
them t o tilo Comsst., officers were at liberty to buy them. I n all ~ u c b
cases, tho interests of the Govt. must supersede those of private
iudi~~iduaIs.
5,000 of our c:ln~els worlld require 3bo11t 1,000 drivers, but, tho
r
convoys ltavo often a Iess numbcr ; the Aif.gAlin.r usually drive thcm
i n floclts, wi t l ~out ropes attached to tho tails of the carnels ; but tlley
must be tri~incd to it.
(100)
\Trithout this prec:~ution you might llave an enemy ill you].
calnp; but even on m:irches in otrr own provinces in 111di;r, many
I
thefts arc cornmittccl by not llnving recourse to the above measure.
(10 1)
Attachod to the Shilh's force.
(102) Lt . Cooper's. Capt. rinderaon, Conig. bntl~ troops of 11. A. wus
at Ca n d a l ~; ~, on his :~rrival.
(103)
W itl~dr;r\vr~ froni QoillaAbdool;~l~ Hl~nn, a corps having been
raised there.
S
130 Political autltority at Candahar.
((The mllole of tlie Treasure mith tlie arniy to move with
the 1st (Bengal) Infy. Brigade; and the Pay Master to
make over to it all specie iri excess to current disburse-
ments."
Major Leech (104) was left at Candalsav as the Politicrtl
Agent; to act, on the part of 13. M. Shah Sl~oojah-002-
Moolk, under tlie orders of the Envoy and Minister a t his
Court.
About this time an insurrection had been arranged and
had conlmencetl i n I-ohistan, a district which partly supplied
the city of Cabool mith grain ; and endeavours were being
made by us, to cut off tlie co~ilmunication between Cabool
and Jellalabad. The insnrrection in IColiistan (recently
acquired by the Cabool chief) affected hill1 much, as he did
not like to quit his capital under these circumstances, and
indeed tlie city of Cabool rvas in an unsettled state ; while
the force at Pesharver, also, rciideretl it necessary for Doet
Mahomed Khan, to lteep near the seat of danger; and he
hiid failed to quell tlie inslirrection in I<ohistan, ill liis
ncighbourliood. Thermtv. 3 P. 31. 110'.
(10.1,) Bomb~y engineers.
CI-IAPTER VII.
CANDAHAR,
1. CancEaAa~ i n Afghanislan is in Lal . 31' 40 N. ; Long.
65' 30' E. (I) I t is 370 miles from Herat, which lies t o t he
N. W. i n Lnt . 34" 20' N. ; Long. 6a" 10' E., and is 318
iniles from Cah~ol , which lies to the N. E. i n Lat . 340 30'
30" N., Long. G8O 34' E. Candiihnr thus lies to the S. of
and liearly mid-way between I-Iernt and Cubool. Cabool
P -
and Cnndnliar, have from early ailtiqoity been recltoned t he
gates of Hi ndost rul ; one affordi~lg entrance from Tooran,
(2) and t he other from Iran. (3) Betmeen Candahnr and
I-Iernt; lies Girishlt, (4) nearly TV., and distant 75 miles ; and
beyond I-lerat is Ghorian, a place of some strength, 40 miles
on t he road from Her at to Meshid. (5) Between Candirhal-
itnd Cabool lies ICelnt-i-Ghiljie (6) N. E. , distant 89 miles ;
and Ghi i z~l ee N. E. of it, and distant 229 miles fro111 Canda-
har and 89 nliles from Ca~bool, wl~icli lies nenrly N. from it.
Thns its positioil as tlie capital, at one time, of Afghanis-
( I ) According to I-Iamilton's Gazetteer (el-i*oneously) Lnt. 3S0 N.
a11d Long. 65' 34' E.
F; (2) l'oorltistan, 01, l'artary.
(3) Persia.
(4)
It belongs to Cnnilnlli~r; I~nlf-wny between it and tlernt, and
N. \V. off the ro;td, is Furrah, t o ~ h i c h ICohon-dil IChnn of Caildahar
laid siege in July, 1838, but wns driven from i t by I<ar~~ran's troops.
I In Feb. 1839, t he Cnndnharees sent n force there: they were nenrly
stnrved ; and nearly one-half lost by the snow.
( 5 )
It belongs to Herat, nnd cnpitolated to the Shall of Persia,
after a siege of 10 days, on t l ~e 15th Nov. 1937, OII his ~nnrch to FIerst.
(6)
A pliice of some strength in t l ~c time of Baber, and s~lrrendered
tun was good, bri ng cer ~t r al ; pnrticularly when Silldl1 a~i (i
the I 1unj S belonged to it. Nudit. Sllnl~ destroyed t h e old
foletresu of Ci~ndalinr, which stood on t he t op of a h i g h
+ocIiy hill, and fonnded on n contiguous plniil a ci t y n a me d
Nndi~clBnd, which was completed by Ahmetl Sl\ah, Abi l i ~l l i ,
b u t is now onl y li110\7rn by t he naille of CnndiJlar. TWO or
t hr ee miles to the N. W. of Candnh;~; ;we tlle reiliains of
the old fortress oil t he summi t of a roclcy mount ai ~i . (7)
C r 111 1737, Nadi r Sll;rl~, ent ered Aft'gl~iinistnn wi t h a large
amp, a nd t ook Candahnr after a siege, froin first to last, of
I S i ~~ont hs. "
111 1747, Ahmcd Shah, Abdalli, an Affghi ~n chief of t h e
tribe of Abdal, on t he mausitcre of Nadi r Shah, (8) had
acqui red so giqeat ;un ascendnnce ainong t he troops, t hat up011
t hi s event, sererz\l coul manders and their followers joiiied
his st nndard ; and lie drew off townrds his country. He
rcpai red to Cantlnhar, where be arrivcd with a, force n o t
F
( 7)
H:lmiltort, &c. Bc~bcr got possession of thc crrstlu i n 1607, by
the g~ites being openet1 to I r i nl . I4e I~nd only 2,000 Inen, but defentetl
tho enemy i n tho field; the)' l l nt l 11 or 5,000 men. (nrlllur's tncmoirs,
pp. 227-929). I n 165.0, Sl1a11 Jellan sent his eldest son to drive Sh:~h
Abbns 2nd out of it, but tho11g11 Itis :irnly consisted of300,000 inen,
I
yet the plwo wns so aell defencletl, that he lost the best pnrt of liis
nmly 11cfoi.c it. 'Y11c nest yeilr he cent nnoll~ei* :lrrny i~ntler tltc cow-
mnnrl of Sitllrrrr St~jftlr, but he had IIO better success t11rlr1 his brother."
r I
fclrar?lie,; p. 2,;s. I
M I L , vol. 11. 1). 3.74 says, that Abbns 2ncl of l'ersia, " marched to
Cnnd:lha~. 1vit11 n great force, and obtained possession of t.l~e city by
c;ll)itolntior~, bcfore the nIog111 :rrnlp mils nblc to arrive. The strongest
efforts were e~:~tlc for its recovery. A~~ruilgreAe l~esiegetl it two several
r
times; and I J i ~r n, the eldest son of the E~nperor, ollce. I t bnmed t he
ol)cri~tions of botl~."
" AU3Llr)zislun n; ~s Iteld by the posterity of Aurbu~~OseBe (\rfl~o in lG78
s~ibdued an insurrectio~~ of the AKglinns), after which event its subjec-
tion w:ia scnrccly nominnl. About A. D. 1720, the Affgl~nns, ~ l n t l ~ r
I
their nntivo chiefs, cot~cllrerecl Persia; but, in 1737, were espellcd I)y
Nadir. SI&aIb froill t11:at conntry, and their own sr11,jugated. I n 1739,
after the ccapture of Dellri by ATadi). Sl~nlr, Affghauistiun rvns, by treaty,
nnnexed to the Persi:nl Empire." Af~miltol~, &o.
(8) I n hls tent not far from Meshed, on the 8th June, 174.7.
exceeding 2 or 3,000 horse. I-Ie fell ill will1 nnd seized a
convoy of treasure coming from Iildiir to N~ d i r Shah, ~vhicll
had j ust been seized by the Doornnees, mid lie i~ilinediately
claimed i t for himself. This enablcd hi111 lo engage in his
pay it still larger body of his countrymen. Cn ~ i d ~ h i ~ r sub-
mitted to his ariiis ; and Iic mas cron-net1 there in October,
1747. (9)
2. Tozun of Candaha~*.-Thc modern city, comprised
~vitliin an or di ~~a r y Eortificnlio~i of 3 iniles and 1,006 yards,
i n circumference, is an irrcgltli~r oblong-sqnare, surrounded
by a clicch '24 fcet \vide and 10 feet clcep ; but i t was not
i n good rcpnir. The wall is 204 feet tliick at the bottom, and
146 feet thicli at t he top, and 27 feet in Ileight; its wes-
tern face is 1,967, eastern 1,810, southenl 1,345, nntl nor-
thei-11 face 1,164 yartlv long. I t hns si s gntes, but they
were not in goorl ordcr ; that to tlie N. being called the
r- :
? -
Eed-gah gntc ; t hat to the S. cnlled thc Slsikn~poo~ gate.
I
The two gatcs to t he E. cnlled the Be~dournnee and tlie
Cab001 gntes. The two gates to tlle IV., called tlic Tope-
Ichnnn, (10) and He~at gate#. The Shiltarpoor, Cabool,
and Hernt gates, are towards the roads leading t o those
plnces. The length of the city is fi-0111 N. to S. Tlle gnte-
ways are defended by six double bastions, and tlie angles
arc protected by four l i ~ ~ g e circulal* towers. Tlie curtains,
betwceil t he bnstions, have 54 small bastions, distributed
along the faccs. The citadel ;rnd palace, where the ltings
reside, is in llic ce11t1.e of tlie IS, end, near tlic gateway.
The tomb of Ahmcd SAnh, rvlio was buried here, is to tlic
left of tlie palace. Thcre are four principal streets rniining
F
from N. to S. and fro111 E. to W. which inect in tlie centre,
i n which there is a Inrge dome, or circular covercd space,
;rbout 50 yitrtls i n diameter, a, public illarliet plncc snr-
rouiiderl by sliops rvlicre the great inercliinits live; this
i s called t l ~ e cC Cllar-soo." (11)
( 9 )
1Llill'n History of Indin, Vol. IT. 1). 408. Elpliinstone, Appx. A
p. 357.
( l o) Artillery.
(11)
E'oui. ~orc(ls, crossing each other.
1
To tllc N. and close to t hc city nrns, fro111 Mr. to E., n
canal, ~\~liicIi isslies fro111 tlic Urglinud-:~b rivcr.
Tlierc is
:ulotlier canal which runs TV. to E., tlirougli tlle centre of
t he city. Tliere is, also, a caiial running W. to S. E. ; and
: ~t ahout 2 of a mile t o the S. of the city. Therc is ir r oi ~d
wliich runs, near tlie W. side of tlie city to t l ~ c N., to tlie
" Bnho Wullee" Pnss. The road to old Cnndi~hai. runs to
t he W., i n continunr;ioli of the direction of t he S. face of
Candi~har.
Tlie four principal streets are about 40 ynrcls wicle, lined
with shops and houucs, wliicli are all built of sun-burnt
bricks, and are flat-roofed. There are soiile upper-storied
houses. Ther e are smaller and ilarrolver streets which ri m
fro111 tlie principal ones to\vards the city walls, (all crossing
each other at riglit-ariglcs,) between ~vhich and the houses
tliere is a road about 25 jrards wide, all round the city.
Ther e is a rampart all round t he place, b t ~ t t hat round t he
r
gatenrays is separate : to mall, round the malls of tlle city,
?
i t is riecessal+y t o descend froni the gatelvays, and ascend
t o tlle raniparts between eiicll gateway. ?'here was a gun
oil tlic bastioil near tlie Shilcarpoor gate; but tlie rainparts
I
a r e iiot broad, and i t would riot have beer1 safe to fire heavy
I
gulls frorn thein. Tlie guns were kcpt, in the city, near t he
Tog~c Iihana gate.
3. Builditkg8 Rouses, 5c.-The tomb of Sultan Aliined
Shah, Abdalli, (12) tlie founder of the Dooranee monarchy,
(12) Th e hero of the battle of Panniput (1761).
"The Dooravees
of Cnbool, vr,l~o were tile strength of the Army, being nborit 89,000,
were all men of gr eat bodily vigour, and their horses of the l'urkisll
breed, nnd very 1lnl.tly.''
1;
Th e combined Blnliomerlr~n army consisted of 4,?,000 horse, and 3S,OoO
foot, besides cn~nels, and 70 or SO guns. " Wle rcgul ~~rsof the Mnhmttnh
nrmy consisted of 55,000 horse and 15,000 foot, ZOO cnnno~i, a ~ i d camel 1
pieces and rockets without number. Also, 15,000 pir~rli~riev (plun-
clereru), rrr~d camp-followers esti~nated at four times t l ~ e number of
I
t he regl~lrirs." See JT(1tr2illo11, kc.
Th e Cr~ndaRnr ROI . ~ P of the present d;iy, is f i ~r inferior to t hat so well
known i n t ho History of f or ~~i er lndii111 werfare: the l ~orses s e sits
were small nnd indifferent.
Il'lte Population.
i s covered wit11 a gilt cupola, and is licld a sacred asylum ;
t he ki ng himself not daring, it is said, t o take a criminal
from it. There :\re said to be 40,000 houses (13) and a 110-
pulation of 100,000 persons. (14) Tlie houses of the ricli
are enclosed by liigli-wnlls, and conti\ill tlirce or four courts
~~r i t l i gardens and fountains. Each courl contains a build-
i ng mitll several snlnll apartiilents, and three or four large
li;ills, reaching to tlie roof, supportetl by ~17ooden-pillars,
carved and piiillted. Tl ~ e apartnieilts open on the lii~llu, and
ar e filled up witli paintings on tlie walls, and looliing-glasses
l et illto the recesses.
I n the houses of t he rich, tlie malls are plastered witli rr
kind of stucco maile of Chunailu, (15) and Jirided into com-
partments, which ar e ornamented with flo~very patterns,
i n~pressed on t he stucco by meiins of a. wooden stamp, and
then covered orer with Talkh (16) which gives a silvery,
but neat, appeariince to the room. The recesses are of
plain stucco, and contain glasses or other ornaments. The
ceilings are either painted, or fornled of many smnll pieces
of wood, cirved, and fitting into each other ; and vnrnislied.
(17) The houses of the colnnloil people are of onc story,
Allmed Sl1a11 went from Cnndnh~r to Tobn in the Acltulczye country,
where t he summer i s coolel; nnd died at ~Vlurgha, in June, 1773, in t he
50th year of his age.
(13)
The houses aloe jiene~.nlly smnll, and many of them i n ruins,
and nninhnbitable.
(14)
Some considered t1111t t l ~er c more only 80,000, giving t no to
ench house. Ther e were said to be 100,000 in 1309 (Elphinstono's
Cnbool), but a s part of t he population consists of Hindus and ot l ~or
t ri bes not Aflqlinns, i t i s probable t l ~at , i n unsettled times, mclliy would
Ienve t he plnoe for n more secure :lbotle. In taking a census, i t is
dificult, ill the Bast, t o determine the number of pcrsons living in oach
house, tl1011gh t here can be none, in estimating t he number of houses.
(18)
Lime prepared with water, misocl with goor, (~nolnsses.)
(16)
Isinglass, w11icl1 is formed into a s l ~i ni ~l g powder.
(17)
"One room a t lenat lins glazecl \\~inclosg and several have
fire-places. Tho doors ar e cirrved, m d covered in winter, with velvet
or brocncle. The floors ar e covered with 11r111dsorne carpets, c ~ r ~ r l thick
fill seats go :ill r ound t he room close to thc wi~ll, n11d arc covercd with
sillc or vel\~et,"
136 Iiot and cold Baths.
ilntl usllfilly of ;r siligle room about 20 by 12 feet ; they
little or~i:uneiit and scarcely ally filrnitllrc. (18)
Tjlere fire several vapol'y halhs i n tlic city,
ell .?H
co/d-ball~s, so that p o i ~ mily enjoy b o t h proceedillg fl'o1ll
oae t o tlic other. (19) Soule are pri vi ~t e property, 0tller.u
for public iisc.
The streels are paved with smiill stones, but we f oul l d
tllc?ii~ ill bat1 oriler. (30)
l'llcrc arc some boililings wit11 roofs foriiied \villi flat
arched domes, with a hole at tlie t op i n t he ocnt,re, ; \ l ~(l
miide of sun-bur~it briclts ; tliesc apertures adi i l i ~ the l i ght .
These Iiouues ilre to bc seen, cliiefly, ill t he s u b ~ ~ r b s out s i de
tlic city, ill ranges colltniiliiig S C V C ~ ~ L ~ together; they lln\.c
011 oiie siclc, cloors, but iio ~vi~ido\vs, or 1-egular fire-places-
The f ol ~r prilicipal strects are ~ ~ s ~ i l l l y crowded fi.0111 f3 or
9 in tllc inorning till sun-set. The street froin the Shikillm-
poor (S.) gate-way to the Char-soo, is filled wit11 olie mass of
yeoplc, soiiic ridi~ig, sollie ~v;~IIri~ig, proceediiig t o niid fi.01~1
tllc grcat ii~nrl<ct-pli~cc ; nnd also, with camels, P;lboos, kc.
cerryi~ig loi~tls. Pcople of tlilrereiit iirl~ions ilrc seeii, dressed
i11 \-irrious colors, tl~ougli all :rssunie llie ~I f y hu~a dress. The
tlress of tlie ~voiiien is very sii~gulnr. They wear n whi t e
veil wliicl~ is fnstcrietl to t he top of t he Iieiid, and r c; ~chcs
nearly down to tlie feot iii frolit. ' l ' he ~k c c is covered, b u t
:I liiie net-worlc coillev over tlie cycs, ~vliich enables tlle111 to
scc \vitlioiit being secli; t he eyes alone are seen. The
woilicll of Candal~ar arc said to be illore virtuous tllirll tliosc
.of Cabool. Outside the gates, or i n l l ~ e city, may be bougllt
the kubab, @1) the p007~0, (a2) the nalz, $c. (23) The nc-
(18) C ' Ncitl~er tables nor ch:,irs nre ilsed ; their plnce is sayplied
by witme woollell carpets, and thick cusliions of fell.''
(19)
\vood being n sei~rca nrtiula, enre nlrlst be tnlccr~ to ascertain
tlli~t those nho llcnt the bath, (lo not use offensive st~lstirnces to nlnke
t he fire wit11 I
(20) The Shah orllcretl a new road to be rn;lde dourn the pril~cipiil
.streat running konl S. to N. to\rnrtls the pnlnce.
(21) Roaste~l meats, us~illly lixed on rroodcn ske~rcrs.
( ) Alaat[fuwls, he.) mixed with flesli arid rice; sometimes hard
boiled eggs are nilded,
(?3) Bread Unleavened ; it is nlised' with millr, ;md is rolled ant to
c o~~l i l s of F o r s l e ~ arid other travellers regarding the frugal
habits of tlie Afghans do not agree \vith their present niode
of living; for man, \vonian, a ~ ~ d child, eat as much animal
food as they can procure; no Europen~ls eat so n~uch.
Fruit of all ki nds are devoured i n grei~t quantities.
4. Surroanding Country, 4c.-Cantlnhar is on a table-
land, surrounded by a well cultivated plain. Detached hills
rise from t he plain on the S. and E. ; on tlie N. and W.
they appear n1ol.e like a brolten range of liills ; their height
varies froill 300 to 2,000 feet. 'l'hose to tlie W. have il
singalar appearilnce, they rise op neat the top like a wiill,
are indented, very rugged, and look very \)leal<, being of a
clayey color. To the S. tlic hills are more distttnt tl~tln in the
otlier directions. Tlicre is neither tree, nor shrub, nor licrb t o
be found on them, or, in the language of the Eniperor Babe?.,
(24) <' The monntains are worthy of the 111en ; as tlie pro-
verb says, a narrow place is large to the nayrow-minded.'
b
There are, perhaps, scarcely in the ml~ole world, such dismal-
loolting hill countries as these." The heat radiates from
t.hern during tlie summer so much, as to warm the breeze as
i t passes over them ; and in the evenings, it is not linconunorl
to experience a current of hot air from the mountains, ant1
one cool from the plain-the latter usually succeetling thc
foriner ; (25) from this and from other causes, there is it
great difference between the teluperaturc of the morning and
the middle of t he day. (26)
s considerable size, and in it they oftell insert a portion OF their curry
rind rice, kc.
(84.)
Emperor Baber's Memoirs, p. 152, i n his descriptiori of tho
t
hills of AflgIianiston.
(2.5)
This we felt i n tho Bengal Stnff camp, which was on a CI~unl-
mun (01- green swnrd) to tlie S. of the city, and the water was within
three feet of the grorrnd ; we were a t no great distance from tlie per-
~~e ndi c r ~l a r hills to tile \V., which just s t one poirit wore l ow witli a
1 c~irvetl lime, ndmitting t he \V. wind toblow freely towards 11s: il)deetl
rve coi ~l d llenrly see the last of the scttiag sun. The otltor camps to
our left, being closer to these hills, the wirrm current rnor~ld pnss over
tllem, and not be felt.
( 26)
See Table, No. 3. Somotimes 40 ant1 50 degrees. From tlie 26th
April to 2Gth June, 1839, both iilclusive, at 4 nr~d B A. ar. it rilnged irom
T
I
Froln llle A~yl~zinrE-a6 river bciag ncilr t he city t o t l ~ c JV.,
ant1 t l ~cr e being nially canals ~ ~ ~ i i ~ ~ i i ~ l g froin it, ;u~rl tlie 'I'rcr-
lluk rivei. 1)eing at sollie distance to tlie E., tlie coul l t r y
a b o ~ ~ t Canclallar is susceptible of ii l ~ i g l ~ state of cnltiv:ltiol~.
0 1 1 tlie roncl towards I-Iernt the crops iirc very abunrlan t,
and also in t he direction towarcls lioosA-ah (7 ~ni l es S.) nncl
between i t and the city. But they do not iippeiu' t o $Yo\\-
more grain t l ~nn is required for tlieir olvll cons ni npt i o~l ~
There ar c plenty of orchards, and gardens in t he vi ci ni l y,
nrliich cont i i n vines of v;lrious Iti~tds ; (27) itpples, pcnrs,
quinces, nect ar i ~~es , ~I C~CI I PS, figs, pll~i~ls, al)ricots, c11crries.
Poplars and ~villoms, surround tlie orchards; t he ~vl l ol c-
being secured by mud-malls, against the inroads of c a t t l e -
The people havc no Lnowlerlgc of Horticulture, or gardel i -
ing. Naving sown t he secd, or planted the tree, their chic-f
n t t c ~ ~ t i o ~ l is paid t o irrigation, leaving the rest to nature.
I11 their various trades, they are fitr inferior t o tlie n a t i v e s
o f IIindostan. They are less educated thim t he people of
Indiir, ut ~dcr British rule, and nppeilr to 11avc cliirngetl tllc-
hitbits of pastoral a11c1 ngriculturill tribes, for those of t l l r -
robbcr and pl u~i dercr ; i~iduced no tloubt, by the inuecurit5-
of property, R I I ~ CO~l ~t i ~i i t cl~aiige of rt~lcrs.
5. Conzmc~.cc n)rd Politics, 4c.-Caird;illar, froin i t s posi -
tioil, was, i n B a b e ~ ~ s time, one of the great miirts to r n l ~ i ~ l ~
caravalls resorted, mi d Cabool was another. To t he former
came those from I<liorasn~i. 111 the tirue of Dost M(t l i ot r~cd,
owing t o his syslein at C:~bool being no re liberal thiin t l i c
fiscit1 a~~mngei nei l t s a t Ciu~dahitr, inore ~ne r c l i a ~~t s 1; ~s or t ccI
t o Cabool t h a ~i to Ca~~d; l hi rr ; though fro111 its situation, the:
trade wit11 Persia, nncl with the sonth of Indiii, ni i gl ~t be nil-
turally expected to pass tliroogh Ciii~dirliitr. The route by t h
Indus from Bombay, will be that by which the trnclc fro111
50' to 7S0, and ;kt 3 P. ar. frorn 8 5 O to l l oO. Prorn nbout t l ~e midcllc o t
hlay, tl~ey reckon two hot periods of 40 days eiicl~, the second peri ocl
ltotter than tho t i i n s t . For two or three nights tliere blew n hot w i 1 1 ~ 1
all night; but nt other times, the nigltts wore cool.
(97) The vines nre plnnted i n trenches, ranged in parallel row- -
nnd llare nothing do support then].
Xugl and and I ndi a will be carricd on ; as tllc dista~lce fro111
Bombay is less t han tlmt fi'orn Ci~lcutta, and it is obvious
tlint I ndi an goods will besel l t vi2 Cabool, from the upper
portion of Bengal alone ; since t c~ go t o Persia, t he extra dis-
t ance bet ween Cnbool iind Candahnr (318 miles) must be
travelled. (25)
I n a Mi l i t ar y aiid Political poitit of view, Cirndahar is
liiore exposed than Cirbool, for t he frontier towards t hc
l at t er is mor c easily defeiided, having sevcral defe~isiblc
passes ; while t he fonncr would be exposed by t he fall of
Herat.
Th e t hree brothers, Sirdars, Icohun-dil Khan, Itehnl-dil
I ~l i s n, and Mehr-dil Khan, held 9 - 1 0 t h ~ of t he land, and
~voul d not r ent il witllo~it an immeclinte return ; nor gmnt
a, mirter-l ease but on exhorbitaat t enns ; llence t he people
were ripe f or n change. Icl~elat was free froill the iiiflr~et~ce
of t he Sirdnrs, who appear t o have loolied oilljr to personal
advantages ; nrithout regard t o t he welfare of t he state. They
had lost t hei r connection with Sindl~. (29)
Th e Moollahs (priests) were not regardcd with respect by
t he Sirdars, so t hat they could not succeed in raising a war
a11 t he s cor e of religioll ; and the Sl ~eeah part of the KZLZZZ~-
bas7~e.v not being influential, the Sirdars alone worild appear to
have desired an alliance with Pereia. Though Dost Mahomed
came t o t h e rescue of Candahar in 1834, when Shah Shoo-
j ah invaded t he country; he on t he occasion of our march
on Candahar, left his brothers to their fittc. I t is sai d that
(43) Cnndal~ar f or n~s nn outlet to the
commerce of tlie ~vlioIu of
Sindh, ~ncl t o t h ~ t by tho Indus, from the ,P~lnjab. Being at the west-
ern extremity of tlie preselit Itingdom of Afgknnislnn, the trade not
only of Cabool, but of the internal parts of the country, 1vo111d flow to
Cand~har. There are a number of the passes on the Indug between Shi-
I r a ~ p o o ~ ~ and the Atlolr, wit11 roi~ds for ciiravans; whi l e Cnbool labours
nnder tlic disidvrmtnge of tlie commerce pnssing througl~ the P~i ~i j ab,
where thc duties arc not otily Iiig11; but, wc 11;rve no menns of reg~llnt-
ing the clr~tics to be lgvietl i n a foreign st:~tc.
(530)
I n the time of Titnoor SIIIIII, Sirrrllt paitl $1 tribute of 22 Liiklls
rllpees (.C220,000), i n s~~ltscclucnt reigns only tllrcc I,itltl~sRs. (.CSO,OOo ;)
but in Iiitcr years nothing was yi~icl. Sco Lt. Lceull', Rcyvrt.
T 2
140 Revenue and fuduve
Sikhs were not so much disliked at Candahar, as
~ ~ ~ b ~ o l ; and that the Candaltavees would rirtlier have beell
suIlject to the court of Lahore, than to t hat of Persia.
I t was by some supposed, tliat placing Shah Shooj al ~ i n
possession of Candahar, mould have beell a niore prudelit
]ileasure, than thilt of extending the operations to Caboo2;
but it seems clear that, by such a plan, if ever Hevat should
fa]], Candahar would have been placed betmen two llostile
powers, Herat and Cabool; and the passes between Candnliar
a n d Ca b ~ ~ l would have been in the hands of D o ~ t Mshonied.
There never could have been any dolibt as to the result of
our military operations, had the chiefs of Ca n d a l ~a ~ been
joined by Dost Mirhomed. (30)
6, Revenue of Candahur-New Prospects.-The Revenue
of Candahar was stated to be not nlore tlian eight
Li~lths of Rs. (80,000.) (31) Fo~st er (32) says, "The
city with a track of dependent territory (under a son of
(30)
Tile Surdnrs of Cnndahar wore said to 1;ave had 3,000 good
Cavnlry, 1,000 Infy. and I5 guns.
Dost Muhoined's regular force con-
sistetl of a1100t 13,180 (of tlleso 3,000 were in Ghuanee), of which about
6,000 were Csry. He had 10 guns. So t hat the two, united, could not
have brought moro than 10,000 nlen into t he field. Th e Iring in 1834,
had 6,000 Hindostar~ees and many Affghnns, and six or ei ght fie111
pieces, when he fought his battle at C~ndahar . Th e Barulc.~ycs (Can-
clahar and Cahool forces) had, it i s said, 10 or 12,000, and six o r eight
field pieces. Dost Mahomed acknowledged that he was nearly losing
the battle; and must have dono so, hnd Slbah Shoojnh remained on t he
field. 'I'he fact is Mr. Camphell, his only officer, ( t he rest being
Natives,) was wounded ; the troops got into confusion ; and t he Iring
thought the battle was loet.
From their force being principally Cavy., they could not effectually
have opposed us irt the Bolan or Kojuk P"sses. Our c ~ ~ ~ / , ~ were,
certainly, Out of condition, but t hen we had good Infantry, &lld plenty
of guns. Had Dost Malcmerd Come to Candahar, m d l ~n d i t been neces-
sary to wait for t he Bombay column, t he delay ~vould not hayo bee11
longs T l l e ~ reached CanLhur, eight days aftel- us ; but, might llavc
mOvodUP sooner ; under this view, \hey I V O U I ~ never ]lave attempted
t o nlove by the Gutuiuva PUSS.
(31) Lt. Leech's report.
(39) 'rrrvels in 1783, p, i w.
Prospect of Candahar. 141
Ti mooi Shah) produced 18 Lal t l ~s of Rs. (180,000) ; so
t ha t it is clear t hat under t he kings, t he co1111try was more
productive, t han ulirler inilependent chiefs ; and that how-
ever well European countries inay prosper under a repuh-
lican f o r ~ r ~ of Government ; still it is inapplicilble to Eastern
Nations. (33) There beillg no one possessing a g e ~ ~ e r i ~ l autho-
r i t y i n A$"yhanistall, each chief ~nnde hiinself independent.
Shah Shooja?~ caine to the tllro~le i n 1801 ; twice he lost
hi s crown; but he cnnie t o the throne at the early age
of 20 years, and was obliged to trust t o his nlinister (34)
i n whom he coufided, and ~vho becarne his worst enemy.
Tl l e Shall4 twice (35) forllled expeditions, and tried to reco-
ver his throne. The British Goverjanaeat have restored to
hi m his crown, with n. diminished kingdom. The king is
now about 60 years of age ; nlisfortune ought to have tnnght
llinl noder ration and prudence. He has never coi~lillitted
a ny act of wanton c r ~ ~ e l t y ; indeed, Inore firmness ruld deci-
sion wonld have saved his crown. His chief fault is said t o
be a certain ?&azetaur in his deportillent to those under him,
which is displeasing to those Affghans, wllo were accustonled
t o t he indiscriminate frankness, and freedom of converse with
their chiefs, who (36) attached their followers t o them, by
associating wi t h the petty chiefs on terms of equality; re-
gar di ng less personal character, than the importance they
derived from t he nu~nber of tlie retainers they could bring
illto t he field. V1ith our Envoy and Minister a t tlie court of
t he Shah, t he influence of British advice ca~lrlot fail t o
(33)
'J'lie people being ignorant, cannot appreciate the advantages
of n form of Government which gives only one supreme heud ; and
owing t o a misrule under two of tlie last kings, seem to have desired
t o have had no moetnr. Niamut Ullah (n contemporary of Fe~ishln)
thus describes t he Afghans : " We are content with discord; we aro
content nit11 alarms; we are content with blood ; but we never will bo
contc~'lll with a maslor. (I'reface Transln. vi. part in-1829.)
(34)
Aln.om Kltnn, wlro nmilssed wei~ltli rvliich lie would not (1800)
lend to liis Icing t o raise and pay troops to defund his throne.
(35) In 1818, and 1834.
(36) Dost figahonled in pi~rticulilr.
r
secllre to the pcoplc, tllcir property, rights, ;uncl privileges ill
nodis~urbecl possession ; niid thc prosperity of Afyhonistan,
.cvill be the result: but, it will require time, to restore tlie
habits of peace, aftcr 30 years of co~istant anarchy a~l d
rcbellio~i. 1
Mzi RCH FJtOM CANDhHhR TOIVBRDS GHUZNEE.
1. March to Abclool uxeez, (27th Jnne, 1839.)-Tlicrmtr.
4 A. M. 72O. The Bd. Br s. zmcl tlie 1st c o l u ~~i n ii1;rrcheil
nt day-break froin Candirhar, tlic Cavalry leading. ( I ) hf t c r
:t march of neirrly six miles e~i ci ~i i ~ped neitr tlie sii~itll villztge
of Abdool Uzeez. The table-lanil very level and stony.
The crops having bee11 cut, tlie appearance of tlic valley
was dreitry. No caniel tlioni ; water brnckiuh. T/ternatr.
3 P. M. 1os0
As the Lol ~nnee merclinnts would not iiccolnpally the
ariny, we were obliged t o leave tlie 20,000 ~naunds (2) of
grain brought by t he Convoy, i n the city of Candahar ; ilild
tlins, tlie troops and followers were obliged to mirrch oil
half-rations, (3) while coultl this grain have beell brought
on, we should have becn on f ul l rations; but we ~vant ed
cirrriage for its conveyance.
To-Jay Ma/~arojujoh Runjeet Singh died, (4) alld as llis dc:rtli
was early kiidfvn at Cnbool, Dost Maho~iied, doubtless,
cirlculated on a change of circumstitnces in his favor.
(1)
111 t he ortler detailed ill G. 0. 29tl1 Ju~ie, 1839, p. 128. Sce
;llso, G. 0. lot11 June, 1839, p. 116.
(2) 1,6u0,000 Ibs.
(3)
\Vl~ilo ; ~ t Ci~nclal~ar the issues frnm the Gnvt. atorcs \\?ere tlis-
contin~~ed ; :is the market \rau ope11 t o ill], those wllo had t l ~u Ine:llls,
~r er c itble to ~)rrrcl ~i ~se rr greater quantity tl111n tllc hi~lf ri~tiot~x.
(4)
\Be (lid not ltnow of it till t he 1st of A~ ~ g i ~ s t ; but it r1111st h:i\,e
been Itnowr~ nt G1111znce irr~cl Cnbool, beforc \re rci~clied the forrner.
'l'l~e Gov. Gcnl, riotilied thc cmnt i l l n C;, 0, dutetl 4.111 duly, 1939, fro111
I n coliseclacnce of tlie greilt hcirt of tlie wcatlier, by wliicli
botll inen and cattle sutiered mucli, and tliere being rnoonl.igirl
ill our favor ; it mas resolved to ii~arcli early in tlie mornings.
28th Jw8e.-To Quillah Azcem. Tl~ermtr. 2 A. M. 82".
When we marched, in the saiiie order. During the miircli
. ?
tlie witid changed and tlie temperature becanae about 12
degrees cooler. With day-light me found a broiid a i d exten-
sive plain to our right, and in our front broken cliaiiis of
hills, stretching to our left.
At about 10 miles came to Qilillah Bzeem, a small square
mud-fort with romld toivers at the angles. A sinall strearri
of brncltish water ran tlirough the village outside the fort.
The ivliole ground covered with camel thorn. Several little
streams of bracltisli water iritersectecl our cainp. Plenty of
good water in tlie fort $ riiile to the left and W. of camp.
Tliere were lieiglits in our front, and to tlie right of cainp,
wliere our main picquct was. The road good to-day. Thi s
I
place is 3,945 feet above the sea, slid 461 feet above Canda-
?-
bar. The~nzomete~ at 3 P. M. 103O.
Sin~la, ant1 clirected n~i n~t t e grins to be fired corresponcling wit11 t he
nge (60 years) of the ruler of the Punjab. 'I'lle event caused some
cl l ~nge in the nffnirs nt Peshnwer. ''here was annttelnpt to conceiil his
denth for some little time, hut Kl~rir).ulr Siilgl~, thenew ruler, reported
it to Lt.-Col. Ti'n.de. The Silt11 troops which were on the frontier under
h'onlcal. ATfro Ar~lifll SingA (t he son of l<l~nrrult Singh) left it and cross-
ed the Illtlus ; tho son being desirons of being present ;it Litllore, or1
his fitther's accessinn. 'I'hey were recon~n~ended to stay on t he fron-
tier till the present service was over, but conld not be induced to stity.
' there was no comn~otion ilmong the Ilfilhonicdun tribes o t ~ either side
of the Intlus; the presence of the mission nlld tile troops under Lt.-
Col. Ilrnde, \rns no doubt useful at this juncture. On the 8th Jul y, t he
Silih (reserve) trool)s marcl~ed. Gcnl. Ventuwc (one of the Silth Gene-
r
rals) alan marched t o Lahore; lie comm:undcd the Silih contingent
attachcd t o Lt.-Col. \B.'s force : the cntise of his going woulcl appear
to have been it wish not to be second in contmat~cl; or perhnps, tr desire
to look after his own interests at Idallore ! On the 10th July accounts
I
were received nt P~.slrnu~er of runlours at Cabool, of Rnnjeet's 11eatl1,
and a contested succcssior~ ; so that ils n considenrble Sikl, forco was
withdrnwn on this frontier, from t he death of t l ~ e Sikh cl ~i eft l ~i n,
'night llnve been of serious det ri ~ner~t to our operations agaillst Cnbool
vih t 11~ Khyba. PRM,
I
1 ,
GI~iljie c7~iefs come in. 145
A Ghi7jie chief and forty or fifty followers came in and
made subnlission t o the king, tvho to-day marched froin
Canc1:thar. A~lotlier chief, with n number of Gliiljies,
report ed t o have gone over to Dost Malioiiied.
Orders t o prevent the led-liorses of Regts. crowding in
front of t hc colnriin.
29ih .F.mtc.-To I<hcl-i-Alil~oontl. Tlieriilonleter at 1 A. nI.
724 wh e ~ l nre niivclletl in thc siune order. Pull-moon.
Fi r st par t of tlie roatl over it dead flat, sliirted by brolten
ranges of mountninu. Tlie asce~iE most coilsiderable after
we h i ~d pnssetl over the Hilt ; and the road continued rugged,
stoliy, and narrow, nfitli ir corlst:ult ascent, and descent
across t he (11-y betls of n~onnt ai n streil~ns a1111 ravines, until
\ re citli1e Lo tlie valley of tlie Turnuk. Tl ~ e valley is narrow,
and 01-1 tlic right ba~ilc of the Tumult rivcr, is the village of
~hel-i-AIi1i001~t1, about a milc N. \T. froin canip. Tlie
camp on tlie right bank of the river tvllicl~ ttriLS close to,
and S . of camp. Thennomete?.3 P. M. 100".
Thi s place is 4,418 feet, or 473 feet above the last ground.
Tlle sccond colulnn, under Brigr. Roberts, nlarchetl to-day
fro111 C:uidahar. There being the delile of Poolcc to be
passed to-morrow, tlie snppers and mi~iers, with two Cos.
of I ~i f y. and it troop of Cavy., were directed to march an
hour beforc the colui~ln ; the Colng. Oflicer of the party to
occnpy t he defilc with his Iiify., seridiag liis Crivulry to the
a. estre11lit.y of tlie goiVgc ; the defile to be so held ~vliile the
snppers nnd miners are at work, and until the col un~l ~, and
baggage s l ~al l have pi~ssed over it.
2. 30t 7~ June, (Ihe Pootcc DcJile.)-To Shul~r-i-Suffa.
Thel.iuometer 2 A. N. (if?, when we marclietl. The road
crossed a very ulild coilntry, and ran itlong thc banlt of thc
Tur~zuIC for 2 miles. Country lorn, we crossed some water-
courses t o get to tlie Pass; the hills in o~i c part so
nar r or ni ~~g it, t hat the pio~leers were obliged to wider1 it,
beforc tlie guns coultl pass. A u-ater-course ran close t o
t he right of thc road, At about 3 rililes nras tlie defile,
ext endi ~i g aboat 200 yards, and 10 to 16 fcet brond, or1 Lllc
slope or brow of a hillock. Beyond tlic P~LSS, Lhc left of
U
tlic r oa d i ms fliuiked by l ow hills, closc t o it, for s o l ~ i c tlis-
t nnce. Froul tllis poi111 t l l c road lng over :i l ow c o ~ \ ~ l l l . ~ ~ ,
witli \ ~ i \ L c r - c ~ \ ~ ~ e s . Tllc r o: d w; ~s tlieil ri\tllcr st oi l y ; t l l c
rest o f t bc road iiiore open. Ol i c iiiile 111. of caili~), iL hi l l
and an old fort. IIciglits i n f r o l l ~ of o;i111p; t o Llic rcitr xiid
?
S. of it, riul tlie Turuuli. Il' /~e)v~ro~nete?* 3 r. ax. 104O.
Di st : ~i i ce t o SIinhr-i-Sufi1 11% miles ; tlic eleifirtiom ;rboire
tlic s e n 4,613 or 8 0 0 fccl above l ust grountl.
G. 0.-A11 gui ~r ds uid picquets to prcreni. ar med pnr l i es
froln p: ~ssi ~l g, or apl)i*oncliiiig t he cn~np, till t hey shitll h a v e
give11 i1 sntisf;\ctory irccoullt of thelllselres. (6)
Tl i e Gltiljies liiul cat tlie bit~rds, (6) aud flooded t hc road,
t hus rellderiiig i t tlifficalt for tlle troops to 1lioi.e. l' irrties
of pi oi l eers selit out , to st op tllcln 111) ngiiill.
Miij. Geiil. lvillsliire's (or third) colutii~i n x ~ c l l e d fro111
F Ci~nr1ah;uv to-day.
1st J14lg. To Tce~~unda,-. (7)-Thcrlnoiileter 2 a. ar. SO0,
r
wli e n IVC innrched. We (lid n o t c s p e r i e ~~c c ally clillicul ty I
Eroiii yesterday's llootli~ig of ~ h c roirtl.
AL 3 ~l l i l es cr os s ed
sol i l c water-courses ; tlicll ;rli ; rsce~i t irliicll recluirotl 10 Ito?.ses
t o soni c of tlie 11. A. g n u s ; ~i i ori t i g t l ~ e i i ~ wit11 diilicl~ltgr,
ol ri i l g t o t he ZOZU co)~diLio)t of tllc i ~l i i l ~i ; \ l ~. Tl l e rontl \ vi l s
wi ndi ng, round tlic bast of low-hills ; tlicrc was, howevery
-
yl cnt y of rooin i a t he virlley for troops to cnonmp ill.
At 10 ~i l i l es 3 f u r l o ~ i ~ s , came to Tee~lhndaz. Ther e l v a ~
a mn g e of low liills i n f r out (N.) of cirilip.
Tl i e Tu~~z uk
river, close to t he S. Ther e i s n sinall village.
Z'lternzo-
met er 3 P. 31. 100'.
Accou~i t s from Iielnt-i-Ghiljie, t hat t he Ghiljies a r e ns-
C
( 5 ) "Any sucl~ approncl~ing a Post, they are to be stopt by t h e
Officer Comg. it ; nnd n report inimedi:ttely mndo to the Brigittlier on
duty, who will cominu~iic;~te sl~cli pnrticnlirrs 11s 11e niny I~:r\?e heen ;tblc
t o elicit to tlie D. A. G. ; who rill notify to 11iln the Co111r.-in-Chicf's
pleasure on the case."
(6) Banks to dani u p water i n cllnnnels, kc.
(7) The " Fliglrt of Lkc A).tSow." ' ~I I c spot \rere il1111rcd Shuh, first
Dooranee king of tlte AtTgllanq shot his arrow to, froni the ncigli-
\louting hills, There is a round, solid columo, to coninlenlorirte the
event,
sembliiig thcre, ill gr eat force; 1,000 there and 6,000 n o r e
espcct ed. Cf~zij111nos (night attnclis) t o be espected, or
at t i ~cl i s on our bagg:lgc, or carryirig o f cattle froin t he
grazi ng ground. Thi s place is 4,829 feet, or 811 fect ; hove
ollr last ground.
2nd July.- To Tool (or Toot) G:\ll~. tr~~Ilecl-. Thermo-
m,etcr 3 A. 31. (EY, J V I I C I ~ we nl:wclietl. Il;rvi~ics not f i ~r
f r om camp ; a littlc fiirtlier on, t l ~ e river mi1 so closc nnder
t he hills, t hat t hc piolleers were obliged to crit :r roiid ill tlic
slope for tlie guns to pi~ss. At S milcs ;I dcJ;le 011 t hc lcft
OF t he roiid, wllich estended about ;L niilc, ~vitli n slight
: ~scc~r t , which requil-ed tlic aid of the piol~c.crs to render i t
p;~ssiiblc, ilnil t l ct ; ~i ned tlic troops for 2 I~ours. 1 ' 1 1 ~ TZLT~I LI ;
:111tl cot u~i -ry below, t o t he right. Itc-cross :L w:lter-coursc.
A t 6 iniles t hc becl of a river : a s~n;ill s t ~~enm. Road stoily
iri soni e plitces, a1111 i n p:uts,, slighlly .ivi~idiiig. 'She road
gcnerallg bi ~d to-day. Corifiision :linong the bi1gg:ige cit1:tle ;
one rnml killed, and t wo riearly lost their lives. Ga,,ip-
Ri111ge of low- hills in front (N.) di st : ~l ~t % mile. Thc river,
Trrrnulc, t o t h e r ear (3.) :111d close to C:LI~IP. IJills t o tlic
S.; 7 01- 8 miles OR. El ~camped as soon as tlic valley nriis
s ~l l t i c i c ~~t l y wide.
r 7
l l l e 1);iggnge l i p lntc; and thc troops nluch csposcd.
T/~e?-nto,ncter 3 2.. ar. 100". Distnncc in:~rclicrl 1 I: miles.
3rd JUIIJ.--TQ I \ S S ~ ~ L II:iz:~rall. ?'/io./~zo~,l~~&cr 2 '1. ar. 7Ci0,
\. c~hei~ we nl nrcl ~ed. A gale of Iiot; \\liiitl blcrrr all 11igI1t ;
rliucll heat; a n d clust or1 t l ~c i~irlrcl~. 'l'lic road I):~ssi~l)le,
.tr.it;li tlie c s c r pt i o~l of ;L 1iil.s~ riivit~c, ~ I I C ~11111ost ~)cr~)cl i (l i -
cul i ~r sirlcs of whicli file troops 1i:lil to :isccncl lid tlescci~d.
Cicn7p, front, tllc river ?'urrruk; rear, low hills; tlic corn-
fieltls still not ~ . e i ~ p ~ t l ; ;ul iucrcasetl clcvation tliis mi~rt.11.
1SLeporl:sof enr:niies. Dost M;~lio~ncrl' s son snit1 to linvc
aclv;~ncetl froill Gl i u; ~nce towartls 1Cel;it.-i-Gliiljic. O r d t ~ s
for an i ncr ei ~sc t o t he ~\dvaiice pi ~r t y to-inorrow. (8) TAer-
nzonzcle;. 3 F. 31. 120".
( 5 )
Picqucts and tn-o g i n s 1rcrr ~)ostctl 011 l l ~ o ro:ltl to~vi~rtls !<elat-
i i i I t irriis I,el.c, 011 t he 1)11111c of t l ~c river, i i l ~ t l l'rorn tile Cornr.-
in-Chief's cnnlp, t l ~ i ~ t C;tpt. Oul r s ) ~~, A. D. C. to 11. E. lost 11 lnost
I
u 2
148 Iielut-i- Ghiljie.
3.
To Kelnt-i-Gldi$ie, (4th July, I839.)-Tl1ermon1eter
a t 2 A, Y. U!", wlierl me mnrched. The sappcrs md miners
.clrit]l 3 Cos. of Infy., and a squ:tdron of Cavy., and two
gulls, moved in adv:~nce of t he coln!nn, to prepn1.e t he road.
wing I-I. M. 4t h L. D.; tile first Bolnbap, atid third
Bengal Lt. Ca ~y . , and two guns, vent \vith the D. Q. M.
G. (M~laj. Garden) t o feel for t he enenry, and prepare t he
caillp for tlie troops.
Sooil after me cleared camp, found the g u i ~s ;ind pioneers
brouglit up by i i deep ravine, :it which the pionccrs mere
eull~lvye(1. At bout half-way crossed n ravil~e which re-
qniretf t he aid O F t he pioneers. The roitd i11 other p:vLs
good, t l ~ough st ony i n solnc places. AL about 2 or 3 luiles
from I<elat-i-Ghiljie, we foruld the throe Regts, of Cavy. en
bivoliac. A man hat1 passed ; ~nd give11 ii~fornlation tll;it ;i
chief Iiad arrived in t he town l ast ni gl ~t . (9) Si y J. Kenne,
immediately ordered t he Cavalry to more on. (10)
IIaving mrrrchcd nc:trly 12: l~liles urc reachcd Icelilt-i-
Ghiljie.
CUI~I. The I-Id. Urs. were on a lleight E. of the hill on
nl ~i cl i stood the oltl fort. Tlle I~zfij. c;in~p below 11s t o t he
Mr. Tlie Cnvy., N. E. in t he low ground tolviirtls t he river.
The Tunlnk river t o t he E.
I-Ialf-way on tllis lllarcll is n sm;lll stone bridge ; tlle
botu1d:iry bctween t hc Gl~iljics and Doo~a, ~css. Tllernio-
t nct c~ 3 I#. sr. 100".
Iiclat-i-Gl~iljie, (11) is on a hill, on whicli a fort once
val~lnble Aral), t l ~ e best l ~or se i n cilnlp. C:~pt. 0. offered n r e wn~d of
2,000 lls, for tlre reco\,ery of his cll;lrgcl; \ \ - i t l l o~~t sllccess. 'I'he rear
lvns too rnucl~ exposed.
(9) This \\,as, 1 believo, n fact ; the head-man of the place said so.
(10) Some say 100 or 150 Iiorscmen atere seen disi~l)l~ea~. ing over
the hill^. Cnpt. Oulm)it, says, p. 87, L' Ercept:i few n ~ o u ~ ~ t e d scouts,
~ 1 1 0 fleil a t our i~ppronch, no sig11s of Gl~iljies."
I\ 11roposi11 from one
of the chiofs.
(11) ?'he "forts of the Gltiljies." It was the Hcl. Qrs. of t he Gl ~i l -
jies, there being nonlerous forts i n t he country. Being on t he 11igl1
rond between Ci ~nd~rhnr nnd Cabool, its position wils good for t ho
]lend of the clliofs.
stood. Tl i erc is no t o\ r n I~erc, therc are two small walled
villages not f;v f1.0111 it, t o tlic i\J. W., and some felt tents.
The ol d for^ is coml>letcly in rriilns ; it co~ntnins tn7o springs
of lllost exccllcnt nri~tcr. 'l1lirre is i~ Iruclitio?~ t hat nrllilt-
ever conqueror pnssetl this pli~cc nrit,liout lnceting an encm).,
mi ght g o t o Cnbool froin Candilhar (or vice ve~.sn) sure of
success, and lueeL wit11 110 opposition in his itdvancc. (18)
Al l wa s qui et duriing t he diljr, : u~d only it few horseliien
wer e sccn neitr c:1111l-, in t he af t er ~~oon, 11c;u. sonie liills ]lot
far from canil>, Y1/ter~~toneeter 3 1 . . hr. 100". I<elaL-i-Gl~iljic
is 5,773 feet ;ibo\le t h e seir.
51h J~ly. -~l' hermollietcr 4 11. 31. 62'.
Thc Htl. Qrs. ~11d
I s t c o l ~ i ~ i l i ~ hal t ed to-cl;~y. Tlle Shi ~h' s force rind t hc 4111
I3rigi1de (13) joiriecl 11s this inorning. Abdool Itchiiian
niitl Goo1 Mi~lioineil, (Gooroo,) Gl ~i l j cc clliefs, mwclied i n
c ol un~ns 011 our left r111cl rig111 all the wily fro111 C:uid:1hnr,
overing on our flanlts. Tlic Sormcr reported t o have liar1
1,500 and tlie otllec 3,000 horse. (14) l'hey wcre decidedly
host i l e; but, t hey waited Lo be joined by Dost Mahomctl,
before t hey wonl d lllnlte an nttack. These men having
refused .to subiniL t o the Iring's r~utliority, two other leading
(12)
X72aBer toolc t hi s plncc nnrl thus describes i t : f C Kclat-i-Gliil-
jie, ( i n t he rille ol' t he ' I' ur~~ulz) A. 11. 911, A. 1). at11 June, 1tO.i."
(( IV11en we renchecl I<cl:rt, n.it11or1t 11~vi og irrr:~ped ourselves in nrnioul;
o r er ect ed i ~ r ~ y elrgil~er; for nttnck, we instllntly made a n ;~ssault.
T h e contlict \\-;IS sevcre. I l ~~chel c Beg 1r;ltl clnrnbered up n to\ver OIL
t he S. \\r. of I<cl:rt, rlnd 11i~d nei~rly gi ri ~~et l t he top, wl~cri he \\9as
\\,ooncled i n t he eye \\'it11 i r spear; n l ~d 11e clietl of this \ \ v o ~ ~ ~ i d tmo or
tllree days nft er Iieltrt was talcell. 'I'ke fight c ont i n~~e d in this way
t i l l i ~ b u u t t he tinlo of irfternoon prayers ; when just as t11e nss;~ilu~its,
\v11o 11nd f ought brirvely inld cscrted all their \~igolir, were nlniost
exl ~aust ed, t he gz~rri son demnntletl q~lirrter, :md surre~l dered. 'l'l~ey
came o u t \\*it11 t hei r bonrs, qliivers, nnd scyiniti~rs 11;rnging round their
necks ; and I forgave Lllem." llfemoirs, p. 171.
(19)
''hey 11itd closed up to join t he Sh11 for 11is better protection.
ZIe was I I I I I C~ annoyed by plondercru or1 the mi ~r c l ~.
(144)
The i r n u ~ i ~ b e r s were \variously reported i ~ t from 5 to 1,600.
Tl ~c oe cllicfs are descended fro111 t l ~ c Cihiljio ki ~rgs wllo (from t l ~ c \V.)
iniraciecl Persin.
mcnl bers of t he tribc wcr e s c t up ill tlicir stcntl as rn1cl.s.
( 1 5)
T l ~ e S l ~ n l ~ left somc of hi s Al Tgl i n~~ t roops at t hi s place.
(16) Tltcrnzouicter 3 1.. ar. 98'. h few s t r ; ~y c ; u ~ ~ c l s carrictl
olf. t
4. To si~-i-Usl~, (6th Jul y, 1S39.)-'~her1i101nctcr fZ A. 31.
72", whel l ~ v c marched. I-I. M. Shah Shoojab, hi s force,
ant1 t l ~ c 4 t h Drig;tde, linlting to-tl;iy a t I<clat-i-Ghiljic.
T h e r oad n very pnssn1)le one, illtersected a t intervr~ls, by
water-conrses, \ ~~l l i c h n l i t t l c delilyed Lhe guns. At 3 ;tnd (i
nliles c~. ossed t wo i ~u I l : ~l ~s bout linee-deep. I t ond good,
bnt stoiiy i n places. Co1111try Inore open, nrith l ow I ~i l l s.
Cctnzp cl ose to t he T~r r nul r river. 1)istnrlcc mnrchetl 10::
~ni l e s . Y1he~)nometer 3 P. >I. 96". Thc clcvi~tioll nbovc t l i e
scn 5,973, or 200 feet nbove ICelilt-i-Ghiljie.
-
/ t h J2~1y.-~l'o NOUPLI~<. (17) Tl~ernzonzeter 2 A. 11. 7i0.
I
Mnl . cl ~cd at 3 A. XI. On I c nvi ~~g camp, road diflicu!t for gul l s
nnd cniucls. Cross, iiot far off, n n.;~(;er-coursc: GO f(:c(; \ritle ;
1noc1 n i ~ d m:ltcr, but i i ot tlcep ; ;111 nscent :uid t l csce~i t on
Icn.cli~lg i t 11.1licIi tlcti~i~lecl t he ~ I I I I S all I l ol ~r ; two more aft er-
~vilrtls. 'J'l~c cou~i t r y I ~ ~ r r c r ~ , :uid roiltl stony. h t 9% ni i l es
reached Nournl c on t hc b;ullc of t l ~ c 7.'11r11uk; i t corcrct l
Lhe camp o n two sides. 011 1' ~i l ~l l i l l g Cilliil), IYC f o~l i i d t l i e
Caval ry e 7~ bivouac; rind llnd seen no onealy. l 1l ~e~n~, o7ne/ c?-
3 P. 31. 9 3 O . Thi s l)li~ce is 6,136 fcct, or l(X3 fcct i ~bove tile
Iilst ground.
(15) O~tlr~nn?, 1). 87. 'I'l~e f i ~t l ~cr of 11l)dool Re11m:~n, is snit1 to 11:tvc
dis1)uted the empire with ~Yhnlb &~)znn (brotlrer of Slrctk Slronjcd, t r l ~o
succeeded liim :IS Iring), at the lic:~tl of bo.000 horse n l ~ t l fi~ot. On t l l u
(ith October, lS39, tile fwt of tliis chief (l<illii-i-AIurgliii; :r \\re11 con-
I
structetl fort, wit11 :L l~igli cit;rclel, i111c1 wet ditch) sirs s~~r r our ~t l e~l by
AIajor 11fuaLnren's net t . ; bnt Ila escnpetl (11iri11g tlie ~i i gl ~t . ' I ' l ~u pl:~tbu
wi~s tle~~~olishetl. Sh:ih Sl~ooj:dl i n Itis forn~er reign, t\\,icc, ~lnsucccss-
fully, besieged this pl:~cc. See, C:rpt. O., p. 131.
(16) 1\Iajor Leech rccnmmentlctl the Ma 6 to rel ~i ~i r t l ~e fort, :mtl
hilve n gi~rrison in the 111:ice.
'I'lru object gencmllY is to r:izc :ill t l ~e
forts and strongl~olds of Ll~ose Gl~iljies ; sl~ort of wl~icl~, i ~ l l ol)oratiu~ls
will be useless, is \rlion defei~ted i11 tile field they ciin retire to then).
(17) Or, ' rnzeo Noorook.
Some Ghiuic parties come in.
15 1
G. O.-(& A Regt . of Cavy. u ~ l d c r t hc nr i gadi er of t he day,
c o m i ~ ~ g 011 dut y, wit11 tllc silppers R I I ~ 11ii11ers mi 1 2 Cos.
of Infy. t o l eave c a mp a n hour bcforc the colu~nn." (18)
l 3rohi bi t i on ; l gai l ~s t cmnel s crossi ng t o t he ot her si de of
t h e ' 1' ~~r l l uk r i \ . cr , t o graze. (19).
8211 $aly.-l'o r l bce l ' i ~ e e , 82 lnilcs. T / ~ e ~ n ~ o 1 7 ~ t o . 3
A. >I, To0. Mi l rched ilt 1 past 3 '1. ar. 0 1 1 le;lvillg ~; I I I I [ ) cr os s
n smnl l ~~ul l i i l l . At, ilbout 2 miles, road n;lrronf i t r~d for I
l ni l e a l o ~ ~ g l l ~ e br ow of n l ~i l l ocl i OJI t he l eft ; roild i ~bout 20
feet n-itle. 011 riglll, a nnl cr-course, and t he c o u i i t ~ ~ y l ow ;
t l l c Tu r l ~ u l r fl ol vi ng t hrougl l it. Cross tnro o r t hr cc nriltcr-
courses, iuid s l i ght i l sce~i t s al ~t l descciits. Tl l c rcat or t l l c
cou111ry ol)er~, ant1 road good f or ii Iiilly-country. Tl l c
r i
l urnulc ill reill; nt ~r l cl ose t o c i ~i i ~p.
So111t. few s t r a y camel s cnwictl OR; n Gl ~i l j i e liillcd, o ~ l c
\ \ ~ou~l det l , : L I I ~ S O I I ~ C 1)risollers t i l l i e ~~. ('70) TI t e~~~i onz ct cr
3 1). nr. 93". T h e c l e v a t i o ~ ~ t o-day 6,321 fcct, 01. 185 f cct
itbove l a s t grounrl .
91h July.-'l'llermom~eter 4 A. nr. 62". IIi rl t cd ; t o gi vc
t i nw to t he pi oneer s to level, kc. tlie banks of soni c nul l ahs
nurl rnvi ncs, whi ch cross t he roitd. (dl ) T/acr~no~)acte~-
3 P. >I. go0.
(16)
'l'lle two guns, usu;~lly sent rvitl~ this nett., to move \\,it11 the
m l t i ~ ~ colnnlll; t o j)ror~icle i~ pli~ce ~ I J I * tl1e111 at i l s I ~ e i ~ t l ; to be sent to
t he front if recl~~iretl."
( 19)
Tl ~c r e were a nun~ber of vill;~ges across t he river, and Goo1
ill i~liomed, the Glliljie chief, was n~oving on our right Ili~nli ; 1118 river
lying bet\vcen 11s.
(20)
G. O.-<< At the nest ground tllo 13rigr. to post pieclr~ets to
protect t he crimp, and the ortllivulion."
(21)
G. O.-'C The st~ppers wit11 their Escort, to cor~tir~uo on their
present ground ; worlting pirrties from t l ~c Itq), ~l l ust bc in rei~di~less
t o i~ssist tlre i~rtillcl*y i~cross the rnvines i l l fro~~t . "
Thi s ~nor ni r ~g t l ~ e so11 of tr Gl~iljie chief cnrne illto ci ~~nl ), to n~:llie
s~rbrnission to tlic S11i111 ; a110 o\,ertook 11s :rt this pl;lce. Sorne petljf
clliefsJ ' ~, vi t l ~ ;rbout 100 11orsc alid foot, cnrno illto cir1111) Lo thi: Icing.
. ,
1 rvo I I ~CI I n8el-e blown frolu guns, :irltl one sl , ~~red. ' l' l~e Glliljics 11:1(l
been guilky of colllloodcd murdcl; fur tllc sirlse of pl~ululer.
152 Mo ~e Gl~iljies come in.
l ot ] , July,-To Shuftul, 64 miles.
Tl ~c~~momet er 2 A. M .
GOO,
hlnrched nt 4 past 3 A. nr.
Rout e over n very preci-
],itous line of roiltl, ~vhi c h st i l l rcquiretl s t r ong r n o r k i i ~ ~
Ixlrtirs, to pass t he gulls over t.he st eep bn111ts of t h e nullill1
nIl(1 r:lviries. One glul broke loose, capsized, fractured
.
Olle mfill's jaw-bone, and seriously i nj urct l severul others.
Crossed t1ll.e~ ascent s ~ 1 1 d descents, wi t h g h i ~u t s ~na t l e over
tllelll. Camp. Th e Tnr nuk close t o the rear. Tl ~ermonzet e~
3 p. 31. 96". Elevation 6,514 fcet, or 193 feet i t b o ~ e last
G. O.-c' T l ~ e Regt. of Cavalry, t o go i n advance, wi l l
proceed, at once, to t he new ground, u ~ ~ d e r t l ~ e B~. i gni l i cr
colliing 011 dut y; accompa~l i ed by t he D. Q. M. G."
'( SnJtly gtturds to be posted, f or protection of t h e fields,
and in villagcv in t l ~ c imi11edi:lte vicinity of cnmp." (22)
Anot her part y of Gl~iljies came i n t hi s eveni ng; b n t nol i e
of not e among then^.
(3)
( : . O.-(( After pofiting of tile picquets nntl the Cor(lon., 811
hlrthc?r nrrangcments, to secure the snfet,y of cnmp :ind cattle, to rest
with tllc nrigntlier of the day."
l1 On l~otlies of pluntlerers being ol~served c.ollecting in riny direc-
tion, it is to be romm~~nicr~tecl 11y nriy one disco\wring tllem, to tile
Rripndier of the day, \\rllo will either send out :I r2cppor.t to the cattle
C I I : ~ ~ , or tnlte sucl~ steps ns may seen1 fit, for dispersing, or c;~pturing
the robbers."
'( flflicevs not o n duty, prohibited riding i l l 1111rsoit of pl~lllderers,
cnrrying~itl~ t l ~ r n ~ Dctts. not 1111dcr their orders; tllel.cby unsteadying
the men; knocking 111) the horses ; nnd defeating nn~?systematic rlrrange-
ments whicl~ nlay be concerted for capturing the tllieres, by the re-
sponsible nnthoritp in can~p."
(See G. 0. 161 April, 1830.)
" Yuiel to be observed in cnnlp tllrougllout the night, and oficers
Corng, corl~s, to cnuKe Pf~tiol8 to bc sent from thcir re;w g~l;lrtls, to y ~ i t
stop to the sl~outing of ciimcl-drivers, r r ncl otller follo~rcrs." ('L'lle
camel-~nan conling in from grazing ninke a grent noise calling out to
each oLller; by wl~ich nienns they hear fi.0111 those near the c;uiiy, tlie
direction in which they sl~ould proceed to their qonrter of it.)"
Two troopers were robbed by our olv~i camp-followers, within the
picquets. hIost of the robberies in cirmp, were comniittcd by our own
2
fuUoaers; ~ c h is the cnse in all lruiian Cuarl)o.
. The Glrilja'es near. 153
, 5.
T o Cliusina-i-Slindee, 10$ liiiles ; (11 t h July, 1830.)-
Tl re~momct er 2 A. ar. 58". nlarcllcd at d past 3 A. ar. hnad
Lolcri~ble, crossed by a null:~h nritli 2 feet ~ \ r i ~ l ~ r , and several
dr y ones. I l al f way crossed a nullall wliicll b p c ~ ~ l l e n slougli
by the horses fcet stirring 11p tlie 11111d. Count ry open ;
coilsiderable e xt e ~i t of t;rble-ltuitl. (23) Camp. Tl i e Turriuk
t o tlie rear. TVilter-conrscs iri re;rr of tlie 111fy. and Cavy.
canlps. Soine villages, ;it tlistirncc, ill front of caiilp ; :1liC1
across t he rivcr. Tlbe~nlorneter 3 11. ii. 970. Elevatioil 6,663,
o r 1544 feet above llic Iirst ground.
Tlie people offered no ~nolestatioii, aiid me g o t on very
cluietljr. Abdool ReAntan, nllio has beell a11 aloiig ~i l ovi i ~g
on our left fliliili, t e~l dered his submission ; but or1 such i111-
pndeut terms, t hat no answer wits give11 him. (24)
12tA .TIIZ,I/.-TO l'uiigul;, G+ iililes. Thernaomcter 3 A. 3r.
700. Marched a t 4 past 4 A. ar. At 2;t niid 4 miles crossetl
water-courses. Tlie country open, t l ~r ougl n valley ;,bout
20 iniles i n width, crossed by several lilie strcains of wrrter.
Nuiilerous villages, orchards, and mucli ciiltiviitiou.
Canq. The Tuni ok river n inile, to the rear (E.) of camp.
On the otller side of t he rivei; a h ~ ~ ~ t 1 inile, is Quilln-i-Jafficr.
Lar ge villages E. a i ~ d IV. ; (rear and front) on each side of
t he river. Thev?nometev 3 P. nr. 93". Elevation 6,810 feet,
or 142 fcet above last ground.
Repor t t hat Abdool Reliiilaii is ncnr us with 500 horse ;
n reconlloissailcc ordered, but 110 cnclnjr seeri. (25)
131471 July.-To G11oj;~n 13 ~iiiles. ' I ' l ~ern~ornet e~ 3 a. AI.
660. Mnrchcd at 4 A. i\r. At 5 miles crossed ;r decp rilvi~ie;
rat her a hard pull for 11. A. horscs. Crossetl several other
ravines. At 11 tiiiles crossetl tlic Jas er nnllnh, hut little
water. Thc river Turnulr 3 or 4 iililes olT. Road good. Tlie
valley widened as we advanced, 10 bo 15 iililes wi de; m;nly
( 93)
About fonr miles from Chusmn-i-Sl~;~dce, tliere is n ])l:~in 011
which 50,000 men might enc;lnip, fronted by :I crystal stream and
plenty of grass, ;ind wild clover. 13y halting tllcro, you liriyllt m;llto
two illstead of three ni ~rcl ~es f ron~ Sliuftul t o Uhojtrn.
(2.1.) 011 trani, p. 88.
(25) The Bombay Brigade two n~irrcl~es i11 our rear.
.s
154 Attack on the Camels.
villages with orclinrds al*ound them and much cultivation.
Tlie villagers reaping and tl~reshing in tlleir fields ; spriilgfi of
water in our camp. Ari attenlpt made by some liorseinel~ to
carry off camels at graxe, and while the picquet was coming
up, t wo troopers of the 4th Local Horse recaptured tile
camels, and, taliiug different roads, tried to cut ot i t he robbers
from rcaclii~ig the hills ; unfortunately, close to tlle foot of the
hill, their horses ran against each other, both inen and horses
fcll t o the gco~lnd. 'l'he Gbiljies took advantage of this
accident, and cut both the helpless illell to pieces, before tliey
could recover thenlselves ; and escaped into the mountains.
Tl!errnometer 3 P. ar. 920. Elevation 7,068 feet, or 258
above last ground.
14tls Jz4ly.-To Mnlioor, or Mooltloor, (26) 12& miles.
Thermomeler 3 A. 31. 64". Marched i\t 4 A. 31. Bond good,
over a large table-land (crossed only by two or three sintill
ravines) to t he right covered with numerous mucl-walled
villages, (27) clumps of trees, and orchards near tllem. At
10 miles, there were 20 or 30 Karezees 011 each side of our
route. (28)
Th e inotintnins near this place are about 2,000 feet above
the plain; extrernely rugged, and from their base t he river
Turnuk isslles i n nuiiierous spriiigs, near a c l ~ u n ~ of
trees. Crossed the river, and also a water-course, to enter
camp, (29)
(26) The nnme of t l ~c clistrict. I t mns in Dost Mallonied's country.
A t this place is the source of the river Turnuk.
(27) These itre rendered necessary f o ~ their defence against t hei r
neighbours.
(28)
Said t o have but little writer.
(29) There is a plain (or Cltuinui~) here, covered with .I fine green
turf, with white and red clover.
'I'liu plnrle, popli~i; ant1 willolv nre
seen among the fruit trees, nnd orchards. The Hcl. Qrs. calllp on t he
p e e n snnrd.
Plenty of fornge for all the animals. Grain, ant1 some grum (a small
white kind) procured here.
From the mountain near camp, R well cultivnted valley was seen on
the other side.
The Slrah joins US. 155
Camp. N. of t he river, the rear towards it. The left
close to the mountain. To the right, distant hills 15 or 16
~ni l es olt; on t he other side of t he valley. The village of
Multoor, S. JV., and ill rear of our left. Tliermometer 3
r. nf. 87.
The elevation of this placc i s 7,091 feet, only 23 feet
above t l ~ c last ground.
The Ghiljies showed t l ~e~l ~sel ves to-day, but picquets were
thrown out. No iittacli on our line of baggage, was lllade in
t hat direction. (30)
6. Hal t at lMukoor, (15th July, 1839.)-Thermometer 4
A. ax. 56'. The Ild. Qrs. and 1st coluu~n halted to-day, in
consequence of the indisposition of 11. a. Si r J. Iieane.
The Shah, his troops, and the Envoy and Minister calne in
to-day. During his last march, the Shah's Goorklrus had a
skirmish \vith Abdool Rahinan, the Ghiljie chief. (31)
Thermometer 3 P. M. 8*i0.
16th July.-To Oba, 142 miles. Thermometer 3 A. $1.
60. Marched at 4 -4. M. At 6 and 10 miles crossed the dry
bed of a nullah; rather steep banks the first time. Road
generally good, over s flat, and well cultivated country ; few
ilnpediments. Nulnerous snlall forts, and walled villages,
(30)
After the renr guard11ad arrivod,mnny people who kept behind,
were mlirdered and plundered by the thieves. Some of t l ~o medical
stores of the Bombay troops were citrried ofi. 'I'l~e Dengill metlicnl
store-ltecpcr ivns ordered to sul~ply more medicines. Accounts tlint
t he Sl~nll's Afghans had surprised tr body of Ghibies, ltilled and wou~~d-
ed many, capturing a stnndard.
(31)
Tliey attaclted the Shah's flanlts, and ser e said to have had
1,000 horse a~l d 600 foot. The foot occupied a range of llills command-
ing the road ; t he Gl ~oor l da Bnttn. went up and nttaclted tl~enl, ltilled and
ivol~ndecl many, and dispersed the rest. The Sl~ah's party had 1 liilled
nnd 2 woundod. The Ghoorkhas, nro the best troop8 for hill wnrfare
i n I ~t di n; the mountaineers in Affglbanistan are very good, but :ire larger
men, nnd not so active as the little Gl~oorkl~as. The Sl1n11 is, consc-
quently, obtaining more of this class of soldier. They are excellent
sliots. The Shah's camp mas attnclted in a part protected by a party of
t he GI~oorkhn Dattn. l ' be Gl~oorlthas, rrt home, on such ground, drovo
tliem ofi, overtoolc t l ~cm, ItiHed 13, nlld vonnded many.
-.
x 2
and exletisive c~~l t i r ~nt i on t o t h e rigllt iuld left. Nul r ~e r or ~s
groups of villi~gers, viewing t l l c t roops iIS t hey ~ XL S S C~ .
Partics of Cavalry t hrown onf to prot ect t he cul t i vat i on;
p ~ i u , & c brought into cnlnp.
Conlj).
Springs of ~vnt er i n camp, n wat.ec-course t o t he
w
rcilr, beyond n~hi ch to t he N. wa s t he dr y bed of a river.
I'le~lty of food for a11 t he ani mal s. The villnge of' Oba t o
the MT, I B ~ S deserted. (32)
G. 0.-"Tile i t d~i u~c e guard, of ;i Regt . of C: l ~i ~l r j r ; a
\\'ing of Itlfy., nnd two H. A. gntls, with t he sapper s iuld
n~i ners to nssemble a t t he l l l ai l ~ picqilet ;it tlre I s t Tr umpet ,
and ~l l ovc off under t he Bri gadi er c o l ~ ~ i ~ r g ou Jiitjr, ns so011
as day-liylit sutlicieat to di scern o b ~ t i ~ c l e s 011 111e roild." (33)
Rat i o~s. - ~~ The D. C. G. t o issac from t o- I ~I O~POW,
rations of $ seer of Attall (Hour) to liglrting-men ; and IrirlC
iI sccr (1 lb.) t o public eatnblisllments, and to camp-follow-
crs, illstead of thnt now ~ ~ ~ p p l i c d . " (94) Thermonteler 3
?
P. 81. 920. Th e elevatiol~ l i cre is 7,385 feet., or 934 above
Blookl~loor.
17/18 J!~/y.-l'o Jun~rood, (86) 13i miles. TIie) mo~aet e~~
3 A. 31. 02'. Mi ~ r c l i ~ d i ~ t $ past 4 A. 31. The road crossed
by scilel'itl tlrj1 ~~u l l t ~h s , ilnd ;L fcw ~avi ncu, rat her henv). for t he
guns iu so111c plnccs. Nunl erous forts, :uld ~vallctl villages,
with orchi\rds, and much cultivation. About hal f-way
sorl~c Ih~esees were passed, seine dry, some bet ween tlielil
(33) A n unfortuni~te masl~ermnn who strayed from the ro~id, was
robbed and his left arm cut off.
The head-mi111 of the villnge, wa r tile
spot, seized the criminal, and hroi~glit him, the wounded Illan irnd his
property, into camp. After nn inquiry and full proof of guilt, the mirlr
wiis sl~ot.
(33) "To lenve parties for the preservation of the grain, i n the
vicinity of t he rontl: to join the reirr-gutlrd."
(3.1.) 'l'he troops I~nd been on bnlfl~t~tions of half a seer, ancl t he
ca111p-follo~rers on u qucoSler of ;i seer, since the 29th M;~rcl~, 1939.
(G. 028t h hlsrch, 1639,) or for more tl1r41134 ~nontlls; excol)t what
little could cusunlly be bougl~t by those folloirers wllo had the nleans,
beheon l l ~ i v pli~ce and Cn~rdi~hnr ; at the latter place there wnB an
Open, but dear miirltet, for the poor !
(36) In the district of Bharabnugh.
Some ICuzzzt16asAes come in. 157
and t he camp ; where there were three st rea~ns of matel-.
The~*~)iornctr!r 3 P. ni. 93O. The elevirtioli 7,426 feet, or 101
feet irbove the lnst ground.
h4any men were now sick, some in conscqnencc of sleep-
ilrg oil tllc green srv:rrd ;rt llfukoor. (36) Flour to-day, sold
in cillllp a t 22, and barley a t 25 seers pel* rupee.
Accounts froln Cnbool and Ghuz~i ee most conflicting.
Tha t Dos t Mirhonlecl's eldcst so~i , (37) with four guns lind
re-inforced his younger brother (I-Iyder I<ll;rn) at Glruz~zec.
18116 July.-To near Mi~sheel<ee, 8jI miles. Ylternzometer
3 A. ar. 66". i\iIarched at 4 past 4 A. ar. The first 5 miles
road rather hcnvy for guns ; intersected by Illany mntcr-
courses, &c. rendering the march diliicult for camels; rest
of t he road good, but rather stony. Tlie whole plain cover-
ed wi t h forts, walled villnges, and much cnltivation. The
mountaineers, here, are called Huzarul~s. (38)
Cnmnp. I-Ieigllt~i in front, and ICarezees to the front, to
t he left, and t o t he rear. The heights N. FV. of auil close t o
camp, and a large collcction of grave stoiles i n front, and
close under t he hills. Tltermomelcr 3 P. M. 91". The
elevation at this place 7,309 feet or 117 less than the last
ground.
A party of Kuzzul6asl~es came i n to render obedience to
tllc lcing. (39) Alarms of the enemy, and inora picquets
(36)
37 men of t he 16th Bengnl N. 1, ant1 nlnny of the 48th N. I:
went into hosl)it~il. ninny of the soltlier~ European and natives losb
t hei r beddings in the Bolmn and ICojulc Passes. I-I. $1.'~ 13th Lt. Infy.
buried t hree men lnst niglit.
(37) Meer Ufi~ul l<lliin. IIe mas in tlie neigl~bonrl~ood. Bnt the
report that Dost A1:rIlomed Iiacl ~tlnrclied from Cnbool 011 the 16th July,
for Ghnznee, was not true. He was afraid to leave Ctrbool withoot his
troops rrt this time; expecting u.0 sl i o~~l d bc deti~i~ied nt C+lbt~z?lec! for a
l ong time. Tile disrrffected Gliiljie cliiefs were said to be moving with
n oolrsidernble body of Cibv;llry on our flniiks, i~itending to aid tlie
I ~?fi (n~ in resisting our ndvttnce ; or if ha did not co~nc to oppose us;
then, to t el ~der llieir sulmission.
(35)
1- I ur ~ar nlealls 1,000, the ~iumljer said to have been sent by
orla of tho conquerors, to people tllo I ~~l ~( l .
(39) Snicl to Lo tho first deserters from Dost 31al1omed's army.
158 Enemy in force at Ghuznee.
thrown o ~ t . Authentic accounts received liere, t hat t he
e ~ ~ e ~ n y liave assembled in force t o oppose us a t Gi ~wnee.
Rrirr columns ordered to close up by forced marches. (40)
Heavy rain at night.
7. fioops closing t q f i o r n the Real., (19th July, 1830.)- 7
To Ahmed I<hel, (41) 91 miles. Thermometer 3 A. M. 66".
I
Marched at past 4 , I . M. Tl i e road first 5 iniles heavy
sand, (42) and large loose stones ; crossine; several water-
courses : t he rest of the road good. Crossed two more water-
courses. Many s~llall mud-forts, and villages a t the slopes
of t h e hills.
Th e Iafnntry, Cavalry, and guns were hnlted near U~gut-
too, wl ~i ch mas occupied by forty of the enenlyYs horse,
mllo decamped on the arrival of our adva~ice guard. (43)
The Sliah, and the force with him, joined us to-day.
Camp. E-Ieights in front ; lluluerous snlall streams of
water near cnmp. Tttermornete,. 3 r. sf. 93O. Elevation
-?'-
7,502 feet, o r 193 feet above the last ground.
,
r 'l
1 he 2nd colwmn joined 11s to-(lay by forced marches ; ant1
Genl. V7ilZshire (3rd column) is pushing on to join us. (44)
G. 0.-'' Tlie 4t h Brigade will resume its position i n the
1st (BengaZ) division of Infantry, (45) on the mt ~r ch to-
(40) Outram, p. 90.
(41) I n the district of Argllistan.
(42) ' rents all wet, whicl~ iricrensed the weigl~t of the loads of the
ca~nels, kc.
(13)
The advnnccd y a r d mere fired upon by n patrol of nbout
50 of t he enemy's Ilorsen~en ; nfter R few shots, drivel; into t he hills.
A troop of 1st Bonlbay Lt. Cnvy. went nfter them, but did not come
up with thorn. Oilhum, p. 91.
(41.) G. 0.-a To be considered a stnrding orde,. that, xvlien tho
r
' nki~vrn' is aoundedatniyht" (or day) t he in-/!jingpicrjuets sh~11 ilnme-
diately turn out, and proceed, under their commander, t o t he front of
I
the standnrd, or Qr. guard, of the centre Regt. of the Drigatle to wl~icli
I
they belong; where they will reniain under t he Pd. officer of t he day
of tho Brigade; awaiting the orders of t he Brigndier on duty. Sl ~oul d
the " Azsenthly" be sounded, the Line will get under arms; one11 Ilegt.
forming in front of its o~lcampnient; aud renit~ining in position, till
I
ordered in some partioulnr di~rction, by con~petent authority." . ,
(45) It had been marching wit11 the king.
Order for march on Ghurnee.
159
morrow ; and t he park, with the Dett. usually assigned to
i t from t he 4t h Brigade, will follow in column."
" Thc Rear Guard t o be increased by a Conlpy. fro111 the
4 t h Brigade. The canlels carrying the spare ammiinition
attached t o t he corps of Infantry, to lriove on tlie reverse
Annlzs of their respective Regts." Tl~ernaometer 3 P. 31, 93'.
T h e elevation, here, 7,502 feet or 193 feet above tlie last
ground.
201h July.-Thermometer 3 A. &I. 68'. To Nanliee 73
miles. Marclierl at 4 past 4 A. nr. Tlie road sandy, hcavy,
and stony. At about 6 miles, passed betrveen commanding
hille, distant 3 to + mile from each other. The road from
this, was over table-land, crossed by the dry beds of moun-
tain torrelits. (46.)
About fifty or si xt y of the enemy were seen on the
hills, but they nloved off on the approach of our advance
guard.
A body of Huwarahs came into camp, and submitted to
t h e Shah. The.r.rnomeler 3 P. nr. 94". The elevrrtio~i here
was 7,420 feet, or 83 feet lesti tl~rrn the last ground.
8. Preparations f o ~ the march to Gh2sznec.
G. 0. O$ce.s quilting camp. " H. a. calls attention to
t he impropriety, in the present position of the tinny, of
Officers, quitting catnp on shootitzy-parties; and to the
unniilitary practice of discharging $re-arms ~vithin, or in
t he vicinity, of tlie lines ; the latter practice nlust be put n
st op to.'' (47)
'c Th e ar my t o mor e to-morrow, in three columt~s, in the
following order."
'' Th e Artillerg \vill marc11 by the main-road, having with
it t he sappers and miners."
(46)
To the CV. of Nnnnee there is n, sm~rll strenni, to cross which
and encamp on the Girusnee side, is said to give to an rnmy tlie posees-
. sion of the country.
'l'liis must menn, if the river he crossccl without
opposition; and is something like the tradition regitrding Icelat-i-Glii!jie.
(47)
' 4 To be procleimed in tlie different bav~nrs thnt, any cnnip-
follower foulid disclinrging fire-arms, within cnmp, will be severely
punisl~ed."
I 60 Rear-guard, and Baggnge.
c; The Cnvahy, 011 tlie ~ i g h t , in coluuin of troops, { dis-
tfillcc, riglit ill front."
66 Tlie lirfantry, on tllc left, i n ~011111111 of C O I ~ ~ ~ I ~ ~ I I ~ C S , b
distance, left in froiit."
'- l'i~rties of pioneers will 111ove ~i car tlie liead of t he 'cc
coluunas of Cavy. aiicl Infantry." (48)
C: Tl1e Reu~- yunr d will co~i si st of a company of Infant ry
froill eacli Brigade, ;L troop of Li ght Caviilry, and the 1.i7llolc
of the Local I-Iorse ; and will I)e under the co~llnlnnd of tliu
Fd. Oflicer colnillg olf t hc duty of the mniu pi quet , who will
the illi~rcll of t he baggage, fro111 froiit to rear." (49)
C( Tlie Brigadicr Comg. tlie Artillei.y, will :urange f or tlie
Morlars, and n portion of amnlunition, moving wit11 the
army; the remi~inder of t he Parlc, u ~ u s t iminediiitely prccede
llie ba.qgage."
CcT1ie t ~ e a s u w will inove with t he Pnyk, and will l ~ e
~i i l der the charge of n Coinlx+iip of Native Infy."
'T
(49) cr As the marc11 of tlie columns n ~u s t be s i ~i ~~~l t aneons , t hev
\rill be formed a l ~e n t l ~ e c Asscn~lrlfi' i s s o u ~~d c d ; but will await a sig-
ilnl from R. E., to move forrrnsd."
I t is the desire of H. E. t hat corps sl~or~lcl n~ost er to-morrow, RS
strong i ~s possil)le ; :lnd t11:lt al l porsollal gunrtls, nntl orderlies, a i d
every soldier capable of bcnring rrnls, s l ~ o ~ ~ l d join their colors, on t ho
pi*esent occnsion. I-I. E. is, also, p1e;rsed to perliiit oGccrs on t he
citrilstnff of theirrln!; whose Regts, iire i n thc field, to join then1 to-mar-
IOIF.''
'( 'l'lle C'u1n1)-colorn~eva must mni-ch on the ?.cuelase flmlr of t he renr
troop, or Colnpnny, of their respective llegts.
Tile spare nmmunitiol~,
nlid two Doolies for enell Regt., will be nllo\ved to move in t he s;rme
position."
" hledicnl officers rnnst arrnnge to carry on these Doolies tile means
i-
of affording reatly nssist:~nce; arrd tlie Supg. Surgeon will n~al re such
~lrrringements as niny nppenr t o I~iln expedient, for i~ffording relief to
indiviclunl% sent to the rear."
"Not nrl :lrticle of biggage, nnr n follower, niust be penni t t r d t o
pnss the piquets, nor to move from t he present groond, until 4 in1 l ~ o u r
iifter tlie reiir of the col u~i i ~i shull I~irve rluittctl ci~nip."
(4.9) " All Detts. OF Locel Horse now OII cluty witti tile different
Uepts., excepting the cletnil wit11 the Buggage b la star, will rejoin t hei r
stnnd:irds, nt the first trumpet, to-morrorv."
" The Infantry illust inove with forty rounds of amuiuni-
tion ill pouch, and Qr. Mrs. of corps will be held respon-
sible, tliat tlie spare alnmunition, i s kept well np with t he
column."
" The sick of corps are to be collected under a steatly
N. C. O., and t o move i n front of t he baggage; t he led-
Itorses will follow t he doolies."
cc Orders will hereirfter be given for an 'advance guard.'"
Major Garden D. Q. M. G. (Bengal) returned from a
~econnoissance to Ghuwnee. He weiit within a quirrtcr of a
mile of tlie town, and saw no armed nien near tlie place,
ancl o~i l y a few nien walking about ; nothing to itidicntc
tlie place being occupied in force. (50) Authentic (though
not officiill) ilitelligence having reaclled Lt.-Col. Wade
a t Peshawe~, of 14. M. Shah Slioojati Iiilving marched
from Cnndahar, t he Lt.-Colonel, ~rrith the Shah's son,
(Shahzada Tymoor) moved, to-clay, with tlie forcc ulidcr
liis orders, frorn Pesliawer to Jumrood, near tllc entralicc
t o the IUiylre~ Pass; in order t o move through t he Pnss
t o~var ds Cabool.
As i t was reported that Me e ~ UJxulIChan, (Dost Mal~onied's
eldest son) 1v11o had 3,000 horsemen, wits in o w neiglibour-
hood, and lilealit t o attaclr tlie ctlmp i ~ t night, (G'hup11no)
tlie whole of the troops nrerc en bivouac all light. But no
enemy apl >ei ~r ~d, mil thc otlly occurrelice lvits t he accidental
discharge of ;I nluslcet. The troops rose ul> nit11 their arllls
perfectly steady, and without firing a shot. At midnight
(LO) He took nbout 30 troopers with Itim; end leaving (as Ire
usually did) Iris party nbout ir lrlile or two behind, wcnt OII wit11 fonr
troopers up to within 4 nrilu of tho place. I t wrrs aftcrwitrtls ascer-
tained, that, Iiydcr Klrurt, t he Govr., wlra 1r;td a tclescoye ant1 snrv 11ir11
ndvi~nce, Ilad ordered ;r party to go out in 1)ursuit of nlxjor G.; but
t.lrey were too late, Major Z'unons, D. C. G. (Bengal) wllcn riding
out 011 t l ~ c evening of t he 5th July, at l ~el at - i - ~i l i l , j i e, w;rs rlonrly fall-
i l ~ g in wit11 x 1);1-rty of horsemen. 'I'he hills conccirled t l ~ern, but Brigr.
AS'COIL (4t!l L. n.) \rlIro s:rw tl~ern, so~t t some trooptlrfi t o i11terac1,t Ll ~c~t r ~
The Minarets s t (;l~ztzacc rverc visible fronr our camp a t ~\rfotrtee.
P
1 6.2 Rear Troops arrive.
Major Genl. FVillsAire7s (3rd) colunin, which h;id bccn
ordered up from the rear by express, 111ilrchcd illto camp ;
and we mere now looking forward to tlie operntio~is and the
events of the coming day.
CHAPTER IX.
-
MARCH ON ; OPERATIONS BEFORE ; AND
1. MrarcA from Nrannee to Ghuznee
The army marched from Nanncc (I) at 4h A. nr., in three
columns ; Maj. Ge~i l . WillsJ~ire, and the Boinbay column,
h:rving joinecl us last night. The artillery marched, by tlie
main rond, as the centre colurnn. The Cavalry were t he right
column, i11 colilnln of troops, right i11 front. The Infantry
fornied the left colun~n, in colu~nil of coinpanies, left in
front. The ShuKs Cavalry were to the right of all. It
was siipposed that the enemy would, if they made any
i ~t t ack on us, move froin Glluznee towards our left front;
so that tlie Infantry by being lcft in front, could easily form
to t he front. Meer U@Z ICJtan (2) was siipposed t o be i n
our ncighbourhood, and had he joined the troops iindcr his
brother IJyder I{Jian (Govr. of Qhiiznee), still the arrange-
llletits of t he Horse Artillery and Cavalry were suiktble t o
~n e e t the eileiliy. If he confined his attack t o our right
fl;cn]<, it was very easy to rneet him ill that direction ; while
attack 011 oiir reor, was the illost probable mode of
nt;tacIi on the plain. Tliere were low hills on our left, ~vhi ch
rendered an attirck froni that side in force, unlilrelp.
The
BrilisJ~ troops irmoiinted to about 8,000. (3) The Sl~ah's
( I )
Orders were given Inst night to the &I.. Giiards not to allow
njly ermetl n~rtives of the country to enter the lines; but to direct tl ~enl
to the right Ilanlc parties. It \V;IS cx])ected that parties would come
i n; m d it is usunl to apppoint n plilce i n orders, wl ~ere they are to be
tnlcen to.
(2) Dost Mirhon~cd's eldest son.
(3)
I spoi11c of the n~lntbers fit for duty alld u~ider arms, and include
the Adri~nce c~nd 1le;lr Ga~rds.
Y 3
164 Ar).ivttl near Gltuznee.
co~ltingent to about 2,000, and 14. M.'s Afghan8 t o itb011C
2,000 111e11~ i l l 1111 : L ~ U I I ~ 12,000 Inen, and nbo~i t forty gul i g of
Ivl~icli eiglitceii were I-Ior~e Artillery. Tlie Co~nr.-ill-Chief
fonned his a d ~ ~ n ~ ~ c e glliird, ;untl we inoved ofl, ill parallel
colonms, preserving such distailccs between each, as ~voul d
e~inble the troops to for~ii' to the fiSont, or to either fl:ink.
The rear guiwd (4) coi~sisted of a h u t 800 nien. Brigr.
S(c.lc (5) ivas Brigadier of tlie day ; and Major Rtzaq;ye?~(~2d
(6) Field Officer of t he day.
The country over nrhicll we n~itrcheil nms undulating, but
apen ; tliougli nre crossed some water-courses, still there nfas
notliing to ilnpede our n~ove~ncnt s, 01. prevent our acting ill
concert. Shortly after we had mnrched, me met a chief (7)
with n few followers, who had been iri t he fort of Ghuznee,
anil hnrl left i t during the ~iiglit, nrit,h the intelltion of join-
ing us. The route was nearly ill n clircct liiie all t he wz~y,
except t he last 3 or 4 nliles, 1vhe11 it turneii to the ZeSt, and
tlien t he fort of Ghuznee burst on ollr view.
I t loolied for-
inidirble mitli its fortificntioiis rising up, as it were, on t he
side of i1 Iiill, wliicli seemed to form the bi~ck grounil t o it,
towards the citatlel. We observetl as yet no hostile move-
ments. T l ~ e columns were arlvi~ncing sloivljr, but steildily,
on t he wide plai~l, aiid 110 noise mas lieartl, save that of t he
ll~oveineiit of the gf~lls, tlie distalit soi~iitl of tlie liorses' feet,
aiid t he steady t ramp of tlie Infailtry ; while, there being n
slight breeze, the distant clouds of dust indicaterl, t o those
afar off, thc ~ I ~ I P YOR C I ~ of an ariny in battle-i~rray. The
(4.)
Consisting of tlrree Cos. of Infy., one troop of Cavy., and the
wllole of tho Locnl Horse.
(5) Comg. 1st Bengnl Brig~lde.
(6) 2nd Bengal Cilvy.
(7)
A nephe~y of Dost ~1:rlloniecl's.
He nras sent to Siq* A. Bnrncs
who wns in ndvance ~ ~ i t h the Comr.-in-Clrief. Fro111 lrim they lcnrnt
that Gaol RIal~on~ed, the Ghiljie clriof, wlro hnd beer) nl:l~.cl~ing on our
right flirlilc all the wily from Cirr~diilrir~-, lint1 gone into the fort nnd left
it ngnin, but that his horses were there. Also, tlint the Goverrior
n~eant to resist, and varions otller pnrticulars. This chief said he Ilnd
not been well trentecl by his uacle.
Enemy driven out of Gardens.
165
advance of tlie ar my lvas observed by Hydn* I</~aw by iiieans
of his telescope. As soon as 11ie advnlice Iii~d arrivetl within
a nlile of t he fortress, i t was perceivetl t1i;rt prcpamtions
were being tnadc by tlie eneiny to stop our i ul ~a~t ce. (8)
The object; \\?as, tiolv, t o dislotlge the ciieiliy froin thc
villages and gardens mliicli t hey occopied close to, mitl
;rrouiid tlie fort.
2. Bncmy hsiven in-Fire rtyuiwslIkelibvt.-The lnt (Ben-
gal) Brigade of Infant ry was leading. I-I. M.'s 13t h Lt . 111fy.
were orderetl t o t he right in tlic direction of somc g:vdens
near t he fort ; tlic 16th N. 1. went l o t he left, aiid tlic 4Stli
N. I. were pushed through the centre of a village, bctwccn
tlie above corps. Tlie Li ght Compnnp of tlie (Bengal)
J3uropean Regt . was sent still more t o t l ~ c riglit, to drive
t he enenly out of a gnrden i l l t hat direction ; wliile
tlie rc~iinincler of t he Regt. was licpt ill $ distance col ~i mn,
and as tlie fire froill tlie fort was heavy, tlie men \\rere
lllade t o si t down. (9) I n t he direction t o t he lcfl tliere
was a garden within t he range of the fort, and coii~pletely
commatided by an outwork of tlie fort, about 60 yards
distant. Th e Li ght Companies of t he 16t h N. I. (Capt.
G?.aves) and of t he 48th N. I. (Lt. Van Homrigh) Illere sent
to this garden t o dislodge the enemy. They sooil succeetled
i n driving t hem from t he garden i nt o the out-work. Tile
above corps were placed in position to prevent tlie enemy
coming ont t o occupy iuly ground near the fort ; i\s well as
a support t o t h e Li ght Companies i n advance. Some
Cavalry wcre placed ill position, to prevent any attacli on the
Hor se Artillery f r om the country ileirr the gardei-rs : wllile
(8)
"Some sco11ts mere perceived to be l~nstilp evacuating solnc
walletl-gardens. 'I'he Comr.-in-Chief and staff hirving pirssed the
gardens, awaited the arrival of the troops in a position overlooking the
fort ; observing which, the enemy opcned a few guns from the wirlls and
dischnl-gingseveral mrrtch-loclts from ;L garden i n our vicinity." Cirl~t.
Orttrani, (p. 91.)-kIe mas wit11 13. E. i n advi~nce. A miln near some
fields, told us t l ~nt there were 1,000 armed men i n the place. l'lle vil-
lagers tvo met, seemecl quite at their ease.
( 9)
The rest of t he troops lccpt in colun111 rcntly to move i n rllly
directior~.
tlic 11if;uilry lwotectetl tlic gons from m y ass;riill by l)arties
iasuillg fro111 tlie fort.
The encmy, as soon as their ~inntcll-loclcmcn Ilad rclired
witllin thc out\vork, opened a. fire fronn the works wit11
their gulls. It nras desired by tlie Con~r.-in-Cliief to ascer-
tnin, wllat csl cnt of firc t he enetny coultl direct against
us froln tlie fort, and irccordingly t hc I-I. A. gulls (10) were
brought up, and placed in position as they cirunc up, cxtel.~d-
inp in a line fro111 a village on t he riglnt, to the out-work on
tlic left, and opened a fire on t he fort ~vi t h s l ~r i l p~~e l s and
shot a t aborlt tlie distance of 700 yards. The ene~ny
returned the fire, mhich 1:rsted for about 9, of ;In hour.
Therc wcrc some casualties arising from this fire ; they h:rd
got t hc range pretty accuri~tely, and coald they have sufi-
ciently depressed their guns, would have Itillecl and wonnded
many. The shots slruck close t o t he Regt. of Infy. (11)
posted betn;een i~ village and t he anglc of the fort, and many
struck tlie ground close t o the I-Iorse Artillery ; some shot
pirssing under tlie horses' bellies, and sollie rcaclling t o the
Cavalry. The position in tlie garclcn neiw t he outwork
was one of considernble danger, bcitig close t o anti ~vilhitl
ml ~sl t et shot of it ; Capt. Grcrves, 16th l3e11gal N. I. ~vtrs se-
verely \vounded, being shot through tlie shoulder iu1d Iiip ;
(12) and Lt . Van IIomrigJ~, 48th Be n g ~ l N. I. was wounded
i n tile right ann, slightly. (13) Havi ng ascertnined tlie ex-
(10) 'l'l~ere were 18 H. ti. guns, and inclutling the camel bi~ttery ol'
g-l)rs., kc. tl~ere were 30 guns en~ployed.
(11) 49th N. J.
(12)
h t one time his wound was considered to be a clangerous one.
(13)
TI~ere were one It. ant1 F. and two l~orses lcilled ; :rntl one
C;~pt., one Lt., six R. ant1 F. and five horses \vountletl. One R, and
F. irncl 1 horse n~issing-besides some tlccidents.
l' l~ere was one of the enemy \vllo kept ~noi~ntetl on tho ~)ampct of
tlie out-work, \v:rvillg his flag, n ~ l d calling out to our nlen to colrre on ;
one of our shot Icnoelted off his head, and clown went the flirg; imil the
rest becirme Inore cnntiolrs. Some onc contern1)l:rted assirulting this
out-work nt oncc; but the Co1nr.-in-Cliief wo111d ~~ot:lllo\r of sol~axarcl-
ous an attack. \Ve i~fter,v;~rtls nsccrtirined tl~nt our lil.8 h:rd coniniittetl
hirvoclc in the fort, killir~g rind wounding solne inen, : I I I ~ ir grei~t Inany
11orses.
Move t o the Calrool sicle of Fort. l(i7
tent and power of t he enemy's fire from the fort, the troops
1vcl.c ordered t o be withdrawn from ful.ther exposnre ; and
orders were give11 not to pitch t he camp till a position for
t he troops was (leternlined on. (14) MThile the troops werc
engaged, a report mas received that Meer UfzzJ IiItan ( 15)
had gone baclr, with the whole of his horse, t o attack our
baggage ; in consequence of tvllicli, tlle Wing 11. M.'s 4th
L. D. and 1st Bombay Cavalry, were sent biick to rci~iforcc
t he rear-guard ; this gave the real--guard, altogether, about
1,600 me]). (1G) The next operation was, to recolanoil~e
thc place; ii~liich Cnpts. (now Majors) G. Ti~onason
(Bengal) and A. G. Peat (Bonibay) thc chief Bngineers
iiamediately comme~lced. (17) The rcs~i l t of this yecon-
noissnnce determinet1 the Comr.-in-Chief to cl~nnge ground
t o the Cnbool (S. E.) side of the fort.
3. Move to the Cahool (S. B.) side of the fort.--'rhe D. Q.
34. G. (Major Gayden) who Ilad i~ccompaniccl the rccon-
noilri~lg party, having i.etnrncd to I'ld. Qrs. (18) the
following order was issued. G. 0. fi Thc troops mill chnngc
ground this afternoon, thc 1st trumpet to souild at threc;
and the assemblyy at 4 07clock, to sound from Ii d. Qrs."
"The Cavalry ~vi l l procecd under such directions as Maj.
Genl. Thackwell lnay think fit, trnd take up ground for tllc
(14)
This was not generally nnderstood, for nlnny tents were pitch-
ed, and many of t l ~ e camels were sont out to graze; wliicl~ turned out
t o be a very inconvenient measurc ; 1)ot tlley should not have bcon
I
sent out to any distance.
(15) Wi t h 3,000 horse. Capt. Oul~*am, p. 92, says, " Tlie Bombay
I
Cavy. :md Infy. Brigade had been halted wl ~en within about three nliles
-+ of t he fort, in order to afford protection to our rear."
(10)
See para. 1 and note 40.
(17)
See t ho Chief Engineer's report, dated 26th July, 1839, paras.
2 to 6 in this chapter. The part y consisted of a Cnmplny H. i\lI.'s 13th
Lt . Infy. (Capt. Suthm+land), :r Coy. 48th Dengal N. 1. (Lt. ~ypanlrio),
and a troop of 2nd Bengnl Lt . Cirvy. (Major Pitzger.old); :rnd not of
II. &l.'s lGt11 Lancers, a s inserted Iry nlisttrlte in Sir J. Ifcane's Desp~rtch,
of the 126tl1 July, 1839, panr. 6, in this chapter: one European ltillctl
and one mnn wounded.
(18) They had been establisl~ed in :r gnrden beyond t l ~ c \village
i nwrr t he fort.
\ ~I I o I c of llle Lroops, Tlic D. 61. M. G. (10) will accolilpaliy
t he Cavulry." (20)
Tlic Maj. Genls. Comg. the Divisions of Infantry,
will make a corresponding movemcnt, iuid will cross thc
river at srlcli points as inay be indicated by the Ofi cers
of tlie Qr. Mr. Genl . ' ~ Dept. attached t o their respective
Divisions." (21)
" I11 illalti~ig the change of position, care ~ni i st be ti\be~i
to keep t he troops out of$re from the fort."
"The Artillery, and tlie mliole of the Parlr establisllinenl
will follow the Cavi~lry."
" A stroiig Rear-gz~ard, co~isisting of a Regl. of Infy.
(22) and the ~vliole of tlic Loci11 Ilorse, will form i n rear
of tlie ceiltrc of thc present encninpmcnt, and will niovc
under t he orders of tlie Brigadier of the day, (23) ~ v h o
will make suit.nble arrnligeme~its for the protection of tlie
baggage." (24)
" Parties of l'io~leers must be attached to each of tlie
colunins, and the sitppers mill niove with the P;A"
'' Two Cos. of Infruitry from tlic 1st Division will also
lllarch wit11 the Park, and be prepared lo aid in cot~rleyi~ig
t he ordnance across tlie river."
' < Orders for the for~nntioii of the picquets, itiicl for tile
protection of tlie camp througl~out tlic night, will bc licre-
after issued." (25)
(19) Mnj. Gnrden,
(20)
Th e Cavy. and Arty. formed t he colunln moving to tllc yigllt
by the nearest ro~rte. l' lie 19th Bombay N. I.. inoved wit11 tlieln.
(21) Tlie Infantry and the (Bsrigal) Comsst. cattle, moved by the
route vhicli lay to the left.
(22) The 48th N. I. and 4th Locnl I-Iorse.
(B) Brigr. Sale.
(24) Tlle baggngc of eacll colunln nlnrcllod with it.
(26) " Iteturns of tlie nctual nunibor of 11.
and I?. wliicl~ n ~ a ~ ~ c l ~ s d
with each clivisiori of Cavy. and Infy., ;rnd of tlie At t y. and snppers
tllismorning, tto bo sent, sitttout del:~); to tlie 1). A. G. ; nnd nominal
mu6 of this day's casualties among tlle Comfisd. oficors, and n~inicricnl
roturns of those of tho men nnd horses, to be sent, as soon as tlicy cirri
be prcparod, t o the same sothority."
Mn~cl b l o Cuhook side. 169
As i t lvitx report ed that Dos t M;rIiomed Rl i ; ~n, harl
ninrclietl froui Cnbool towat.cls Gl ~nzri ee, (26) i t was inl-
port al i t to ninke a lilove tom;rrc!s tlic C:rl)ool rond, t o
preveii1 ei ~l i er Dos t hfirliolnctl, or his son, Mccr Ufzul I<lliui,
1)1ishing illto i t ; or rcil~forcelnellts, or :rliy p;u.ties gc t t i t ~g
illto t he plz~ce. Tllc SltnA tool< a (litrerent view of t he cnsc;
Iie tllouglil tliat, i n our peculi;ir situation, nre could ]lot
tillre llle pl ace wi t h our pr es el ~t ordl i ~rl i cc; (27) ilnd hi!;
;rdvicc was, to leiwe tlie fort behilid :nit1 ii~nrcli 011 for
Cnbool : but bet t er j udges hat1 tletcrminetl otlicr\vise ; ant1
we mere now t o lilovc to l he Cab001 sitlc.
4. Mamh i n tzuo COIU?YL?ZS to t he Cabool si(1e.-The t roops
marched in t mo col ul nns t o tirke 11p a ~l cl v caiilp on t he
s i de o l t he fort rvlii~11 comnlandcrl t he C;rbool gate, and t he
rond t o Cnbool. 'l'hurj we were g;tilling 1200 points of grent
(26)
Capt. Outram, p. 90, says, '' I t was confidontlg st:rted that
Uost b,I;rl~omed Bl~an, Iiiniself, niirrclied on tlie 16th (Juljl)." Tl ~c dis-
ti~nce is 88 r~iiles (we mnde seven mnl-cI)es) and by reguln~. ninrches he
~vo~i l d have reached Gliurriee on the 2211~1 (next tli~y), ant1 ils this tl:~?
(fllst) lie wo~iltl liave bee11 witl~in one 1nnrc11, ant1 \r~oulil J~ave lieart1
tlie firing, he would, i t was to be snpposed, push on; so that there
was n great object in not delaying in changing grollnd. As in 183.1.,
Ilost bl;il~oniecl liad moved From CnbooI to defe~id Cnntlnlinr against
t11e Sh:rh, the presunij)tio~is were in favor of his ~narcli to Gl~u./,nee. \Ire
Itnew, fro111 Dost ~Iirho~ned' s own iiepllew, that two of tllc tl~ree g:~tes
were bloclietl up, nnd i t was irrgtlctl by sowe, that the sudtlcn niora-
merit to t l ~e CuBooL gi~te, \vl~iclr was si~itl not to be built I I ~ , wolrltl put
the eneruy on tlieir guirriI; ant1 ciil~so tla(~l girte also to be secured.
Cl'l~ereis, by a mardr in the morning, it \ro11lt1 not irl)pe:rr so suspici-
,.
ous. 1 11e ~novement \\,,as it tlelicnte one, being n lii;~rcl~ in l\ro col i i n~~~s
. by tmo rlifferent routes ; For it involved a night nlarch for the rear i~nd
ruucl~ of tlie baggage, if not for the trool)s, :IS we were not to rnnrci~
till four in t l ~e :rfternooii ; nnd the route for botl~ colun~r~s co111tl not be
well ~t nonl ~. 'L'lle march in two colu~~ins woulcl, i t was po~iclutletl, cs-
p ~ l i t e the moven~ents, but then there were two colunins of baggi~ge
to protect, ;rnd me could not protect that of the colnniti oil the right.
'1'11e 111:rrch of t l ~e bng.gage itt irll, ttiirt ~iiglil;, was i~iconveniciit; iintl
I ,
gitined 110 time by it.
(e7)
'I'l~e king said "I Itnow well tliat, if you ctin ouce bre;rcli the
l~l;ice, the fort will be cerk~inly yours; but 1 ci~li~lot understiuid hole
yoti iire to gut into tlie fort."
z
momcnt ; b ~ ~ t , IBC, illso, hilt1 ;L t7hil.d point,-to prolect tIlc
rent mliile we nrerc uncertain as t o the moven~ent s of Jf,w
Ufzul IiIun. Tl i e troops of the left column did not alarcll
till neitr G 1.. $1. The rigl~t colunili nlarched earlier.
The
trool)sanrrived a t t hei r new position late i ~ t night, but the
bnggrrge and r ear - gua~d mere not so fortunate. (28) The
rear-guard (20) did not leave till the moo11 bad risen; i t
was twelve days old. Wlleii we had ~narcllecl about four
miles on t he road, nearly the same as that by wllicli me had
adriu~ced i n t he morning, we were obliged to move slo.trrly
on acco~ul t of the rear camels. (30) A Wi ng of t he 48t h
N. I. mas, therefore, ordered t o niolTe on to overtalie t he
baggage on a-head, tvhich i t did i n the course of :F an hour.
We found tliat t he people in advance had lost tlie road ;
this was about 10 o'clock ilt night. MTe found camels,
bullocks, haclteries, (carts,) guards, it11 jammed up together.
People were sent t o discover t he road, but i t could not be
fouad ; t he nioon went tlom~l a t itbout 4 past 12, and we
could do nothing more tllan wait for the rear party, and
tlien 11l;lke t he bcst luilitary disposition of our forces we
could ; (31) but, i t mas dark, and me could not well have
protected such a nuniber of cattle and baggage had me been
nttacked. We, therefore, mere necessitated to bivouac till
day-light shoultl show us t he road t o camp. (32) We
(28) The orders were out late, as it mas not decitied till late in the
nftcrnoon (3 P. DI.) how we were to move. Some crimels had gone to
gmze nnd did not come in till nenr sunset, and the rear guard co111d
not move till all tlie baggage was off the ground.
(29) I was wit11 it, and my Regt. 4,Rtli N. I.
(30) A Wi ng of the 48tl1 N. I. and the Local Horse remninod un-
der the Urigr. of the day, to bring 11p tlie rear, and Ile sent tlie other
Wing under Major Thon~as on in advance, to overtaice the baggage
inndvr~nce; as tl~elnoon Iind risen, and a stronger pwty than they llnd
with them wits deemed necessary.
(31) Throwing o u t flriiiking p;irties in different directions.
(32) An officer of the Qr. Mr. Genl.'s Dept. at about 2 A. 31, finding
rs hrd not arrived, came to us ; he liiid to cross over to our right fl-oin
the hills new the fort ; irntler these liiils runs the river wliich was to
be crossed, RS well as about 10 or 12 canals ~vllich rcln between us anti
tllo rivor, (by t he route lie came,) an operation which caused nitrny
camels to fiJ1 in daylight.
To Cnbool side of Gl~uznee.
171
heard all iiight a firing of nli~tchlocks and wall pieces from
the fort, nbout every five minutcs, as if the enemy mere
firing at pcrsoils approaching the walls, or ditch. (33)
This firing laatcd till day-light: iiothing else occ~lrrerl
during the night, escept soine blue lights were exhibiter1 in
the fort, and signnl liglits were observcd in tlie liills. At cZu?/-
bveakc, me co~iiineiiced pushing oil the baggage to camp. At
su?b-?.ise LL. Keane, A. D. C. to tllc Colnr.-in-Chief calnc
across to Brigr. Srrle, Comg. the Rear-guard, :u~d said that 11.
E. llarl perceived pi~rlies of the enenly's horse (34) mo\/ing
towards the baggage, iind t l i i ~t 11e had ortlered n 1Eegt. of
Cavalry to come and join the rei~r-guiircl~ Lt. K. desircd
t he Brigr. t o accompiuiy him t o thc Coinr.-in-Chief who
~visllecl to spenli to hini. (35) Brigr. Sale therefore, 111iule
over the coininand to Lt.-@ol. FVI~eeler, wlio toolr prompt
and jnclicious nlcasures for sending on the baggage to ca~up.
(36) The whole of the baggage did noL reiich camp till
w
near 12 A. M, on the ~norni ng of tlic 2211d July.
T l ~ e route of the ZeYf l coluilln ~vascircaitous, and whea al ~out
l ~i ~l f way was parallel t o the river, i ~bout 14 illilcs distant ;
tllen ~ n o v i ~ ~ g a illile on from our Mvounc we caliie to a village
~vlience the road turned to the right, crossi~ig two stre;uns
(33)
T l ~ e rcnr gu:rind sul)pose(I t l ~ey were firing nt nrorliing par-
ties. I t was by sonle t l ~ol ~ght t l ~n t the erletily were Itceping 111) a fire
t o convince 11s thirt they \\,ere on the al ert ; :md t hat t11cy ~liiglit, d11r-
ing the confnsio~i of our troops moving, tirlte t he appor t u~~i t y ol' esc:ql-
ing from t he fort by the Ilills, after t l ~ e inooll lind gone dott.11. In cnmy
they thought they were firing on the reitr gu:~rd.
P
(3.b)
Must 11;rve I~een &leer DPLLII I(hnr~. At d:ry-break me perceived
p:rrties of eight or ten horsemen to our left irbol~t throe or folir miles otf,
on soine rising gr o~i l ~d, \vntching us ; irntl irt sun-rise nvo I~enrd t he
firing of ni:rtcl~loclcs neilr our rear, but we sirw no mcii.
(38)
This was regarding t he proliosed :~tt;rclt on Ghlr~liee.
(3G) A portion of t l ~ c b:~gg;~ge was sent in succession, wit11 n snit-
able guard, by which means all confusio~l wlrs ;r\'oitled.
Th e Lt. -Co-
lone1 seeing nll well :~cl.oss the ri\ler, ~noved mith his rear Dett. direct-
l y iicross to t he river ; tllrls moving ou tlic centre of t he line or 1)ilg-
gage. li llegt. of olir Cil\fy. (a,ld I~engiil) ~iioving to\rirrds 11s.
,
z 2
.Ilc%(t!j b eflecting i i .
of tllc rivela ; t hen t n r ~ ~ i n g t o tlic ri ght tlie road r a n parirllcl
tllc rivel. ; ;old a t r ~ r r ~ t o t he l eft up t he I~ills, and nnot l l er t o
tile riglit bro~i gl i t 11s t o camp. Th e rout e of t he ~ i g l ~ t co-
lllmll, \ivitll which t l ~ c Coii1r.-in-Chief mcnt, ~vi rs n movement
t o its right, and the11 t ur r ~ed u p t he left.
Tlie 7-igAt column did not reach i t s ground till 1 0 o'clocl<,
tire left column, n o t till 12 o'clock a t ni ght of tllc 21st
J111y ; and t l ~ e t roops lint1 to bivozluc till l i ekt moni i ng ; n o t
a si r~gl e t ent up till aft cr s r ~r ~r i s e i11 t he left column. T h c
tlistill~ce marched by tlie left col nmn must linve been nil16
miles ; t hat by t he right col umn less. (37) The posi t i on of
t he rear guirrd nt tlie bivouuc was about one and a 11:rlf nlilc
ill re;w of tlie hills, wliicli divided us nt nearly cqual di st i u~ces
fro111 orir new cnllip ; par t of which ralige of hills conirilnnrl-
ed tlie cittrdel : illid bet ween t he range ancl our Bivo~iuc r a n
t l i e river, and, besides, t en. or twelve canirls. Th e r out e of
t he ~ ' i g l ~ t col ~i mn wns across t he river, and t hen t urned t o
tllc l$t ; b r ~ t tlicy had no hi l l s t o cross. (38)
5. B21ad .Jt~l!j. Ey~el n?~ wear crimp.-At day-breirk 2-1. X.
t l ~ e Comr.-in-Chief, accompani ed by tlie Engiiieers, proceed-
(37)
Tltouglt they nrovetl I~cfore the left colt~mn, the gl ~ns det:iined
tl~em ; so tl~;it this route rnny not I~nve been :~bove t\vo miles less than
. t11;1t of the left.
(38) l' lru n~itrcll of tile C:~v;~lry and Artillery by the right, saved
t l ~ e ilrterruption nntl i~~con\venience ci~tsed by crossing l~ills, pnrticu-
1;11*ly i n tile night.
\Ifl~ile it w i ~ s tlesi~.i~l)le to occ111)y the Ci~bool rond withoot loss of tin~c,
still mucll cortr~~sior~ wonltl hirve becn save11 hi~d about 6 or 7,000 nlerl
\%,it11 the puincil);ll piirt of the guns, been sent to the C:rbool roiid, the
troops being o~dered to biriottrte there in position, nntl the \vllole of
the 11:1ggt,ne and Comsst. stores been collectctl : I I I ~ pirrkccl i n coinpnct
order, gnardcd by the rest c:f the troops and sonte grtns ; thus, by 111:lrclt-
ingat rlny-brcnlz, the wholu of the Li~gg;~ge ~roultl Ili~ve been :rs e:irly
ilr camp. For, besides 171c1:1. UJ3til Klrri~~'s 5,000 ltorse (the number
stated I)y Hyder Icl~nn) 11:ltl the cnelny made a. so~t i e from the fort,
OIIC bi~ggagc nlust have suffeivd dreadf~~lly. If 1lIeo. U'kr11 Jfitriu had
a~tnally gone to\rartls the Cillrool rontl, n less force might h:rve been
l'ecl~~ired on the groltntl the troops were lenvirlg; but \re hirrl to glrard
:lgninst tlre chhnce of R mylie, nrtd to protect the baggi~ge.
l %e Enemy nerw Camp.
t'd to the llcigllts of Bullal, on the right of camp to t he N.
Ron1 ~vliich a good vicw was obtained of the E. face of the
fort, mllerc the attack \\.as t o be intiile ; (39) and confirmctl
in the opinion formctl before, hc then resolvcd to blow ope11
t he gate aiitl storill the place. Th e Eugineers 11;ltl now
made further observations as to t he 11ntrn-c of the worlts,
and tlie position of the gate-way. (40) Prepara~i ons wcre,
therefore, promptly i ~l ade for tlic assault next inornillp; t o
be by a fi~lsc attack t o divert thr. ntlention of tllc cnemy,
~vhi l e the gatc was being blown opc~l .
Atlack ?Lea?. S'Aal~'s Can?p.--The e~~emy' s cavalry under
Mcer Uf>ul Iilran were saitl to har e heeii joined by about
3,000 liorsenien under thc clisnlTect.ed Ghi l j i ~ cl~iefs (41) nllcl
n7cre v~niting for an opportuility t o fill1 upon our cnnlp. At
about 11 -4, sr. tlle llills to thc S. of c:lmp were observed
t o be croivneil with i ~ui i i ero~i s bodies of horse iuirl foot, dis-
playing their standnrds. A11d ns t he Sli:~l~'s troops werc in
t hi s direction, i t wiis supposetl t l ~ c attirck wirs i n~ended t o be
made on his camp. (42) Some of R. M.'s guns, tlie whole
of his cavidry, supported by the Lluicers, and :\ Regt. of
13engi~1 Cavy., imilletlintrly ~lloved out, and the enemy who
had descended into the plirins being li-ret by a gallant charge
of the S1ia1iys horse under Lt. P. Nicolson (43) wcre com-
pclled to reascend tlie I~eights. Capt. Ou l ~a m (44) moved
(39)
Prom t l ~eso l ~e i gl ~t s 11e could ol~serve the horsemen going to-
li'nrcls the l~irggnge.
(MI)
'l'lle Engineers had tlre di ~y before observed the position of
tile grte-way ; but on n closer es:~n~ira;rtion, nftercv:trds, A'I~ijor Thorn-
sou ctlme to t he conclusion that the gnte \r:ls not bloclted up ; for i ~ t
considernble risk, 11e got iIS n e w it nu hc could undiscovered, and 01,-
served people colnil~g :.out itt dusk, wl~ich si~tisfietl f ~i m tllat there must
be :r gate, or nicltet, by wllicl~ ;in errtritnce w;rs to bc obti~ined. T l ~ e
Lt. Coy. (1st) Euru. Regt , were orkt reconnoitring 011 tho ~ 2 n d July.
((1.1) 'I'l~is would rntrlte the above force irbont 6,000.
(.1.2) I t is s;rid they wanted to seize I ~i s person.
(43) 28th Bengnl N. I.
( t 1, L) 23rd Borrrbi~y N, I. A. D. C.
174 Ordevs for Ihc Attnclc
~vi t h n party t o t l ~c rear round by the hills, ~vliere he postect
then^ to cut off t l ~ei r retreat ; buL tlie enemy zrscended
l ~ci gl ~t s beyond the reach of our horse. Cnpt. 0. then re-
turned iiilcl i~c~011111allied the Shah's infantry and inatcl<-lock-
mell, nrho Followed the enemy iind, killing t hc standard-
be;~rer, t he Iloly-Banner (45) was cnptureil. They then fled
wit11 precipitation. There were 20 killed aucl wounded of
t he Sl~ah' s troops : aud the cnemy hncl 30 or 40 killed
mt l ~vouncled, and 50 prisoners. Capt. OU~ Y ~ ? I L exerted him-
self very much on tliis occasioll ; and was very actively cm-
plojred on the previous day.
6. Orders JOY 2 1 ~ ~ attack of Gl~us?iee.-G, 0. C. C. I-Id.
Qrs. ciunp before Gliuxnee, 22nd July, 1839. ' <The follow-
i ng ~novenletlts are directed for to-morrow. At 12 o'clock
P. 31. tlle a~til2ery will coinnlellce moving tocvnrcls t he
fort, and the Batteries will follow ei~ch other, in succession
a t t l ~ e disc re ti or^ of t he Brigr. Comg. The p n s must be
placed in the no st favorable positions, with the ?*igltl above
t l ~ e villngc on the liill N. X. of the fortress, i u ~d their Zcft
ianougst t he gardens on t l ~e Cabool ro;rrl. They must all be
i n po"itioi1 before day-light, and as i11 the progress down,
they cnll11oL i~void b e i q l~eard, nl ~d firecl upon, thcy shoultl
nialce a ~ c t u ~ n , sulficie~lt to attract the enemy's at t e~l t i o~l
fro111 the gate-wiry, iibout 3 A. nl."
2.
"Tlie 1st Battery will be accomp:ulicd by the sap-
pers and n~i ne~s, sill1 I)y six Cos. of N. I. frorn tlle 1st Di-
vision; (46) four of these Cos. are intended to close t he
yardens 011 t he left of the road, and to support t he sappers ;
and the o tller t wo Cos. will be formed on tlle ~iglit of t hc
atillcry for t hc protection of t hat Hank."
(45) Tliis was n green and white fli~g. The a'Ial~omedan Iligl~ priest
had preeclled n religious w:ir agilir~st the British, nntl lliid collected a
number of fi~natics. 'Tile Glliljic chief, the lendcr of this nrnmp, sur-
ronderetl llinmself t o Cal~t. Outrci),~ on tlie %tli Sept. 1839, on t l ~ c occil-
sion of the operations against the Gl~i!jie chiefs between Cnbool arid
Canclahar. The fntlier-in-law of Dost, h,Iahomcd was killed in tlre
skirmish of tllc 98nd Jtily.
('16) 36th Bengnl N. I.
3.
" The storming part y will be widcr tlic co~iirnarld of
Brigr. Sale, C. B., :ind will be co~nposed as follows ; vir.
Tlie advance to corisist of tlie Light Cos. of 11. M.'s 2nd
a d 17th Regts. ; of t l ~e (47) Enropean Regt., and of i i f l d t
Coy. of 1-1. 34. 13th Lt. Infy.-under tllc c o n m d of Lt.-
Col. Dewlie, C . B."
4. C( Tlie main cokimn will consist of 11. h'I.'s 2nd Itcgt.
of foot, of the (47) l3urope:ui Regt., with the reniaindcr of
&I. hiI.'s 13th Lt. Ii1fy. foiq~ned as skit*mishers on the h d r s ;
the latter will push into the fort with the rear of t l ~c main-
colunin. 13. M.'s 17th Regt. mill be forinetl in support, and
will follow the storming part y into tlic \vorks."
5. CC The whole niust quit their respective encampiiients
in column of Coiiipaiiies, a t dist;uice, ~ i g h t in front, so
as to ensore their arrival a t the place ikppointed for tlie
liencleavous, by 2 o'clock (A. nr.)"
6. CC Officers from I-I. M.'s 2114 and 17th Regls. and
(47) European Regt. to be sent to Brigr. Sale's cainp this
afternoon at G o'clock, for the purpose of Ilaving the place
of assembly pointed oat to them."
7.
L C At ;t past 12 o'clock, the Cos. of the 13th Lt . Infqr.
intended to act as skirmishers, will move up to cover, in
front of the gateway, and be ready to keep down any fire
on the party of Ej8ginews who proceed to blow it open; this
last party will move up to the gateway, before day-break,
followed, slowly and at soine distnnce, by the Assaulting
colnmn."
8.
cC On the chief Engineer finding the opening practi-
cable, he will have the aclvawx soiinded, for tlie column to
pus11 011; when the Head of the column has passed the
yateway, a signal must be made for the Artillery to turn
their fire, from the walls of the town, on t he Citadel. The
nature of tlle signal to be arrtrnged by Brig. Stevenson.)'
9.
CC At 12 o'clock P. M. 3 Cos. of Na~i ve Infy. (48) mill
quit caiiip a i d inove round the gardens on the S. of the
(4.7) 1st Reng;d.
(,bS) 35th Uengel N. I , under late C;I$ J. IIay.
tonrll, ~vllcre they will establisli tl~elnsclves ; 2nd about 3
A, nr. open it lirc lip011 t he place, for tlie purpose of dislritct-
ing tlic i~tte~btioll of t he garrison."
10.
'L Tlie l af nnt r y of tlie Division not warned for dlit,y
i n tlie foregoing par t of t hi s Ortler, will be fori ned ns a.
Reserue,' i ~ n d will be under tlie personal command of Maj.
Gcnl . S ~ T JV. Cotton."
11. " X Regt. of Cavy. (49) will qui t cai np a t 152 o'clocli
P. nr., and will move towards t he soutliern face of t hc For l ,
t o c ut off iuiy partics mal<ing t hei r escape from t he Fort."
12. " Tliese movcment s i i ~u s t be made ~vi t hont t he s ound
of B?cyle, or Truml~ct. The r ei l l ai i ~de~ of tlie Caval ry will
b e employed in observation 011 t he Cubool ~ o u d , lurid in sucl l
lllanilcr as tlie Maj . Genl. Comg. may t hi ~l l i t he best cal-
cul at ed to preveiit tlie operations before t he Fort , f r om bei ng
i nt er r upt ed; and for t h e protection of tile camp." (50)
13. 6C Tlie canzp guurlls of t he Infilntry must; cont i nue
at tlieir Posts, but i t i s espect ed t hat corps wilt ~nust er , o n
t h e present occasion, as st rong as possible; (51) etrch Cavy.
(19) 3rd Bengal Cavy.
(50)
C!i~vy. D. 0. 22nJ July, 1830. ''11 R~gt . of Native Cavy. (3rd
Beng") will quit camp ;it 12 o'clocli to-night, anti move towards the
~outtrern firco of the fort, to cot oR'irny ptrrties ~r~irking their escnpc
fro", it. Tlie Regt. to assenible ;r~icl move off' without the sound of
trumpet. A gaide will me frn.nin11etl by the A. Q. M. C. of Ctrvy."
cC'l'lre renininder of the Cilvalry tvill bc for~ned i r ~ colutnn of troops,
right in front, on the Cub001 ?.on(!, in rear of tlre Conir.-in-Cliiefs cnml,,
a t 3 P. JI., to turn out ant1 form \ritl~out tho sound of trumpet."
l'lie Regts, to turn out ns strong as possible.
Suffieirr~t grmrds
for its protection to be left in cilmp, 11po11 wlricl~ duty the disnzountcd nren
can be ernployecl. Corng. officers of Regts. to bo provided with slatcs'
showing the number of officers, N. C. 0. and rank and file, ~tlounted in
tlie field."
"Tho 2nd Light Ctrlfy. (Bengnl) will rernnin OII the prunc?nt gronntl
and I)e formed on this side of the fort ; tletacliiag one stluaclron to tile
pear, for the protection of the cirnil~."
(61) All tlre sick in hospiti~l, c;rpable of doing any duty, were ~ o t on
the inferior camp guards ; it \isits found difficult to keep tlre men in 110s-
pitill, they all dosired to go.
Assault on Ghunlce. 177
officer to be provided with i\ retnian, showing t he exact nulu-
ber of Cominissionetl, N. C. O., and Rank and File under
arms with his Regt."
14. " Suptg. Surgeons mill arrirl-rge for having a portion
of their Field Hospiti~l Establishunelits, in the vicinity of t he
Batteries; but i n ;I hollow of the inoantain, alld o u t of
range of fire."
15. c C The A. Q. M. G. of cavalry antl i nfi ~nt ry will fill.-
nish guides t o t he detachments from their respective divi-
sions, proceetling to t he S. of the town."
N. B. "This ortler to be consitleretl strictly conjidential
for this night, al ~t l only such portions of it t o be co~iiniuoi-
cated to the troops, as nlay I)e ;tbsolotely necessilry t o ensure
compliii~ice with its various provisions."
7. The As s a d t on Ghuznee, (23rtl July, 1839.)-1. Tlie
ortlers \Irere duly explained by Urigr. Sal e (52) to the seve-
ral officers Coing. corps (53) as well as to Lt.-Col. Dennie
Comg. the c6 cadvorace," t he evening before tlie assault. Tl ~es e
ordern were for tlie " advance," on the sountling t he " ad-
vance," the signal agreed 011, t o push i r ~ t o tlie gate-tvity. The
Nst ormi ng party" to follow, and on e~lterilig the fort H.
M.'s 2nd Foot, and (1st) Beng;tl European Regt. t o t akc
the roird to the l ef l leading into the town. H. X J s 13th and
17th Regts. t o take t he road t o the ~i yi at l eadi ~l g up to tlie
citadel. The troops colnposiog the above parties, were
ordered to lei~ve camp (54) a little after 2 A. nf. Tlie nrtil-
( 52)
See No. G, of Para. 6.
(53)
'They were exl)loined I)y Corng. officers to their 211d i ~ r Coni-
mand, that they might ltr~orv 11ow to nct in case of the tleatl~, k c . of t he
Comg. oliicer.
( 58)
l ' he ciuny was fncing the l1i11s which run in n cont i r~~~rrt i on of
the l ~ei gl ~t s from t he village of Bullnl close to the fort.
Pirrt of t he
i ~~f i t i ~t r y were on the right, on rising yroul~tl resting neilr these hills.
l' he IVest of the infantry were on t he left (the artillery being in t he
centre)-on the left of t he infantry were the C' ; ~v~l r y ; i111d t hen cnrne
the SI~RII'S cnnip. 'I'l~e Con1r.-in-Chief's c~lrnp was in retw of ii garden
in \r,hich t l ~e r e is the tomb of the late Vizier, Ful l en 117hul ~. 'I'l~tl cnrnp
representetl n curved-line. The r.ight was nhout one ~ n d hiilf mile fl-o~n
the fort. T11e left W:IR newer, and solno sl ~ot s b o n ~ t he enemy's 68-pr.
came illto the Cl~valry-can~p, end killed ;I horse, antl rvounded others.
2 A
lrry, El l gi ~~eer s , and sappers and niiners, and tlie party
for t he Crfnlse nltack" lilovetl previously, wit11 thei~. supports,
to tlleir i ~ s s i ~ ~ ~ e d positiolis.
2.-Proui t he right of the camp to the fort the distnuce
was one and half n-rile ; between this i u ~d i n a (1il.ecl;
7
line, t here ilre two lofty mitiarets, ~vl ~i ch lie perpendicl~lar
to the gate-way, so that the troops fro~u tlie ~ i g l ~ l , marehecl
striliglit do~vn upon them ; while those OI I tlie left, ei~sily
niovecl into t he road by crossil~g into it fro111 cii~ap, by a
direct roilte t o t l ~ci r front. The wi l d was cold, a ~ ~ d tlie
tetnpernture about 56'. (55)
As t he troops were corning i nt o position there wns no
sign of any one being in the fort, fro111 the deiid silence
observed ; nor was ;I shot fired by the enemy.
Some
t hought t he place was evacuated.
The guns of the Ilorse Arty. and of the Ligltt Fieltl
Batteries being alrearly placed in positio~i, by Lts. St urt
ti,
and Alzderson, (Bengal) Eogineers, to the right a i d left,
co~nmandi l l g a Gre or1 the gate-way, ;itid 011 t l ~e eastern fitce
of t he fort ; iltld 14. M.'s 13th Lt . I~lfy. being e~nployed as
~ki m~~i s l i er s , on ei~ch side of the gate, iuitl H. M. 17th foot,
on the 1.iglit of the gate-way ;IS ii C' s l q~~~or l , " the troops
all being i n position ; tlie nttiiclt coni~iiencctl by a fire fl.ol11
tlie c c false attack," \vliich had bc*en placed to t he S. of tile
fort.
3.-The Erigi~ieers Illen prnceetletl, with tlie c C e,.cplosion
party'' t o t he gate-way, for t he purpose of blowing i t open,
untler a liei~vy fire ; iit length t he gate \viu blow11 open.
The explosion was hean1 by nearly all. The Artillcry r~ol v
opened their fire, rnbel~ blue-lights itppeared all roulld the P
walls, ~vl ~i ch gnve o u ~ party a view of the place. TIle
object was for tlie guns to play 011 tlie works ; and as soon as
the signal was given for t he uduance, to fire on the citadel.
The signal being given, the Cc ntlvancc" n~ovctl forward under .I.I
Lt.-Col. Dennie, acco~llpanied by Lt . Stzcrt, Bengnl Ellgi-
neers, (56) when tlie wlbole of the troops gnve three clteers.
( 65)
Within three days of the full of the moon,
(66)
The snrne officer who distinguisl~ed Ilimuelf at Pooahoot on tho
-
19tl1 Jan. 1810.
IVl ~en t l ~ c " advance " nioved formitrd, i t \vils abo~i t 100
y i d s in frolit of tlie " storming a r t Before tlie ad-
vance got tlirough tlie gate-way, the enelliy ndva~~cet l sivorcl
in 11and i ~nd opposetl tlie adviu~ce, ri11c1 while r cpul s i ~~g tlie
ARyl~ans, nncl by this detentio~i tlie r(stormingparty" under
Brigr. Sale hiid closed up. The eliellly being driven back,
the crarlvance" charged i~gitin into tlie gi i t e-i ~; ~y. (57) Tliey
soon got in, a ~ ~ t l then con~mcnced n r:ipidjle $ring. On
the " advance" get t i i ~g illto tlie fort (58) the enemy made ;i
rush on the reilr of the party on both flitlik~, i vol i ~i di ~~g
Lts. Broadfool, llfqr/nay, i~lid TV. I<. Hasle~ooodof the Light
Coy. (!st) Bengal Enropei u~ Regt. and thirty men. (59)
Lt . Huslewood shot the first nian mlio att:icBed I~i m, n~itl tlie
tjccond, ivho hi ~d cut l i i ~l l doiv11, was rt111 f hr o~~gl i tlie body
mitli a bayonet by n nlali of his co~~i pany 11an1ed cc Kelly ;"
and thus his life mas saved. (60) The c ( ad,unnce" I~nving
entered the body of the place, pushed through into tlie
town ; and the11 took the road to the righl.
4.-The cC s t omi ng party" under Brigr. Sale, while tlie
above was going on, were exposed to a severe fire, and even
when the (cadvancc" had entered, tlie eneniy made a rush
and attaclted the head of the main cokmn, which when
repulsed, tlie Brigadier pushed in and nras wounded in t l ~ c
giite-way. (61) H. M.'s 2nd foot now were ~iloving illto
(57) The Axqimncr hiid swortls nnd sl~ields, and received tlie bayonets
on the111 in t he rushes they macle nt vrriuus times; and cut at their
enenly o v s ~ slid under their sl~ields !
(58) The gnte-wily siis about I50 feet long and about 20 feet wi L.
About I~al f way i t turned tu tile rigid.; so that no otie could see through
tile whole distance.
(59)
I don't Itnow t he names of t he officers, or n~lmber of men be-
1011ging to the ot l ~er Lt. Cos.; but the chief loss was on t he rear of the
Iiccdcunce," I I I I ~ front of the f'slarntingpcoly."
(60) Lt. Husl ewd is very anxious toscrve this man, and I hope Ids
recomn~endation will be ;ittended to.
(GI) The gat e- my wi~s so completrly strewed with fallen timbers,
that it was tlifficult to ~s~i~llc througli i t wi t l i o~~t any opposition ! 'rho
Brigadier on b e i ~ ~ g wou~~ded fell alnorlg the tin~hers and ruhbislt, n~t d
2 a 2
180 The Slo,*ming of Glrzlrnee.
t he fort, h i t t hc t r oops mere obliged t o mose slolvly, and as
t]le cent re squilre of the fort mas riot o111g not ext easi re,
],,lt cron~t l ed with t h e enemy, tlie Bengal Europeau Regt,.
was delilyed out si de f or sometime, On each side of t he girte-
ncay a r e bilstions, loop-holed, ;uicl here t hi s Ilcgt. l osl lrlost
of t hei r men, nnd al l its officers were here ~rrountled, except;
7
Maj or (now Lt.-Col.) Waq.rc?1, and Lt . Husleu~ood, owing
to t he cross-fire f r om t he bnstiolis irlicl p i ~ ~ p e t s . As soon
as tlle stovming ppn~ty had \veil eilteretl t he cent re square,
t he el i emy r ushed up t he ritmps t o t he citadel, (62) and for
t he houses i n t he streets. The rampart s were crowdcd
with A$~/i(jns.
5.-The 2 n d Queen's a nd t he Bengal Ewopcan Regt.,
\
agreeabl y t o t he or der s giverl, pushed i nt o tlie town, t o t he
IcJlt. T h e or der s mere t o keep t he men well liuggerl to
t he houses, s o a s t o face t he ranl part s ancl obtain a fire on
t hem, wi t hout sufferi ~i g fro111 t hei r rear. Thi s order was
st ri ct l y obeyed. Thc st reet s were found empt y ; but the
S.
Afghans crowded t l i e tops of the houses, firing ;it tlie t roops
as t hey ad~l i ui ced ; b u t never cilme i r ~t o t he streets.
Th e advnnce of the storrni?~,y p a ~ t g , having all entered, H.
M.'s 13th Lt . I@g., which liirtl beet1 skirmislaing outside, and
11. 'I.M.'s 17th foot ( t he (( sz~yport") follorretl illto t he fort ;
and t hey, accordi ng to orclers, oil get t i ng into t he squarc,
called out to Capt. Kershaw to run the man throngh, while he (BI-igr.)
seized the sword of the man a110 cut him down, with hi s left 11and ; I I I I ~
getting up, cut his enemy right through his Ileatl, (see Parn. 8 of the
despi~t" 24th July, 1839.) i b
( 62)
As yo11 entered the fort from the gate-wily, you crime into a
I
square ahout 160 yards sqllnre. There were houses commilnding it on
three sides, while on the fourtll side r:~s the Citudel ir~ln~edintely oppo-
site to the gt~te-way. There was a 68-pr. which was on conl~nanding
ground under the Citedel, rvhile the Citadel it~elf commended the square.
There were t wo steep rnnlps up to the Citildsl, one by the right, psss-
iug under some llouses, high up, wllicl could fire on the spuirrtt, and on
troops advancing by t hi ~t r o d ; the othor ranip w:rs to the left t ow~r t l ~
the o11trrnc.e to the towrl.
From t l ~o pte-way above, and the rarnpnrts
on that side, R fire wu8 obt~li~led.
pnshed up the ran)]) to the right, and movetl u p towards t he
Ciladel, I-I. M.'s 17th foot leatlir~g. They were seen from
tlie outside n~ovi ng steadily up the s eco~~t l nus p 1~ildi11g t o
tlie small gate, tlie e ~ ~ t r a ~ l c e illto t he upper fort ; alld every
one expccted to see a heavy fire from this usually s t r o~~g- hol d
of a fortress; bul t he tleatli n~i d destruction which t l ~ey saw
all a r o u ~ ~ d :~ppillletl t hem ; and they, here, ~~r at l e 110 opposi-
tion. (63) 'I'he Afghans seeing so many of tlieir count ry~nen
lcilled all arouad, for i t com~niintled iL view of tlie wliole
town; ~natle tlleir esciipe honl its walls, and tlie citadel was
taken possession of.
6.-'l'he 2nd Queen's and the European Regl. were i n t he
meantime, ~ i i o v i ~ ~ g do~71i the streets of the town, towartls
tlie Iiennk (64) gate-way; ilenr tliis gate is the out\vol-k,
before mentioned, and in t he street leading to i t was tlie
heaviest fire, H. corlstant whizzing of matchlock balls. Tlie
2nd Queen's tllen went up t he rampiu'ts which conlnitioded
the above outwork, and from the loop.1ioles fired into t he
nrork; the powtler in it shortly afterwards exploded, and
liilletl and scorclied nlariy of t he e~l emy. The European
Re,yl. from this point, turned off t o the leJ'Z, a ~ ~ d proceeded
down n street \vliich led back to tlie Cahoot gale, originally
entered; for tlie purpose of clearing tlie street. It was,
here, t hat observing the party moving up to the citadel, t he
troops in the tow11 expected a severe opposition would be
iiiilde tit the npper fort ; \vl~en all of a sudden, and unex-
pectetlly, the colors of H. M.'s 131h Lt. Zn5j. and H. M.' s
17th were see11 flying on t he top of the upper fort ; and t he
cneiny rushing down fcoir~ i t in all directions, t o effect their
(63)
There was an upper-roomed hot~se to the right, in going np,
where a Coy. H. M.'s 17tl1 foot killed 68 Afghatrs. There was a heap of
strriw here, some strriy shot struck it, n moving was observed, s shower
of l~nlls was pouretl in, the at r~w fired, only one mnn esciiped, n ~ wl he was
sliot close to the burrling mass. Tlris (cittldel) was the residence of t he
Govr. (Hycler Khan), and the females of t he prinaipal people of the plilce
were collected here.
Here, too, were the nii~gazir~o a nd grar1:Iry.
(G1)
By some ciilled the Candahlrr g:rte, being opposite to the Cubool
6tlt~.
cscnpe. IVlien about I~i~lf-W;LY down tliis strcet, :t firillg
. t \ ~ s Iienrd froiii ;I house, hi1ijor (now Lt.-Col.) W~- TL' TL
turned roli~id to his right, to see from wlience t he fire caiiie,
~vlieil lie mas struck on the left-side by three shots, one
ciwying nwny tlie upper part of the left wrist, t he 2nd
strilti~ig over the left breast, aiid pns s i ~~g over the chest ;
tlie 3rd eliterillg tlie iipper p i ~ t of tlie upper right itrill,
shattering t he bone conipletely. Hi d he not turned rour~d,
lie must Iiavc been liillecl, as t he three shots would h:~ve
struck liilll ill front. (65) 'l'he tiips of aliliost all t he ilirll
of this Regt. were ridtlled, o~vi r ~g to the eneniy firing
I~igli fro111 t he houses, :untl iitiuly were shattered by sabre-
cots. (66)
C
I .-l'lre CL Reserve" ni ~der Maj. Genl. Sir TV. Cotton,
coi~sistirig of the 1 Gtli, 35th ar1tl48th Be11g;ll N. I., followed
the st o~mi n!~ p a ~ t y close in ; a desultory fire mas still kept
up by tlie enelny, from the houses, nnd from behind rvalls;
601ne riul along the rninparts t o iiii~lie n rasli t l o ~~r ~i t o t he
gittewng, n~i i l severid ruslies were mntle for this purpose, (67)
wliich drew n fire from our troops i l l the citadel. Wlieii the
leading Cos. of the 48th N. I., tlie IiisL corps, had cntered,
about seventy qfghana niirde it rush between No. 1 and 2,
Cos., ltilletl two Hnviltlnrs, ant1 mou~idetl three sepoys
before sufficient space could be clei~red to fire on them ;
~rylien many were ltilletl, and not ;t innn escaped.
8.-The centre square eshibitetl a scene of blood and
confiision ; horses, inany woundetl, were running about i l l
all directions, figlitiog with ench other, lticliing, alitl biting,
and ruiir~i~ig cluite fiirious a t ;lily olie they saw ; so danger-
011s had tliese animals become, tliilt, the illell mere obliged
t o be ordered to shoot the horses in self-defence, as they
( 65) The Greandiers and the reiv Cotnpnn!) of this Regt. suffered
niost; excepting the Lt. Cu~i ~py.
( 6 6 )
A great milnp men were obliged, :~fterwnrcls, to wear their
forl~ge crlps,
( 61) 'l'he in~npa~ta sere not wide, and there was no ramp except
by n circuitoue roud, loading to this gate-way.
YXe Storming of Gh,tcznee. 183
endangeretl t he lives of all, and parliculi~rlp of tlie wonrided
men wl ~i l e being carried out in Dlioolies.
-
9.-Opposition was kept up for sollie considerable timc,
from the h o ~ ~ s e s and from behind ai ~l l s, :uttl a n u ~n b e ~, of
6
men, princip:llly of t he 35th N. I. \tfere shot by sotile des-
perate Afgltans \vho refused qo;irtcr ; illid lay still ; I I I ~ con-
cealed, till iui opportunity olferetl of beir~g certain of lrillittg
their opponents ; and t het ~ they !nut their orsn tleatlis, nritll
t he satisf:lctiol~ of haviag ltilletl so 1na11y IrIfidels. Pi ~rt i es
of the lGth, 35t h aud 48th N. I. upere sent i r ~t o the different
streets of the town t o clear then] of any r er nei ~~i l ~g foes.
10.-While the operations were going on inside the fort,
the Cavah.g were busily e~lg:tgctl outsicle i n p ~ ~ r s ~ ~ i t of those
who, having descended from the mi~lls, were t r y i ~ ~ g lo ~ Re c t
their escape into tlie co~~nt r y, irnd into d i f e r e ~ ~ t villi~ges.
The arriuigements for the Ci~valry were good, for the pnr-
pose of cuttiog off tlie f l y i ~~g enenly ; but till day-light
irppenred Sir J. Iceane, who expected Dosl Mahorned wonld
march t o Ghnznee to t ry to relieve it, was desirous of
having troops on the Cnbool road for its protection ; besides
.rvhicll, this was n measure of precaution, as a protection to
tlie cillmp ; a~i t l even to llrove ~ g i ~ i n s t irny party ~vhich ~ ~ ~ i g l l t
move ill real. of the "stornaivg party ;" or attack those
moving to tlie Iaciir to canlp. 111 point of fact, ilfeer UJzul
XiIdan, with 5,000 horse w ; ~ , afterw:~rds, found to have been
close to our camp aery enrlj i n llae n20)~rling. He 11ei~1~1 the
firing, and Wi l s only \siliti~ig for day-light to see thc state of
idfairs ill Gliuznee; Iic s;rrv the Brilish Flug flying ; ant1 he,
thee, knerv t hat its filte I~atl bee11 se,~led. He im~netliirtely
made the l)thsl of his \v;ly to Cirbool. (68) As soo~i,
therefore, as day-light gave e full view of the state of affairs
in irntl ill t he aeighbourhood of ciump, the Cii~rillry were
sent in pursuit of the fugitives. Nnmbers of then1 were cut
(G8) $T!/der l f i a ~ 8 , the Govr. of Ghuznce wid, I~i s I~rother Ilad nellrly
6,000 l~orsrrnen outside. He i i bu~i do~~ed Ilis elel~h:inta, a~l t l the a,hole of
his baggage at a village 1111out G miles off. The S t t ~ h sent n party to
aecuro them.
,111 by tllc Ci\vitIr)', by W ~ O I I I they were pursueti to sollle
distilnce. The 1st Bon~bi ~y C~virIry il1011e irre said to hirve
];i]led opwards of fifty, nit11 the loss of only one I<illed, and.
six wonnded. (69) Tliere ~l l ust llnvc bee11 150 of t he
elletny killed by the Ci~valry, i i ~i t l ir great nuniber of
wounded, :u 1lliilly were found next (lay in all the neigh-
boulsisg villages.
11.-The False atlaclc" by tlie three Cos. 35t h N. I. t o
tlie S. tll.em mnny of t he enelliy to t11:it quarter ; a ~ ~ d bei t ~g in
an opposite tlirectiori fro111 t he citadel (N.) \vliile i t oper:rtcd
it1 our f i ~ ~ o r I)y actually dra~vi ng the governor :~ncl many of
thc enetny from the npper fort, at~tl from t he rampivts near
tlie Call002 gate, hatl, also, t he effect of checking tlie egress
of those who were at t e~npt i ng to escape, by t he tlitches,
and close untler the malls, w11ci.c Cavitlry cooid not reach
t h e ~ n ; the pivty, thel.efol.e, con~posi t ~g the false attack,
effectetl two ol~jects ; a diversion in fitvor of the '< sto~~mi?zy
p a ~ t g , ' ~ and the cutting off t he g:lrrison7s retreat f r o~n that
qnarter, by which tlley n~i ght 11t1ve securely reached the hills
in rear of the cnlnp.
Tl ~e parties of tlie Nativc Infantry, ml ~i cl ~ were sent down
tlie tliffel-cot stl-eets to clear t l ~ e ~ n of of the ellenly who
1i)ight bc seen, I~ad lllany nlen Irilletl and nrountled by t he
Afgltans who had aslied for quarter fA?nc~n, Anzan,) and
afterwards kept up a fire from their houses.
12.
H. M. Slzak Slzoojah, with the Envoy and Minister,
were in rear of the Ccstorminy party," looking on at t he
(139) Capt. Oulrtm says, p. 99: " I was directed by H. E. t o place
guns to command the \V. ft~ce of the fortress, over tile wtrlls of wl~ich,
a number of the g:lrrison were malting their escrqle; after which I rode
rourltl to the J3. atrlls to draw 011 t r sqtrtrtlro~~ of the Lf t nco~, to intar-
cept their escirpe by tllu gilrdu~ls. \Vt~ile I ) I I S * ~ : I ~ under the \valls, e
lnrge body of the enemy, who were desce~lilillg by I I fallen tower through
a breach not before observed, deterred by L I I ~ sutldcn al)psartmce of t he
Lancers, turned bnck ; \vllct~ a picquet was plartted, by which egress \ms
preclnded." Some of the enemy lilcewise tried to push ttirough t he
2nd Cavalry, who were stittioned netir the 3. siae of the Port, rlenr tho
Bazar gate.
ol~~illliolls.
As boo11 as all \Ifas quiet H. M., :uid t he Envoy
; ~nd Minister, went illto tlie fort, and lip t o t he citadel, where
tliey found H. E. tlic Corur.-ill-Chief, and a number of tlie
staff. JIgclt~ I<?~an, the Govr., who m:is tlierc, ht~virlg sirrreri-
dcred lii~nself, was introduced to t he Sltr~l~ (his uuclc) ; and
Sir J. Iii.ane, through thc Envoy ant1 Minister, aslcetl tllc
ltilig to p:irdoli liis nepliciv, wliicl~ lie did. I t was here tliat
wc foulit1 collected, a grcal ouniber of prisoners, i11i111y badly
wo~iiided, aiid about 300 wonieli bclorigi~lg t o tlic fiimilies of
I-lyilcr I<lia~i slid the pri11cip;ll iileri among the ARgliaiis.
Here, also, we fotuid t he ~nilgneine, and granivy.
13.
I t was singular tbnt the enemy sliould Ilnvc allo~veti
tlie guns, and troops to take up their positions without
firing on tlicm, a ~ ~ d i t is only t o bc i~ccoueted for, by rel;ltilig
tlie followiog fact derived from Ifider lfIta?a, tlie Govr.
Iliniself. Dost ~Vuhonaed lievcr anticipated that we sllolild
resort to the hazardous lueitsllre of blomirrg open the gate-
way. He collceivcd tliat we should proceccl in tllc regular
zu~d usual nlanner by breaching, aiid then storm the place
by escalade.
This he fully cdcnlated on, and tliat i t ~vould occupy us
a 101.lg time, by wliicll delay, also, hc hoped to complete tlic
worlis he had comn~enced at Cu6001. 111 tlle evelit of an
escalnde, the orders were, to 111:111 the walls, and not t o fire
21 shot, or usc uiiy meirpon, till they saw tlie heads of tllc
Britisll fairly above the walls; thus expectilig to destroy ;L
great lluiiiber at once. Hyder IfIta?~, tlie Goven~ol; ~vllen
lie Ilearil our first, firing, froiil tlie Cc false uttnck," \vent t o
that quarter : but, when he learnt Lliat tlle British troops,
rve1.e entering tlie fort, lie gal l o~~ed back to t he grates;ry,
mliere 11e met sollie of t he Europe;uls. H e had a bayoilet
ruil through his Kumrnur-bund (waistbaad), and one of llis
attendants, had a shot tllrough his turban. At this mo-
lllent l1is horse reared, and he wils i ~l most falling ; if he h;rd
his life was gone. H e recovered Ilimself, ant1 dashed away
up i o the citadel. I-Ie saw tlie place was lost, and he
I-esolvetl t o give himself up to tlie first Britiull qficer Ile
saw, fe;rriiig tlie lnen ~voul d lrill liin~. Cnpts. A. Z K Y'uylor,
a D
1 86
The LOSS ht . killcrl and ZI ) O~~~~I I C~.
(70) mid G. A. 1Vlucgreyor, (71) P : ~ S S ~ I I ~ by, 11c sent to tell
Lllcm 11i;~t Iic nras in the citadel, ; u~d ready l o give liinisclf
1111 011 liis lifc being sp:rretl. (72)
14. I l y d e ~ Icltnn, thc Govr., who is only now nboul
21 years old, ditl iiot u~iderslniid tlic probable cf cct n~liich
tlic c,~1~losiow would produce ; his chicf giinncr, :I 11:~tivc of
Bintlostiui, Irnem th:it there 11~u1d be 110 usc for his scrviccs
i ~np longcr, and lie escapcd froill the fort. I I e afLerw;rrds
came i l l to us a ~l d said, liilving served in forts attilclred by
tlie British i n India, tlinl cC ns soon :IS I heard t he expdosiom,
I kncw the gnlc was blown open, and tliilt you would storiii
"Gic fort and tnlte i l without escalade; and I tliought i t time
to be off." Tlicre were a. liuiiiber of IIinclostanees i n tlic
old-ZOOT~," and m;uiy of lhcni were scorched by tlie ex-
plosion of gunpolvder in tlie ~vork, caused partly by tlie
powder beingloose, aiid by tlie fire of H. M.'s 2nd Queen's.
These men snid tliey hi ~d bcen prcssed into t hc service,
:igi~iiist tlicir will. Al :tbout 3 o'clock tlic Etwopean troops
\rcrc wit11 (11-awn, ant1 Urigr. Sale was nppoinlcd Govcrlior of
Gl ~u, wr c ; tlie ](it11 ;uid 35th N. I. were left i n Lhc for-
tress ;ilitl town, u~itler Brigr. Xobcrts, to sccurc the place,
gu:lrrl tlie prisoners, and prcsenre tlic c:lplured properly. A
clesultory fire was kept 11p from soiiic isol:ited houses duri ng
the dily.
15. The Loss.-The loss on our side was sevcntcen Itillcd,
iuid ciglilecn Olliccrs, and 147 N. C. 0, and rarilt :uid file
wouridetl. 011 the p:rrt of the cneniy, the loss mas very
greirt. Eight ItuncZ~ecrE bodies were biiricd nest day. Tlicre
merc innny found deatl in the houses three or folir di ~ys
dlermards. &Iany (about 160) werc lrillcd by tlic Cavalry,
mid bout 300 bodics are said, nltogetlicr, to have bee11
found oatsidc (f3),probnbly inally of these wouuded ~iicii wlio
had escapcd fro111 the place, died of their n.ounds : so t l i ; ~ ~
(so)
1st Beng~~l El~rn. Rcgt, nntl b'l. 13. (it11 Brigade.
(71)
Dengill r\rty. and i\rst, t o tilo Envoy i111d Rliliister.
(73)
'l'llo nccoclnt gi\,eo 1,y Ilimsclt' while n prisoner.
(73) 190 \rere counted round about t l ~c g:~tc-any, \ vi t l ~i r i 20 ynrds.
Ilicit iiiiisl hdve bceii 1,200 of tlic clic~liy Itillcil, ant1 ilbout
300 ~ ~ u n t l c t l , iii~d 1,500 priso~lers wcrc t al r e~~ ; (somc aiiiong
tlic wou~ided,) ~vliicli, nllo~ving for sonic t o ]lave esciipcd,
will mal,c tlie garrison to Iiirvc i~uilouiitcd to 3,000 mcn;
.P
cs:~ctly the nomber stated by I$yllo. ILldan, and found ill tlic
D~fLul; or Resister of tlic troops.
16. TiPounited 0flce~s.-Brigr. (now Maj, Genl. Sir R.
f1,) Sale was wo~li~tlctl i11 tlic chin, 1 ) ~ t \VLLY able t o co~itinue
1vit.11 tlie troops till tlic fort was fitirly ours, nlid only left i t
a t tlic urgenl rcclncst of t he surgeon, as lie mns blcetl-
ing much ; after I i i r ~i i ~g givcil the necessary ordel.s l o tlic
trool~s, the Comr.-in-Chief bcing in tlie fort himself, irt t l ~ c
tiiiie. (74)
Mirjor (now Lt.-Col.) Wa ~ ~ e n , 1st Bcrlgnl European Regt.
\virs wounded ill three dil'fcrrut plnccs, one shot cirrrying
nivi~y the uppcr part of tlie lefl ~vrist, which was so far dan-
gerous t hat for two or three days a loclr-,jaw was apprc-
liendcd ; n second shot by n ball strilting the left breast
and passing over the surface of the chest ; the third shot
eiilcred t he upper pilrt of the uppcr right arm, shattcr-
ilig tlie bone completely. This was t he same arm wllich
was very severcly wounded by a sabre cut on t he shonldcr
at the escalade of the Jungeenah-gate, a t Bl~z~~Lpoo1; 011 tlie
18th Jail. 1826. (75) The surgeons wisl~etl t o i ~i i pt i t f l t ~
tile ari.m, thinking i t mas necessary to save liis life ; but,
he, at once, decided on taltirig his cllance as to t he resull.
(7.1,) This girllant officer entered tlic army on the lDtli Jan. 1796.
Servetl :IS Lieut. in the 12th Ilcgt. nt tlie siege zind stor111 of J'cl.in!lhn.
pnfani, i n Biay, 1799. Served wit11 great dietinctiorl in the Burtncsc I f i c ~ ,
;~ntl was severely \voundetl on the 16th L)ec. 1824 (as senior Major in
commiintl of 1-1. M.'s 13th Lt. Infy.) in one of t l ~ c numerous irss:lults of
the Burmoxc slockrctlcs.
(76)
I l e II;IS likewise n severe sabre cut on the left side of his fiice,
lost tire upper joint of his left t1111nll1, tlle c ~ t rcnduring tmo ofhis Flngcrs
I~seless ; so t l ~nt I~ird Ire lost his ~*iglrt ilrm, he \voultl Iiovc had :r useless
I ~ f t one. On tlle occ;oiu~~ of the nbo\lc cscalirdiug piirty by two Cos. 1st
Ueiignl Eoropea~i llegt., Lt. Cu~ld!/ \vils ltillcd, all tho officers were
soscrely \i*oullded; of wl1o111 Lt.-Cul. W, is tho only surviving oficcr.
2 L3 2
188 Ordws after the Storm,
Lt, W. I<. liaslezoood, 1st Bengnl Enropcau Regt. nr;Ls
very severcly mounded. He received five rnol~nds by slvord-
cuts.
One 011 tlie head which ltnoclted him down ; one on
tile right slioulder joint, very severe ; one lower down, and
another crossing it : and a very severe mound in the right
]lip, several inches in extent. (76)
Capt. H. M. Craves, 16th Dengal N. I. mas severely and
badly mom~ded ill the shoulder and hip. Capt. 0. Robinson,
and Lt. G. N. IC. A. Yonge, of the 2nd Queen's, were
severcly wounded ; the former, by a sabre cut on the head ;
and the latter by a match-lock ball in thc groin. The other
officers were slightly woauded. (77) Major (now Lt.-Col.)
Parsons was wounded in the cheelr near the Con1r.-in-Chief,
on the heights of Bullal. The Rt. Elon. Earl of Auckland,
Govr. Geul. has kirldly noticed Lt.-Col. Warren and Lt.
Huslewood, by appointing the former to be officiating Town
Mirjor, and the latter to be an A. D. C. on liis Lordship's
personal; these appoint~nents, while they are gratefully
received by thein, are dnly appreciated by their brother
officers ; slid afford conviucing proofs of Lord AriclcIi~nd's de-
sire to re~rrard those who siiffer ill their coontry's cause. (78)
8. Orders after the storm.-(G. 0. C. C. 23rd July,
1839.)-1. "Urigr. Sale, C. B. is appointed Conldt;. of
Chuc~zee, and will in~tiiediately order such arrangements as
may appear t o liim necessiiry, for restoring ortler in the
fort; arid for securing the property for the benefit of tllc
cuptors."
(IG)
From t he nature of t l ~ewour ~ds i t was to be cxpected th:rt Lt.
IJasleeood \voald never thoro~g1:llly recover the use of either the rrrln or
leg; and although returned " scver~.ly wourrrlcd,," ill order not to calkso
too n~ucli alarm to his friends in Ei~gliind, he might, with prol)riety, (:is
- - - . ,
declared by the Surgeons) have boon returned a danger.ous!y wour~dcd ;"
the wounds are liltely to ca~ise more p i n an11 conrtitutional disturbance
than the loss of a limb.
(77) Cnpt. Bar.~ton, Be n ~n l 37th N. I. and Lt. $1. P~rcbo~ 48tl1 Berr-
gal N. I. were severely rounded, the former in tho
Dolun Pass," iind
the latter before entering the Pass.
(78) Capt. Grctves has Leon appointed ORg, Agcnt for 1st 1)ivision
of arlily clotl~ing.
To secu~c !he Place atzd P,ropcr!y. 180
2. " Tlie Maj. Genl. Conig. the 1st Divisioii of I ~~f ant r y,
will co~iiply with such requisitions as he mny receive from
tlie 13rig;itlier, for troops, for seoltrir~g tlle place, until a
proper garrison may be provided."
" every gate-way in the fort, with Llic cxceptio~i of the
Cabool gate, is to be effcctunlly blocked up, (79) and t he
chief Engineer will be pleased to send down parties of
Sappers, to carry this order into operation. The 13rigr.
will direct palrols to be sent throughout the tozun, to pre-
vent plundering ; and to turn out every camp-follower
and soldier, not on duty in the place."
4. '( The Maj. Genl. Comg. the Cavalry will dircct Detts.
from tlie 4th L. D. and l6tli Lancers to be sent into the
town, with fifty syces, (80) for the purpose of bringing out
a11 the Itorscs, camels, and bullocks, wllicll may be fonnd in
the place. These are to be picqetted in solile convenient
situation i n the Bengal Cavy. lines ; and a suitable guard
-f
placed over thetn, until they can be disposcd of."
5, All the horses, camels, and bullocks, already brought
out, either by officers, or tllcir followers, are t o be
iminediately sent to the same place ; and any person fitiling
to conlply with this order, mill be dealt rvitl, as having
disobeyed a positive conl~nand ; and all who maypurchusc
horses, &c. which can be identged (81) as having been
captured, will be required to restore thein."
6. <' I t is believed, that individuals are now offering
horses for sale, that were taken out of the fort; ancl till
are enjoined to abstni~l from ~naliirig purchases of t l ~em.
Officers in comnia~id arc required to send all sl~cll as maiy be
I
;-
(79) The other gate-ways mere not, as far 8s J could see, built up
wit11 masonry, as I satv no r~l tbi sh near the S. gate.
(80) Grootns.
(81) Tilo fnct is, tliirt before the order cnrne out, camp-follotvers
ar~tl otllcrs Ilnil tiiken off a grci ~t nl;lny IIOI'SCR, kc, : I I I ~ tho l)rocess of
cutling the triil, kc, soon pruvcr~tcil i ~ l c n l i J i c ~ i l i o ~ ~ , l'lrc Shah's ci~n)li
got its sli;rrc.
I,rw"rl~ctl ill llicir lilies, to llic placc iippoinlctl for llicir
l)rirrg C O I I C C ~ C ~ ~ " (82)
7.
(( Dcpy. Provosl Miirslinl Pawy, a l prescnt doing
(l t ~t s wit11 tlie 4th Brigade, is directcd to place liiiilsclf
uatIcr tlie orders of the Coo~dt . of Gliuznee."
8.
cc A muin picquet will mouiit, iin~nedi;rtely, 011 tlic
C(lbool voad consisting of two guns, it squadron of Cnvy.
(4th L. D.,) ;rnd of two Cos. of Ii~fy. tlie Iallcr t o bc
fllrllislied by tlie Bengnl Division."
9.
Orckr of Ihanks.-G. 0. by I-I. E. Lt.-Genl. Si r J.
I(c(ine, Coi11r.-ill-Chief of tlle cc Anny of the Im8m" Hd.
Qrs., canip Gliuzncc 231~1 July, 1839.
1.
Cc Lt.-Gcn. Si v J. Iiennc, iiiost lieartily congratulntes
tllc iirniy lic liiis t he honor to cotnmaiirl, 011 tlic signal
t . ri ~~i i ~pl i tliey have this day obtained in the capt u~e, by
stonn, of tlie strong and importiuit fortress of Glsuzizee.
H. E, feels that lie can Iiardly (lo juslice to llic gallantry of
llic troops."
2. cr Tlie s~ieiit~ific iind successful mcunner in \vliicli the
Cnbool gate (of grcat strength) wits blown open by Capt.
Thomson of the Bcngnl Engineers, tlic chief of tlint Dept.
with tliis nnny, i n which lie reports Iiavii~g beeti most itbly
:rssistcd by Cirpt. Pent, of the 13ombay Enginccrs, and Lts.
Dnrand and McLeod, of the 13engal E~ngineers, i n tile daring
iuitl dirngcrons cnterprise of laying down poivdcr in t he facc
of t11c encmy, rmd t he strong fire kept upon tllcni, reflects
tlie highest credit on their skill ancl cool courage, and I-I.
E. begs Capt. TAornsow, and tile officers nalned, will ncccpt
his cordiirl tliiuilis. Ii i s ncknoml cdyi i ~ci i are ;rlso d tie to
the otlier Officers of tlie Engineers of both presidencies,
and to the valuablc corps of sappcrs iuld miners undcr
them, This opening havitig been niadc, although i l was n
(823) I' i\Inj. Gcnl. Th~c I i ~~i ? l l will pli~ce an officer of Cavy. in charge
of these horses, nlltl tlley mill bc subsisted by the Conlsst. Dopt., and
the same Dcpt. ~vill, liltcniso, sr~pply rope to fi~stor~ tllon~ to their pic-
rlucts; the cxpcnse ir~curred in their fc'cef.! HI I I ~ in the su]~ply of ~ o l ~ c ,
lllust bc cl~nrgcrl agninst t l ~e Prizc L.e~"lti~(t, Ii~rcaft~r."
7'0 lA,e Troops. 191
dificult one to ciiler by, fro111 l l ~c rubbisli ill 1.1le g;lte-wily ;
tlie le:~diiig coluiiin, in :I spirit of truc g:~ll;uilry, di rec~ct l
:uid let1 by Rrigr. Snle, gaii~cd ;I footing i~lsitlc the fortress;
althougli opposed I)y Llie Afyhe)z soldicrs ill very grent
r
slrcngth, aiid ill the lnost desperiite tll:rlincr with cvery
Itind of weapon."
3. Cc The iu1v;uice ~uidei* Lt.-Col. Dcnqzie, of I-I. M.'s
131h, consisting of tlie LL. Cos. of 13. M.'s 21111 i~iid 17~11,
and of the ( I d ) Bengil E~iropcaii llegt., with oiie Campy.
of H. M.'s 13t h; and leading coluum, co~lsisting of 1%. M.'s
2nd Queen's uiitler Mnj. Cuvr - ut l ~e~. ~, imd the (1st) Bcngi~l
E ~ r o p ~ i ~ i i Regt. tinder Lt.-Col. O~cltnrcl; followetl by 1-1.
M.'s 13th Light Infy., under Major Tronsoa, ;IS tlicy collect-
etl from t he duty of ski~?wislri??g .cvliicli they were to begill
with; and by 13. M.'s 17th tlader Lt.-Col. C~oker."
4. CC To all tliosc officers, :~iid to tllc otlicr officers nlid
.
gi ~l l a~l t soldiers urider tlleir orders, I-I. X' s best tlii~nlts arc
+-
tendcrcd, but in pnrticoli~r, lie fccls tlccply indebtcd to Urigr.
Sale, for tlle manner i n nlliicli he conducied thc arduous
duty entrasted to Iliul ill conimaud of tlie slwmi?zg pnrty."
I-I. E. mill not f:JI to bring i t to t he notice of IIis
Lordship the Govr. Genl. ; aiitl he tiwsts tlie moll~itl w l ~ i ~ l ~
Brigr. Sal e llas reccivetl, i s not of llie severe natal-c, lollg to
deprive this a ~ m y of his services. Rrigr. Sal e ~.eporl;s, t l ~; ~l ;
Copt. I<ersliaw of 13. M.'s 13th Lt , Infy., renderetl i1nporl;-
ant nssist:uice to hiin, :lll(l t o tlie service in tlic storniing."
5. Sir J. ICcune tvns happy on tliis proud ncc:uion, to
have tlic nssistnncc of his old commdc Mnj. Geiil. 1% PlTil-
lougl~hy Cotto~z, wl ~o i n command of tlic Cc Reserve," ably
r
exccnted tlie instriictio~ls he had receivcd, and was a t tlic
gate ready t o enter after tlic 'cstorming p a ~l y " had cstab-
. ; .
lished tlie~ilselves insidc; mlien lie movctl thl~ongh il; to
stvecp tlle rainpnrts, to coniplcte tllc subjugation of the
1)li~cc n?iLli the 16th Bengal N. I,, under Rfilj. flfclcla~en,
Brigr. Roberts with tllc 35th N. I. ulidcr Lt.-Col. Monlcatlr.,
nrid tlie 48th N. I., under Lt.-Col. I.T/ieelcr. Hi s :vr;u~ge-
li~ents i~ftermnrds, in continuation of those Brigr. Sale, 11i~cl
ll~a(lc, for thc sccilrity of the ii~:lgir~i~ic aiid ol l ~cr p ~ ~ b l i c
storca, tverc sncli ;IS illel E-I, E.'s l ~ i g l ~ i~pproval."
(i.
cCTl ~e Co11ir.-ill-Cliicf acl~iiowlctlges t l ~ c sorviccs rrn-
clcactl I)y Ci~ljt. lhy, of tlie 35th N. I. in co~iimiuid of three
Cos. of tllc Regt. scill to t he SoulA sidc of tlie fortress to
I ~e~i t i mitli a f ake attack," and which was e s ~ c u t e d a t tlie
1)roper time, aiid ill a iiiwiner highly satisfactory t o Hi s
Exccllcncy ."
7.
"Nothing co11ld be inorc jndicious thaii t he malmcr
ill wliicli Br i g. Stcvenaon pliiced tlie ztrtillery in positioi~.
Capt. G~unt ' s troop of Beugal Arty. aiid camel-battery
under Capt. Abbott, both superititenrled by Major Pew ; t l ~ c
two troops of Bontbay H. A. commanded by Capts. Mn ~ l i n
iuld Cotg~ave, 2nd Capt. Lloyd's battery of Bonibny foot
Arty. all opened tipoil tlic citadel and fortress, in a maiiiier
whicli shook tlie eiiciny, aii(1 ditl executioii so as coii~pletely
to parirlize and to strike terror illto thein ; and 11. E. begs
Brigr. Stevenson i~iid tlie officcrs and iiien of t hat Arm, will
accept his thiunlrs for tlieir good service."
8. ' <The 19tli Reyt. Bombay N. I. undcr tlie commir~itl
of Lt.-Col. Slalke?; having beell placed i11 positioti t o watcli
iriiy cnemy t hi ~t inigllt ilpprnr on the C'n.4002 road, or ap-
proxl l to attack tlic camp, Iiatl iui i~iiportiiiit posl nssigiied
to t hem; although as i t lii~ppencd, ao enemy made nil
attack upon thein."
9 "In sicgcs ant1 stormings, it does not fall to tlie lot
of CILVILIL' ~ to bear t he sitiiie conspicuous part as tlie two
ot l i era~ms of the profession. 011 tliis occasion, Sir J. ICeune
is hi ~pl ~y to Iiirvc ail opportunity of thanking Mirj. Genl.
Thackwel2, ~ i i d tlic oficcrs and nleii of tlie Ciiv:Llry Division
under his orders, for having successfully executed the
directions givcn, to sweep t he plidii and to intercept fugilives
of tlic enemy i ~t t ei i ~pt i ng to escape froin tlie fort, iii ally
direction arooild i t ; and, had an elielily appeared, for t he
rclief of tlie place durilig t he storming, H. E. is fillly satis-
fied that tlie different ltegts. of tliis finlr arii1 ~vo~l l d 11i1ve
distingtrishcd tlieiilselves, irnrl tliat tlie opporlunity alone
was mnntilig."
' 10. " Mi ~j . Gelil. ~Villsl~ive's Divisioii hiiving been broken
for thc day to bc distributed iis i t was, h e Milj. Genl.
Report of the Chief E'agngkee)..
1 93
was desired to be in attendance up011 tlie Comr.-in-Chief.
TO him arid t o the oficers of the Adjt. and Qr. Mr. Genl.'s
Dept. of the Bengal and Boiilbay ilr1nY3 13. E. returns his
warmest thanks for tlie assistance they have afforded him.)'
2 .
11. cc The Con1r.-in-Chief feels, and in which feeling he is
sure he will be joi~led by the troops composing the Army
ofthe Indus," that after the long and harassing marches they
have had, and tlie priv;itions they have endured, this glori-
ous achieveunent, and tlie brilliant manner in which t he
troops have met and coilqliered their enemy, rewards tlieni
for it all. I-I. E. will only add, that no ariily that has ever
been engaged in a cainpaigti, deserves more credit than
that which he has tlie honor t o commaod, for patient,
orderly, and correct coi i d~~ct , u~i der all circumstnnces ; t ~n d
Sir J. Keane is proud to have the opportunity of tllus publicly
aclinowletlgi~ig it."
By order of 13. X. Lt.-Genl. Sir J. Iceane, Comr.-in-Chief
4
of the Arnly of the Indus.
(Signed.) R. Macdonald, Lt.-Col., Mily.Secy. and D. A, G.
H. Me's forces, Bombay.
10. Report of the Cl~ief Engineer. (83)
1. c c Arrival before Ghuznee.-The accou~lts of the for-
tress of Glm~nee, received froill those who had see11 it, were
such as to induce his Excy. tlie Coinr.-in-Chief t o leave in
Candalza~ the very sillall haltering train then with the army,
there being a scarcity of transport cattle. The place was
described as very weal<, and coinpletely commanded from a
range of hills to the uorth."
(83)
'I'his Report, it is admitted by compet e~~t judges, contains so
clear anaccount of t he nature of the worlts; their st r engt l ~ ; and of
the operations before Glluznee, as well as of t he storm, thnt I have long
hcsittrted in my humble tittempt, to descril~e what I only partially saw
myself: but, 11s I obtained a Itnowledge of some facts not generally
krlo\vn, or wllicl~ ~vould not form the subject matter of s ucl ~ a report,
or even of a despatch, and thinking the detnils might be interesting, I
mado up my mind, t o cndeivour to relate them as concisely, and in t he
-
order in which they occurred.
2 c
194
l r ' c ~ o ~ l of llie CluicJ I= 4 711 J 211eer, '
9.
CC Wlien .ivc cnllle before it on tlie morning of tlie 21st
July, .ire were very mucli surprisetl to iind a higli i' ai~lpilrt
ill good repair, built on a scarped 11lo111ld about 35 feet
lligli, R;i~~lced by numcrous tonlers and surronndcd by a
17uusse brnyc, and il met-ditcb. The irregular figure of t he
enceittte gave R good flanking fire, whilst the lleigllt of t he
citnclelel covered tlie interior froiii tlie c o i ~ ~ i n a ~ ~ d i i ~ g fire of t he
hills to the N., rendering it nugi~tory. 111 additioii t o this,
t he tolvers iit the angles had been e111;lrged ; scree11 ~vtllls
had been built before the gat es; the tlitch cleared out,
a ~i d filled with water (stated t o be n~iforilablc), and an out-
work built oil t he right bank of the river, so as to co~l l l l l a~l d
t he bet1 of it. Tlic gar r i s o~~ was vi ~r i ous l ~ stated t o be froii,
3 to 4,000 strong, i ~i cl l i di ~~g 500 Cavi~lry. From subsequent
infonlintion we found tliat i t hild bee11 over-r;tted." (84)
3. " On the approacli of tlie army ;L fire of artillery wils
o ~ e l ~ e d from the body of the place, and of n~us ket r y froill
t he neighbouring grnrdens. A t l et ncl ~i ~l e~~t of I nf i u~t r y clear-
etl tlie li~tter, i ~nd the former mas silcl~ced for it s l ~o r t tiine
by s11r;lpnells f r on~ tlie E-Iorse Artillery. But t he lire froin
t he new out-worlt on the banlr of tile river m;ts i n I I O way
chedted. h IleiIrer view of llie worl{s nPi1s lio\vel~er obtained
from the gardens ~vl ~i cl l 11ad been cleared. Thi s was not
a t 2111 sntisfrtctory ; the morlts were evi t l e~~t l y much st r onger
than we had been led to aliticipate, and such as our nrllly
could not venture to attack i n a regular iliallller \vitli tile
means at our disposal. We had no But t eyi ng t rai n, and,
t o attack Ghuznee i n forin, a much larger t ri ~i n moultl bc
required thitu the army ever possessed. The great height
of the Parapel above the Pl ai n (60 or 70jl' cet), with tile wet
ditcll were insnr~noui~table obstnclcs to an attaclc merely by
mining or esc~lading.' ~
4. cC Reconnaissance.-It therefore becanle reqnisite t o
examine closely tile whole " c o ~ ~ t 0 ~ ~ 1 " ' of tile place, t o diS-
cover if any other mode of attack could be adopted.
Engineers, with an escort, went +o~uld the morlis, ap-
(84) Ascertained to have been 3,000.
proaching as nenr as they corrld find cover; tlie garrison
were on the alert, and kept up a hot and well-directed fire on
t he officers whenever they were obliged to shonr themselves.
However, by keeping t he Inlantry beyond musket-range,
and the CnuaZry at a still gret~ter distance, only one I I I ~I I mas
killed, and one wounded, and the forn~er nrns 11it by the inen
sent out of the place, to drive ofl' the reconnoitring party."
5.
cCTl~c fortilicntions were fol~nd eqnnlly strong a11 round,
the only tangible poittt observed mas the CC Cnbool gale-wall,"
\vhich offered t he follon4ng advantages for n coup-dc-maill;
the road up to the gale mils clear ; the bridge over tlie ditch
was unbroken ; h e r e were good positions for the A~ l i l l e q
within 350 yards of the ~vnlls on both sides of the ro:id ;
and we liad inforuli~tion that lhe gateway wits iiot built up,
a reinforceinent f r on~ Cab002 being expected."
6. "The restilt of this +econnoissa~ce mas it report Lo
14. E. the Coi11r.-i11-Chief, thlit, if he dccided on the imn~ediate
attaclr of Ghuanee, the only feasible mode of atlack, illltl
the only one which held out a prospect of success, mas a,
dash at the Cabool yule-way,-blowing the gate open by
bags of powder."
7.
<'H. E. decided on the attempt; the ciunp wits moved
that evening t o the Cnbool-road, and nexl morning (/he
Z2nd) Sir J. Keane, i n person, reconnoitred the proposed
point of i~ttac1z;-he i~pprored of tlie plita, ;rntl gave orders
for its execution. Preparittions mere mnde accordingly ;
positions for t he Artillery were carefnlly examined, ivhich
excited the jealousy of the garrison, who opened a smitrt
fire on the party."
7. Preya9-ations for and B2owing open Ihe gate.-CC I t
was arranged that an ex~tosion parl y, consisting of three
Officers of Eligineers, Capt.. Pent (Bon~bay,) Lts. Di b~and
arid Macleod, (Bengal,) three Serjeants, and eigliteerl 111en
of tlie sappers, (85) i n working dresses, carrying 3001bs.
cfpozuder in twelve sand-bags, with a I~osc 72 feet long,
sllould be ready to nlove clonrn to the gateway. at d;ry-break.
~t llliJrligllt tlie iirst bilttcry lcft camp, followed by tlie
ot]lcr four, at intervirls of hirlf an honr. Those t o the riyiil
of tile rotrcl were conducted to tlicir positions by Lt . St u r t
of the (Bcngol) Engineers, those to the Icft by Lt . Anderson
(Be115J); the groi i i ~d for tlie gulls was prepared by tlie
Sappers ;ind Pioneers, taking at1vant;rge of tlic inequalities
of the ground on t he ri!jht, and of some old garden-wsl k
on thc left. The Arlillery nerc all in positioii and reirtly
by 3 A. 11. of t he 23rd ; and sbortly after, at the,first dawn,
the piirty under C;ipt. Peat movetl dolvii to tlie gateway,
accompai~ied by six men of 13. M.'s 13th Light Infy. willl-
out their belts, and supported by a detachment of the same
Regt. mhicli extentled t o the right a11d left of the road when
they arrived a t tlie ditch, taltiiig advantage of what cover
they could f i i ~d; and endeavouring to keep down the fire
from the ramparts, wliich became heavy on the approach of
t he partv; tliougli i t had beer1 reinarkitbly slacli during t he
previous operations. Blue-lights were shewn which render-
ed the surroundirlg objects tlistinctlg visible ; bul, lucltily,
they were burned from the top of the pirriipet, (86) instead
of being thrown into tlie passage below."
8. <'The e:uplosion par t y marched steatlily on, headed
by Lt. Du ~ a n d ; the powcZe?- was placed ; tlie I~ose laid, (87)
t he lrain fired: a~i t l tlie carrying party, retired to ;L tolerable
cover ill less t han two minules. The Artillery opcned when
the blue-lighls i ~ppeared, and the nzusketrg from t he cover-
ing party at t he siinle time, so quickly ~va s t he operatioil
performed, ;wd s o little were the enenly aware of the nat ure
of it, that riot a. man of tlie party was hit."
9, (<As soon ns t he explosion tooli place, Capt. I'eat,
thougll hurt, his anxiety preventing his keeping sufficiently
nnder cover, r an u p t o the gate (accompanied by a sinall
party of H. M.'s 13t h Lt. Infy.) and ascertained, t hat i t
(SG) A sl ~ot from the camel-battery cot n mnn into two, who mas
holding n Blue-light near the top of the gate-way.
( 01) On the first npplicetion of the port-fire to the hose the: powder
would not ignite.
was conil~letely tlestroyetl.
Tliere was some tlelay ill gettirlg
a bugler to soulid the ' advance,' tllc signal agreed on for
i-
t he nssaulting colllnin to pus11 on ; and this was the only
t
mistnlie ill the operi~tion."
i
10. Tl~e The irssnulti~~g colnnin consisted of
* A. M. 211d Queen's
four Eu~. opea~l Regts.* commal~detl
(1st) Benjinl Euro~lenn 1)y Brigr. Sale. The advance under
H. M.'s 15111 Lt. Infy.
H. M.'S 17th POO~ . Lt.-Col. Dennie, ~lccomp;u~ied by
Lt . Sl ur/ , Ellgineel-s, moved steadily tli~*ougll the gntc-mzry,
through n pilssnge inside the gatc, ending in a donled-l~uilding
with the o p e n i ~~g on one sitle, which made every t h i ~ ~ g vcry
obscure ; ant1 rendered i t difficult t o find tlie out-let into the
town. They rnel wit11 little oppositio~i ; but a party of the
enemy, seeing a break in the column, owing to t he tlificulty
ill scralnbling over the rubbish in the girte-~v:ly ; made a ~ u , ~ h ,
szoord i n honcl, and cut do~vn i~ good many Incn, wounding the
Br i ~a d i e r and several otlier officers. These sivortls~neri
were repulsed, and therc was no other regular opposition ;
the surprise and alarln of tlie governor arid sirdam being
so great, Ivlvhen they saw t he column occupying the open
space inside the gate arid firing on them, that they fled,
accompanied by their men ; even tlie garrison of the citadel
follo~ving their example. Parties of the Afghans took
refuge in houses, firing on tlie colulnn as i t made its way
through the streets ; and a good deal of desullory firing
took place in consequence, by which some loss was sustained.
The ciladel was occupied as soot1 as day-light sliowed that
i t had been evacuated by t he enemy; and the ~vllole of the
worlis were in our possession before 5 o'clock A, nr."
11. Loss.-" We lost 17 men (6 Europeilns and 11
Natives), kilted; 18 oflcers, 117 Europeans, and 30 Natives
wounded; total 182. Of the Afghans Illore than 514 were
killed in the town, t hat number of bodies l ~avi ng been buried;
and about 100 outside by t he Cavalry : 1,60Oprisoners, were
tnken ; but .I have ilo n~eans of estimating t he nu~iiber of
wounded."
12. Guns, Stores, $c.-'~ There were nine guns of different
calibres, fotl~id in the place; a large quantity of good
p ~ ~ v d e ~ + ; co~~siderable stores of shot, leitd, kc. ; and ii liwge
s ~ ~ p p l y of i ~t t i t l ~ (flour), and other provisions." (88)
(Signed) Geo. Thowtson,
Cliief Engineer, Army of the 111dus.
Camp, Glruznee, 25th Joly, 1839.
To Col o~~el D. ~' facl eod,
Cliief Engi~ieer, 13engnl Army.
11. Ohscrvalions of the Chief' Engineer, Sontbay CO~UVI~?L.
(89)-1. '< Dwi ng the recooiioissance, tlie zua22-pieces were
pnrticolnrly trortblesome. This menpoll is almost unlrnolrrll
i n our service, but is a very rfficie~tt one, especially i n t he
defence of ~vorlts; and its use shoultl not be neglected.
Every fortified post sl~oulcl be supplied with a proporti011 of
tliu111 ; i ~ ~ i d a certrrill number of men in every Regt. pri~ctised
i n firing them."
2. "The charge recommendetl by Col. I'asley, for blonr-
iilg open gates, is fro111 60 to 1201bs., n~i d this is doubtless
s ~ ~ f i c i e ~ ~ t i n ordinirry cases, Ijut iu this irlsta~ice Ire were
apprchcnsirle tl~itt the eueniy ~iliglit liave tdieo itlitrln at our
1)eilig so l1iucli on thitt side of tlie pl:tce, niid ill consequence
have 1)arti:dly or wholly built up the g;ttc-tvny. I t Ivns after-
\varcls foui~cl tlii~l; sollle attempts of the l r i l i t l lincl been iliatle
by 11roppii1g up the gate with beams." (90)
(88)
See Table, No. 4', Appendix.
(89)
Prom Capt. Oulram, pp. 197 t o 200. As Capt. (now Blajor)
Peat's observntiol~s contain some points of interest they are inserted
Ilere, as they expli~in t he reasons for t he great quantity of ponder used,
and other nlatters relative t o Asiatic sieges.
( DO) 'I'he gate-way mas st.remed with timbers, wllicl~ Iny in it as if
they hnd been placed i n ne:irly ~) i ~f i ~l l el lines, wit11 ruhbish between them.
That thegnte mils propped up with tiinbers there can I)e no tloubt ; :lnd i t
is proljnble (by being filsteued across t he g:tte one above t l ~ e other), t l ~ a t
when the explosion took place, tlroxe mlricl~ were ~~pper mos t were blown
to t he greatest distance, thus scilttering t l l en~ :dong t he allole range.
The effect of t he explosion on t he roof, nl)l~enred to be about t he centre,
where 'there wirs a recess to t he Icfl; just be yo~~d ahi cl ~, t he gate-way
took n turn to the riglr!.
Charge Jbr Blozoing o p n a Gate.
3.
'' Tlie charge was so heavy, tliiit it iiot only de-
stroyed the p t e but brought down a coiisiderirble portion of
t he roof of tlie square building in which i t ~vfis placed;
which proved :I very consideriible obstacle to tlie assaulting
colunlli, aild t he concnssion acted as far as a tower u~i der
~vhicli an officer's pnrty of 13. M.'s 13th Lt . Infy., were
standing al tlie tiine, brit witllont occnsioni~tg any cnsnnlties.
I n cases of this iiature i l is of course the first object to guard
against any chance of failure, and it is in~possible evcn,
now, to say how much tlie charge might liavc been redoced
mitli safety."
4. cc The enemy appeirred so niuch on t hc alcrt, and tlie
Fuussc-braye was so much ia atlvituce ol tlie gate, that me
never coiitenlplnted being able l o etrect our object by sur-
rise. Tlie only qaesbioii was whether it ought to be done
by clay, or nigh/. I t mas argued iu frrvor of the fennel;
tliat tlie At. lille~y mould be able to iiirrke so much lilore
correct practice, tliat tlie dcfences would be in a consider-
able degree destroyed, and tlie fire so completely liept under,
as to enable t he '< eqlo.sion p a ~ t y " to advance wit11 but
little loss, and with t he adviiiitage of being r111le t o see
exactly what they mere about. Capt. l'homson, however,
adliered to tlie latter, and we mere afterjvnrtls c o~~vi ~l c e d i t
was the lnost jutlicious plan; for although t he fire of tlie
A~ t i l b r y was necessarily illore generid tliaii i t mould have
been iu day-light, still it xvns so well directed, as to take up
a good deal of tlie attention of the besieged, and draw upoil
t h e i ~ batteries a portion of tlle fire which in day-light
woald have bee11 thrown upon the '' explosion party," and
'' assaulting col~~mns."
5. '' I t moult1 also, evcn in day-light, liave been difficult
with our liglit Artillery to liave kept down tlie fire so com-
pletely but tliat a, few nialcli-lock-nicn might have Itept
their position near the gate-way, ant1 in that narrow space n
smart fire, from a few pieces, might have obliged the party
to retire. The obscurity of t he niylat, to sity ~~ot l i i ng of t he
co~~fi ~si on nrhich it must occasion irmong undisciplinetl troops,
is ccrtaiiily tlic besl protection to a botly of mcn cngnged it1
a
I i
an of this nittare. Blue-light8 certainly render
objects di st i ~~ct l y visible, but their light is glaring and uncer-
tain, especially to men firing through loop-holes.)' (91)
6.
"The party of FI. M.'s 13t h Lt. Infy. consisted of 18
Officers ; 28 Serjeants ; 7 Buglers ; 276 Rank md File."
I t was ~nade of this strength, not only to keep up n heavy
fire upon tlie parapets, and thereby divert attention from
the pi~rty at tlie gate-way, but also, beca~lse we were not
aware wl~ether the 3'ausse-braye mas occlipied or not ; and
ns it cxtenrls so lil~icll ill a d ~ i l n ~ ~ . as to take t he gat e
co~i q~l et el l ~~ in ?*everse, it ~vould have been necessary, had a
fire opened fro111 it, to have carried i t by assault, before tlie
party with the hags could have advanced.
7.
"The party wit11 Lt. Dzcrand (Bengnl) was accom-
panied by six Inen of tlie 13th Lt . Infy. without their belts,
t he better to secure them froin observation, to protect t hem
from ;uiy "so~tie" that might be ~ r ~ a d e from t he C'postern of
t he liiltrsse-brnye on t he ~i gAt , or even from t l ~ e gate itself;
while :mother party under Lt . P. R. Jennings, (92) sccom-
pallied t l ~enl ns far its t he tower, so its to checli, any at t empt s
t hat migI11Ii;rve been nicde from the Pause-bmye, on the left,
and at the same time kecpi~ig up a fire on such of t he enemy
as shewed their Iiearls above t he partlpet ; of tliis party, one
mon was Irilled mid a fern wouuded." CC Nothing could
liave been more g; ~l l i u~t th:rn t he conduct of Lt s. Du~ur ~d arltl
McLcod, (Bengnl Engrs.) and the men under their comnland,
or lnore efficient than the n~anuer in which t hey executed
tlleir duty."
8. ('The powder being in bags, of a very coarse, open
texture, a long hose and port fire, Wi S thought to be t he
safest 111etl1od of firi~lg it. The end of the hose fortunately
(91) Tlie ancient use of " Blue-lights" was, to place them in such
a situation as to be level wi th the lower part of ; L wall, eo ax t o throw
a liglit directly forward on the ground, by which the besieged could dis-
tinguish any one approaching the wall, or counteracarp of a ditch, kc.
(92) H. RI.'e 13th Lt. Infy.
just reached the snlall ''poste~ti." (93) "The casualties
eluring this operation were much fe111er tliil~l mas expected,
being in a11 one privnte killcd; 2 Serjts. alld 23 riinl~ and
file wounded."
9.
ccTlle Ileaviest fire mas certainly ontsicle t he bridge,
for the er~elny near the gate-way being niarlied whciicver
they attempted to slie\v their l~eatls i~bove thc parapet, mere
obliged to confine tllemselves to tlie loop-holes, the range
from which is wr y uncer t i ~i ~i i~ntl lilnited, against me11
lnoving t ~boul . h 11igIi loop-liolcd wall, :rltliougli i~nposing
in appearitnce, is n proiile but ill iitlapted to resist allaclis uf
tliis nature." (94)
10. CC T l ~ c enemy wcrc perfectly aware tI~;lt we wcre in
tlie gateway, but i~ppcnrcd to have I I O idca of tho 11at11re of
our optx(1tio1is. Hid t l l ~ y been so, they miglit c;isily have
rendered it i~npossible to place t he powder bags ; by th~.on--
i ng ovcr blue-lights, of ~vliicli l l ~ey hi d it large q~iillitity ill
tore.^'
11. " the powder-pots and otherjre-works, so much usell
by the Natives of I~intlostan, would certainly have reiiderotl
tlie confined space leading t o the gate, lnucll too hot for
sucll an operation ; bul t he ig1ior;uice of the besicgecl was
linown anrl calculated upon ; the result sllows how justly."
12.
':Their i ~ t t e ~ ~ ~ p t ~ a t resistance were confilled to the
fire fi*on~ the loop-ltoles, and t hr ol vi ~~g over lilrge pieces of
earth, solnc of ~vliich itppearerl to bc iiitenderl to lillock ofl
the portfire."
13.
(( Tlic gc~ia-way appearccl from what I 1i;icI seen fro111
the liills t o tlle N. to lcncl strwight illto t he town.
I was
led to believe t hat the gate-w;ly had been bloclied up, fro111
seeiug in front of tlie gate t hat llad been destroyed, the
( I
Lt . Durand was obliged to scrnl)e t he Itosc will1 his fioger-nnils,
finding the powder failed to igt~ite on tlte lirst npp1ic:rtion of the l ~or l
Jiloe.
This sometimes 11;1ppens owing to the powtler getting cl:t111p.
(04a)
111 the cileOelcl tho loop-holes di d not comrn;rnd a fire on the
r\*orlcs helow.
'I'hr shots fi rctl from the cil(l(lcJ lelvor~ld not strilte tllose
cvitl~in 000 ynrtls OF t l ~c ditch ron1111 Llle fort.
2 11
outline of iln arch filled up with brick-lnaso~iry. (05)
The true entriuicc turned to the righl, ant1 nrould havc
been discovered by advancing a few paces, and that in per-
fect snfety ; for t he interior was secure from all fire."
14. cc Lt . Durand, on first going UP, saw fro111 tlirougli
the chinlts of the gate-that there nras a light, and a gunrtl
immediately behind i t ; aiid, from that circui~~stnnce, was
convinced that 110 interior obstacles of importa~ice existed."
15. ( ( A party of Suppers with felling axes, and oom-
lnanded by Lt. Wemyss (Rombny Engrs.) aiid two sc;Jing
laddcrs in charge of Lt. Piyou, (Bellgal Engrs.) accoilap:liiicd
t he assaulting coluinn, intended for the citadel if required."
16. Of ten Erigitlcer Officers engaged in this a t l i ~~k ,
only one, Lt . Mavriot (Bombay,) was sliglitly mounded.
Capt, Tlhomson (Bengnl) however had a very nwrow cscape,
Iiaving been thrown down by the rush of some swortlsmen
i nt o the gateway," (96) and iiearly stbrcd while upon
t he ground."
(Signed) A. Q. Pent, Cill~t.
Bombay Engineers.
12. De.~-l,atcii f rom H. E. Lt.-Gcnl. Sir J. ILeane, on the
capture oj' G/~/~zfiee.-G. 0. by the Coindr. of tlie Forces,
EIead Quarters, Jfeerut, 27th (97) August, 1839. By
t he Right Hon'ble t he Govr. General. SimlJl ; 27th
August, 1839.
Cc The Rigllt Hon'ble the Govr. Genl. is pleased to direct,
that the following notification, issued froin the Secret Dg t .
under date the 18th I nst . and the report fivom I-Iis EXCJ~. t l ~ c
Comr.-in-Chief of the CC Armp of the bdiis," snnonncing
t l ~ e capture, by storll~, of the important forlress of Gl~uanee,
therein referred to, be published in Genl. Orders, for the
information of the nnnies of the thrce Presidencies."
(96)
The gate-way toolc a turn to tlie riglrl when half wily tl~rough.
( 9 ~ ) Wl~on they cut in between the " Arl un~l cs" i ~ n d the " Slorf?~ing
pavty!'
(97) Afistnke ns to clntc.
Aroti$cation.
Secret Depmlment ; Siinlnh, t he 18t h August, 1839,
Tile ltight 1Ion'l)le the Govr. Ge~l l . of Ii~di;, has great
gratificalion in publisl~ing for general i ~~f or nl at i ol l , ;l col,y
of 11 report this day received from I-Iis Excy. Lieut.-Genl.
Sip' J. I hdl ~e, I<. C. B. kc. Co~i i r . - i i l - Chi ~f of tile ccArtny
yf the IIZ~US," a~l l l oui ~ci ~l g t he capture, by storill, 011 tile
23rd ultimo of Lhe iinport;~iil fortrcss of Cc GAztznee."
A salute of twenty-one gulls will be firer1 on tlic rcceipL
of this intclligeiice a t all llie principal stalions of the Asmy
ill tlic t l ~r r e Presitlencies."
By order, kc.
(Signed) T. H. RIatldocl~,
Offg. Secy. t o Govt. of Illdin,
with the Govr. General.
Il ead Quarters, Canlp, GI~uznee, 24th July, 1839.
To thc Riglit I-Ion'ble Lord Auckland, G. C. 13. kc. kc. kc.
+
My Lord,
1. '( I have the satisfaction t o acqnaint your Lordship,
t hat the army u ~ ~ d e r my comni ~l nd ha8 succeeded in per-
f or n~i ng one of t he most brillia~lt act s i t has ever been
~ I I Y lot t o \viti~ess, during my scrvice of 45 years, in tlie
four qnarters of tlie globe, i n t he capture, by stonn, of
the sLrong and i mport n~i t fortress and cit;~del of Giiuxnee,
yesterday."
2. '( I t is not only t hat the dfgl~nn nation, and I
ul ~der s t a~~t l Asia generally, have looked upon it as iinpreg-
liable, but i t is in reality :I place of great strc~lgth, both b~r
~~nt ul - e art, far illore s o t1i,111 I had rcasoll to sul ~pose
+
from any des cr i pt i o~~ t hat I have received of it ; altllougll
sonic ;Ire from of r ~cer s Srom our own service, who Ilad seen
i t in their travels."
3,
(( I was surprised t o find a high raniIli~rt in good
repail; built on a scarped ~nound, about 35 feet higll,
1
flrlrrlreil by lluillerous towers, ;old surroul~ded by a '1'rLnsse-
LTnyey alhd ;L n ~e t ditch, whilst the height of tlie ' Citudet
covered tllc inlerior from t he comn~;inding fire of t he
Ilills froill tile nortll, relldcrillg i t ilugiltorjr. 111 adtlitioll
2 n 2
204 Despatch ~ c g a ~ d i r v Ihe
lo this, screen walls lint1 beeu built bcforc l l ~ e g:';itcs ; t l ~ e
[litch l\lits fillnd lvith watel. and ur~fortlal)le, and :ui out-worli
bllilt 011 t hc right bank of tlie river, so as t o co~iintiuld t he
bed of it."
4. I t is therefore the lnore lionorablc lo l he troops,
and nus st appear t o the ellenly o ~ t of ;ill ci~lculntion exlrn-
or di ~~ar y, that a fortress and citirdel, to the s t r e ~ ~ g t h OF
nlhich, for the last 30 years, lhcy had been adding sonle-
thing eiich ycirr, and which Iiad a ga r r i s o~~ of 3,500 hll'glrirn
soltliers, con~mandetl by Prince ~llahomecl FIycler, t he son of
Dost Mol~omed lihcin, the ruler of the coui~Lry, nlith a
coilinianding ~ ~ u n ~ b e r of guns, 2nd abundirnce of a ~l i ~i l l ~~l i t i o ~i
and other stores, provisions, &c. for a regular siege, shoultl
be ti~lcen by British s c i e ~~c e and British vnlonr, in less t11a11
t wo holirs from llic Lillie t he attack wits niade, and tlic
whole, i ~l cl udi ng the Govr. nnd garrison, should fall inlo
011r l i i ~ ~ i ~ l ~ ? ~
5. 'C My tlispatcl~ of the 20th Inst. from .iVon~zee, mill
have made know11 to your Lordship, Lhat Ll~e camp of His
Naj cst y Shah Shoojnh-001-~Moolk, ;und of Major-Gcnl. WiEl-
sl ~i re, wit11 the Uonibiry troops, h:rd tlicre joined me i n
rrccorda~lce with lily desire ; irad the following morning me
madc oar ~narcli of 12 miles to Chu;nee. The l i ~ ~ e oS
niarcli being over e f i ~ e plirin, llie troops were disposer1 i n
i r malincr that ~vonl d have ellitbled iiie at ally mon~cnt , hzd
nle bee11 attaclied, as \vss probrrble from Lhe large bodies of
troops niovi~lg on each side of us, lo have plnced tliein ill
position to receive t he enemy. They ditl no1 ho\vever
appear, b r ~ t 011 our coming ~vitliin range of the guns of t he
citadel and fortrcss of Gilwr8eq n smart ca1111011ade wirs
openetl on our lentling colurn~ls, together will1 n heavy lire of
~liusketry from behilit1 girrdcn .iv:rlls, and tenipornry field-
works throlv~l up, as lvcll as the s t r o ~ ~ g oul-worlc I have
alreirily nlludetl to, nlhicll comnianded the bed of t.hc rivcl-.
From all but t he out-~vorlr t he enemy wcre (1rive11 in, under
tlie walls of the fort, in H spiriled lnamier I)y parties thro1v11
forward by Maj.-Ge~il. Si7. W. Cotton, of tiic 16th alitl 48t h
Beng~l N. I., a ~i d H. M.'s 13th Lt. I ~i f y. nndcr Brigr.
Q~e~ul i ons before Gl~n~zfzee.
Srt.k.
I orrlercd foi*~val.d thrre lroops of I-Iorse Arty., the
ame el-ljattery and one foot-birtlcry, to ope11 u l ~ o ~ l tlle
citadel and fortress by t l i r o~vi t l ~ sllrilpnell sltells, \vllic11 \vits
done in s nlasterly style, ullder the directioli of Brigr.
Z
Stevenson. My objcct in this m:ls l o nlitlie the eliemy sllow
t hei r strength in guns, 2nd ill other respects, wllicli coin-
pletely succeedetl, and our sliells ~nns t have dolle gre;tt
exectltioli ant1 occ;tsioned gl.et~t constern;ltion. Beiltg per-
fectly satislied on tlle point of their strength, i11 tlie course
o f 11:llf an l ~onr , I ordered tlle lire to censc, and l>lnc&I tile
t r oops ef z bivouac. A close ~eco?snoissa~zce of the 1)I;tce all
mu n d was then unc1ert;lkell by Cnpt. Tl~ovason, the cIlief
Eiigineer, : ~nd Capt. Peut of llic Bollibny Engilleers, accolll-
panictl by BIajor Gayden, llie Depy. Qr. Mr. Gelll, of tile
Bengal ;vmp, supported by a strong party of I-I. M.'s l6tll
Lancers, (98) :tnd one of 13. M.'s 13111 Lt. Infy. On tliis
part y, ;L steady fire was lrept up itnd some casualties
-B
occurred. Capt. Tl~ornson's report was very clear, (lie foulid
t he fortificnlions equally strong all rouncl) ant1 :IS lily our11
opinion coincided with his, I did not llcsitate a momcnt
as to t he manner in which our approach :md ;rttack upoll
t h e place should be made ; notwithstanding t he march the
t r oops had performed in the morning, and their having bee11
i k considerable tiilie engaged with the enemy, I orderctl t hc
whol e t o niove across the river, (wliicli runs close under tlie
f or t walls) i n colnmns to t he right allcl left of the town, and
t hey were placed ill position on the n o ~ l l ~ side, 011 more
con~mandi ng ground, and securing the Cabool roi~d. I Iiiicl
information t hat it rtigllt atlack upon the camp was intenclcd
4- from wi t ho~~t . ilfahonzed Ujkul I<l~a?z, the eldest son of
I
D o d Mal~orned Kl ~nn, had been sent by his fitllier ~vitli a
1 st rong body or troops froin Cabool to his brother's assistiulce
I a t Ghozl~ee, and was encamped outside the wirlls, but
nl)rlntloned his position on our i~pproncli, Iteeping holvevcr
:rt the distance of a few miles from us. Tlic two rebel
($8)
A aiisti~lcc for the 211d Bcng;rl Lt. Cavy.
206 l>etyaIclr, or^ Ihs
r.llief.s of tllc (gilzic tribc, nlen of grcnt i nf l uc~~cc ; vix. Abdool
n11t1 Goo/ Mollovhed Kticln, li:~d joined Iii~n with
1,500 Ilorse, itl~tl illso it bod~r of 3,000 Ghazees fi.0111 %ei?tr~t
ullc]cr :i rnixtnrc of chiefs a ~ ~ d Mool i ~l i ~, cilrryi~ig bi t ~i l ~ers,
illld \1,11o had been i~ssel~lbled on tlie cry of a religioris war.
Ill sliol-t, ~ v c were, in all directions, surroundell by encmies.
TIlese I ; ~s t nctoally came do~vt i the I-Iills 011 llie 2%1itl, ant1
ntl:iekctl t he p,trL of the CitIIIl) occrlpietl by 1-Iis I\iIf\jcsty SIiitIl
Slloojirl~, aud his troops ; bul were drivci~ back wit11 co~l si -
dcr;~l)Pe loss, ant1 banners t:tlren."
6. " At daylight on llie 2211~1 I reconnoitred Gl ~z~snec,
ill coui l x~i ~j r ~vitli the chief Engineer, ai d the Brigr. Coing.
tllc Arty., with tlic hcljt. ni ~d Qr. Mr. (3ei1l. of tlic Be11g:rl
Arnly, f or the p~upos e of n~alcing all arrn~igemcnts for car-
ryi ng the place by storni, and these were completed in t he
coursc of t he day. Instead of tlie tedioos process of breach-
i ng, (for nrliicl~ ~ v c were ill prep:~red) C;tpt. Tt~onzson u~l der-
took, n~i t h tlie assistilnce of Cnpt. Pcat, of t he Bon1b;ly Engi-
ilccrs, Licuts. Du~'c~nc2 :r~ld ~fncLeoc1, of the Uengnl Engi -
necrs, ;old otller oficers uiider Ilim, (Capt. Tliol~zson) to blow
in tllc Cuhool gat e (thc wenlwst point) \vitl~ gunpowder ;
and so much firitli ditl I place 011 Lhe srlccess of t he opera-
tion, tllnl 111y plans for t l ~ e assault were ii~~~iledirrtely Iirid
down, aild l l ~ e orders given."
7.
" The diIrerenL troops of IIorse Arty., the c a ~ i ~ e l :lnd
foot b;itlcrics, moved off their groulld at 12 o'cloclc t hnt
niglit, \vithooL t hc slightesl ~ioise, as had been directed, ;rnd
i n tlie most correcl manner, tool< np t l ~ c position nssignc~l
them, about 250 y:trds from t he wiills ; in like manner, and
with the snllle silcnce, tlie 1nf:rutry s o o ~ ~ ilftcr moved fro111
their groulld, ancl all mere a t their post a t Qle proper time.
A few 111inritcs before 3 o'clock in the mornii~g, t he '< cxplo-
sion" took place, and proved col~lpletely successful. Capt.
Peat, of the Boi11I)ay 1311gilicers, \vas t l i r o ~ v ~ ~ clow~l a1111
stunned by it, but sllortly afler recovered his selises ancl
feeling. On Ilearing tlic i~clvnnce sounder1 by t he bugles,
(being t he sign;ll for the gate l i avi ~~g beell blown in) the Ar-
tillery, undcr the able directioils of Rrigr, Stevmzson, consist-
i ng of Capt. Granl' sTroop of Ben@ Horse Arty., tlie caulel-
battery urlder Cirpt. Abbolt, boll1 superintended by Mnjor
Pew, Captains Marlin' s and Colgrave's troops of Bombay
Horse Arty., and Capt. Lloyd's battery of Roinba~7 Foot
Arty., a11 opened a terriiic fire upon the citatlel niid r;rmp;vts
of the Fort, ant1 in a certi~in degree paralyncd tlie ene~ny."
8. " Under tlic gui(1ancc of Capt. Tl~on,son of llie Eengal
Eiigrs. Lhe chief of the Department, Col. Dennie, of R. M.'s
13111 Li ght Infy. Comg. Lhc advance, consisting of thc lighl
Cos. of I-I. 14. ' ~ 2nd iui;l 17t h foot, ;ind of the Ucngiil Euro-
pean llcgt., n~i t h one Coy. of 13. M.'s 13t h Lt . I~ify., pro-
ceedctl to the gate, and nrith greal diflicolty, froin Llic rab-
bish tkro.crii tlon~li, ,uld tlie dctcr~niried opposition olfereil by
the enemy, eflectetl all cntri~nce and est:rblished themselves
within llie gale~vny, closely follo.cvet1 by the niain colu~iin,
Icd in n spirit of grcnl gallantry by Brigr. Sole, t o \vllonl I
had enlrustetl the important post of Conlg. the '( Slowi~-
ingparly," consisting (with the a d ~ i ~ ~ l c e above mentiotietl) of
13. M.'s 2nd foot under Maj. Corrulhers, tlie Bengirl Enro-
11ean ltegt. under Lieut.-Col. O~chavcl, followed by 13. 14. ' ~
13th Ligllt Infy. under Major T"o?uon, ant1 13. 31:s 17111
Regt. untler Lieut.-Col. C~oker . The struggle \vithin Llic
fort mas desperate for a consitlerable tinle ; in rrtldition to
t he heavy fire kept up, our troops were assailed by the clie-
illy surord in liiuld, alld with daggcrs, pistols, kc., but British
courage, perseverance aild fortilude overcame ill1 opposi-
tion, and the fire of the encmy in the lower area of tlie fort
being nearly silciicecl, Brigr. Sal e turlied to~vards the citatlel,
from .cvhicli could ilow be seal men irbandolling their guns,
running i n all directions, throwing Lliemselvcs down fi.0111
immense heiglits, endeavouring to nialte their cscnpe, anrl
on reacliing thc gate, with 11. 14.'~ 17th uiiclcr Lieut.-Col.
C~oker, followed by the 13tli, forcer1 it open; at 5 o'clock
in the morning, the colors of 11. M.'s 13t h irncl lftli mere
plirnted on tlie citadel of Gl~uznee, amitlst the cheers of :ill
rirnks. l nst ant prolection \vits grnntccl to llie lvoiiwn foon(l
i n the citadel, (amoi ~gsl whoni werc tliosc of ~Ifulro~nerl
IIyder, Lhc Governor) ;uid scnlrics p1;icctl o\ el. tllc ~1 i i g : ~i u c
for its security. Brig. Strle reports having received mucll
assistance from Capt. Rersliaw, of 13. M.'s 13th Light I ~ ~ f y . ,
throughout thc ml~ole of the service of the storming."
9. c C Major-Genl. Sir W. Collon. esecilterl i l l a manner
nluch to 11ly satisf;~rt.io~l, t he orders 11e l i ~ d receivccl. The
Mi ~j or GenI. follolved cl os ~l p the assanltiug p:rrty into the
fort, with the CC Re~er ve, ' ~ namely, Urigr. llobel-ts with the
only available Regt. i n his Brig;~de, the 35th X. I. under
Lie11t.-Col. nfontea.th ; part of Brigr. Snle's 13rignde, the 1Gth
N. I. ll~irler Major ~IfcLamn,, n11t1 48th N. I. under Lieut.-Col.
T.t%ecler ; mnd they immediately occupicd the T X I I I ~ R ~ ~ S ,
put,ting tlo111n opposition ~vl~erever they met any, and n~nk-
i ng lxiso~lers lllltil t he place \vas completely in our posses-
s i o ~ ~ . A clesultory fire 117ns kept np in the town long after
t he citadel was i n our hands, from those who had talicn
refuge i n hor~ses, and i n desperation liept firing on all that
nppn)acheci them. I11 this way sc\lernl of our men were
wounded and solne liilled, but the aggressors paid tlearly
for their bacl coudnct i n not surrendering wl~cn tlle place
was co~npletely onrs. I ~ n r ~ s t not omil; to o~ention tI~iLt the
three companies of t he 35t h N. 1. under Capt. Hay, order-
cd to the South side of the fort, to begin nlitl-1 a. false ilttnck,
t o attract attention to t hat side, perforu~ed that service, at
t he 1 x - o ~ ~ ~ time, and greatly to my satisfi~ction.'~
10. '( As we were tIi1.eatcncd with an attr~ck for the
relief of the garrison, I ordered the 19111 Bo~nbay N. I.,
under the command of Lieut.-Col. Xlalker, to guard the
Cab002 ~ocr.iZ, and to be in support of the Clrvalry Division.
Tllis ni ght have proved an i~uportant position t o occupy ;
bllt ns it, llfas, no enemy appeared."
11. c c The Cavy. Divn. under Major-Genl. TILackzue22,
i n additiol~ to watching t he npproilch of ;u1 enemy, hat1
directions to surround Ghuznee and to sweep the plain, pre-
venting the escape of run-aways from the gitrrison. Brig.
Arnold's Brigarlc (the Brigadier himself I (leeply regret to
say, was laboring under very severe illncss, having shortly
before biirst a bloorl-vessel iutenlally, \vllich rendcred it
holly ii~lpossible for h i ~ u t o mouut ir horsc t hi ~t diry) coil-
sistiug of H, M.Js 16th Lalicers, uader Liet~t.-Col. Persse,
nlonle~itarily Comg. t he Brigade, a i d Mnjor McDoweZ, tile
junior M;ijor, the Regt., the senior Major of the lCitll Lan-
cers, Blajor Cuveion, an officer of great merit, being aclively
engaged in the execution of his tluties as Asst. Adjl. Genl.
of t he Cavy Divn., the 2nd Cavy. under Major Sal/er, and
the 3rd under Lieut.-Col. Snzylh, were ordered to watch the
South and West sides. Brigi.. Scotl's brigade mere placed
on the Cabool 7'0adY consisting of I-I. M.Js 4t h Light Drags.
\mder Major Duly, a d the 1s t Bombay Cavy. under Lieut.-
Col. Snndwitlt, to watch the North ant1 Eilst sides. Tliis duty
was performed in a mmiier greatly t o my ~atisfi~ctioll. ~'
12
" After t he stonuing, mid that quiet was ill soille
clegree restored within, I contlucted His Majesty S/~(L?J Sl ~oo-
jul~-ooZ-Af~~lk, a11d tlie Brilish Envoy and Minister, Mr. 1-c-
nagi~ten, round the citatlel, and a great palst of the fortress.
Thc king was perfectly astonished at oar having niatle our-
selves n~ast er s of a place conceived to be impregnable,
when defended, i n the short space of two hours, and in less
than 48 hours after we c a ~nc before it. Hi s Majesty mas of
course greatly delighted a t t he resnlt. When I afterwards,
in the course of tlie day, took Mahomed Hyder I<han, the
Governor, first to t he British Minister, and then to the
king, to ~ i ~ a k e liis subnlifision, I i ~i for~l i ed I4is Mixjjessty,
t hat I had lllade a plsonlise that his life should not be touch-
ed, and t he Icing ill very hirndsome t er i ~l s asse~~t ed, and
illformed Mul~omed II!/der in my presence, that i i l t h o ~ ~ h
he alld his family had beell rebcls, yet he mas ~villirig to for-
get and forgive all.
13.
'< Pvince Mahomed ITydel., the Govr. of Ghuanee, is
a pi soner of Wa r in ~ n y caml), and under t he surveillance of
Sir A. Burnes ; an arrangement very 'agreeable t o the for-
mer."
14.
Fr om Major Genl. Sir n7. Cotton, Comg. the 1st
Illfy. Divn. (of the BengaI Army) I have invariably received
tile strollgest s\ipport, and on this occ;rsioil liis exertions
were lllariifest i n support of tile honor of the profession irnd
of 0111' country."
2 R
15.
cc 1 lia\w likewise ilt ill1 tillies received able nseistsr>ce
fro111 Major-Genl. Willsiiire, Coiilg. the 2nd Infy. Divn. (of
t he Ronlbay Army) which it was found expedient on t hat
day to break up, some for the stonning party, and some for
other duties ; t he Major-Genl., its directed, was in attend-
ance upon myself."
16. CC To Brigr. Sale, I feel deeply indebted for the
gallant and soldier-like manner in which lie contlucted the
responsible and arcluous duty entrusted to him, in conlillantl
of the storming party, and for the a~.rtliigernents he made
i n t he citadel, i n~l nedi at el ~ after taking possession of it.
The sabre wound, which he received in the face, did not
prevent his continuing to direct his colriilln until every thing
was secure ; ancl I am happy in the opportnnity of bringing
t o your Lordship's notice, the escellent condlict of Brigr.
Sale on this occa~ion.'~
17.
'' Brigr. Stevenson, in conlnisnci of the A~t y. was all
I could wish ; and he reports, that Brigade Miljors Backiiozlse
and Coghlan ably assisted him ; his arrangements were gootl,
and the execution done by the arrn he commancls was such
as cannot be forgotten by those of the enemy who have wit-
nessed i u~d survived it."
18. (' To Brigr. Roberts, to Col. Denrzie (who co~nmand-
ed the admnce) and to the different officers Comg. Kegts.
already nlentioned, as well as to the officers and gallant
soldiers under them, who so tiobly maintained t l ~e honor
and reputation of our country, my best acknowledgments
are due."
19.
' C To Capt. Tlionason, of the Bengal Engineel; the
chief of t he Departt. with me, much of the credit of the sue-
cess of this brilliant '< Coup-de-main" is due ;-a place of
t he same strength, arid by such simple nietrrls as this highly
taleiited and scientific officer recommentled to be tried, hns
perhaps never before been taken; and I feel I cannot do
eufficieilt justice t o Capt. Tiromson's merits, for his conduct
throughout : in the execution he was ably supported by the
officers already mentioned, and ~o eager were the other offi-
cers of the Engineers, of both Presidencies, for. the honor of
For the SIoming of Glcuzriee.
21 1
carrying the powder bags, that the point could only be decid-
ed by seniority, which shoivs the fine feeling by which they
are aninlated."
20.
" I iiiust now illforin your Lordship, that since I
joined the Bengal column in the valley of Sl~awl, I have
continued my n~ar ch wit11 i t in the advance, and it has been
my good fortune to have had the assistance of two most
efficient Staff officers, in Mitjor Craiyie, Depy. Adjt. Genl.
a i d Major Garden, Depy. Qr. Mr. Genl. It is but justice
to those oficcrs, that I sliould state to your Lordship, the
high satisfitction I have derived from the nianner in nrhich
all their duties have bee11 perfornled up to this day ; and
that I look upon them as promising officers to fill the high-
er ranks. To t he other officers of both Depts. I a111 also
much indebted for the correct perfornlance of all duties
appertaining to their situations."
21. " To Major Keith, the Depy. Atljt. Genl., and Major
Campbell, the Depy. Qr. Mr. Genl. of the Bombay army,
and to all tlie other officers of boll1 Depts. under them, my
acknowledgn~ents are also due, for the manner in which their
duties have beer1 perforii~ed during this campaign."
22. " Capt. Aleirander, Comg. the 4th Local Horse, and
Major Cunningham, Co111g. the Poonah Auxiliary Horse,
with the men under their orders, have been of essential ser-
vice to the ar111y in this caii~paign."
"The arrangements nlade by Superintending Surgeons,
ILknnedy and Atkinson, previous to the ~t onni og, for afford-
iiig assistance and collifort t o tlie wounded, nlet with my
approval."
23. Major Parsons, t he Depy. Commiusnry Genl. in
charge of the Dept. in the field, has been unremitting in his
attention to keep the troops supplied, although much difficul-
ty is experienced, and he is occasionally thwarted by the
nature of the country and its inhabitants."
24. I have, throughout this service, received the ut-
rnost assistance I could desire from Lieut.-Col. Mncdonnld
lriy Offg. Mily. Sec., and Depy. Acljt. Genl. H. M.'s forces,
TSon~bity; from Capt. Powell, u ~ y Persian Interpreter, ant1
2 ~ 2
the otlier officers of my personal staff. Tlie nature of the
co1111try in wl ~i cl ~ we are serving prevents tlie possibility of
nly sending a single staff officer to deliver this to your
Lordship, otl~erwise I sliould have aslted my Aide-de-
Ca~np, Lieiit. Ifeane, to proceed to Simla, to deliver this
despatch into your hands, and to 11ave afforded any further
information that your Lordship could have desired.''
25. " Tlie brilliant triumph we have obtained, t he cool
courage clispl:~yed, and the gallant bearing of the troops I
hare the lioilor to command, will li:rve taught such a lesson
to our ei~eiiries in tlie Aflblran nation, as will malte them
hereafter respect the name of a British soldier."
26. cc Our loss is wonderfully small, cor~sidering t he occa-
sion ; the casualties in killed and wouilded amount to about
200."
27. Tlie loss of the e ~ ~ e n l y is immense ; we have
already buried of their dead nearly 500; together with an
immense niin~ber of liorses."
28. c' I enclose a list of the killed, zuoundecl, nndnzissing.
I irul happy to say, that although the wounds of sonle of
the officers irre severe, they are irll doing well."
29. Cc I t is illy inteation, after selecting a garrison for
this place, and estiiblishing a Genl. Hospital, to continue
my march to Cabool forthwith."
I have, &c.
(Signed) J. Ifeane,
Lielit.-Gcneral.
List of killed, wounded, and missing, in the army under
the comin:uid of Lieut.-Genl. Si r J. ILeane, before Ghuwlzec,
,on the 21st July, 1839.
2nd Troop Bengal Horse Arty.-3 Horses nrounded.
3rd. do. Bolllbay do. do.-2 Rank andfile, 2 lldrses
wounded.
4th. do, do. do. do.-] Horse ltillecl.
2nd. Regt. Bengal Cavy. 1 Horse killed, 1 rank and filc,
wounded.
4th. Bellgal Local Horse-1 rank and file and 1 I-Iorse
niissing.
And missing at the Sl0s.m of Ghuwnee.
213
H. M.' s 13th. Light Infy. I rank and file Itilled. (99)
16th. Bengal N. I.-1 Capt. mounded.
48th. do. do. -1 Lieut. rlild 2 rank and file wounded.
Total Icilled-1 rank and file, and 2 Horses.
Tolal wounded-1 Captain, 1 Lieut., 6 rank aqd file, aud
5 horses.
Tofal missing-l rank and file, and 1 Horse.
Names of Officers woundetl.
Captain Graves, 16th Bellgal N. I. severely.
Lieut. Vun Homrigh, 48th Bengal N. I., slightly.
(Signed) 1Z. MucdonaliZ, Lie1eut.-Col.
Mily. Secy, and Depy. Acljt. Genl.
H. X ' s Forces, Bombay.
List of the killed, wounded, and missing in the Army
under the Corn. of Lieut.-Genl. Sir J. Keane, I(. C. B.
and G. C. 13. in the assault a ~ ~ d capture of the fortress and
citadel of Ghuxnee, on the 23rd July, 1839.
Genl. Staff, 1 Colonel, 1 Major mounded.
3rd Troop, Bonlbay H. Arty., I rank a~i d file wounded.
4th do. do. do. 1 rank and file, and 1
horse wounded.
Bengal Engineers, 3 rank and file Itilled, 2 rank and file
wounded, I rank and file missing.
Bombay do. 1 Lieut., 1 rank and file wounded.
2nd Bengal Lt. Cavjr., 1 rank and file wounded.
1st Bombay Lt. Cavy., 1 Havr. killed, 5 rank and file,
and 7 horses mounded.
EI. M.'s 2nd foot, (or Queen's lloyal,) 4 rank and file
killed, 2 Captains, 4 Lieuts., 1 Serjeant, and 26 rank and
file wounded.
H. M.'s 13th Light Infy., I rank ant1 file killed, 3 Ser-
jeilnts and 27 rank and file ~vounded.
H. M.'s 17th foot, 6 rank and file nlounded.
Bengal European Regt., 1 rank inld file killed, 1 Lieu(;.-
Col., 1 Major, 2 Captains, 4 Lieuts., 1 E~lsign, I Serjeiuit,
51 r;mL and file rvounded.
214 Despatch-Fumes of qflcers'
16th Bellgal N. I., 1 Havr., 6 rank and file wounded.
35th do.
do., 5 rank iuld file killed, 1 Havr., 8 ranlc
and file wounded.
48th do.
do., 2 I-Iavrs. killed, 5 rank and file wounded.
Tot al killed-3 Serjts. or Ilavrs., 14 r a ~ ~ k and file.
Total wounded-1 Colonel, 1 Lieot.-Col., 2 Majors,
4 Captains, 8 Lieuts., 2 Ensigns, 7 Serjts. or Havrs., 140
ralik and file, 8 horses.
Tol al missing-l rank and file.
Grand 202~1, on the 21st and 23rd Jnly, killed, wounded,
and missing, 191 Officers and men, and 16 horses.
(Signed) R. Macdonald, Lieut.-Colonel,
Mily. Secy. and Depy. Adjt. General,
Her Majesty's Forces, Bombny.
Nalnes of Officers, killed, wounded, and missing.
Wounded.
General Sta$.
Brigadier SaZe, H. M.Js 13th Light Infy. slightly.
Major Parsons, Depy. Conlmissary Genl., slightly.
in zneers. Bombay C y'
2nd Lieut. Marriott, slightly.
H. M.'s andfoot, (or Queen's Royal.)
Captain Raitt, slightly.
,, Robinson, severely.
Lieutenant Yonge, ditto,
, Stisted, slightly.
Adjutant Simmons, ditto.
Quarter Master IIaclley, ditto.
Bengal European Regt.
Lieut.-Colonel Orchard, slightly.
o r Warren, severely.
Captain Hay, slightly.
,, Taylor, ditto.
Lieutenant Broadfoot, slightly.
, Haslewood, severely.
Wounded at /?re Sfornr of Gl~uznee.
" 1 6
Lieutenant Pagan, slightly.
. ,, Magnay, ditto.
Ensign Jacob, ditto.
(Signed) R. Macdonnld, Lieot.-Col.
&lily. Secy. alltl Depy. Adjt. Genl.
11. M.'s forces, Bonlbay.
(True copies,)
(Signed) T. I-I. Maddock,
Offg. Secy. to the Govt. of Intli;~,
with the Govr. General.
(True copies,)
(Signed) J. Stuart, Lieut.-Col.
Secy. to t he Qovt. of Intlia, hlily. Dept;.
mith the Right 1-1011. the G.ovr. Qenl.
By the Comniander OJ Ihe Forces.
I n obedience to tlie instructions col~t;rinetl in the above
notification, a salute of 31 guns t o be fired at all tlie prin-
cipal Stations of this Presidency, on t he receipt of this
order. I
By order of the Colllnlander of the Forces,
(Signed) J. 3. Lumley, Major-Genl.
Adjt. Genl. of the Army.
13. Repa.irs to llse Wovks, 4c.-(G. 0. 24th July, 1839.)
-1. " The chief Engineer will send in the ]lame of an
officer, immediately, mith a view to his being employed,
professionally, in tlie garrison of Ghuznee; and he will take
such measures as may be necessary, for repairing the damsage
done to the works." (100)
2. Sick a n d wounded to be left. "The Suptg. Surgeons
of the Bengal and Bombiry coliunns, will send to the officers
of the Adjt. Genl.'s Dept. of their respective Presidencies,
returns of the number of sick ant1 wouwded, whom it may be
(100)
A portion of tlio wnll of the Citadel towardfi the centre
square, l~ncl been knocked down by the firing of the Artillery. l ' l ~e Ca-
boo1 gulc (see prim. 3 of G. 0. 23rd July) \VIIY h i l t I I ~ , and a wicltet
only left, as well 11s tho S. or B H Z ~ L ~ gi ~t e. The Kulinlr (or Cnntlahnr)
gate \vils nlono kept ope11 for ing. 1. e~~ s ~ ~ d egress.
c~ecl l l rt l llecessnry to leave at Ghzt:xnee; and they mill report
nlllliber for ~vllicll there niny bc accolnmoclation i n
IlUiltIings ill the fort; and the extent of t he I-Iospitnl
~s t n b l i s h ~~i e n t required to be left Ivith thrm." (101)
Tbere were 120 En~~opeui u, and sonle Native soldiers l eft
at Ghuznee. Major (now Lt.-Col.) G. T/\rurt.e?z, and Lt.
JK K. fIc1slezuoo~1, of the Enropel~n Regt., nllio \Irere s o badl y
wonndecl that they cooltl not march with their corps, as,
also Lt. Yonye, H. 31;s 2ntl Q~leeo's, were left behind, on
t he adva~ice of tlie anny to Cnbool.
3. Pr i ze l'roperly, Jlorae, $c. "H. l3. t he Comr.-in-
Chief is p1e;uecl
to direct the following measures t o be
adopter1 for the clisposal of the horses, mules, and bulloclts,
captured i n the fort of Ghuznee." (102)
"The 11lhole will he exposed for sale, by A~~cta'on, at 4
clock to-morrolv afternoon, i n the Bellgal Cnvy. lines ; al l
horses for which a sum exceeding 500 Rs. may be oifered,
ar e to be disposed of, at once; all, under that valne, (103)
are to be transferred t o the Comsst. Dept. ; for tlie yur-
pose of being tendered for the public service."
cC A Conlnlittee of Oflicers 1vill assemble on t he spot a t
the Silme hour, for the purpose of yizssir~g the horses ; alld
will be composetl of the following officers, viz." (104)
(101) The horises on three side8 of tho Citndel were given t o the
fiick and wounded men, and t l ~ e 4th side to the officers.
(102) " I n continuation of G. 0. of yesterday, officers Corng.
corps, and at the I~end of Depts., nre reqrliratl to cause t hei r l i nes a nd
barars, to besenrehad for cnptrired horses, l~l~lloclzs or mules ; al l wllich
may be found, nre t o be sent ;rt once, t o the lines of the Beng;rl Czrvy. ;
rind they will report direct to tlle 1). I\. G. of t l ~e presidency t o which
they belong, for the Comi*.-in-Chief's inforln:ttion, tllat t hey llrtve
calised tl~isorder to be carried into effect; t hat not a single cnpturecl
aninla1 Ilns been :~llowed to renlain in the lines of their corps; nnd
t11:rt all fo~lnd in then^, Ilave been disposctl of ;IS above dil.ected."
(103) See p. 100.
(104) Brigr. Scott, president, ancl
1ue11111ers (from FI. A., H. i\T.
16th Lancers, the Bengttl, nnd 13ombny, Cnvy.)
" The horses rejected by the Cummittee, its unfit for cnv:rlrp 1nlr170ses,
together with the mules, and bullocks: nre to be sold to t he lljgllcst
4. " Tlic l ~or s es wl i i cl ~ inny be passed i nt o t he service
by tlic Co~nmi l t ee, ilre t o bc clusserL in tlic usuirl mirnnel;
its f or ' Horse &by.,' ' DYU~OUUS,' iind Lt. C[ W~. ' iind
I ~a ndc d over t o tlie Comsst . Dept . A report of tlie number
of each cl:tss t o 11e n~; t de t o I-Id. Qrs. \ vl ~en orders will be
given for al l ot t i ng t hem t o llegts." (105)
5. Garriason R~~!jilleer.--(( Lt. B~or~dJoot, (Bellgal) Engi-
nccrs, to act as Engioc-er ill t he garri son; it11d will plilce
t he forb io ;L 11roper stirte of defence; under such inst~.uctions
as hc may reccive froni tlic chief Eligi~ieer."
6. Arms, 4c. n~issil7g.-" Officcrs Comg. l t cgt s. Iiaving
brongl i t \\lit11 t hcm fro111 t he fort, nrins i t r ~cl accout rei ~~ent s,
whicli do not bel ong t o t hcm ; rill r ct or r ~ t he sntne t o t he
Rcgt s, whose nun~be?. tliey benr ; and rcceive biick such as
1.oay bc t he propert y of t hei r own corps."
bidders. All l~orses purcl~irsed by Comnziusio~ted qfica,-.s nlay be p:iict
for by drafts on their giry for the n~onths of dug., Segt. and October.
l' l~ose yurcl~nsed by ~lctlivcs, arid others not in the service, must be
paid for on the spot."
" l'rovost Marsl~al IVil'ilaon will act ns Buctiorccer, ;md will furnish the
Pel. I'my ~MT. , of the Dengirl Colr~lnn, wit11 a list of officers who have
m:rde purc11:rses on the J ~ove tel-ms; nncl pay into his 11imds the nums of
money collected from other pe~.sons." " ?'he D. C'. G, will, likewise,
fuurnish t l ~o .Z'(y ~Vust er wit11 K statement of the nr~n~l)er of horse-r
1)i~ssed illto the service, vnl ui ~~g those :~tt:~cl~ecl to the tI. A. :md
I)ragoons, nnci Lt. C:rvy., nt the sums specified in the Regs. of the
servico, iE i b price of ;r ?.otto~tnl for tl~ose bri~nches." (Seep. 100.)
" Returl~s sl~e\\jing the nr~rnl)er of horses rcquired to comploto e11c11
corps, with reference to the number of Inon irct~~irlly prescnt wit11 the
irrnly, are to be sent, in~mediately, to the D. A. G., through \ ~ I I ~ I I I the
l)resitlent \\'ill receive instructions for the irllotmc~~t of the remou)al."
The Dultc of Jfrcl/inglorr \\.;IS of opinion that " the nearest approxi-
mation to tlrc den~nird of :I llegt. of Cavirlry for horses, is to cnlculatc
U ~ I I J I ~ one for eitch N. C. 0. :~nd soldier ~,rcscnt, and jitfor duly, and
011 con~n~irntl." (Guvwnod'b Ucspirtchcs, vol. lo, p. 103.)
(10.5) G. 0. .St11 JI I I ~, 1839. There were bout 800 horses cnp-
tured (some wonntled), 11nt only 59 were selccled by the (,!onllnittco
itltogetl~er, (1Sst. from virl~~irtion rctr~rn,) at 550 Rs. eirch. (See tidtle
No. ,1#, I \ J ) ~s . ) ' ~ I I I ? P ~ ufero :I300 origini~lly, ilic;luding L1)rosri Itillecl : I I AL~
thosc too hi~dly \von~idcd to be sold.
2 F
7. IJriso?zers. ( I 06)-Tiierc wcrc: ;11)o11t 1,500 /wiso?zers.
Exccp~ ;I fen; t l i cy lvcre a11 released. Soiiic wcre Illindos-
t nnecs f on~i t l ill tlie out-\rrorl{, wlio decl ared t l i cy wcr e
I ~r e s c c l i nt o t he service. Wi t h regard t o llic prisoners,
t : ~l t cn 011 llie 22nd J ul y, 011 t l i e diiy of Lhe attiiclr on Sl i n h
Slioojnh's carnp, twenty-five of t he fol l on~crs of tlie father-ill-
l aw of Dost IVf(~hon~ed n~l i o was ltilled, ~ v c r e broagl i t t o t h c
King, (I believe, i i cxt day,) ~vl i o offered to pi vdon t l i em.
One of t l ~e i n was vcry nbusive t o tlic king, and sl abbcd o n e
of hi s olrrn servant s who w:ts st n~i t l i ng behi nd 11im; upoi l
~vhi cl i I-Iis Maj est y' s at t enel ant s msJhed on t l ~ese people and
ki l l ed i he ~n; But tliis was, By n o o r d e ~ f r o m ShnJa Slhoojal~.
Thi s , 1 believe, t o bc t h c i ~ i ~ l fact ; imd I ~ n n d e pi t rt i ci ~l i t r
incliiirieu. (107)
8. l ' a~don nncl peace pl.oclr~imcd.-Tlicre was firing froi l l
n f e w lionses to-day, b u t i t ceased a13 P. sr., wl i e~i a11 resi st -
a n c c nras at :ti1 end. Pi ~r d o n lvils p ~ ~ ~ l i ~ i i i ~ ~ c l a nd t h e
peopl e came f r om t hei r hiding-pliices, and r e t ~ ~ n ~ e i l l o tlieir
l i omes.
Bos t fi Ia7~o~ned mils report crl l o bc close t o ns wit11 hi3
;Lrmy. IIycler I C I L ~ ~ L si ~i i l rhnl hi s fat11c.r lind mri t t cn t o h i m
t o hold oot, and l i c wonlcl coriic t o hi s assistance. T h e fall
of Gl~uxlzec wns k l i o \ v ~ ~ a t Cc~hool i ~ t 5 o'clock o n t he aft er-
xloon of t l i e s wne day. (10s)
(106) AL nl~out 9 A. nr. on the f33ril Jlily after the Europenrl t rool ~s
had been ~vithdrawn, it was reported that tl~ere wits anotller (smirll)
fort not far off, which wns occl~pied by tlre elrelny ; it wits intendetl to
send the Bengel Europe:111 llegt. nntl 2 grlns to take it ; but i t w:ls
surrendered on hearing of tlie fill1 of Glhuenee, f1.0111 snnle of those wl~o
hncl escnpecl from it.
(107) This ~ v i t s the st:lten~ent given by an officer, a relirtion of t,he
Envoy nnd Rlinisle~.. 1 msr~tion this here, ns 011 the occasio~k of tlrc
vote of tha111<~ to Siy .J. J ~ ~ I I ~ I C :1nf1 the Army of tile Inclus, (15nst Indin
Horrse, kltlr Ucc. 1839,) Sir C. 3'ovbex olq~osetl the vote till an es-
planation was given, of certain ~)ric;o~icr's hnvil~y becn '( belttrr(led 091 lllo
spot, in cold blood, by O Y ~ I : ~ ofSlrr11~ Shonj~rl~."
(108) There had been I~orsenlen st:rtio~led at every cigltt miles
between Glruznee arid Cnbool, :uitl tlre news was spceclily col~veyed :I
di st s~~ce of 88 ~l ~i l ee. The ~nesuenger gave out the rrews1~~rl)licl;y, ~sl ~i cl l
qnite disconcerted the JCIl'in, afllo \\icl~cd to bnve cor~ce:rlcd YI I C~ I ill-
telligence ns long ns he could !
9. Prize Agents.-(G. 0. 96th July, 1839.) '< I-I. E.
The Conir.-in-Chief, is pleased to nominate Lt . Ifeane,
H. M.'s 211d Regt. of foot and A. D. C. to H. E., a Prizc
Agent to the i\rllly of thc Intlus ; and lie i n~i t e s the officers
nncler his command belonging l o the Bcngd i ~nd Uoinbny
Presidencies, to iiominnte, fro111 iunongst llleir numbcrs, one
officer, in circli column, its their Prize Agcnt ; the ~iolninatioll
to be forwirrded with the least possible tlela); t o D. A.
Gcnls. of the Ucngitl and Bombay armies, by Geilersls
Comg, division^.^' (109)
IL was notified in G. 0. (110) thirt the officers of t he
Uel~gal troops liad voted for Capl. G. St. 1'. Lur cm~cc, 2nd
Bengal Lt . Cavy. as tlieir Prize Agent; and those of
Bombay, for Capt. X~on~zston, 19Lh Uonhay N. I. (and Piry
Mr.) Lt . Ifeme, Cq ~ t s . Law~eszce, and Swa~zston were
ordered to form Lhe Prize Colilliiittec for lhe capture of
Chusnee. TIic P~i z e Agents were nppointccl too late, lience
we lost some prize properly.
Prize Rolls from corps and Depts. eiilployed in the invest-
ment and cnpture of the fortress, nrcre ortlcred to bepre-
pared in Tdplicutc, and forwarded, willwut delay, to t he
D. A. Genls. of the Presidency to wliich llie party sending I
,
in llie Roll belonged. (1 11) . .)
14, Capture of Ali Musjid, (2Gth Joly, 1839.)-L. Lt.-. ",
Colonel Wade, i~fter a scrics of opernlions, (1 12) obtained ." '
'
possession of t he fort of Ali Musjid in tlie KhyI w Pass,
which was i n the possession of Dovt Hahorned's Lroops. ,
i
(109) G. O.20tIr July, 1630. '< 1-1. E, the Conir.-in-Chief i ~~v i t o s t ho
officcrs of t he troops of 11. $1. Sllrrh Shoojah, to join their brother uliiaers
/
of the Hengd and Bon111xy Amlies in tfla rrlaetion of Prim Agcnts,
;/1
forwirding tlloir votes i n the course of tho di ~y, to t he Envoy and
1
hlinistcr."
(110) 16th Bug. 1839.
(111)
The Prixu Act fol- Incliu nllows of oidy t wo Prize Agorlls,
'
I belicw all must bo c1lose11 by t he rwmg. I nlercly nlentiori this as I
am not nmnro of any c11;tngo ~ i n c e t l ~ c ci~pturu of Ulrurtpoor, 18th Jim.
i
1926. This, howcrcr, is ir question for the Pri m Agents.
(1 12)
Ilali~ilod n h r tho description of GI ~ u e i ~ ~ c in tl~i:; clrtlpter,
2 I73
220 Sick Dcpc;l al Ghzc:z~~cc.
i~(rr/ro~~~ccl Akbar Iihan, the s eco~~t l son, linrl ;L force OF 2,500
11ol.s~ :111d Foot, and fourtettn guns, :uid \v;~s statio~ietl a t
.Jell~l;.rbc~d, 103 miles from C:ibool, ;rnd 64 f ~ o n ~ Ali i l f ~ ~ $ j i ~ l ,
nlid 41 miles f1~on1 tlie Iiearl of tlie Pi ~ss. Rltbar Iclian, 1i;~tl
repenterlly jvritten to his father to be allowed to join
liiill ilt Cabool ; tlie fall of Ghz~zneo nt length, cariseil his
recall to the capital. This cvcnt plnced the Lt.-Colonel
a t n distance of only 167 imiles froill Ci~bool, and as tlie
ro:d ~vas now open t o his march on the city, while t he
Britisli troops a t Ghuznee were n~i t hi r ~ 88 miles of it, tlie
available addition of troops to tlie amount of 6 or 7,000
men, was in)portniit; as the t1ire;~tenilig tlie capital from
two quarters, at tlic saille tinie, presented a forinidable forcc
against tlie chief of Cabool. I f lie resolved t o make a st and
a t his capital, he linew that Ile would have to conterid
against two :u.mics ; and if beaten he could cnlcrilate 011 a
retreat b y iieitlier of tlie roads occupied by them. Tlic
most favorable plan ~vonl d 1i;rve beell to nieet tlie ntti~clc
before Col. PT41de's forcc coultl joi~l. I-Iatl we failed i n our
;rssaiilt on Gheztiee, we mz~ss2 have movetl, ilistantly, and
p~lsliletl on for Cabool ; vrith :r kiio\rrledge of tlie march of
:mother arniy by tlie IL'/17Jbel' Pass, Dost Maliouleci tvould
liave beell afraid to Iiirve moved fiv froill Cabool, as he must,
thereby, llnve entlnngei.ctl its attaclc on tlie othcr side. I t
nroultl, ~lndoiibtedly, Iii~ve been a cliflczdt operation for t he
army ; and nronld hive involved much loss : then, our object
~~r oul d liave been, an eirrly action wit11 Dost iTIcrliomecZ in tllc
field, to restore t he brtlai~ce iri our favor.
15.
Sick DgGt at Ghzcsnec, (27th July, 1839.)-6. 0.
1 .
" Suptg. Slugeon Allcin.so?z having represeiited tb;rt
suflicicnt Hospital Establislimcnt for the whole of t hc sick
alld t~ougzdcd of the arlliy, cannot be lcft at Ghuznee,
~vithout comproinising tlie eficieiicy of the ficld Iiospital,
TI. E. the Conir.-in-Chief is pleased to direct, t hat snc11 sick
and woulided lncn :IS could not he rcmovcd witlloiit risk,
bc left in tlic I-Iospitnl DepOt nt this plnce ; ant1 t l i i ~t all for
who111 tl-ansport is aviiilill)lc, sh:rll I I I OF ~ with thc army.
Sul)tg, Surgcons Ken7rer7y and A.lki?rso~~ t o scrid t o t.llc
Fovce Icft cat Glaunnee. 23 1
n. A. G. of tlie Boiiibny niid Beaprl col rl ~nl ~s, nz6~raeriwl
retiirns of tlic sick to be left, and the nu?ncs of the Medical
officers, niitl ii:rtnre of tlie cstablishnneiits r ecom~i i el ~ded to
i-cini~i~~,' '
9. " p(1. Surgeon lJi~~kc?yJ Eomb:ly riri1iyJ i s aplmiiited t o
the medicirl cliarge of tlie GIizc:z~~ee I)cpOt, iuntl is t o place
himself i n communicntion with Lhe D. C. G. d o :irrange for
l~rovisioning the sick, :uid for luedicill col1ifort.s."
3. " Calinp ecluipiige nad c;lrri:rg-c must be lcft for tll;
sick, and thcir nrrns ant1 itni~nunitiori coll~iiiued witli theni.
Supt,g. Surgeons t o see tlint rr suitable proportio~l of liirdi-
cines are lcft." ( 113)
4. Ijbl-ce Zcj % at Ghz~anee.-" A Dett. of Arty. of tlic
streilgtli noted in tlie margin, (1 14) uncler Lt . G. P. Seuly,
Bo1111)ily Arty. ; n Regt. of Native Iiify. ( 1 1.5) Bengal
Division, and 200 Iiorsemen i n tlie service of I-I. M. Slinli
Slioojah-001-311oolk to reniaiii at Glruanee."
> -
(( The wllole t o be under tlie coiiiiii:irid of t he officer at tllc
liead of tlie Regt , of Infy., destined to reixlai~i ; speci:~l in-
structions for xvlxose goidaince will Inereafter be furiiished
lliiii.JJ
A ltessali~h of 4t h (Bengal) Local Horse i s to bc addctl
to the details t o garrison Ghuznee. Pour of 11. &I. Sli:~li
Slioojarll's g111ls will, trlso, be added to tlie garrison."
(' The troops to reiiiniii in tlie fort, will movc illto camp
to-111orrow iiloriiilig ill; 7 o'clocli; froin whi cl ~ hour tlie coiil-
I
~iiiuicl of the garrison will devolve 011 t he oilicer Coing. t he
Hegt. of Native Iiiftliltry ( Mi ~i ~j ~r (IIOIV LI;.-CoI.) Muc L~Tc ~) ,
to rcnlaiii ill Gl~uznec.'' ( I 16)
5. 07-del. Jby nzn~clr l o Ca60ol.-'~ The troops will niove
(113) G. 0. 28th J I I I ~ , JS39. " The Chief Enginccr will give
clircclions for Iin\.i~rg Ll~c I~riildings scloctctl by the Srrptg. Surgeolrs
for the sick :tntl n.out~tlcd, 1)cing preporcd in tlre colirso of tho (liry,
for their rocaptio~~."
(11,13) Ono Subr,, otle Jcmr., throe I.Iavs., iour Nits., ant1 2 7
Privates.
(115) IGtll I?erlg:tl N. I.
( 1 16) G, 0. ' LBtll J I I I ~ , 183!).
ill t l ~c follo\vi~ig order. 0 1 1 t l ~e ~ l l o n i i o ~ of tlie
30th i,tst., tlic I-Id. Qrs. will quit Ghzcznee, nccompanictl by
troops H. A., tlie Cavy., No. 6, Lt. Pd. battcry, tlic
B ~ ~ ~ I Piirk, tlic El i gi ~~eer Dept., 1st and 4t h nrigatles of
I~I~J-. , tlie Bengnl Locirl I-Iorse, llie Fd. Colnsst., ant1 field
1.Iospital."
(( 011 the morning of thc 31st iiist,, n troop 13. A., Capt .
Lloyd's battery, thc 13ombay Park, thc Bombay Brigade
of Jnfy., a11(1 the Poon; ~h Arisy. I-Iorsc."
6~ The oiT~cors of the Bc~~gi xl StnR will iuove \\lit11 thc 1st
coI111nn; thosc of the Uol~ibily StalF ~vitli t hc 211~1 column,
lln(ler &f:~j, Genl. iViZlsl&ire."
So~i l c cliicfs ciune into caiiip t o olfer their services t o Sltcth
S]hoojo?b.
S;tlutes were fired by the Sl~nli.
C;. 0. 28th July, 1839.-CC All colors, and standards cap-
tured fro111 the ellenijrJ to be dnly reported t o tlic D. 8. G.
of the army, and retained till F. 0. ill tlie stirndirrtl ;i~ltl Qr.
gunrtls of thc corps to which tlie ci\ptors iilny bcl o~i g. ' ~
16.
Nzbzucll) ,Tuu6ba~ .l<l~an awives, (28~11 Jnly, 1839.)-
1 .
To-(lily about lioo~i Nunriib Jubbtrr I<l~nn, Dost Ma-
Ilomed's eldest brother, iirrivcd i l ~ cirlilp, wit11 a few 4fyliaris
escorted by ;I party of Lcincers from tlic irtlri~nce picquet, \r~ith
otrerti~res from his brothcr. Sir A. Burnes weiit to ~i i cct
Iiim, and accompailicd hini to tlie Xnvoy niid Minister. I-Iis
~iepllew, I-Iyder Klinn, was t l i ei ~ i e :\ tent close t o Sir A.
Bwnen, b ~ l t 11e was not i t l l o\ ~ed t o see him. The proposit1
\v;~s ellat his brother, Dost M:iliomed, slianld bc t he Tridel;
or Prime i\lii~ister, of t he Lingdom. Thc Shah receivcd
liilil \\lit11 conrtesy, aiitl readily offered to confirill tlic NZG~UC~I)
i n any posscssio~is he miglil; have, ;\nil to confev honors 011
Iliill. Tlie Nunrnb said hc \\?anted nothing for himself, and
thtrt he cnmc oil behalf of his I)rotlieiu. I-Ie was i i ~for~net l ,
tliirt .Dost ~MuhomecZ, if Iic i~grecd to tcr~ns, ~voriltl bc nllowe(1
n yensioii, (117) brlt inust rcside ill Irdin. T l ~ c Arzauab siiitl
tl~rrt his brotlicr ~vould not on ally t cnns coiiscnt to rcsidc ill
India.
(117) Of, I bclievc, unc l i ~kh Its. (E10,000) a ycrrr.
2. . Dosl ~M~t , honzed .l</~a?i, clirimcd l o lrc Vizier, it1 r i ght of
hi s l;\l;c b~. ot her , Vi zi er F~dllch I[/L(~?Z, I)ut tliis cl;rini hilt1
no f i , ~~l d i \ t i o n ; bcc;liise t I i o i ~ _ ~ h l r i l t l eh K/t(m l l ad been
Vi zi er, to S?I.CG/L ~ ~ ~ a / ~ ~ t ~ o o d 117110 ~ i s ~ i r p e ( I t l i c ~ I I ~ O I I C ; st i l l IW
liiive evitleiice t h a t it ~vi r s I ~ wc d i l o r g i n t h c pcr sol i of a
Nurul rzge. ( I 18)
3. Tl i c ooi1d1.ic.t of J ~ ~ b h a v Ii'llrrw, oil t hi s occ; ~si on, nr;u
~ i o b l e ; h c hacl ; i t o n c t i ~ n e been ilepri\rctl of his est;ltcs I)y liis
(119)
111 t he tinlo of rl1~)11crl Slrnlr (t he foundor of t ho Duu~*n/~ec
ottll)irc) t l ~e Viznrct ivils held by S11;11t Tl'trlli lilrrit~, 1f11?1tzy~, in ~ I I o s ~ ?
On tile s~lcccssion of Timoo). Sltalt, he dirl nut cotifcr t l ~ c tillc of
17isio. on any onc ; but i~ppointcd Goo1 i \ ~: ~l ~on~et l , Roban, /I~~zir-oo/-
~Vrooilt, (a l'ccr of tho rei~lm.)
Shnh Z~cntnn rostoretl t he Viznrct, :t11(1 gave it to \Iraff:idnr liltan,
St~ddoeyc, brother to n ivifc of Shalt Shoqjnll.
When Slrtllb M~~lrrrtood (t he yonnger brother of Slinl~ Zt~ninn, 1t11t t l ~e
oldcr Itrotl~er of Shah Shoqj:rl~) ivns ~)roclairned Icing, aftcr S11:lh Zr~tnnn
nras tletlironed, he mncle Puttell Kh;rn, Vizicr.
S1111lrrhSl1ooj116, when ho succeeded S~IIW ~W/rhi~~ood ns king, ostensil)lg
aclino~rlcdged Sl ~eor i\li~lio~ned Iillan, (the snriviving son of SA(IA Tlrt~lli)
;IS Vizier, Bnt i n reality placed conficletice in ~llcrnm lfhrrn, l'ol,itis(~i ;
on wl~ich Sllccr Mnliotucd retired t o C;tshmccr. When Sl ~ah Sltoojnh
])~~ojccted an expedition to Sintlh, lic invited SIIPCF hli~homcd g l ~ a n to
join I~ini, but 11e rcfi~sed. J3efol.e setting out, S11nl1 Sl~oo,jal~ n i ~ s joined
1)y F~itlclr I i I ~a n; who accon~pa~i i cd t he Sltalr t o Si~zrllr; and t he
Slt;~h designcd the Covt. of Siltnrl)ool., ilntl that of Dcraj(1t (the Ilpper
Jndos) for hi t n; but the jeirlonsy of Alr~acitn IiAon prevented t l ~eso
:~l)l)ointrncnts: Putlck l i l mn seoirtg this inllt~cncc retirecl.
Nan., fi.on1 this stittetncnt i t will 1)e sccn, t hat P~itlclb Kltntr, was
never appointed Vizier by any of thc Sud~l oqc Itings. '1'11:1t 11e
was appointed I)y Slrtilb 1TT~ilrmood tvho tlcpnsetl liis h~wt l ~er , and usnrpcd
tlte tltrotlc. All t he Viziers were S~~~l ~i oc yc s ; Ftiltelb IL'tun, was :r
13nrulrz?]c. Shah ,Shoojuh, tvl~ile living in thc ~no~lnt:riris, had :I tlcputn-
tion sent to him from Ct~bool; rund Itc iiros cron.tnod Icing, by the voice
of tho people ; imd with the collsellt and ~vi s l ~ of Slrolb Zuij~n~a; nvllo 1)cittg
blind, cortltl not, nccorcling to tlte ilr~rlro~ncrk~rr Lirw, reign. Besides,
t l ~ o ~ ~ g l ~ 1~'iillelrrh l i l , r i ~ ~ iv:rs Vizicr lo :I Sutklozjc Itinx, still nonc of hie
ltrotl~crs s~~c:ccetletl l ~i t n ; nor \fils tllc Viz;liact tlccli~red lo bc 11orcrlit111'y !
ljrotller; (1 19) b11t Ile snit1 he I I ~ ~ I I I L C ~ notliing for I~ilnsclf,
i l l l (l Ili~d 011ly coille to nli~lte n proposal 011 account of Dost;
hIi111onied. Fintlilig s11cli i~ rcsult, lie Loolc his dep: ~rt nre
for Cabool, nest. ~nor ni ng; declarilig liis det er~i i i nnt i o~l to
follorrr his Brol l ~e~' sf ; ?~l unes.
4. Dost ilinhonle[l, i t was reljorted, lind nsscmbled hi s
clliefs, slid h i d decl ~~r ed his conviction Lhat GI~z~z~zce had
fallen t l i ro~~gl l t rer~cl ~crg. I-Ie tlieli ;isl;ed tliein as to Lhcir
i~llentio~ls, iintl beggcd t11,iL those who did not inlencl t o
suppo~t l~inz, t o zuitlidrazo nl once. Tliey id1 replied t hat
t I q wcre true t o his cause, and woaltl support hiin i ~g : ~i l l ~t
the B~ i i i s l ~ ; but could rlnt lrelp s~t spec~i l i g all intention oli
Itis part. to desert Zl~enz. (120) They said, r r Let irs ask you,
if you 111ill stick by us."
1 .
Description of G1~uxnee.-1. ' r lIallomed, (brother t o
t he Gauriirn Usurper,) 11. D. 1184, nlarle lli~llself mnstcr of
tlle kingdom of Ghztzr~ec aacl Cundohnr; whcn tlle sccptre
wils transferred from t he house of Ghizni, to the housc o l
Gi~lir."
Cr 'rhc fkfogz6ds during the reign of Byrani 2nd (A. D.
1242) invatled India. Tllcy plundered t he c o u ~ ~ t r y its
far as Lnllore, ~mt l tlieil retreated t o Qhuztii. I n A. D.
1257 Sltere ( i \ / I i ~ h ~ ~ ~ o t l Llle Seconclys nephew) viccroy o l
Lahore and n/l~llti~n, expelled the 1ll09'1tZ froin Glruznee,
ilnd once more aanexcd Ll:iit Iringtlom, t o t he Indial?
part of the Gaurinn c~npire." Ghuxni (in t he pro-
vince of Cnbool) was o we a ~ower f ul empire, for four
(119) Burnes,Sncl Ecl. ( 1935, vol. 2, p. 115, l'rirvels ( 1832) to 1307cl~i~-
ru) , sirys, '' He e~~terti ti ns no irnlbitious views, thougl~ Ilc onto 11cltI tlic
Govt. of Ca.si~nreo., ant1 other protrinces of the Doovn7rce e~npire. Hi s
brotller, the prese~lt chiof of Cirbool, has 9,eqrrilcd ~1rc111gsel.vices 6!j cor~fis-
catilig I~is culalc ; but he spccdt+s not af It is irr!lmtilurlc ! He is :I ni:rn of
amiable cl~nriroter. He 11ns n greater morirl inllr~ence thirn any of thc
Bnrirlrqe firmilies in Afljl/~n~rislriv~." Ile i s now :tbout 58 years of ago ;
arid styled "~Nuwub," from I~a\.ing bee11 Gorr. of Delwjut (Upper
Intlul;).
(190) l l i s sentling Jublar Ii hnr~ they must 11;rve looked on as
mnlting ternis for I~imsulf, imd lie ,u.as trying to niirltc llis own torms.
Description of Ghuznce. 225
centuries. I t grarlually declined 10 a secondary r al ~k as a
city ; and at lusl to total insignificance.
Baber says, (121) 2. Cr The country of Ghuzni ( f i ~~i ~ous
in Ilislory as the sent of the Oovt. of Sult:ui Mahomed of
Gh:~znivi, ;lntl of the Ghaznevi dynasty) is often denomi-
nated a Tullla~l (District). By tlie bl essi ~~g of Aluilighty God
I pi ne d (A. D. 1504) possessioll of Cabool and Ghuxni,
wit11 thc country ant1 provi~iccs depende~~t on tlicni, nri t ho~~t
battle, or co~~test. " (122)
3. " Gl l ux~~i w:rs the capital of Sr~bnktegin of Sultitn
Mallmood, mltl of the tlyatrs~y sprulig from them, inany
cilll it Ghazoein. 11s rivcr may be large e~~ougl l to drive 4
or 5 mills. (123) The city of Ghuzni and four or five other
clistricts, itre supplied from this river, while irs many inore
are fertilized by srlbterraneouv water-courses, (I<aresees.)
Tl ~ e grapes of Giruzni are superior t o those of Cabool, and
its melons ~norc abundimt. I t s apples too are excellent,
ant1 are cnrriecl into I-Iindustan. Cultivation is (was)
carried on xvitli great difficulty and litbor, and wliatever
ground is cultivated, is obliged to have a new tlressirlg of
il~oultl every year; but tlie prodlice of the crops exceeds
that of Cabool. Tllc Madtler is cliiefly cultivirtetl hcre, and
i t is ci~rried ovcr all Hinc1ust:ul. I t is the most profitable
crop in this district. The inllabitnnts of the opcn country
irre I-Iaznras a ~ ~ d /ifg?~ans. G11uz11i is a cheap placc com-
piwed ~ ~ i t l l Cnbool."
4. "Thc tomb of Soltan AInhmood is in one of the
Suburbs of Olluzni, \vhicll, fro111 that circn~nstance, is ternlerl
Roxeh (124) tllr g;vden. 'l'lie best grapes ill Ghuzni are
from Roxch. Tlie tombs of Sultitn Masilutl itntl Sultan
Ibrahirn, :\re in Ghuzni. Tlicre are IllitllJr 1 1 0 1 ~ ~ to~iibs :tt the
city." (125)
(121) &Iemoirs, 1,. 1.18.
(122) DO. p. 135.
(123)
" '1'110 river of Gliaz~li runs N. to Lol~gnr, and joins the
Iinbul riser." They use wiiter-mills i r ~ AKg1i:utiistati in numbcrs, ac-
cording to the br.elidtlb oE:i river; lience they clescribe its sizc.
(12514) Rouzu, s garden-x mnusoleum.
(125)
' L' 17~e~-e is :r li\lte S. from Gh~~ani. "
2 G
5.
" Gllllani is but a poor, Incall placr..
1 11avc alnrnys
lroo(~ere(l 11ow its princes, who possessetl also I-Iintluata~~
I(lloras;ln, coultl have cl~osen such it ~vcetched courltry
for the seilt of Govt. I n tlie time of the Sultan, there were
three or four ~l l ou~l ds for collecti~lg water. (126) 011c of
tllrse, wllicll is of great dimensions, was for~iiecl by t he
Sultan of Ghuzni, on the river of Gl~uzrii, about three
farsnllgs (12 111iles) up the river, on the N. W. of t he
town." (127)
Another moulid is that of Sakhen, which lies to thc E.
of Gliuzni at the distance of 3 or 4 farsailgs (12 or 16 ~iiiles)
fro111 the city. This also has long been ill n statc of rr~ili
and is not repairable. (128) Allother ~nolind is that of
Skdeh (lies S. E. from Ghuzni) wl~icli is i l l good repair."
6. Ghuani is celebrated for its cold. Tlle Icerkend is
a low prickly thorn, that burlis alike whetl~er green or dry ;
it constitutes the o111y fuel of tlie inhabitants of Gliuzni."
A. D. 1739, Nadir Shilh obti~ined possession of 1111 the pro-
vinccs on the W. of the Indus, Cabool, 'l'attii, and part of
Multa~i, froni tlie tloli~iriioils of the Mogul (Mallonled Shah)
after t l ~c s;~ckilig of Del l ~i ; a ~ ~ t l ill 1747, AIi111ed Shah,
fountler of the Boomnee dynasty, becirlne possessed of t he
whole of hffgl1i1nista11, by conquest. (129)
"The lilritl to the W. of the city of Ghuani at I$eel.gAaud
is illterspe~.sed with low I~ills, natl, except a few cultiv;ltcd
(126) " In t he Bast, where success of ol~ltivn~ion depends cl~iefly on
the fiupply of water, i t is 11sual t o dam up the bottom of narro\v
valleys, or of low me;~do\vs, so ILS to collect all t l ~ e \iV:hter into one body,
wllonce i t is afterwi~rcls distributetl for t he suplrly of t he c o u ~ ~ t r y
below."
(187) (' This mount1 \rns destroyer1 by Aln-ell-din, who destroyed
many of the tombs of the royill l i ~mi l y of t he Sultan, milled ant1
bi~rned the ci ty of Glluzni, nrltl plurltlerctl i111tl mi~ssi~cretl t l ~ e illlurbi-
tants."
In 1525 Baber sent money to rel ~l ~i l i l the ~nonnd.
(1'28) Was not ill those days consitlcrctl re,,iriritble.
(129) The empire of \vIlich Ci1111znee was once tile cnpitnl, rei~clled
from tlle 'Tigris to the Gilnges.
Of the f o ~ t ; and of old Ghzsmec.
227
spots, produces little else than a pricltly aroniatic weed, o n
~vhicli caiiiels feed with avidity." (130.)
7. Tlie Fort of Ghuznee is situated on tlie W. ext remi t y
of amnge of liills running E. to W. ; the W., S. and E. sides
e
are ditched, tlie water being supplied from tlie river Gliuz-
nee. Tliereis a bridge over i t at tlie Jfennlc giite, near ~r r hi cl ~
tliere is an outwork. Tlie clitcli is deep and formidable.
Tlie Citadel t o tlie N. is an irregular sqnnre ; tliere are t wo
ramps goillg up t o it, illid oil entering tlie gate, there is a l arge
square in it. Tlie magaxine was in the W. quarter ; tlic
granary t o the E. ; tliere are other store, &c. rooms below.
Abovc is the Govcnior's house. The loop-holes from t he
willls of tlie citrtdcl, do not coiilillaiid a fire on ally grou~lcl
close t o tlie ditch ; lience, only those at a distance would
suKer from ;L fire of ii~atcliloclts.
The town was said (1839) to contifin 3,000 houses, (1 31)
t -
arid 150 buiiealis, and lias an abundant supply of river water.
I should think tlie populntioii wau (1839) about 3,000 i ~i de-
pendent of the then garrisoi~ of 3,000 men. (132)
Gi~usnee, i t is said, once held out nearly a year's siege;
aiid this at a tiine wheu riot so well defended us we foulid it.
8. Old Ghuznee is aboiit tliree illiles t o the E. of tlie
town and fort of Gliuznee, and is remarkable as contail~illg
t he tomb of Sultan ~PIahmood of Ghuznec, t he conqueror of
India. The town is in ruins. The tomb i s o~i l y deserving
of notice fiaom its alitiql~ity ; as i L buildi~ig i t i s 110t of tlie
first order, citlier iLs t o tlie style of the architecture, or tlie
size of tlie builrling. Tlie doors, wliich are large arid of
sandal-wood, are stlid to hirve becn brought, as a trophy fro111
C
(130) See Forster, k c .
(131)
l'he author of a Slrctch l,ublisl~cd in 1838, says, " but i t is
now reduced to about 1,500 mean dwellings."
(132)
The winter has been mild this year (1840). An officer writes,
thi~t, 'r'l'his is R most 1)eirotiful climate for X~~ropea~i s. Il i ~rd frost
nncl little snow. Icc on the pools of water irnd ditch of tlie fort severi ~l
feet tl~iclc, Slmliilg i~nd sliding a11 diry long :rmongst tlic oAiccrs, end
some few of t l ~c scpoy~ are getting 111) to sliding."
I a c a
t h e renowned temple of Somnaul i n Guzcmt . (133)
Tliere
ar e litany gardens licre, alirl t he most tr;raslucent stre:rlii of
water I ever saw. Tlie oltl tow11 is close ullder tlie rili1gc
of hills mhicli run W. t o E. fro111 Gliuznee, bllt Illore to the
~l ort l i . (134) Ol d Gh~l zl i ee has serer:il times been destroy-
.. ed by suow storlns. Tl w eleviltioll of Gl~uznee above tlie
level of t he sea is 7,726 feet ; being 4,243 feet nbove Cnnda-
Aar, and 1,330 feet nbove Cabool. Tlie range of tlie ZY~crmt7..
fro111 t he 21st t o the 29t h Jillg, 1539, was fro111 56' to 60" at
4 A. ar., and 90" t o 94' 3 P, al.
9.
We foulid in t he citadel of Glluznee about 500,000
Ibs. (135) Supposing the operations to liitve fitiled; nlitl
tnltillg t he garrison at 3,000 me11, who eat ~nei i t also; iillonr-
in= one lb. to eiicli nian per diem ; arid there would liil\re
bee11 rations for 166 ditys, or say for fire moilths ; or, if tliey
wer e to l-ely on the flour illone, full rations for two and ii
half n ~ o ~ l t h s : s o thiit a t all events the gawison had sup-
plies for three mollths if besieged. I ~n n s t olnit tlle 11011-
colnbatiil~ tu (the i~~lilrbitmlts) \\rho could iiot have been
lilore tlian 3,000 : tliey monld 1in.c.c left t he place ; itntl \VC
conltl not \vcll have prevrnted their doillg so, as thc rircr
rail three-fonrths rountl the place.
18. Qperalions agai?zst AZi nlusjid-(24tll, 25tl1, find 26111
July, 1839).-1. The Mission llad firrivet1 sirfe irt I-Ierat on
(133)
!VI:~I~aritjt~li Runjeet Singh, the Silih ruler, wislled to at i l )~~l at u
in t he tronty, to lvhicl~ he lvns n party, t11:it on the conqnest of r![fjglrun-
istan by t he British for Shah Shoojtrh, these gates sl ~oul d I)e given t o
llim t o be r est or ~cl to the ternple ; as being a Hii?lzdoo, he considerctl
these gntes should not rernain in tlle hands of a A.Ial~onied;rn. On s
tomb-stone of whitc mirrble, lies t he lililce of ~lluirrnood of such weight,
i t is said (for I SILW i t not) t hat few nleri ciln wield it. Mnl~onied;~n
1)lmiests ar e still mirir~tnined, wllo constantly rend tho ZCorun over his
gmve.
(134)
The grrdens are vralled wit11 stones and rnlid, but i n n
st at e of ruin. The best ~ l V i ~ l ~ e s :ire
to be hid from these gnrdens.
Many of t he wounded of t he enelay, \\*ere found in this, no~v, ~ i l l f ~ y : ,
instead of old city of Ghuzneo.
(135) Vide 'I'able No. 4, ; 610,:100]bs. ; but ils only 79,0801bs. were
flour, 600,0001bs. \vonld be itbout t he quantity of wheiit m d bi~rloy, if
reduced to flour.
25tll Jnly, 1839. Lt.-Col. Wade liaving received i~itelligence,
.
(though not autlicntic,) of tlie iliilrcll of t he British ilrliiy
f1'011i Candnhal. to\v:trds Glrusnee i ~ i d Cabool, calculitted
that it wiis time for the force of J' l~ahsuda Tymoor, t o move
forivilrd from Pesllawcr. As Gcnl, lrentura ditl 11ot accoln-
l)i~"y the force, Col. Shnik Uz~ssuzuun, nriis ;~ppointc.tl to tlie
conimand of the Sikh co~l t i ngcnt ; wliilc Lt.-Col. PIfude m;rs
ill the general colnnlirnd of t he whole force, anlon~iting to
10 or 11,000 men. 011 tlie 9t h July, lie receivctl inforn~a-
tion that :lli inst~rrection, \vl~icli Iiad been preconcerted, hild
alrcildy conllne~iced in Iiol~ista)z, (136) :lntl ; ~n . i u ~g c ~n c ~i ~s
Ililtl been ~i i ade to ilitlllcc lhe chiefs, in the districts bct~vccn
~'cshnlvcr illid Cill)Of)l, to join tile 1'0yill cause. SIiilI1
Sliooj:tl~ 11at1, liiulself, atldressed tlie ICl~yOer chiefs, : r nl o~~g
some of \vhom he hntl received an :isrluln when 11c lost
/
i
his tl~roiie, i11l~1 ou tlie occasions of his subscqnent flights,
'
whcn cl(~feiitcd in his endeavours to recover liis lost crown.
'
An earlier iltlvancc ~voul d have been premalure ; and the
~ielvly raised contingent ~voultl not, much earlier, Iiilve bcen
rei~rly for the advirnce. Besides the troops in A2i Jlusjad,
Mal~omecl Akbar Iclban, Dost R/Iirho~netl's second sol], 1vi1s
stationed near t he head of t he Ichyber Pass, near Jullfililbi~d
with 2,500 Inen ul d 14 guns ; while there was no certid~lty
as to what extent the Ii7tgherees would join the fortunes of
Dost Milhorned. These hill chiefs received him as master,
and allo~ved him to establish n gnnison a t Ali Mus;iid, in
preference to tlie Sikhs having possession of llie Pass; so
t hat it mas a elloice of two evils, alld tlley cllose the 1e;rsl;.
A certain sun1 of money was, annuitlly, paid by botll pirrties ;
Dost Mnhonled p;iying for the usc of tlie Pass ; a l ~ d t he
Silchs for the use of tlie water which, from i t s stream, sop-
plied the fort of Puttchgurh, on the Peuhnwer frontier, and
about lire miles from the enlrlunce to the Pass. Lt.-Col.
7Fade was iit JL~I ) LT~oCE( I Y~) 011 the 20t h July. I t nriis
(13d)
~i t buu~ rccci\,es ltiuc~~ gritill frotn this cou~itry.
I i
(137)
'I'l~e fort rvirs tlestroyetI:~nd Pllttchgl~rll built on its site, rrher
Jr
the b;\t,tle of J \ i r nr ~) ud i l l 1837, bet\r.cc~i t hc ;![rglrcrns ;trrtl Silihs. The I
I
I
230
Ol~crations in the Ir'lyBcr Pass ;
neccssiiry t o ~ i l a k e a r mn g e me l ~ t s to l eave thc heirvy b;rgpgc
a r l t l i n tlic f or t of Pl l t t el l gi ~r h, ~v l l i c h the S i k l ~ s al l owet l
hilll t o u s e as n Dq16l. IZunjeet Si r ~yl ~ was dead, and t l l ough
t 11~1. o mirs t he Silt11 f or ce a t Fut t e hgur h, t h e de i l t l ~ of t h e
Si ] <l ~ r ul er was to be r egr et t ed, ( 138) whi l c M;llionlctl
~ k b i u , 11rgi11g h e Khybereea to oppos e t l ~ c iltlvir~ice
t l i r o u g l ~ t h e Pass.
2. Bef or e the period f or operi t t i ol l s 1lad arrivctl, Lt.-Col.
FVude c ~ n p l o y e d I ~ i ~ n s e l f i a a c c e p t i ~ ~ g the offers of t h e zeni i n-
tlilrs : ~ n d ot hc r I<h)i berees whos e lilndu were c ont i guous t o
t he c ~ ~ t r i i u c e of t l ~ e Pass, i111d .cvhose ser vi ces 11e Iind secur ct l
on hi s arri vnl nt P r s l ~ a we r (139) t o vvtltoh t h c /zoo ~*oi l ds lciitl-
i11.g illto t l ~ c Pa s s ilnd t h e u i ~t r a n c c t o whi ch h a d been provi -
Affglians, were c o ~~~r n a ~~d e c l by a father-in-lrrrv uf Dust ivli~hun~etl, (who
W~ I S killed,) ilidecl by He e r Ufzul Khan, and Mr~l~onretl Alcbirr IOrirn,
(Dost &Irrl~o~nutl's 1st ir~id 2nd sons.) 'I'he Sikhs were commnntletl by
&Iurrea Sing/&, their favorite Sikh Generirl, wlio aiis liillcd ; on hei ~ri ng
\rl~icli Rl ~nj eet Sing)], slietl tei1r.r for* tho loss of his best coninri~rider.
Dost i\li~Ironictl's sons l)reacl~ed and nrnde ;in at t en~pt to storrii the fort
of Junirooll, itnil lost tlrere 500 rnen ltilluti irnd uvonndecl. 'I'he Afgliloa
loss was about 1,100 lcilled and wounded ;rItogetlrer. 'l'l~e Silclrs :Ire
si~icl to have I ~nd 12,000 men, irnd the ~l ff~l ~cot s loss. 17/!ec)* Ufsul
Khan, whon he found tlie clay gone, nrrd the Afiglians had retreirted,
n~nt l e a gnllr~nt clinrge as a Ii~st effu1.t; but was checked by t he Silch
Infy. Runjeet wns not sirtisfietl with liis victory, or the conduct of liis
troops ;and it wns observed by one well nc~luniriteil with tilo Siklts, thirt
" whaia oi~cc u panic htrs ssicatl llre Sikhs, I lri~ve heard, from those wlroso
iiuthority on the snbject cannot be clo~rbtcd, llr/rt it is nlost dt$cull lo
, pJWSerVe llcc [cast orde~p, i)z tlreit. 1'1z?bks ; und llrc dIul~tr~+~ljlz/r / i i l l l se~ is
well aware of IAciy u~nnl of steadi~tess, and jbrtilzidc, b~fire n ~esolutu
cncniy." They 'have no sucli Illen as Hurrec S i ~ ~ f i , now, in the Sililb
army.
(138) At note 4, 1). l.tql@, i t is stated that the Silili troops on t he
Peslrirwor frontier bird retired orr Runjeot's death ; this did not i ~ ~ c l u d e
t he troops of the girrrison of Futtelryurli, nor the troops irtt~rclretl to
t hat command 011ci~1nl)~d near it untler Rcrjuk Goolnb Singli. I t would
apperrr tliirt some of tlte troops wlricli ~vere on tho frontier, tlintinct
from tho above force, agirirr irdvanceil ; for on the 9t h bugllst, 1899,
they nre reported to lrnre retired to l'eshuwcr, fronr tho frontier nciirer
the Piiss.
(139) got11 bIarc11,1839.
and uyainst Ali Mu.sjid. 23 1
ously rcconnoitrcd. Tlir rnclny nrcrc l~cginniag to close t he
narrow ilelilc of ICafa~ Tungce, (140) on one sitle, ilnd t o
stl,engthen tl~eniselses in t he towcr of jag hi^ (142) on t he
.
other. I-Ie assigned t he (111ty of confining them n~ithin t he
*
Psss, to those i i l qbe~ees who hiid I ~e e ~l gained ovcl; and
\rrl~o lived nenr the Pass; and postetl the rest in thc imme-
diate front of his camp.
H e lost no time in erecting two stockades, (142) one co111-
~nandi ng tlic principirl entrance to tlic Pass, and the other
snpporting it. Two other stocltades were el-ccted, on t he
fliuilts, by which ~newns the position nrns rcntleretl secnl-e,
iinrl the Iil~yherecs werc shut up in the Prrss ; and could not
qet o r ~ t by this ronte; wl ~i l e thc Ichyberees Beyond Ali
Musjid were less l~ostile.
Tlle IiI~yber Pnss is about 213 lililes in extent. From t he
j
entrance on tlie Peslii~rver sidc i t is sevcn nriles to Ali
Musjid, f~*om which i t is two miles t o Lalitbeg Gliuree, n
t-
valley nrhich i s about six inilcs long and one and n quarter
broad ; hence is the Pass of Lundeekhana ; i n firct, excepti~ig
the valley, the rest of tlie Pass, or for 23 miles, can be cotn-
ma~i ded by Jingals (wall-pieces), or eve11 by the 111onntni11
,
rifle (Juzzuil) fired wit11 ii rest, ilnd in ~ n i ~ l y places by tlie ,
con~mon nlosket. The rond being stony, t he movenients of ;
troops with gr ~ns is necessarily slow. The first four niiles,
after the entrance t o the Pass, the r o d is contracted, a nd
I
the hills on each side, are nearly perpendicular ; to theleft,
two miles u p t he P:tss, t1iei.e is it road which lcads up to
t he top of the hills. I t widcns after the third mile, but still
tlie road is exposed to il fire from citlier side, At irbout f ve
iind a hillf nliles is tlie town of Jagl~ii,. on the right, ~r hi c h
conId fire on ;uiy enemy moving by either road. Pn) m t hi s
(14,O) A footpntl~ lentling frorn Jtrmrood to tlre rigllt of the nmin
Pnss. 'I'he part closed was that where 111e footpntlr over the l ~i l l s
lertcls clown into the Pass, about 14 miles from illi ~Vztnjid.
(14.1) A I;rrge, Irigh, oircnlnl. towel* wlticlr cor~~mnnds tlre nlnin
roitd of the PIISS, just before tllo direct rond to Al i hlusjid is entered:
i t is 1 i miles from Ali Musj i d, wlrich is seen from tlris spot.
(1ch2) Or Su~lgalls, frorn Sung, :r stone, as t111:y are brlilt of stones.
,
I I
to,,.el; A/i fifu,~id is ollc :tnd llillf niile ; on t he left is t he
r;,I1gC of lli]ls by ~vliich you Inove 1111 to thc fort ; on t he
rigllt is the llill ~vl ~i cl l runs l>arallel to, and which is corn-
,
ln;lllded by the fort.
The mnge of hills to t he left leads t o
tile cant onme~~t of t he JChyberees ; that of Cl~ooraA is
i
clbol~/ 8 mi l esfl orn the fort ; t hat of Tcer al ~ seven or ei ght
lll;lrcl~es off. The tower of Jagl ~i r was filled with t he cne-
my. Tile fort contained a considerable garrison. Ther e were
brenstmorlts thrown up 011 t he hills: SO that i t was neces-
sary t o lllovc on slowly, and at each halt (143) t o stockade
the troops, as well as t o protect the position ; and t he left
n.as the which required t he ~ r ~ o s t exact vigilai~ce. (144)
3. dfarclj from Jumrood, (22nd July, 1839).-The first
lllovc the Lt.-Colonel made, was t o a place called Gagree,
\rhicll is between t he entrance t o tlie P~ ~ s s and Lalacheena,
tile latter not far from tlie tower nbovementioned, here i t
\\,as necessary to stocltade ; and the nes t day mas occnpied
ill niaking arrangements. On t he 24th July, he marched t o
r
Lrrlachcena, The Lt.-Col. in liis operations e~uployed only
half t l ~e troops, :rnd fol.med these into two columns. As
'
the left of tlie position ~ v i ~ s ope11 to ;r flank ;~tt;rck, an(1 to
secure tlrc rear, it was lieccssary to have a strong force for
this ~) LI I *~) OSC; :IS 1vcI1 ;LS to act as supports to t he two
col ~um~~s .
The left column \v;~s that rvliicl~ led the attacl< on t he
range of hills on wl~icli the fort is situ;rtetl. The right
I
colunin mils to proceed by tlie hills oppositc to the fort, irnd
mas previously to dislotlgc t he eilelay from tlie tower, i n
(143) I n the AGiynI ivilr, the troops were obliged to stoclcade every
clay on reaching their position. 'I'lle Goorlcllas woultl stock:rde theirs
in less tli;~n a11 I~orlr, tl~ese, being m;ide of wood close at hancl, was a11
ensy operntion, as they ;111 worked at it. Tl ~e Sung(tlis being made of
stono nrc not so qlliclcly made ; 1)11t, the IC/~ybetres will run o p one i n
n few 11ours. The Uu~nte.rc, in their entrencl~ed positions, dig rather
deep, and not very aide, trenches, and excavate the side, ~~ndor
ground, ncct t o the enomg; by whidr me;lnu they ;Ire \veil protoctetl.
(144) See, Cllapter XIV. for an account of the ICIi?lBe,* Yir~u ; ant1
the Rhyhrees.
~vllicli they wcre ill force ; li;rvi~rg, ;rlso, tliro\v~r up X.ut~gal&s
6
to protect t l i e i ~ 1)ositioil. Lt. ill~lcke~o~a, (145) n71io had two
gulls wit11 lii~ii ~vliicli ivcre carried oil elephants, and about
5 or GOO lucli, was c~lgirgcd 011 this scrvice, ant1 had lilally
i.
killed a1111 woundetl ill it11 ;ittack ~na dc on llis Dett. ; and
tho elleriiy did not q~i i t thcir position till they hail suffered
t
grcilt loss.
Tlic le~V coluliili (146) ~noved up tlie liills wlliclr lend l o
tlie fort, distiuit about olie ;rlltl 11;rlE ~niles. Thus, tlie object
1vns to alt.lck tlic ellclliy on boll1 sides at oucc. About
250 of the ~lirliara~jah' s and Dooriruee IIorse and some
illfantry, with :I ho\viV~cr, occupied tlic gorge of ille Pass
-
mhicli coiiiiii:~~iiled the roads (Jehaghi ant1 Shadc ~ Baggee)
lending out oJ'it.
Thc coluliil~ oil tlie vight liavilig driven tlie elielily fro111
tlieir first position, they retreated t o other St~tcgalts half \\ray
betlveen i t and tlie fort ; wllcre tlley were attacked an(\ ilrioeli
r -
froin this new positiou on the 25th July.
The left colulnrl ~novecl lip to a position 011 the 25th July,
neirr enough t o tlie fort t o tlironr ~11~11s into it. Below, in
the Pass, there was a Sungala, about half a mile fro111 the fort ;
this was att:~clted, and the enemy driver1 fro111 it. Tlic lirst
hold mas Llie forl. I t hird two or three outposts on com-
manding Iiills, from \vhicli the cnelny wcre driven ; arid o ~ r
the 26th July, they confinetl tllelllselves to the fort. Early
011 the morlling of the 27111 July, 1839, the fort mils fou11cl
t o be evircuated by t he el1emy. 'i'hey were silid to linvc llirrl
-
500 Juzzailchees ; iii~cl scveral huridred Kl i yber~cs supported
them.
i
4. liepcated ntlempls werc inade by tlic cllicfs to
induce Mallonled Alibirr IClian, to juill them in opposing
the ir(1vnlice of the $hah~irdar'~ force ; but he evirded l o tllc
(145) I.rt11 Bel~gnl N. 1. ul d Pol. Asst. LO Lt-Col. 1T';ide.
(146) Consisting of 5 Cos. Sh:~l~z;td;t's regllli~r InFy., 5 Cus. of I8llt.
,,,*
Mn1rar:lj;rlr's M;tl~omed;in Infy., nl~cler Col. Slar~ilc Buusozuu?t, i ~i l d O I I ~
',
Coy. of tllc Slst Dengirl W. I. under Cnpt. $'ar~clr,llcr, and two guns
ciirried 011 clel~lrnnts (1-6 pr. ; I I I ~ ~ I howit.,) rlntler Lt. Iltrr~*, Ucngirl
Arty.
I;,st ~ l r c solicitntiori~ of two cliiefs (147) t o co~l l e ill person
t o oppose its progi3ess. To cncourngc tlie Xhyhcrccs lie Iiad
;ldv;u~cctl to LoalyAi, n villngc ill t hc v n l l c ~ ~ n few iniles fro1l1
tile fort, on tlic 84tli Jul y ; tlic day on \vIiich t he forcc
rcnclictl Loluc?~ee)~n. (146) It is probirblc thilt hc heard z
of tlic fall of Glin~zuee froln his f:rlheis on tlie 25111 Jul y,
(1.19) which ciiused his recal t o Cnbool, and probably,
c~iuisctl tlie early cvncii:itio~i of t he fort of Al i ~Mu.Tjid. (150.)
Tlic total loss of liilled and mo~unded of t hc Shnhzntla' s
force was 150. (151) The loss of t hc cnemy wi ~ s consitler-
ablc, b u t I do not ltnow t he cxnct nambcr. I n such n
I
~vnr f nr c tlic enemy, froin R perfect linowlcdgc of cvery noolc
iind corner, and evcry rouli, IieiIr t hei r position, woultl lose
l css t han tlie at t acki ng pa r t y; a nd I believe t hey suffcrccl
111ost from t he ri ght col ui i i ~~, on ~vhi cl l t hcy nmde attnclrs ;
iund herc confessctlly w:rs t hc no st fighting.
Tl i c fort i s about 150 feet l ong by CiO feet brond, ailtl hns
sis bastions ; but t he \vhole ext ent of t hc enclosctl place,
r
cont ; i i i i i ~i g llie sLoiacs niid whcrc t he mcn livetl, IV:LS irbouL
300 by 20Ofcel. VTiLter was procrirctl froin a well bet mcen
t l i c fort : u~d tllc r i r cr ; t he rivcr wat er i s not good i n t l i e
]l ot stsiis011~ I t is cnpi ~bl c of cont ni ni ~i g n pr r i i j on of 500
(14,i )
li11:ln R;~hncloor Iil~:ui, and Abdool lii\ll~n:~n KII:I~I. Pyztullul)
,
ICl ~nn, :lntl Allir Jlad l i l l i r n, clricfs \'l~ose territories lie OII tllc otllcr
sitle of Ati 1V11r.rjirl (towilrds Ci~bool) came i n on the fa11 of the pl;rce.
(1,l'S)
I t was agreed bct\~cun Ilini :\lid I3i111i1door lilran, tllnt the
lnttcr s11011ltl :IS]< for three tl:~ys cess:ltion of l~ostilitics ; for the ]bur-
- pose of collectir~g their sci ~t t e~~cd forces. R~i l i ng in this, inh homed r
1.'
'
Akbar thorrgl~t i t time to retreat.
(149)
'I'l~o tlisti~nce about 160 ~uilcs.
(160)
During his retreat I I C ~\ ~i i s con~pulled to :tbandon the wllole
of his Artillery (foarteen guns) and bnggtge ; ntltl it is sitit1 Jllnt after
lenving Gri~rrlnn~ulr, about 70 ~rriles from1 Ci~bool, 11e llnd effected his
escape wit11 (lific~llty, and \\it11 orilg i~ Sew of his St~llo\vers.
(1851) Including Sritisl~ one Iiillcd nlltl live \~voulrcietl. A I I ~ one
camp-fnllnwer I<. ntld olle \V. ; ~nd 28 of tl e 3Ial1nl;J~lli's t~oops. 'I'otill
killed B ; roandccl 158 ; homes 4 Ii. and 14 \ll.
I
Ai)tmh, and Sl o ~e s ~f o u n d in il. 335
nlcn. (152)
Some animmiition and somc grain, a~i d tliree
swivels nrerc foulid ill it. A forcc was left i n t l ~ plncc, a ~ i d
il stroiig rletncliniest was post ed near Lnluchec~zu, to main-
tail] tlie coni n~l ul i cnt i on bet ~vccn Al i illz~sjid and t he Peslda-
,luw froiiticr. A procl;riiintion mas issned o ~ i tlte fall of Ali
Mt4sjid, requiring t he \roll-disposcd to det i ~cl i tlicmsclvcs
fi-om tlic disaflcctcd.
Th c B~i t i sl ~ officers employed wcrc Ci y~t s. F c ~ r n c ~ , (31st
N. I.) ant1 A~ris, (20t h N. I.) Lt s. Mnckeson, (14t h N. I.)
l l n l t ~n y , (20th N. I.) Maulc ;uid Un r r of t he Artillcry, Lt.
,
J. D. C,~h?~ain,yl~mn, Engi neers (153) of tlie Bengill Army,
i u ~ d Dr. Lord, (Bombay ;rrlny.) (154) Dr. Reid had inctli-
cxl cliwgc. Th e Siltli M:lholncdan troops being coniinn~itl-
cd by Col. Shnilc Uzdssazuznz; (155) for tlicir scnfi ces on t hi s
occasion, L1.-Col. (now Sir C. ill.) FV(~rle, ;uld t kc otlicr offi-
cers received tlic th;rul<a of tlic Govr. Gcnl . (1 56)
Arr:uiqc-
-
nlciits, mi1itnl.y niid political, bciiig made, tlic forcc inovc>tl
I
(162)
During tllc cngi~gement wit11 the Siltlls in 1837, it had n
garrison of 900 ruclely cliscipliacd men, and 900 Jurzailelroc~.
AI:~jor
J,tccA ol)serves, that "it is situntcd :kt too grcnt a IleigI~t to be of
1nuc11 scrvice in stopping n force passing bolom; wl~ile at the sornr time
tile steepness of tile 11ill on a l ~i c l ~ i t is built, moultl hc n grei ~t obstr~c~l~
to the same forcc stornling i t ; which wol~ld be absol~itoly necessitry to
sccuro thc ynssngc of thc ~n; ~i n body, or b:rggngc, in safety. Tl ~err is
no cover for tllc mc11 inside."
Tilere are positions within 300 yards of tile fort from rvl~icli it could
bc brci~cl~cd, 'l'l~cy 11ad no gllns, irnd only throe s~vivels. The garri- x
son could ]lot hold ol ~t i~gninst nn enemy using shells.
Pron~ tilo
nilrrouness of t l ~c Pass, ancl the heig11t of t l ~c fort tl~erc coul~l not 110
;I plt~,~ging-firc from ~ t . Littlc of rhc loss was occnsionctl by its tirc.
Tlicrc is n Sungnl ~ nbout l~alf n mile fron~ t l ~c fort in tlic corltrc of t l ~o
l'ass below : it ~ \ ~ n s from it, ancl from l l ~c Snnguhs, and from bellin11
xoclcs, kc. that their lire was most dcst r ~~cl i ~~c; our force being in a
confi~icd position.
(153)
Pol, Asst. to Lt.-Col. Lliarlo, nnd ;\lily. Sccy.
(151.) 1Vl1o con~mi~ndcd a party of llorsc ; nJ foot.
(156)
Il c 11ad scrvcd wit11 t l ~ c Dritis11 Artillery in Egypt untlcr
Sii* D. Baird.
(156)
Scc para. IOtlr of tllc G. 0, by tlrc Goar. (;en]., clntcil lfit.11
Nov. 1830. Appx. No. 4. Sir C. dT, Ilicllc, h;ts hcer~ irk polilic;~l
2% Orc?clel.jbr the ~lI(trclzf~.om
forwnrtl on llic 1st Aug. On 111~ 7t h August Iic lienril of ~ l i c
nl*riv;il of tlie Brilz'sl~ arixly a1 Quilla Icazcc, 5 ltos (10 ~niles)
J
from Cnbool: whilc he did not receive the ofl?cial report of
the fall of Glbtl.c.nee till the 13th of August, 1839.
19. 0 r c l e ~ of Marchfiom Gl~us~lee, (29tIi July, 1839.)- 9
r CTl ~c troops to inovc to-nlorrow. Tlle gun to hc bred at 3&
A, Ax. ~vl i en t he General \ d l sound. The Asse~nbl y will
s oui ~d at 44 a. n."
2. rc At t he General, a Regt. of Cnvy., Engineer's Dept.
and n Regt. of Iiify., previousl!. assembled in front of tlie
liiics of llie Bombay Cavy., will lrlove under the Brigr. of
tlic day conlillg on duty ; under t he direction of t he D. &.
M. 6."
3. CC Tllc Brigr. to mitlte nrritngeinents to occupy, wit11
two Cos. of hi s Infy., ir DeJile in advance, and push on with
t he remainder of his Dctt. to t he new ground. The two
Cos. left in tile Pass, t o be divided into Detts., and remain
i n possession till t hc arrival of t he Reill. Guartl, wllich tiley
will join."
4. CC Tlie Cirvy. col ~~i i i n to bc fornled left i n fronl, to
i ~l ovc round tlie riglit of the garden. Tlie Artillery with
t l J r Detts. forrned i n their f r o ~ ~ t as rul advance guard, mill
march by tllc ~nain-road, and tllrongli tllc village (157) ;
followed by t hc Itzf(4nh.y for~xie(l rig111 in fi.ont.JJ
5. ' CTh~ sick i n Doolies in rcnr of the Infy. ; followcd
by t he trensure, duly protected."
6. Whcn the ground will admit of it, thc lilfy. column
will be brought up in n lint \vith t he Cnvy. and Arty., tlic
right flatik resting on tllc lcft of tllc latter."
7.
" Tlie ci~mel-battery, iuid Park, will tnove ~ i c x t i n
succession ; and all rlie I ~ocal Horse, not on duty, assignet1
for t he protection of thc train of cnrrizrgcs, and cattle. O ~ i e
Compy. of Europcan Infy., \\rill, as usnal, accompirny tllc
Park, t o rcnder assist;\iicc."
cnlploy for 17 yetrrs, t ho principi,l portio11 of sliich period, he ails in
ch'arge of t l ~c Sili6 atfriirs, and was 11iuc11 eatecmed imd col~fitlcd in,
by thelnte &lshi~ri~jah BunjL.c& Sirrgh. i i e is, now, residcnt at iirtlo~*c.
( l b7) Old Gl~uzncc. .
8.
c c Tl ~e Rcar Guard to colisisL of one troop of Cavj~.,
a Ressalali of Local I-Iorse, arid a Co~iipjr. of Nnlivc Infy.
from eacli brigotlc; under thc Fd. ollicur co~l i i ~i g off the
duty of tlie milin piquet."
9. "No baggage to inove on tlic main road, till tlic
artillery has passed ovcr it, anil notliing to prcccde tlic
troops on the mnrcli."
10. "The Mi ~j . Gcnl. Conig. tlie Cavy. to post pnrtics
011 the ~voad, at statetl intcrvnls, for the protectioti of bag-
gage ; they are to join tlie rear guard.'J
11. " The troops to move up on tlie Asscm6[;1/, but not
to aclvance till the Comr.-in-Chief gives orders.',
12.
Tl ~ e main picquct, to iiiovc to the new ground, to
enable tlie Brigr. to post it soon ; tlle guns, squadroll, and
Cos. nrarned for cluty, to be brought I I C ~ tlic 11ead of their
respective columns."
13. ccOIficers to be left in chivgc of the siclr, one eacli
for TI. M.'s 16th Lancers and 13th Lt. 111fy. ; oiic for tllc
European Rcgt. when well cuougll to take
1.
Ghuznee to Si~waltyno, 132 miles, (30131 Juljr, 1839.)-
'I'licrlnoiucter ; ~ t 3 A. 31. ( j 2 O . M;lrclicd at 46 A. ar. The
iniiin road lay tlirougli tlie villagc of oltl Ghumbee, :uid over
it succession of liills and mvincs, very trjliiig for thc cntlle.
At 8 lililcs passcd through a Defile, about 2 o r 300 yards
bro;ld, with low hills on cacll side, which it few gulls ant1
a small body of Infrmtry cool(1 defend against very superior
numbcrs. Tlie elevation liere, i~1,ove tlie lcvel of tlic sca, is
estimated at 9,000 feet, or 1,274 feet above Gi~uznee, Thc
roild thence, stony for 2 niiles. Thc rcst of the road exccl -
lent and liitrd. Wnllcd vi1l;tges on the left of the road. Thc
country a11 waste in t he immedintc vicinity of tlie road, t i l l
we reachcd Shusligao ; where n cluster of villages, wi t h n
mud-fort, and a good deal of cultiviltion stretchecl b t he N.
Camp; rear t o the hills. A streiliu of water to tlie rcar (S.)
and to tlic lcft of camp. Soine Icarezees in cntnp ; pl ent y of
watcr. Tliermometer 3 r, nr. 8@. The elevation of t h i s
place is 8,697; n fill1 of 303 feet from tlle defile.
G. 0. 1. ccOfficers in coininand of corps and a t the
EIettd of Depts., ilre reiilirided of the ncccssity t o r epr ess
irreguliuities aillong tlie caiiip-follomcrs ; any fourld iiijliring
tlie cultivation, or committing dcl~redations on tlie corrl
fields, to be immedii~tely seized, iuid sent for puiiisllmenl Lo
tlie Provost Marshal, his dcputy, or ariy of liis assistants ;
and camp-followers to bc wnrncd thitt iiny plniidering wi l l
be most severely visited. Procl i ~i n~t i on to this cffect to bc
iiinde in t he lines a i d Ui~zars."
2. cc Tlie 13rigr. of tlic day, mill coi~sirler it a iilost i m-
porlanl duf.y to pokil " snj?lb-gun~ds" i11 Llie tliffcre~it villagcu,
:,,ltl to :'i\-e cvcry I ) ~ ~ k ~ t i ~ l l to $ro\ ~i l l g cor~l, and t o tlie
i ] ] ] ] ~ b i t i ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ * ' '
3,
" Piltrols of Cavy. to bc Sclit roliiid iu t he viciuity of
ci,lnp, scizilis itlly foulid destroying the grain, or injuring
tllc cultiv;lLiol~ ; nftcr this notice, any iiinil fol~iid in tlie :rct
of plulldcring will be ininlediirtely ?za~z/~ed."
4.
CCThe Provost Mirrslial and liis lissts. are requircd to
llilvc tllc lnealls a t Iiiriitl of giving effect to tliis order."
mrc left the Bomb;~y Brig:lde to follow with LS'hal& S?~O@U?L
nlitl liis contiagent.
'2.
To JIuftoea?ln, 8$ milcs, (31 st July, 1839.)-Thermo-
l l ~et cr at 4 A. M. 520. Miuclietl at 44 A. nr. Cavalry lea(li~ig,
follomcd by tlie Artillery, and Infruitrjr, tlie cirmel-battery,
l'ark, and sick.
' <The Brigr. of tlic day with a llegt. of Cavy., t he
Engineer Dept., i ~nd tn70 Cos. of Infy. to iiiove off from
the iiiaii~ 1)icqllet at thc f rst trumpet ;" (39 a. 11.) At 3
;uid 5 iiiiles passed two short dcfiles, (2 or 300 yards l o ~ ~ g . )
Th c road nluch uiidu1;rting. Crossetl solile wntcr-courses,
;uid ~iunieroas springs of ~vr ~t er . The lilarcli lay aloiig it
iiarro\Jr v;llley, wliicli t he cncmy conld eiisily have defended.
Great numbers of tllc villagers linctl tlic roads to loo1.1 nt tlie
troops. A liltle before you reach tlie v i l l r ~~e niid fort of
Hnftosay;!, there is a iine tniilr. of mntcr, fed by a crystal
spriiig wliicli issiies froni t he nioo~itnin.
Canzp. Sevcral streams of water roniiiiig through caliip ;
tlie retrr to\vitrds tlie hills. Tlie front, the valley ; cnltiva-
tioii, and walled villagcs. Thern~ometer 3 P. M. 8%. The
elevidion herc, is 8,420 feet, or 277 feet bclow t he l ast
ground.
Tlie people do not appeirr npprel~ensive of ill-treirtment.
Troops carrying their own supplies might liilve halted wl ~er e
they pleased.
G. 0. " I t being necessary that tlie front iuld flanlis
of the atlvalice guard should bc pcrfcctlp clear of biggnge,
the oflicer Co~ng. the ~ilaiii plcquct, will ciruse vidcttes and
scntrics to I)e postetl ;\cross thc niirin-roirtl, and to t he
lhliks, it11 hour before it iiiovcs off, to prevcnt bagg;\ge
Towards Cabool. 24 1
passi~lgllim.
T11e Baggnge-Master to bc on thc alert wit11
his so\vars, hillf an hour before the General." (1)
3.
To H?jder I<?~el, 11 miles, (1st August, 1839.)-l1her-
nom meter at 3 A. ai. 60". M;rrchetl at 44 A. nr. The first half
of the road good, crossctl tllc dry bet1 of a river. The rest,
stotly and rittller bad for gnns alld calnels, crossing several
water-courses. 'I'hc road nus ~ l a r r o ~ and 111uch irltersectetl
by streams; it ran through ir narrow virlley, fertile as it
jvas possible to be ; extensive fields of beans in flower. 'I'he
rising sun gildetl the tops of the opposite mountains. There
were trees on the balllt of the river, particularly close to
fIyder I<?~el. (2) A Cossid from Pesliazue~ brought the
oAici:rl intelligcncc of Maliarnjalh R~hnjeet Sing?iJs dent11 on
the 27th June, 1839, the diry me left Cantlirhar, ant1 of Lt.-
Col. PVade being on t he othcr side of the I(?iyber Pass.
Reports of Dost Mithonled's sol1 (Meer Ufzul Khan) being
i n our neighbourhood ; picquets, kc. increased; hc wits with
his father a t Aryhundee, a few miles from Cirbool. Thenno-
meter 3 P. %I. 94'.
G. 0. 6c Officers Comg. Regts. on the flnl~lw of the Arty.
(whence the bugle sounds) to post their tr~lmpeters, or
buglers, so that they may readily hear, and repent the sig-
nals fro111 t he Arty. Qr. guard." (3)
The clcvation here 7,637 or 783 below thc last ground.
Camp. To thc front of citlnp mas the river ; beyoncl it
were some hills tlistirnt irbi)ut 2 miles ; ir good deal of
brolcerl ground bet wen the front and the hills. (4) The
nest groti~lcl in advirnce wirs seen from our citmp.
( I ) " A party of 1 N. O., 2 II., 2 N. nn11 30 sepoys to protect the
Pilrk."
( 2 ) 'I'he scene of the treacherous and cruel niurder of Fullel& Ali
Iihan, the brother of Uost M(~Iornerl, (see note in the preceding chap-
tcr, regarding the Yizoret) by Mahoined and his son Kiznwnn, tlic
present rulcr of Herrlt ; or rather at the instigation of I<rrn)r;ln, on
:~ccount of 11 disnl)pointment of his views. 'I'l~is rendercd the feud
1)etween the S~irlrloz!js!les and the Bnrukqcs, irreconcilirl~le.
(3)
'( H. E. rem:~rlcs a remissness on the part of sentries, who
niove listlessly, conversing nit11 pilssengers : this is prol~ibited."
( l r )
Picquets wel-e posted on the liills.
2 1 .
T~ ~ h ~ ~ / ~ k ~ 6 a t / , 92 ~ ~ ~ i l e s , (?lid Aug.)-The~.nioiiiet,er 3
-,. 5 ~ . MiLrcIicd 44 A. nr. Tlie roi~d only :rdiilil~ilig of
ollc co1uo111. At Sytlabad, hidf Wily) to the right, the Cabool
ri\rcr rulls, where there is 3 cl u~np of beautiful millo\vs ;
tile roatl hence to cnnlp is th1.011gl1 t~ closc country, well
F
cultivate(].
I t was one of great ciifliculty ; narrow defilcs,
loose sloiies, ilnd bronc1 cirnals, were ~iunierons. Threc
I-ivers were crossed, t he last of wliich, the Loghu~; near
Sllalllrabitd, llas a 1l;Lrrow bridge for liorsc aiid foot-travellers
;rcross it, but passirge across tlie rivcr nlns iiiipracticirbl~
fole yons, till the 1)iotteers sloped the bariks on each side ;
bcJlolld this wirs a rice swamp,
At this poitit an elleiiiy
might have annoyeci t he troops, as t l ~ e il~ovellle~lt n7;1s
obligctl 10 be slow; and the baggage did not reach
ciunl) till vtry late. At about 2 niiles from camp there is
;I villlge t o tlie left of the roild before etiteri~ig a narrow
enlbanltcil road leadil~g to the river, ant1 some of the troops
took this circuitous route, havil~g t o cross the river where
r
it is rapitl ant1 r;~tlier deep; tlie road then lends to t he
villitgc of Slii~l~k;~biid.
Tile Thcrnion~eter 3 P. nr. 98". Tlie clev;rtio~i 7,473 feet,
or 16.1 feet ICSS tllan pcsLcrdi\y.
Camp. Low l ~i l l s close to t l ~ e reilr. A roitd ill rear of t he
centre passes into nnotl~el. valley. To the front the liills
higher and nlore distant. The river r n n n i ~~g to tlie left, and
f r o ~ ~ t of c;riiil).
Tlie road hence to Bajr~eeon i s N. E. 123
iiiiles distant by coniputntioii.
We could see Maj. Geill.
IYills/iire's ciunp at Hydeo' I<ldel, our last ground.
4. 3rd August.--Hult to-day. 1Llnj. Genl. Willsl8ive's
coluulu joined our cuolp this mornilig. Authentic accounts ?-
received of the Jiglit of Dosl Mahomed towards Barneean,
a ~ i d the abm~donment of his Artillery a t Mydan, which is IS$
~l i i l es hence or1 the roittl to Cnbool; fro111 which i t is 25
ii~iles distant. Tlie SlmA i u~d tlic Envoy and Minister had
r ~ow arrived, :uid i t miis deteri~ii~ied to settd i\ body of A$"-
,glran Cavalry ulidcr IIiljee Khan Iiuk~w. (5) ; together with
a party of British Cavy.
( 5 ) Or I-li~jec 'l'aj &Iilll~~~le(l.
After being in various scrviccs 110
Part3 sent in pur~uil of him. 243
G. 0. C' Tl ~e followi~ig officcrs having vol r~~i l eered for
8peciul service, arc to place themselves nndrr t he orders of
the E~~\ l o y iuld Mii~ister. ~' (6)
Cnpt. Ol~trilm, 23rd Born- Capt. Erskine, 1st Bo~n-
bay, N. I. A. D. C. to Si r lxry Cavy. (Poonah Iiorse.)
J. lccane, Comg. Capt. Trevor, (6) 3rd
Ci~pt. Wheler, 211tl Ben- Beng;rl Cirvy.
girl Cnvy. and M. U. Lt. Broatlfoot, 1st Ben-
Capt. Troi~[), 48111 Bell- gal Eilropenn Regt.
gill N. I. M. B.
Capt. Lawrence, 2nd Bcn- Lt. Iiogg, 2nd Ronibay
gal Cavy. Grenadiers.
Capt. Bitckhouse, M. B. Lt. Ryves, 61st Bellgal
Bengal Arty. N. Irify. (Adjt. 4th Local
Cnpt. Tayler, I st Bcngal Horse.)
European Regt. M. B. (6) Dr. Wowal, 4111 Bengal
Capt. Christie, 3rd Ben- Local Horse.
gill Cavy., Conlg. Shah's 1st
Regt. Cnvy.
'' Two Detts., twenty-five lnen each, fro111 t he 4th Local
Horsc, and Poonah Busy. Horse, to be sent on this duty;
these :ire t o be vohnteers, and officers Co~ng. those corps
are reqnired to permit Capt. Ersl t i t ~e and Lt. Byvcs to mirlic
21 selection fro111 aulong those who t ur ~l out for the service."
a A Dctt. of 50 troopers from the 2nd Beiigal Cavy. t o be
itdded to the above party. To be volu~iteers i l ~l d well
mounted and will be under Capt. PVI~eler."
CC Thc wliole t o pnrade in front of Mr. ~l!acNugl~ten's
e~lca~iipnient at one P. M. to-day." (7)
cnturcd that of Dost Mi~honrcd, ant1 wns tho Govr. of Bninssur~. Sl~eli
Sl~oojith, while nt Candnlinr, crentcd l ~i nl ~V~tsse?.-ooZ-Do~tlul~, (Uefentler
of the State.)
( 6 )
I give the wl~ole of tlie names of tlie officers, inclucling two
nl ~o joined the piri-ty on t l ~c 8th Augnst.
( 7) Owing. to the cleliry of tho AlYgl~ir~ls, or rntl~er of Hiijeu IClian,
thcy clicl not nlo\tc olT till 6 P. AI. !
2 1 2
Tbc ;\llloIlJlt of fol'ce \VilS i19 follow^ :
l s t Bombay Cnvy. 15* * Joined Cilpt. 011trnm i t t
grid Be ~~ga l Cavy. 50 the I<trloo Pass (from Cabool),
3rd ditto ditto, 1 5 about 12 ~lliles from Bamee-
1st Local Horse, 25 all, with 250 Affgllan Horse,
Poonah Auxy. ditto, 25 under their chiefs ; so tlliit
Christie's Horse, 135 Capt. 0. started with only
Affgl~nn Horse, 535; besides 200 Atl'gllnu
(about,) 550 followers mounted on Yir-
- boos, (ponies.)
805
G. 0. "A Dett. of Cnvy. under Major Czaeton (8) will
quit cnn~p at noon to-day on special duty, and go on to
Cabool, Lt. Simnpson, S. A. C. G. will accompany it. Thc
Brigr. Comg. the Artillery will send an officer, and
party
with this Dett." (9)
LC The whole of the troops to move toivnrds Cabool."
('Tlie Cnvy. to lend, folloirred by thc Artillery. The
1s t Division of Bengal Iufy., and tlie Bombny, ilcxt i n
succes~i on. ' ~ (10)
(8)
H. RI. 1~111 Lancers, ant1 A. A. G, of Cavy.
(9) To secure t he guns left by Dust 3,Iahorned nt A~ghundcc?, about
18 rniles from Cabool, i\.In,jor C. went wit11 a " pvoclunralion" from
t l ~ o I<ing, and Lielit. S. wns sent to make Con~sst. ar r i ~ngen~ent s; and
t o canso t ho liquor shops t o be closed.
(10) " The Arty on t he main rond with tho Cavy. on its right in
colunln of trool~s $ distance left in front, and Infy. on l eft in culuinn
of Cos. ) distmce, right i n front. The srppers and n~i ner s will nlovc
i n two co1111nns on the flanks of t he artillery."
'' Tho Park, with nil t he Cornsst, carts and haclteries, will move i n
r ear of the Infy., and be under t he charge of RInjor Pew, a110 mill
have under his orders, three Cos. of Native Infy. and the wl~ole of
t he Locnl Elorso ; and arrange with the D. Q. M. G. the necessary hiilts
for the l'nrk. The whole of the pioneers to be nt t acl ~ed to t he Piirk."
" The rear-guavd of the nrmy t o consist of one troop of Cavy. and
B Conlpy. of Infy.; flanking parties mill, however, be left :it t he
stated intervals, t o reinforce the rear-guard as it passes tllem."
" Tho Pd. Hospital t o marc11 with the P;~rk."
" The officer Conig. the main picquct will post vidcttes t o prevent
Gr e a t nninbcrs of I<uxz~ilbnslics cililie i n to tlie Sh;lll
to-day. ( I I )
4.
To Mydan, 18b ~ni l cs (4th hogr~st , 1839.)-l'llermo-
meter 1 A. M. 620. Tlic Y ~ U L fircd iit 2 A. ai., ii1;~1~cl1ed 3
A. M. aud tlie t rool ~s re;lchetl t l ~ai r ground ilt 94 A. N. Tlic
first p a r t of the rond miis tolerably good, :lnd open ; with
tllc except i on of a short defile aboiit 2+ iililes from tlie l ; u ~
ground. The last half ratliela Iicnvy ill~d confiiietl.
At i l bout i i niilc froill Our callll) at h'fptln11, crosseil the
Cnbool river, after crossing wl ~i ch tlie road till-11s up t o tile
right, close under low hills. At the point ~vllere thc IiiIls
conl ~nence on thc right of tlic road, is a n old fort. TIic
valley f r om its entrruice, mnrked by tlic fort, is narrow, ;lnd
wcll cal cul at ed for defence. (12)
Can 2 . . The v;lllcy of Mydsii is beautiful arid well cnlti-
vnted. Snow seen on tlie niountiiiiis all ;lround. Low IiilIs
+
to t he frolit ; tlie river Cabool t o tlie reirr, in which clircctioil
the val l ey has a gracli~al nrld sllelvillg slope, alicl tlic couiitry
is covered with orclii\rds, a ~ i d cultivi~ti011.
Gr e a t numbers of Affglbans were drnivn up on tlic rond-
side to salute tlie Shalt. Triumphal Arches were erectccl, (t he
Qora~z surrounding J l ) for llitti to pilss under.
Prcsciits of
fruit caitlc i n froin Cabool ; nor mould the people, licrc,
sell t h e i r fruit ; it was n day of joy, alld they ~voiilil accept
I
biiggnge passing to the front, and t he Baggage-Naster, with his suwiirs,
will b e o n the ground bcfore tho first ''l'rumpet.'"
" Haclceries conveying tho side t o move wit11 the Pirrk."
h
" Tho Cnmp-Colornlen of corps t o be formed on t he reverse flar~lts
of t he lending divisions, prepared to niove t o t ake up tlio ground
\ VI I CI ~ ordered."
(11)
A party of thieves in tlle niglit fired on t he rew-gnitrcl of
one of tlie corps; sliota were excllanged, and 8 patrol drove t l ~e m over
tltc l ~ i l l s ; when tlie rnoon rose they disnppcared.
(12)
Th e i n~l ~e di r ne ~~t of brolterl gr~)ancl jnst ncnr the rivcr would
delay t l i e rnove~ner~t of guns clnd Ci rv~.
An ulierny \vould pr~bi t bl p
occtlpy Llic fort, iind the lleiglits, :IS ii colnninnding ~) osi t i ol ~ ; h t
troops colllcl iidranco by tllc riglit, iind gct iu reiir of the hills ant1
i ~scend tllonl.
2.16
The posilion of Ihe Gzcns.
of pnynicnt. The T4 z i e ~ of Dost Mahomed c;rme ill to
tilc ~ h n h ;rt this place. Ther~nomet er 3 r. hr. 88". The
elev;rti~n licre is 7,747 feet or 274 feet above tllc litst:
gro\llld ; brit Q~~i l l n Si?. lMahomed between the two is 8,051
feet, so that we made both an ascent and descent from
6
Sl~irhkabnd.
To Moogheera 13 miles, (5th August.)-Tl~ermon~cter 2
A. &I. 020. Mirrchetl a t 3 A. M. A Regt. of Ctrvy. and 2
Cos. of Infy. movetl at gun-fire. The road (13) was con-
st;lutly iutersected by deep ravines, anti tiefiles, and t11c11
passerl through a very deep cut ; ~vhi ch elnployerl the sappers
irlld miners for some t i ~oc to makc it passable for the guns.
At 8 miles we entered the narrow valley of Arghundee, across
which were found drawn up Dost Maho~necl's deserted
guns, 2 3 in number. ( I 4) They were loatled and pointed t o
the front, rear, and flanks. The latter part of the road bad
with Illany deep ravines.
Tlie couritry near where the ~~1 1 1 s were draw11 up, ~vae
7
math broken and fill1 of ravincs. This grountl, while i t
would have opposed obstacles t o the n~oven~ent of guns,
aiid of Ca~i \ l ry, would have nlh)rderl cover for the advance
of Infantry close up to tlie guns ; ;rnd their fire having been
previously sile~icetl by our Artillery, which was nearly
double in amount t o that of Dost Mahomcd ; their fate
wolild have becn soon tlecidc(1. (15)
\
(13)
'I'he road lily close under the low hills for about three miles.
(14) TIVO found afterwartls irl some places close to the left of t he
roild.
(15) I think the ground nt nrlyrlar~ the strongest we me t rvitl~
b
between Ghuznee and Cabool. Had Dost Mahomed designed t o make
astllnd a t all, t he range of l ~i l l s wlrich mn pnrallel to t he riglrt of t he
road, and close by which was our route to camlj, i~ffortled t he most
comm~lnding position; and as bet\veen this range of hills mtl wlrere
we found his guns, the road was very l~ncl, he ~vould have suffered loss
in his retreat, as Cilvi\lry co11ld not hi ~ve ri~pidly pursued him. I t
ofired the best clrance of euc:ll)e: wllile at .4rgl&undce, t he grorlncl
beyond it was good enough to hi ~ve admitted of n more stlccessful
purauit. Had he placed hifi guns on t he above rnnge of lrills, troops
going up to charge tllon~ aoulcl llnve suffered more, than in tlie case
Tllc roild koni Arghundcc to Moogheera is b;td till you
reach a village on t he right of the roiid about 3 nliles fi.our
c;~ull) ; from this villnge the v:llley is operl.
Cnmp. Cultivation and t he river t o the front. TO tile
rear, the hills ; fro111 t he top of wllicll Cubool is visible. (16)
G. 0. ' <The troops to niove to- norr row, Cavalry (left in
f r o ~~t ) . Th e Artillery will1 tlle. siipper~ and millers, on t he
left fln111<. Tlie I ~i f y. (rig111 ill front)."
Whcn t he ground admils, i t will be reqnired t o form 111)
t he Ciivy. 011 tlie right of thc Arty., ;rntl t he l nf y. on i l u
left; in colulli~is of troops and Cos. B distance. Tl i e Artil-
lery will move by the innill ro;id."
<' Nritlicr followers, Ilnr I)ilggilge, t o precede tlie troops.
A gun a t two, (General.) At 3 A. nl. tlie Assenibly t o be
sou~lded. The troops to move 1113, and t o 1llarc11 iv11eli
8. E. orders." Therulometer 3 r. ni. 8V. Tlie elevation
here (or at Quilla Ifazee) is 6,508 fcet, or 1,120 feet below
t he last gronnd.
5. To 3 miles W. of Ca6001, 104 niiles. (6t h Aug.
1839.)-'l'henno1ileter 2 A, nr. 68". Marched at 3 A. M.
The troops ~iioved i n one col o~un; t here being no road for
more. Tlie road very stony, wit11 niilny bad rirvines. The
first part ovcr roclcy ground. Half-way, crossed t he storly
bed of the C;lbool river ; the bed of t he river very exte~isive,
irnd a bad road leading down to it, After passirig tlie river,
tlie road tlie~ice pilsses through confined ground, with culti-
of an attnck on them at Argltunrlce; there was there tlre cover of
broken ground nenr them, and they nligl~t h;~ve been ettncketl on
botli flanlcs, where there were fewer guns, and orlly two i n thc rear
of the sclutlre in wl ~i c l i they were fornled ; all11 psrtic~~li~rly iin there
was a deep ravine which led frola our rigl~t to tHe left of tile position
in wl~ich the guns stood ; :rnd alao broken ground in hont of it. Al l
cittnck on t.l~e guns in front, 11s nt the battle of MnRirlpoor i l l 18 17, by
\\fl~icli Hollcar's lvtillery nearly dismounted the Alitdri~s 1-1. A. gurls;
~vuulcl not t~irve been tittempted ! But, the Agglruntr do not ~vork their
gutle so u,ell or so quicltly 11s tlie ~ l f ~ ~ l r ~ ~ t r t l u e ditl i u ~ d (lo : i ~nt l the
eihrriilges of Dost Mirl~o~oed's guns, were old :ilid batl.
(16) l' l~ere is :I foot-pi1t.11 uver thc l ~ i l l ~ to (Inbool, 1)y \r.lriail 1r111cl1
distiu~cc is sil~ed; but it is not lit for tlic! n~:trcll of trool~s.
248 British Cunzp nenr C(1hool
vation ;uld gnr [ l c~~s on tllc right.
I-Iei~ce t h e r o d is
~orl l l t l ccl by low-I~iIls on e;ich sidt:. (17)
Crossed c:ul:\ls,
lllllrll stolqr gro\ii\(l, till wc re;\cllcd the gnrdcns ~ 1 ~ ~ 1 Lllc
Iligll-rn;rtl. The road l~assetl orrcr ciulals, SrViLmPs, all(l
stolly gr ou~~t l , ill co~l st ; ~nt succession. 0 1 1 1 ~ CiLnIp was 3
lllilcs ?Ir. of Ci~bool, ncilr A'nn,iocl~ee, wilere, on t he lefty is
;I salt-water li~lte. (1s)
CIITIZ~.
011 rocliy ground, W. of Cabool.
To t b e N. the
villi~gc of Nnnnochc~, :uld t he salt-water labc. (19)
Thcr -
n10111eter 3 1.. ar. 92".
Tllcre is a sligl~t frill from Cc Qzbill(i
&xee ;" the el evi ~t i o~~ i ~ t " BabelJs" tomb bei ~l g 6,396 feet
or 112 fcct less : this pliice being 1,330 fcct lower tllilll
G/~zrz?~ee. Our Artillery firetl a Royi~l siiltltc on I-I. M. S11:lll
Shooju11's arrivi~l in camp.
G. 0.
" Officers Co~ng. Brigades mill malte suitnblc
arri ~~i gcment s to protcct tllc fields sod pr dens in tlle vicillity
of tlleir enca~npmeats, and will lloltl Comg. ofice1.s of Rest s.
rcsponsiblc thiit no illjury be done to fruit trees, or corn-
licltls, by tllcir soltliers or c;ilnp-follorrei.~, in the neigllbour-
liootl of tllcir lines. To selltl oul p;itrols and plnnt safe-
y~rarrls, a t tllcir t l i scret i o~~; ;~iltl v r r i l l h;llltj ( ) l V~ r t o tile
P1' 0~ost ~ i ~ r s l i u l , his deptlty, or any of his Assts., illcliviclllals
f0~11d trespnssi~lg, or co111111ittill~
olltrage on tile
bitants.
They will nfforcl every \ ~r o t c c t +i ~~~ to the villagers
nlho l l l RY ellter tlleir c;uaps for the purpose of scllillg
~xor ~i si ol ~s, &c."
2-
" No soltliel; Or ~alllp-follo\\~el~, tr, ell(;cr lhe towl, of
Cabool witllout a writtell pass fro111 t]le Colng, oflieel. of
the oile, 01% the I I ~ I I Y ~ C P of t l ~c ot l ~cr ; \YlliCI~ 10 bC rctllrnetl
(17) Our route Rita to the left of the Citbool roatl.
'I'lte artillery
went by another ro:td.
(18) 171e valley of ~V(riinoclre,: is of some size, 'I'lrare is a snlt-wntcr
lilke i n its centre, and sonie villages heyo1111 it, sulst-ounded Ity gardens,
01-chnrds, i ~ ~ l t l ~,ir~el,ies.
'I'hu hills between tlm Un~np irnd C';ibool
])revented oltr seeing the city.
( 19) 'I'lre king er ~ai t l ~~pt ?t l on :r I t i l l tu oulq left.
'I'ltere ar;rs ;r
1\1011ntiri11 close to our right. Tho troops were encikmped OII tsvu
sides of the villi~go, nnd wnie on the S. sncl S. E. sides uf tltc n1ount:tin.
t o l i ~ e ofticer sigiii~lg, t o be destroye?, tlint 110 iniproper use
11l:~y be ~iintle of it, by being ha~ided over 1.0 unotlier persoli;
:IS was done occasio~inlly at Crandilhnr." (20)
CC Any soldiers eliteriilg the towii 111ur:t be properly
P
dressetl, irnd I~irrre Llieir side i~riiis oil."
3. '( A picq~iet of ;L st ~~i ndron of Cnvy. mill illonat this
evening :rt 6, ill sucli posilioil ill front of l l ~ e H. A. a l ~ d Cavy.,
ns the Brigndier of l l ~ c day iiiny 111ink fit. Olliccrs Co~iig.
Rrig;rdes of Infiuitry mill ~iialie their own :~rmlige~lients."
1. '< Th e Detts. ~llider Major Ct ~ r e l o ~ will rejoin their
B egts."
6. Tire result of the Cmupa.igu,-'l'lle (( Armg of t he
I7tcZ1l.lcs" lintl, now, arrived at its final dcsLin;~~ion. After
a iilnrch of 1,597 milcs (21) fro111 ICunzal, wliere the
Benyal troops h' st nssein1)led to join tlie arnly, Llrey h:rd
;rccomplislieil, it11 Llic objccts of Llle espedil.iot1, by fllllg
m-
r es~or i ng H. &I. Shnl ~ Shhooju/d-002-Moolk to his bliro~le ; by
obtaining tlie possessioi~ of Cmzda'ahur; by t;ilting llle fortress
of Ghuznec by stornz; mid by rcseiiting the king irfter
a 1:rpse of 30 yeirrs, a t t he Capitul of tlie kingdom of
Afyhanistn?~.
He enterecl llie city on the nfternooi~ of tlie 7t h August,
nccompiulied by the .Envoy and Minister; PI. E. tlic Coinr.-
in-Chief niid the Staff, kc., and nttenderl by nrI escort of
I Lancers iuid Dri~goons.
Tl ~ougl i tlie troops Ilnd mucli to c o ~ i l e ~ ~ d milll, owi ~i g to
varions clin~lgev of teiiipcmtnrc ~)rejlltlici;rl to Ilirir Ile;~ltli ;
and lverc! for ir lolig tiiiie 011 Iinlf-r;~Lioiis ; mere deprivetl of
L
( Z O) See pages 102, 104.
(81)
In this clistnnce 145. niiles were n~arcl~ed by the Beltgal
col~inirl to Lower Sindh, and on its retuni. Sonlc of the ltegts. 11ad
nlarcl~ed 16 and 1700 n~iles. The Benyal colunin made 13% m:~rclies
fl-onl f i ~ n t c l to C(tboo1; being ;In n~~ornge of inore t11it11 114 n~i l es II
diiy ! Tltis ltnd been cffcctetl from tile St11 Nosenlbcr 19.18 l o the 6th
I
Altg~ist 1839, i n less l l t n n nine molltl~s.
l ' he above does iiot incl~lda the distances niarol~ed by col-ps to joi~r
a t Kurnal.
Tile Bo,tila?j troops 11:lcl ~t~nrclied ?!I3 lniles less 111n11 rrre
h:ld u p to i'nbool.
2 xi
mnlly necessnry colnforls, owing t o l l ~ e I ~n r n s s i ~~g ~~as l i l i l ; ~r
I '
of plunclcrers; 110 troops ill any warfare, l ~cr l ~nps , evcr
suffcrerl so 1nuc11 ~vi t h sncll soldier-lilrc fecling; nnd nevcr
:
, .
did mly ariny marching in n foreign conntry commit so fcnr
I -
ncls nvl~icli could pr cj ~~di cc t he inllabitants npinsl; i t ; ~ v l ~ i l e
tlla pcople begin lo :~cl;~iomlcdge t hc bcl~efici;il elTectk of t l ~ r
cilnllge from :~narclly lo monarchy.
1
F-!
P?
$
CllAP'l'ER XI.
-
OCCURIIIINCES IN 1111: AILMY Ol7TllE INDUS IVIIILF. AT CARUOL.
1. S/dcch ShoojnhJs enlry i nt o Cnbool. (1) (7111 August,
1839.)-A1 4 iJ. t.1. 11. M. SJtnli S l ~ o o j - 0 1 - Mo k iiccom-
1~11iei1 by tlie &~vog i rl d Jf bt bl cr , 11. E. Lt.-Gel~l. Sir J. 1
Kronc, tile Mi dor - O~l i l ~, 13rigadicrsJ Sir A. Ilurnrs, lllc
Sti~i?', a l ~d all llie ol eer s of the ~nisduli oncl of 13. M.'s
force, iis ivcll as by lllaliy other ofiicers, left ci~tlip to proceed
it1 slate, into thc city of Ci~bool, about 3 lililcs dist;u~t,
lo lllc E. 01 cii~ilp.
IIe \viis cscorlcd by ii lroop of Ilorsc
Artillery, 1 scluiidron 11. M.'s 4th L. l)., iuid I squadron
II. M.'s lGlli Lancers, wlio werc pamdcd in rcvicw order
ill front of Lhc lincs, ilnil o ~ i tlle road lending Lo Cilbool.
h royal snlulc was fired ;IS 11. M. np~woncllcd the escort,
iuid tlic sqliadro~is saluted him ils Iic pnsscd ; :~ficr wv]tich,
tlley wliceled up, and followcd it1 proccssiotl lo llic ct ~l rn~i cc
of tlic towo, wlicre lllcy wcrc ngailicd forllletl ; and whcrc
anotl~cr royal siilute was fired. Tlic pcoplc were vcry
ordcrly ; there were ilii~iic~isc crowds, every pli~cc in tlie town
-was lillcd will1 lhem. As Llic lii11g advn~iced, Lliey stood up,
;~ricl wlleli 11e piwscd on t l ~cy reheated tlienisclvcs.
This wils Ll~c only dcnlonstri~tion of joy csllibitcd on tllc
occasio~i. (2) I-Iis inirjcsty Icd llic way irito lllc palacc and
(1) 'l'l~u ltir~fi (lid intend to I I ~LVC gone into C:~bool, in tllc rnorllil~g,
but pul i l OK. LEInlly of tho principal people in Ci~luol pcstordiry, and
chis ~norning, cilrnu to pay tllcir rcspects to Ilis i%l:!jcsty. Fur tile re-
1101'1 of irrriv;rl at Cobool, sce Apps. No. 5.
(2)
Zu~r~booi~lbs (swivels) liring hon~ t11c t op of LIIM gi~tc-way, &c.
:~larll~ctl 1110 cavi~lcilile, ; ~l l d occitsioncd sorne sccncs of incon\~c~lia~ce to
tlluso on hol.scbi~ck, an11 a11 were so 111ou1l~cc1.
2 t i 2
i )rt d 2
Roulc opened aid Peshawer.
gardells TJ ~ C f on~i er were so much dilspidiltcd nftcr the
lullso of llerrly 30 years, t hat t he old uian (3) wcpt, jvllile
llc csplitille(l t o his g~. a ~~ds ons and family, tlie stiite of its
fornlcl. spl ent l ~~l r . It W; ~S di f i c~l l t t o get out of t he city
i,gllill, tllc wl ~ol c of thc king's baggage passing into it a t t l ~ r
tinlc; as the streets do not admit, in illany places, of two
;IrlinlnIs going nbrcast.
91h ,itlgust.
The I-Id. Qrs. Arty., and Cavy. changed
grO~l l l (l to-day, arid tlic whole of t he I ~~f i t ~i t ~ny on t he follonr-
j ( 1 , (1) The I-lcad Qrs. itnil ill1 tlie troops, excepl thc
J3cllgnl Illf;tl~try Division, wcrc 11olv 6 milcs to the W. of
Cilbool; ;tad niovccl by the Quilla Icuxee road, which was
Tllc Bellgal Division of Infy. \Irere lialf way betweell
us the ci t y; t l ~ c Bo111b;ty Division wcre to a i r riglit ;
;,lid tlic Cavalry nrcrc i a our front.
12th i l l b g ~ ~ t .
01ving LO i~istdnccs of irrcgulitrities conl-
lllilted by Elo.opeons visitilig Cnbool, ofi cel . ~ Comg. Eegls.,
1.0 gl.;lilt gnsses to entcr tile city t o nieli only 011 \vl~osc
sobriely ;tntl slentliness dcpentlnncc CitIi be placeil; d ~ e s c
~ I I C ~ I LO bc t111Iy ~ i t r l ~ c d , tl1i~1 filly abuse of tlic i i i dul gc~~ce
~vill cilnsc t l ~ c privilege t o bc wilkheld from all. This
ortlcr t o bu rciltl to cacl ~ Ilegt. at tl11.c~ succcssivc pivades.
2.
Chu~yeclgroc~?2ii?. (13th Aug., lS39.)-'l'he Hd. Qrs.
cllallge~l g r o u ~ ~ d l o mitlii~i two lililes of tllc city ; H. E,
thc Coinr.-in-Cliirf's citlnl> bciiig closc t o BU~CT' s tomb.
141h A?iyusl.
Licut.-Col. Nrn(bc's approach to Cabool,
opencd tllc routc for t l ~ c mails from India vi9 l'eslhnloer,
(3) Then itbor~t 58 years old.
(4) d L hl.?j,-C;~lllb, Conig. divibions to lnnlce their o wr ~ :~rr;~ngo~ncntn
tor tlic police, itnd ~~rol ect i on of tllcir encimlpn~cnts.
Tho Lirigr. of tho
(lay, discol~lillued. A rcductiol~ ill ell guards ordcrctl. OWccrs Comg.
t o hold Qr. Mrs. responsibls Ibr Lho clearlliness of tl~cir li~lcs, ;111d ofli .
t ers of the Qr. Mr. Genl.'s 1)cl)t. not to fail Lo bring to thenotico oft110
Gcnl. officers llndur wl~om t hey iira sorving, any ncgloct of tho proper
lmccautions, to prcscrve t l ~ c purity of their oncinq~ment."
r 3
1 rro Infy. ~~icrlacls of ollc 11. arid cigllt Ycpuys, cnch, w c ~ o poslctl on
the main-loaid fion\ Ciibool, col~l~nul~icatir~g with tho right of 1st divid.
ston of Infy. Thosc wurc to protect the r o ~ d gainat at thittrot;, kc.
Return from l ~ursui t of Dost Muhotnetl. 253
.and tlic Plinjn6; instcad of by llie circuitous r'ontc vi8
Sliiltarporc, tlic Bola11 Pass, i~ticl Candnliar, and Gl i ~unec.
16th Auyzcd. To-il;ry, graili ceiascd to bc issllcd fro111 tlic
Coniniiss;~rint. storcs, as rations, to soldiers, a ~i d ciunp-
follomcrs. Tlicrc was iail excellent opcn, , a11d not dear,
nlnrlret ill thc city.
18118 Auyust. Tlic p;uty under C,rpt. O~i l r nn~. r ct ~~r nci l
tliis mor ~~i r ~g :after nil unsucccssfill pi vsi ~i t of Dosl Jlnl~omccl
IChan; no doiibt tlicy fitiled i11 coining 1111 with tlic i l ? r z e ~ r
owing ti) tlic trc;~cliciy of Ilajce Kldnn, Ir'nku~. Tlierc nrcre
ninny rciisons lo s ~ i s ~ c c t liis sil~ccrity. Wl i e ~ ~ t l ~c nrnljr
lcf C i ~ i d ~ ~ l i i ~ , iiistead of ~iiarcliing wit11 liis Alfbrhans, this
cC Drfendcr oj' the stale" ( 5) 11li~de exctiscs ; that. Iic 1i;ul 110
money to p'ly liis troops ; and ~~llicii Iic tlid i11;~rcli lo join
t h c Iring lie kept at it respcct;lblc clistnncc ; a1111 i t wn:;
not till Lllc fall of Ghu.vnec conviriccd llilil of Lllc 'C~i.sirty
-jbrlunes" of his m;lstcr (tlic S/tnh), tlint I I C hnsle~ted to
congat ul at c Iiinl oil tlic success ! Tlic into-ceplcd letter ;it
Cnndaliar, (6) \v;u the prenzier-pas of his line of policy.
His object \itas to scrrc any cliicf, wliosc fortu~lcs .tvould
propitiate liis own nclviuicemeiit ; and lliis is 'I'nj I-J/Ijee
K/&an, chief of tlic I(itku9-s. 1-I:rvirig becn, under Dost
Malromocl, thc Govr. of L'antceen, he tuell knczv tlle road AL'
was going. IIc knew, too, that if tlic pirrty fililcd, liis lifc
might bc tlic I'orfcit; for t11c SC DOSL" 1voi11iI~ iuobl c c r t ~ i ~ i l y ~
tlius have rccompcused liis riilliicrolls trci~cl~cries. IIatl
Cnpt. Orct~am succcctlcd; Iic tliought, 110 doubt, tliirt kc
would lose cnsle anlong tllc AIT~liii~i~, by ally o u c ~ l act
a g ~ i ~ i s t Iiis old mnslet. : tlic descrl i ~~g liis (Dust IVIalioi~lctl's)
brotlicrs \\rits, ~~crl i aps, 11c Lllot~ght it pirrdo~iablc oll'ciicc :
for llic Dosl liatl dcscrtcd tllcii~ hillibclf; S L I C ~ is lllc (.lus(?
t i c of bl.otlicrl~ood in Asiatic nations. Wliercirs, i f tllc T)osl
cscapetl, ;mid c\.cr reg;tinccl powcl-, l i i h (lhc Hitjec's) slur
miglil ycl hia~c beeti i l l tllc c~scenil~~nt : at irll evc~ils Ilc tricd
( 5 )
!' l ~~~~. r ( ( s s c e r - ool - Uoc ~~~~/ ~. ' '
'l'llc Litlc gi vc11 l ~i r n by 1111: killg ilk
i l l i l l . Soc, irlso, 1,;1gou 87, 107 ;!u(\ tllc 3rd h~guf i t , lB39, !he dil y
of liis dcp:~rlllrc, pit t l ~ c i,nrsrlit,
( 1 ) ) 1.'. 10' T.
1 I ,
l l o ~ r c r c r ri311t (polilicirlly bl )c; ~l t i ng) ill his
t]lcury, Ilc \ v ; ~ s \vrorlg ill pr;rclicc: Ilc 11nd to ctcnl \ \ ~i l l i UI I C
(Cnp1. O~l l r a r ~~) \vcll li110~11 f or his zed, pr oul pl i l udc of
aclioll, ;uld i11clo111itiJ)lc per scver ancc iultl c o u r a g c ill 1 1 1 ~
ficltl; a n d llcrc tllc Asiatic a vc r - r c i ~c hc d h i ~ n s c l f : llnd l ~ c
~r
c; rIcul , ~t cd 011 strcli n co~i l i ugcncy, i n his cool cr n ~ o ~ n c ~ ~ l s at
Ci~ntlalinl-; Ilc ~voul d, cert ai nl y, Ilnvc bccn s t a unc l l t o t hc
r oyd caus e f r om iilolivcs of s c l f - i ~~l c r c s t . (7)
( 7 )
'rllo force sent in 1,11rsuit of Dost ;M(homcrl W:IS nut ilbovc 800
Ilorscnlcn ; of t)lcsc 250 wcrc Dritislt, inclading 125 of 111~ Sllibl1's Cil\')'.
~l nf l er ~i l p t . c / I ~ ; ~ [ ~ L ; 11ut t l ~uro were 13 most cxccllent l3rilisll oflicers-
Mi1i.s. ,lug. Ilcluvrr IZoltlc. nfifcs.
On the night of t l ~ c Sd Auy.
12tl1, Di r ~noui ~~~ lo ir villngc i ~ t
..........
they 111i1rcllci1 from Slli~kl~;~- foot of ICi~loo I'irss 12
bid Lo Coda, crossi~tg ss\'critl 13~11, Fool of IIi~joc-gulc l':iss, 12
.................
riinpes of 11ills 32 I-btl~, To i L short clislr~nce of
............
.it11 Attg~csl, F ~ ~ I I I Godit l o Gurdun l)ewol, 18
............ ........... l<;ld~rr-i-SuBiJ, PS 15tl1, Sir-i-C'l~uu~nii, 17 P
............ 5th ditto, K;ctlilr-i-Snfliccl to IGtll, Kot-i-Asllroo, 17
.................... Yoort, .... 16 17111, 011cr Oorlti P;lss, to
. 6111 clilto, Yoort to Jii~lloo,.. 2(i Cabool,.. .................... 20
7111 ditto, Iiillloo Lo 'l'opcl~eo, 12 -
.......
rill1 diLLo, 'l'opclicc to 15i111leoi111, 19 Cun1111itcd milcs 96
-
Cot~lp~~tfl' l milts. ..... 123
Tho 1st rk~y (3rd AI I ~. ) few of Ll~e Aflykunu were up with lllc pnrly.
Tl ~ e 21111 dl19 (,El11 August) barely 50 -!ffylt<~rhs.
Infunni~tio~l wils obtainctl 1
that Dost hlnl~oincd was Yoorl, l t i lnilcs on.
011 111e 3rd drrg (5111 AI I ~ . ) tllcro wort! irLout 300 All'gl~ilns. Guitlc:;
ni~o)~letl to Ilnvc descrtcd. (If~rjcc ICl~un wilntctl IIO g~litles, kc knew t l ~ c
roacl.)
011. 1 1 1 ~ , 111~ (lily (6th AI I ~ . ) rcncllc~l I'oorl irt tli~ybrc;~Ii, 1)ost hl1111o-
loccl, I l j lllilcs olf, :it 11rrl:xir ; fciv Ag~hi111s furtlicolnil~g : lloil~irlg co~rld
6-
i l ~t l l ~cc Ll~em to ntlv:lnce. Cnpt. 0. says, he llad 1111 authority l o act withant
lllcm ; but to sccund tllc~n : i~clcls " Dost Alirl~o~ned's escort beini ~ I I -
rl~lcsliot~ably Lou strong for olw ~nlitll psrty, (1110; i. 0. 50 of ~ n t l Lt .
Cavy. niltl 50 Local Ilo~~sc ; I,eil~g olil r;oldicrs.) By all ircco~lntu Dost
Blahon~cd l<llan Ilad 2,000 fo1lo~cl. s~ ol' ,rllicll 500 of supcrjol-
(::~\'y. ; t11c rcst ~ n a t c l ~ l o c k - ~ ~ ~ c ~ ~ :IIILI J uz~i t i l ~l ~ccs ; 1v110se I ) ~ O ~ ~ U S S I Y~ I S
rolardctl by the sicltncss ol' his so11 Altbilr."
0 1 1 lhc 5lIi cltrg (7th All[:.) on rcacllir~g IIt1l:z[tl; found traces of
Lllr: 11mevr's cucanlpl~~cnt pcslcrday, A mile furlhcr on nlcl by dcser-
'i'lie H'cdee t hr ew evcry obstacle i n Llle nrny t o pr eve~i l
Cnpt. O~i l ram' . ~ p;wLy o ~ ~ r t ; \ l i i ~ l g DOSL Mi ~l i o~ned. C:q)t.
0. toltl Ilim lie rvoultl atlaclr t he Dos t miLl~ouL him. Th e
l f ( i e c hinled tlint wl ~i l s t Inany of our o?on Af l g h a ~ ~ s were
trailol.~, on wllom 110 dcpcndcnce conld be placer1 ; t he
Amecr's fol l o~vcrs were men nl l ~ose forl.uncs mere desperat e ;
n11(1 bonntl i n l i o ~ ~ o r to sacrilicc t l ~e i r livcs in dcfcncc of t hei r
fan~i l i cs by rvhom t hcy rvcre nccompanicd. I f such were
ters from t l ~e cnnll) of Dost M: ~l ~on~e~l Rhnn, nl ~o llntl IcSl him cnrly
Illis morning nt liolloo, nnll no signs of his bcing nllor~t lo tlcpnrt.
I-1:ljcc IChnn, Bnli~lv, snit1 11e hnrl closctl t11c ronds I~oyorirl Rninecnn,
I PI I C~C, il \rle \rcro b!~t l~rrrllent, I1c n)~rsL nss~~rcdlg f:11I into our hnnds.
At 3 1.. nl. rencl~etl li'rrlloo. Ilnjee Allnn, I<nlinrJ with tho A E
g11ni19 hntl ronlninrtl nt lI?a..zrt~. Ant1 ns the (( Do.sl" r1111st hnve sur-
lnountetl the Il:~lloo Pnss, tho l~igl~est of the I-Iintloo ICoosl~, it was rise-
less to procecd. 'IVo had crossed tile flnjec-gulc Pnss, 13,000 fect
almvc the oceiln.
On lltc Glli (!(1?1 (Allt AI I ~. ) Cnpt. 0. urns joined by Cnpts. T q l c r nntl
Trevor, with 30 troopers, nntl al~olit 300 Affghnns, whoso nppenrance
appeared to have inspirited Hajec Ilhnn, ICnkor, to come u p :~lso; (on
the last grollncl I I C had prctlictetl n night attack, ol which Ile hntl enter-
tninetl grcat nlnrn~ ; mhilc we knew tlic solc ol~jcct of Dost Mnl~orned to
be, to escape.)
"Again tho ' Hnjce' nrgctl US to wait for reinfurcen~ents ; that Dost
3~lnhomed \voultl n~nlte n tletern~inecl fitnnd nt Eomccan ; I)eyond which
thero m9 no prospect of escnpo ; all tho mnds having becn closcd, I)y
hie (EI.?jce'o) nrmngementa ~vith tllc Iru~arnl t s and othcr tribes."
Tho Ifqjeo thcn (finding Capt. 0, tlctcrn~incd to on) llnd recollrse
to entrcntics and nlcnnccs of force, and ~vitl~llolds thc guides. l'llc
1)arty tl~en went on, i~nd s~lrtl~ountetl the S l r ~ r l ? ~ ~ . i - l : u ~ ~ ~ h n (the cclsnel's
~ ~ e c l c ) Pnss.
'( ?'wo oBicers were sent on to reconnoitrc Bmlcenn. A colcncil nf WRY
was held in which it \rns resolved, tllnt on 1110 An~eer ' ~ t ~~r ni ng to oppose
us, tho 13 Erilish oflicers, mlio nro llrcscnt with this force, sl ~~i l l cllnrgc
in tile centre of t l ~c little bnncl, every onc direct.ing l ~i s indiviclnnl efforts
against tltc person of Dosl ~ITnlromerb If i nn ; al ~ose f:111 m~~s t , tllns, 110
renclerccl nrst to certain. I t being ovident tlrnt t l ~c Atighnns, on l)otl~
sides, will turn against IIS, rlnlcss we are inlmedinlcly s~~cccssf~~l . l' l~is
plnn of nttnclr n1q)enrs to nffortl the or~ly c:llnncu of cscnlle to ll~osc who
nlny sl~rvivc; nntl it is ol pnrn~liol~nt importnnce to cn'ucl the tlestrllc..
tion of l l ~e c!rnce~ rnll~cr thnn lo permit his cscnpc,"
!,is st-iiti~iie~ils, \vIiy did lie iiot dcc\ i ~i e t o go in Ilte first
ills(nlice. 1-Iad lie triily represeiited llle real amount of tlit.
Aulecr's forcc, innrc Brilish troops ~v o ~i l d have beell sellt,
and success must liare been ccrlnin. I-Ie i ~ o w says, CC I
I
ail1 :t l ~ri so~i er, nncl can linve I I O object ill spealtil~g n fillse-
Ilootl. Had Capt. Oulran~ pusliccl oli with his ~ h c n force,
llle \vIioIc wo~ild I1:lve beell sacrificed, and l he Auzeer ~voulcl
Iiave esraped. I saved llie party." Tllcrc can be I ~ u t o w
opinion ; ~vl i i cl ~ is, t hat llie Ilujee rail ~ i o rislc hi ~nsel f ; for,
if tlie Af,71tonas ~vo~ilcl have tui.ncc1 against Cnpl. 02s part y
11e (tlie l - l r~ee) mould easily linve escnped ; lzi~o\vi~ig ils lie
did :ill t he I)yc yoads nndpas.~cs. But he preferred di sl i o~i or
:uid n prisoii.
3. ltcluna of fIrtjce Khan, IZrtkur, (1Dtli Aug. 1939.)-
Tlie c.elrbr:\ted M;tjec I<hnn, I<nlrur, cnine illto Ci~Bool tliis
inonliog aflcr llie m~siiocessful pursuit of Dosl Mnhon~erl.
l n coilsequelice of Capt. 0ut ~an~' s report of Iiis i ~i i s c o ~i d ~~c t ,
ant1 Lrr:~rliery, tlie kivg would not see Iiinl. The Envoy a ~i t l
h l i ~~i s t e ~. s:~w Iiini, and on n reporl l o Lhc ltilig of tlie wllole
of Iris co~iducl, I-I:\jee I<hnn wns placed in close co~ifine-
l u~1i 1 ill Lhe Baln I f i ssu~, nrill~ a gunrtl of a Comp:uiy of
Native Infy. over him, :uid llie otlicer Coing. it, received
orders, tl1:11, i l l case of n rescue bring i~tteinptctl, t he gunrtl
\rere t o firr inlo tlie mere lip \vas co~l fi ~~ccl , and to
destroy l~ini. (8)
2011~ Au,qasl. Brigr. Arnold died lo-day. All oflieer
liiucll ~.cspccted; 11e lrnd see11 a great clcal of service. (9)
I l e ~vas buriccl ~i c xt day in llie Arnzcnian b\ ~i ~yi ri g ground,
S. W, of Cnllool, and :ibout 1 ~ni l cs froill it. (10)
(8) Sonic suppose11 Ilia confineniant would prevent rnnny influeliti;\l
ilfg1111ns coniing i n; but, his ch:~mctor is too \veil know11 : iunll t l ~c re:d
filcts of the ease rno111d be fioon kno\vn.
(9) Ro co~lirnnndcd the Reng:~l C:lvy. Brigntle. Flc n7ns forme1.1p in
tile lnfy. : I I I ~ was rot~ntletl i n tllc Peninsuln, nnd severely rounded nt
FVate~loo.
(10) EI. bl.,l.'s 16th Lancers, and two gnns I-I. A., attended ns the
funernl party, Tlie funnrsl was attended by m,ost of the oficers in camp.
Medals 20 O&cers. 257
22nd A,ugust. Tlie Hd. Qrs., 8. A. aiid C~~VJ ' . changed
arollnd to t he E. of Cnbool, distant about 2 miles. The
two Divisions of Infy. changed ground, the nest day, ;1nd
e~icnlllpeil half wily betweell the I-Id. Qrs. camp and Caboolj
.
on the low ground t o the right of tlle road.
25th Bzcg~st. Dr. Lwd came in to-dily, in advance of
Lt.-Col. PlTade's party.
27tlt Alcyust. An order was issued for tlie clis1)osition of
the troops to remirin in AITgllnnistnii; which was subse-
q~icntly changed,
30th Azq~usl. " I-I. M. S11aIi Slioojali-001-Moolk, liavilig
i~itimateil his i i i t ent i o~~, should I-Ier Britannic Majesty be
grilriously pleescd to permit tliem to be worn, to collfer
C' Medals" oli the troops eiiiploped ill tlie 01)eratioris before
Ghuz?~ec, as a mark of the high estimation ill which lie
I~ol ds their girlli~11l;y and discipline, 14. E. the Comr.-in-
Chief is pleased to direct ir ~ioniinal roll of all oficers Euro-
peim and Native, and a n~uil~erical ~eeturn of irll N. C. 0.
and privates who were actually present with their corps, or
Iletts., 011 t he 21st uncl 23rd of July last, to be prepared
ancl for~varclccl, in triplicate, t o the D. A. G. of tlie a r n ~y of
the Presidency to \vliicl~ they belong."
271~2 Sept. The Bellgal and Bonibny Horse Artillery
were reviewed before t he I\ring this morl~ilig, when 11e wiis
delighted i ~ t the rapidity of their movemelits, al~cl firing.
4. Arvivul of tlie Sl~c~linoda Fyn~oov nncl Lt.-Col. T/I7ulZeJs '
fovce, (3rd Sept. lS39.)-Sh~h~i1tlii Tymoor, (the Iring's
eldest son,) ~vi t h the troops uiider Lt.-Col. PVc~de marched
,
into Cabool this ~nor ni ~i g. Maj.-Genl. S ~ Y FV. Cotton, t he
1)rincipal Staff officers and Siv rl. Bur?~es, went to meet the
3";
Shahzadn, and marched i n with hiin. A guard of horior
consistii~g of i i troop of H. A., n sq\~:rclron I-I. h!l.'s 4th L. D.,
nilcl olie of I-I. M.'s l Bt l ~ Lancers, and I-I. hl.' s l7tli foot,
;:
was f or ~~i cd lleitr tlic cnliip of the Infantry, facing the I~igli-
'
rond, the 17th foot on t he left. On tlie npproircli of I-I. I-I.
Prince Ty~noor, a rojlnl salute wits fired by the Artillery, nlid
,
the rest of tlie guard paid I ~i m t he usual honors. All stan-
clikrtl iind Qr. gu;trds of Regts. saluted the Priiice as he pnsscd.
I
P 2 I. I
,258 Review of 1 Glk Lancers.
'
Aftcr Ile I I : L ~ paused i l l front of' tlie guard af honor, the
squa(lrons \r~licelurl up, a ~ ~ d followed I-I. H. to the city-gate,
:u~d t l l e~~ce returned to thcir lines : a troop being sent to
cscort 13. 11. to t l ~e 1)illacc of H. hf. Shnh Shoojah-ool-.
310011~ ill tlie Rela Hissct~. ( 1 1 )
H. h4.'s 1Gth Ln~icers were revie~ved this morning.
51h Sepl. Tliis day was buried poor Lt.-Col. $. Ilerring,
C. B. Comg. the 37th Bengal N, I. He mas ~narching in
charge of n treasure convoy from Candaha~. On his arrival
at I-lyrler .I~?tel, (12) he welit up to the hills, near camp, with
two other officers of the corps. (Lts. Rind and Carlyoqt), it
Havildnr and one or two Sepoys. He passed a party of
Affghans as he was going olit of camp. When lle got t o
the top of the hills, 4 party, concealed, fired at them, and
killed the Lt.-Colonel. His body was brought on to
Cabool by bearers sent o l ~t f~-om our camp, and was buried
this afternoon, in the Arnzenian burying ground. (13)
Cnpt, Fallre~yill, H. M.'s 13th Lt. Infy. rrrns also buricd
9
tliis evening.
(11) ' rho king [lid not go, nt firat, to reside in it ns it was said he
did not like to litre in it wliile Dost Hnhomed was nt Inrge! but, he overa
aime his dislike.
(12) Fonr marches fro111 Ci~bool, and between i t nnd Ghuznee.
(13) The other two oficera esc:iped with difficulty, nnd the Ha-
vildur was severely wo~~nded.
?'lie death of no officer was more regret=
I
tetl. He wns I~ighly respected nnd esteemed in private society. He
was an excellent officer. He distinguished himself a t t he storm of
Bhu?*lpocn, (18 Jan. 1826,) in commnncl of the Lt. Coy. af his Regt., for
which service he obtained the Brevet majority; nnd snbsequently wns
made n C. B. The day of his dent11 n letter to his nddress jviis received
i n his cnmp, offering him the comn~md of H. M. Shall Shoojnh's Con4
t
tingent, consisting of 6,000 men and guns. The officel-s of his Ilegt.
hnve erected R monu~nent over the remilills of their brot1iei.-officer, who
had been attnched to the Regt. fur 34 yenrs. They permitted t he old
friends of tlie decensed to testify their respect, by becoming s~~bscr i ber s ;
and on the tablet nre inscribed the Drignde and IPegtl. orders notifying
the melancholy event, and testifying the ~noral wortll, iirid Iiigll pprofefi-
aional cliar~cter of Lt.-Col. Herring.
-Tho native officers and 11len of the Rogt. solicitotl to be nllo~ved t o
qntribute their mito; for he was beloved by the officers nnd me11 of t ho
Rpgt. His nrurderers were traced, see note (32,)
Review of Horse Artillery. 259
Revie~o of l'hc Home A ~ t y . (6th Sept.)-To-day the Corny.-
in-Chief, reviewed the Bengnl and Bombay Horse Arty.
The object was t o test the worlzitlg of both, and though not
an Artillerist, I r~l ust say tliat t he detachment system appears
to tne to be the best. (14)
5. CcrmeLbattely, (7th Se1lt.)-G. 0. No. 6, Lt. Pd.
Battery to be prepared for Horse I)raf&, t11e whole of the
camels tittacked t o the battery, a11c1 llie harlless and gear,
to be lltladt!d over to Major lBero, to be talcell baclc t o I-Iin-
rloostan." (15) Tllis was LI I consequence of tlae ~~ui l l ber of
( 14)
' I' l ~ct " Dc*lacltnrerrl i~ysterrr" i s in use (as in t he Royi~l Arty.)
ill t l t e - ~ o n ~ l ~ ; t ~ Arty. Sl ~i ~f t s are, illso, user1 irlste;ttl of 11oles. l t was nc-
Ic~~owletlgerl by the I3e11gnl Arty. officers, t l ~nt this syst en~ is t he best,
i ~nd no cloubt it will be illtrotluced into tltc Uengr~l ~t r t y. 'I'hey ntlopt
it nt &Iirtlrns. The Dctaclliner~t system 11y giving 1no1.e horses, renders
el10 PI. A. nlore egcierlt ; gives o ~~r ot e c l i l ~g l ~i vt y ill c:lse there should
he no Cavy. : ~ t I~ancl; gives more horfieu for reliefs. 'I'lte raen (lo nut,
as ill Bengnl, ride all t he horses, but o111y tlte ~~ct r r horses ; they chnngo
them, riding, n~k~. t ~a t e l y, the r18av ant1 olT l~orses ; so tltat there is less
li~bor, nnrl in case of sore backs t he nenr (ridden) can be used nfi n#
horses. The shrft lilte\rise keeps up tho horses i r ~ desccncling steep
rontls ; there is less pressure on tlto wheel horses ; ;lntl in going down ;I
declivity, t l ~ e wheels ci~nnot throw down the wheelers by the run oC t ho
gun 011 t l ~e n~, which is likely to happen (as I have seen) where t he hol-
-
low hotween tho rl esce~~t : u~d nscellt i n not eqtlirl to t he length of lhu
four wheels; since, ullless the horses, on t l ~ej bl -e wheels wining t o t he
bottom of tlte slope, are institntly, pusl~ect up tho i ~s ct l ~~t , n ~ u s t be
the result; when riders and horses will be iajurccf. Besides this, t l ~ ~ r e
is a pole nttnched t o t he shaft, which, being let down, gives ense to t he
horses. Horse Artillery horses (ns wellas the Cavy.) shoultl Ilnve I\ light
chain with nn iron-pin, by which t o secure then1 when t l ~ei r riders 111.8
dismounted ; this is t he Amu n arrnngelnent.
(16)
&' Until grass-cutters can be procured. t he Comsst. to furnish
forage, each Yuboo (pony) to ]rave a ration uf hulf t hat allowed for i~
horse." (I should doubt if less than 3-4411s woulcl suffice, if in work.)
'' The reserve nmnlunition at present carricd in the park, t o be con-
veyed on camels. Pubom (38 required) for the trnnspurt of nn~mur ~i t i on
not being procurable, a t the present time, tho D. C. G. will coa~pl g
with t he indents of t he officer co~n~nancl i ~~g t he hattsry for cinnels."
" 52 cnrnols with drivers ; 20 camels for troop sl.oree ; 15 etroag grctic
sgs ; 20 suleetahs, nntf 52 strong roj~es."
2 1. 2
260 Gruncl Review.
Ba2,grec (16) camels required to colllpletc tlie complement,
flat being procurable. The camel-battery ~vorl<ed well duriog
the campaign. The ca~nel s mere ill bctter conrlition, tlli~n
tile horses, in going tllrougll the l3olnn Pass. They had
nlnrchcd l,(i00 nliles i n 10 n~ontlls. 11; is only i n we(; ;und
slipl>ery gronnd that they ever fiJ1.
(;~c~qzrllicviao.-This after110011 there mas n grand review
of the follo~ving troops, vix. ; 2 troops 13. h., 13. bl.'s 4th
L. D., 16th Lmcers, 1st Bo i n b i ~ ~ Cavillry, and 11. M. 2nd
17th foot, under the command of lJ:~j.-Genl. FTTillshire,
before I-I. M. Shah Shoojnh, iuid H. E. Lt.-Genl. Si r J.
I<enlee. The Iting lvirs seceived 11s a RoJ':L~ snl r~t e on
co~niug t~ ;tnd l envi ~~g the grou~l d ; thc colors being droppc(1
on presenting arms. Several good i i i o~~ement s were per-
formed. T11crc JVilS one 1vhic11 llatl n 11rell.y effect. Guns
having beell thronn out, were supposed t o be attacltccl by
the enemy; t he artille;.y-men retired into tlie squares of
Infp. ; and tlie eneiuy being dsiven off, Llle gunners r et u~ned
t o servc the guns, and play on the retiring enemy.
Cnpt. Otdtrant, (Bombay) arld Lt. P. Nicolson (Bengal),
wit11 a par1.y of Ciipt. Ch~~islie' s horse and 300 Affghan
(16) A particnlnr kind of cnmel used for clrnuglrl. Major (now Lt.-
Col.) Pe w has since been directed to form another camel-battery at
Nrtssconbnd. (No. 1, B. Lt . Fd. Bnllwy. G. 0. C. C. 3rd March, 1911~I.)
'l'l~is officer is the original projector of t l ~e use of caniels for drawingguns.
C:~pt, 11. AbDoll, Beng11 Arty. who comniantled t l ~ e camel-l~:lttery, is a
most zenlous, exoellunt officer ; there is noofficer more liltely to improve
the l nn~~ner of worlting wit11 them. He suggests that i t !roulcl be a11 :~tlvnn-
tngc to cnrry the ammunition on cameb, instead of in the t zi mb~i l s; by
wl ~i cl ~ arrt~ngcment the draught of the four camels nqould be less ; and
that the con~plenient of camels should be six to eacli gun wit11 its lim-
ber, to be usecl wlien four might not be enough ; : ~nd t hat there should
be rnore ,q1jnrc c;~niels.
Lt,-Col. Pew niade the experiment before the campaign toolc place, and
of course experience has snggested iniprovements. The camels get three
seers (6 Ibs.) of gmin a day. '1'11~ late Comr.-in-Chief (Genl. Sir $1. Fane)
with ltis usual foresight, directed t hi s bnttery to be supplied also with
hameas, kc. for horse draught ; we saw t l ~ e value of his providence ; nntl
there WilS enough to supply sonle (spnre) harness for the Bon~bay I-I.
Arty.
Cab001 Races. 26 1
horse, marched this morning tolrrards Hycler Klbel t he place
where the late Lt.-Col. Herring mas murdered, with orders
to snrromld the village and mud-fort, and to let no one out,
until the murderers, who seemed to be known, were secnred ;
and if they be not given up, by t he chiefs, t he place to be
stormed, and every male pot t o death." To-day, aleo, arrived
the 37th Bengal N. I. under t he coin~nand of Capt. Ba~s t oi u
with treasure from Cimdaliar. A Committee was appointed
for the exaniination of tlie treasure.
CabooZ Races, (9th Aug.)-The races at Citbool coin-
menced this mol-ning.
Dost Mal~oined nras reported to har~e illade his iippear-
ance near Banzeean. 1-1 Dett. consisting of the 4th T. 3rd. B.
FI. A. (native) under Lieut. Muway Mnckennie (Bellgal)
Arty., the Sllah's Goor khal ~ BI ~. , and 200 of the Shall's
irregular horse were ordered t o be sent to Barneean (17).
Recovered Prize property sold to-day.
w
I 12ih Seyt. A Coillinittee (15) ordered t o inspect the
canlels furnished by the BengaI Comsst. for the Bombay
column, under orders t o n~ar ch back vid I<lteZat. The 48th
Bengal N. I., Lt.-Col. Wi ~eel n; and three guns, No. 6, Lt .
Fd. battery (recently horsed) marched this l nor~i i ng for
Ghuznee, to escort t o Cabool Hyder I<han, and t he other
prisoilers from the above place ; and to escort back the
wounded officers and coilvalescent men. (19)
This evening died Capt. Timings, Cooig. 4 T. 3 B.
(Bengal) H. A. He was n most excellent officer ; and mas
completely won1 out by the wear n i ~d tear of a long
campaign.
6.
Oc ~. u~r e ~~c c s , (13th Sept. 1839.)-To-day n drunlten
Europcnn' soldier struck an Afghan i n t he city nnd knoc1;ed
hi111 clown, aild is said to have defiled t he dinner he was
(17) They have been there ever since.
(18) P~.osident, Lt.-Col. Crolre~., CT. M. 17th foot. Members, Lt.
Thresl~y (Bombay), nnd Lt. Simpson (Bengnl). Con~sst. Dept. 3,000
camels were f~~rnished.
(19) 5.i. of the sidt and wonnded left at Gliurnce, died thcro.
263
Dur6ar at the King's Palace.
cookillg.
The Affghan rose and went t o seek for Sir A.
Burnes; llot finding hill1 at hoine lie returned, and clasping
t he Europeiin round the body so as to conf i ~~e his arms,
t l l re~v Iiiln down, and sitting on his body, beilt out his brains
with a litonc. (20) e
14th Sept.
This evening (21) ended the Cabool races,
being for a sword given by tlie king.
The king went t o see
this race.
His Majesty wits saluted on conling and g o i ~ ~ g
away, by his own Artillery.
16th Sept.
The Bombay col1111111 marched t l ~i s mol.iiing
t o the W. side of the city of Cabool. (22) Tlle 4th Local
Horse occupied the ground left by the Irifantry of the
Bombay coluniii.
7.
Dztrba~ at the Palace, ( 1 7th Sept.)-A Memo. ill tlie
G. 0. yesterday informed us that 11. M. Shah Sl ~ooj . '1 l 1-001-
Moolk, would hold a Duvbar to-day, at the palace at the
-
' C Bala Hissar." Accordiligly at 5 o'clock this evening all
officers off duty were invited t o attend. The object of this
Durbar was to confer tlie order of the Doora~zee (23) Empire
on certain officers. I-Iis Majesty invested E-I. E. Lt.-Genl. Sir
J O ~ V L Iieane, Mr. (now Sir W. 13.) MucnayAten, and Mi i . -
Qenl. Sir W. Cotton with the 1st class of the order; and
informed the other officers present, on whom the order n7as
t o be conferred, that a sufficient nlinlber of stars of the order
had not yet bee11 prepared, t o enable llim to invest, on the
spot, all the Civil a i d Mily. oflicers, on rnhonl he was anxious
(20) On the 2Gth August an European sentry in front of t he Infy,
camp was shot dead by nn Affghnn, whose brother l ~nd been killed at
Ghusnee, and ns he concluded by t he Europeans. Tho ninn was seized,
and said he was content to die, hnving killed an Europenn. A 2nd sentry
i -
was wounded in tho hirnd.
(21) The ltlst heat between Mnj. Duly's Amb and another horse was
run a t 7 or near 8 o'clock.
(22) A soldier of one of H. MI. Regt. found dead on the ground they
l ef t ; supposed to hnvo been killed by his comrirdes in n drunken
qunrrel.
(23) " Ahmed Shah took the title of Door dowan," or p~rrrl of the
q e ; which being corrupted into
Do01~anec,'' gtrve one of their names
to himself and his Abdnllees."
to confer the honor of kniglitlioad; but that the order
should be speedily sent to tlieln. The names of the officers
selected for this honor, were then read over, and each, 011
being na~ned, we~l t up and niadc his bow to the king. Sir
J. I<eane ~nnde ;r speech to the ltirig, clecli\ring that if hie
sovereign mould permit him, he should bc proud to wear the
order. This wns translatecl to His Mitjcsty in Persian by
Ci~pt. Po?oell, thc Persian interpreter.
I st Class of the O~deer.
The E t ~ l of Auclili~ld, G.
C. B. Qov. Genl. of India.
Lt.-Genl. Sir John (now
Lord) I<eane, G. C. B. slid
L-- I<. C. I-I. Comr.-in-Chief.
M:rj.-Genl. Sir W. Cotton,
5 G. C. B. and I<. C. H.
(Queen's) Comg. Bengal Infy.
Division.
Mr. (now Sir W. H. )
Macnaghten, Envoy and
Minister.
Lt.-Col. Sir A. Burnes,
Icnt. (Bombay.)
Lt.-Col. (nolv Sir C. M.)
TVnde, I<at. md C. 13. (Ben-
gal.) d
Mnj.-Genl. (now Sir T.)
Willshire, (Queen's,) Con~g.
I Bombay Infy. Division.
Maj.-Genl. (now Sir Jos.)
Thackwell, (Queen's,) Comg.
the Cavy.
Mnj.-Genl. C. I-I. Simpson,
P- (13ellgn1,) Comg. Shah's Con-
tingent.
Brigr. (now Major-Genl.
Sir R. H,) Sale, (Queen's.)
Brigr. A. Roberts, (Beng;rl.)
Brigr. (late) R. Arnold,
(Queen's.)
Brigr. Reaumgardt, (Ditto.)
Brigr. Scott, (Ditto.)
Brigr. Steverison, (Bom-
bay.)
Lt.-Col. &Iacdonald, C. D.
(Queen's), Milp. Secy. D. A.
G. H. M. F. (Bombay.)
Major Keith, D. A. G.
Rombay.
i\l?jor Parsons, D. C. G.
Bengal.
M;dor A. Campbell, Offg,
Q. Mr. Genl. Bombiry.
hiIi~jor Garden, D. Q. Mr.
Genl. Bengnl. [Be~igal,
Major Craigie, D. A. G.
Major Todcl, Arty. (Mily.
Secy. to the E. and h1.)
Cnl ~t . (nonr Mnj. ) G. Tl l om- Ciil~t.. Out ~nr n, (34) 130al-
sue, Uengill Engi neer s , C. B. biry, h. D. C. to Sir J. I<enne,
Cnpt . ( now Ma j or ) Peat, kc.
Bo mb i ~p Engi neer s .
3rd Class.
Lt. -Col. Dennie, C. B. Lt.-Col. (late) He r r i ng,
(Queen's,) H. M. 1 3 t h Lt. C. 13. Be ngnl Sf th N. I .
Infp. (25) Lt . - Col . Mo n t c n t l ~, Bengnl
Lt . -Cal . Orcharrl , C. 13. 1st 3 5 t h N. I.
Bengal Eur ope a n Regt.
(2.1,) To Cnptiiin Outrnn~, kc. kc. kc.
l1 Sir,-1 am desired by 11. BI . Shall Shoojah-ool-8Ioollr, to conirey
t o you Itis nclznoi~~ledg~netit of the zeal, gal l n~~t ry, and judgment dis..
played by you in several illstances during the pnst year, whilst en~ploy-
ed in H. M.'s service."
11. ill, desires n~tt to specify three instances, on which your merita
and exertions wore pnrtic~ilarly conspicuous."
a Ph3sl, On t he occnsion of your galli~ntrp in placing yourself at the
head of H. hI.'s troops engnged in dispersing n Inrge body of rebels wl ~o
11ad tilltell up n threntenitlg position itbove H. M.'s ericarnpinent on t he
day r re viol is to the storm of Ghusnec."
I
Second/yIw 0 1 1 tlte occnsioll of your cotnnint~cling the pi~rty sent in
1,ursuit of Dost illr~hmtred Khan, \\-hen yoitr zei~lous exertions \vould in
I
i
all probnbility ha\re been cronrned \ritli success, but for t he tre:~chery of
1
your Affghnn associates."
" And Thirdly, For the series of i~ble ntld successful operations, con-
I
ducted unrler your sul)erintencIence, wlliclt entled in the sul~jection or
dispersion of certnin rebel Ghiljee ilnd ot l ~er tribes, and rvl~icli hiiue lhi~d
t he effect of triinq~~illi.~ing tlie whole line of country between C~rbul ant1
Cnrtduhur, where plunder nnrl anarclly hi ~d before pre\*nilud."
For these signal nnd irnl)ort.nnt services 1-1. A%. has commitnded rne t o
signify to you that he has beerr pleitsed to confer on you the second class
4
of the order of the '< Dourctnee Enlpil'e," i19 II nliirk of his royil approbn-
tion.
I have, kc.
(Signed) IV. H. i\Iacn;lghten,
Euvoy iind Minister.
!
Jellcrlabud, 7th Jan. 1840.
(25) Lt.-Col. Dennie, C. B. l ~nd commi~nrled i~ Brigade iit one period
of the campaign. Me enlered the army on 28th October, 1801. As Mn-
Duoranee order. 265
Lt.-Col. Wheeler, Bellgal
48th N. I.
Lt.-Col. Persse, (Queen's)
16th Lancers.
Lt.-Col. Croker, (Queen's)
17th fool;.
Lt.-Col. Smytlt, Bcngnl
3rd Cavy.
Lt.-Col. Sandwitl~, Boinbny
1st Cavy
Lt.-Col. stalker, Bolobay
19th N. I [Cavy.
Major Salter, Bengal 2nd
Major (now Lt.-Col.) War-
rcn, I st Benga1 Eurn. Regt.
Mi ~j or Thomson, Ditto.
Major (now Lt.-Col.) Car-
t-- ruthers, (Queen's) 2nd foot,
Maj. (now Lt.-Col.) Tron-
son, (Qneen's) 13th foot.
Major (now Lt.-Col.) Pew,
Bellgal Arty.
Major (nowLt.-Col.) Cnre-
ton, (Queen's) 16th Lanccrs.
Major (now Lt.-Col.) Mc-
Do\\fell, (Queen's) 16th L~LII-
cers.
Major (now Lt.-Col.) Daly,
(Queen's) 4t h L. D.
r Major (now Lt.-Col.) I\/Ic-
Li~ren, Bengal 16th N. I.
Major (now Lt.-Col.) Pen-
npcuick, (Queen's) 17th foot.
Major Deshon, (Queen's)
17th foot,
B1;ljor Tl ~ ~ l ~ l i t i , 48th Bcn-
gill N. I.
N1iljor I-Inndcock, Bombiry
19th N. I.
M;rjor (now Lt.-Col.) C.
J. Cunni ngl ~an~, 13o1nbny 1st
Cavy.
Miijor Leech, Boinb:ry Ell-
gineers, Pol. Asst.
Cnpt. (late) J. I-Iay, Ben-
ga135th N. I.
Capt. Dsvidson, 17th Bom-
bay N. I. A. Corny. Genl.
Ca p . Alexander,5th Bellgal
Ciwy.,Comg. 4thLoonl Horse.
Capt. Sanders, Bengul En-
gineers.
Capt. McSherry, 30th Ben-
gal N. I., M. B. Sliah's Con-
tingen t.
Cnpt. Jol1i1son,26th Bengi~l
N. I. Pi ~y Mr. &c. Shnh's
Contingent.
Lt. G. H. Macgregol; Ben-
gnl Arty., Asst. to the E. and
M.
Lt. F. Mackeson, 14th
Bellgal N. I., A. P. A.
P. B. Lord, Esq. M. D.
Bombay, Pol. Asst. (26)
jar, he was wounded 011 the 15th Dec. 1824, in one of tlic rn:rriy attaclrs
on the stookedes, durirlg tlia Burrnese war. This officor led tlia
Ad-
Pnncr: " s t lllc storrn of Ghuznee, 83rd July, 1839. 1-10 declined the 3rd
clnss of llic ortler (being illreatly a C. B.) Except fol~r, Lt.-Col. D. had
11con nlucli lorlgor ill the army thau those 11011ored with t l ~ c 2nd clnss of
tlic order.
(26) The officers (except Lt..Col. Il)onil.ic) in this class, ;\re not nr-
2 ill
2% March o f Bombay Column.
1 omittecl to menti011 that Sir R. H. Sale was, its Cnptair,,
i n the latl, foot, engaged with the pnrty which ;ittacked the
Bench guns, on the innding of the British troops, a t t he
1 I
l l fauri l i ~~s, 1810.
Y.
March of BomBny colunan, (18th Sept. 1 839.)-The
1
Bombay colnmn marched this morning e n rolite for Qi1et1;:~
i
and h'ltelai.
They took the route by Ghnznee ant1 Tobn,
4
I
the direct line or1 Quettn, Icnving Cantlahnr to their right ;
by nliich the ilistilnce was 85 llliles less. (37)
G. 0.
cC The Transport Train-bulloclrs and liaclterics
now with the Park are to be made over to tlie D. C. G. t o b e
employed in Comsst. purposes. (28) The wholc of t he
Park, cxcept such as is t o be left at Cabool, t o return to t h e
provinces, onder tlie orders of Capt. Dny, Co~i l ~l i i ssary of
0 rtliiance.
3.
?fZ;'arjn clo/hin~.-'~The D. C. G. to make arrange-
i l l c~~t s to sllpply every soldier remaining in Atfghanistan,
with two pairs of morstcd stoclrings, R I I ~ one pair of gloves ;
rC
thosc n t Jella/iabad, aiid Ghuznec, nntl Cabool, each with a
Poosliteen." ('28)
'< Order of Mcril.-A Co~i rt was assembled (30) to
ranged nccording to seniority. This order was intended t o represent
the tllrco classes of the Rnth. (G. C. B., K. C. R., nntl C. B.) Selectiolis
were n~~cl e ns follows. Tilose for tlie political officers nnd oficers of t ho
I
Shnk'd force by Sir Mr . H. RIacnagllten ; those for t he Brilislr oficers by
Lortl Keane.
(27) See Cllapter XVI 11.
(19) A Committee nns held to determine whether they sho~ild be
left nt C;~hool, or riot. I t was resolved to bring them on.
The ihrgu-
lnent was that they had been brought from the provinces, and s11011ld 11e
tnkerl bnck, as they never uontemplnted being kept in Afgkniskzn. P
They certainly cnrried the soldiers' beddings, kc.; but it would Iinve
bcen better to have bought the hnckeries, and have left them at Ci~buol,
and to hnve used the drc~t~ght, ns rarriuge-bullocks to carry loncls, for we
found the hnckeries a grei~t nuisance on our nlarch back, in bnd rorttls ;
and i t is a wonder that they ever got safe back.
(W) Jackets made of sheep-skins dressed, and t he wool worn insidq
wi th :wms to then].
(30) Under G. 0. G. G. in C. No. 99 of 1st May, 1837; consisting
of 1' F. 0. nnd four members (two C~pt s. and two Yubndars.) The D.
J. A. Gmconducted the proceedings, and recorded t he evidence of the
rliief and other Engineer ufficcrs.
I
Attack on Chi ~i es. 267
record tlic clainis, of certniti Nutire olficers aiid solilicrs of
thc Ec~lgnl srippers irlitl miners, t o obtaiu tile Order of Mer i t
for distinguisl~ed co~i duct at Ghua~lec." The chief E~l gi l l eer
tuid Lts. Duruad aiid Maclcod, iuld tlic clilimaiits, i i t t ~ l l t l ~ ~ 1
tile court.
23rd Sept.-Oficers Con~g. corps reniaitiitig it1 Affglia~lis-
tau, t o sciid reporls to tlie 1). Q, M. G, sheiviilg ~ l ~ i l t t ent s
are requiretl to couiplete tlieir corps t o tlie prescribed
co~aplemeiit,. Tliis irfter~loon I-I. M. Shah Slioojah reviewed
tlie Sikh troops :rrrived with Lt.-Col. Wack's missio~i,
under tlic cou11n;und of Col. Shaik Bussnwun ; whet1 t hey
pwforlnetl a series of nlovcuicnts in good style, 1;ecpiilg up
good fire fro111 t ~v o field-pieces ant1 ai ~~s ket r y.
271h Sept.--l'lie 3rd C~LVY. mirrchcd towards Jcl1:llirb;id
to reinforce il convoy of ttcasurc iii progress t o I-Id. Qrs.;
tiiltil~g tell dilyd supplies.
29dh Sept.-G. 0. ' rTlle result of all at t ack on a horde
of Enliditti by ir Dett, u~itltw. RiIi~jor AfucLaren, Couig. lGth
N. I., is published in orders."
CC Tlint officer with ir promptitutle higllly creditable to him,
at t he requisition of thc Politicirl Ageiit, Capt. Ou19-arm,
liioved with a wing of liis Regt. froni t he fortress of
Glruznce, iuid after a lr~nrcfl of 50 liiiles in l i t t l e more tllirn
24 hours, joiiied Capt. 0. at Killoogoo, 011 t he ~i i oni i l l g of
tlie 18th inst,, a ~ ~ d iiss~\ined co~nma~i d of tire t roops ; li;lvi~ig
Iiei~rd tlii~t tlie ICujuclc tribe of plunderers l l r d descended
from the mountaias, lle ulerchetl at liiidlliglit 011 t he 21st
to irttack tlieui, with tile tletirils in the m:irgin." (31)
"'l'lic Dctt. came in sight of tllc robbers :rt day-light oil
"- . tlie 22tid, wlreii Midor MucLuc~en, iiii~de s uch ad~~l i r i l bl e
disposition of his force, ns co~liplctely t o hem t l i et i ~ ill.''
'; Tlie robbers are tlcscribed to Ili~ve tlefcntled t l i cn~scl rcs
vlitli bravery, but mcre speedily overpowcrcd by tlic gallall-
(31)
A wi ng 16111 N. I., 60 Sltil~ner's I~orse, 1111dw Lt. J. S. UrailA
Jml, Be~~gi ~l Et~gille~rs ; 150 Cl~ristie's ~IUI.SU, uncler Lt. P. ~\rico:olsow :
;rntl 160 A!Tgl~tr~~s, u~ltler Jftrlroeted Osr?ltr~* IChritr.
2 u z
t l ~ ~ ~ of the tl.oops; ant1 Ihc nrliole birntl has bee11 ei l l ~er liillcti
o; till;pli l~riso~lers." (32)
9. T~oops to venbair& in A&l~anis!nn. G. 0. 2nd Oce.
1339.-1.
cc The whole of the 1 st (Bengirl) Division of
Illf;b~itry, thc 211tl (Bengal) Lt. Cavy., ancl No. 6 Lt . Ptl.
i
I
battery, will continue in Affghnnistan, a ~ ~ d a Dctt. of 30
sapl>ers under ; u n Engi ~i eer officer." (33)
\
2. "Maj.-Gcnl. Sir FV. Colton will conlnland the troop6
i l l Affgliiinistm, a i d all reports to be ~nnt l e t o him after
tllc 10111 inst."
3.
a Capt. J. D. Doz~glas A. A. G-. will perform the cluties
of tile A(1jt.-Genl.'s Dcpt. Cnpt. J. Palon, A. Q. M. G. will
]lave charge of the duties of the Qr. Mr. Oeiil.'~ Dept.
C;q~t. IYall, A. C. G. will be the senior officer of t hat Dept.
Supg. Surgeon Atkinson will ren~iiin. Orders hereafter will
1)c issued for cnritoning the troops."
4. "The 2nd T. 2nd B. H. A., 11. M.'s lGt.11 Lancers,
nild 3rd Lt. Cnvy., 4t h Locirl I-Iorse, (34) tlie ren~ainclcr
,'
of tllc s:~ppers iuicl miners, a Coy. of 20t h N. I,, with
Capt lihrtller's COS. 2 l s t N. I., n~icl Llle Dett. now i11 pro-
grtAss t o Fltl. Qrs. undcr Cilpt. Ilopl<ins, 27th N. I., will
nilovc tow;rrils Ifindoslim, 011 s~icli day ancl order, as mill
be 1iere:~ftcr issued."
6. c c l i i d c ~~t s for Pooskleems, gloves, and soclis for tlre
corps and Yctts. to reni;rin i n AKghanistan, t o bc supplied
witliout tlelny."
6. "Tlic Fd. I-lospitirl will be brolien up, sucli portion
( 32) " blnjor. M. rcports tlint amongst the enptolg, are some of t.ke
r
murderers of tile lilt0 Lt.-Col. Xerring, ant1 that articles 11ave been dis-
covered in their possession ml ~i c h prove thi~t from this horde ofBiinditti,
ies11ec1 the 1)ilrties \\'lrich, by plunclering our cattle, and rnurderilrg our
clefenccless followers, occasio~led i~lrrroyi~nce to llre troops 011 tlreir iid-
viince upon C~~bool."
6 L R. El returns his tl~anlcs for the patient elrduri~rlce of fi~tigue a1113
for the ynllnlrt beitrir~g of the troops in the siiir~nish, which he ~vill I I O ~
fnil to rcpc~rt to tlre Gorr. Genl." (Soe note 26~)
(33) Lt. J . L. U. Sturt.
64) 'the 4111 Local horse by G. 0. 4th Oct. 1839:
of the ast bt s. 1101; necessary, will be sent t o Fero:xpoo?', nrld
t l ~cr e be discharged."
7.
"The medical stores reinailiillg ill Afl'gl'aliistnn, to be
under charge of such officer t o be selected by the Suptg.
b
Sorgeon, and hold wit11 i t tllat of thc corps."
S. " Assts. Baggage-Master irbolislletl froin thiu dnte."
9. " Capt. F. il/~eeler, 2nd Cit~y. , to l)e D. J. A. G. to
the troops in A~gl ~ani st : t n, from 10th inst." (35)
10. " Tlie Dy. Provost M:~rsllnl, ;inti l'rovost Se ~j t .
flarman, will remain unclcr the orders of Capt. Douglas
A. A. G."
11. Milj.-Genl. Sir PV. Cotton, will bc pleased to
nominate all officcr to act as Pos t - ~l ~i ~s t er to the troops
nndcr his colnmand."
12. " Capt, Bygrave will co~itiiiue as Pay-~iiaster ; sub-
ject to tlie pleasure of thc Govr. Oenl."
13. a A spccial Comoiittee, (36) to assemble 011 thc
6th inst., for the purpose of reporting on Inen of I-I.
M. ' s 13th Lt . Infy. ;uld of the European Rogt., who itre
deemed unfit for further service. No miul t o be presented,
wllo is liltely to recover his h e a l ~ l ~ by a resitlci~ce i n
AfgAa~bistan." (37)
(36)
Majors Hozigla, D. J. A, G. andSugc, Post-miister, permittetl to
rejoin their staff situntiona i n Ili~~tlost~~n, ant1 to iict i r those sitl~:itions
with the troops proceetling with Hd. Qrs. 'The Rev. A. H~imtnonrl \vae
pwrnitted to return to Indii~. Tile l g d . Surgoori llntl Medl. store-ltecper
to rejoin their corps.
Asst. Bitg~itg~ &Illr. Ilicks to proceed u~itler the orders of tho 1). Q.
M. G. Provost Serjts. J. A i ~ n l ~ m illid .J, Hawis to rejoin.
The Provost M:~rslinl, :ind Provost Serjt., to accompriny Rd. Qrs. Tila
telits of tho Fd. Hospitiil to be nlntle over to tile D. Q. 31. Ci , to conl-
ylete corps re~ii;iirling.
(36)
Proside~lt, Supg. Surgeon, i ~ n t l olle Sl~rgeon, nrid tllrce AssL.
Sul.gwris, 111elnbers.
(37)
I'roceedirrg in the case of H. X ' s service to be guidatl by the
rules prcscrilecl for ir~rnlicliag i n H. AI. S, For co~opii~~y's troops by
tlrose li~itl t l o\ rrl l i l l G . 0. Gth Al~~rch, 183.5.
On tl~e Gth inst., :IS to niitives, urltler tile rules Iiiitl (low11 in C;. 0.
1st June, 1835.
t
14, cc Ofticers Comg. corps ill the 1st ;lnd 4t h U~.igadcs
to frlnlish tlie drafts for tile 9t h Cos. wit11 zirnis ;rot1
;Iccoutre~~ients, to marc11 to t he provi~~ces."
15. "'Rie ii111i~itl Coowi t t ee on iir~iis, (33) will 11ow
be nsselnblcd ; iitld i ~ l d e ~ ~ t s to be niiide on t he Del l ~i
MngnU.'." (39)
10. 4th October, 1839.-G. 0. cc The D. C. G. is
rlirectetl to co~ilply n.itli the Indents of tlic officer Comg. the
2nd Cavy., for an cxtr:r blitliltet, for every horse."
ccl ' l ~c Miij. Gcrll. Co11lg. t he Ciivy. will order ir cirsting
Co~u~~i i t t ee o11 the horses of tlie 2nd Ciivy."
5t h 0ct.-Lt.-Col. Wade marched from Cttbool on his
returo to Loodiiinnh.
St h 0ct.-Treasnre n~nou~l t i ng to 13 Lnlrhs 12s. (R 130,000)
iirrircd to-day at Hd. Qrs., u11(1cr c o~~voy of 2 Cos. 27th
N. I. coiiimci~ided by Capt. Hopkins, togetlier wit11 solne
troops fro111 Jellirliibiid. This co~ivoy calne through the
l(I1ybcr Pass with 2 Cos. Tlic 3rd Lt . Cavy. calne ill wit11
?
the convoy Iiavil~g ~i l ct i t iit Juglduluk, six 111nrches from
Cabool.
A speciiil Committee (40) wtls held iit the Coulsst. Fd.
Dt~pGt, to inquire into ant1 report on the cause of tlie loss of
citrrii~ge nlld supl,lies, sustained by a late convoy.
Passes.-"To guard agi~inst irregularities, officers COI I I ~ .
corps ~vill witliliold, for the present, (41) passes to enter
the town. Men desirous of ~ n i t k i ~ ~ g purchases, to s i g~~i f y
their wish to the ortlerly Serjts. of troops or co~np:rnies, tit
evening parade, i ~~i t l those deserving of tlie indulgence arc
to be illilrclied down to t he city, under N. C. 0,, to be 11eld
rospv~isible for conducting t he whole of the Illen biiclc P-
to Cillllp."
(38) Usual ilr December.
(39) l'lle ilidel~ts ta be for\vilrtled tl~rollgh Ge111s. of di~isiolls tu
D. A. G. ; wit11 copies of sur\rey reports.
I
( 60) One F. 0. nod two C~ipts. 011 tho co~lvoy just t~rrived.
(41) l'ay nbont to I)e hsuud.
Disposilion of Troops. 27 1
"The Provost Miirshill, with liis Depnty, and Assts.,
supportetl ei~cll by a slilalI guard, will patrol ill t he t ow~i , i r t
intervals tllrorlgllout t he diiy ; with i ~i s t r act i o~i s to arrest
disorderly peroons."
I I . Disposilion of troops i?a Afyhanislan, CaBool, (9th
Oct. 1839.)-6. 0. H. M.'s 13th Lt . Infy., three guns
of No. G Lt . Ftl. battery, ant1 the 35th Ni,t.ivc Infy. to
renli~in a t Cnbool, and t o be accoml~~otlated i n t he Bala
Wssar." (43)
Tlic Hd. Qrs. of the Shah's 1st C:rvy. xverc i11so left, irnd
sonle of his Artillery. (43)
Lt.-Col. (now Brigr.) Dennie, C. B. was lefl; in com-
mand i ~ t Cilb001.
cC The pablic cattle, as well as the Rewnrree cauiels, t o be
sent for grazing t o Jellaltrbad ; and the Envoy and Miuiater
will be solicited t o place a body of Afghan horse to lreep
up the com~nu~i i cat i on between Cab001 and t hat place."
F
JellalaBad. "The 48th N. I., the 4th Brigade, ant1 Dett.
of sappers and miners, and 2nd Cavy., with a Ressalah of
Skiiinelss horse, t o be cantoned at Jellalabad."
Three grins of No. 6 Lt. Fd. battery t o he stationed at
Jellalabatl. (44)
Ghwnee. " Ghuznee to be garrisonetl by the 16th N. I.,
a Ressalah of Skinner's Horse ; a ~i d such details of H. M.
I
Shah Shoojirh's ir~ailable, the whole t o be under the com-
mand of Major M~cLarcn.'~ (45)
L C The ICajamirlis liow in usc t o be reti~incd with corps."
Candahar. Candahar will lla~ve for its garrison t he 4 2 4
43rd N. I., 4t h Co. 2nd Bn. Arty., a Ressalah of 4lh Loci ~l
6
Horse, and such details of H. hil. Shnh Slioojiih's troops
(45)
Lt. St u~t , Engineers, built the bnrracke.
(43)
The tloolies (excapt 1 per Coy. H. 84:s 13th Lt. Infy., Gol~in-
dnz, nncl 35tI1 N. I.) to be sent to Jellnlnbncl for the winter; but the
fill1 proportion of Knjnwoha, to ba ret:~inecl at Cnbool.
<44)
'I'l~e party furnishcii for duty in the Khyher Pass, to bo relieved
periodically, at the ple:rsure OF the Y:lj. Genl. Comg.
('$5) "Two tloolius to remilin tlierc, on11 slich pnblic, and Reanree
canlcls, as cannot bo providetl at Ghuznee."
273
Order of Marclk hack l o Indi a.
;,s Illi\y be i~viri1;ible. Major-Qcnl. Nett, will commi ~~i cl .
Ortlers \\rill be sent througll t he D. Q. M. Q. t o Lt.-Col.
S/r'c?,, se~i i or officer, t o pnt t h e t r oops under cover. (46)
12. Troops r e l u ~ n i n g to India, (1 1 t h Oct . 1839.)-
( 6 Tllc t roops t o ret uru t o t h e provi ~l ces will move in t he
f ~l l owi np vrder." (47)
cc 1st Cohmn. I-id. Qrs., H. M.'s 16t h Lancers, Capt .
l?armer's Coy. 21st N. I., and a Ressalall of 4t h Locnl
Horsc," (completetl t o 100 survars.)
"2nd Cohdmn. 211d T. 2nd B. 13. A., 3rd Lt. Cavy. ; 4th
Local Hor se ; Capt. I-Iopkins's Dett., V t h N. I. and Det t s.
under Maj ors Squi7*es, (48) Hczrren, (49) and Capt . l-'~.ole,
(50) ; under tlie coai maud of b1~j . -Genl . T/~ackwell."
13t h Oct. Of i cer s Comg. corps in Atfb.llirnistiia, t o
tr;lnsmit t o t he Coni ~ni ssary of Or dna~i ce, Del hi Magnc.,
s t a t e me ~~t s , c o u l ~t e r s i g ~~e d by Brigtrliers, (51) f or art i cl es
urgent l y required." ( I n ant i ci pat i oi ~ of tlie annual indents.)
(46) A BI~. of the Shah's Infy. some horse, and hi8 two troops of
1.Iorse Arty. were at Cnndnhar.
" On the operations in Sltnwl and its vicinity being over, the 3lst
N. I. nntl two Ressnlahs of 4th Local I~orse, now at Qucltu, to move
to Dndur, where they will receive P. 0."
' I The Coy. of Bo~nbay Arty. with tile battery of 9-prs. will join Mi~j.-
Gonl. IVillalrire's column, nntl nlove torvlrrds tlie Bornbny presidency."
" 'Che >lily. stores at Quetta to be made over to C;~pt. Ilcrin, 1'01.
Agent, (receipts in duplicate.)"
(47) I t wns necessilry to marc11 i n two columns, as tho road vi8 Pe-
sllawer wns k~~orvn to be inci~pable of affortling forilge for all tho cattle.
'1Ve hnd on lenving Cnbool, 3,100 public ant1 Rewnree camels, and Govt.
lost 1,300 of tlicso between Cabool a~i d Pesharver, a distirnce of 193
nliles; besides a great nreny bolongi~lg to officers and private indivi-
duals ! ! 1
(4,s) Invalids H. R1,'s 13tl1'Lt. Infy.
( 48) 82 Drnfts for the 21id Eoropenn Regt.
(50) Uri~fts for tlie 9th Cos. of native Infy. Iiegts. then at Cabool.
(51) " l'hose of tile 1st and 4th Brigades (G. 0. 11th Oct.) were
directed, nccorcling to tho Regnlntions, to inspect the rrlerl of their Bri-
~ndes reconrmendod for the illvalid Estbts; a~l d to strike out of the rolls
s11c11 ne thoy considered fit for further field service; co~r~municsting tile
nanles to tho D. A. G."
r
Ca p. John Hay, 35th N. I. and M. B. 4th Brigade, died,
;ind was buried this afterlioo~i i n tlic Am>~enian burying
ground. This officer was l-'e~.siaa I~tier$reter to tlie late
Sir H. Tone. I-Ie joined liis ltcgt. on this expedition and
I coiiiinilrided the J'cdse oltnck at Gl i c~z~t ee. He \\~ils i~ good
officer ; a~i d iiiucli estecmcd.
14th 0ct. -G. 0. "Tlic ltessirlnli 4th Local Horse to be
attached to the 1 st Column, linlf as i L rear gnartl, and tlic
remainder to be ill rear of H. 34:s 16th Lancers, follo~~red
by Capt. Paymer's 2 Cos. 21 st N. I."
(' Tlie 1st Cobrnn to march to-niorrow."
(' The 2nd CoZumn to mi~rch on the 16th inst.." (52)
Lieut. PnZme~ 111tr. and Qr. Mr. 48th N. I. was appoilited
Post-Master to the forcc remailling ill AfYglianistan. hdajor
Sage continued as Post-Master witli the troops returning
to Inclia.
Malionled Hyder IChan, Dost Maliomed's son, the late
Govr. of Ghuz~iee, i~i(1 Elrrjee IChan, ICalrnr, returned with
tlie 2nd Column, under charge of Ci~pt. (now h5i~jor) Mc-
Sl ~cwy to Iudia.
( 62) ?']lo nittive details over H. hmi.'s 1Gt . h L;mcer's Cornsst. fitore,
t o be furnished from the 3rd Lt. Cavy.
CHAPTER XI I .
DESCRIPTION OF THE COUNTRY OF CbBOOL.
3. h7utm.e of t he co~mtry.-The province of Cabool lies
between tlie 3'24 atid 354 degrees of N. Latitude; and
betneen tlie 631 aiid 714 degrees of E. Longitude.
The city of Cnbool is in 34" 30' 30" Lat. N. and 6S0, 311
Long. E. I t lias to the N, .tlie Hindoo Koosh; t o t he
S. the Sufcd I<oh ; t o tlle E. Peshnmer, and t o the N. W.
and TV. Barneean, and the Ilazara mouritains. Cabool is
one of the gates to Hindostan; and Candahar is tlie other.
a
Baber (1) describes the country of C;rbool as situated in
the 4th Climate, (2) i n the midst of the inhabited part of
tlie world. (3) I t is a niirrow coantry, but stretching to a
consirlerable extent. It s length is in the direction of
E. and W. It is sarrounded by hills on irll sides.
(1)
Memoirs, p. 136. The nal~ieu of plirces, kc. are spelt according
to Sir 1V. Jones's plan, except I have used C for I< in Kabul irnd
Kondultor.
(2)
Ghuznee is i n the third climate, or division, Asiutics SiLJr t here
are seven. The Uq111ern irre reclto~ied fr-om Cllinn \V., extending,
more or less, to the N. rind 8. ( ~ ~ I o o ~ I I ~ I ~ ~ I ~ - o o ~ - Q o o I ~ o ~ ~ )
P- (3)
L C He collfines the t el w A~~gltcanistan to tlre co~l ~~t l . i es ir~hnl\;ted
by Afglt,ln tribes.
'I'llese were chiefly the lrill trnclts to t he S.
of the road from Cnbfil clnd Gltilzni ; t he low aour~t ry of Lamghnn, and
in general ;dl the places nnd low grountls, with t he towas, were
inl~iibited by 'l'i~julcs, men of ;r different race." An Arnieniirn told
me that Cnbool irrid Ghuznoe were considered i n Nindostnn, nnd
Multoor, six m:rrcl~es from Ghuznee on the road t o Cnndnher, nras i n
,. Klto~.nuorr. Bnber says, that the people of Hindostlrn call every coun-
try beyond their own lihorasan.
I'orster, p. 121, snys, (iiccording to
Sir W. Joneg) " Khor, in nnciont Peruiirs, signifies t he lust." On
entering the Bnl~~fb Pitss, you are i n I Zl ~ur ~~s al ~.
2 x 9
(cl' l~r cou~i t ry of Cabill (4) is very strong, ant1 (1iFFicnIt
of acccss, ml~etlicr to foreigners or c~iellries. R e t ~ v e c ~ ~
Ballth, I<untlooz, and Budillilish:lii, 011 t he one side, ;uld
Ca11i'~l on tlic other, is interposed tllc mo~~i i t ai i i of Il i nd6
I(dsl1, the l'asscs ovcr ~vliicli ar e deven in nuluber."
r C During the summer, \vhen the wilters are out, you
call go by t he Pass of ~f l i h~l ' ~76, 0111jr by tnliing t hc route of
Hrrn~inn and Ssi,qhan ; but; ill t hc n' i~iter season they triivel
by t he way of Ahclerch. I11 \vinter all the roilds are sliut up
for four or five moi ~t hs, escept this alone; such iks tlleil
to Shibcrtu through this Pass, travel by way of Ab-
dereh. In the season of spriog wlien tlle waters are in flood,
i t is as difficult to piws these roads its in winter ; for it is im-
possible to cross the water-courscs,on account of tlie flooiling
of t he torrents, so that t he road by the water-courses is not
11ass;tble; and as for passing aloiig the mountains, t he
~noulltaiii traclr is so clifficult, that i t is only for three or
four ilioi~tlis in a u t ~u i ~n , \vl~eil tlie snow aild t he waters
decrease, tli;~t it is pri~ctic;lble." (5)
a The road froin I<hornsi~ii leads by tlie may of Canclahar.
I t is n straight levcl rontl, and does not go through auy
hill Passes.',
'( From Iliiidustali there arc four roads which lead up t o
CabGI. One of these is by t he way of Lanighantit ( t he
great ro:ld from Citbfil to Peshawer) nlitl conies by the hill
of KJteiber, i n which thcre i s one short hill pass. I11
all t he rest of t he roads there are Passes of illore or less
difficlllty.JJ (6)
(4) P. 139.
(5) Zurnnl~ Shall (I~rother of Sl ~ nl ~ Shoojnl~) crossed over the HnzRrn
mo~~ntai l i s on his ~ n : ~ i ~ c l ~ from EIel-i~t wit11 ;I botly of horse, and reacl~eit
C:~bool in t\velve days; but heavy guns c n n ~ ~ o t come by this rontc.
Car;rv:ms travel this route in summer; hut the ns c e ~ ~ t s of ion~~mer:tblo
liills nre such, that i t is s;riil to be very fatiguing to the cattle.
RInjor Potlinger crossetl over these mountains from Herat to Cnbnol
i n October, 1839.
(6) See, Chapters XIII. and SIV. for the route between Cabool
and Pesl~nwer.
Its Divisions. 277
" I n tlie country of CiibQI there are olaliy vtirious tribes.
I t s valleys, and plaiiis arc i1111;ibitcd by 'l't'~rks, Ainiiiks, a ~i d
Arabs. In the city and t he greater part of tlic villages,
the population consists of Tijiks. &[any otllers of the
villi~ges and districts are occupied by PashBis, 13;irAchis,
, n..
rajlks, Bnrrlies, and Afghans. I n thc liill conntry, to thc
TY. reside tlic I-Iazirss (7) :ind Nukderis. Anlong tlie
IlazBra ilnd Nuktlcri tribes, t l ~erc :we sonlc who speak
the Moghol 1:luguages. Thcre are eleven or twelve dif-
ferent 1;uigu;igcs spolien in Ci ~bQl ; Arilhic, Persian, Tilrlti,
Moglioli, I-Iiiicli, Afghniii, Puslitoo, Pasl~Bi, Parichi, Geberi,
Bel.elri, ant1 Lamghani. I t is dabioos \vhctIiel. so inany
distinct races, a ~l d tliffel-ent I:uiguagcs, coiild be found in
illly other country."
2. .Diu.isio?zs of the C O ~ ~ Z ~ T ? J . - ~ ~ The coui~try of Cabal
is dividecl into fourteen TrlnliZ~is (districts.) On tlie X. lies
the LamghnnGt, which comprehencls Live Tuiilfins and two
Balilks (Talooks.) The largest of the Tumiins of La~ngl ~nn
is NnngenliBr. (8) I t lies t o the E. of Cabill, 13 farsal~gs
(more th;ln 50 miles) of very difficult road, I11 tlirce or
fonr places there are sollie very short I<otuls, or steep hill
Passes, ;lnd in two or three places there are narronls or straits.
Tile Giir~i~sPl (or region of mi~rm temperature) is clivided from
tile Surclsfl (or region of cold temperature) only by the steep
Pass of Biidi~m-clleshmeh, (i. e. Almontl-spring.) The Pass of
Bacla~i~-cl~eslimeIl lies S. of t hc Ci~bCl ~~i ver, between little Cn-
bill and Barik-$11. Snow falls on the CnbQl side of tliis Pass,
blit not on the TCur~ili-sai' : ~i i ~l Lillllghilllfft side. Tlie
illomcnt you descend tliis liill Pass, yon see quite nnotlier
world. Its timber is different, its grains are of another
sort, its illiirnals of n different species, niid tlie manncrs arid
cnstoins of tlie inlinbita~its are of rr different Itind. Nan-
(7) They inhnl>it the 11ill-collntry between Cnllool and IIernt.
'I'k~ose on the C'itbool side tire Slreenlls ; those on tlle Mer:it side, Soonees.
( A)
'' Lies along the C;ll)irl river on tlic 9.
I t is the Nunnellnur;~
of MI.. Elphinstone's nli~l)."
genllPr has llirle stre:rms. (9) It s rice and wheat are
escellent. Oranges, citrons, and poii~egr;~ui~tes, are very
nbnnrlnnt and of good qunlity." (10)
(<There are a number of other districts belonging to
I . ( 1 On the N. IT. of Cabill is Kohi-Baba. (The
I
*
Helnlund and the river of Cnbfil both rise there. T l ~ e
river of Balkh rises i n tlie N. JV. of the same mountain.
Tlle river of Ei bi l k, and the Surkhrfid, rnl~icl~ descends by
I<undoz, rive at no grcat distance.) I t is a l~igli snowy
mountain, on which thc snow of one year generally falls on
the snow of another." (12)
'< The different districts of Cabiil lie i n i d lnountnills
mllich extencl like so many ~nounds; with vales and level
plains expanding between them. The greater part of the
villages and population is found on these irltern~ediirte
S ~ L I C ~ S . "
3. East c~n und 1Vovthern Mountains.-" The mountain-
ous coul~trp (13) 011 the E. frontier of Cabal is broken and of
I
7
two Itinds, iuid the mountainous coiuntry on the W, of Cabal
is also of two sorts, in which it differs fro111 tlie hilly country
(9)
Wltence said to derive its nmne ; which in Affghani means
nine strenms."
(10) Baber says, ' l after conquering Lnhoro, and Debhlpfir (a town
in t he province of Nooltnn, 80 miles S. by \V., froin Lahore Lat. 30"
431 N. Long. 750 41' E.) A. D. 152.8, I brought plantnins and planted
them here; they grew and tltrived. The year before I planted t he
sugar-cane in it, which throve remarkably well. I sent some of them
t o Badakhsl~%n and Boliliara. I t is on an elevated site, enjoys run-
ning water iind the climate i n t he winter season i s temperate!'
(Consult the 9nap beyond Hindoo lioosli.)
9-
(11) P. 146.
(12) " I t happens very rarely t hat t he old snow has disappeared
before tlie new falls. When t he Ice-ltou~cs of Cabal a r e exhausted,
they fetch ice fiooni this mountain to cool tlieir water. I t i s three
fatrsengs (IS miles) from Cabill. l'liis hill and that of Ba~ni an are
both exceedingly lofty. The Helmund, t he Sind, t he D;tglrabeh of
Iiundos, and tho river of Bnllch, all t ake their rise in t hi s mountain,
and i t is said, that in the same day a person mny drink from the strenms
of all these five rivers."
I
(13) P. 161.
Its Mountains. 279
in the directiorl of Anderab, IOlost, and the Badalrhshanxt,
which are all covered with the Archeh, or mountain pine,
well watered with springs, and abounding wit11 soft and
snlootli heights; tlie vegetation on these last, whether on
the hills, the geiltlc heights or eminences, or t he valleys, is
all of one sort, and is of good quality. I t abounds with grass
named Icah-but-lreh, which is excellent for horses." (14)
' 6 Nijrolv, (15) and t he hilly country of Lamghanlt,
Bajoui; and Sewad, are of another ltind, having illany forests
of pine, fir, oak, olive, and mastick, but the grass is by no
means equal to that of the hill-country just mentioned.
(16) Tliough tliese nlountains are not ilearly so clevated
as those that coinpose tlie other hill country, and appear di-
minutive in comparison, yet they are sillgl~larly hard hills ;
and there are indeed lopes a ~ l d hilloclrs which have a
smootli, level, surface ; yet tlie hilloclrs and hills are equally
hard, are covered wit11 roclrs, and inaccessible t o horses."
Westevn Mountains.-cr The mountainous country which
lies to the W. is composed of t he hills which form the valley
of Zindan, tlie vale of Suf, wit11 Gorzervan, and Gharjestan,
which hills are all of the same description. Their grazing
grounds are all i n tlie valleys; the hills, or hillocks, havc
not a single handful of grass such as is to be found on t he
mouiltains to the N., nor do they even abound wit11 the
Archeh pine. The grass in thc grazing ground is very fit
for both horses and sheep. Above these hills, the whole
country is good riding groond, and level, and there all the
cultivated ground lies. Tlie courses of the streams are
generally profound glens, often quite and in-
capable of being desceiided. (17) The hill countries of
(14)
" Said to be so called hecause it grows in hutch, Itnotfi, or
patclies."
(16) '' Perghann and filoghulistan."
(16)
It is trbundirnt enougli and lilieaise taII enough, hut good
for nothing, nnd not ltindly either for l~oraos or sireel)."
(17)
'' I t i s a singulirr circ~~mstance, tliat, while in all other Inoun-
tainorls traclts, the sti~engtlis, i~ntl steop arid rugged pliices, ;)re at tlle
top of the hills, in these nioulitairls the strong places are all towirrds
the bolt on^,"
Glliir, I<;irbii, (IS) ant1 I-IaeAra, are ill1 of t l ~c hind thnl has
bcen described. Their pasture gross is i l l the villleys and
p1;rins. Tllcy have few trees, and even tllc rlrcheh pine
does not grow in then^.
The grass is nrit,ritivc to ilorses
ancl sheep.
The deer ilre nunlerous ; and the rugged, and
precipitous places, and strengths of Lllese hills, are ulso lleitr
the bottonl."
Soutlicr?~ I--ills.-CC This hill country, homevel; bears IIO
resemblence t o Lhe hills of I<hnajeh Ismael, Desllt, Dnman,
Duki, (19) and Affghanistan, which have all iln unifornlity
of aspect, being very low, having little grius, bad water, and
]lot a tree; and which are nn ugly i ~nd worthless connlry.
There are, perhaps, scarcely i n the wliole world such dismal
looking hill countries as these."
4. T~a de , f i ui l s and Clinhale.-a On the road between
I-Iindustan and Ichorasan, there are two great nlarts;
the one Ci~bQl, and the other Candirhar. (20) Caravaas,
from Fergliana, TGAestan, S;rmal.kand, Barllrli, Bokhirra,
Hissar, and B~ d i ~ l ~ h ~ l l a n , nll resortetl to C;rbGI ; while
those frolu Khorasan repaired to Candahar. The prortuc-
t i o~l s of Khorasan, RQm, (Turltey), IrAk (Persia), and Chin
(all China), nlay be found in Cabfil, whicll is the very
el l ~pori un~ of Hindustan."
Truits.-" I n the districts dependent on Cabfil there is iL
great abundance of the fruits both of the llot irnd cold
clil~~ntes, and they are found in its immediate vicinity. The
fruits of the cold districts in Cab61 are grapes, (21) pome-
(18)
Sotnc t i n~es called Gnznee, some times I<nrnOd."
(19)
" Dnlti is the Hindi for n Ilill.
Bubw illways uses i t fur tho
S. E. hills of AHghanistnn."
(20) Baber's ,\'le~noirs, p. 137.
(21)
Said to be 36 Itinds and even more, they each come i n s t
different times during the seilsoii.
l'hey are in season from irhout tho
rniddle of July till the end of October.
"There is a species of
f i r 9 0 they call tho lu(llcr-g.mape, that is very delicious ; its wir~es alse
strong and intoxici~ting ; that prnr\uced on the skirt of t he mountain
of Khwajeh Khan Sanid in celebrated for its potency." BnDcr irdds,
" T l ~ c drinlror knows 1Ra jluvor of the wins ; how sl~o~ilrl Iltc sober kt oru
Frui t of Cabool. 281
granates, (22) apricots, penches, (23) pears, apples, quinces,
jujubes, clamsins, almonds, and walnuts; all of which arc
found in great a b~~nda ~i c c . The cherry ('34) is also here.
The fruits i t possesses peculiar t o a warm climate, are t he
orange, citron, (25) t he amliik, the sugar-cane, which are
brought from the LamghanAt. (26) They bring the Jel-
gl i t l ~ck (27) fi.0111 Nijrotv. They have ~i uni bers of bee-
hives ; but lloney is brought only froin the hill country on
tlie W. The Rawasli (Rhubarb) of CabGI is of excellent
quality; (28) its q~~i nc e s and damask plunls are exceHent,
as well as its Badrengs." (29)
Tlie potato was introducetl by Sir A. Bur?tes, a t C;tbfil,
in 1837. He foulid some in 18'39, in the garden of the
Numilb Jubbar I<li;u~; and i t is his illtention to send
sollle to Ghuxnee, Candal ~ar, and Jellallabnd.
G.1-nin.--" Cubfil is not fertile in grain ; (30) a return
of four or five t o one i s recltoned favori\bIe. (31) Tho
melons too are not good, but those raised from seed brought
froin IChorasan are tolerable." (32)
it P" IIo was in his younger dnys fond of wine. Th e grapes of
Ghuznee are superior t o those of Cabool; tliough the former is 1330
feet Inore elevntecl than Cal~ool.
( 2 2 ) Sollie me strw weighed 36 Co.'s Rs. (-2.0 Co.'s 11s. are about a
Ib.) nearly one H).
( 2 3 ) Some weigliocl 22 Rs., Inore then hnlf n lb.
( 28) Bdel* siiysJ " I crrusod the sour-cherry tree (Aloo-baloo) to be
brought here H I I ~ planted ; i t protluccd excellent fruit, and coritiuuos
thriving." I t is ncid, not sour.
( 25 ) Ancl a berry like the l<arindn (ICu~ounda) used i n t art s
in India.
( 26 ) The country E. of Cabool. Babe?. caused the sugar-cane t o
be brought, and plnnted i t there.
(27)
"The seed of a kind of pine, t he conos of vrvhich are ns big as
;I xiianls ~ W O fists!'
(28) 1Vl1en s~veetened with sugar, it i s eqoirl t o the bcst'apple-tart.
( 29) A large green fruit."
(30) T l ~ c city of Cnbool is pnrtly supplied with griiin from IColiistnn.
(313 Bnbor says, that tho produce of tho crops of Ghuzliee exceeds
t1i:rt of Ci~bool.
( 3 2 ) ?'he melons of Bokhnra nre said to be so good, t hat cdter tast-
2 0
38'2 Climate, Valleys, Plains,
The climate is extremely delightful, and i n
this respect there i s no such place in the lrnow~i world.
In
the rligllts of surnruer you ctrnnot sleep without aposteen.
(33) Though tlie snow falls very deep in the winter, yet the
cold is never excessively intense." (34)
" 111 the spring t he N. \\41lds bloivs incessantly ; they call
it bade-perman, the pleasant breeze, (but plbobably i t 111eans
the breeze of PCrwan, from t he town of t hat name N. of
Cabal.) From t he 6t h August t o t he 14th October, 1839,
me 1i;d the mind fro111 the N. W., E., N. E., and N. W.
The N. W. ivind i n September and October caused falls of
snoiv in the mounti~ius."
Vullqs-Pluins-Meadows.-CC I n the neighbourhood of
Cabal (35) there itre four fine Aulengs, or nieadowu. (36)
i l ~g them, no person would eat one of Cnbool; but the Ciib001 melons,
both tlie musk and water melons, are good.
I
P
(33) " A sheep, or lalnb-skin cloak." We arrived nt Cabool on
the 6th August, tlio hottest tinie of tlie yenr; nnd n bli~nltet nt ni ght
IVRS ecceptable.
(34) '1'110 'I'herniorneter at Cahool this Indt \~illt131' 1839-40, wa8 oft en
40 nncl so below sero! Tl~oligh Glirrznee is 1330 feet above Cnbool, the
last winter there has been xnilcl. 'I'he first firll of snow we san on t he
niountains wason the 3rd Sept. 1839. Babwsnys thnt "Though the cold
is intense, and mucl~ snow fillls in winter, get there is plenty of fire-
wood, and neiir tit hand.
They can go, nnd fetch i t in one dny. T h e
fuel consists chiefly of mastick, oak, bitter-almond, nnd the kerkend.
The beet of these is t he niastick, which burns with ~b bright light, a nd
bas also n sweet perfume ; i t retilirrs its heat long, rind burns eve11
when green. 'l'he oalc (helilt is t~ kind of oak, and bears acorns, but
has 1)riclcly leaves, from ahi cl ~ circumstance i t is probnbly here con-
founded ri t h the holly) too, is an excellent fire~vood, and tl~vugh it
r )
burns ri t h a duller light i t iiffords much hent and ligbt ; its e~i i bers
lnst n long time, i~nd i t yields I+ ylensant slnull ill burning. I t has ono
singul~ir property; if i t s green brtiliches and leavus nre set fire to, t hey
blaze up and blirn from the bottom to the top brisltly ul d with a craclc-
ing noise, and catch fire a11 at once. I t is a fine sight to see this t r e e
burn. The bitter almond is the ri~ost abunda~lt and comlllon of nll ;
but it does not last. The lterkend is e low, prickly, thorn, thnt bur118
alike whether green or dry.
(36) Baber, p. 138.
(36) *ulunk or dung, a plain, or meadow.
and Meadows of Cabool. 283
On t he N. E, is t he Auleng of Sung-Icorghan, at the dis-
tance of irbout 2 kos, (4 miles.) I t is a fine plain, and the
gmss agrees well with horses ; there are few nlusquitoes (37)
in it. To the N. W. lies the Auleng of ChBlak, abont one kos
(2 miles) from Cabal. I t is extensive ; but in sonimer the
~llusquitoes greatly aliiloy the borses. (37) On t he W. is
the AuIe11g of Deveren, which consists properly of two
plains ; the one t he Auleng of TibLh, the other that of
Rush-Nadir, ~v l ~i c h would nlalie the Aulengs of Citbill 5 i n
nnmber. (38) The Auleng of Siah-Seng lies on the E. of
CabB1. Between this last Auleng and the currier's gate,
stands the tolnb of ICutluk Icedem. (39) Adjoining to this
lust valley is t hat of ICe~nri. By this comput;rtion i t
appears that there are si x Aulengs about Cabal, but me
hear only of t he foul* Aulengs."
The Cabill river runs through t he plain, and there are
llumerous springs of water by means of which the valleys
;r
call be highly cultivated, to support a larger population, as
soon as the country shall become settled, and the distinction
between (' vneum a r ~d tuurn" be rightly understood.
About 15 or 20 miles to t he S. E. of Cabool there is a
very extensive forest which supplies the city with timber,
and fire-wood.
6. The City of Caho2.-1st. The city of Caboolis not
as described by 2sbrste~ a walled-town ; (40) and is aboul 3
(37)
I t i s said thnt they as well as gnats, attnck tile bellies of t he
canlels and cattle, during the hot weather, and by crenting a sore
,--
cause their death. Hence i t is nsaal to send cemeln to graze t o a dis-
tance of F26 or 30 miles from t he city.
(38)
" Each of these 2 aulengs i s about a farsang (4 miles) from
CJBI. Though but of sn~al l extent, t11ey nfford excellent pasture for
Itorses, and are not pestered wit11 gnats. There is not in nll CabQl
any aoleng equal t o these."
(39)
'(This nuleng being much infested with musqui t o~s in t he
hot weather, is not in sucli high estimation as the other&"
(40)
Forster, vol. ii., p, 79. He says, it is 1) mile in circumference ;
he wrote in 1783. He could not have i~ioludod t he Bath Zfiss&r.
C~v$drtlrar is more t han 3 nliles in oircun~ference.
2 0 2
284 ?'he City of
rllilcs in circumference.
~t is situated on tlre a. and
betmecll two rallgcs of hills, which protect it from t he N.
an(] S. willds, o\ving t o which circumstance its site nppea1.s
I
t o have beer1 becti selected.
From the Candilhar side, you I
enter by the W., passing through a mindiug range of hills
I
till jmi nleet the entrance, between the hills on each si de of
it ; tlieg rise up nearly perpeiidicnlar and ;Ire fortiiied, i n t he
Asiatic style, by doubl e-\ ~i ~l l s wit11 small bastions, t he walls
being loop-holed. (41) 011 t l ~ e S. W. of the city t here is n
aniall hill, ~rrhicl~ is calletl Baber Bi~dshnh. (42) ULLII~P'S
t o ~n b is just below this hill. I t is ~ i o l large, nor in a good
style of r\rchitecture.
Froin t he above hill a clear cryst al
stiqei\~n issues.
The gromld on which ttre tomb st ands is
higher than ;my in the city, and is enclosed by n wall all
round. South from the city and to the E. of Baber Bad-
shah, there is a lake iicarly 4 niiles in circumference. (43)
I
The view from t he E. side of t he city is tlie best. (44)
From the E. the city of Cab001 i s seen t o advantage; t he
Bnl;r Hissnr being to t he S. E., and from the hills t o t he
N. E. you obtain tlic elitire view of both ; the whole of
thc city being seen, with the B a h H~SSRI* t o the left, of t he
ln~itlscspe.
2nd.
The length of tlie city is from E. to \V. ; tlie N.
and S. being contr;lctcd by tlie bills. 0:1 the E. nntl S. E.
side is tlie Bala Hissnr, (45) ~vliicli, now, as formerly under
(41)
Snit1 to have been built by Ahnied Shall.
Tl ~ese ar e of IIO
defence to the place ; but n fire from them might annoy the inhabitants.
(42) a Cnllecl (fornierly) Shuh Cabiil (where Baber lri~nself ia
buried) fl.oni the circnnistance of :r Iring of Cnbfil ]laving built a p:ilrrce
on its sn~iimit. This hill may be nhout n firrsimg (nearly 4 miles) i n
circnmference."
(4.3) This lake irrigates the lnncls on the E. side of t he city, and
by i t the country niay be lloodetl.
(44) The west side is not seen on accou~it of the hills closing in,
'by \vliich there is t he appe:lrance, a s stated by P'omte); of tho city " rle-
scribing gencrc~lly the figure of n se~nicircle ;" the base of which i s t o
the E. : tho coontry to the W, is the most pictlrresque.
(45) The palacs is i n the centre of the walled part.
There is an
entranoo from the E. aidc, and there is a gnte-way which lends
the kings, is t he resiclence of tlie Governor; and even i n the
tinlc of Dost Mahomed. The Balir IIivsar division is abont t
mile long a ~ i d ) iilile broad, t he lengtll being from X. to W.
(46) ; and has n stone-wall all rouncl.
Just on entering
r yo11 come t o the spot where t he barr;~clis :ire built, beyond
which on tlie lcft is a large square for stables. There has
beeii n smi~ll girte built to the a. entrance into the square,
on passing i nt o whicli, a road lends down to tlie lcft to the
palace in mhicli tlie Envoy ant1 Minisler lives. The king's
palace is on t he right side of the great square ; the S. and
N. sides of ~vl ~i c h to the rear, are occupied by the palaces
ai ~t l gardens. Tile large square is ;rbout 200 j ~ar ds squ;ire.
Beyond this square there is another in which the Slial~'s
troops were encati~ped. TIien you conie illto the street
cotitaining t he baziir. Tlie Bala Hissar (or upper fort) is
1
to he S. of llie side where he Eilvoy and Millister lives ;
it is on a high co~i ~t i ~andi ng hill, overlooking the city. (47)
h
from it to the W., from which the rond t r ~r ns to t he right, rims along
the river, and passes over a bridge into the city. ' I' l~e " Baku Ifisrni."
itself is to tlre 5, or1 ir hill which oserloolis the city, nnd would con-
t ~ i n n corps of 800 or 1,000 men. The &rla 1liss;lr division contnil~s
a bazar and two or thrcc pirlirces. The bnrrticks for our troops were
built not far from t he Icing's palnce.
I
(40)
011 entering from the E. Ride after proceeding about 200 yards,
tho runt1 turns off to t he right lending to the Ba h Ilissar. 'l'he r oi ~d
straight on, leads illto the city.
E
(B7)
I n the time of 'l'imoor Shn11, his brotllers and other stnte pri-
soners were confined ]]ere. 'l'i~noor Slral~ lived irt Ca~~di ~l r ar usuttlly.
From the follorving Persinn lines of the poet Bloolln Mnl~on~etl Tnleb
?
Meean~nee, it would seem, tllilt t he ltings lived actually in the cita-
)1
del, or upper fort, " Drinli wine i n the citadel of Cabill, ant1 send
rouncl tlre cup witlrout stopping. For it is at once a mountuin and ri
seir, ir town, nnd a desert."
Babe,. s : ~yg " I n t he N. part of the cit;rdel there are hoirses with
rvi~~do\r,s,, wlric11 enjoy a t l el i gl ~t h~l ~rttnospl~erc." l'lre pillace in the
Bula Hissar, where Shall Shoojnh lives, cirnnot I)e t he citadel referred
to i n the ;hove lines ; for a " ntolcnlain" must apply to the /rill on
~vhi c l ~ the upper p;trt, or citadel, stnrrds. The present pidace tlrere-
fore, is in the Bnln Hissar Diuiaion.
The City and Suburbs
The Ifiuz~ulbashes liirve a division of tlie city to themselveu
on the W. side. After entering tlie city froin the W., and
proceeding about ;t a mile to the E., tliere is a road whicli
turns to the left, (N.) and leads illto the Seistan road,
running to the N., and the first turn to the right taltes you
-
to the E. passing a village, bringing you out of Cilbool ; the
city tlieil being to your riglit, a~i d gives a front view of tlie
Iting's palace. There is i\n entrance into the city, from tlie
S. W. side leading from Babey's tomb, which, on your
reaching tlie outskirts, turns to the left to get to the 717.
entrance. Tlie road t o the right l e d s to the S. side of
the city.
31.d. There nre no gates to the entrances t o tlie city.
That to the Bala I-Iissar division could easily be protected.
The other entrance on the E. side, is ciilled the Lahore
entrance. The entcance by the N. is by the Seistan roiltl.
There is none directly from the S. Tliere are four spacious
e
bazars in the centre of the city, (48) where articles and
gootls of all kinds, English, Russian, Indian, and fro111
almost every part of tbe ~vorltl, are to he sold. Tlle
entrance on the Lnliore side (E.) leads into the most
crowded bnzar I ever saw. The streets are narrow, and in
some parts do not atlxliit of two horsemen passing itbreast.
Tlie streets are paved wit11 large stoues, but are nlr~ch orit
of order ; ptrrticularly in that part leading froui the Bnla
Hissar elltrance into the city, and the i*oad outside tlie
gate-wiry towards the river, and after pirssing through the
first bnxar in the direct line from the bridge ; in many
pli~ces tliere are deep hollows in the centre of the road.
The houses have two, some three stories ; and at the
? -
top of the houses a wattled frtrmeworlc is erected to
re~ider them more private; here the people sleep in
the warm weather. Many of the houses of the princi-
(48) Said to have been built by Al i Mr~rdan Khan, a celebrated
nobleman i n the reign of Jehangeer, wllo reigned from A. D. 1605 to
1628. These bazara have covered passages, so that the sun does not
shine on them. There were fountains in these bazarq in the dnys of
the ancient kings. I
of Cabool. 287
pal people have gardens attached to thern.
The shops
are on the ground-floor, itnd the traveller procures an
excellent dirlner for about one penny.
Fr ui t of all kinds
are to be had. Tlie grapes atid otlier fruits are to be seen
piled up in tiers in the front of the shops. Frui t and cook-
shops are to be met with ill, or near all t he bazars ; but
iron, &c. \;?ares, clothes, kc. are i n particular qnarters. Ice
aiid sherbet and all t he luxuries of an qf ghan tliririer lllity
be had for nbout three halfpence.
4th.
The Citadel, Suburbs, 4c.-Dost Mnhomed had com-
inericed to build a Fausse braye t o the Bal a Hissar. EIe
comme~~ced it from tlie S. side, (49) atid this is the onlg pttrt
of Cabool which could be defended. There is ir wet-ditch
ronnd it, deepest on t he S. side ; to tlie E. it may be 3 o r 4
feet deep. To t he S. W. distant about 16 mile, is t he Arme-
nian (50) buryiiig ground which is sorrounded by a wall,
aiid aliere all our officers were buried. A Ceiiletery should
be, and no doubt will be built at Cabool.
I n tlie MaltomctEdn burying ground near arid t o t he S. E.
of tlie city, there is a tomb-stone with this iriscription,
Here Zyctl~ the body of John Hicks, son of Tl~onaas and
Editlt Hicks, who deparled this lve, the Eleventh of October
1666." ( 51) Near the hills to the N. E. of t he city are
some inosques close under t he hills. T o tlie S. E., on tlie
(49)
It wns said 11e moulrl have con~yleted it in 6 months more ;
hrid we de111yed the crpeciition, he would I~nve been so fnr the better
prepared.
(60) Dost R~Itrhorned was the cause of n great number of the Armo-
nians leaving Cabool. They were the manufacturers of spirits. The
Ciibool-spirit, wllicll is very strong, is n~nile from grapes. When from
fresh griipes, it is not unlike wl~isltey, and its color is vhite; when
prepwed from the dried grnpcs, owing to tho bruising of the seeds, it
1111s an unpleasant flavor; it is dear, being nbout It or d shillings a
quart bottle. It is not a bad drinlc with jvarm water nntl sugar, in
the absence of brandy, &c., but it is snid to possess dcletel-ious quali-
ties, why I cannot understnlid, ns pure spirit ougl~t to be tllc pro-
duce ; I should npl)rel~end this not to apply to fresh grupes.
( 61) The time of Aurunzebe. There is no tradition of who Jolin
flicks was.
Il i l i s t Ii st n~~t about 8 or 9 miles fro111 tlie city, are t wo lofty
I s , xilid to have bee11 built by Alexander t he G7.ea.t :
tile i ~~s c r i ~>t i o ~~s 011 the111 liave not yet, I believe, been
tlcryI~l~c~~etl. To the N. E, of Citbool about 5 miles t here is
I
a I,e;u~tifr~l plain where the races were lield nntl tlie troops
v
rcvicwcd.
To the 14'. and N. IV. of the city clistant about
2' n11d 4 ~nilea, there are severit1 sulnmer honses, e~lclosetl
wit11 \r.nlls nl~d g: ~rdc~i s; and there ttre villages in various
directiol~s. Tlie view, therefore, fro111 t he Baln I-Tissar,
:~rltl fro111 the llills which enclose the city, i s very estcnsive
mid grand.
5th. Rcvcnrla, P~~~ul ot i on, Army.-The 1Eeve1111e of Crtbool,
( 52) Hootkhalt wid I<oh D~I XI LI I I is said to be about 5 Laklls
Its. ($50,000.) Tlie last ycar of Dost MahomedYs rule, t he
~~I l o l e revclirle of tlie P~ov i nc e of Cnbool was 26 L:~lchs Rs.
(,$')G0,000) i r ~cl udi ~~g Gl ~uzl ~ee, Jellilli~b:ld, &c. T l ~ c di st ~i ct
of CnI,ool on liis :~ccession yielded 50 or $60,000. Out
-+
of this rercliue Ile hi d to pi ~y his army 21 Lnklis Rs.
(,f210,000) so that Ile hat1 littlc left for other pn~.poses.
Tllc 1?01~~l at i o~ II:\s been variously stated at 60,000 and
100,000, :rnd Si r A. Ru1-nes thi111ts il exceeds 100,000 ; and
that it ~vns lievcl. so l ~i gl ~ :IS in Dost ~Mahoine(l's time. It
nppenrcd to ine to be greater t l ~i i n t hat of Cnndilllar ; and
t l ~c Iior~scs at Citbool co~itnitl lilore stories. The ar my was
p:rid ~; ~r t l j r in money, by griuits of la~~cls, and by giving so
lii11~h grai~i. (53) Dost Muhorned's regular Ar my was
( 52) Of t l ~e city of Cnl)ool nl ; ~s in Baber's time &33,333, but i t is
said t o be more IIOW. Tile extreme amount of the Revenue of Affglin-
nist:rn which must hnve included Cabool, C:~ndalla~; ant1 Herat under
r-
the Srtddoqe prince m:ls, it is said, 80 or 90 Lakl~s Rs. (800, 01-
-W0,000.) Blplrinstone, vol, ii., p. 268 (new edition) states i t to have
been three crnres of rupees, but only two crores available t o t he
crown, of which ono crore (one nill lion sterling) went in Jagl i i l -e~, 01.
grants to the military chiefs. This must hnve included Bnlkh, Sindh,
Cashmere, Lahore, kc.
Mr. Elphinrfone rnlist refer to t he reign of Abmed Shah ; and Si r
A. fijim8, t o
latter part of th:lt of Timoor Shah.
(53) Sir A. Burnos says-"The quantity of grnin received i n
fornter tiules by a soldier as his pay, or by a pl.ol)ortion from his lands,
I
Army of Dost Mahorned, . 289
about 14,000 men, of which 6,000 were Cavalry, with
about forty guns, besides those in Glsu~nee, &c. The fear of
invasion by the Sikh, a ~ ~ d his proxitl~ity to the country of,
and disputes wit11 Moorad Beg, cnnsed hinl to maintain an
army much beyond his means. (54) The sytem of paring
the troops was, that a Sirdar, or Chief, received so many
villages, or so much l n ~ ~ d , and a portio~l of ruoney, and
grain, for the mni ~~t enance of his quoti1 of t r oo~s . (55)
i s (1837) unitltered, but sltch is t he c onl ~~~ni nt of n want of money,
thirt t be value of grain i s deteriorated by tr thfrd and often by one Isalf.
I t IVRB, at one tinic, I I I I I I ~ I I H ~ nnd even considered a dlsgri~ce, to 1111rt
~ i t l t lnncl in C:lbool, but i t miry be now (1837) had nt from six t o seven
years' pul.chi~se, and is for sale everywl~ere. Duri ng t he snonnrciry,
t he AffyI~iliru went, in the course of tlicir service, to Pe~3Ii(t~er, SiruiI,,
Cauhrtreer, nncl to t he other provinces, and broogl ~t biick with them
their srrvings. No such op1)ortunitics now present tl~emselves : t ho
Koh-Darnun, Jellulubud and Lughrnun, are their Sindls rrnd Cashmcer."
(54)
I t was reported (Sept. 1838) tltat the envoy sent by Dost
lWahomed to t he king of Boltlinra t o seek his ;rid ;rnd al l i n~~ce 11ad been
intercepted, on ltie return, by Meer hlorird Beg of I<undoz, who aft er
plundering him of ltis horses, sent back t o Boltl~nrn tlie presents lto
was bringing t o Cabool, and had since seized several villages N, of
Btrmeeati, which were added by Dost BIal~omed to his own possessions
about the yenr 1833 ; and in consequence Dost Rliiho~ned had sent t he
greatest part of his dispos;~ble troops to tltrrt quarter; and ordered t he
reinforcentent which llnd been despatclied towards Ali ~ W ~ s j i d , to hiilt
a t Gundamuk (about 34 miles from Jellnlabnd, and 07 miles from
Ali M~~s j i d) . Overtures of peace were subsequently made by Moread
Beg: but, their proximity t o eaclt otlier, rendered i t necessclry for
Dost M~l t omed to keep up n large force.
(55)
When these troops were serving a t other placea tllnu near
their I~omes, or stntions, t here was a difficulty in providing for t he men
and horses, for in t he winter tho Cavalry and most of t he Juxzailchees
were stlitioned nt Jellnlnbnd, which being distirrit from the J a gl ~e e r s
granted to t he chiefs, there were not the meims to obtain forage for ~r
ltrrge body of Csvy.
On t he occitsion of tlie last marc11 t o Pesl ~rwsr (1837) one Hegt. was
One and n11alf year 111arrears, and only received two Rs. i t is said, per
man : such o system must have nnt~trally occirsiot~ed plundering t o bc
common, to provide for their wants. Fro111 this ciruse i t is. we11 ltnown
t hat he coulcl not lony keep :m arnty together. l ' l ~e chiefs ~voulcl meet
for any concerted operations; but if itny considerable delay ensued,
they dispersed !
2 1.
P,rovisions-The city qf Cabool,
To meet tlic contirigencies of increased demand on liis
tl-easury, lie, of late years, liad recourse to incre;~sir~g the
taxes paid by the nlercllant and trader ; as well as t o bor-
rowing Inorley by way of loall : these acts naturally tended
to lower liis dignity, and would, in time, have placed
z-
11im in. the hands of his chiefs and subjects : there could
be no stability in such n Govt. (56)
6th.
PI-ovisions, Police, 4c.-Provisions are said to have
been more plentiful and clieaper nnder t he rule of Dost
Mahorned, than under the Icings. This may have been
caused by tlie kings grnnting the rnost valuable larlcls to
their favorites, and thus tr moaopoly woulcl result ; but, the
llecessities of tlie state liad brol ~ght Dost &Iahomed to a
low i i na~~ci al ebh ; and it does not seem to me how i t would
have been practicable to liave supported hi111 ill iL high and
useful position in Affglinnistan, withont a great pecnniary
sacrifice, and without the aid of a snbsitliary force, on nearly
RS expensive a scale as t hat which will be the cost under a
r -
ki ng; who must feel gratitude to the British for an asylum
and pension for nearly 24 years from our Govt., by whose
lileans he has recovered his throne. (57) The country was
( $6)
It is, also, snid tli;it in many instances two or t hree years' rent
had been tnken from t h e By'yut (cul t i vi ~t or of the soil) in advnnce;
on tile plea of supporting the mar ngainst ltunjeet Si ngl ~ (Sikh ruler.)
Ifrc heard at Cnbool, t hat before lie left it, he ht ~d fore-stulled t he
Revenue for three yenre ! Tl ~ i s could scarcely hr~ve been done in so
poor a country; but that he did fore-st1111 as mucli ns he dared to evrict
i s most probable. The chiefs of Cnndrihar (his brothers) did so. It
is said t hat 40,000 people llnd during hi s rule l eft Cabool nnd its vici.
nity and emigrated to Bokhara. 1 sl ~oul d attribute t hi s fact, if true,
to the st at e of t he country in n great measure.
i" '
(57)
''he British Government could not liave relied on any half-
measure to hnve effected tl~eregeneratiori of .4ffg/ianislan. Cnndahar
must l~rlve been added t o CabooI, these being the t\vo keys to ~i i ndos t an ;
this would have involved two subsidiary forces and two British l'oliti-
cal agents at t he two citios, t o have rendered tlre nleasure complete ;
while Dost RIaho~ned would s ever liuve had t he siime inotivos for
remaining stnunah t o t he British Government.
Dost Mnhomed wished to hbve Peshmver; but, 1 believe, he would
h ~ v e foregone t hat demand. He pretondcd t hat ns t he English would.
in llic lime of Dosl Mahorned.
infested with robbers immed?ateIy tlie troops were with-
drn~vn fromi Jellalabad ; and though they were enlployed
about two months in the year to collect tlie Revenue, still
no steps seem to have been taken, to secrlre the safety of
the roads by stntioniiig troops, or by any police arrange-
ments.
Indeed even in the city of Cabool during the summer
n~ont l ~s, it is said not a nigllt passed ~vithout several l~ouses
being broken into. This (58) mas usuidly practised by the
dfghans nlllo brought their floclrs into the neiglibourhood
of Cabool ; and by otllers who repaired there to avoid the
heat of the surrounding country. (59)
not aid him, he mas compelletl to tllroa l ~i ~i l sel f on Persin. No\v the
aid Ile required mas cleirrly to aoginent his dominions. Had 110 been
sincere ill liis wisl! for iln allinnce with the Brilisll Govcrn>>zcnt, by
which liis circumstnnces \vould hnve been improvecl, he \\,auld a t once,
have given up t he den~nnd : the Nuwab Jribbar Tihnn (11is brother)
ctdvised him " lo strengl1renfiiendly relations will& t1~e ~ri t i d. 8ovevnment ;
but, when Ile decided to adhere to his policy and entertained n I'ersi1111
alliance, t he Nuwab, ssid, in co~incil, "tlte time is now gone by, it is no
use to consult me, or. uny of tlic Sirdum now," t hnt t he Ameer might
follow t he course he considered safest, t hat there was no other alter-
native than to fight !
Affgl~tinist~~n was merely Ileld in military ])ossession by Dost Mnho,
med, nnd his brothers nt Cnndahar. Dost Blnhomed, no doubt, hopod
that the Persian nlliance would secure him I'eshswer, or some ndvnn-
tiige. Under such n ruler there was no security against intriglie.
Jubbar Khan, from being nttachecl to the British Qovernment, said
he was suspected, nnd a t one t i me received from our Govt., . the
menns t o enable him to leirve t he country. Flis son Ahdool Gliins
Khan had been sent to Loodinn1111 for education, so t hat the Nuaab
himself was desirous to retain our friendship.
(68)
Declared to have been t he case in 1837..
(69)
The usunl mode of operation wns for 10 or 12 to attack n
house, when, if any opposition was shewn, they invnrii~bly committed
murder; aud then effected their* escape, which they easily did, owing
t o their nuniher. Such was the clread they inspired, t hat t he inllnbi-
tnnts of n house, on fincling tliieves had entered, feigned t o bo i~eloep,
nnd allowed thew t o carry off wliirt they pleased; I t is said, tlint 20
houses have been known to be broken into in a night ; nnd for several
nights in tho liot \renther, t he i nm~~t e s in every house kept wntcll clul*..
ing the 11ig11t !"
2 ~ 2
Cab001 i s a henltliy place, thong11 it is said that the people
(10 *lot attnir~ a great age.
Here as well ils at C~~~d i t h a l ~t h e
people are subject to fever (luring the aotumn. (60)
The
elevation of Cabool above tlie level of the sea is (at Baber's I
tomb) 6,396 feet, which is 1,330 feet below Glbu,n.rzee, and
r
2,912 feet above Candalrar. This gives Cabool a teiupera-
ture of nearly 219 degrees lower than at the level of the sea,
(61) and from 16 to 17 degrees lower temperature than at
most of the olilitnry statiorls in India. (6'2)
The range of the thernion~eter at Cabool fro111 the 6th to
the end of August, a t 4 A. nr. was from 46' to 7 4 O , and at
3 P. M. was from 72" to 96O.
I n the month of September, at 4 A. ni. 50" to 64", and
from 3 P. M. 70'' to 9U0.
From the 1st to 14th October, 1839. At 4 A. ar. 30" to
56', and from 3 P. ai. 64' t o 92".
I
I lrave niyself lrenrd i t declnred, that Dost Mnhomed h ~ d no control
I
beyond the city ; and while our arniy was encanipecl close to it, we
had ample evidence of the state of the road between our camp and t l ~e
city. If any officer dined ill the city, he had 3 or '& horsemen as a
guard to protect him on his may bnclt ; and our sentries were even
shot at on their posts ! I impute all this to the absence of all control
under the rule of the Ameer, rvhosu schemes of aggrandizement caused
him to ~ieglect the Hon~c Dept."
(60) An Armenia11 told me i t was owing to the too free use of
grspes ; the Affghnns drink a decootion of wild thyme as s cure. The
cold of Cabool in the winter causes those con~plnints which are pre-
valent in cold countries. This winter (1839-40), the tenipersture llas
been 4 and 6 degree^ below zero! The sepoys have stood the cold
well; those \vlio have died have beon the weak and sickly; warm-
clothing, ant1 fires were used in the bnrr:~cks and Iiospitnls.
(61) Allowing 300 ft. of altitude to decreuse the temperature one
f*
degree.
(6%) See Appx; Table, No. 3.
MARCH OF THE HEAD QUARTERS FROM CABOOL TO THE
RNYBER PASS.
1.
Cabool to Boot-khnk, 84 miles, (15th Oct. 1839.)-
H. E. Lt.-Genl. Sir J. Keiine, Comr.-in-Chief of the ariny
of the Indus, and Hd. Qrs., with the first Column, consist-
ing of H. M. 16th Lancers, 2 Cos. 21st N. I. and a Ressalah
of 4th Local Horse, quitted Cabool this n ~ o r n i ~ ~ g under n
salute. Thermometer 4 A. nl. 44". Marched at 6 A. M.
The road, after descending from the high ground near the
E. of C~bool , proceeds by the fiunous plain to the N. E.,
and passes tlirough soine low ground. At about 3 miles
(I) i t crosses to the left by bridges over the Loghar and
Khoord (small) Cabool rivers ; it tlience rnns through a,
swamp.. The road is raised and covered with stones, ren-
dering it difficult for horses wid camels. This compelled
us t o take the road close to the left of the raised road.
I
The latter part of the road is much better, though so narrow,
being confined between ravines and a high bank, that it is
Bad for gung. The appearance of cultivation was lost after
the sixth mile ; and the road ran to the right close to the
hills, to t he S. and was free of stones, but the whole was
barren, no vestige of grass, or any sort of vegetation ma9
to be seen. Our camp was a mile beyond the village of
r* Boobkhnk, which is a small place. The Khoord Cabool
liver E. and close to camp. Thermometer at 3 P. M. 64'.
Lieut. I;". Maelceson, Pol. Asst. accompanied our column.
The elevation here is 6,247 feet or 153 below Baber's tomb
at Cnbool.
To I<ltoo?.d Cahool, 9 miles 1 furlong, (16th Oct. 1839,)-
Thermometer 4 A. M. 36'. blarched at clay-break. The
( I ) Or 5 miles from Cnbool; our cnmp r9ns t\vu miles from the city.
294 The Klroord Cabool Pass.
2nd column, ullder Maj.-Genl. ThackweU left C:~bool to-day
(2) with the state prisoners, Mnhomcd Hyder Khan, and
Htdee Khan, ICakul; in charge of Capt. McS7derry. Shortly
after leaving camp the road lay close under t h e hills to the S.
Proln Boot-khak there is a Kafila (caravan) r oad (the Lutta-
bund Pass) which runs about S. E. from c nmp iind passes
over the nlountains to the left of the ent rance to the Pass.
(3) At 14 mile from cnmp you enter the Pa s s of " KoliL
Khoord Cabool." (4) The Pass is formed b y two chains of
high mountains between which runs the Khoor d Cabool
river, confined within a very narrow channel. The cold
mas intense; the height of the mountains k e p t the rays of
the sun from us. The Iength of the Pass is about 6 miles,
nnd the width not more than fieom 100 t o 200 yards, the
road crossing the river 23 times. The mount ai ns are of the
most barren description, of basalt, and iron-stone, broken
into precipices, and crags, and without a pnrticle of vegeta-
tion. On leaving the Pass, there is a perceptible ascent.
The entrance to the Piiss is about S. E. and itxi terininatio~l
about E. (5) Having debouched from the Pas s t he village of
KhoordCabool is about 14 mile distant, t heroad taking a turn
(2)
I t consisted of 2nd T., 2nd B. H. A, , 3rd Lt . Cavy., 4th Locnl
Horse, two Cos. 27th N. I . Detts. under Mnjors Squi r es and Warren,
consisting of the invelids of H. M.'s 13th Lt . Infy. a nd 82 men for
2ndEuropei1n Regt. nnd t he Drafts for 9th Cos. (of Na t i ve Infy. Regts.
loft a t Cnbool) under Cnpt. Prole 37th N. I.
(3)
It comes out a t tho 3rd milrcl~ from Boot-khnk, nt the ginnt's
tomb, about 30 miles distant. I t i s not fit for t he pas s age of iin army;
nor for heavily loaded camels.
(4) The little Cabool (river) Pass.
( 5) I could perceive no pliice, i n the Pass, by n+i ch a person could
ascend these mountnins. The streams a c r e frozen i n mn n y plnces, and
.as t l ~ e wnter splnshed up on our cloaks i t froze on t hem. On get t i ng
out of the Paas to a spot allure the sun's rays s hone on it, 1 s na ;I
trooper of the 1st Bombay Cnsp. who was nearly frozen.
I n a military point of vi e s t hi s pnss i s a very fornl i dnbl e obstacle to
t he march of .nn nrmy J o or from Jellalnbnd nnd Peshawer; .and t l ~ e
Knfila path in nut of the question i n militnry operat i ons : but t he pnss-
11d be easily mdi~putcd.
1.7~e Tezeen Vulley . 295
to the left, and there being n perceptible ascent. The eleva-
tion at the village is 7,466 feet, or 1,219 feet above our
last ground. Thermoineter 3 P. nr. 64O. Camp. The river
to the rear. Hills to the front. The village aboat a mile to
the rear of the left.
Many camels lost to-day.
The
Tezeen 124 miles, (17th 0ct.)-Therulometer 4
A. M. 30.
Mirrched at 6 A. af.
The road was rr moderate
ascent to the E. for about 3 uliles i ~ d good.
About half '
way crossed several slight ascents i ~~l t l descents and sowe few
strenmlets. Thence coi~i~iiences the H?fl Ilolil, (6) or so
niany ranges of hills over which the road runs. I t then
enters the bed of the Rood (7) Tezeen, running 11ei~ly
due N,, after a winding descent throng11 n~ountains vari-
ously stratified, i t opens into the valley of Tezeen. The
last descent is about $ of a mile and very steep. The first
half forms nearly a se~nicircle to the left, and the last half
is nei~rly direct to the vulley, the direction of the inarch
r-
mas E. and then N. (8) There is another road to the left
which leads illto the valley lower down, and beyond our
camp, which was opposite to the deboiiche of the Pass.
The Rood-i-Tezeen which runs down the P~LSS, discharges
itself into the Cabool river at Tarobi. (9) The village of
Tezeen was tibol~t a mile S. from ciinll>.
Further S. the valley is crossed by a range of mountains,
wootled from their base to their summit. To the W. of
N. and to the E. are other nlountai~is. The valley is not
above 1,000 yards broad, and is barren, with the exception
(6) Or seven pesses ; the descents are long, and the declivities steep,
!+-
two of the descents are considerable, and six others in soccession, so
thiit it should properly be cr~lled the "Husht-kotil," or eight passes.
The last is 11 very stony Pnss (like the Dolun) with water-courses.
(7) Rod or Rood river (of the Tezeen or narrow valley).
(8) A n enemy might dreadfully annoy a column moving down this
last descent, ne tlrey would have a flanking fire on it.
(0) 'I'lre Gombund, tho Uabeen, nncl RoodL'l'eeeen, all join md
fn11 into the Cabool river, 11cr1r the same place ; rind the bed of tl~ese
throe rivers form so many Pitsses to the high ridge, between Cnbool
and Jellnl~bncl.
296 The Tezeen Valley.
I
of few patches of cultivation. (10) Thcn~~omet er 3 P, nr.
660. The elevation of the Tezeen Pass is 8,173 feet, 707
fcet above the last ground ; t hat of the Tezeen valley 6,488,
or 1,685 feet below the Pass ; and a s the chief descent is in
the last 5 miles, i t would give a fill1 of one foot in sixteen;
r
the greatest we had yet met with. (1 1)
2. The Giant's (or Fuqueer's) Tomb at Avarent on ,?he
Tcseen, 8& miles, (18th Oct. I839.)-Tl1errometer 4 A. 31.
50". Marched at day-break. The road descended the bed
of the Rood-i-Tezeen due N. generally, or ascended some
spors of the n~or~nt ai ns which ran into it. The vnlley was
about 1,000 to 1,200 yards wide, crossing the same st ren~ns
frequently as on the last march. Th e whole of the way was
covered with round, loose, stones, and more difficult than
the Bolan Pass, over a continual ascent and descent of loose
stones, splitting the bullocltsJ feet, and rendering t h e u ill-
capable of moving. The valley widened a good deal during
the march ; but, still, i t was a valley of stones, and worse
F-
than the CC Bolan Pass," equally sterile, with bad, instead of
good water : (12) the latter part of t he road worse than the
first. The only forage were a fern stunted bushes, and
coarse grass for t he camels. (13) About half-way there is a
small tower, on the hills to t he left. The Tezee~l enlpties
itself into the Cabool river, about 15 miles to the N. of
Tarobi. The Kafila road (Lut t ~rbund Pass) passes down
from the hills to the left, by a steep descent about a mile
beyond the Giant's tomb. h desce~lt in to-day's nlarcll.
Thermometer at 3 P. M. 7 5 O .
(10) The Hdly, and some few stunted shrubs were observed among
r
the rocks.
. (11) Many hackeries came up 1:rte at uight ; some did not come t o
camp for two days, nnd were plundered.
(12) There is a spring of water on the other side of the hill on the
right, dist:~nt about 3 miles. The wnter of the Rood-i-'rezeen, a t our
camp, rim over, it is tiaid, a vein of iron.
(13)
We lost a grent many can~els, and many were said to linvo
died from eatingsome poisonoue bushes. Grain was procurable, in emdl
quantities, from the villi~ges in the valley beyond cirnll) (Seroobee, &c
4 or 5 milee off).
To Rood-i-Iiulla-S~l?tg, 4% milcs, (19th 0ct.)-Tl~crmo-
nietor at. 4 A. 31. 480. M;~rcllcd ;it day-bre;&. The road
stl.i~ight in a continutttion of the v;lllcy of Tezeen. MTe
took thc road to the right, ncnrly duc E.
For half mile
passed ovcr a stony lcvel road.
Then commenced the f rst
ascent. There are fonr ascents and clescents. At the end
of the second descel~t, :1nd between i t illid t he third itscent,
is a stony valley, m d il sliiall streain, ci~lled the a Bn,.eek-
ah." (14) There is an old fortific~tion on n hill by the side
of the stream. The third ascent is the steepest.
Tho lilst
is the loligcst ;und grentest descent. Thc whole road stony,
and nrust be very diflicult g o i ng to Cabool.
The vnllcp i n
which tlic camp was, is called '' Rood-i-Kutln-Suny." No
villi~ge, tior cultivatioli seen. " Biureek-Ab," (15) is 5,313
feet, or 1,175 feet below the r dl ey of Tezeen. Theriuo-
mcter 3 P. nr. 72O.
To JugduZZuk, 7;t miles, (20th 0ct.)-Tllcrmtr. 5 A. nr. 54".
s-
Marched a t day-break. The road lay first 3 miles E. over
sollle steep spurs, or hilloclts, runlling down to llic ILitta-
Sung. Then the valley widens, and you lmss a, Choltcc 0 1 1
the left. At 4 tides entcr the gorge of the ." Puree-I>wec"
(16) Pilss, taking a direction t o the S. Tlic 1' ; ~s ~ is t l ~ c
bed of the Jugdullak river. I t is about 34 l d c s i l l cst cnt .
I t is very narrow nud stony, with an nscent. The Pnss winds
times alulost ilt right-angies. The nvcrage width
is about 40 or 50 yards ; but there nrr three placcs where i t
is less than 10 feet, indeed our onl y6 fcct, so that i f m y ani-
1il;ll fell, thc road mould be stopped till it slioulil be reniovccl
Tlle allnost perpentliculnr cliKs, 011 both sides, appear as if
,-
(14) (L Fino" or (' smnll-~tream."
(It)
Tl ~ e c o u~ ~ t r y i~rouncl belongs to Aughur 1Cl1nr1, the chiel: I t i s
n succession of barren hills, doop rirvincs, i ~nd s n d l rivulets r~i nni ng
to the Cnbool river, tl~rongh valloys of stoncs rirrely esliil~iting 11 few
prtchcs of cultivation. From the l d l s al ~i cl i I ~ u n d the I t u t t i ~ S u ~ ~ g ,
the snowy rilnge is visiblc in the S. 15. irnd tho " Strfcd-koh" is irlso
sco11 rising in ~i~irjcstic grnndeur :hove the rcst, The sccnpry ie very
g1.und.
( 16)
Litcridly, the (( Fui~!] I+dlrj" h s s .
2 a
39s pvrcc-Duvee Pass.
tllro;,tclliIlg till. dest ruct i ol l of t h c traveller.
A s l nd part y
of arlllotl lllcll ~volll(l s t o p t h e passilgc of al l y f o ~ c whi ch
I
had clltcrccl it.
Th e r oad pnsses s o much over wa t e r t hat ,
i n cert;rill seasoils, it xvoultl mu c h i nl pede t h e i nar ch of
troops. Thi s tlificult Pass is, i n some respect s, n o t unl i kc
I
r
t hc defilc of t he 6' ~ ~ u l l e p of J~ell'' bet ween ATeustndt and
1f7riboury. (17) To t he W. of t h e Pass, a r oad crosses t he
liioiintnins, which con~pl et el y t u r n s t he Pass. (18) Lt.-Col.
b
lllbde m o ~ c d by t hc road over t h e hills, bnt h i s guns wcnt
t hr o~i gh t l ~ c Pnss. F r o m t h e ent rance t o t h e I<hoortl
Cab001 Pim t o Jugdnlluli, a di st ance 42 miles, t her e i s a
succession of Pnsscs nlid defiles, mor e difficult t ha n m y
rontl we 1i:td yet seen.
Th e y beggilr descri pt i on. (19)
Th e J ~i gdul l uk coal i t ry belo11g.s t o t he J e c bha r Kl wl tribe,
of which Uzxecir. Khiun, t h e chief, ws~s, a t t hi s t i me, adverse
t o t he S/lul~' s Govt . The r e i s a glrrden here, t o t h e W. i n
n q r o w of mnl bewy t rees.
Th e r e ar e t he r e ma i ns of four
hs t i ol i s on t hc rniscd ~noul i d i t occupies.
We f ound some
7
of t he 3rd CilVy. hcre whos e Iiorses had be e n l eft on t hc
rctul.11 of tlie Rcgt . will1 t h e convoy t o Cabool ; ha vi ng been
l i 110~I i ~d 1113. I t W ~ Y i ~ t Jngt l nl l nl r t hat S ~ T A. Bu~nes ,
l~eceivcd his Inst Icttcr f r om Dost MuJmnzed. Th e r mo n l ~, t e r
3 1.. ar. 72" J i ~gdul l uk i s 5,375, feet, o r62 f cet above
( 17)
"To travcrsc the black-monntnins, from Ncuslrrdt to Fribourg,
you hiwe for two honr ~ to tr;rvel d o n g a nirrrorv vdl ey between per-
pendic111;lr roclts. This valley, or rather this crevice, ( at t he end of
which there is :I torrent) is olily II few paces wide, and is named the
r d e y of hell. By this terrible defile, the greiiter part of t he French
army traversed the black-mount;rins wit11 an enemy i n its front, its
r--
rear, and on its flanks." (Campaign 1796, between t he Arehdulte
Charles and Genl. 310reau.)
nloreau's life by Philippart, 1). 89 1201~.
( I S)
The road is pnrnllel to the Pnss and leads over t he hills t o the
left as you come from Jelli~labad, and ends in tho vnlley by which you
enter tlie pnss from Cabool (near t he above nnmetl Cholcee) ; and is
said to be n better road; but not for guns. It is nbout 4 miles long.
'I'lle command of the Pnss would secure this roid from the hills by
which the Pam i s formed.
(19) 'lh country is more barren than any we had yet seen, and
our camels got less to eat. The feet of brlllocks were knoclcetl to pieces.
I
Bareel<-itb. We buried this nfternoon Cnpt. W. .ZIacke%
Ii. M.'s Ift h foot, wlio died last night.
3. TO Soorkh-nb (20) 13 miles, (21st Oct. 1839.)-Thcr-
nlonleter 4 A. &I . 40", when me ~narchecl.
The road z.
for the first 1 ndc mas an nsccnt up tlie rivcr. l ' hen came
very steep ascent for about 300 y:trds, very t ryi ng for l oi ded
animds. This call bc avoitled by pi~ssing over a s1na11
1 4 1 (P~\ss) to the right, on tlescendi~lg nrhich therc i s
ruincd fort, but it is x circuitous routc ; some baggi ~ge
w e ~ ~ t that map.
On :rttai~iing thc top of tlie stecp ascent you are on t he
crest of the ridge of the Icotil-i-Jugdull& where t he river
has its rise : t l i e~~ce there is a rather precipitons descellt for
;d)out 3 miles. (21) For 7 illilcs the road crossed il succes-
sion of steep ravines, covered, with loose pebbles, ~ L L I C ~ of a
most drci11.y aspect. To tlie S., the ~nount ai ns of t he CC S.lrf~d-
koh" covered with deep snow, bou~iclecl the view. At about
2-
1 mile from the valley of Hissuru]~, there is a very st cep c h i -
cent over ledges of rocks, (22) into the bed of t he Soorkh-
dl river, which is crossed by a bridge of one irrch, through
wliich the river rushes i~ perfect torrent. Though onl y 1 &
foot deep it mas diflicull to cross the stream below to t he left
of the bridge. To the right near the ledge of roclrs, are tlie
rui~is of an old fort. To the N. E. of camp is a small t owcr
on the hills. To the S. W. is the bridge. The river hcre
runs from 7V. to E. The direction of our rout e to-day wits
E., and last hdf a little N. The valley still stony, a nd t hc
width from 4 to 2 of i l mile. Tlie virlley particnlirrly t o t he
S. W. iwd village of I-Iiss;wah, has many orchards, vineyards
L- a d cornlielcls on the banks of the river, aflording a p l c n s i ~~g
(20)
Water of a reddish col o~~.
(21) A stream comes from this side of tlie Pass, and running p:~rnllcl
to the rord fur ribout 2 miles, crosses it, and pnsses to the N. t o t l ~ e
Cnbool river.
(22)
At this place the 11:1clteries were obliged t o stay ti l l 1;tto ;tt;
night, and the people were fired on :dl night ; t he Gl ~i !ji es Iwing OI I
the ~v:ltcl~, c m e down zlnd plundered tllem.
'I'l~e b:tgg:tgo dicl 11ot ge t
into c:~nip till the middle of the 11ig11t.
2 ~ 2
colltrast to llie country mc Iiad hitherto pirssed t l i l w~gl ~.
'rllc ciriiip wi ~s supplictl with corn, blaoosn, i d abund.~iicc
of thc tiliest grapcs, poineg~*:uiates, aind vegetal)les. At
;~l)oiit Iialf-way from the l ast gronnd Lielit. Is: Maclceson,
recovered two of the p i n s l eft by Mahoined Altbar Khan, on
his retreat from J l i l l i ~l d~ad to Cnbool. Thennometer 3 P. ar.
80". The elevatioii ;rt Soorkli-ab i s 4,373 or 1,002 fcct lcsv
than at our lrrst ground.
I t was here that Shah Sl~oojn, "l i n~i ng niarclietl h.0111
Peshamer (23) t o attack Cabool, met tlie army of ~ldi~lunood
(who deposed Shall Zenian) coi~sisting of 3,000 inen, at
Es hpun, ill ;L narrow phi11 sorroundcd with hills a ~ i d
liavi~ig the brook of Soork1~-c~b in tlicir frolit. Slialn
Sl i ooj ~l i had at least 10,000 nien, was at first victorious ; but
his troops took t o pliindcring, and got into confusioii.
The Bareeluyes onder Puttell I<llnli (24) defe;~tccl Ili11-1,
: ud SI1di Slloojirh escapcd with difficulty t o tlie Khyber
hills, wlierc lie rciiiniiicd till a fresh opportunity oIferetl of
assert i ~i g his claim to the throne." (25)
.'=f 4. To Sifeid-Stmy, 92 ~iiiles, (2211tl Oct. 1839.)-Tller-
iiion~eter 4 A. M. 56'. M; ~rched a t c1;ry-break. The road
ran t o the E. through the valley, 800, or 1,000 yards wide,
i111tl for about two ~iiiles was :rs stony end difficull wilh
~ s c e ~ i t s and descents ;IS illiy we I i i d passed over ; f i ~ d
crossed by several rivulets winding their may to tlie C;rbool
river. Thc valley iiow widened. At about 4 ~ni l es a tolerable
road, crossing ravines and rivulets runi l i ~i g from S. to N.; the11
a steep ascent, a mile beyond which is Gundunauk, on t he
left of the road. The elevation is 4,616 ft. or 243 ft. above
our last ground. Tlieiice t he road is good till within 3 miles of
Snfed-Sung, when i t has most rugged tlescents crossing tlie
Gonclumuk river will1 a stony bed. There is a bridge wit11 n
broken arch a t Sufed-Snug. The rond t o our camp crosscd
tlie streim to the left of t he bridge, with a steep ascent up
to it. Camp S. W. & mile from the bridge, ml ~i c l ~ escept
(93) On 10th Sept. 1HOl.
1-10 was then 20 yeirrs old.
(24) The Vizier and Dost Mal~oined'e firther.
( 28) Which he did in 1803. I
ihc : ~rch, is repairable.
Th e walled villilge of Gundunzuk
is prettily situtltetl. IL is surrounded with wllcnt-fields,
cypresses and i L consitlerilble forest group, throng11 which
the river issues, and with t he distilnt snow-c:q,pcd Xujecl-lcols,
formed ;r beautiful scene, H I I ~ R ~onI. r:~st to the blei~lc hill
on wllich o m canlp \viis pitched. Thermometer 3 11. M. 7s0.
2 3 d Octobcr.-TI~ermoi~~(~~er 5 A. nr. 540. Il al t . No
;rccoont of t he baggage-w:~gons. The rear column lost o m
jen~adar, one havildi~r i ~ n d t hrec scpoys, by the fire of t hc
thievcs a t the Ins1 ground. T h ~ y linlted, to-clay, nt Gun-
tlumnlr, the usu:il stag?. Thermometer 3 I>. nr. 750,
7'0 lii~l'e?~abacZ, 12 miles, (24t h Oct. 1839.)-Tliermomet~r
5 a. N. 52") nrhcn wc mi~rcl~ecl. The ~ ~ t d to-day lily to t he
N. of E., 311d 1~:rvinf: tlic valley of Neemla on thc right, as-
cending thc hci gl ~t s ttlong whic:h it rvoul~tl. 111 the ~i r l l ey of
Nccmla, 24 nlilcs from thc last ground is n celcbrntetl gttrrlen.
I t is n square arid contains some lni~gnilice~lt p l i ~ ~ ~ e rind
P
cypress trees. There are four raised planes of masonry for
pitching tents upon, surroiiiidcd by t he largest cypresses,
J
plan t ea at equal distances. Shall Shoojnl~ occupied this
garden, in 1809, and his arliiy was encamped io t he valley
wliere he ~ v a s defeated about t he e ~ ~ d of June 1809, sllortly
after Mr . Ell,?~instonc's mi ssi o~l hiid left Peshan'cr. (26)
The ki ng fled to the n~ountiliils, losing his killgdoll~ t l ~ e
scconch all(] lirst time, his jewels, and treasllre. The r i v( ~~*
Neelnla r um throogll t hc valley of t hat rlalne, irrld leaves
it crossi i ~g t he road, and runs iuto t he Cabool river, a t i t s
N. extremity.
The road hence has s precipitous descent (the valley
along i t to t he right) ovcr loosc r o u d stones, and crossing
the Neeinla, t ur ns to t l ~ c S. E. (left) and nsceiids a11
opposite hill, t he steep of which is clifficrllt for loudcll
c:iniels, and wheeled cnrriages. Thc next 6 miles t he roads
;we ascents and descents; there are tlircc p:rsses or delilcs,
cl~ossir~g so 111nr1y strc:ims, over loose stoncs of :ill sixes,
wltil it enters the valley of l<ood-fioacl, (27) covpred with
g ms . Camp at Fu1eh;tbad the clevntion of which is 3,098
f p ~t , 01' 1,518 feet belozo our last ground. A h e view of t hc
tc Sufed-kohyY LO t he S. W.
Tl~ermoineter 3 P. ar. YO'.
5. To Sooltnnpoor, 7;f miles, (25th Oct. 1839.)-Thcr-
mometer 4 A. ar. 54". Marched at day-break. The road
just after Icavil~g cainp passed over a water-course, then
over a low flat, sometimes of loose stones and again crossing
a slight sandy soil. To t he S. is seen the c 6 Sufecl-koh."
To the N. flows a rivlilet (Soorkh) runl;ling t o the Cabool
river. Along the bnnhs of this stream mere villages, m d
piltchcs of sugar-cane. The l ast 2 of t~ mile is a deep,
heavy sand.
Thc camp near t he village of Sooltmpoor.
The elevi~tion, here, is 2,286 feet, or 812 fect lower thim
our last ground. Sooltnnpoor, from the ruins near it, ap-
pears to have been a large place. Thc cultivation e x t e ~ ~ d s
to t he banks of t he river, aboat 3 miles N. Lieut. I?
nfackcson went into Jcl1al;tbnd to-(lay. Thermtr. 3 P. sr.
90". As we were now ilpproacliii~g the Si kh frontier t he
following G. 0. w s issued. (Atlvertix~g to t he steady dis-
cipline which, (Inring the present can~pnign, hat1 secured
the approbation of Govt.) Cc'Wllile passing tllrough the
c( Punjub" and protected Siljli states, all are required t o
abstain from killing pen-fowl, the Neclyhy, or the domestic
pigeons, or from ofi udi ng, in any way, the prcj l ~di ces of
the Silcl~s ; ilud the D. C. G. will prohibit, in tlle strictest
manner, the slaughtering of cattle." (28)
" Major-Genl. l'l~nckwell, (20) and Urigr. Persse (30)
will use every means i n their power, in r es t r r t i ~i i ~g camp-
followers from injuring, or trespassing 011 the cllltivutioll ;
and parties under the Provost Marsll;~l and his assistallts
(27) Beyond tho valley the stream is cilllud "K(wsue, " and comes
from the Viswec District, in the Kl wj e e n~e e territory.
(88) Ilunjecl wished us not to lcill bullocks in iiflghi~nistiin.
(29) Conrg. the %id, or Rear Colornn.
(30) Comg. 13t column.
must be early on thc new ground, daily, t o phc c s ; \ f e g ~ i ~ r d ~
i n the villages, and over thc corn-ficlds."
Cc Thc Pro\losts arc enjoined to deal strictly with those
they may find tresspussing, or colulnitting ; ~n y act of
oplwession."
ccOfficers Comg. lnust rcmirld their Inen t hat the ar my is
11assi1ng- through the territory of ;in idly, iind thilt as t he sol-
diers of that prince, from 1101; possessiug t he same degrcc of
discipline of which the Brilz'oh irrmy can boast, lllily be luorc
ready to enter i nt o qu;~rrels, alld to 1n:~lie use of offensive
exlwessions ; i t will be t he dut y of dl , to keep a guard on
their temper, :uld to be cal.eful liol to allow themselves t o
be forccd into collision, with those wlioni t he Govcrnnlent
requires that t h y sliall look upon ;M friends." (31)
To Jellalabud, ninc milcs, (26t h 0ct.)-Thermtr. 4 A. af.
5.1". The road t he first piirt sandy, the next part stony,
a ~ l the last pwt sandy. Tliere is a suntly phi n E., 117. and
S. of Jellalabad. Thi s was once a flourishing town. The
elevation, here, is 1,964, or 322 feet below our last ground.
Tliermtr. 3 1.. M. 92".
We here, found some troops which had been left by Lt.-
Col. Wade and Licut. ;CE 11!. I-lillevsdon (32) the Assist.
Pol. Agent.
I t was at this pl:~ce where Dost Mahomed ltepl hi s Cavy.
and the greatest portion of his Juzznilchees. The tow11 we
(31)
<' From tho date of the arrival of the troops within the Sikh
territory, H main picrluet, consisting oFCavy, nud Infy, according to t ho
strength of each nml, with the diffcrcnt colurrl~ls, lnust niount d d y on
reaching the new gronntl, :lnd be i n readiness to move in any dil-ection,
to quell di st ~~rbrnces, or t o preserve order."
<' No soldier t o be nllowed to quit ci~nlp nfter 1111ssing tlm Silt11 fron-
tier, except on dnt y; and all camp-fdluwors ;ire to be prol~ibitcd enter-
ing the towns i ~nd vilhges in Ll~e ncigl~l)ourl~ood of the cmnp ; p a r d s
mnst, i nvi ~r i i hl ~~, be 1tlanteed a t the gate-ways of towns and villngcs, t o
ensure t l ~i s t~rtler being co~nplietl with."
" \5"l1cn i t mily provc i~~disponsirl)ly nccosxrry, in pitching tho cnrnp,
to cneroi~cl~ 011 thc c~~l t i v: ~l i on, thc 11. Q. M. G, will t,nlte cnro t11rtt tlis
prul)rietors of tho licltls arc rei~nburscd to the fullest extcnt for 1 1 1 ~
propwty wl~ich miry l)c injnrcd."
(32) 63rd hwgi11 N. I.
f ( ) ~n t l to bc n sillall di r t y placc, with inud-walls, round
towcrs, ntitl tiarrow st reet s. It st:rtids on t he rig111 batik of
Llle Citbool rivcr. Th e i ~ ~ l l : ~ b i Li ~ i l t ~ ar e sai d t o bc bout
2,000.
It i s bouiidcd by st eri l e mountaitis.
$?Ttli and 28t h Oct ober , halted.--(Thermtr. t l i c sni nc as
on t he 26th.) Wl i i l c we were here t he I f i y b e ~ PUSS
nttacked. (33)
6.-To Ali Boyhnn, (i$ miles, (29t h Oct . I839.)-Tl1erlnti~.
4. a, u. 56". Marched a t diry-brenlr. Th e road r an due E.,
first p:wt si ~ndy, over n level plain, tlic great er par t of whi ch
nJiis under cultivation, for riearly 3 inileu. The nc e crossed
over n bed of stoiies ; t he r est of t he roncl good, except i ng t wo
not difficult rnviiies, illid t wo or t hrce wi~ter-eoursee, t hen
;r tliicli j ungl e of reeds t hrough which tliere was a pntli,
.cvhich t enni i i at ed ill ravi nes and sandy hills, about t he si xt h
mile. At 42 mi nut es past 3 r. 31. sliock of i~ eart hqual t e.
Theri nt . 3 P. M. 92". T h c el evat i oi ~, hcre, is 1,911 ft. or
53 ft. below t hc last ground.
(33)
On the 25th October, 1839, Capt. Ferris's post wns attacked
nnd the Kl~yberees carried off 1.0 horses.
The post was just under
tllo fort, in which there wns ;I party.
On the %th, they ni:de a slight
attiiclc, and left form nlen dead on the ground.
On the 28tl1, they
~liade a gmnd attack on tlie Sikh post (the party composed of 31id1onic-
(Inns), nt some Sungnhs nc:w the tower of JugAir, about one and ir l d f
mile from Ali Mnsjid and Capt. F.'s post. l' he IChyberoes sttrtionetl n
11nrty on tho hill betwee11 the post and Ali 3lusjid to prevent i111y
trool~s being sent to their nid ; t h y thus co~~~rnnnded the road.
The Khyberees appear to have beeii, principally, s\vordsii~e~i ; but few
arlned with mntchloclts.
They n~nde seven i~ttaclts on the Sikhs, and
were rcpulaed sis times by musketry. At hst , they attacked sword in
liiind. I t is said that, on the Silcl~s leaving the St~ngnli to attack tl~cni,
tho Khyberees attacked tlre weak point where the sick were ; and tllen
cut up those tlmt remained. l' herc were said to be 60 of the Silt11 1311.
killed in tlre Suoga11 arid 150 brlow it ; arid inany were cut 111) OII the
rond ; and that out of ahout 800, ody 250 reaclicd I'eshnwer. 'I'IIc
Uett. is said to hare becii in n siclcly state. H; d they kept to the
S~tnplr, tliog lniglit 1i:~vc 11e:tttln off the ICl~yberecs, wliosc irttnclc was
mid to have origin~~ted in ir dcsire to go1 plunder; Ll~c Sikhs l~nving
their money (their pny recently recoivcd) ill tlic stockiidc : I)ut, it is
I)igllly probably that the red cnuso was, the settled nrrlipctllc~ of tho
lil~)+erccs to the Siltl~s.
Char DeA-Htrzarnow. 305
To Char DeA, 14 miles, (30th 0ct.)-Thenntl*. 4 A. M.
5G0, ~vlien we. marched. The road lay nlinost due E. and for
the first 3 miles mas good and level, but on ascending a srnall
hill, nre entered a wide, barren valley or stony desert, called
b-
the CC SoorkA-Denkor," (surrounde(1 with low bills,) where in
the xuontlls of April and May, the deadly sirnoom prevails.
This trnclr ~vns marched over for 9 niiles, and. there seeilicd
t o be desolation all around. About 14 mile from camp was
the slllall clilapidated village of Ua ~ e e k - a b ; water-courses
near it. The road then was sandy and brought us to the
banks of the Rood-Bzltlur-kot and cultivntioii ; and crossing
this stremi, we reach t he village of that name, aild ia t he
valley was our camp. Thc Cal)ool rivcr running to the N.,
the desert t o tlie W., the CC SzrfccE-k07?' t o tlie S., nncl to
the E. the l i hyber rangc. The elevation a t Ba~eek-ub -is
1822 ft. or 89 below our last ground. Thei ~n~t r. 3 P. nr. 88".
To JIuzurnou~, 11 % miles, (31st 0ct.)-Thernitr. 4 A. M.
irt
54". T1iere.were two roads lending out of canip. (34)
The first part sandy. At about 3 miles crossed the dry
bed of a nulli~li, nncl crossed between this ancl Iluzariiowv,
two dry st o~l y beds of hill strernns. l' he niiddle part of t he
march, tlie road stoiiy for 2 or 3 miles. The road geiiersrlly
pretty good, but sit~idy and stony, and crossing sevcritl
small water-courses. Direction the last half E. The rontl
passing over tlle Duslst (plain) led to Huzarnow, a cluster
of villages, some of ~vhicli have mud-\vnllu and towers; and
a good deal of cultivation aro~ul d the villages. (35)
'l'lie village of Bas002 is at an elevittioll of 1,509 feet or
313 feet below Uareek-ab.
C
(34)
The nearest had a direction nearly E., but was fount1 to bo in-
tersected by numerous clitclies full of water. The other took ;i S. E.
clirectioii, round some low llills until it entered tlic CC Duslil" (plitin)
about 3 miles off, over n good, even, cou~itry, when i t turned to due
E. : the two roads meet ;it Unsool, r village to the left nbout Ii~ilf-~\~ity.
(35)
On tlic mountniii to the N. there is n blnclc strr~tu~n (of slirtc)
regnrili~rg r~liich t he natives h:tvu n tradition of the annul11 cxil; of u
sa;tlcc for food, and his return to tho ~uountain.
2 a
306 The Ichoord ILhyber Pass.
TO t.1,~ N. of Huzarnom, distant 2 or 3 miles is t he village
of Chul~ltouree. Thermometer 3 P. 31. 88. Good grass,
and gmzing for the cattle. Bboosa procured.
To Dakka, 9 miles, (1st Nov.)-Thern~onleter 4 A. M, 56".
Marched a t day-break.
The road skirted the hills for some
distance avoidil~g a swamp, when i t turned t o the E. along
a level, gentle rise, over a good country for about 4 n~i l es ;
then crossed several very small rivulets, and solne arable
lands, and a t 6 miles ascended t he Pass, or narrow defile,
of Kam or Khoord ILhyber, or little ILhyber. (36) 011
quitting the defile, the road lies through t he valley, and
at two miles you come t o Dakka, where are two
walled villages, to the left of the road and distant abont
a mile; t he Cab001 (37) river runs by them from TV.
to E. (38) The ground at Dakka is covered with an
efflorescence of Soda for soll.le distance from t he river,
and the ground is in consequence very damp ; the surro~uld-
i ng laiid is covered tvith stones and hard sand. We foulid
supplies here and a party of troops recently raised by Mr.
1Mackeson. The elevation, at Lalpoorn is 1,404 feet, or
105 feet lower than Basool. I t was N. W. and Daltlta, E.
(36)
The clefiIe is very narrow, in some places not ndmitting of t wo
llorsemen going abreast. I t is irbout t hree qrrnrters of ;r mile long.
It
i s nrore like n deep narrow ravine, wit11 high b:~nlrs i n some parts. \Ire
found t he road t l ~rough i t good, B I I ~ t he descent i n i t not difficult.
But if the heights were occupied by troops, it would stop t he advance
of uny force, till the enemy were dislodged.
(37)
Here celled t he Lund(1, or Lundce.
(38) At t he bnclr of the mo u ~ ~ t ~ i n s through whicl~ the road runs,
P
are numerous small forts, and the ~v l ~o l e of the country is s succession
of hills.
At Lol poo~~l t N. \V. on t he other side of t he river, distant one a n d
11nlf mile, is the fort of Snndut l<llan, t he most powerful of all t he pet t y
chiefs in t he country; b ~ ~ t he has no : ~i ~t l ~or i t y over t he country
I
hetaeen Pesllawer nnd Ditkl~a, called the Ab-lrhann. He receives
Budrikn (money for passports or l' ur~vanal~s) frolo all trirvell~rs, wllicl~
is divided among the Ooloos, or clan. Duhka has about 200 families,
and t he pbncc crlr furtllsh supplies for n considcrnlrle body.
I
Dakka, near Iihy6e.r Pass. 307
of our camp. Thermtr. 3 P. M. 87. The I<hyberees on the
side of the Pass to~v;i~.ds Peshawer, were hostile to the Shah,
and it was only on the 28th October, that they hird ceased
from their attacks on the Sikh Dett. ; hence t he cC Post" hat1
beer1 delayed for some days : and wc were to move through
the Pass with caution.
CHAPTER XIV.
THE MARCH OF THE HEAD QUBRTERS AND TROOPS TBROUGH
THE I<klYUER PASS TO PESHAWER.
I. To Lztndee-ICItann, 9 niiles, (2nd Nov. 1839.)-Tlier-
inomete~. 4 A. 31, 48". Rilarched at day-break. The entrance
to the Pass was n mile distant from camp. The road
was to the S. of E., over beds of loose stones, and up a
gradual ascent. The rno~l~ltaills on tlle N. aud S. gradually
contracting the Pass, wliich tnnled at scveral points, bcii~g
the bed of a mountain torrent. At about half-way in the
Pass, the road was good, and less stony. The width of the
Pass varies fi*om 100 to 200 yards i n the centre. I n tlie
last half there is n sensible rise. The Pass narrows the
latter part. The hills are generally precipitous, covered
with stunted bushes. Ollr direction the last part of the
march was E. The hills are not very high ; on the highest
to the S. near camp, there is an old fort. ( I ) The village
of Lundee-I<hans is S. E. of caml>, close under tlie hills on
rising ground, distant about a mile, near 117liich there is some
cultivation ; our camp was on high Brolren ground to tlie N.
The Pass near camp about & mile wide. Water close to
camp. (2) The elevation, hcre, is 2,448 feet, or 1,084 feet
above La1pool.a. Therrriometer 3 P. a!. 78". As the Pilss
is no ~vliere above 200 yards wide, it is clear that it call be
com~nnndcd by the native rifle fro111 either side. (3)
( 1) Called by some Alesander's fort.
(2) On our arrival we found the snppers, who l ~nd been ordered on
in advance, and had been halted here.
(3) The 'native niountain rifle fire11 wit11 a rest will Itill at 800
yards. Prom the entrance to Lundee-Iihana, is about 74 miles, :lnd in
the centre, in tho widest part, there is on the left rising ground at
3 10 Tile 1March t hough
T,, A/; MtlsjirE, 132 miles, (3rd Nov.)-Thermometer 69".
JInrclled before day-breali.
There are two roads frol n
Lundee-l(hnna, which, after the ascent of the Pass, u ~ ~ i t e at
t he bottom of the descent. The lower is in the bed of tile
river, and is the most precipitous. The cotnmencement
Zc
of t l ~e stecpest ascent was close to camp, and very abrupt
for about 150 yards, (4) after which the rise is moderate,
excepting two rather steep parts of no great extent. The road
is about 12 fect wide, and to the right there is a precipice
to\vards the valley. After an ascent of about 2 miles you
reach the top of the Pass, at an elevation of 3,373 feet; or
885 feet above Lundee-Ichana, or, n rise of ' about one in
jrrteen feet the greatest we liad yet met with. The direction
fro111 the ascent mas about E., and the road described a por-
tion of a circle to the S. E., where there is n Police
Choltee stationed. (5)
The descent from the hill is f or
about three miles, atid the road and country inore open. At
the bottom of the descent yon enter the valley of Lalbeg,
r"
or, Lalbeg-gurl~ce. (6)
After entering the valley there i s an old fort on the hills to
I -
the right, which if in repair would alilloy ally troops moving
towards Lundee-Ichana. (7) The valley of Lalbeg-gurhee
HI#-clrab on which Sungalis, or stockndes, colrld be erected; so t h a t
parties, by crowning the hills, on both sides, would inflict grout
11nvock among troops advancing, for there is no cover.
(4) Difficult to walk up.
( 5)
When we. renched the top we could see the camp wo h ~ d left.
The road is formed very much like thoso at SimIn.
Tllo top of t h e
hill, (as observed by RIajor Leech) is nn ndmirable position for a fort,
which could enfilade with the most dostructivc effect, both the road
from Dnlrka, nnd that from Lalbeg (coming from Ali Musjid). From
ia'
the top of the hill, a fire could be thrown on the winding road coming
up to it; while i t commnnrls, more directly, the road going down from
it.
(6) Tho rand up the ascent was good, and thnt of t he descent ha d
been repaired lately by Mr. AWaclcesonJ and was good ; there are some
ascents, also, in this rond. The rock of
Aov-nus" is supposed to be
the aommit of the Puss at Lunrlee-Khana.
(7) There is 8 plain of the Shanmasees running,to t he N. of t hi s
plnin, i n ~ b l c h is the village of Lundgai, distant about 2 miles, whence
the Khy her Pass.
31 1
is about 6 iniles long and 1;5 broad and is cultivated. (8)
There are small villages on each side of the road, and YOU
cross t ~vo dry stony beds in tlie valley. At the elid of t he
valley towards Ali Musjid there are towers (9) on either
side of the road. On the left on the top of an isolated
liill i s Tope (or Barrow) sonlewhat resci~lblirig that at
M~~ni ki ol a, but is disfigured by a towel., said to have been
built by Aurungzebe, on the top of it. Just before you
leave the valley and to the IV., i s Lohwargee, rvliich i t is
said would answer for a cat i t on~l ~el ~t ; heilce 14 mile to Ali
Musjid.
The valley was sooil lost, and the bed of the stream
was co~ifi~ied by rugged hills, until the roild narrowed to
about 70 fcet, and <lid not widen much near Ali Musjid.
We pwsed several springs, one of large volunle issuing
from the roclts, which formed a considerable strea~n, down
which lay the road t o Ali Musjid. The Pass, liere, very
much contracts, and in one place i s not above 40 or 50 feet
wide, (10) crossing allnost entirely the rocky stream, till
you arrive at Ali Musjid, which is situated on a hill to t he
right. We encamped about a mile to the E. of it. Ther-
lllon~eter 3 P. M. 8J0. (11)
a cross rond leads t o t he Tu t u r ~ Pass, b ~ r t i t is not a gun rond. Thi s is
t he left road; t he ri ght goes t o Dt ~kkn.
Luadgcri is N. \V, from
Iktnro, nnd 9 miles in n direct line.
l'lie Kudupa is another I'nss and is a gun road-and goes by Moosn
Jod to Gosl ~t a; t he left, which is not i l gun road, goes to Lnlpoor, n
dist~rnce of 7 Itos; t hi s rond is not so difficult as t he Tat arn one.
Tlre 3rd or Ab-khann Pass (wi ~t er r out e) i sa ICnfila road, but difficl~lt
for the l ~ s t two stnges, obligirig l i or ~emen to dismount sometimes.
nut , these l'nsses ar e connected with the Innill Pass, 11nd could be
secrrred very easily by Sunguhs, kc.
(8) 'I'here nre few springs in t hi s vallejr, and two tanks to collect
wnter in, one wns dry, arid the otller di d not cont;rin 1nuc11 wnter; t hey
11a~e wells i n the villages.
(9) 'I'lreso belong t o the I\I;~l:rlcs of t h e IClryber tribes.
(10) Witliin pistol shot.
(11) Tlie baggage wns coming up nll night and next day !
~{; , l t $tll XOV. 1539. W e llaltetl to-day i n conseqr ~ence
of tile ~l ol l - n~- ~i vnl of our baggage, a n d i t bei ng tllought
;,tlvis;llllc to tllke steps t o prot ect t he l i ne of lnarcll between
tlliu :llld the deboltchk of t he Pass, (12) in consequence of
lslliCII t I ~ e second col un~n under Maj or-Genl . ThackweZZ,
Inovetl close t o us, and encalnped to-day, bet ween us and
Al i ;\Iusjitl.
2.
Mzl,$id.-The fort of Ali RiIusjid is si t uat ed on a
llill to t l ~ c right conling froin Jel l nl i ~bad.
T h e rlcvation
;,boye tile level of t he sen is 2,433, or 940 f eet below t h e
slllllmit of the Pass : ~ t Lundee Khann. Th e f or t is about
. -
150 fcct lorlg and 60 feet wide, but t he whol e of t h e
e~~cl oset l place is about 300 b y 200 feet. Ther e ar e t hree
Ilillu ~vi t hi n fro111 200 to 3 0 0 yards of t he fort, on which
t l ~e r c wfcre posts. The mitlth of t he her e i s abont 1 5 0
yards. 0 1 1 the opposite sidc, the hills ar e not hi gh. I n t h e
cclltrc of the Pass below is a Suqzgalt. Ther c wer e liltewise
*
Sung:llls on the l ~i l l s opposite to the fort. Fr om t he fort t o
xsl ~erc our c:~mp was (the rontl tnlting a t~1r11 t o t he left) is
t l ~ c 1110st importi~llt sectio~l of t he Pass. Ou r camp had to its
front, S. TTr., some Iieights 011 n ~l ~i c h t here was table-land.
Thi s table-1:unI l e; ~ds to tlie f or t to tlie.W., and t o t he I<lly-
lwrec cnntonmel~ts. (13) To the r ear of cnlnp N. E. wiis n
drt acl ~et l hill on which there mas a Songah; beyond this is
n v ~l l c y nnd a lligll range of hills, a road l endi ng over i t to
left rear. The x~litltli of the Pas s here i s about 150
yards.
To the E. of Ciinlp is t he foot-l~ntll lending over the
llills to Jumrootl.
To t he 8. E. is a, t ower (Jaghir) and a
Sa11gall rrllich c ommn~~ds the 111airl Pass, Ivhicll l ed from t he
left of ollr c:~lllp in that dil.ection. (14) In llle f or t of ~ l i
b.
(12) Genl. Buitabilt., Govr. of Pesl ~awer xvns wri t t en to, ~ n d he sent
some Sikh troops to more up t he Pnss.
(13) l'eer:~h tlistr~nt about 7 n~ar ches t o t h e S., and at nn elevation
o f a h n t 7,000 feet Chooral~ bout 4 miles in a direct l i ne S.
Bsznr
or 9 miles in a direct line S.
(14)
In this section of t he Pass, about
mile i n ext ent , ~ v t ~ s the
I
fincipal opposition given to Lieut.-Col. Wade's force i n Jul y, n ~ ~ d
I
-here 111s hhgl erees nttnckod the Si khs in October, n~l d opl)osed ollr
plrtim i l l Soven~ber, 1839.
IflqBe?* Puss and its Dcfencc.
3 13
Jft~.yjicZ tliere is no ~vater, but there is ii covered passagc
1r;rtliug doirlil 10 a well. Tlicrmometer 3 P. nf. 82".
To Ict~drZunz beyond Lhe Pass, 10 miles, (5th Nov.)-Tl~er-
lliolrieter 4 A. hi. 600. Marclied a t 5 A. ~ i . The road l ay
tlirougli tlie bed of the river. After leaving camp oul.rorite
was t o tlie right, leaving tlic to\ver ( J a y l ~ i ~ ) on onr left, on
tvhich sidc lhere is higli gronnd, nttd tivo other tomcrs witliin
3 miles of caulp, and close Logetlier. The Pass from calllp
Ivns for 3 miles from 200 Lo 150 yards wide, sometimes only
;IS inally feet. I1 lheti n:~rro\i~s t o abotlt 60 or 80 yards i n
some places ; wi t l c ~~i l ~g ;rgaili a1 tlic clebozdchlf. Tile hills are
higher for thc f rsL 3 miles, after 1v1iic.h they are lower irnd
rocky, :rtltl rilore pel-pendicrll:~r. Tllc road llie f rst 3 lllilcs
over slony grolulcl, crossing Llle river oftctl ; Lhc 1:rtter part
ovcr sl ~i r~gl es with a slight tlcsccnt to the v:lllcjr ~fPcsliniser.
Ti l e Clioorah slrcnm, which issues from the Pass, irl.iptes
tlic co~l nt rg near IC~l ddun~. Fro111 our lnsl ground 10 tile
deboztcl~! of t l ~ e Pass is 7 milcs. Tl ~e r e is a f o ~ t - ~ ~ a t l l
which leads over the llills fro111 Jumrood, and i s three nliles
shorter than the route by the main-road of the Prlss ; but,
i t is uot ir gun-road. Thermonleter 3 1.. u. 86".
Ca1>t.
171.P. Bzbt'n, (15) the oiliccr left i n Politicill cllnrgc a t
l'cshaiver, c;lme to our camp. Our c;llnlI was close utlilcr
some low hills oil which tlierc is t : l bl ~-l i ~l t l to llle W.,
Jz?n~oocZ (mhcre the Sikh camp is) is a xnilc off, irr~ld close
Lo Llie for1 of Fotehgurh. Vrc n ~ e l some Silill Unlt;lIiolls
.--
cnlering lhe Pass, as \ire were Icitving it.
3 . Z'l~c Ii l t ybe~ I'nss and i1.u Defe~zce.--The Icl~yber Pass
Iron1 thc cl~lmnce, on the Jclla1;lbild side, to thc debo,l(;hh
(2 miles short of iund fro111 ICutldum), is 28 miles it1 lel~glll,
and excepting tho vallcy of Lnlbe,g-gurhee, (16) (5
,'
long and 1: broad, tllerc arc 22 iililcs of Pnss wllich c;rn bo
coininnndcrl, aild in which t1icl.e i1l.c f c ~ plnccs mlicrr ; ~ I I '
iwmy adirniicitig could fil~tl cnvcr.
h .
( 15)
First Uot~g;~l N, I.
(1G)
&lust probi~l,ly so c;illctl, owill;: to l11c 'I'r)~~c,rr 01' t l ~c hl;tl;rh ;.
2 s
'
I
31.1 TJte Kl ~ybcr Pass,
Sllpposc n collvoy t o et ~t cr thc Pass from Peslli\\rrer, by
tile iii;rin road of t l ~c Pass t o Ali Musjid, At about 2 inilrs
on t l ~c Icft, tliere is a si ~i al l road .tvhich t ur ~i s into t hc left
i ~~l ( I re-cnters t he main-road about $ inile higher up. Fro111
this to mlicre the two first towers are scen on t he right oE
tlic road, is about 2 miles. When t he I<hyberees had
l ) o s ~s s i o ~i of t hc road, atlaclis were miltlc from the lrft, by
parties coining fro111 Ali Musjid, or from the iieighbouring
cantonment. Thosc froill t he right mere made by the
troops i n possession of tlie t o~vcr s : u~d Sungahs. Onr
possession, tliereforc, of t he towers and Sungi ~hs oil the
riglll, while holtlii~g Ali M~ ~ s j i d and the liill on tllc lcfl
opl)osite to tlle g ~ e i ~ t tower ( J ugl ~i ~) , ~voul d prevcnt tlicol
occupj~ing t l ~e hills in illly uumbers bet\veeil t he entrance
to the Pass a ~ i d tliesc poiiits. Therc iniglit be Sungalis
I
erectetl on tlie rig111 ant1 left of tlie hills to rentler t l ~ose
lllore s e c ~~r e .
I 111 that porlioii of tlie Pt ~s s from the t o~vcr (. Jeghi ~)
,.
f
to Ali Musjid, Sungnhs, on tlie hill rnnning froin tllc left
to the fort, 111iglll be erected to secure t hat linc. On lhe
opl~ositc (right) side of tlic Pass, t he deti~chcd hill might
have n Sl111gnh to coinn~und t he valley on tlle other side ; tlle
' /
e~i l rance illto whi cl ~ by the gorge, sl~oulil bc closcd up by
niiotlier Snngrnh. The path-way ~vliicll leads l o Jumrood
, sl~ould be protected by a Snngah.
I
As on eritering the Pass from the Jumrood (or Pesliawer)
side, attacks from the left are 1110st likely to be milde, t l ~er e
should be towers, a t certain intervals, along t J~c ?urlrolc line
qhp to the f o ~ t ; US on that line ar e the ca?bto~~rnenis of the
1CJqbarees. >
I11 the valley of Lalbeg-gurliee there is opcn space.
Thc possession of the summit of t he L~uiclee-Kli:nln Pass,
with a good work, woulcl secu1.e it. There is a liill beyond
I -
i t on ~vliich there are the milled wdl s of an old f or t ; (17)
on which iliigl~t bc erectetl a sillall work if necessary.
I
( I?) Said to l ~ nv a been built by Alelandor. I would fortify tl~is, as
,
it could, I think, lira on a ~vork on the summit of the l'nss.
and i t s Defence. 315
I
T l ~ c rcmnining p o r t i o ~~ of llie Pass from Lnntlee-IChmla
t o the dcboucl~c' near I)altli:~, 111ig11t I I ~ I V C :I to\vclq elnectetl
aboul, 11:11f-n~ny, OI I some rising gror1111l ; ~ t flilfl-chulb. Tile
'llnt:~ra, lCarlap:~, : r ~~t l Ab-lill;u~:~ Pi~sscs, I ) ui ~~g ni\i.rom, iiiigllt
bc c;lbily sce~~r ci l by S I I I I ~ ; L ~ ~ S .
No w tlinl n corps of I~lz~jbo.ecs l ~a s bee11 ri~isril, i t nrooltl
;
sceni t l ~nt tlicse liiell u.ol11d be t l ~c brst to cnlploy, t.o
garrison t l ~ e towers ~ L I I ~ Sungnhs proposecl to be crcct.et1.
I
As the p o i ~ ~ t to bo cl~icfly g~~: i rded is tlie line o n which
Ali Musjitl stands, tlie o1)ject appears t o be, to 11ii1,c n
proper garrison for tlie fort, with so111c \vorli oil tlie pliiio
l ei l t l i ~~g t o Cltoorclh, sollicieot to hold a body of 111~11 equal
t o repirlse mi i~ttiick.
O~vi ng to tlie sickliess of our troops ill tile hot monllis
:lntl rainy SciIson after its c:il)t11re ill July, 1839, Lt.-Col,
Sir C. i l l . Wa d e directed Dr. A. R e i d to rcport upon l l ~ c
-
best site for a cant o~~i nei i t , (18) as o u ~ troops could not live
ill Ali Musjid (luring tlie Ilot, or the rainy senson, ill filct
only in tlie cold ~nont hs ; I;ol~zoaryee seelils lo offer t l ~ c besl
(18)
Dr. Rcirl, on tlle 27th Octobor, IR39, made the following rel)ort.
<' 1st. The villi~ge of Cltu,*dt!lh (elevation of about ],so0 ft.) 20 nliles
E. of Jellaliil~nd.
" 2nd. The village uf Ilussool (elevation of 1,509 feet) i1110111; 26
miles E. of Jcllnlnl~i~cl.
"3rd. Lolrrnnyqc~? (3,501) feet,) i~bout 16 \ V. of Ali Mus,jitl, and t l ~rer!
~ni l es from Li ~l beg- g~~r l ~ec is n vnllcy of considernble extent \ritliill
tllc Icllyber motrnti~ins; it is well s ~~l q~l i e d wit11 \rr;rter, 1)otll fro111
springs i1nt1 n~clls, is I~eatlbifully c~lltiv:rtctl, t11c air pore nntl si1111-
l ~ri aus ; imd the clilnnte is so good tllnt it is rcsortcd to by t he siolt i n
P-
senrcll of henltl~, :ind is IIC~II' IY 3,500 feet nbovc: the level of the seir,
ant1 \vorlltl be n most eligiltle spot for ;I cnnton~nent."
" l'he sicltness at Ali Jl7tsjid is : rt t ri l ~~~t i rl ~l e to the water, \rl~icll in
snit1 to I)e impregnnted with itntiniuny ; tllc spring from which thc! f or t
is sr~lrplied rising FI+OIII l ~nder a ruck of the sulpl~llret of t hat mctitl ;
otllcr water was fur so111c t i n~c t~setl by the trnoj)s, Ilut i t is s:ricl t hat irli
I
in t he nei gl ~bo~~rl ~oot l is impregnntocl wit11 it."
rcT1~:rt tlle trool~s olrglrt nut to bti Itept there will, I tl~inlc, lte evident
fro111 the nttlal~er nf sick nnd cnsl~i~lties t l ~i i t llxve occ~l rre~l since tl~cj
!)lace has been occnl)ic?tl by ot~r' s i111t1 the Yl i ~l ~nr i ~j nl ~' ~ trouljs, its sllowr~
ill t he nccuml~nnging t;~l)le.
I 2 s 2
316 Papaenl s lo Ihe ICItyberees.
pl;lcc. for ;r cirntoniiie~it, and is sufficieittly near t o nfforcf
collst:l~lt relief to the partics it1 Ali MusJ'id, nlld ;kt the
110sts ; alic1 the troops mould be able to move, a t a s1iol.t
lloticc, to titke up any position t hat might be reqai red to
protect any convoy, &c. passing through lie I<liyber Pass.
4.
The I<liybeiaees ;ire divided illto two classes, the
df~.ecrEees and the Shanzoarces, and tire ;dl Mnhollledans.
111 tlie t i ~ne of the kings of ilffgliaiiistnli tliey are snicl to
have received t he follomiiig suliis, viz.
flnnually.
Abtlal Ridiiilan's Ancestors, Icultee I<hels,
iJJi.eetlee, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Rs. 25,000
I<hi~n Bahaditr's, ditto, (Malnl<dren ICliel,)
AJrcedee, ..............................
YJ 25,000
Mi ~l ~o n ~e d Ameer Ichali, (Lepa' s aiicestol.~,)
Afreedee, ............................... ,, 25,000
The brotliers of Mi ~i t aza IChnn arid Stirdalla
Iilinn, Zithce I<liel, Afrecdec,. . . . . . . . . . . . . . ,, 25,000
The Jf;~lal\- of thc Meerdacl I<hel, Slum-
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . u~n~ees , ,, 10,000
Tlte Ma1:tk of tlie Peroo ICllel, Shanzcarecs, ,, 10,000
Tile Mi11,iI; of llie I < h u ~ i ~ I<llel, Shai~wal.ees, ,, 10,000
---
(X 1 3,000) Rs . 130,000
The bocl~r of I<l~yl)erees sopported tttelllselves ~ J T thcft,
alltl n.hen cnlled into sel-vice, they ollly received ~. n t i ~i l s .
'!'he G~*cnr. Co. SOL11 IS. I. of
GO died since 1st Seyt. 23 I
Capt. Ferris's levies, ......... 760 di t t o ditto, ......... 43
Rntngoles, ........................ 64.0 ditto ditto, ......... 9.5
Nujeebs ............................ 689 ditto ditto, ......... 102ia
P
Sil\\ilrs, ........................... 200 ditto ditto, ......... I 9
I
.........
j
.........
Goolnb Sing's Srlrvirra, 60 ditto ditto, t \
I
Heeri~ Sing's di t t o, ............ 50 ditto ditto, ......... 4,
-
-
L':642
2 433
wl~icll is R loss i n 57 (1:lys of nearly onol e nt b!
" 'I 11e u~~l)e;~lthi~iess of Drclrlrcc, wllich is nl uc l ~ less than t hat of ~ l l i
Bh ~ j i d , is t o be attributed to its low nrld di~nlp situation, which cirn bc
nroided by crossing the troops to t he opposite side of t l ~e ri ver to Lal-
pournh ; allere the ground is dry, and allere there is ;r good position
for the camp.
Tcial, 00 toll, levied. 317
Bcfore t he engagement ~vi t l i t hc Si khs in
1837, t h e
I<hyber Piiss ditl not cost Dost ~lfuhorned, more th;rn
10,900 Its. n year ; but, aft er t he above nEi i r he pirid nenrl y
20,000 Rs, yearly, vi;.
No. of Sword
nntl 3lnlcli-
Rs, l uckmc~l .
Alli~diltl I <l ~nl ~, :ind Fyzullnli (Fyztz~llzsb)
Zilkee I<hcl, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,000 3,000
I<hiiu Ba11:rd;i; i \ l ; i l al cdee~~ I<hel, .... 5,000 4,000
Abtlnl Riil~~llill~ I<~:III, (19) ;t11(1 J n ~ ~ g c e r
I<llan, Ii ol ree I<hcls,. ................. 3,000 3,000
Sillcrn I<l~all, Lepx, Sntlulln I<h:in, Gall-
go, n~l t l Annr I<hat ~, S i ~ c ~ ~ ~ wr / ~ e e s , ...... 1,500 6,000
Noor i\'ri111011led, I<il~llbi~l' I<IIcI, . . . . . . 750 1,500
Sa nl a l l d: ~~ IChar~, ant1 Biikar I<han, Alrn
I<ll(~l, .............................. 7.50 1,500
Alif Khan, I<:imbnr lillel, . . . . . . . . . . 1,500 3,000
--
It s. 19,500 26,000
I-Io~vevcr, s ubs eque~~t l y, hc paid, i t is said, 28 o r 32,000 11s.
I t 'cvould see111 t hat n~l t l er t he killgs t he I<l ~yberecs did
not collect t he t as, or toll, levied on t he passage of a~l i mnl s
Iitde~l or unlndell, ilrld OI I pc ~s s e ~l gws ; but ~ ~ n r l e r Dost
Mahomed t hi s 'cvirs perlnitted. (20)
Lt.Dowson's corps,of 359 diccl since 6th r111g. 7 163 present sick.
i\liil~nri~jitlt's troops, 1,500 ditto ditto, ......... 28 800 ditto.
-
- -
1,869 36 3'1.3
A loss in 83 d;tys of 1 in 53. (27th October, 1S39.")
(19)
He \riis not sincere i n the first negoci:rtions. Occullics the l'itsa
between i\li i\Jusjid and .Jumrootl. Alli~dnd 1Lllir11 i ~nd Pyzt~tllub Iilt:~tr
crtnle in after the fitll of Ali hlosjid.
(20)
A c:tnleI Ii~tlen mitl~ Its. This was for the \rirole extent
clotl~, or Itl~njnl~anl~, ............ 5 of the I'nss ; but, ;IS it II:IS been
Grocery, .................... 3 lcno\rn tlliit tile toll piiid at orln
A Horsemiln, ............. 3 cntl of the Pass, (lid not sectllQe the
A lontl of leiitllel., ....... 2 mel.cltant or tr:~vellcr from ;L tle-
-4 loi~tl of salt, ............ 1 i111tl of course tlelny ; Iwsitlrs wl~i(:l~
it m~lat l ~ i t \ t t ? dinlinisl~ed the nnn~bar of i r~~i l ~~t t l s :111d ~)i~(ise~lgers J ) : I S H~ I I ~
thro~~glrh, its nell irs the irnnui~l U I I I ~ I I I I ~ collectetl.
Con~we~~c i al avd filily. use of the Pas s .
I bclicvc t he SI~iili liils agreed Go 12s. 120,000
( PI ~OOO) ai ~~i l l : ~l l y, but illsists 011 c ol l c e t i ~l g tlic t i ~x, o r
toll. Wi t l i out t hi s arr: ui geme~l t t her e coul d be no c c r ~ . a i ~ ~ ~ ~
of t hc 11sc of t l ~ c Pilss f or t he t r a n s i t of commcr cc ; ;u1(1
i n ;L 11lilit;irj~ poi11L of view, t h e Shnh' s Govt . wo~l cl havc
bccn li;~blc, 011 ; wy c l i a ~ i ~ e of policy i ~ t t h e courl; of Lnhore,
t o a n ~u~s c t t l e t l st at e of t hc Pi ~s s . The Silills paid :t certxili
s u u ~ of moiiey, i ~l i l i ~~i t l l j r, for il si ~ppl y of wat er fro111 tlic
P.iss; this, uiltlci. t he tl.c.i~ty wi t h S l l i ~ h Shooj ah, was to bc
ntljuuted rvitll Iris Govt . 111 vi cnl i i ~g t hc conduct of tlie
Ii l ~ybcrees, regard mus t b e hat1 t o t he sul11 offered the111 in
t hc first i ~i st ; ~i i ce, whi ch was lcss t l l i ~i l hi r u si i i ce beell
i ~ l l o \ ~ ~ d t l ~ c m; slid nrliich is about that. ivhich t h e y receivetl
ui ~rl or tlre 1;ings ; then, t o t he cl epr i vi ~i g tlie chi cfs of t he
collcction of t hc t as, o r toll, t o wh i c h t hey ha d bc e l ~
nrcustoinetl for 30 years ; mid in f a c t to it11 s l t r r a t i o~i of .
t l ~c i r nlotlc of cxistsiice. (21) N n d i ~ S l ~ a l ~ , i n 173% yi,id 1
;t'100,000 for t he pnssnge of his arl ny t l l r oi l gh this P ; ~ s s ! 5
/
(21)
The Dul,e of JlTellington in Ir letter to t h e Sccy. to Govt., I?onrl
bay, 5th Nov. 1Y03, \\,rites, Col. l l I~i ?. ?-~~y 1viLI1 grent truth, says, ' I t
is not to be espcctcd tlre Bheels,' (a hill-tribe) Cl ~i ef t ai ~~s ill
rcm;~in :~tt:~cl~etl to us rvitl~out sou~e prospect of advantage.' "
Ilis Gnlcc adds, "'1'11~ q11estio11 is \ ~l rot l ~or i t is an ob,ject to ol)tilin
such Milit(~~*!j ndt*nntage au llce posffcssion of tho <l(fles in the c o ~ ~ ~ ~ l r i c s
of t l ~e Ul~ecls, and t l ~e :~ssist;~nce of these people, eve11 i l l the e x p c n ~
of the remission of the t r i b~~t e \vlriclr they pai d to Do~vl ~l t 1b1o Scio-
dinlr, 1)eforc we obt:iined possession of the count ry ?" ilnd "Experience
tencl~es that tributo of this description, cannot bc collected f1.ot11 t11c
it~l~rrbitants of the Ililly and jungly tr:rcts of India, witlrout fr.cquenL
s]'~'cals to nl'llls."
" 1 11:tve but little doubt the conrpany ~ o u l d Ilnvc been richer, ilnd I
nnl convi~~ced that tlie military reputatio~l of t h e British ntition noultl
have stood I~iqllcl; and that the power of Government 1vo111d llarlc lrcer~
grei~ter, if all tribute payable by hill Itolygars and rajirl~s, liad Iteel1
. originnlly re~tritted " ( Besltntclres-Gurwood, Vol. I. p. 4.Rli.)
, I
1 11e question with respect to tlre Kl~yberccs seenls to be this, arlretl~er
in tlrc ltest times the srun of money they received, logetl~or wit11 tlte
collection of the tnx, or toll, was or was not morc thiin tlley now
receive 7 If the military possession of the Pass, thercby ir~crc:r~ing it5
in R ~Ol l l nl er~i ~l point of view, :111rl tlre collectio1l of tilo tax, or
renlisel to tllc Shnti'n government, r? grcnt er annuill Burr1 t11;ln is
5. To I{ozcl.rir, 7 miles, (6th Nov. lS39.)-Thcrnio1ncter
4 A. M. 58'. 3, l i l r ~l i ~d a1 6 A. >I.
The ro;~tl lily 14. over ii
level p l n i ~~ ; sliol.tly after l ei l vi ~~g I<uddum, the coo~itry is
inore ol)e~i, tlie hills arc morc tlistil~~l, i ~i i t l r u ~ i into a low
runt1 distiu~l range to thc right. On Lhe left about one
111ilc is Ju~nrood, where tlie Silt11 force is eiicnmpetl, and
beyond i t is tlie fort of Futchgurh, i t b o ~t 2 iiiilcs from
I(udt1u111, ;und reaching which a salntc (22) of 17 gulls was
fired ill ho~i or of 12. EL ~Sii?. J. Iieane's passi~ig it. The fort
lins n double wall, and a wliile pulrlta citi~dcl in llie centre,
iuicl hils two 01' tliree grins in it. The road wits over n
sandy level, a11c1 tlien stony plain, oil which ere seen many
Ti(nhuli. The road towards Roulsil- ~ v i ~ s sandy with siiiall
stoncs; there is culliv;~tioii near where our CiLinp mas, ant1
n rouiid circular breast-~vorl; ercctetl by Lt , 17. ilfackesosi on
11ic Slinhxndn's troops ulilrcliilig froin Peshnwer. There
WRS R descent in tliis tlay's march. Jurn~qood is 1,670, or
763 fect bclom Ali Nusj i H. Thermometer 3 P. nr. 86'.
Thc sccond coluii~n under Maj.-Genl. Thacltmcll moved,
to-(lay, out of the Pass to our Iasl ground (I<udclunl) ; soirie
of t he Sikh troops were sent t o tlie Pi as t o protect i t s bag-
paid t o the Qicf (besides paying the ordinary nlilitnry expenses for
its clefence), the question is whether it \\,ill not be better to st~tisfy
them rather than to seek, by force, to carry the point as to a n~i11i112utr~
peynlent, 1vlie1i tlie doing so nlr~st occ;lsion an additional expense, nlill
~vhell socli R niensure m:ry rilise :I spirit of oppositiol~ to tlie Shrill's
governniellt.
I t cannot be expected tlitrt n few llionths will obtain all the objects
contelnpli~ted; i t n111st requirc t i n~e to induce these people to give up
their lnwless pursuits. Offers were mede by the late Lt.-Col, Tad, in
1818, to induce some Illrczl tribes to culti\lnte the soil by paying oi~eh
80 niucl~ a ~n o n t l ~ for a ccrtnin period, (gratuitously,) for this purpose;
their reply \\,as, (' Our imccstors did ;IS we (10: we 1i:tve never been
;~ccustomed to toil, but to live on plundcr." l'lley llavo been rccli~imed,
anci t he new ggeneri~tio~i llns i~daptetl I~iibits of industry.
(28)
Jumrooil wi ~s tnlccn by t l ~ c Silths, unclcr I1z~rr. e~ IVit~glt, cnrlp in
Jnnai~rj: 1837, before tllc I ) i ~ t t l ~ in 1837, in whicl~ lte \\,as Itillcd in t l ~ c
;letion will1 the AlTgl~nns. 11s it Irils co!nn~i~~idcd, Fut c)~g' url ~ (tllc
fort of \'iclorp) \V;IS L~lilt,
g:,gc.
Some 50 or 60 T<hyberc~.s slionred Lhenlsclvcs on the
Ilills, but lllwtle no irtt;iclc.
.'I'o Peshrrzucr, 8; nlilcs, (7th Nov.)-Thermomete1,5 a. ar.
62". Marched at diry-bretrlr. The road mas drle E., c r o s s i ~ l ~
two snliill c a ~~a l s , which were lxidged, ilnd which npl~eiwe(l
to take n direction to the N. to j oi n t he Cnbool river. We
nlso crosscrl some r;rvines. As nrc nenred Pesha~ver me saw
tltc Silil~ c:untnn~~lents oil our left, where, leaviilg t he main-
roird, \rrc passed r ol ~nd tllem, and saw tlle liillg's garden Lo
~l l c K. E. of the fort ; we p;isscd t o the lcft of t he toma,
keel~illg the fort on our left. Our camp urns t o t he E, of
the city of Pcsllanrer. We brci~lifasltcd wit11 Genl. Avitubilc,
the Govr. Thermometer 3 P. ar. 9J0. The elevation ;ibovc
Llle sc;r at Peshnn~cr is 1,068 feet, or 605 feet below Junlrood,
which gives n fall of about 1 irl 76 f eet . A.l;rj.-Genl. Sir W.
Cotton, the I-Id. Qr. Stilti, and thc ollicers with the 1st
Colnrnll, dincd in thc evcili~lg wit11 Genl. Avitabih, ~ v l ~ o
il1111ninaLrtl llis house, ;uld esllibited fire-works before din-
Ilrr ; alter nrliich he girve thc party n nu?hlc/t irnd produceti
all tllc best vocalists of Pcs11;imer.
CHAL'TER SV.
P'csl~uzuo*, till^ Nov. lS3$>.)-TIler11rolnc~~er 5 A. xr, 52'.
'Yhe 211tl Co l u ~ n ~ i , \111tIer R$ilj.-G~111. Tl r ( ~c l ~~ue / I 11li11'~1lt$d ill
ellis ni or ni ~~g. 0111~ ci ui ~l ) Iviis t o tile E., ill~tl tllilt of t l i e
21id col un~i l begol ~t l o11r's t o t hc S. E.
Th e fol l owi r~g Geril. Ort l rr, (1) 1vi1s issuetl regnrt l i l ~g llie
c o n d u c ~ of t he t roops t n i t r c t ~i ~~g tlil.ough t he Si kh tewi-
tories. ' C Th e l e i ~ d i ~ ~ g col l ~ri l r~ I i nr i ~i g el i t ered tlic Sikh
t erri t ory, I-I. E. t he Cori ~r. -i ~l -Chi cf ci ~l l s tlic i l l t e ~~t i on
I*
of Comg. olticers to t he i r ~ j ~ ~ ~ ~ c t i o ~ ~ lair1 c1ow11 i l l G. 0. '525111
I lllt." (2)
' C All officers ar e specially enjoined to Irnd their ~l t l l l ost
;lid t o preserve order among t h e follon*ers, i l l ~d 10 Ijring t o
p i ~ ~ ~ i s h ~ ~ l c r ~ t ally o r ~ e four~t l ~ l ~ ~ r ~ t I e ~ . i n g t h e fields, o r coln-
mi t t i ng i ~ c t s of oppressior~."
" H. E. is requestetl by t he Govr. Gel d. l o give publicily t o
t he f ol l omi ~~g tlespatcll (3) i ~nt l t o requi rc st ri ct obet l i c~l cc
t o t h e i ~ ~ s t r u c t i o l ~ s i t coilveys on t he p i ~ r t of t he troo1)s."
1. " T l ~ e Govr. Gel)]. llirs ~~ot i c e t l ill t he Lal l ore Alchrr~s
t he ci rcumst ance of l31.itisli oflicurs ~ v h o I ~i ~ppei i t o pass
t hrough tliilt capital, and visil t he Durlrar, r e c e i vi ~~g i i -l l i l l ~l t s
(1)
1)at'ed 5th Nuv. 1939, before rcr~clting Pesl~i~\re~..
(2)
Prol~ihiting the goilrg into the to\r.r~s, :rlltl villitges. l'o be 1,111,-
lislluti tinily by bent of tom-tom, till F. 0. G. 0. Ht11 Nov. 1839. '( h e
N. C. 0. per troop, or colnll;tnp, perlllittetl to visit the town, to make
p~lrclrnses, but Comg. c~ftit:ers to trtlce ciire, t11:rt they itre c~ccornyirliiecl
by some of the Silt11 Ilorsetl~er~; on npp1ic;ltion to Capt. h~Ii~c1zeso11."
(3)
"Acldressecl i n the Sewct L)ej)t. ~ I I the "1st llltilno, I)B IrisLord-
Jlip'e desire t o tho Otig. 1'01. Agent at Lontli:rnalr ( G. 11. Clerk, Esq.)
I,y '1'. 14. I\I;~tltloclc, I:,sq. Oif'g. Sccy. to Oovt, of Inili;~, with the Gotti..
Gel~c?r:rl."
2 8 1 ,
(4) frolll the Maliirru~jnh, ;md that satns of r no~~ey, as Z~afi i t ,
( 5 ) ilrc, st111t to tllcir t c~i t s, or the places where tliey
resitle (lllri,lg their stay at Lahore."
2. fi Tllc I ~ a c t i c e beiug contriwy to t he established
l ~r Sl l I nt i ot ~s of tlle Uritisli Govt., irpplicirble to ill1 its scr-
v;ults, ;llrd I~ighly oI>jectionirble, on liiirlly a c ~o ~i n t s , a11d being
likrly, i f l >t ~ri i ~i t t cd to continue, to entilil a 11eirvy expense
011 t l ~ e Lrhorc Govt., his Lortlship rcquests t hat yon will
litkc pro111pt ;r11c1 effective nieasores to ensure its totirl dis-
colltinual~ce, i u~t l cxpliri~li~lg to the Dul.bar t l i i ~t the c us t on~
i s prol~ibitetl ill t he case of tlie sei*\.ittlts of t hi s Govt., a t
:,ll Native Courts ; i111tl thirt it is tlie p;rrticulirr wish of t he
Qovr. Genl. t hat tlie Lilllore Dr ~r bar shoultl co~~f or l l l t o t he
gei~ersl prnctice, wlietl British olficers visit t hat place."
Ck Ilis Lordship wo~iltl acl~iiowletlge mitli all courtesy,
ant1 grirtitude, t he spirit of ki~ltlness ip wliich t he pract i ce
has origil~ated; but, would hope that the Maharajah will
reatlily conse~i t t o prohibit its repetitio~l ; particnlirrly on
yo11r cxpliri~~irlg t l l i ~t tliis pr ol i i bi t i o~~ is not meant to extent1
t.o those occasions of iaterviews between t he Heads of tliu
two Govtu., or the reception of speciitl notifications of
' oficcrs of liigl~ ralik ; or of uiissions fsorli one Govt. to tllc
other, ~ I I which such observances 11:tve been al1.eatly estab-
lished, i ~ i d will r e~i i ni ~i ill force irs heretofore ; an(1 in mllicll
there is ii due observallce of reciprocity," ( 6)
2.
The ci l y oJ.' l'eshazos~. -The city of Pesh2L\ver is i n
Lat. 34 6' N. L01lg. 71-45' E.; i t was founded by tile
Rlt11)"o' Akb~) ' , (7) \ V ~ O t ! l l ~ ~ ~ l ~ i ~ g e ( I t l ~ c inhirbitants of t he
l'lllljirb to resort t o this new set t l e~l ~cnt , tile Aflgllirns
(k) Honor;iry Dresses.
( 5 ) ZignJtt, means a feast ; also I~ospit:~lity.
( 6) "A copy of this letter sill I,u for\v:rrded to Mr. Mncnnghten,
and to the Co~ar.-in-Chief of the 11rrny of tlle Indus, in order tlint the
sttenlion of officers rnny be specinlly (lrtrwn to 11is Lortlship's direction
011 this occrsioo, as well as to the orders of Govt. prohibitory of the
prnctice of Govt. servants ncceptirlg pl,esents from Nittives of ;my de-
scription." Simlr, 21st Nov. 1839.
. About A. r). 1690 ; Ire died ill 1606.
?
The Ci t y of Peshawer. 323
were averse to conlmerce. Pro111 t he conveni e~~ce of i t s
position, i t unites Persia i111d AKghn~~i s t a~~, by a col n~l ~erci al
intercourse, with India. The markets ar c ; rbu~~di t nt l y
supplied with provisions. Tile city is sitid to be iibout 5
C 111iles in circuaiference, i~11t1 col ~serl ne~~t l y no re cxtcnsive
t11al1 Cal~dahm. and Cabool. The pr i l ~~i pi i l stl-eets H1.e
nluch like thosc of Ciibool, but are not so cleirl~, alltl I~iive
llnrrom gullies leii(lill:r illto tlle euclo.;ures, ~vi t h gates ant1
walls ; ;rr~d the town is 111\lc:li Ii\rgcr i r l i t l Illore c o n ~ p ; ~ c ~ thirn
Ctrbool, not beiltg increased by urcl~i~rtls, gzirtlel~s, ciu~iils,
itntl water-mills. 'l'l~ere is n nloscluc outsitle to the N.
wall, tvllich is the chicf 1)lircc of worsl~ip ; ;itltl two others,
with o111y a single doare, to t fi st i ~~gui sh them fro111 tlie other
buildil~gs of the city.
The Govr. (Gelll. Avital~ile) states tliilt there are 10,000
l ~ouses inhiibited by Mal~oalctLwls alld 1,400 by Hindoos,
iwd t l ~a t there tire 100,003 i l ~hi ~bi k~ut s . (8)
r" Since the tillie of h4r. filiphilzslonc a great cliange has
taken phce. When Shah Shoojah-ool-Moollc fitted out I ~i s
last expedition to recover his tllrone (1833-34) Ile promised
Peshawer to Mahartijali Runjeet Singll. I n 1834 when the
Shah mas defeated at Candahar, Ile fled towards I{/ieZat,
The Silths having tirken possession of Peshawer, Sul t an
Mahomed I<han, (thc Qovr,) (9) retreated to Cabool, where
Dost Mahorned collected a force of Ghazees, (crusirders,)
accon~pirnied Sult;in Maholued IChnn to Peshamer, a11d
the Silih and AITghan armies remiiit~ed opposite to each
other for fifieen diiys ; wl ~e r ~ Rul ~j eet Sillgh illtrig~led with
Sultan Mahomed I<han, to get Dost Mahorned to retire,
r-
which he di d; llilnself relllaillil~g Inore dependant than
before on Runjeet Singh : a l ~d Peshawer is llow it province
of t he Pulljab.
(R)
The Hon. Mr. Blphinstone, wl ~os e mission Wa 6 ~~~~~~c ~I ' OI I I 2Stl1
Feb. to the 14th June, 1800, states the anlollnt at about 100,000. New
Edition, Vol. 11. 11, 44G.
This would give more ~ I I R I I flight souls to ciicl~ hoose.
( 9 ) And brotlicr of Uost i\Isltomed.
I
2 ~ 2
Tile ~) r w"ei ~t Qorr. (Gerll. Aai l nbi l e) I1:ls bnilt :l fort or1 tlie
of tlie Bola I;liusa)., or forrl~er p;~l:~ce of the Icing, n~liich
js to tlie N. of the city.
Th e wliole r ~f tlie M:. E., and N.
fiices are covercd with low s\varnpy groulld. 'J'he or ~l y g;li,e
i t Ilns is to t he N.
The lo\ver part of the fort is conlliiarid-
etl by t he citadel.
Tlie tlitch was not finislied. (LO) The
south face seems to afford t he only assnil;rble poilit ; tllis
~vould first render necessai-g tlie occup;rlion of the cily, otr
t he N. side, ils owing to i t s rrenrriess t o tlie fort, it wot~ld
t ~\ l i c t he breacliillg l)ilttel.ies in reverse. A sirlute wiia
fil.ed from the fort oil our arrival oil tlie ii~orniiig of the
P
1 tli inst.
3. l'lie city is t o tlie S. of the fort ilnd is nirlled ill1
rouiid, ;rnd Ge~i l . Auilnbile is coiistructi~ig a secolad w;lll,
about 100 ynrtls outside tlie inner one. Tlie Govr. lives, in
large square, or Carilva~isernee, in which he h ; ~s built a, lilrge
three-storied house, tlie \\lnlls of whicli, i ~ s well as of tllc
large scliinre, are loop-holed; and the bastioris of the scjuare
Ililve gi i ~i s iri tlicm. Tlie Govr.'s house o~er l ool i s the
wliole city. Tlie houses of tlie city arc built of brick,
itnd I L ~ O L L L three stories 11igl1. Tlie streets ilre u;rrro\v, a~i t l
have ir glitter i n tile centre, but are not pnvetl. P i ~ r t of tllc
town is snit1 to be flootletl tluririg tlic s l ~r i ng riliris, ~rrllich
makes it tlie~i nil tiliwliulcsome residence. The s11ops dis-
plily for sale, dried fruits, nuts, breatl, meill, boots, shoes,
saddlery, bales of clotli, hi~rclw;tre, ready-niarlc clothes, books,
~lieep-sltin cl oi ~l i ~, kc. The ge11er:ll keeps t he inllilbitnnts
i n good order. (1 1)
Tlie revellue nf Pcshilmel. 11;~s beell
(It))
It wi l l require ;I good deal of time and expense t o coml)Icte it,
I
ns fronl the nature of the soil, and t he r no~l r ~d ~ I I wliicl~ the fort is bui l t
being artificinl, both the scarp nnd collnte~~scnrp, ~vould requiro to be
i
I
fi~cecl with masonry. t
(11) We found a great miany men hanging on gibbets.
He sltervs
no partii~lity to any cli~ss, whether Plahomednn or Ri~idoo, and on
some occasions hangs eight or ten at a time ; by \rl~ich disciplhe, life
"nd Property are safe at Peshawer !
variously estimilted.
Forslo. (12) says, 'C seven 1i~lihs lvere
r e~i ~i t t ed to the c;ipilnl.' At preseot t l ~e pr ovi ~~cc lnily
yield about 15 I;ikl~s Its. (2150, 000 ;) t l i o~~gl i it is s i ~i d to
be capable of pieldit~g d3350,000 yeirrlg. Thc Affgllans had
r
a force of 3 or 4,000 men, ant1 several guns ; but the Sikh
force kept up is said to be more tlliin 12,000: (13) sufficient
t o absorb the whole l l cve~~ue.
The soil of l l ~ c pliril~ is :L bl;~clr moultl, irrltl itbunda~itly sup-
plietl n ~ i ~ h wirter. 'l'l~e orchirrtls sc;rtleretl over the coi l ~i t ry
lxo(lucc n 1xoFusioti of plruu, pe:rch, pear, q~lirlce, alld
pomcgrarlate trees, iit~tl the grentvst p; ~r t of the plain is i n
it l ~i gl l state of cultiv;itio~~, being irrigirted I)y Inany water-
courses. Thirty-two villages have I)cell cont ~t ed wikhin a
circuit of 4 miles. Thcse :rye gei~erillly remarlri~bly cat,
;~dol.necl wit11 mulberry a ~ ~ t l ot her fruit-trecs ; al ~t l ovcr t he
strc:ims ilre bridges of masonry, 11i/\ri11g t\vo s ~nal l towers
ut eirch end.
f *
The wheat ;uld barley crops are off the groutid by t he
ni o~i t h of April.
Duri ug tlle sunill~er tlic hetit is very great, a11d in t he
hri ght of the solstice t he atlnosphere is allilost i nsuppor ~-
able, irlthough i n the illllnedihte vicil~ity of everlasting SIIOW:
but tlie simoom, does not, I Ixlieve, prcvail a t Peshomer.
1
(14)
Fro111 the phi11 of Pesharvcr foor ranges of 1ilou11-
tains arc tlivti~~ctly seen to t he N. Tolvards the end of
February the snow (lisiippcars fro111 the lowest, tlie t ops of
(12) A. D. 17x3, Irol. I I. 1). 51. Sir A. l 3u~ncs in 1832, states i t
st less than nir~e 1; i Ii h~ Its. Vol. 11, p. 31!). Gel~l. Auitahilr! 11i1s very
rest at Pesl~i~aer ;" l ~ut the ~~~rnibcrs vary according to circurnstii~iccs.
(18)
Shi~hzad;~ Tyrnaor's force wit11 Lt.-Col. Sir C. Jf. JYtrdu \\':IS
encn~npetl at Peshnwer from t l ~ u 20th Rlnrcl~ to the 20th July, 1839,
a,lien t l ~e heat was so greiit t l ~i l t most of the oficers \vcre Iiiid up with
fever ; the Lt.-Col. used a lcus-lrcts tent presentetl t o hi111 by Al;~h:~r;!jrth
ILl~r~jeot Sing11, wl~icl~ diminisl~ed the te~nper;rture. 1 ' 1 1 ~ I~ei~t, ~~n l i l t o
that of Inclii~, is s~~lfocnting, being u~~;iccompnnietl by any slrerlgtl~ of
~rincl. In June, 1S09, wl~on Alr. h' / phi ~~s( one w;ts there, the Thcn~itr.
I
stood nt 113"!
326 Atlnck in Iiitybw Pass,
tile seconcl continue covered, and the third half-way down.
The height of one of these peaks mas estimatecl by Lieut.
Macartney ant 20,493 feet, ant1 in June, 1809, was covered
with snow.
4. 9t h Nov. 1839. Therniometer 5 A. ar. 5P.-The
Colulnn to halt till I?. 0. Thermometer 3 1 . . nx. 82".
10th Nov. Thermometer 5 A. Jr. 60.-This mol-rliug n
Dett. consisting of t wo guns 2nd 1'. 2nd B. H. A. , :L squn-
(Iron of tlie 3r d Cavy., two Cos. of sappers and miners,
and every available soldier of the Cos. of thc 20tl1 :rntl 21st
N. I. marched its a11 escort to provisions inte~ltletl for the
garrison of Ali Mu@d. I t mas not iutentle(1 t l i i ~t the
Artillery and Cavalry should enter tlie Pass, uiiless circunl-
stances sllould render the ilieasure absolutely necessary.
(15) Six days' supplies were taken with the Dett. (16)
Whi l e me remained a t Pesllawer the issue of grain froin thc
Comsst. stores, was suspended. Officers ~vishing to visit
t he city were instructed to apply to Capt. BUV~E'S scrvalit
a t the gate-way leading t o Genl. Avitabile's lioosc~, for
persons acquainted with tlie tow~i, to attend thenl. 'l'ller-
n~omet cr 3 P. N. 68'.
11th Nov. Tlierlliometer 5 A. nr. 50n.-Accounts came
in that t he convoy had arrived at Ali Musjid, and the grairi
had been thrown into t he fort yesterday afternoon; but
t hat on t he return, t he I{hyberees llad attacked the party
and carried off 4 or 500 camels. Lt . F. Mackeson, tlie Pol.
Asst, who accoulpanied t hat party lost all his property.
There w; l ~ a Regt, of Siklrs with this party, ~vllo, inllue-
cliately the I<hyberecs made tlie atti~cli, ran off and never
stopt till they got ont of the Pass; this n~i sconduct of tlae
Silths threw t he whole into confusion: The loss of tlie
camels was serious, RS me coulil not sl ~ppl y others, and
ruuch crippled our lneans of transport ; having lost, before,
(15) They di d not entar, but were kept near the month of the
Pass, ready to advance if reqnirod.
(1G) The infi~ntry wore directed to tnke 30 rou~ids of Ammn, in
pouch, and 70 rounds in reserve.
1
Loss of Camels, 4c. 327
1,300 out of 3,100 cnmcls s i ~ ~ c e rvc IcR C;~Lool. Theniio-
lucter 3 P. &I. 760.
141h 1Vov. Tlier~i~onletcr 5 A. &I. :i'l0.--Tliis morning
marchetl ;I Dett. consisti~lg of the tlriifts proccetling t o join
the 2nd Kiiropena Itcgt., one Coy of sappers anrl miners,
(17) Cnpt. Frcl~me~'s two Cos. 2l s t PIT. I., t l ~ c two COS. of
tllc 20th N. I. i~ntl Ci~pt, 1' ~olc' s Uctt. of tlr;ifts for the 9t h
Cos. of Regts., to reinforce tlie giuriso~l of Ali Mt4sji4 ilnd
t o liold it till the i~rli\vill of the 37tl1 ant1 48th Regt. N. I.
nnder Lie11t.-Col. Wheeler, from Jellalabild. The 111fa1ltry
to Lnlre 200 T O U ~ Z ~ S per illail (40 ill POILCII), a i d eight diiys'
provisions.
Memo. " The Govr. of Peshawer has reqncstetl it might
be i~~tillinted to the troops, thnt 11e cauiiot be responsi-
ble for tlie snfety of. officers going ont of c a ~np to
slioot, 1111less they apply to lliri~ for a giiard." (18) Ther-
mometer 3 P. &I. 85'. Dr. A. C. Go~doqz, Pol. tlsst.,
joined the Hd. Qrs. for the purpose of r~cconlpanyilig tlie
troops through the Punjab. The party sent the secontl
time, took n quantity of ainniunitio~l for the troops i ~ t Ali
Musjid. They sacceetled in this object, but on their return
were ilttircked, two officers were wounded niltl several men
l<illed and wo~~~l det l . Lieut. N. Mncleod, Engilieers, mz~de
R p l l ; u ~ t cllarge 11p il hill slid drove oB tlie IChyhcrees. (ID)
Tlie Dett. of Xuropcans (63 ~ueu) alolle fired 3,000 rounds.
5. 21111 Nov. 1839. Tl~ermometer 5 a. hr. 54O.-'l'lie
I-Id. Qrs. changcd ground to tlie E. of Pesharver, camp, dis-
(17)
Setit on both occ:~sions, as me h:~d so littlo infitrttry ~ i t l t the
two cobimns ; tjvo guns were sent on in the i~ftcrnoot~ to join the iibove
Dett.
(18)
' I Officers Corng. Regts. directed to con~rnutlic~rte with Cnpt.
Rrcvr~, ant1 obti~in from lrini parties of Siklr I~orsemert, \vile11 they, or
thoir officerfi i r e desirous of going from cnn~p."
\Ve never suffered iuty inconve~rience from tile people on any occasion.
(19)
Cilpt. lJr. A'. Prole, 37th N. I. \r.:ls shot i ~ t thc :ir1n, and Lt.
3. 8. Jfacildrcllen, 1st Eoropean Itegt. a;ls shot in the tltigl~. l'\vo
Europeit~rs i 11t d sever:tl sepoy~ wore Itilletl, and se\~crirl weru \rounded.
The snppers t~r~cl miners suffered tho most.
t;,Ilt frolll tllc city 9: Illilcs. Crossctl ir streall1 ill)Oilt a nlile
filllll l)csllil\yrr, :llsr) solnr \rater-coorscs, nnrl t\vo bl-itlgcs ;
1 1 ~ ~ . lIl.itlgc to tllr left of t l ~e roiltl tlestroyecl, t he :lrclles el l t i l . ~.
~l~~ I - i yl , r to t i l e S. To-(lil!. Lt. -Col. FV/~eek).'s Dell;., tnro
gul l s? i , l l t l Yi t , l l illl(] 48th N. I. irrri\lctl : ~ t Ali ;\lIusjicl. 7 %~
.-
~ i ~ ~ t , - ~ ~ l , ~ ~ ; l ( l I,ee11 di~-ectccI to 111ilrcI1 ~ I I t he I<hybc?.ee
r i ~ ~ l t o l l l ~ ~ r ~ ~ t of Cl~oo~cth, i l ~st ei ~t l of col ni l ~g dil.ect ; b11t Ilis
llIiIl-C']l \viIs ( - Ol l l l t C' r ~i ~i ~~~ded. (20) l'11rr111o1i1eter3 1.. 31. 79'.
21sl i\.'ol.. l'llennolneter 5 A. XI. 44.-Lie~lt. I ~ ~ C ~ S O ) L
r c *l ~~r t r t l tl~;lt 11c csl)~ct, etl t.lle IUzybe~ chiefs t o c o ~ n c ill ;IS
~l c. ~, . oci i ~t i o~~s rrrrc I)ei~hg enteretl iuto. Ter l ns were agreed
I I t i I e i ~ g ( I ) 'I'l~errl~orl!eter 3 P. M. 75'.
.,.I L I I ~ :Voc. ' l ' l ~e r ~~~c ! l ~~t ~t e r 5 A. XI. 4!2.-TI~(: I <I ~yl ~er ces
I~rolit! ~ l ~ c t treaty l l ~ey hiid c?l~teretl into. Lt.-Col. fiVldeele?".s
Ut.t.t. \\.as to I ~ave ~r~ilrclietl to Cl ~oor ah; but o~vi t l g t o
pt!~(li 11s ~legociiit ions, ~ v i ~ s dirrctetl to move otl AU ilfu6jid.
0 1 1 ill[: 19t,11 Nc~velllber~ i t elltered the Pilss iilltl m; ~~. chcd
to JAur~tlcc I<hi111i1. AII ; ~t l r al ~ce pirrt,y of 43 Inen (37tl1
r
i111tl :1Htl1 ATT. I.) \vitll the Qr. Mr. Serjlts. of both corps,
\Y:lS ilttil('k~d, 011 cleilrillg i l Puss, at dily-bre:lb, by ilt I cl l ~t
500 I I I CI I .
TIIC C I I ~ I I I J ~ Wiis I I I O S ~ ~~~l I i 111t l y rtbl>111~e<!, t111i1
tllricc c.l~:~rgccl wit11 the 1):1yollet, ; I I I ~ ultimiltely tlrivell off,
rr illlout the loss of any t l ~ i ~ ~ g . The cool n ~ ~ t l t l i ~r i r ~g
rol1r;igc of Qr. Mr. Serjt. bI'allace, 48tll N. I., was most
c~t ~~s pi cu~) us . 'I'l~e 37111 N. I. hirtl three sepoys liilletl, t wo
11iliclis rind t a o sepoys rvou~~tletl. Tile 48t h N. I. olle
"1)oy \rrnu~~tlctl. T\\lo Cos. 37th N. I. mere scllt roulltl tllc
llills t o try to cut off their retreat, nllll 50 ll,elr \\,ere
~ ) I ~ ~ I C ' C I 111) il 11iIl 1111der L~ ~ LI L. H. Pr12,nel; 4Ytl1 N. I. ; ; u ~ d
the el1enly \rrcre tll-ivel1 (1f.f.
0 1 1 tll(! 231'tl No\.. the Lieut.-&l. ll~:lrclle(l for Ali
P '
~~l u$ ( ! , n'it.11 tllc Fd. COI I I SS~. treasure, and about 3,000
ciilllels. 0 1 1 his arrivi~l tllere, 11e i~ssullletl colllnlilllrl of iLll
the troops.
('a) .As r ~t . ~1fnclceso)r w ~ s negoci;rting wit11 the chicSs. Rat,, i t wi t s
f~llllrl, also, tl111t the cross-ro~id frc~li~ Je1l;tl:rl);id r v i ~ s 11ot ir ~IIII-roiitl.
One ~4 the cnrrlsgen uf the guns (the Shitll's) b~olic tlown.
(91) 'I'lley proniined, I belie~rc, to restore the prol)erty stolon.
I
KI1yber Pass.
Negotiations were being carried on, but the tops of the
hills close outside camp were covered with large bodies of
the enemy. Tlie troops halted on the 21st ; negotiations
still going on ; late at night i t was i nt i ~nat ed by Capt.
Mnekeeon, that the chiefs (of Clioorn and other chiefs,
between Ali Musjid and the Junlrood side) had acceded to
the terms; but that they were not to be trusted. The
cattle had beer1 witliolit forage for two tlnys, and i t wnrj re-
solved to march for Junlrood next niorning.
22nd Nov.-The Dett. nlarcl~ed at 7 A. ni. The hills
were, on every height, covcred with people. The chiefs
had promised to assemble with the more ir~fluential of their
followers, to prevent arly infi*nction of the treaty. They
were waving flags demonstrative of il~nity. The Dett. hild
nlarched about 4 miles, when it mas halted to close op the
baggage. Two parties of 20 inen each fi,om the two corps,
were placed at a point wl~icll covcred a broad ravine in which
F
and its neigllbourhood, a great inany llad ;issembled ; but
still preserving every appearance of being friendly, telling the
people to move 011 wiftliout feilr ; tliat no one would hurt
thcm. The Dett. had scarcely nlovcd, when a most treit-
cherous attack was mi~de on the baggage. (23) The Lt .
(22) The camels wero taken 111) t l ~e mvi l ~o ;rlreatly mentioned, an11
smother leading towards Cl~oora. 'L'llo camcls wore n;ostly I ~nn~st r ung;
most of those t hat were not, were rocoverad. Tllc birygige on the dis-
abled cnmels fell into the enolny'e Iiat~ds ultimately, as, tl~ougli secor-
ed nt the time, there wns no nlenns of removing it. Several officers
and men lost every thing. Of the 91 c;imela lost, t here were l i b
Govt., Rewareo (hired) 38, and 39 privste. Some young sepoys of t he
37th N. I , usod their bayonets, and killed severalof the I<liyberees. The
2 Europeans were killed wllile pul~srling t l ~ e Ilhyberees t o recover some
bnggage; but they were not engnged on t he nbove occasion. Lieut.
Collinron was afterwards killed a t Pooslroot on tho 18th Jan. 1840,
and was R most galliint officer. Whorl Cl~pt. Muckeroit'r baggage was
carried off some dnys before during one of the attuclcs, he had, as Asst.
Pol. Agent, n Tos1ruk-1il1anu (or Toshu-kchanu) or wardrobe (in which
honornry dresses, &c. are Itopt for presents); t he womon who were on
the heights nre supposed to h:we l ~rged the men to l~loncler t he loaded
onmels; hoping to got some more. The Khgborees, l~omover, wero
2 u
Coy. 48th 9. I. w:tr tllrown up the height, took the enemy
i l l fl:,lik, id drove them off. The scpoys ;it tlie ravine,
though hotly opposed, pnrsoed, recovered and bl*ouglit OK
lllosl of tlle camels.
T-Iaring full confidence ill the Nnlive troops, the Lieut.-
Colonel dcterniinetl not to elllploy the ~ u r o p e n n Dett.,
unless :rs a lasl resource.
The Lieut.-Colonel reported that thc rear gui ~r d under
(late) Lt. Collinson, 37th N. I., and the Lt . Coy of thnl Regt.
under Lt. Steer, Lt. H. Pal mc~, (48th N. I.) Dett. Staff,
L1. IJcscIE, (Adjt.) and Lt. Thomns, 48th N. I., who com-
manded pnrtics, bel~nverl with great gallan try. Lieu t. AT.
~WacleorJ, u~i l h n Dett. of sappers and mincrs, ulitliout
orclers, followed tlie Lt . Coy. 4Sth N. I. and gnvc gi-eirt
assistniice. The ivliole of the troops behaved exceedingly
well. The Licut.-Colonel ;rlso highly praised thc conduct
of Capt. J. Paton, (58th N. I.) A. Qr. Mr. Geiil.
I
The European Dett. had one Serjl. aild one private killed.
T
Thc 37th Pi. I. had three killed, one ~i ai ck and four sepoys
I
xvounded. Tlie 48th N. I. one I-Iavr. oile ~laick, and sixteen
sepoys mounderl. Tolal fivc killed, and 23 mouiided. Of
tlie eiieiiiy eight eel^ killed were counted in one spol. 91
camels wcre lost. Tller~lloiiieter 3 P. &I. 7G0.
6. To Pzc?)bcc, 12 n~iles, (23rd Noveulber, 1839.)-Ther-
nioueter 5 A. ai. 46".
Marched at 6 A. 11. We had moved
3 miles from Peshawer on lhe 20th inst. Tlie road fro111
Pesliamer bad been laid under water to prcpare the fields
for tlie plough. (23) The crops of liidia~l corn on t he
ground were illost luxuriniit, and the villages had a few
scattered trees near them. The ro:rd from last calnp was
due E. over a country covered wiLh cultivation in most
Y
parts. The soil was of tlie finest garden inould. The
severely he~ldled ; and have been more cantioos ever since : nnd I doubt
much, if they could be, ns some say; rooted o ~ t : 20,000 armed men
in their own I~ills, are not to be so easily pat down ; and zultcrc are the
troop8 l o con~efiom ?
(=I Very little rain f dl 8 in this country, and several crops .are
raised during the yeur by irrigation.
I
eonntry is well watered, as me crossed n river about half-
\\ray, being the third, since leaving Pesliawer. (24) Soille
cnnlels can-ied off nl this ground, but recovered. The
Cabool river 4 or 5 miles N. W. of ctrmp.
Thern~omet cr
3 r. M. 6G0.
A Menzo, in G. 0. ( <The smortl of t l ~ e Govr. of Ghuznee,
is now ill the hands of the Prizc Agents, and will be sold
for t he benefit o l the Captors, by itnction, 011 t he arrival
of the I-Itl. Qrs. at Fetozpoor, ulhicl~ will probably be about
t he 7t h Jan. next." (25)
T o ATousAero, I):i milcs, (24th Nova)-il\/Iaiqchctl at tlny-
break, t he roild first par1 ralher sandy for 2 01. 3 miles.
Thc midtllc part good, tlie 1:~st p:rrl i l little stony. AL
nboul 4; nlilcs oil the l efl is a circnlnr loop-lloletl building.
At abo~l l 7 miles Illere is :~notlicr. (26) About 11;llf ;L mile
bcfore renchi~ig Nousllera, 011 tlie lefl, arc tlle r u i ~ ~ s of an
old cni~loninent. Mi l r ~ l l ~ d t l i r o~~gh the bazar to cnlllp S. E.
clislant ;t mile, on the right b:lnl< of t l ~e rivcr wl ~i c l ~ runs
N. W. to S. E., and has a bend lolver rlowl~ to N. E. A low
range of hills N. TV. to S. E., on ~vliicll tliere is table-lnntl.
(27) The fort, here, l o the riglit of the village of Nonslier;~,
was built by Ifcnl. Avitnbile. 11 has four bnstiolls, ai ~t l
tlouble rows of loop-holes. (28)
(2.1.)
To t he left of the roncl, S rt~ilcs fror11 tlic I:lst cnlnp, t l ~c r c are
distinct remrrins of a cnnrrl, near n ~virllccl vill:~gc, ~):u.;~llel to tho road
for sorae miles. At rrbout e miles crossetl the dry Iletl of ir nullr111. ' l' l~crs
were se~fernl villages autl c111mps of trees, on both si~lcs of t he ro:ld.
'l'he Persian wl~eel is used a t t l l u wells.
, (9.5) 'l'l~e slvorcl wits &timed By Sir J. I~~: : ( LLIIc as n qsigllt, mhiol~ lrns
displ~ted, i t wnsn~ntlo over to t l ~ c E~l voy iir~rl AIi ~~i st er pc!ntiitrg I I refer-
ence, t he allsl\,cr to n~lriul~ cnusecl the iPicr~/o.
'1'11e t~clilj' in tllu s;111:
w;ls to give tile U O ~ I I ~ I I ! ~ colunln, and t he onicers i ~ t C;rl)ool, &c:. time lo
write to get sonre one to bid for ~ I I C I I I .
(26)
l ' l ~ese have been built by t he C:ovcrl~or of I' OS~IILRCI- as l)t~li~:u
stations.
(27) Tl ~ese Ilills rim from l'e~lli~svar l o OIII- rigllt ;,I1 t l ~ e tvi~p, ;III(I
arc infestcd by (Ilr~cttrrk) robbers.
( 28) SiagIe ill the willls.
2 1J 2
011 tlie otlier side of the river is tlie ton~ii of Woushcrn,
tile ficlil of battle between R1111jeet Singh and the Eusuf ~yes
i l l 1823, in whicli t he Siltlis gained the victory. There is a
lo\v range ofhills beyond the tow11 of Noushera, where there
;ire graves \vliicli mark the scene of action. Sir A. B?drnes
states, (29) '( I-Io (liu~~eet Si~zglt) here encountered the
Affglla~is for tlie last time; but their chief, Aaeem I'han,
was separated from the greater part of his army by the river
of Cabool. The Sikhs defeated the divisions on tlie opposite
side" (left bank) iilaiiily t l l ro~~gl i the persolla1 courage
of R~injeet Singh, who carried n hilloclt with his goards,"
(Akalees) "from which hie otller troops had three times
retreated. Azeenl I<han, of Cabool, fled without encoun-
(29) Burnes, Vol. 11. p. 73, 2nd etlitior~. I n Ja~nunry 1893, Runjeet
Sing11 having desired filahon~ed Aaeetn Kl ~nn to resign ill1 cl~lims to
Cashnreer, Ite (Dust 33trl1orned's eldest brother : ~nd Governor of Cirbool)
had ad~nncet l f r on~ Pesl ~nn~er to Nouslrer;~, wlrile Mrtl~omed Zeninn
1<11:1rr nit11 4,000 Ghitzees (crusiriler~) was pasted on t he opposite 01. left
banlc of the river. Maltirr~tjith R~t nj eet Singlt, ~ 1 1 o 11:rd about 24,000
Sikhs, nttnclced tlre Ghnzees mitlr n 1:rrg.e pyrtiun of t hem; Maho-
med r\xeen~ IChxn iultl M:rllon~ed Z~ I I I ~ I I I I<hnn being sepn~.irted I)y the
river, the former coultl r ~ot cross tlre river to assist t11e lntter. Numbers
of Mithometli~l~s \rere slrrin ; and Wahutnecl Zemnn Khnn fled iiud joined
hlrhomed Axeen~ ~<I I I I I I wit11 a few snrvivors. l' he principirl rlknles
(Sikh) goneri~l was killed. Rtrnjeet Singh urged t he Akirlees to nialce
n lnst attack, and finish the bi~ttle, ns night wns coming 011.
Encournged by their defeat, lconmar Sl ~e r Sing11 attncked t he Sirdar
(Mahomed Azoen~ IZhn~r), :rnd a general battle enstled, but night soon
-
coming on, 110th parties retired from the field.
hlnl~omed Aeeem Khan proposed t o Dost Mnhomed Khnn and Yar
Mnhomed Khan, to attack t he right f l ~~nl z of the enemy, while a t t he
same time Habeeboollirh ILhnn, Vale Meer .4kbnr, and Futeh I\lnhomed
Khnn, shottlil charge the l eft ; but Dost II.I(~homerl Khnn and Yar
Mnhon~ed Kl ~ao, ditl not npprove of the proposal : nlnhomed Azeem
Khnn, finding 11imself helpless, con~mitted I ~i s nrtillery t o t he care of
Dost Mnhonzed IClran and Yar Mal~omed Khnn. They retired in t he
d:trlzness of the night, i ~nd sent al l their troops t o Peshnwer. Th e
Sirdnr (Mnhomed Aaeom Khan) then assembled his nrtillery and fled
tn Peshnner. 'I'he enerny hung on ancl annoyed his rear till he entered
the city. He proceeded t o Cirbool, where 110 ehortly nftervviirds died.
F
tering tlie successful army, which had partly crossed t he
river to oppose him."
The 2nd Col un~n marched froin Peshnmer this morn-
i ng; joined by t he two Cos. 20th N. I. Tl~ernlolneter
3 P. M. 7G0.
To Akornh, 12 miles, (25th Nova)-Thermometer 4 A. M.
50". The rond rougli a ~ ~ d stony, i~ltersected by nunlerous
dry nullahs and deep ravines, cut by t he rains, tr~ld dri ~i ni ng
the water fro111 tlle country into tlie Cabool river. Though
the road ran close by the river for some distance, there
was little cultivirtion to be seen, till we came near tlle
village of Altorah, where there iu a table-land of the finest
mould, whicli was under irrigation. (30) The village, built
of white stone with mud cemelit, is of a good size. It has
it stone square, tlle walls of which are closely pierced
with loop-holes. Tlie camp was 24 miles X. of Akorah.
Thermomctel. 3 P. M. 7Go.
r
T o Allok, miles, (26th Nov.)-Thermometer 4 A. M.
46". The first part of the road tolerably good. At 5 miles
.crossed the bed of a hill stream. Then entered a narrow roncl
running througli low hills. At 6 miles entered the Geedu~
Gullee (31) detile, of about two miles in length. Fronl
(30)
Several Persion wheels were a t work, and therc were numerous
vegetables of the freshest green. Th e crops were just risingout of t h e
gr o~~nd, wIricl~ ~~r cvent ed the camp being near the sillage.
(3 1)
Litel-idly tlre " Jfick(cl'8 i'arx," i. e. figorstively, so narrow a s
anly to otlmit of n jilckal: gulec meaning, a p:~ss, or wily ; we were
obliged to pilss s i ~~gl y. I t was 111)out 7 miles from t he l r ~s t ground.
The G. 0. directed t he Asst. Sn g g ~ g e Mr. to proceed and post hi s
r'
p;,rty nt :ln er~rly Irour, at the entrance to t he defile, t o prevent nny
wheeled-cnrringes entering it, till t he troops l ~nd moved through it.
Ci~mels were to be allorved to file t l ~rough it singly.
I t is very nitrrow, ten or twelve feet in some plnces, with rat her
I
high rind broken 11ill~. There are two ascents and descents in it. At
the end of it, on r lrill to t he right, is ;i small fort overlooked by t he
higher hills; here the road turns to tho l ef t ; b l ~ t there is anot her
straight on passing under t he fort.
The officer Comg. the nrlvtince guilrd, was directecl to leirve a (letnil
.of Lnncers at the entrnrrce to thc bridge across tile river, t o prevent
334 The Brio'ye nad Tort
tile llills 011 the left, is a comluanding view of tlie C'abool
ri\fcl; rn1111ing into the ~ Z ~ U S . A mile fi.om the bridge otl
the left side of t he road is a large Baolee. (32) The
bridge over the IncEus a t the -4ttolc. (33) The britlge was
all excellent one and was constructed with 24 boats. (34)
The fort of Attok is on the left bank; there is auother
on the right bank at I<hyr:rbad, opposite to t he fol-~ncr;
both are con~mnnded by the neighbouring heights. l1.
M.'s let11 Li ~ncers crossed the bridgc n~ouiited. 'llhe town
is contained i11 t he fort of Attok, which is not ;r strong
place. Fro111 the britlge the road to our camp passed u~l der
the fort over the deep sandy bed of the river; at the end of
the range on ~vhich the fort stands, the road to ciLlllp tiirl~etl
to the right. Theruloiueter 3 P. IU. 74 . Solile officers,
on the ;~ppIicirtion of Dr. Gordon, t he Asst. Pol. Agent,
any cr ~~\ r i I i ng among t he cattle, nntl t o see t hat they followed e;tch
other \ritll rcgul;~rity across t l ~ e britlge. (See t he note on t he passago
of the britlge of boats over tlle Intlus t o J'uklc~~r on t he 15th l'el). 1839.
Clrilpter 11.) ' I' l~e plan i s illmirys to keep an open s1)aco between t he
bridge, and t he c;tttlu.
(33)
A well with a fl i gl ~t of stells going down to i t ; some have 100
s t e p d o t l ~em.
(33) Or G L Uiuk." Prevelitioa, or obstacle. ' I' l~e name of n river.
I n former times, Hindoos were snit1 to be prol~ibited by t hei r religioii
fro111 crossing t he Indus a t t he Utuk, t he direct road fro111 IIi ~i t l ost an;
this, 1 believe, was u ~lrlalron~erlun p1a11 of policy inve~itetl by some poli-
ticnl bramins, to keep t he Hindoos fro111 leirvilrg tlieir cou~i t r y.
(34)
I n 1837, there were onl y 17 bo~rts used ; t he number dopelitls
upon the senson. ?'he Sikh Govt. build i t ann~~nl l y, i ~f t er t he ri~iliy
senson, nboat the 90th of Octoher. ?'he river is very ral)id \vllere t l ~ e
bridgeis formed. Tlie rontl-wi~y of tho bi*idge was coveretl wit11 n~ritl ililtl
strnw over the pl~uilcs. '1'110 i1nc1iol.s to the boirts nre ~ n i ~ d e of rvootle~~
f~.flme-\rorIi, and filled with stones, wei gl ~i l ~g 2.i c\ r t , e ; ~c l ~. 'I'lle j ~ ~ l ~ c t i o ~ l
of the Cabool river witli the 111dus \\,ilS :r grand sight. 'I'he 111dus runs
i n severirl stiSe;~nls ur ~t i l it is joined by t he C~rl)ool river, 1vhe11 it rusl ~es
past tlie fort lilce a torrent. Tlle river coat ri ~ct s i n t he cold season.
'rlrere :Ire ni l ~e fords, all except two . s ~~i d to be aveilable every yein;
but only to bodies of Inell ; 0111~ three ;Ire properly hrtlal)le ;rsjlic,cfc:et
is too deop n ford. The 111d~s has been fortle~l by Shulb Zcman, :tlitl by
K~mnjeet Si ngl ~; but tlre 1;ttter i s anid to have lost 7,000 nlcn i n efl'ect-
illg tlie pilssitge; but it wi ru 6 miles l~iglrer lip t he ri ~~el :
t o tlie Govr., went in tlie afternoon t o see the fort ; and
fou~l d tlie people very civil. Tl ~cr e are plunderers near
Attolr called IChuttults.
2718 Nov. Halt. Thermolneter 5 A. M. 46O.-The 2nd
Colnmn, uncler Major-Genl. TIdackwell ~nirrched in this
moniing. Therrnollleter 3 P. al. 76".
S l i d Slioo,jah l o s ~ his throne aftel. tlic battle of Neemla,
(1809) ; during his subseque~lt flight, Maharajah Runjeet
Singh offei.ed him Attolc as rr place of refuge. This
was an act of gratitude renderecl, 110 doubt, to Zeman Shah
(the brother) who had left Peshawer with the females of
t he royal family7 on Sl ~nh Slioojali's marching from it, and
had entered the Punjab: Zeman Shah had, when king of Aff-
ghanistan and i n possessiotl of tlie Punjab, niade Runjeet
Sing11 liis viceroy at Lahore. Runjeet obtained posseseio~i
of Attok, after the battle of Chuch in 181 1.
CHAPTER XVP,
THE hlARCFI OF HEAD-QUARTERS FROM A'ITOIC TO FEROZPOOR.
1. Attok to Slturnsal~ad, 9% niilcs, (28th Nov. 1839.)-
Theriiiometer 4 A. nr. 40. Tlie first part ratlicr sandy for
2 or 3 n~iles, crossing two dry water-courses. Passed two
small villages within 4 miles. Passed over much fine
arable 1;rncl. Camp E. of the village ; there is another
village N. E. of Shums:~bad, ancl of the salllc size (300
houses) ; both built on mounds. Tlie I-Iimalnjras arc seen
+
t o the N. E., and the Casliii~eer range below them. Ther-
mometer 3 P. M, 76'.
To Boorldan, 13 miles, (29th Nov.)-Thermometer 4 A, nr.
340. The road Iny a little to the S. of E. The road first part
good ; at 2nd t o 3rd mile rather sandy. At 3rd lliile a small
village. At 5 miles cross the sandy bed of n stream, beyond
rvhich, on the right, is n Puqueer's house. Cultivation here
and there near the road, aiid villagcs in the distance. At 7
miles the road rrliis through so~lie ravines, for a mile. At
8 miles cross t he IIarroo river, n slnnll, clear st;rcanl, (1)
3 feet cleep, ~vliich has consitlcrable vclocity ; 1-i inile
further cross a ~vater-conrse : 2 i~liles further on is a iinllall
of some depth with stcep ba~ilts. Ciunp E. of Boorlian.
I* a Tlrern~omcter 3 P. nz. 7S0. There was 110 grass hcre.
To Palt, 8 miles, (30th Nov.)-Tliennoii~etcr 4 A. ar. 330.
Tlie road lay priilcipally tlirongli n jungle of Byr, (2)
and thorny shrubs, f ~i l l of gullies, and rirvines, m ~ d 11Iilliy
tunls to the S. and N. of E. for about 3 milcs, ~ v h e ~ i
the Cl~anzlalt river is crossed, abont 60 yards wirlc and 3 feet
(1)
Sixty yards witlu, I)ut nt sonic scirsu~~s i n~~s t bc [lcop n ~ i d nidu.
(2)
Ucr, or I!gr, n \vild ~) hrrn.
a s
(lccl). (3) Tlre rnnd t l l e ~~c c E, for n milc t hrough
ravilrcs. At G ulilcs Hnssnn Abtlool ir sniall vi l l age; mil?
br!-olltl cross thc Dl~oonzrnli, n srrinll streiun ne a r camp t o
tile E, of V;r11. (4) We nJerc 11o\v ill il n-ell cul t i v; ~t et l villlejr,
surroulltlctl by co~~si der abl e Ilills, (5) over w l ~ i c l ~ t he snowy
-.-
peaits of the IlinlaI:~yn are seen. Th c n n o me ~e r 3 P. ar. w.
'Yo Junee-ha-Sung, 14 ~niles, (1st Dee.)-Thermoinctcr
5 , 1 , 3 . The roirtl (6) mwched over t o- day ~ v a s the
ronghest Ire I~atl yet trnvcllcd. The ascent considerable
o\.cr bnrc rocks, tliu~gcrous for 11rall or beast, if they ~ui sscd
their footillg. Tller~ue the courltry more oper1; clircctiol~
E. At Iinlf-~rny is tlle Kalre-In-Sernee, bef or e ~. e; l cl ~i ng
1rI1icI1 on the left is a lilrge Biiolee wit11 100 st eps. Her e
the road t unl s to the rig111 or S. (if E., wit11 br oken ground.
Ilellce t11ro11gll a low, thin, B y jungle. At 8 uliles is a
stonc bridge (7) over the Icillee river, a deep stream, t hc~l ce
brolten grorrllll on eirch side, and lorn julrgle. A t 10 nliles
tllcre is a stonc ciiuseway (8) of some ext ent , beyond
7
this Inally rnvirles, so tlcep arlil narrow, t h a t only onc
cnlllel could pass. (8) Th e road t h e ~ ~ c e t hr ough n r at her
(3)
Some pl:~ces deep 011 ench side of the t n o fords-t he second
ford $ n~i l e to tllc left of t hat by t he road.
(-1.) Much cultivation bettveen Hus ~~r r Abdool, a n d Vah. 011 t he
~i g l l t of tho road near Bith is Fuqucer's house in t he rai sed villnge,
aher c tllcre is n stone with t he mark of t he hand of l Vnnuk , (nclme
of n lcuq~lecr, f o ~~n d e r of the sect of Siltlis.) I t is s:ricl t11:it a 1n1-ge
rock fell from heaven, and thrlt he put u p the back of hi s )land, : ~nd
illus by the \\,eiglrt of the stone was tlm ~n:rrlc on t h e st one caused!
An Incliirn ~r oul d exclaim, wnlr! wnh ! (n~onderful). 'I'l~o i gnor ant
belicvc ill these stories.
( 5 ) All round, except t o the N. IV. III the N. : ~ncl S. t hey a r c
:tbout a mile between.
I n the lrills to t he N, t here is ;I wl ~i t e pul i l c: ~
?-
building.
(6) 'l'here nre two roads, t he left, or lo\ver, for I ~ncl cer ~i ~s . l'lre
right road i~bo\,e, 12 to 19 feet wide; bot l ~ roads are n:lrrow, nnd b:td
for 900 yards. A hill to t he right, : ~nd t o tlle lcf't low gr ound.
I I
(7) An old bridge, t he road-way in very b:ld or der , only i r ~ p a r t
pas~al ~l e.
(8) Called " illargullee."
I t is pa\.ed wit11 large s t one s nrrcl 1111s
parapet&, to the sides. I t is a b o ~ ~ t 250 ycluds long, a n d i n thc c e nt r e
1l:lr n tarn t o Ole left.
tlrick j ui i gl e, a n d very storiy. C;riilp S. E, of Ji l nee-ka-
Sung, af t er c r os s i ~i g tlrc Bnboudrn river. Tl i erni oal et er
3 nr. 720.
G. 0. (c T h e pract i ce of breaki ng dornll hedges a n d
r emovi ng t hor ns fro111 t hem for burni ng is prolribited, a ~ ~ d
t h e l' rovost S e j t . i ~ l t l Asst. Bi i ggage hl r. , will i r~fl i ct sui n-
l nnr y p u n i s l ~ n ~ e n t OII t h e spot, 011 :uiy canip-follower i n-
I'riiigiiig t hi s orclcr, t o be procli~imecl by beill of t om-t om i n
t h e di fferent bazars."
To Rowul IJitzclee, 1331 miles, (2nd Dcc.)-l'lrermoi11etcr 5
A. nr. 31. T h e j ungl e iuld rnvines rendcred i t diWcl11t t o g e t
o u t of c a mp i nt o t he road, tlre first 6 miles of wl ~i c h are ful l
of raviiics, na r r ow a nd di f i cl ~l t , obl i gi ug t l ~ e caiiiels and eirt-
t l e t o pass t hr o~i gl i singly. T h e count ry t o t he l eft i s lorn
wi t h di s t a nt villages. A t 7 iliiles cross t he st ony g l u t of
t h e See2 (or, Chehul Jungee) river. I t is p; ~rt i al l y dry. The
gl i nt b a d f or hncl i eri es ; not f ar hence on t he r i ght is a tlry
t i u ~k , on t h e left 4 nlile beyond it is anot her t a l k filled wi t h
wat er . (9) T o t h e r i ght t he count ry low, and di st nut vil-
lages. Cr os s ed t h e Leh river, illid encilmped N. of t he to\vn
of RawuZ l'indee. I t i s a lilrpc t own surronndcd wi t h walls
wit11 bast i ons, a n d ha s ;ul ol d cast l e from whi ch it sulute oj '
four y uns (10) was fired. I t is a celebraled pl ace for oltl
coi ns. (11) Th e r e i s a house here, built, Si r A. Bzwnes
We nlet Mrs. (now Lndy) Alnozuylrlcn en route to join Sir \ V. IT.
31. at Jellalitbad, witlr Lieut. Conolly and Dr. Bcrwiclr.
'I'l~ey had a
great convoy of camels, iind ils they were riiarclring one wny rrnd ~ v u
;~notliel; there mas great co~ifusio~i, ilnd delity in the irrri\fal of our
bnggage.
(9)
These tanks are 80 to 100 yards square, and tlie sitles are
faced wit11 round stones.
(10)
Thc Sililis have curious rrlles for. fiiving s:lllrtes; they fire
three glirrs for a Colonel.
Else\vlrere Sir J. ICua~ie 1i11d the co~lipli-
xnent of 17 guns; but tllcre is JIO regular force here; alrd tlie poor
Govr, lcrielv ~ i o better.
(11)
' I' lio~~gh I I O iuitiquarii~n and unlearned in coins, I would atlrise
cnut i o~~ in buying these coir~s, :rs they ;Ire often ~nudeJor lire 9rrco.lxt. A
friend of ~iliiie got i~ C;rcelc coin, the Ireid on wliicll w~ls t ol er i ~bl ~
perfccl. 'l'llo gold and silver coir~s ;ire of tllc lirost doi~btf'ul clrilri~c-
t er ; :rnd 1 belkve tllc co1,per coins llnd most cliti~l~ to alltiquity.
2 x 2
340 Hoo~?r~uk-The Tope
states, (12) by the ex-biug of Cabool. Tllerl~lollleter
3 P. 81. 75'.
G. 0.
CC A Duffadar's party of ~ l l e Local Horse will
proceed to-morrow niorning, under the orclcrs of Naeb
1Xussaldar I-lussein Beg, tonrardu tlie Jltaelum river. Tile
Nncb Russirldar ~vill receive his orders from t h ~ D. Qr.
M. Q."
3rd Dec. I-lalt, and the 2nd Col ~unn closed up, iuid
eJlcai~iped on the other side of the river. Thermometer
5, A. >I. 40; 3 P. 31. 64".
2. To Hoormuk, 9 miles, (4th Dec. 1839.)-Thernitr. 5
A. BI. 480.
The r o d passed over much brobcn a11d raviliy
ground. About 1i;rlf-way, to the left, 11ie country is very lorv;
me were on high krblc-lirnd. At about 5 miles llie ravincs
were so deep and narrow that only one camel could ascend
irnd descend at a tinie. 'l'o the river the descent wns so
difiicoll, that a single horsemnn mas alone able t o pass
through tlie dejle. To the plains below, is a descent $
niile long, close to the end of which we crossed the river
Sawun, a stony-bcd, not broad, alld one foot of water.
Our canip was near the village of Hoormnk. (13) Ther-
nlonleter 3 P. 31. 76'.
To Jfuneekyala, 10 miles, (5th Dec.)-Theni~oinele~
5 A. 31. 3(j0. Shortly after leaving cai~ip, tlle road passcd
through ravines for 2 or 3 miles. (14) The coliiitry was
under cultivation, the divisions of the lan(ls are lllarl<ed
(12) 2nd Edn. vol. ii. p, 59. \Ire alighted at t he house which
t he ex-lting of Cabool built in his exile.
It was n miserable hovel."
Mr. Elphinstone states, (vol. i., Introduction, p. 126, 2nd Eiln.)
" While at llawul Pindee, tlle haram overtoolc us, arid with i t came
Slioh Zenlnn." The ex-Icing was Shnh Slioojal~, but I believe he never
lived in it, but Shnh Zerr~nn only. l'his wits t he placo of n~yl ur n offer-
ed by Runjeet Sing11 to Slrcilb Slboojalb, when he lost his tllrone in 1809.
(13)
Hoormulc was about n niilc off; me obtained water froin
a spring between i t nnd our camp.
. (14) The road was very narrow and stony, ;mil tlle crowd of
camel3 an(\ men rendered it difficult t o pass through.
by licdges of tlionis. (15) Tl i e ravines and rlecp c l i i l ~i i i ~
cnused by tlie pcriodicnl r ni l ~s i nade tlie inarcll a t e r l i o~~s one.
At 6 niilcs, oil tlie left of tlie road, is n very l arge Se?.aee,
now quite in n ~i n s , called Cc Rabat-kc-Se~aee." Tl i cre i s
also n t empl e to tllc N. of considerable size. Fr o m tlie
Scraee \\re saw t h e Tope of Muweelcyala. Tl i e count r y
becirme lllorc open as we npproachcd I;he Tope. Our cniiip
was S. of aiicl cl ose to it, i ~ i d N. of t hc village. ?'here is
nnothcr and l arger village of tlie same ntrme N. of t l ~ e Tope.
Tlie Topc i s a circulilr builcliilg ; i t is ;~boul: 60 or 70 feet
11igh from t he t op of t he mo u l ~ d t o t he t op of t he builtli~ig,
whose circuinference i s 375 feet. 11; is arched over, L.hc
out er coat i ng is of plain 'liewii l arge stoiles ; tlie i nsi de
is of r or ~gh stoile a ~ i d 1i1~1d : t here i s i~ well i n tlie cent re.
The s t o~l es ar e al l polished. ( 16) It is erect ed 011 il moi ul d
about 20 or 25 feet high ; a fl i ght of st eps lcntl you to tlie
w
t op of tlie building. Tl i ernl ol net er 3 P. ar. 74".
(16) 'l'lley ninlte no enibanknients, consequently tlte t l ~arny
bushes nro of value in a colllitry producing little wootl. Tho Silil~s
allow all trees to be cut except tlte Seeso (Dol l rargi a Sissoo, Rod.)
usunlly pronou~iced Sissoo ; \\,hiall Ilur~jeet irlwrrys preservetl for grin-
carriages irr~d other i"~1ilit;iry purposes; tile destr~iction of wliicl~ lie
severely punished.
(16)
?'11e difficulty in tlie execution of this worii consists in the
greet size of tlie stones, which it \vould I)e dificult to rolnove fro~n rr
quarry; but tile rnieing ttien~ in the operatio11 of I)~~ilding n~ust
have required ;I superior description of ~nncl~inoi-y than the 7raliues
themselves possessetl more than 2,000 yeilrs ago. Mr. Xlpltinslonc
(\'ol. i., Introduction, 1). 131, 2nd Edn.) s:lys, "' rhere is notl~ing a t
ill1 of n Ni nd o o cllnracter in the appenrnnce of the building ; most of
the party t ho~l gl ~t i t decidedly Grecicm. I t was, indeed, as lilte
Grecian Architecture ns irny boilding wfiicli E~~ropei ~ns, ill ir rerlioto
prwt of tile cotintry, collltl now co~istruct by the h:~ri~ln of uliprilc-
tised native builders. The notive,~ c:rlletl i t the Tope of Alaunicyi~ln,
nntl sriid it was built by the gorls.", l'hcg Iii~ve no tmditioli of tho
b~~i l di ~i g nssig~~ilig it to ii nulive Arcl~itect. Tl ~er e is s toniplo
built of stone nt 0odcel)oor (l,;~t. '31P 05' N., JJOII~. 7.1.- 5'R. )
in the time of 17iwunznclil~crJ who rcignetl before t ho time of thc
C'llristii~l~ Eril, ant1 ns observecl by Rlill, a tile nitme by vrliicl~ cllicfly
T~ ,~c.,.flcc Pukkce, 129 nlilcs, (6t h De c . ) - Tl l ~n l i o e ~e t c l -
5 a. ~ 1 . 4S0,
,'Ile r oad over i\ fine br oad plain for about
-1; llli~cs, wllcnce t her e is a considerable descent t h i ~ o u g h 2~
ravine i l l t o bed of a dr y nul l ah, beyond \vhicll t her e is a
*
*rnnll ~~i l l n g c to the ri ght . Ne a r t hi s t he ravi nes were of gl.ertt
s i ~ e alltl dept h and ver y t o r t ~ ~ o u s . Near calllp calrie t h r o u g h
:I (leup, aarrolrr, ravine, about n ~n i l e ill Icngtli. l ' h e n c e
tlie roitd n. c~i t up t h e bed of t he I<;lsec river, olily o few
iuchcs tlecp, (17) crossi ng whi ch tlie r oad t urri ed up t o the
left, nild t he camp wa s a t A pl ace callccl Mul l , E. of S c r a e e
P ~ k l i ~ e . Ther momet er 3 r. M. 82'.
To Tanleehalr, 141; miles, (7t h Dcc.)-Tllermlr. 5 A. nr.
3s'. Crosser1 t h e ri ver Icasee near c;rmp by descei i rl i l l g
i nt o t he bcd of t l ~ c river. T h e di rect i on to t h e E. At 1%
mile nsceiitlerl a difficult, mi d in places, danger ous raviile-
(1s) This obstacle sur mount ed, t he roiid wa s tolerirble, the
the itlea of the universal sovereignty of India, 2nd of the glory of a r t
7
:ind science is coni1,ined." (hIill's Britisll India, vol. i. p. 45'9.) Of t h i s
building tliey Iri~\fe ;r tradition as to the period, and I presulnc s l i c l ~
vonld liir\.e beon tllc case h;id hIunee1iy;rla been built by :I n;rtive ;
illid tlmt it wils not may be inferred frorn there being no similar builcl-
in@ of nirtive structure.
Sir A. Bul,~it-r (211d Edn. vol. ii. p. 58) s:tlrs, " I t stancls on a spacious
plnin, and t11e "l'ope' is t o be distinguished at a distance of 16 miles.
Vitrious surmises Ilave been tllronn out regnrding tllis site, but I t l o
not Iresitate Lo fix upon it as ' Tu.riEl~,' since 'Arrlan' exl)ressly t el l s
us t l ~at ' il~itt was tlie most populous city belwec?~ tlre Tntlus ant 1
I-lydiispes;' wIric11 is tlie exact position of 31;1nilcy;11ir." Dr. Vincent,
(Voyage of Xearchus,) 1). 10, says, t he rlllolc is T(~;t..ille. See, uote 41.
I t is suppoaed to Iinve been built 11y dlvsn~lrlo to co~nrne~norate h i s
cxl~loits in this pnrt of India.
'I'he 'l'ope rvirs entered from the top by
111. ?i71tllI'fl, n general i l l the service of tilt, Silt11 ~ o v t . , some time clgo,
?
31111 iu tllc ~vell, II gold box, contai~~irig ir bottle of some d;rrk flliid w a s
found, illid illno a grecrt number of GreL.12 coins, : ~nd otller cnriosities.
A piece of pI:~te lilie ;r sirlver, on wl1ic11 "in relief' nns t l ~ e triumpl~ of
13nccl1us, drnwrr ill llis cl~irriot by tigors, and the wheels urged on by
Cupids, &o. ill. Venturn first tried to enter from belo,"; but flrilecl
otxing to the great solidity of the structure.
( I ? ) 'l'he river rn~ist be extensive i n the rains.
(,1H) l'he proper road wils to the left, but sorne l~aclccries having
got to the gorge of the road, could proceed no further, and tile wLolo
count r y fal l i ng t o t l ~c E., i l l a s~~cccssi or l of ~. cgul ; ~r levcls,
11el.e and t her e with tleep ravincs, ant1 rocks prot rudi ng
:ibovc t l ~e snrfncc. At I 1 lliiles dc s c c ~~t l i ng i nt o t he bet1 of
t he Iiasee (19) river a fcm i ~i cl i cs decp, t hen ascended
anot her mvi ne, imd crossi ng t wo or t hree sni al l e~; reached
cant p. T h e village of Dl i umul t was oil t he ri si ng gr ound
N. TV. of o u r (:amp ; mnt er procorcd frorn n spr i ng near t he
village of Boor j ir 111ile S. of camp. Tl i crc wcrc t owers t o
bot h villilges. (20) Ther momet er 3 P. nr. 7 4 O .
T o Bnko+ulu, 92 mi l esj (8th Dee.)-'l'her~non~cter 5 A. ar .
42". \Vitll lnucli t l i l f i c~~l t y a ro:rd, or pi~th-nriiy, was fonntl
down n st eep, st ony, gha t wl i i cl ~ led t o t he river, t h e road
i nt o t l ~ e bcd of which was very nirrrojv a ~ ~ d preci pi t ous; (21)
t hc L; rncers were obliged t o di smount and rnovcd b y t wos
l eadi ng t hei r horses. On t he l eft urns afearful precipice i nt o
t . l ~e bed of t he IL'nsee river. T h e barllcs of t he river, wer e
cliffs of perl)ciidiculirr red mi d grey sand, and its bed was
*
i l arrow and wi l i cl i ~~g. (22) T h e rest of t he ro;ld was t hrough
t l ~ e bed of tlie river to camp, 011 high ground. Th e village
ravino soon became crowded by camels, bullocks, yaboos, asses, mules,
kc. none of \vtiich cor~ld move on, till the hnckeries were passed
tlirougli. The staff went up by n naturirl cattsenVay with fearfltl pre-
cipices on encli side, the Lnncei*s follo\\*cd. 'l'lie wi(lt11 of tlie roatl-
s a y only admittetl of one horseman passing at a time, being in soriie
places itbont 9 feet wide; if nny horse htltl n1;tds a false step I>atli horse
and rider would l~evo been s e r i o ~ ~ s l ~ injured, if not Itilled. One horse
of the L;tncers in getting up a ravine fell, and (lied i l l consequence of
tlte fall.
( 19)
By soine called Bou)lcc; i t is the river \\,e crossed before.
( 20)
'l'liis was tlic largest and worst ninrcli from Ca1)ool. \Vben yo11
got on table-land you looketl hi~clc on the most friglttful ravines ever
seen, tliose irbout tho Chumbr~l river arc 11s notliing in the corol)nrison.
111 sl~cli a colintry, s~onll pirrties cotlld cut up the baggage cattle of an
army iri detail.
(21)
I t only allo\vetl of one camel passing at tr tirne, and was soon
chonked, wl~ile the entrance to tlie descent, for nearly half a mile, \\.:is
crowded with c:rntels, asses, bulloclcs, rnules, kc. I t w:ts clifficult to
pass tl~oni ; ;111d there was n precipice to the lcft.
( 22)
11 sillall body of troops might clefend this spot, irgi~inst a
large force.
7 ~ .
nl,ll,, a lllilc ilistit~~t. (23)
Lolv Ilills on cncll side of
the ri\.rr llnlf a nlilc distant.
Tl~crmometer 3 r. 31. 75".
ll:lt)lfr (sollfill~d cp;rnuncl for i~ calllp.
TO L r ~ ~ h ~ r ~ n ~ j n , S t miles, (9th Dec.)-Tllermometer 5
L
,,. 3,. 4%.
Ttlc road Iny almost duc S. along t he bctl o f t he
r i ~cr , wliicl~ xvns sandy and hcavp it1 nlany places, but opcn
for thc bnggngc cattle. (24) At G mi l cs the Dhnmoyl ri ver
f:ills illto the Rasee, iind in the rains must form a consicler-
:~l)lc stream.
The camp close to t l ~ c bed of thc river.
Th e
~i l l agc close and N. Mr.
Confined gr oul ~d for a camp. (25)
Thc bcd of the river riul aboul N. W. to E. ~. ound camp.
Crosscd the river near canlp. Therulometer 3 P. M. 80'.
Xo village, 01, cultiviition here. Tlie hills were covered wi t h
stuntcd trccs and bnslies ; and some fi ne Oleanders wer e t o
be secn.
3.
To, Rl ~ot as , 82 miles, (I 0th Dec. 1839.)-Thermometer
5 A. a[. 3S". The road lay through the becl of the rivcr,
occnsionnlly crossi~lg sollie spnrs of Iiillv : u~d ravines. Rho- r-
tas was built by Shere Shah, t he Affghan, t he sal l l e
~vho took thc fortress of Rhotns in the province of Behale,
in A. D. 1549 by stmtngem. I t is n ~valled t o~vn ne a r l y
Iliilf nlile lollg, running N, E. to 8. Mr.
The \jralls a r e
of grcitt thick~~css.
I t was in fornler times, a frolltier post.
I t is a place of no strength against Europe;Ln sci ence.
Its site is on a hill of gentle declivity and overloo]ts
(23)
KO wnter in t he bed of t he river e xc e pt small s hal l o~v pool s .
\Ve dug many \rells i n t he bed of t he river; wa t e r close t o t ho s l ~r f a c c .
Kear the village is n \\ell cont:lining the best w;rter i n t h e Pt ~r gnb.
Rurjjeet Sing11 always used t he \\.ator from this well. 'I'he Knsee r i v e r J
here cllnngcd its name to Bukernlee Iilroo?.d, or 1inlrumJ ( or small
?'
Uukeralee.)
(94) There is n road n niile shorter by movi ng st rai ght frorn camp,
on the high bnnk, through the jungle of Dhnlc and gr j ~s s ; but 3 or 46
p1:ices of henvy snnd, between the patches ofj11~1glc.
Tllerc is a ravine hnlf-wny; the road crosses into the bed of the
river 9 or 3 times.
(9s) "he t wo colr~nlns could not have encamped i n mnny of o11r
haltiW-flncea- The ground, here, wns jllngly. 'y}lel.e ar e some Sissoo
trees in the ~lcighbourhood, (see note 15.)
I
river Ka s e ~, (26) the bed of \vhich is ii Pass into tlie strong
col~tjtry betnreeli Lhe ,Jlieelum and Lllc ~i t l ok.
r 1
1 hc ciitilp nus 011 the left bnnlr, K. W. of ltllotns, and N.
W. of ci~litp miis a garden + nlile distant, and a durjah (27)
is just beyontl it,. .I,o\ver down tho river, 011 t . 1 1 ~ right I):rl11~
on wlrich Il hot i ~s st i l ~~t l s, is ii 1,irgc wliitc luosqiie. Tlier-
Jlloilretcr 3 P. 31. 76".
G. 0. CC The Asst. Bagg:rgc-Milster, with a sui t i Jl e
party, will take post at t he ferry (28) early to-nlorrow nlorti-
ing; a~i t l will prevelit t he people cro~vdiug illto the boats."
cC The Provost, Scrjt. will be posted ilt t he Ford, with llis
Dett. and will see t hat tlie camels :ire sent across the river
in t he order they conte up to i t s bimk; and t hat no crowd-
ing is irllowed."
'l'o .Jltcchint, 12 milcs, (11th Dec. )-Tiicr~non~e~er 5 A. st.
40". The ro:id lay through t he bed of tllc river Icasec, for
irbolit 6 miles, when the route tunled to the N. E. iind cross-
T-
ed a well-coltivated country, extending to the bank of the
Jheelum. The river Jlieelum rrlns close past the town, from
E. t o W. The ford lies about 2 mile liigller up the river,
( ) There is a village 4 111ile from the town, between i t
and t he ford. Fronl the point a little above the village, the
ford talies a diagonal direction to t he left down the river t o
t he centre, and then takes anothcr diagonal direction up t o
t he left; so t hat t he ford describes two sides of a triangle,
which, where the two sides tncet, points clown the streail1 : tAhc
fords s t each side of Lhe river being opposite to each other
on t he N. atid S. side of t l ~ c river. Tlie ferry is close to the
town, mliere there. were 20 large and six ~111i~11 l)~)ilts. 13.
r -
M.' s 16tt1 Liinccrs iirrivcd iieiir the town of Jheelnm at
nbol ~t 4 past, 8 A. 81, Fro111 t he rcport of tlre Duffi~tlirr mlto
11ad bee11 sent on soine days bcfore, tlie deplh of water was
r epor t ~d l o bc up to t he niiddlc of ;I ninny ant1 was liot
consitlcre(l too tlecp for cavalry to ford. S1nl;es lint1 been
driven itl to iliilrk L I I C tlit.ectiolt of the ford. From thc
346
7Xc 1 Gl l r Lancers cro.ssin~~
i l l f O1*l l l i l t i ~~~~ O b t ~ i l ~ ~ d ~ I I S O fro111 Lt . C0?1011y, CJO) \BIIOSC 11ill.I.~'
l1;,(] croxsetl about 23rtl No\.. it w;rs conclutletl tllilt tile fort1
\\,as l ) r i l ~i cnl ) l c, l'hc ndj t . of the Lancers hild riddcii
across, H I I ~ C: LI I I ~ ~ ~ I C I C i ~ ~ ~ l l ~ ~ l l i ~ i t ~ g i t t o be practic;~ble.
'I'lie Itegt. ellterctl t he ford by tl~~.ec.s, ir11d pnssetl t o t hc
ccl ~l re of tlie river \ vi t l l o~~t i1llJ' ;tcci(le~lt; but 011 i ~ r r i v i t ~ ~
at t l ~e centre, there being n number of ci~lliels crossing a t
thr timc by ~vhi c l ~ ;I sight of tlie still;rs was 10~1, tlic 1e;ul-
illg ~~or t i ol l of the Re$. tricd to pass tllelli by goillg beyolid
tllerll t o the riglit, going lower down t?rc .s/~.c~I)L ; they iolme-
diately got illto deep water, and t he st rengt h of the st r eam.
So deep was t he river, here, t hat t hc horses begao t o swim.
From tlie opposite (dheeloiil) side, t he xcefle wits most
a~vf ~l l and distressing-, to witness tlie struggle of t he mi -
msls 011 getting suddenly illto tlcep water ; \ve could OIISL' I' VC
horse after I~orse i~lld rider disappear: and s udde~i l y rise
; ~gni l ~; the il~llwcssion nras Ilint n troop at least mould be
last. 'l'hc re~n; ~i l i der of t l ~ e Regt. itverlcd t he da l ~ge r by
tnltillg t l ~ c ford to the I ~ f l . Boi ~t s were despntchecl t o t hc
ford, but could not nlsrivt: ill tilne to save ma1iy. On mns-
tering the Regt. it Ivils fountl, tltnt Capt. Hilton, a corporal
and ninc privntes and their horses were clrownetl. The
bodies of Capt. I-I. and of two or thl-ec litell were br ought
on shore, ant1 every meclical aid tried in vain t o rest ore
tlleill to life ; but failed, except. ill tlie case of one or two
privates. Lt.-Col. Cureton ~ v i ~ s nearly drowi~etl by llis
horse being friglitened zit solne citmels, nlld fnl l i ~i g baclc ill
the wiltel; thus coiilpelling him to swim hztlnpered wi t h liis
sword and cap frrstened untler his cliili ; R I I ~ IIC wit11 difi-
culty renclied thc bank. Lt . I'at/le Iiad a vcr~r nalsrom escape,
atid was saved by private Dobbin. (30) Si7. J. J<cn?zc ca111(>
to tlie spot a i ~d reuiained for soliic tiliic; evitle~ltl~r aiYefected
by the distressing scene. The river nras about 300 yards
wide opposite tlie town, but more at tlie ford ; itnd by t J ~ e
(89)
kV11o with Dr. Rcrwick accompnnied Mrs. Macnagl~ten.
(30) He was Chnplain's clerk, and lrnd crossed beforu the Hegt.
The Rev. Mr. H~lntntond fiolicited the Colo~~el to promote I~i m t o Serjt.
which 1 hope hns been done.
c i r c u i t o u s direction t h e f o r d est.eliderl over il l i n e of about 501)
y: ~rrl s, a n d hitcl Il l ore t l i i ~ ~ i 3 f e e t o f \\later, a n d a s t r o l l g c u r ~ . e n t
nei l r t he S. bank ; i t ~l t l i v h a t ~ u i t d e it wo r s e was, t l i e water wi t s
v e r y coltl, ;111d t h e c r o s s i t ~ g b e i n g ~mi t t l e a f t e r ;L l of i g niarcli.
'rhis sild e v e n t c;tst ;I gl ool i l o v e r t l i e \v11ole catlip; 1101.
we r e its r c s u l t s c o ~ ~ t i u c d to t l ~e pits[;. (31) T l i c n ~ ~ o r i ~ e t e r 3
p. Al . 7211.
ing :I s: ~~~t l l r: ~nl c c:o\~crctl \ vi t l ~ \rc:lter t he tli~y I)efol.e, u8irs tlistinctly
visil)lc : ; I I I ~ nt this s e t r s t ~ ~ ~ S I I I : ~ i t fill1 ocrlrld o111y be c~cci~sio~tetl Iry i~
j ) r e\ r i o~~s slldtlen ( ~ ~ ~ ~ i ~ o n o ~ r ~ l t : ~ I ~ l e ) rise ; si~lc:c! i l l tllct cold sci r so~~ r i \ ~e l ~s
clo not t rs~~i i l l y firll s l ~t l t l e~~l y. I t Fell si s i l ~c l ~e s Inore t he d;r\r ;rftcr.
'I'he l,al~ce~os l1i1i1 t l ~c i r ci~lis f;lster~trtl 11111lcr t l ~(!i r chins
\vllicl~ Col.
Cnvelot~ wibs ncirrly clro\vr~t:~l) rnl~icl~ i~npctletl t he men s\ vi nl n~i ~rg, at111
11:lring t hei r R \ V ~ I Y ~ > I t111tl : ~ c c o r ~ t r o ~ n e ~ ~ l s 011, if t l ~cy fell they col~ltl 11ot
recover t l ~an~s el r ~cs , t11c.y at er e \veigl~ecl clo\r.n. 'I'l~o I~orsus wit11 1111 t l ~ei r
triipl~ings, itrrtl ~r ~nr t i ngi ~f s , a1111 britlled up, wcre fetteretl ; i r ~ ~ d tllo Inilst
clreclc t l ~r e w tllc l ~or ne or or . l~ortlirlg :I 1)roiul rive~e itftor 11 I OI I C
~ni rrcl ~, when t he 11orses rverc tirorl :rntl lleiltetl, n ~ u v i ~ t g ~ I I I V J I I ~ ~ I (11s 1111
tltirt ~ ~ t o r t ~ i n g ) very t:oltl tvirter, both I ~or se iind mill1 were clrilletl ar ~t l
I)ent~tubcd !
\ \ ' l ~cro ir fold is ill ;I di rect litlo, i t i s r ~ ~ o s t ci ~sy, 11y s t ~t k i ~l g t he fort1
ilild ~il;ulting t \ r o A ~ I ~ S I J I I e ; ~c l ~ side, t o givo :I perfect tlirrction. 111 rl
cirse lilte thtrt ilC tllc , Jl ~eel u?~r, iL n.clrtitl r e t l ~~i r c to gi ve t he t wo cross
tlirectiorls. ' ~' I I I I S, t l ~ e 1):111lis ol ' t l ~c ri ver 1rci11g N. i ~n d S. the d i r ~ c t i o ~ t s
\vo~lld I I C f r u t ~ ~ N. 15. t o S. \ \ ' . i r ~~t l fro111 N. \I!. to S. 15. ~ ' i ~ l ~ t . IMuerclc/!,,
Itop:~l 1411grs. 1,. $2.1.7 (blily. I t eco~~~~oi s l i i ~ncc, k c . ) ol~servcu, Igords
sllot~ltl ]lot lie tlet?ll~!r tl1i111 ~ I I I ' B C feet for i~~f:~rrLry, four foot for Ci ~vy.
11ol*tio11, from /in!f'to on(! foot for c:i~\,:tlry, iu~tl fro111 I I ~ I I O i ncl ~cs to orlo
;lnrl 11111f foot for i l ~ f i ~ ~ ~ t r y . Hit\,illg ~I ! I : I I I I I I O~ ~ I * C I I ;L For11, i t ~vill 1)c I I ~ I I -
111.111 t o 1,li111t ~tl)riglit l)icl<ets ill t l ~ e streitlll, 11olt:l1~!11 1.0 SI I OI V tlle vi ~ri -
i ~t i nn of t l ~ e t l ol ~t l ~ trt tliFeront t i ~r ~us. 111 ~ r l o c ~ n t ; ~ i ~ ~ o ~ ~ s c o~~r ~Lr i c s tlrosl:
v;rriirtio~~s \\#ill 110 co~~si cl eri ~l )l o ill \ ' i r~t er; Inrge ~ L I J ~ I O H i11.0 illso 1i.c-
t l t ~fi t ~t l y ~ ~ I I I I I I I ill fords ~ I I I I O I I ~ I~ills, r c ~ ~ t l e r i ~ ~ g t l ~ c Ilirssnge t l i f i i c~~l t fur
c:itr:llry ; ~ I ~ S ~ I ~ I I I I I I I I I ~ : I ~ I ~ ~ fi)r c:rrriirgos. 111 s;r1111y I : I I I I I I ~. ~~CS, ir11~1 \ V I I P ~ O
t ~l l ~l vi ~r l clcl~osits itre f r c q~l c l ~t , fords I I I ~ I Y Ire f o ~~n t l for i11fi11rtl.y in s111:rlI
.4. Lcl' ~ bi ~t t l i of t he Jl t eel ~rj , ~, ( 12~11 Ycc. 1839. )-' rller-
,l,(,l,,,t,r 5 a. n. 3H0. Halt. 'Phe 2nd Column, u11der Maj.-
~ ; ~ ~ ~ i . ~' huc k~os l l , firrivet1 oil t l ~ oppos i t e brrillr t hi s nr or l l i l l g ;
, ~l l cal npcd 011 t h e r i g h t bal l k, close to t h e t o ~ v i l of J l l c e l ol l ~.
Tl l ermol net cl ' 3 P. 31. 640.
c:. 0.
C ' I t i s wi t h 111uc1l s o r l * ~ ~ th:lt E-I. E. the Coiur.
i r l - ci l i ef rl ot i fi cs to t h e t r oops , Il l st , i n f o r d i t ~ g t h e J h e e l u l i r
~ n o r l l i l ~ g , C;rpt. FIilton, El. M.'s 16th Lan-
cers, o n e corpo~. i t l and n i ~ l e pri vi i t cs of t h e same Regt. ~ I I -
i t ) r ~~~l ~; t t cl ! r l os t t h e i r lives.
H. E. d e e p l y d e p l o r c s the ci r -
C I I I I ~ S ~ R I I C ~ , ;11111 s ~ ~ u i p n t h i z e s with t l i c aj l l i ct ed f r i e ~ ~ i l s , i ~nc l
c ol ~t r i ~t l c s of t l l e Jecei ~secl . "
t,snnlination, soft a1111 shif'tir~g. '1'11e best 11i1ve a gr i ~\ ~e l l y bottonl.
(;rr:, ~ care ",llst be t t t ke~t in t h e exirmin:ltion nf fords, Rcl'oSs stronlns
,,,. I.ivers threading a morass, 01. boggy district. A bro\vn rllshy l~ottol1'
Km"".fill!. l)e t r ~ ~ s t e d ; I)et l )ri gl ~t glee11 spots : ~r o tnore clelnsive."
'. :\ row of picltets 1)larrtetl on either side of t he fiirct, ;lnd r et ~l i ned
I)!. card:+ge, \rill I I ~ fout~cl nseful, as well in t he cl*osairrg it8 for the incli-
CRt i ol ~ of its tIircctio~r. 11'11e11 a river offers i~ ford of suflicierrt \vidth,
nntl t l ~c stl*c:rn~ is ri~l~icl, i t is so~nctirnes exl)etlier~t to use t he caval r y
t81 cut the current uf t he w:lter obliql~cly, nntl 111i1ke t he i nfant ry cross
lower down." p, 9.1.8.
Brtritw say?;, (1101, ii. 11. 48,) I' Arriiin spenks of t he Ayclnspes :IS a
muddy and ri111itI river will1 ir cnrrent of 3 or 4 miles nn hour, which
is correct." Burnes crossed it nbont t he ut~cl of IQbruirry, we o n t he
11t h 1)ecember. 1-lc crossetl it lower tlorvn ant1 saps, " I t I~itrl ririned
the day precedi~ly our i ~rri unl ; t he stream wns discolored, a nd t he
water bubbler1 in ecldies nt various plr~ces." But where a ford has
yi eq~~ot s laid don-n, t he r ul e is not to p:~ss below btlt crbove t he picqaets,
as belor is the deepest wat er; by a as sing below tlre stilkes, tlle Lnncar s
got illto deep water. T h e ford I V ~ Y over a sirntl-hn~llr, rind by get t i ng
off it, in any direction, t h e l ~orses got i nt o tleep water nnd floundel-ed.
\Irhcn theEnglish entered France i n March, 1814, t he river Adour IVRB
ford;~hle, o\\.ing t o a st rong \vil~d blowing ngainst t he stream and raisi~lg
11P the salld ; but on a change of wintl, t he strear11 callsed tile f ul l flow
of the river rind t he santl to fn11 wit11 it, : ~ r ~ d tleopelletl i t so nlucll as to
render the river not fordirble : nor wi13 it forc\e(\. Tho Jl,,eclun2, I be-
lieve, h a quicksands, and frola i t s direction, t ~ ~ e nlost (Iifficlllt fortl I
"@rs*W. fince* dr i vei ~ into t he risel* would ~ i l ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ , lvitll tile w~l i t e
and red f l ap, be better t hnr ~ stnkes.
The 31.d Cr~, ual vy crus.9. 349
c; Brig. Persse will be ple:rscd to pivc sllCl1 orders for the
illtcnllellt of tile botlics, lliis nfternoou ilt 1
4 o'clock, as
~iiity be l)ropcr."
ic oficers off rlt~ty belo~iging to the troops are request-
etl to i~ttet~tl."
rrllr fullerill tool< 1)l;icc ;~cco~.diagly, i ~ ~ l d the bodies of the
liltc Cirl~t. l l i l t o~h ilntl four men (tlie rcst have never bee11
fonntl) n1ere ii~terred closc~ t o o t ~r c:lt~lp, opposile to t he
tow11 of Jlierl~tlii : hi s botly 1)cing plnccd in tlle ccntrc
ar;l\lc. St el ~s hi ~vc since bcc~l t i ~l re~i I)y tlie ltegt. to I)uild
;L tolllb 011 illc spot. Tllis mils i~ltleecl n mela~iclioljr evelit
at tile close of our crunp:tig~~ ; i t ci111liOt fiJ1 to be rcniem-
bercttl, ;is n lcsro~i oC tleiir-bonglit experience : iuid as
?,'upoleon sititl, "Les passages tles riri2ro tlc cettc i ~npor t -
itlice soilt Ies opdrntio~is les p l ~i s cri~ic~~ies. " (32)
Left bnnlr of tlic Jl~eelunh, (13th l)ec.)-Tllermometer
5 A, M. 30. (33) 'I'lie 3rd Ctrvalry cl-ossed over this after-
~ ~ o o l i a t 3 r. nr. to prevent t he liorses suffering from the
cold ~vat er in the morning, pi l r t i cul i ~r l ~ after it long march.
T l ~ e officers were orderetl by Sir J. f i eune, to colne over iri
boats, as well its ill1 of tlie troopers who corlltl not swim.
Tlie horses \vel.e orderetl to come over i n z/ x~l et . i ~zg o ~ d c l ;
(tlic sadtlles, kc. being s e ~l t over in the honts.) The horses
of each troop came over s i n g l ~r ~ with a horse's l e~i gt l l
betweell each ; each troop being led by a guide (Mullah)
l)roc\wed from t he town. Ther e ~r i i s 110 iiccident. The
Asst. Qr. Mr. Geol. (Lt. Uecher) was sent with bo;its to
stntio~i the111 iri a positiori 011 eilcli side of the ce~~l re-poi l l t
of the river ilear the ford, t o prevent ally horses or camels,
&c. passing below tlie l i ~ ~ e of den~i i r cc~t i n~~: ant1 tlie rivel-
Iind been fresh stitked. We welit to the ford to witlless
tlie pnssirge ; t he horses rlitl, a t times, get into (lee!> wittel..
At the ti~iir, of crossiug, two or three elephants belullgillg
(32)
Niipolcon's Menl. pi~r Alontlroloi~, 'l'oltie 3, 1). 1G6.
. (33) 111 tile open air WO, a ~ ~ d rrt X$ A. ar. 3G0. Tile \ratel. of tile
river \\-;is scitrceljr n.r~rmctl at tile s~lrfi~eu Ity tlre SIIII ; i t Ivns ;r re1.y
cold tlil!..
t o Lorah Si qh, (34) wc r e tlriveri s t r a i g h t :\cross the river, at
tlic i ni mi nei l t rislr of f r i g h t e n i ~i g the hor s e s : luclcily sucll ; rn
e v c i ~ t di d n o t occur . We siim t h e a c l va nt i ~ge o f t h e h o r s e s
crossi l l g sin,qly.
I I
l h c r e were ni al i y c; i n~el u l ost , owing to t h e i r b e c o mi n g
beni i l nbed wi t h c o l d ; t h e y rvere s e e n t o st;ultl rvitll their.
loads, o r \ vi t l i out t hem, inca\,;\l)lc of n ~ o v i i i g : t h e y silt d o wn
i~n t l l e ri ver, rolletl 011 t he i r sitlcs, iund were c a i ~ i e t l (1orn11 t h o
strc;illl, f l o; \ t i ~l g for ;i tilinc, slid tllcii si ~l l i i i l g. T l i e r ~ n o ~ n e t e r
:3 P. 31. 6 8 O .
T h e t o wn of J/aeel~slz (3.5) is o o t h e N. b a n k of t h e river.,
and cs t enr l s ; \ bout ;5 :i 11:ile on t h e r i ght b;unli, r u i l ~ i i ~ l g f r o l l ~
E. to UT. I n t l i e cclitre, bet weel l t h c lon111 i \ ~i ( l ri ver, i s i r
(31.) Silt11 Mel ~n~i ~r r di ~r .
(36)
By sowe writ.terl , l hyl un~ (l'akttd~t). '' I t is t he most \V.
of the P I I I I ~ R~ ) st.reams, slid is by Abiil I~:rzel, ~i;rn~etl t he Re l l ~~t , or.
13erlnsta: in ancient Nindoo rn!.thologicnl yoerns tlre Intlr:u~i, ~ I I I I I is
the fnrnorrs Hyditspea of Alesnndcr."
,Ti? -4. Rror2rs, vol. ii. p. 58, 2nd Ecln. snys, (nllr~dirig to ~l f ~~r ~ccl r ~nl n, )
" &I. Vent nr : ~ clecitles on it as Bucephrrliu, from :I deri \ wt i o~i thiit inter-
prets A1nnilipal:r to nrc:ln t l ~c city of the horse; but tllis is riot fo~~nt l et l
on history, ns Bttcc/)hnlin stootl on the banks of t he M,t/drral)e-s."
But nt pi~ge 50 11e sirya, i ~g i i i ~~, '' i ~ l ~ o ~ ~ t I 5 niiles below Jel ~un, " (i. e, t he
town :incl riglrt bank,) ' C and :111ont !ODD y:~rds fi.0111 t he I l pd; ~s l ~es ( t he
river Jelrin~) ne:lr the niodrrn vill:~gc of Unr.rrpoor, we Itit Iillcln sulrie ex..
tensive rl~irrs c:nlled Ootleoluggrtr., wl ~i cl ~ seem t o lrnve Iwea ;I city tl~trt
ext e~~t l ed for3 or 4 miles. 'I'he tri~ditionu oft he ~beople :rre v i ~ p ~ c ;tntl UII-
srlisfnctory, for they referred 11s to the dcltrge, i ~ ~ ~ t l t hc t i ~ n c of LI I C pro-
pllet 1Vorrlr,." And <' on the opposite side rrf the t1ytlirsl)es," to Utr~~r:~~oot*.
(i, e. on the lpft bbr11i) " stinlds Ir nionntl siiid to be crtc\.t~l \r.ill~ Outlee-
nuggur, where tile village of Muong is I)nilt.." An11 C' I tlo not co~~ccivct
it impossil~lc t hat Oorlccn.rrg,q~c~~ nmq represent t he site of Nicacr, :III[I
that the n~olrntls nn11 ruins or1 tlte IV. bi1111i" (cle:lrlp not n/ the toir.11 of
Jheclztni) '' rn:~rlc the position of Uttcrpl~ulict." So 6hnt \rc c;11111ot nswigt~
the to\ifn of Jbeelr~m, as t11c :ineient site of either Si c e n or kinceplla!i:~.
~ccortlillg to the iil)ove rei~sonirmg; sa t l ~ i ~ t lenrrie~l i~ntirlui~riir~rs must
decide.
, .
I l ~ e river tnkes its n:uno frorn t he tl)tvn. 111 Intlin, usr~nlly, :I river
cllnnges its nnms as often irr i t pnsses thro1tg11 n I I ~ W district ; t l ~ e
C:nmlgc?i and J un~nn ftrvnl exccplions, (Vide Note 4.1.)
livgc mosque. To the %IT. is a garden and t en~pl e for
Hintloo worship. There is it village t o the E., dislant 4 n
mile. Soine of tlie Ilouses itre of p~llrlia brick, and of
considerable height. Tlie Pzcyjab here comiiiences ; t he
country between the Altok n~irl Jlieelum, coiitains 110 Sikhs,
the pol~ulntioii being all Mi~homediui ; t l ~ough rillder Si kh
rule.
Lielit. (now Major) Pot t i npr , fro111 1-Ierat, caliie illto
ctlinl) to-dity, CI I r o~i t e to Ciilcutta.
5 . To l L ? ~ o a ~ , 12: miles, (14th Dec. 1839.)-'rliermo-
n~et cr 5 A. 31. 52". Tlic ilirection of tlie road varied often.
The country ii loiv flat, i~ilersected by seven or eight hetivy
dl*y, s i \ ~~t l j ~, beds, ~vhicli arc so m:rtiy stre:ums in the rains.
At 3 iniles a village oli the left. Half-may, ilscend and
tlescend a ridge of hills. At 7 iliiles a Village on the left
with a s~iiiill 1il11d fort, linlf a niile beyond :inother village,
near wllich is i~ pukka ivell. No cultivtrtioi~ sect1 except
near tlie villages, rvhicli are small. Crossed several ravines,
and a low griiSS jungle on tlie road. We saw 6115 sissoo,
;uld necm (36) trecs, around the villages. I t was a heavy
nlarcli. Camp + mile N. of ]<hoar.
The troops liad to tile
through and roui~tl tlie village, by a narrow routl. Ther e is
a small mud fort here. Piue young crops of wheat iuld
barley near the town. Thennometer 3 11. ai 73".
To Dheenyce, 14$ niiles, (15th Dec. 1839.) --Tlien~ionieter
5 A. M. LW. The road lilorc to tlie E. but at no great dis-
tance fro111 the Jlieclum, for 5 or 6 miles, crossirig t he (try
siu~tlp beds of scveral ntater-courses, in s o u e parts deep
siuid. Tlie road tlie~i passed through Dllnlt and grass
jungle, and then over n low ritlge of hills, when i t ran duc
E., and after crossing it, me entered on n very extensive
pl;lin. (37) Pour ii~iles froin this we came to Noor J he e l un~ ;
tlie cou~i t ry tolerably n-ell-cultivittetl. Froni tlie ridge of
llills is seen tlie dsccsincs (Clicnnb) \vitiditlg along i n tllc
dist;incc. Ptissed f oi ~r villages on the roitd ; they ar e rtiised
011 iilountls, ivith ~v i i l l u and i ~i ud towers. The t o~vi i of
(36) The 1Ven11, (Blclin azadirachta.)
(37)
\Vhcrc tilo Inrgcst :~rtnies might mntlcerlvre.
Dlieellgcc snit1 lo contnili 8,000 honscs, soillc built ol I)l.ick
-
: ~nd Iiigl). A siiiall 1)ultka-walletl garden, 1le;tr it. Ca?)~,p
S. of i t $ niile: plenty of hogs irntl bares at Illis plitcc..
Thermolncter 3 I>. si. 68'.
I
1'0 Pcrveczoallah, 1 1 ;1 miles, (16th Dee.)--Thennomctrr
w
6 A\. ar. 40.
'l'lie road good, rill1 11e;~rly E. and for the lit-SL
5 it~iles tlirouali n Dhnlt iultl grirss j~ingle, soiiie places
thick. Passed four villages, on i nou~~t l s . Ot her vill;~gcs seen
in tlie distance. I'nssed the \,illilgc of Li11;rh wit11 ;I ~qt i i ~l : e
inud fort ; bcyoutl it, one mile, is P;veewirllirl~, a Iaisge
village of a similar description. Tlie late Maharaj i ~h l t un-
jeet Singh kcpt liis st i ~t l I~erc, the water irlitl grass being
esteeinetl excelleilt. Tlie f'imous horse Lyl ee (38) 1 ~ : ~ s here.
C;mp N. of Pareewallirh. 7Y~ernzomcler 3 P. M. .78".
ill1 order was issued to-(lay crgni~lst igniting pi ~t ches of
grass 011 t he roitd. (39)
Ally c:u~lp-follomer fonnd liglitilig
a fire by the road-sicle, :\ntl ill ii s i t ~ ~ i ~ ~ i o ~ i xliere flnuics were
! p
liltely t o sprei~tl, 1 ~ ; ~ s severel!. ~ ) ~ ~ l ~ i s l l c d . (40)
G. 0. "Tlie I-le;id Qrs. a~i t l sitppers t o move ilcross
the Cl ~enab ant1 encanlp at R ~ I I I I I I I ~ ~ \ I ~ ; 110 baggage of t h e
ltitll Lancers to go across till t hr wllole of t hat of I-Id. Qrs.
aud the sappers has passed over.y'
To Knmnuygur on the left bank of tile Clierinb 10 miles,
(17th Dec.1-Thermometer 5 A. >I . 40". The road Ii ~y over
tlie same extensive pl;tin, bare of trees. Passed tlirec or
four villriges; 72 miles t o tlie ghat (right I)nnlc.) Tlle f or d
is lower tlowii to tlie light, a round of 24 miles, rvith t hr cc
streallis ; arid 3 feet of water ill the middle one. Tlie g h a t
(38) llunjeet for~gl~t n pitched battle with Sultnn ~lnlionled of
I'eshawer for this fn~nons horse " ahow speed was like t he wind." The
r
I
Sultan losb it and secured pei~ce by sorrendering the horse.
Tllis is, 1
I
believe, the first battle fought for a horse ever Lno\vll.
'I'hc fact is
vortl~y of record: hut llunjeet was so forld of I~orses, that he woulcl
hnve given %lO,OOO for a horse of higll cl~nracter.
(59) Tllis grass (or rather reed) is villuable, being used i n making
]ledges to the fields. l' hey lighted these fires to war111 tl~emsol\~es; b11t
were n~rmed in another wity if they disobeyed tlbe order.
(40) Tho same ordcr i n both colonins.
Rantnuygur not B,ucephalia. 353
is good, :uid lins not high biulks. Cr oss over heavy s n ~ i d for
niile, at llie cud of wliicli cross f onr beds mliich ~v o u l d be
I
3 0 1 ~ 4, fcet tleep witla wat er oil tlie ~ i s c of tile river.
ONIS cnnll) wns i ~b o u t 2 iiiiles froill tlic left biuik, : ~ n d
*
itbout 2 liiiles N. W. of tlle tow11 of Rirmnuggur, nlirl 4 u ~ i l e
S. of a l arge cl ump of trees. Ther e were 12 01, 14 large
iultl soiiie sl l ~i t l l er boats a t t he gl i at , Ti l e Chenab t nnst bc
xi1oi.e tliiul n lilile broad it1 t he rains, ;uid have R dept l i of
I
from 14 t o 16 feet of wat er ; ant1 is si ~i t l t o be free of roclts,
so it is well suiteti for t i l e pdssage of boat s of a large size
i u t he r: ~i nj ' setlsorl, :tii(l for good-sized boat s at ot l l er
periods. Rami i uggur is a l arge wnlletl tomil. (41) Sol ue
(41)
Rnmn~t gg~~r llns bcon tl~ouglit to be tlte site of t.lte ntlcicttt
to~vrt of I3ucepltulitt. Sir A. IJrtrrtcs, vol. ii. p, $0, siiys, t11:rt there is n
v~nnnc~ wllerc the village of hloortg is built, itrtd aonte cxterh~ive rtcins
I~eyond hlootlg, ncttr Flnri:i Badshiipoor, nnd udtls, " 1 do not conceive i t
7
i~nl)rob:iblc tlt:it Oudeennggur may reltresent Kicss, tutd tlttit the mound
nttd ruir~s nri tlre \\'. 11:rnk of tlte llyclt~spes (Jlbcelz~rn) tniirlt the posi-
tion nf Hncc~tltnlii~." But Rrrmr~uggnr is on the CIten3 !
Dr. 1Vln. Vincent, 1797, (\'o!rttge of Nertrcl~~ts dotrr~ the Hydaspes
or Cl~olr~rn to the rtortlt of the Itttlr~s,) p. 98, says, a tlte tliscu\'e~.y (of
I
Aric;(c.rc) is not difficult ; for tlto~tglt the preset~t ruitd frotn Atlolt to
L:thore crosses the C'lteltttn nt llot:ts," " we ttre ciirectetl by zlrr~rc~r
with so mnclt p~ecision tu trnotlter point, that \\+c atin I~artlly be Inis-
tillten. On n bend of tlie H ytl:tspcs, Ite st~ys, there is ;tn isl;uttl f Jror~rulJ
s~lrro~~rtded by the river, with :r second br:uncl~, or ;~rtitici:tl ctrn;il, on
tlte E. side." ' l Below the S. point of tlre isl;tntl, t i r t t l tlte re-uni u~~ of
tlic river, Porur Ititd dm\vrt "11 liis Forces 011 the 15. side. ~llc.~rtrrcter
leirving Cr:tterus \vitlt n consitler:tltle I)orly of forces opposecl tu l'orus,
rn:~rcl~etl in the night to etiect it 1):issnge under cover of this island, to
the o1)l)osite shore. kle et~tl:irlietl hitnself i n :i gtilley, tu~tl cvn~~c?yc?d
his trclops ill boirts brortgltt overlitrttl from the Indus. l i e I~iid setlrcely
I
tliaernl)t~rltatl tltetn, \vhen lie fottttd Itintnelf encircled by tit~otlter cll;inriel
I
I
wl~icl~, being srvelled by the solstiti:tl rnit~s, he forded with grcttt tlitfi-
culty : t l ~er ~ torttirtg to his right, lie followed tlte course ol ' t l ~e stre;~lti,
i~ntl, aftcr deferrting tlte sort of Porr~s, atl\vtrtced to tltc spot wliere the
kirrg 11i1nsc(f 11ild dnr\vn ttp ltis forces oj~l)osite tu Cr.nter.t~s.
IIere the
1)nttle was fo~i yl ~t , and hew n ~ ~ s l be tlrc site of Niccm." (hltljor I2cr111el1,
i n his Mentoir, p. 93,) L L ct~nclrttles tlt:rt Aleunntler ~t:~sserl t l ~a C'ltclrinr ;it
Rotas;" (i. e. by tlte direct ro:tti, 12 miles t1ist:irit;) " I ~nt in tltt! ttccor~t-
piinyi~tg In:1l> plrices ATicrm lunrer do\rtt 28 tt~ilcs." Ag:\ir~, 11. 95, '1'11(3
2 2
354 Uj.o.ss t he C/lc?lnb.
i i nt i rrs here i.e~n:~rlied t o us tlii\t we Ii:\(1 aur7.ozcnded (43)
ths conn/~!l (I1i ~~~j ; rI)), lnfcen Canduhnr, C;/r~cznee, ar~cl Cabool,
o11d sriirl .' how can Lahore and Uniritsir escope 2" Tl i er-
nlometer 3 1). ar. 7@.
I !
l o-t l : ~y !V;IY publ i shrd t he G. 0. of tlie Govr. Gelrl. of
I n tliir, (in tlie Secrct l)cl)t,.) d,iletl 18t h Nov. 1539, caxpres-
sivc of t he sense ent ert ai ned by His Lort l shi p of t h e sol di er-
lilic spirit a ~ ~ d coliduct, of tlie Ar my of t he Indus, t hr ough-
out tlie l at e c l i ~i i l ) a i g~~: and gr i r t ~t i l ~g ir doi i ; ~t i on of six
mo~~t l i s ' full, or Fi el d Hi ~t t ; ~, t o every otlicer, Europe; ui a11t1
~~t i t i ve, il1111 to t he N. C. 0. i111d privates of t he ~i a t i v e
tl'ool's.
G. 0. '' 13. M.'s IGth Lancer s t o send forwiird t hei r
baggage, i n tlic course of t he a f t e r ~ ~ o o ~ ~ , n~i t l t o cross t he
rivcr, to-morrow ~nor ni ng ; tlle well, wi t h t hei r saddles, kc.
clistitrrce from his cirmp on the \8. side of the river t o the hentl of t he
r.
isli~ntl is give11 Ily rlrricln, i~nd may be enti~n:~tetl i ~ t 9 ~niles. If, there-
fore, \re Gi l l 1 filltl 1111 isli~nd i l l 111oderrr geogritl)lry \vl1ic11 \\,ill C O ~ I . ~ ? S I ) O ~ ~ ~
with t l ~i sof Ar ~~i i ~r ~, we Ititre ;I precisc point given ancl have olrly to
r-
fix A l i c , t r r i ~ t the req~~i si t e dintitnc~ I)elo\~.
SIICII rln isliind (Jamrcd) is
I ' OI I I I ~ , il~ld sit~itte(l on tile be~rtl of the Chelllnl or Fl~tclnsl)es, riborit 28
miles below liolar," (wl~ilo Itoti~s horn the presc~lt tow11 of Jlrcelur~l is
only 12 rliles!) "i~ncl in :r more direct li~re between Aftok :tnd Lirhorc
tltitn Rotcrs itsel/: ' I ' l ~t t roi~tl prob:~bly pi~ssed ;it tllis pli~ce in ei~rlier tirnes,
I I I I ~ I 11;rs tlivcrtetl to Ibtils o~rly becirl~se tlre isli~nd irffortletl ;r strong post
\vliicl~ i n lntlil~ is i t l ~~i ~ys il norlrcc of rxitction. This islrcnrt iu c;rlled
Jttclnltrd by & /a Roclrellc, i ~nd by fiI:rj~~r Re1~11efl in his second ntap."
Ijr. V. sflys, p. 99, tl~itt tho Longittlde of .J[r~nlrrri, I)g Mnj. llctlnell is 71a
50' E. ; :Inti tl~irt Rlicep1,lrcllilr is sr~l)])osetl to I~irvc been on the opposile
sidu of the: river ; ilntl p. 110, "' l' t~e tlistiu~ce fro~rr t l ~e lower point of
.Icrn,cid to the eonfluenee (with tire Ace.rii~cs) is fro~n 60 t t ~ 70 nliles."
Il e (p, 100) Jixes the time of t1epi1rtul.e of the fleet urider .iirenr.cAus on
I
the 2Srd October, 11. (;. 327.
At p. 10 Ire assigns Tu.ril1u ;IS the irrlcier~t site of the modern Attalc,
'' being in the kingdom of tlte Illa.riles."
(42)
'I'he Uritisll dominions, Affgl~itt~istan, i~nd tire I-lirnnlaytl moun-
111ins surrountl the I'ui~jirl~, see 1). 3, rrote , Y.
rlt 'Rawlll Pirldee it M;thomecl:rn nrlted some of n~rr pri~~cil)irl st;~ff
officers, to give l~im a certifici~te that Iris vil1;rge was I~i s property, for
1
he s:rid " I kr~ou, llria counlry wild be yours, uild I wish to houe u p n p o to
al~ow, in such un enetzt, t l i nl I ma y rrol bc deprived n j i t !"
f
sr e to be sent by the ferry ; the l ~orses by L11e fort1 ill cl ~: ~~. ge
of the syces." (43)
c' The Artillery a ~ ~ d Cavi~lry horses (of the 211rl C o l u ~ n ~ ~ )
t o be sent by the ford ill chi~rge of the syces ; : L I I ~ the I I I ~ I I ,
giir~s, Ilarr~ess nr~tl sarltlles I)y tlne ferry."
Burning of yrnss.-" 'l'he corporal's 1 ) i ~ t ~ r of Lancers witli
tllc Provost Serjt., fov t he purpose of pre\ l P~~t i l l g this prac-
tice, to be incre:uetl, ; u~d the 11nr.11 conlposing it to I)e fur-
~l i s l ~ed with \vI~il)s, to use Lllcrn or] ;ill followers tl~e!, I I I ; I ~
fi11(1 st a~~i l i l i g tnrcr burl~illg gt'ilSS, by tile road-side, ~ \ ~ c r r nl-
t hoi ~gk they 11lilY 11ot be the ii~tlividuals wlio set it o n firc."
(44) 18th Dec. Ilnlt. Lcrliih Si~igli 1v;titt.d or1 Sir J. Ke, r~le
to s o ~l ~l d him as to his i ~ ~ l e n t i o ~ , of visiting LaI~ore. Si r
John replietl that Ile llatl receivetl rlo in vita ti or^. Dr. Gorclon
w;ls si ck; he was, strictly speaking, the chiunncl of conlliliL-
nication.
6. To Nueeuralla, 12i nliles, (19th Dec. 1839.)-'l'licr-
moineter 5 a, nr. 3 8 O . Shortly after leaving camp crosscd
2
a s ~ l ~ a l l dry nullah, which 111ust be rather tlecp in the rains ;
tlleilce the road sandy for a mile. The11 over a flat plair~
with villnges, on mountls, at intervals, in t he tlistx~lcc.
The soil rich ant1 hi gl ~l y cultivated around the villi~ges.
About half-may 011 t he right, is the Isrgc town of Akal i gu~i t ;
(45) having passed i t we saw folly or five \illlite I-Iindmo te111-
ples close untler the walls. There were severill villages
passed on the same side of the ro;itl. Cittnl) 4 rilile S. of
Ni~eewalir, whicl~ was surrounded by fine crops of ~vlleat,
(43) Groolus.
(4.4)
" I'roclarnittion of the 1)cualtg to be niitde, daily, i l l the differ-
ent b~rznrs." It \vitS next to inrpossible to f nd out of ir crowd, \\*11o did
set fire to the grnss.
(45) ,It is n walled ~ OI VI I with gntes, nnd the ialr:~bitattts itre Altalccs
rvllo are it very independent nntl brave people. The Altrrlees rei~drred
Rul)jeet Si~rgli i n~l ~ort ~~ri t sersices in several of his birttles, i n wliich they
often led the troops into action. (See the hirttle of' 1Volcslrt.~a in Cl~irp-
ter 15.) 'I'tiey are considered sacred by the Siltlis, and have I~een
I<no\s,n to tltrei~teri ever1 the life of Ronjeet. At this pli~ce it is silicl,
tl~ey pay 110 revenue.
l'lre Sikhs irre in groat fenr of these fa'aniltics,
\vliom it is clnngerous to itITi.ont ; they are reg.~rdless of their own lives.
2 z 3
&c.
Tlicrc is a vrl-y cstensive plain, I i e l ~, :rud on our route
to-(lay.
Tlirrnlotneter 3 r. AI . 78".
To Thabool, 103 nlileu, (2Otli Dee.)-'Sliern~omcter 5 A. ;\r.
38".
Tlle direction of
the route S. ant1 S. E. and tlien E.
Pilssed two villiiges on the road, wllicli was good, :rntl thc
country very open; but little cultivation. Caull> . ; ~ni l c
S. W. fro111 the villagc.
Aborit 4 ~ilile N. W. of i t is
I-lindoo temple, ant1 solne trees. We lost our roird
to-day. (46)
Menzo.
'( I t is t o be p~oclaitnetl by tom-ton~, i n t bc
different I)azilrs, t hat t he cntting tlown of Peepul (47) trces,
for feeding elephants, or ciin~els, is prohibitetl; and imy
follower detected in destroying s l ~c h trees mill be severely
l ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ i s l ~ e ( l . "
The people, here, said t hat t he Silt11 troops r ob them of
all they Ililve, whell they are marchetl across the cou~l t ry. I
belieye t he Sikh people are not averse to the British ; t he
Sikh soldiers ;ire : they have every thing to lose ; t he fonner
every thing to gain ! Therlllolllctcr 3 IJ. ar. n". About
this tinie \re heard of the capturc of ILrl~elat by t he troops
under Maj.-Gelll. FYillshire; nntl all were glad that tlle
gallallt general, had an opportrulity of distinguishing him-
self in t he Affghanistan canlpaign.
To near i f i t l a, 84 miles, (21st Dec.)-Tllerlnometer
5 A. M. 3 8 O . Th e route over the same estellsivc plain,
rontl excellent. About 7 lniles from Y'l~ubool irre two large
villages, crrlled Nyshar;~, (48) between which the road passes ;
( #K)
The rond properly lay in n 11eirr1y direct line t o the Icft, in-
I
steatl of wl ~i cl ~ we rnirrcl~etl straight on to a villi~ge to t he N. \\'. of
"7
'l'hi~bool, and h:ttl to trtrti to our left to rei~cll c:llnl) S. \V. of it.
(47) (Picns Religiostr), n species of lig-tree (wild).
I t is :r t ree llelcl
sacred by Nintloos.
(40)
\Ve pa~sed two other villages on the rond. Low jungle on
darts of t he rond. Crlltivi~tion near t he villages. 'I'lrere were t wo
villnges in [rout ant1 S. I<. of C~IIIIP.
?'liere are sonle Ur:ln~ins arrd i,
telnplo near this pliice, nrld a rirtller thick grass jungle, in which t11e
Rev. Blr. Hummond ncarly lost his wny.
, I
two miles further 1v;ls camp N. W., about a iuile short of
Mutla. Tller~l~onletcr 3 P. BI. 7 2 O .
'1'0 ~l//uZZyan, 15 niilcs, (2211~1 Dec.)-Thermo1ncte1- 5 A. M.
38". The road lay over the same extensive p1iJ11. Passed
two villngcs. A villnge about 2 tniles sliort of iMu1lpa11,
passing which nre Itncl sottic fitvines t o cross ; from n~hi ch
we pilssed t111.ougl1 sonie low jungle, after nlhich there was
ail estetisive pliri~l. Canlp S. Mr . of Mallynli. At this place
an ii~vitatioil ciune to S ~ T John I<ea?ze t o pay ;I visit t o
Lahore, wllicll was accepted. Thermoaieter 3 P. Jr. TO0.
23rd Dec. Ba2t. 'l'hermomcter 5 a. N. 36". G. 0. cc T11c
2nd Brigade 11. A., 1-1. M.'s 16th Lancers, a Ressalah of t he
4th Local Horse, will i\ccolupnny IS. E. a s nn Escort t o
Lirl~ore; t l ~ e remainder of tlie troops will lnove towartls
Perozpoor, under &liY.-Genl, l'luackwell. I n additiou t o 11.
E.'s pcrso~lal staff, the followi~lg officers of tlie General
staff, are directed to lllove with I-Id. Qrs. t o Lahore, viz.
Tlle D. A. G., 1). &. &I. G. , D. C. G., D. A. Q. &I. G., t he
Offg. A.A. G. and S.A. C. G."
a Such officers of the staff, ancl those not belonging t o
the troops forming H. E.' s Escort, as inay be desirous of
visiting Lal~ore, are requested to colntnurlicate t he same t o
the D. A. G., througll the Mirj.-Genl. Comg. t he Co l u m~ ~ ,
and if their services cttn be dispensecl ~vi t h, they will
lliive permission to accolllpally I-Id. Qrs." (49) Thcnno-
meter 3 P. Br. i 6 O .
7. To Dlri~iyce, 13; miles, ('24th Dee.)--Thermometer 5
A. xr. 3G0. 11. E. Sir J. ICcane, ant1 his Escor t inarcl~ecl this
illonling, taltit~g the direct road to Lal~orc ; (50) wc tooli t hc
(4.9)
a No l)ulloclts, tattoos, or i:;~ttle of any desc~iption to precede
the troops on the m:lrclt. Syces, kc. to re1nnj11 in the reilr."
(50)
R;~jal~ Len:~h Singl~, wl ~ o cilme wit11 tlte invit:~tion from Lal~ore,
wishetl Sir J . ICeilne to ltroceeil 1)). difieferent route, declaring that
boats had been prel,;~red : ~ t i~l~otl~or ghat ; I ~o~ve~~er , it was tletermined
to trllte the allortor roste. IV11en pernlissiut~ for the rell~rn of the troops
t l ~rot ~fi h tllo P~l~tjirl) I I ; I ~ I~eeli granted, it Ivns ~tipltlated th:~t they
sholtld not pitss witliin 25 n~ileu of Lnl~orc ; but this wi~s 1)). tl~cir own
root e t o Fcrozpoor. On1+ rout e, t hc di rect i on rnryi ng,
was over arabl e l and for about 5 niiles, pi ~ssi t i g severirl
villages. At about 6 mi l es passed round a villiige, t l ~ e n
over soni c broken gr on~i d, a nd thence, Ily a pat h-way,
t hrough t11uc11 cul t i vat i on : tlie l ast 3 or 4 niiles, tlie roiid
l ay tliisougli jurigle grass. Crossed lieilr ctrrnp a uul l i ~h, wi t h
ir. few i nches of wat er. Canl p N. E. of t h e villitge. (51)
Tl i erni oi i ~et er 3 1.. 31. 68".
To Su~-rukpoo~. , 10 niiles, (25t h Dee.)-Tlirniiometei. 5
A. 31. 4 4 O. Th e r oi ~d l ~ r y over a grass j ungl e for 2 niiles,
t l i c~i over t~rirble I; ~nd. A b o ~ ~ t tlie ~iiitldlt. of tlie niirrch,
cultivirtioii ;rut1 t wo vi l l ; ~ges were piissed. ' rhen wc
arrived irt tlic villiige of Snrrul i poor. The r e bei ng s y~i i p-
toills of ri~i11, t l ~ e or dcr t o cross tlie Ri ~v e e (13ydriroles)
was issued aft er brealcfi~st, t o 111ove a t 12 03clock. T h e
glitrt on tlie r i ght bank mas 24 ~ni l es distiint. At 1 niile
crossctl a ~i ul l nl i , with rlrthcr st eep banks. (52) Tl i e Ferry-
ghi i t i s n ~n i l e fro111 i t . Tl i e river about 250 yar ds wide.
Th e ford wils a good one, tlie river there, wi der. Al t er
crossi ng tlie river t,o tlie left bank, pi used over a bet1 o f
sillid for 4 mile t o ciimp, pi t ched in soinc Jol v jungle. O n
inviti~tion. l'lte Govr. Genl., I I)eliero, n.ished Sir John to r~ccept
the inritntion if asked : I do not tl~inlc the l i ~t t er 11:1d any porsonirl
~vi sl ~ to go there (Ile nits sick) ; but Itis stiill' irisl~ed to go there,
(61)
'I'he \~illiigeu on this marc11 rrrore numerous, and tlie cultiva-
tion more for\vi~rd rrnd este~isive. Some of the Mithomed~n inl~nbiti~nts
of the ~i l l i ~ges of Catrnpoor, Alctali, kc. asked when \ve were going t o
Inkc tltc country. 'I'he Silths \\sill riot allow the i~Jirl~orned:u~s to ciill
those of their f: ~i ~l i to prilyers, pi~l)licly, (~rsni~lly by a crier fro111 the
top of I I mosqile, nho 111i1y be l ~ei ~r d 11 mile off;) but they will
receipe then1 as ~~roselytes.
(62) It a.i~s a bad gh: ~t i ~nd deep mud wit11 the wnter. So~ae fo1111(1
a better crossing loo yt~rds to the left, the I)it~iks 11eiltg lower, ilncl little
water. Thence the r0i111 to the Ferry ghat is to the right (those going
to which ul ~ot ~l ~l have kept the direct r o d from Surnikpoor); the fort1
to the left, higher up the rivor. l'lie ford \rns marlietl off' wit11 rueds
and gram in two rows, and nns irhol~t two ;~ntl half or t l ~ree feet deep,
hut bmad iind firm bottom. Ciimels rt~itl Yaboos went over l~it(letl.
The 3rd Cavy. forded over. ' rhe haolcerios went i n tlie boats.
this mi ~r ch tliere IVCLS, half-way, a cross-road t o Lahore. Th e
wind (PIT. E.) t hreat ened to I)l o~v tlown ollr teiits.
Ther e mas a r umour to-day tliilt t he Siklis intelided t o
at t ei npt t he rescue of our prisoners, M;~llolned I-Iyder I ~ h n n ,
alltl Biljee Kliiun, I<itliur ; but 110 such nt t ern~pt was iiintle.
(53) Tl ~er moni et er 3 1.. ai. GdO. We s l ~ei i t our C1iristm;is
t l i ~~ne r , in t he mess-t ent of t he sitppers iuitl iiliners ; ant1
with tllc itid of ;l little good wine (whicli liad beell ;L scxrcc
; ~rt i cl e) passed a plei~saint eve~l i i l g; and \vent t o bet1 \vitliout
i111g feitrs of 0111' sluunbers bei ~l g clisturbed, uiiless t he wind
shoul d Ijlonr down our tcilts.
26t h Dec. Hall. Tlieriino~iieter 5 a. M. 3(Y. No fresli
illivnts. 'l'hernioii~et.er 3 p. ;\i. 70".
'l'o Gzt~,jcllec, 11 4 iuiles, (27th Dcc.) -'t'her~iioineter 5
A. ax. 40 . 'l'lie first p i ~ l - t , of tlie roiitl was t l i rougl ~ l ow
juiigle. (54) Crossed t he first inile, t wo dry beds of ~l~illalis.
'l'lie roird t hen rim K. At 4 iililes tliere is i i vil1;lge ; tlielicc
tine road t ur ns to tlie left, or N. of E. About I~alf-w;ly wc
foul ~t l n gr eat expanse of l)lr7ili, or desert, ;tilt1 sollie lorn
jungle. T o tlie right, t1ist;uit 5 iililes is il villi~gc, wit11 Iiigh
(53)
'I'lie~e were some SiltIi sepoys in n~ost of tlie villitges, 11rob:ibly
their homes, rtntl no dt11111t they s11rerrd the report iis 11 gootl jlllte. How-
ever I-Ii~jee Iil~rrn, l i i ~l t l ~r, tl~otrgl~t it rlone. He1)eggetl to ltirve n sword
to defentl hinlself, ;IS Ile kt~cw the Silths tleteste~l him cordii~lly. Mow-
over, the gui~rtls over the ITujce were lontlcd ;IS it nlerlatlre of prccnll-
tiuri. An officer t!*rotefror~~ lperr~xpoor, tliitt it siis s;~id 25,000 Inell allll
100 guns, \sere to rrttitcli 11s) to rclci~se the priaol~ers ; itrid to seize
Conir.-ill-Cliief, so t111tt some tlioi~gl~t, a e l~ritl o111y come " to the e11t1
of our begini~i~~g," ;irrtl :I alir i n tllc I'tt~~.ii~b \IWS foretold ; tlte force ru-
qiiiretl wiis liiid tlowl~ lit from 16 to 20,000 inen. Nett, regi~nrnts to ho
rirised as ir rni~ttcr of course. 'l'l~e Puoj:rb wits to he ari~~exetl to the
Britisl~ don~i r ~i o~~s in the coltl seirsoil 1838-4.0. ' J' l~e expedition to
C11irt;r was irt ;I discount; ;rt~tl i t airr with Nepal, or the U~~ri i ~ese, \s'iis
deferred till it ft~tr~rtl period.
( 6 h)
\I'e lost our roi~tl, or r;rLl~ur col~ltl sce none. 'I'l~c trlin1l)ets
: I I I ~ bl~gles were nountletl fro111 [lie atl\,iil~ce, wc litrue lost our rocid,"
(t'or five or six ~niirlitcs) to give i ~~t i ~ni l t i nn to the troops, i t rt t l ci~nlp-
Sollo\rers. \\'e :rt lengtl~ succerdetl i n tintlir~g olir wily, rtboltt 11:iy-
Ilreitk.
houses. Cnnv E. a liiile hwni tlre rillagc. (55) l'lierlno-
meter 3 I.. sr. 70'.
To SuZlcea7lec, 139 niiles, (38th Dcc.)-'rliel.nionietcr 5
,I. ar. 4 4 O . Tlie direelion viirietl liltle fro~ii E. The roircl
the first hiilf over iln open cou11tl.y~ with low jungle. No
regular road. About half-way t he village of Bhphur. (5G)
At 10 miles the village of Nnddeepoor (both sins11 villages.)
From the last villiige t he jungle is thicker. Cianzp $ ~liile
15'. of the villi~ge. Therlnometel- 3 P. st. 75".
8. To ICztssoo~, I0 miles, (29th Dec. 18:39.)-Tllernitt..
5 A. 8%. 40". The road first half over :r jungly country,
a villnge on the riglit half-may ; lierlce tlic roacl is free
from jnngle, ;untl a well coltivatetl country is entered.
Can~p t o the E. close under t he willls of ICussoor. It is
i\s i l ~l c i e ~t as Lallorc ; there are, or rather were, 13 divi-
sions, and the ia1i:tbitnntu itre a11 Ma1ionietl;rns. (57) I t i s
of great txtrilt. 811 irrmy niiglit malte a good stand here ;
:rs not OIIIJV are there heights here, but each division of t he
town migllt be turned into n fortified position. Thernltr.
3 1.. 1x.l. 75".
30th Dec. To tlic right hank of thc Sutluj, (92 1niles.)-
Tliennonieter 5 A. xr. 44". The road t o the E., iund first
part over the ruins of I<ossoor, aboot olie mile in est cnt ;
the road then descends into a lolv, flirt, trect, taking it
direction to t he S. E. Prtssetl by mucll cultivation, and
it village on the road. Breitltfi~sted on the right ba~ilr, wliicll
is not very high; encamping ground sandy. After breirlr-
fast crossed over, aud encamped on the left bank. Ther e
were 60 0 ~ 7 0 l ~oat s of siexes. Tllc stream urns of no strengtll,
nlid the bed is shelving, t o the left bit~ll<. I t \V:IS :r\)out
(55)
Half-!vag on this march, theru is :I cross-road to 1,;1l1ore.
(58) Hence a cross-road to Lllllore.
( 57) 'l'l~c city \riks fo~rlltlc.tl by $1 Nurviib wl ~o g:lve e; ~cl ~ of 11is 19
sons, a fort, or \ ~ i i l l ~ t l l ~l i ~ce, t o ~~esitle ill. It is sl~itl to I~irve been con-
qllered from the hIog11nl E~npcrors 70 yci~rs ago. 'I'llt! cli\risions (sncl~
its remain) nre ~arroonder\ by l~llltlia brick w;~lls, \\'it11 b;lstiolls.
'l'l~crc?
:Ire reveriil moqller, nnd p;~lnccs. 'I'he surro~~nding country is covcretl
wit11 roilis; R I I ~ grrdcrl-11011ves irre sci~ttered uvcr :I great ext e~~t .
The Trisil at Lahore. 36 1
400 yards wide.
After crossing to tlie left bank, nt about
) mile, crossed s on~e ~v:iter, i11 s o~ne places 24 t o 3 feet
deep. Cavy on the left bank, on salldy gr ou~i d with low
jungle, di st ai ~t from t he Ferozpoor-ghat, about 14 mile (deep
sand between); and about 5 miles froill t he cantonment.
Thennon~et er 3 P. nr. 7 5 O .
Left banlr near Ferozpoor, (31st Dec.)-The 3rd Cavalry
crossed over this nl or~~i ng, by boats. Halted for tire arrival
of Sir J. Keane, from La1iol.e. We did not cross t he Beuh,
(or I-Iyphasis) which you do i n the regulilr route from
Lahore to Looclianah.
1st Jan., 1840. 13. E. Sir J . Icenne reached the right
balilr of the Xutlllj (Hysudrus) alld crossed over next Inoi*n-
ing to the left bank, and encainped between us iind t he
ghal. We now leirrnt the result of the visit t o Lahore.
Sir Jolm Iiercne, being unwell, he sent a deputatiol~, con-
i
.-
sistillg of 13rigr. Persse al~cl ten or twelve other oflicel-s, to
wait on the Maha~aj uh, Ii uwuk Sin@, (58) and the visit mas
~~eturnecl ; the deputation also ~vaited on Konwar ATao Nihal
Siqzglr, the son. Tlie party before leaving Lahore, were
shewn a large portion of the Silt11 army ; collsistiiig of 33
B;rtt~is. of Infa9zt~y each of eight Cos. of 100 Illell eirch,
6,000 Cavalry ; 96 I-Iorse Artillery, and 64 Foot Artillery
guns; and a large body of Irregular troops. This gives n
rcgular force of 31,600 men and 160 guns. Tlie real
amount of the Silih regulirr army is about 50,000, of whom
one-fifth are Mahomednns, the rest Silths. (59) Tile regular
f-
(58) Tile invitation was in the name of the BInl~arajall (son of the
late Rur~jeet Singl~), but his son (Iionwa~ Nao Nil~nl Singl~) has the
supreme control of all affairs. I n October list, t l ~e AIalrarajal~ left
Idahore, oil his rond to Loodianr~l~ ; he r n ~ d o one march, and was
I
brought bnck. Rajalr Dhian Sbnglb, r l ~ o wns the minister, about J a~~uer y
last left the court, and went to his estate i l l the I~ills. I believe nujuh
Gool~~b Singh, hns adopted the snmc mode of retireme~lt.
(50)
The Sikh troops c;~n ~~ndergo gre:rt futigue and make lo~lg
marches.
Forsler says, p. 289, " A body of their crvalrjr has bee11
know11 to nlnlce lnarcl~es of 4 0 a1111 50 miles, zrnd to contin~le tl~enl for
many sl~ccessive days." I was tbld hy Col. Coortr.tkokdf that two or three
I 3 -4
362 Vie Sikh Arnzy- The amzy
Si k h forcc wa s d m ~ v n 11p in l i w, t l i e Ar t i l l e r y on one
fliu~k, a nd t h e Caval l -y OII the o t l ~ e r : tllc I r r e g u l a r t r o o p s
we r e draw11 up at ri gl i t a ngl e s with t h e m. The M; ~ l ~ i r r n j a h
s e n t R pr e s e nt of 26,000 Rs. ('2,600) to be di s t r i but e d
; l t nong t l ~ u Br i t i s h t r oops . The Br i t i s h Govt . g a v e 11,000 i'
Rs. (1000. ) A G. 0. was i s s ued o n the 2 n d Jan. 1840,
by N. E. Lt . - Genl . Sir J. Iieane, brei rl t i ng r ~ p t h e Army
of the Incllds;" the Be a g n l p o r t i o ~ l of nr l ~i c h had t nnr cl t ed
2,070 miles, (60) bet weel l t h e 8 t h Nov. 1838, t o the 31st
years ago, a considerable body of i ~Lf i rnt l y marched from Lahorc t o
Peshawa). in seven dnys, n distitnge of rrbout 250 miles.
They :Ire f r ee
from prejlttlice, t l ~ey will citrry sevcn or eigltt dnys' provisions on t hei r
back ; nnd, ns Rurljeel said, "dig a well, or brtild a fort, if required."
They used to hi ~ve mcsecs of to11 men eiicl~, l ~ u t Ilunject, of late years,
discontinued t he system asbeing too expensive ; as 11e granted :In estrir
allo\rance, on this account : 11e 11i1d now no Inore co~~qucs t s to mitke ;
and might, lilte Ale.mnder, have cried becnuse he had no more kingdoms
to conquer.
The S'ikhs ar c disci~~linecl after t he French manner, but t l ~cy hnve n o
kno~~det l ge of European toctics on t he grand scale. A Silt11 oiticer of
high mnk, thougllt t hat the strength of a position cohsisted i n (Iran-ing
up a force in order of bttttle wit11 Inanygurls, in one line, superior to t hei r
opponents; irssrtnri~~g t hat t he enemy would nttnck them i n line (as
a t the 11:tttlo of i\l;rlridpoor !) ;und asketl Genl. Vcnltrra if such \vould
not be the ci~so. This wiis begging the question, but t he General
adroitly nnswered: a I n Europcun armies, i t i s it battle of positior~,"
leaving the Silrlr to guess at t he modc of executing tlte movement!
They use tho French words of comtlla~td, movc at quick time, marcli-
ing t o the beat of tlrum, fife and cymbrrls. I saw t he Silth troops a t
Roopar, on the Sutluj, nt the interview between (late) Lortl 1V. B~oatinolr
and (litte) l<unj(~eL Singh, in Oct obe~~, 1631; ant1 i t obsel-ved 011
t he occasion of their review before Lord Azcclslnnd and (late) Sir IT.
Fane at Ferospoor, in Uec. 1838, thnt their l ~~ove n~e nt s were quiclter
and ma ne u\ , r i ~~g Letter: but, conr pet e~~t j ~ ~ d g e s were of opinion t l rat
they were (1838)inferior to t he troops of Scintliah's reguler battnlio~is.
1Vhe11 we consider t hat Peshawer, nnd the cor~ntry between i t nncl t h e
Jheelum, &looltan, Uera Gl~ilzee ILhan, and Uera lsnrael I i l ~nn, kc.
(H very consirlerable portion of the co1111try) ar e inhabited by dlulro-
medans who detest the Silths, we reduce the strength of the Sikh power
by more t l ~nn one-half: for t he Wahomeda~rs must desire to free them-
selves from the Sikh yoke.
( 60) Including 146 milos marched i n Lower Sindll.
of the I?zdus broke up.
363
Dec. 1539; t l i e loiigest di st ance ever i narcl ~erl by i\n India11
anny.
On tlie 7 t h Jnu. Sir J . I h n c eiiibarlted 01.1 boat s at
Ferozpoor for I3ombay ; (61) all wliicli aliil on tlie fol l owi ng
day, t he t roops, &c. marcher1 t o t hei r respect i ve dest i na-
t i ons : and t h u s t ermi nat ed t he '( Ji l ~rch uxd Opcrulions rf
llre A~ n t y of the Indus."
I slittll, in tlie fol l owi ~i g Clinpter, c~i deavoor t o exhi bi t
tlie slitte of affairs, Politicit1 mrl Militdry, i n A~qhaai st an,
si uce Mr. Bhhi nst one l eft Slduh Sl ~ooj al ~ a t hi s courl; , a t
Pesl~awer in J i i l ~e, 1809, t o t he tiiile of his fill1 rest ori l t i o~i
a t C(~bool ill August , 11339; whi ch will prove, t ha t owi ng t o
t he di st ract ed sti~i;e of t hat c o~l nt r y for 30 years, it was im-
possible wi t hout tlie aid of tlie cspetlition, t o have regene-
rat ed t hat ltingdoui.
(61)
Talti~ig with him &fu~nliomeil I-Iytler Iilian, late Govr. of Glil~z-
nee. 1 must not omit to mention that tlre fm~otrs '( Ghurnee Sword"
M'nR sold By auction at Ferozpoor for 4~,250 Rs. (t'~1~2.5) ; and purclinsotl
by Sir John ( ~ i o a Lord) Keane. Subsequently I Ireilr i t \vns pur cl ~~sed
by the Dombay Column for 6,000 Rs. and presented to H. Excy.
CI-IAPTER XVII.
THE HISTORY OF THE DOORANEE DYNASTY.
1747.-1. Ahrncd Shah, Abdalee, (1) mas the founder
of the Dooranee empire. He fougllt his way throrigli t he
greater part of Khorasan, and passing the fortified pli~ces
without attacking them, repaired to Cnndahar, where h e
arrived with 2 or 3,000 horse. EIe there found and seined
a treasure coining from India to Nadir Si~aih. I n October
1747, he was crowned at Candaliar, (2) and mas said to have
been only 23 years old. He spent the winter at Canilaliar,
settling the country, and preparing his army for fiiture
expeditions : he had to founrl a monarchy over R warlike,
and independent people, not attached to tlie Itingly for111
of government ; such as prevniled in Persia, (3)
(1)
The history of t he Doornneo Empire, (luring tho reigns of'
Ahnied Shah (t he fonnder), 'l'imoor Shah, Xeninn Shah, Mnllmood
SIln11, and of Shall S11ooji~h, till he lost his throne in 1809, is an abstract
tnken from Elpl~instone's Cnbool, vol. ii. App. A. p. 337, 9tc. The
co~ltinuiltion from 1809, t o 1859, is by hfoollnll Jatier (~110 W;LS S11al1
Shoojah's ~IIoonshee Bashee, or head Bfoonshee) and from otliei. sources.
' ) Doorallee, I<uszlebnsh, Belochee, and Hn r ~ r a chiefs asuistitrg
at t he coronation.
(3)
Which 11e is said to have talcell as a model. l' hey had nover
been united under n Nutive king, nnd from t he love of equality eonspi-
CUOUB i n their chnrnoter, wore likely t o view the exaltation of one of
their nation, with even more jenloasy, then the tyranny of tr foreign
master. His object wns to secure t he nffections of his own tribe ; Ilo
confilmed all the Doorenees in the possession of t hei r lands; only
requiring the atteadance of their contingent of troops as fixed by Nadir.
He clistributed a11 the great offioes among the leatlilig Dooranees, iuid
estnbliel~ec\ tl~eni in particulnr families, and fixed the crown on his own.
fie left tlie l~ereditnry clliofs i n pos~cssion of their privileges, nnd
1748.-He a1:ircli~d h.om C;uiil;illnr i n t he spririg of 1748
ulitli 12,000 mea, colliposctl of Door;uices, Bclucllecs, and
otl1el.s. H e r ~i l u c e d t he Ghiljies, iuid appoi nt ed 1)oorance
Governors over t hem, and proceeclecl to Cabool . His ariily
increased by tlie Affg11:itls of Peshalvar, he proceeded t o t he
hvasi on of I-Iilldostan, atlvtinced rapi dl y t hr ough t he 13.111-
j ab; defeated tlle India11 troops, and ent eret l Lahor e i n
triumpll, and prepared t o advance upoil Del hi . He crossed
t he Sutluj, and defeated, a t Sirliind, t he ariny of Mahoi net l
Shah. Affairs i n the Punj ab bei ng arranged, h e marched
back t o Candnl ~ar ; set t l i ng o n hi s way t h e Gover nment s of
De r a Ghazee I<lian, Dera l snl ael I<lian, Sl l i karpoor, ant1
Mool t an. (4)
1749.-In tlie spr i ng of this year lie assembl ed an ar my
of 25,000 men, from t h e west ern par t of his domi ni ons. I-Ie
first marclied agai nst Herat, whi ch surrendered. H e tlien
advanced t o Meshed ; reduci ng all tlie pl aces on hi s rout e.
seldom interfered \\,it11 the government of their clans, except it was
rlecessnrp to Iteel) up his itrnly, wllich 11e effectually ninint;~iried. He
took pains to irnprove the ;idvantages he derived from the respect of
tlie Dooranees for the Snddozyes, of mllicl~ he was the head. With
the other tribes (except the Glliljies) he endeavoured to form a spirit
of r~ttachn~ent to their native king, wliich he 11oped to accomplis11 by
delivering them fronl foreign dominion, ancl by a lnoderate ilncl patlual
introcl~~ction of his power.
Ho felt, or preteilded to feel, a strong attnchment to his natioll. His
popular manners, courage, activity, vigilance, slid other military
virtues, i~nlrressed all ranks with respect ; and strongly attncliad his
soldiers to his person.
The Door;lnces h;ld acquired experience ~ l i d discipline by their long
md active warfare with the Pe~*~i uns, and afterwards under ~Vadi r , and
the preference she~vn towards tl~em, had rr~ised their spirit ;~ncl confi-
dence ; so that, wit11 reason, they considered thenlselves the best troops
in Asia. Tlieir ellemies, tlie Gliiljies, had been broken and dispirited
by a long couree of defeat and clisastor. 'I'he rem~iining Affghnns lind
learned, by pnst events, to despise the Indinn.~, md to hate tlie Persians,
and were, therefore, more liltely thaii formerly, to favor n king of tlleil-
own nation.
(4) I t is probable that, at this time, the soutli of Affghaniatan
nekno~vledged hirn as king. He rencllecl Candnhnr nbout the erld
of winter.
the Founder. 367
Fro111 Mcshed he mi~rcllecl against Neeshnpoor ; and detach-
cd a force against &Iuxeerl;~ul~ a ~l d Subxcwaur ; he failed
in his attnclts against thosc plnccs, a ~ l d was compelled t o
retreat to Mesl~ed, i ~nt l retire to I-Ierat.
1750.-In the spring of this year he ~lnnrched against
and took Neeslnapoor (5) iund returtlecl t o I-Ierat.
1751.-In tlne minter, (1750) or early i n tlne spring of this
yeiir, he wns recalled to, and cruslned a rel)ellio~l at Mcshcd.
At this time, also, he made an attcmpt on Asteritbad, which
wils r epel l ~d by the ICndjirs.
1752.-In thc summer of this yeiLr, Ah ~ u e d Shah in:~rched
into the Punjnb, and reduced a revolt ; conquelmed Cusitmeer
i111t1 obtained, by cessiol~, the country as far E. as Sirhind,
fro111 tlne great hlogul: he returned to Candalnnr ; and
appears to have spent the years 1753-4-5 ill tranquillity,
except quelling an attempted i r ~sur r ect i ol ~ of tlle Glniljies.
17.56.-The Emperor of Del l ~i sent i1 large force into t he
Pulljab, and annexed it to the Mogul empire. Ahmed Shah
left Candallar, crossed the Indus, recovered t he Punj ab;
marched to and entered Dellli, He sent a sirdnr who toolr
Bullumgur, and Muttra ; but was repulsetl a t Agra by tlle
Jauts. Allinled Shah returinetl to his own domiinioins a t tlne
end of the year. 011 the llnarriage of his son Titnoor (at
Delhi) with a princess of the royirl f i ~ ~ i l y , the Empel-or wi ~s
coinpelled to bestow the Punjab and Sindh on Timoor Slnnh;
who mas left to coinmwld the provinces on t he E. of t he
111dus. The ltitlg wintered at Candahar.
1757.-2. The Mahraltahs took Sirhind; ant1 drove Ti -
moor Shah froin the Punjab, in the ~llitldle of 1758, and
obtained possessio~l of the whole of i t to t he E. of t he
Jheelum.
1758.-Ahnned Shah marched i n person illto Belochistari,
and tooli Iielat, after n siege of 40 (lays; during mllich t he
Dooranee Cavy. suffered severely fro111 tlne scarcity of forage.
1759.-Ahined Shah, duritxg tlne winter, entered tllc
Punjab ; ntld crossed the Juinnna, near Seliarunpoor. Ele next
(5) I t is helievetl that the Dooranee E~lll~ire never cstcndccl ~nucli
bcyond Neeshspoor on the W.
took Delhi.
He pursued the conquest of the Dooab, ant1
lllnrched as far as Anoopshuhr. The Mahrattirhs besieged
Ilelhi which was surrendered after a spirited defence, by
a stnall party of Dooranees.
1761.-On the 7t h Jai ~uary, Ah~ned Shah fought t he
celebrated battle of Paniput, which was fatal t o t l ~e Mah-
rattah power ; slid niany years el;tl)sed before tliey res~uned
their enterprise under MadJq'ce Scindiu ; (6) whose troops
were disciplilied i n tlie Europe;rn Inanner. After this bsttle
the ~vhole of Hilidostan appeared to be a t Al~liled Sh~l l ' s
lnercy. He contentec\ himself with the portion fortnerly
ceded to I~im, and bestowed the rest of the couiitry on such
of its Native chiefs who had assisted him ; and in t he
spring of 1761, returned to Cabool. From its remot ~ness,
he could wit11 difficulty retaiu the Punji~b, wliere the Sikhs
had becoine very powerful ; and t l ~ei r successes con~pelled
11iui to retu1.11 t o Indir~ ill the begiilning of 1762.
1762.-I-Te now con~pletely expelled the Siltl~s froni t he
p1ai11 country, but in 1763 hc was obliged to quit the
Pulljab, and in the course of n few years the country was ill
greater confusion tllaii ever.
1763.-This year lie was obliged to retu1.n to Cantlaliar
where there was a11 insurrection. (7)
1767.-'l'lie Sikhs had becon~e n~asters of all the open
country as firr W. as the Jheclum.
1771.-He went in person against them, and drove thein
again illto tlie moulltains ; but this expedition, the last he
made in India, wirs attended by no pernianerit benefit : a s
(6) Sevajee, the first hiahrattnh con~mander, died i n 1680.
(7) He \\.as nt Sirhind when he heard of t he insnrrection, a nd
though :it the height of summer, hc marclied by t he route between
the left bunk of t he Sutluj and t he desert, t o Mooltan, and thence
t o Ghuznee. His army, composedof Affghans, Uzbeks, Belochees, a nd
nnliveli of cold climates, suffered greatt l~nrdships during tllo first pa r t
of this march ; and he lost a n incredible number of men frorn /lent,
before arriving at ?tlooltnn : the winter set i n before he reached t he
mount ~i ns of Affghmiatan, and many of his tl.oops perished from tho
cold and snow.
soon as t l ~ e Shall quittetl the country, the Silihs apl ~ear ed
ill greatcr force tllaii ever, anel before tlie e11d of tlie ye w
tliey crosscci tlle Jlieelum, and toolc thc fiti11011~ fortress of
It hot i ~s fro111 t he Dooriulees. (8)
1773.-111 the spriog of this yeilr, he left C;il~dahar for
tlle hills of Tobib in tlic Atclitlliz~e country. (9) Her e liis
nialildy (a cancer i n liis firce) il~crutlsctl, and ill t he begin-
i l ~g of Jul ~e, 1773, lle died at Murgh, in t he 50111 year of
his age.
1Iis niilitirry courage R I I ~ ~ct i vi t y are s1)oke11 of witli
admiritioa, by his subjccts aurl by tliose of other ~ ~ i l t i o l ~ ~
wit11 ~vlioul lie was e~lgirgetl ill wars or i ~l l i al ~ccs. Tile
inemory of no easteni prince, is stilined \vith fewer acl s of
cruelty nlicl injustice.
Wi t h tlie Doornuees, he kept up t l ~ c sitlile equitl and
yopul;ir demea~i ou~, wllicli was usual with llleir I<litr~is,
before tliey assumed tlie title of Lillg.
P
Hi s policy wits to conciliate t he Aflgliil~~s and Belocl~ees.
fie applied di~rrsey to l?ic wliolepeople oj'Afghnns, and only
lo I l ~e cl~ir$s in Ihe ollter.
At his dci~tli (nftcr n reign of 26 years) his doiili~iiotls
cxt e~~t l cd, froin the W. of ICliorassali to Sirliil~d, and from
the Oxus to t he sea.
1773.-3. Tinzoor Sl~ccl~.-Tinloor Sliali, the son alld suc-
cessor of Ahmed Shah, was Lor11 ;it Meshed in Dec. 1746.
I I e was educated i ~ t his filtlier's court, alld acco~l ~pai l i ed
him on liialiy of his expctlitions. I-Ie ciune t o tlie tlirone ;it
t he age of 27 years. I t wils o~rlilrg to Ills systein of policy,
thiit the power of the Doorallees first became stationary,
P-
and liiw sir~cc decli~led. Tinloor Shill1 re~novcci tlie seat of
(8) A rebellion in ICl~ori~ss~rtr ])revented his proceeding t o recover
Rl~otas, l ' l ~e Sllirh defeated tl~u Persii~n tlrmy 11ear i\lesllecl, (the
valour of Nusseer ICllrn, the chief of the Uelocl~ces restorecl the bi~ttle
who11 its issue WRR doubtf111 ;) i t beillg ~ I ~ I ~ ) ~ I I U S to fire UI I Meshed, he
tllerefore reducecl it after a blocklrde of several months. Tul~bits ir
was tnke~l. tie returtlctl to C;rndirhirr.
( 9 )
\Y herc the summer is cooler thi~11 at Cundnl~irr.
I 3 u
jrascrnn~cnt fro111 Ci ~~) d; ~l ~; t r , in the ~ui t l st of t l ~ c llooranec
coul~tr!., to Cirl)ool, whi cl ~ is iir11i~l)itc~tl by Ti~ujclis, thc I I I O S ~
ql ~i ct n~itl s ~~l ) ~r ~i s s i ve of a11 t he sui~jocts of t he AtTgllnn
i ~i ol ~ar cl ~y.
1774-6.-I-Ic tlefeatcd n rebellion of his relation ilbdool
T<l~;u~lilt I<liai~, ~ v l ~ i c l ~ probably I ~i ~ppcoed in 1774-5, \\rho
~ v i ~ s tlefcntetl nr ~d blil~detl ; ;111d the t r i ~~l q~l i l l i t ~r of the Doo-
I.;ulee country m s s o o ~ ~ restored.
1779.-111 1770, t11ei.e was a11 insurrection for thc 1111r-
pose of ~ ~ l t ~ r d e r i ~ ~ g Ti ~ ~ i o o r Slli111, i~ntl plncil~g his I)rotl~er,
Priiice Secu~~de~. , on the t l ~r o r ~e ; fro111 this till 1781, tilere
\\?ere insurrections of virrious est ent and cotlsequellcc in
Bnlkli, I <l ~or : ~s s a~~, Scistiu~, :tnd Cauh~ncer.
lTSI.-In 1781 Titnoo~. SII:LII ~ v e ~ ~ t ill person t o recovcr
Moolti~n, nl ~i c h I i i ~cl 11cc11 betrayed I)y t l ~ c go1~e1.11or i~il,o
t hc 11n11cIs of t l ~ e Silil~s. The city was talcell after it siege
of n few cl;~ys.
About this ti111e brolie out t he rel)elliou of the Talpoorees,
wl ~i c l ~ endetl ill t l ~ c c s pul s i o~~ of tile Governor of Si l ~t l l ~. (10)
Thc Talpoorces ;IS;I~II recovered the whole of Si l ~d l ~.
1786.-It wits probably as late ils liS(i, before Tillloor
Shah sent anot l ~er i u ~ ~ ~ y into S i ~ ~ d h . 0 1 1 the Tlr1l)oorees
i ~ g i l i ~ ~ ngrecir~g to pi ~y t hc former revenue to t l ~ c Iring, ( 1 1)
Mecr Fut cl ~ i l l i was al)pointetl Gorernor. The reduction
of Az;tnd I<l~iun's rebelliot~ in Casli~neer, took place tluri~rg
the i~~terv;rl bel,mccn the expctlitious to Si ndl ~, ; L I I ~ tlliti.
ngirilist Baliawul I <l ~a~i , in the bcgi n~~i ng of 1788.
(10)
Tllc T;~ll)onrc.c.s cx1)~lled the C;~lorees i l l 1783.
(11)
12 1:lltlls Rs. (f!12O,ooO) reg~~lnrly pnitl till his deatl~ ill 170.7,
when it wils redtlced to seven Inlths Rs., ant1 s~~l ~seql ~ent l y tlllril~g tlie
jnternill tlisscnsior~s of his sllcccssnrs rithlleld nltagctl~er. The reve-
nues of Siodll, r111t.i11g the Cnlo~*ee govrrnme~lt, were cstim;~ted at 80
laltlis (CS00,000) ; 1111t since redoced to IS 1;lltlls Rs. ltejiilrdil~g Sin(i11
consalt Sir A. Uurnes, 2nd Edition, vol. i. 1). 223. The Nilrl.;ltive of
Dr. Jns. B~troes, I<. H. kc. visit to Sindh, nnd Col. (now Sir R. )
Pottinger.
1788.-Nothing of generill ir~ll)ortnnce to t l ~ e kingclom
occurred till tlle s[unmcr of this year, ~vhen a mar b1.0lie oat
wit11 tllc Uzllek Tartars. (12)
1789.-In the spring of tllis year, Timoor Sha l ~ ~narclietl
fro111 Cnbool with an army ~vl ~i ch his so1)jccts recltol~ed at
100,000 men, against Shah Morad ; nrho sued for peace
wllicli was grnl~tetl ; Slli~h Moritd retaining all his posses-
sions. Ti ~noor Shith failed in cvery ob,ject of this cxpeditiou,
except securi~lg his r e~nni ~l i ng ~) os s cs s i o~~s . (13) I I e nllowet?
to be put to cleat11 Arsilla. ICllnn, chief of the Upper Me-
munds, who I~arl re1)elled : ~ g a i l ~ s ~ I~irn,
1793.-In the spring of 1793, 'l'imoor Sl ~nh was tillten ill
on a. j our ~~e y fro111 Pcsllitiver, i ~nd (lied ;rt Cabool, 011 tlic
90th May, 1793, agcd 47 ; ant1 after a, reig~l of 20 years.
4. CIul-acler oj ' ti moo^ Sl~ul~. -His i i ~ l i ~ ~ ~ c e s nrcre nrell
regulatetl, ant1 lie observetl the strictest economy ; by ~vl ~i r l l
llleillls 11e renderctl lliuiself illdependent of lllilitary expctli-
t i om for the ordinary expellscs of liis govenlment ; nl ~d wi ~s
able to lay up s.treasi1re against ally uuexpectecl enlcrgency.
I-Ie retained the Dooritnee cllicfs irbout liis court ; but ns hr
had no troops of their tribe at the citpital, they mere elltirely
in his powel; inltl llatl no means of t l i st ~~r bi ug his govcrll-
olent. The ol ~l y troops he kept at all t i ~l ~e s cnlbotlicd, nrcrc
his own gunrtla, the Gholanb-i-Sllaul~s ; ivl1ic11 were s1ro11g
to keep the coil~itrp ill order, i111tl bcitlg mostly
Pcrsinas and l'aujeks, were t~~lcolltlectetl ivitll the ~io' gl~c~rh
chicfs or gcoplc, ant1 cntirelp clcvotecl to tlie king. Tllese
troops were well lxlid, nnil receivccl 1n11cl1 co;lntetlance fro111
(12)
Sl~;rh &Ior:td Beg, king of Boltl~nrn, had longl~eel~ encrc~ncl~ing
on the Doorirnee don~i~~ions, and, during the king's exl~etlitior~s t o
1311I~i~\r~u1~~oor, 11e ci~rriecl hie i~ggressiol~s so fi~r, ;IS to ol)lige 'I'irnoor
SII~III to txkc decisive meilsurcs for tllc tlefence of his Nortl~ern .
p~wvinces.
(13)
l' he ~vi nt ~r was so firr atlvenced I~cfow milrcll~d on his
return, lllat IIC %\*as forced to leirve his irl-tillcry i n 13i111ill ; i r nd I ~ I ~ I I I ) '
of his troops perisl~etl from the cold ; u~d stlow i n crossing t l ~c rltllli(~~~
C~tumuilr.
I 3 11 2
I
tlre king; nrltl were invrstcd wit11 some privilcgcs, of iI rrntnre
lvllicl~ tullded to sep;vnte tlle111 from the r ~ s t of l he people.
This policy succcedecl ~noclerately wcll ill m;~int:lining in-
ternal tranquillity; the provinces i~nlnetli;~tely untlcr the
king relnainecl quiet, and though thcre mere somc conspi-
racies (luring this reign, ant1 two ~.el)ellions of pretenders
to the throne, they mere either discovered by t he king's vigi-
l;u~cc, or clefeatecl I)y his full treasury :md his well-nppointetl
guartls ; hut the renlote provinces gri~dually withtlrcw fro111
the control of t he court: t he government lost its repll-
t t i o n and influence al>road ; ;lnd t l ~ c stntes which h: ~d Lecn
ol~liged to preserve their own territories by s~lbmission t o
Ahnzed Slrah, n o ~v began to meditate schenles for nggrilntliz-
i l ~ g themselves at thc expense of the Doornnees.
The decny wils not severely felt i n Timoor Sl~;ih's t i n~c,
but its commer~cemcnt was even then observable ; and it
Inns atlvnnced by rapid stl-ides, under the rciglls of his suc-
ccssors.
B e hul ntuned no heir to t he tl~rone, ant1 at t he time of
11is tlciltl~ the succession wi ~s not settled. The eldest ant1
most conepicl~ous of his s o ~ s (14) lvas :ihsent, and Governor
of Cantl:lh;u.. Mnh~nood (15) held the snrne ofi ce a t Ilenlt.
Prince Al ) t ~i ~s (16) wils Goverl ~or of Peshawer, but I~nt l
joinccl his filthcr, on hearing of his illr~csu. The ot her
princes ( 1 j) mere all :it Cubool, cxcepL Peeroz, the full bro-
t l ~er of Mithomecl (18) who wits with that prince a t l I ~ ~ i l t .
1j93.-5. Shah %man.-Timoor Shnl ~ W;IS no sooner
tlei~tl, tl~iun :In intrigue was set on foot t o srcure t he cl-own
to Slrulr Zeman. I t mas carried 011 by 'L'inloor Shi~ll's fi~vor-
itc clueen, n ~h o preriiiletl on Sir:~ftiluz I<~:III, the I ~e i ~d of
the Barukzyes, to join ill her schelae ; ;irld by llis mei u~s
(14) Flumnyoun.
(18) TJtircl sun, but only I~nlf-brother.
' (16) Fifth son.
(17)
i. e. Zenlan nnd Shoojilh.
(IS) kl ; ~l ~mood nncl Feornr were both only llalf-brothers. Feelam
governed so~notinlo at I-ler~~t, :\ntl bccnlne ;I Ilajee or pilgrin~.
Sliali Zeman. 373
srcnrctl t he i nt ercst of ~i l os t of t he Doolmnnee Ir' hui s. (I:))
I-le \Ti\S i ni ~ncdi st cl y proclaimed Iring, a 1;trgess was iss~~ecl to
t he giiartls, t he pri nces were s e nt i nt o col i fi nement i n t he
1ip1)w f or t of Ciibool ; R I I ~ from t hat i noni e~l t Shah Zemon
enteretl q ~ ~ i e t l y on t he ndmi ~~i s t r ; ~t i on of t h e gover ~l ment .
Mei ws were take11 for irssembliug ;m :wmy t o estatjlish t he
: ~ut l ~or i t y of t he new l ri l ~g, i ~n t l t o s u b t l ~ ~ e t h e rcbelliorls
tliiit mi ght be expect ed from liis b r o t h r ~ , ~ . Sh n h Zcmnn
coi ~l d not have been nbove 28 or 29 ye ws of' a ge trt t hi s
time. (20)
S1i;rh Ze111iln toolr posscssion of Cnnd;iliar, ant1 sonn aft er
r e~ci ver l ~ l i c s ~ i b ~ n i s s i o ~ ~ of pri uce Mi ~ l ~ mo o ~ l , (21) n~i t l t hen
bet; oll' for C;ibool.
As so011 as Sllirl~ Ze~i i : ~u Ii i l ~l secured hi i i ~sel f from liis
col ~i pet i t ors for t he throne, he ; ~ppenr s t o hirvc t l et crl ni ncd
on irn ilivirsion of Intliit. (22)
( I D)
l ' h ~ princes of LIle royiil fnllrily mntle nn nttempt to raise
AIIIIIIS to the throne, bat, tllor~gh they l)el~nvetl wit11 I I I I I C ~ spirit, tllcy
slle\red little skill : their persons were Recured by ir strntagem: the
girtes of thc Bi111;r Hissirr, or Citntlel of Cebool, were seized by Zernmn's
pirrtizitr~s; and t hi ~t 11rince was dec1:rred Icing in i~ hasty meeting or
the 1)ooriinee cl~iefa.
(20)
His grcirtest ;~pl)rel~ensior~ wirs from fI~i~niiyoorr, who w:ts eel--
. . - ~
t ni ~~l y entitled to the tllrone, if prirnogenit~xre girve n cliti~n ; ;rntl 11e
commitndetl i ~ t Candirl~i~r, in the I ~ei ~r t of' tho Doortrrtee cot~ntry. 1-10
mns, ho\vever, unpopulirr ; Ile \ribs tlerertecl by sonle of iris ittlttere~~ts,
sirs clcfentetl by ;L sr~lall force com~nancletl by 11rince Jll~oojiol~ (\vlro SGC-
cee~letl Shnb Zeman as k i ~ ~ g ) ; ;rntl wi~s cornpclle(l to titlte refuge i r ~
13elocl1ist;111.
(21)
(;overnor of Heritt; autl his yotrllger nr~tl Iri~lf-brother.
(82)
'I'o which 11e w;18 stirn~~lirtetl I I ~ ~lfeerzfr AILBPL~ U~llrsh, i t princo
of tile 1.oyitl firrnily of Dell~i, who l~nd Retl to Citbuol i r t 'I'irnoor's reign ;
as well :IS I)y ;~rnbirssndors \vho hirtl nrrivctl, nbor~t this tiwe, from l'ip-
j,uo Sultarc, nnd \rho rn;~de great pecurti:~r)r offers to thc icing, on concli-
tion t11i1t ho slro~tlcl i~tti~clc the Britisl~. hIr. EIpl ci ~~sl or~~ in Iris 11rtro-
duction, p. 68, si~ys, '( l'lte Ling of Cirl~ool hi d nl\vi~ys l l e c ~ ~ tlle resource
of ill1 tile dis;~Sected in Intlii~. l ' o Ililn 'l'ipl~oo Sul t i ~n, Vi ~i or Ally,
~ r ~ d all other hIi~llometln~rs, wllo 11;ttl ir qlri~rrel ei t l ~or wit11 11s or t l ~e
hi;thr;riti~l~s, 11i~tl long been i r i the I~irlrit o f ;~dtlre~aing tltoir cornplnirtts."
111 Decernbci., 1793, Zemn~i Shi111 iiii~rchetl to l'eslli~nre~.
wit11 the intentioll of imllledii~tely i l l ~i rt l i ~l g llidiir ; but Ile
\vns coavincetl his o\r7n domi ~i i ons were 11ot sullicicntly sct-
tled to admit of foreign espedi t i ol ~s. (23)
Slitrh Mornd (24) invntletl l3:rlkll imlllctliirtely otl 'l'i~noor
Shi~li's tlentli. The extensive irlid ruillous city of Ui~llili
nqis nbnntloned; but the fort held o ~ i t for threc or four
montlls, ~lotwithstandillg the utmost escrtiolis of the we -
my. (25) Slli~li Zemnn, irfter 11is success in KIIO~~ISS~LII,
arrived trt Cirbool.
1794.-1'he rest of 1793, ;uid part of 1794, ~ v i ~ s occupied
in reducing Cashmeer, which Iii~tl rebelletl on Titnoor' s
death ; aatl ill settling tile S. provillces, mhitller tlie liing
welit ill persol1 : on tllirt occasio~i he conipelletl tlie Aliiecrs
of Siodh, to pay 2,400,000 Rs. (,!240,000), on account of
the tribute due fro111 tlleln; irfter which he retui.ned t o
C:tbool.
6. Mirhmood (hisbrother) i ~ g i ~ i l ~ rebelled. Tlic kirlg 11i;ircli-
ed against lli~il wit11 15,000 111e11. Tlley nlet at tlie S ~ l i i i ~ i ~ ~ t l
(2G) iu1d Shi11i Zeillali (narrowly escirpilig n tlefci~t) obtiri~i-
cd iL conlplete victory : Mi~lilliood fled, ant1 reached Herat it1
si~fcty. 'I'lie lting sent a force to tirke possession of Furri~ll,
rettir~ietl to Cimili~lli~r, t27) pl.oceeded to Peshirlver, i ~ l ~ t l
again began to collcct an itnnjr for the iuvirsio~i of Ilidia;
but his designs wcre i ~gai n frustrated by fresh t l i st ~~r bi ~nceu
(23) Tlle most serious clnnge~ on tlre sitle of Toorltistir~l, lrntl pilssed
over by tlris tilne.
(24) Icing of Bu~~I ~I I ' H.
( 05) There is 110 fort now. It is an ope11 town. The inl~;rl~it:~r~ts
are, ever! now, Afghn~~s. SII~III hlori~tl olFered to give I I ~ his cli~inr to
Rirlkl~, 011 corrtlitiot~ of Zolnatr's obeervn1lce of the trenty co~~cludetl
with 'l'imoor SII~III, to whicll 11e consentetl, :rntl peilce casoetl.
(26)
A river between Cirntli~lli~r i ~ n t l 1ler;lt.
(27)
Beforo leirving it he selrt Sl~eer ~l ; ~l r ~r n ~c c l Iillan to settle the
gover~ln~et~t of Belochisticll, wl~o put h l i ~ l l c ~ ~ n e ~ l i t 1 l~ossc:.;siol~ of all tlre
strong yli~ccs, 111rd left l l ~e Ueloclrce go\.errunellt ;~ppirre~ltly restoretl :
but it Li18 receiveti n sl~trck it rlever reco\,ercll. 'I'lle tribes ill tlre
% W. h:td bee11 lately conquered, ilnd were never perfectly subductl.
esciled by liis brotller I$~imngoon; wllo capt nred Candiihal. :
but Zemm, ret u~. ni ng t o t he IVest, 1lum:ryoon's t r oops
deserted him, and lie cscaped t o tlie llills. (25) Zelllaii re-
t unl ed t o Peshamel.. His c l a i o ~ t o t h e t hrone mas IIOW
undisputetl, and liis aut hori t y wiis estirblished over all tlle
count ry left by Ti ~i i oor Sliali.
1795.-Shall Zemiul' s first i11vnsio11 of t he l'u~,jal/, mas
coml i ~encet l a t tlic close of tlle year 1795. I-Ie crossetl t hc
I l i t l ~ ~ s by a bridge of boat s a t Attok, go[ possession of
1Zllotas : 1~1t tile i ~~va s i ol i of t l ~ e TIr. of I<horansal~, by Agl l i ~
Milllonled I<h;tn, I<ojjur, ki ng of Pel.sia, recalletl l i i ~n to t i ~c
defelicc of liis olvii domiilions. (29)
l7f)G.-I-Ie ret urncd t o Pesha\ver on the 3rd Januar y,
1796. I-le procecdcd to Cilbool and piaep;rred for war agaiilst
t he I'ersial~s, 1)ot Aglin Mallolned' s rcturli i nduced hi nl t o
change his ui i ~l d. N o sooller had t l ~ c 1ri11g of Persi a wi t h-
d r a w ~ ~ , tliiln Zeman set out f or Peslia\ver, mid prepared
t o ret uri i t o tlie Punj ab. I-Ic asselnbled 30,000 Inell, (one
11irlf Doornnees,) and i n t he end of No\rernber, begin llis
mal*cli for India.
Thi s alirrmed all 111dia. (30)
(2s)
He nlnde onotl~er i ~ t t e ~ ~ ~ p t , fled, wns seized nt Leia, on the E.
of the Indus, blinded, and pilssed the rest of Iris life in co~~fi ncn~ent .
(29)
'l'l~e Persian invasion wits to cirptlrre Meshed. 11gll11 bTalro~lred
entered it, dug up Nadir Shi~ll's bones, and sent tlicni to Teheran.
(30)
I t :rlarmed the I\l;rl~rattiilis, tlre xvl~ole of mlrose forccs were
tlritrn to the S. of India 11y their own disscnsions.
'I'lrc gavel-nnient of
Olrile \\,as feel~le, trr~tl most of its sl~l)jects \rere disposed to insr~r~*ection
;~ncl revolt. Tlre Rlel~ornctlitns looked to t l ~e rcstorntio~r of the I~ouse
of Tinloor; the elnpel.or Shah Aliirn being in the hirntls of tlre P!:rh-
rettirlls. Z~I I I ~I I ' s n~:rrcIi OII I l el hi \vollld 11;lve thrown the mlrole
country into ;I state of disortler :trltl :rnnrchy. 'I'he PIslrrattaIrs, strl~clr
wit11 dismay, solicitetl tlre assistktnce of their neighborlrs. 'I'lre B~*i t i . ~h
Gorerr~lrlent ;tdoptetl \4gnroos meilslrres. An ar3niy mss :rssc~nbIed nt
Anool)sl~uhr, (70 miles S. E, frorn Dell~i,) to defcnd tlre f r o~~t i er of
Oude, no less tlrnn its O\VII donrinions. 'I'lre prcsent Benp11 .It11 Li ~ h t
CtIv;rlry irrrd t l ~e B~ t h , 117tl1, 2Rtl1 n~rd 29th Ilegts. N . I, wcre rsrised or1
this occirsion.
The Ilartis;lns of S I I : ~ ~ Zer~iirn set on foot illtl.iglles in lnilny p:ll'ts of
Hindostiln Tllo RolIill;rlls nssellrbled ill arms. E\rel'y Mrrss~tln~:rn
fronl Delhi to tile I)ccce!l, i~rlsiously lookctl for tile C'Il:Inll)i~n of I ~l i l l l l .
r\
~e nl i l l l ' s esl)edition firileJ, but Lire inlprcssion of his iIfl V;lllCe \\.;Is p:IrlI-
1110u11 L.
]7{)T.-I-Ie nd\laiiccd i ~~i opposed 111 Litliore, which Ile
r:lltered 011 llic 3rd Jan. 1797; but news of il rebellion ill liis
ow11 doillinions caused his retreat. Prince Mnlilnood, still
Govr. of Herat, h;rd 2U,000 men, and 1)ut for Zemall's
speedy return ivould probably litlve attaclted Caliilaliar. 0 0
tllc 8t h Septembe~., 1797, Zernnn marched from Ci~lldaliar,
;~nrl by the treachery of I\iIahmoocl's adherents, lie becitme
~nast er of I-leri~t ; i ~n d Mahmood fled to Toorsl l i sl ~ with liis
so11 I<ai~iraa.
l'j98.-7.
Sliilli Zeuian, n 3rd time, tul-aed liis i~tlcotiotl
to the Pulljab.
I-le left Pesllawer 011 tlle 25t h October,
1798, i \ ~>d ntlvanced mitliout molesti~tion to Li~llore ; (3 1)
nnd Ruiijeet Singli (late king of the Sikhs) (lit1 lii~ii Iio~ilage
in person. About the entl of 1793, the Sliah received uews
of the irlvasioii of I<horiusa~i by Puteh Ali Sh;tli, (the new)
king of Persin, iuid set out oil liis r e t ~i r ~i to Peslinwer ;
before ivliich, however, lie wrote to tllc Emperor of Dcllii
t o s t i ~t e that, at present, circuinstn~ices prevented his
marchiiig to Dcl hi ; but, tliat lie ~voultl embrace t he eirr-
liest occirsiou of returiiiag, t o replace him on liis lllronc,
(36) aad ciiuse tlic Mahornedan to be the parainoullt polvcr
ill India.
1~90.-Zeliian reached Pcsllawcr on tlie 30t h January,
1709. Hi s guns were lost iri the Jheelutn, oil liis returll,
by a sudden rising of tllc river; but they ivcre dug out ;\lid
rcstorecl by Ruiijeet Si ~l gh and Sallib Singll. About this.
l)erioil, it would seem, Zeinnli r~ppoiiited Ruiijeet Singh, liis
viceroy at Lahore.
After a sliort stay at Peslln\vel., Zemal ~ repaired to Hcrat .
Futeli Ali Shah, failed i n Iiis alteinpts ill I<llornss;t11, and
retreated. Zeuiirn n~itlidreir to Calldalii~r (luring tlie w i ~ ~ t e r
(31) This c;~usetl increc~sed tt1;rl.m in India, nrld the present Dell-
gill 30t11, 31st, 301id, 33rd, 3-6th nrlrl 36th Itegts. N . 1. wcrc raised.
(39) Sl111h Alum wils under British protection till 1771, wl1e11
he ascended the throne of Del l ~i . I-Io was blirltled by Gholirn~
lindir ill 1788. Uellri wns s ~~hj ect to hlitdl~ujee Scir~cliii fioln ~ i b o ~ ~ t
1790 till 1003, \vIlen on the 1ltl1 Sept, Lord Lj~ke's birttle, l>li~cctl tho
enlperor again on his throne.
?
of 1799. An unsuccessf~~l attelnpt was nlnde on Herat by
Shah M~ ~ I I I I OO~ , with 10,000 me11 : Prince Kyser (33) was
the11 Govr. of Il erat ; Shah Mahmood fled.
During this time six of t he principal Dool*anee and Kuz-
i
zlebash lords, disgusted with t he power and insolence of
14~~f adav ICIilan, (34) c~~i spi recl t o avsnssinnte that ministel.,
to depose Zeman, and to place his brother Shoojah on the
I
I throne. Simfrauz IChan, (35) and other co~~spi rnt ors were
beheitded. Tllese sa~lguinary measures increased the diunger
of the king zrl~cl !)is minister ; fro111 this tinle the spirit of
rebellion, wllicl~ occasiorled Zenlan's domnf~~ll, took its
rise. (36)
1800.-111 t l ~ c spring of 1800, Puteh Ali Shtrh a second time
invaded Khorilssim, (87) ;rccolnpiu~iecl by Mahnlood, wholn
be promisctl to place on the throlle of Cilbool. Zelnrrn
marched to Herat, relnained there d u ~i n g the summer, and
-.
in early ;~uturnn set off with all expedition for Cabool. (38)
Mahn~oot l ~vi t l l Futteh I<lian repaired to Candahnr
with a large ilrnly besieged it 42 days. He obtained posses-
(33) Son of Sllall Zenlnn.
(34.) Minister, :~nrl brother to Shah S11oojnl1's favorite qaccn
(l, \r~~flaclar Begum.)
(3.5)
The B;~rultzye cliief wile caused Zem:~n to be plrrced on tile
throne.
(36)
Sirafi*nnz ICl~nn, \r7ns the Head of the Bnrultzyes.
(37) Melldee Ali IChan, i ~ t Bombay, well known a t the king of
Persiil's court, w:~s deputed by the British Go\.t. to induce the Icing to
make this invasion. I t llad before in t he end of l79S, caused Zetllnn's
return to Peshawer.
m-
(38)
Sencling his army by the usual route; he went hiniself, with
. .
2 or 3,000 olloice troops, througl~ t he Bimaulc country, end the rrlmost
innccessible mountains of the H:~e;lurehs, (lying between Herat and
Cabool.) He reached Cabool in fourteen dnys. lV11en Ze n~i ~n left
Herat, Futeh AIi Shall retiretl from Subsnnr. Sl~nh iIIsl~n~oud retiretl
to Tubbus in deslkir of Persir~n assistance. Tlle nrrival of Putell Kltrru,
Eilrukzye, from his castle of Girishli, gave n nem clirectiun to Iris
councils. Shah Mtrllmooci left 'I'nbbus, ant1 with 60 hor s e ~~~e n, crossctl
t ho desert into Seist:ui, nntl :~tlvnncetl to Jull:~li~bi~tl, 111e cnl~itnl ol' thot
sioll of it by a stratagem of Fut ch I<llan, ailil thc tl*eacliery
of the Govr. Zeman heard of this event at Peslia\ver, wliicli
c;lused him to l ay aside a fourth alld lilst attclupt to invatle
IJindostnn, and Ile returned to Ctkbool.
8. At this time Zeinali seized and tortnrecl Abiloolliih
I<~I;~II, Alelthozye, Govr. of Casli~neer, on which liis brother
Sytl;lul ICIIRII, \vlio Wits at Calldnli~r, ~vei i t over t o Mall-
lllootl ~vitll his wholc clan. Instcad of ciiiployi~lg hi s
;lrnly to qnell thc rcbcllioli of IIIaIiiiiood, Ze ~i i n~i detachecl
15,000 li~eli to C;rslii~leer. I-Ie left a col~siilerable force a t
I'eslii~wcr, undcr his brother Slioojirli-ool-hool (present
Iring of Cnbool), ailil wc ~i l t o Cabool ; where security was
succecdetl by t he utiiiost disquiet and alann.
Tlie lring milrchctl ngainst thc rebels with 30,000 men.
I-Ie Iiept a lllarcli or two in rear of his anny. Allnletl I<han
who colnm:rnded the rnnguirrcl, deserted ; tlie Iring gave up
all for lost and fled towards Ctrbool. Nahn~oo( l sent 2,000
inel1 under Futeh IChan t o Cnbool, and soon after marched
tliere himself. Sllnli Zeillilll l ) ~i r s ~~c i l his flight till lie reached
t he Slii~iu~vnrrcc (1ihyhel;r country, worn out ~vi t h llunger
ruld fatigue. I l e attained an asyluln at .iioollah AsIti7c's
cnstlc; who took measures to prevent his cscnpe, and s ent
ilitelligence to Mnhmootl a t Cabool, who sent a surgeon
to put out his brotller's (Zelniill'~) eyes. (39) Zeman mas
talren t o Cab001 and confilieil i n t he Bala Hissar, duri ng
all Mallmood's reign, after iL rcign of about 7& years.
Clzaracler of Shah Zeman.-Notwitlis~~1ldi11g solile de-
fects in liis character, and soille erroneous nlasirns in his
policy, Slinh Zeinnn mould probably have succeeileil, if lie
lind resolvecl to golreril for hiniself ; but commi t t i ~)g t he
whole powers and duties of Govt. t o an anwort hy favorite
(Wuffiidar I<lian), lie involved the ruin of his o\lrn for-
tunes, nod of t he prosperity of his nation. Instead of
obtaining the support of his o~vl l tribe, t he original pl an
(39)
Assud I<lii~n, n brother of Fut el ~ Ii l ~nn, v~as sent.
I t wi l l be
recollected that Sl ~t ~h Zemnn owed his rise to Siri~frnuz IClinn, who111 11s
beheaded for rebellion. (See pans. t n~i d 7, )
irdopled by Aliiiictl Sliali, iuirl t l ~cr cby scci ~r i i i g tlie iu-
teriiill quiet of lris coul i l ry; Ire witlcned tlic breach bel ween
t he Door:uiees and tlie court. 111 liis foreign pol i cy he
sl ~onl d linvc defel~tletl I<lrornss:u~ ;~grnil~sL l'ersiim e1icroac11-
-
ui e~i t , i n pl ace of ~ ~ ~ e a l t c ~ r i a g liis resources ill vi t i ~i nl t enl pl s
to i ~~v n t l e I~tclia. (40) Th e ni ore tlcsirablc obj ect of r edi ~c-
i ag tlte Ptmjah was not l o be i ~cco~l ~pl i sl r cd i)jf :I l i ast y
incursion. (4 1)
The s o ~ ~ r c e of al l Iris crrors Iris cl ~oi cc oS PV~!fiidn).
Iililnn for llie office of Vixicr, : u ~ d llre iunplicil c oi r l i ~l e ~~c e 11c
r e, ~o~e( l ill llilil. IJc w;ls ;I Sudtlozye (42) ~ 1 1 0 11:ltl g;rilrcd
t he Iring's conhdei ~cc, a11d 1r;~d used hi s ; ~ s c c n r l ~ ~ n c j ~ t o ovcr-
t u r ~i t hc power of Sirnfl-aux lClin11 (43) and al l tire ~1. ei l t
officcrs of t he arliljr ant1 slate. Slinll Zeman, t hough prou(1
;tnd imperious, wils easily lcrl by Ritttcries ; :111tl wit11 ;ill
his font l ~i ess for activity illld enterprise, lie had liot paticlice
or npplication t o manage llie cl ek~i l s of slztle nfitirs. (44)
I
Nor lind 11e ally sliare of tlic order il~ltl ccoi ~oi i ry \1111icI1
distinguished hi s 1)rerleccssor. (45) I-Ic cnused liis el der
(40)
~ ~ l l ~ i c l ~ \r:ls niuclr altered since the tiale of his gr~urclfi~lher
(Ahmed Shall), and notl~ing to be gi~inecl tl~ero, but by long ancl unin-
terrupted operations. Eve11 Alrmed Slli111 contcntud l~irnself \\,it11 \rhnt
11i1d been ceded to I~ini.
(481)
Tho plan opposed by the Siltl~s tn Ahti~ctl Sl~ah, \\.ns by e\litcu-
ating theirconr~try or1 Iris al ~l ~roi ~cl ~, ;md rct urni ~~g wl ~el ~ his lump \V;IS
nritl~dra\\~n, whicll coultl only be bi~ffle[l by Icocpirrg n force i n the
country sufficient to ret;rin Iiossession ; ant1 that n~ensr~rc could orlly be
acc,omplisl~ed, when the IVestwn frontier of Affgl~irnistan ans secure.
( 4 )
l'lre tribe to rrhicl~ Slinll Zemr~n i111d Slrnh S11ooj;rlr belong.
v
(43)
t-Icacl of the Bi~rolczycs, nrrd to wl~orrr Shi111 Zelnnn gret~tly
owed his crown.
( 44)
nruffad;rr IClrnn was tiniid when exposed to ~~ersonal danger;
:and this was the distinctive difference. betneen I~im nr~d A1ir:im Khim,
who was the rrlinister of Sllal~ Sl~uo,jt~lr. 'l'lre governments of Pro-
vinces ~urd other offices were sold openly, for Iris own profit; : ~nd Iris
embezzle~nents causetl :I declirie of the revenlle.
(46)
Hntl Ite invadetl Illdin, 110 \I-ould probably 11;~vc 11sd to contend
with tlrc Mi~lrr;~ttahs, as \\*ell ;IS the Englisl~ ; for in any rcvel.se of
1
fortturc, the former woul~l l~rr\re been gli~tl to 11;1vo ti~kcn r e\ l c~~ge for
I
their defeirt by Alr~ried Shnlr, in 1761, nt Pnrieoput.
3 c 2
brother, I-Iuniayoo~l, to be blinded for his rcbellion. The
execution of Siritfrauz I<liaaJ was tlie punishment dne for
liis attempt to dethrone hinl. [This I upprehc?~d caused the
original feud between the Suddozyes, rrnd the Ba~ulczyes.]
Shah Zemall took the life liot only of Goo1 Mahoincrl ICl1an
but of eight others the principal officers of his court. (46)
1800.-9. On tlie flight of Shah Zenian, Mnhiilood Shah
serit Futeli I<lian, with 2,000 llien to Ciib001, whither he
hilliself followed. Malimood's accession mas at first joyfully
welcomed by all ranks of men. The Govt. was left entirely
to Alirnm Khan, Alizye, (47) and Fate11 IChiin, Barukzye.
Mahniood's Govt. was now fully established in the capital ;
but tlie provinces were as yet by no means under his
authority. The utniost liceiitioosness previ~iled among tlie
soldiery, on ~vhom tlie court relied; and his reign inore
resenibled tlie teil~porary success of a military adventurer,
t h~11 the establisllmenl; of a regular governmcllt.
Hcrat was given to his brother Fecroz, ~vho aclinow-
ledged his autllority, but govenled as if lie were all iude-
pendent prince. Tlie IS. E. tribes still held out for Zeman :
the otllel- provinces declared for lieither party.
The principal opponent to Malimoocl who now remained,
was prince Sllaojall-001-Moolli, (48) ~ 1 1 o mas about 20 years
of age, and had beell left irt Pesha~ver with a small party of
guards. (49)
After the first panic thiit follo~vect liis brother's dcfeat,
Shoojuh-001-Moolli proclaiuled himself liing, aalld prepared
for it regular contest with tlle usurper. He distributed
large sums among tlie tribes round Pcsllawer ; allcl soon
(4G) See nrtiolo Vizu~(il. Shall Zemnn had been blindeil by order
of his brothor Shah kIahmood; but when Sllah Slloojnll succeeclecl
Zernan as king, and entered Cabool in triumph in 1803, Miilinrood
being then in his power, Shoojah spared his brot;lier's eyes: and Zemnn
even requested him to do so.
(47) Not Akram Khan, Populzye, and Shah Shoojnh's minister.
(48) The full brother of Zernan.
(49) In charge of Zeman's family, the jevvels and property of the
crown.
Mnhmood Shah. 38 1
saw the greater part of tlie Be~doo~anecs (50) flock t o his
standard.
This caused alarlii to h4ahmood ivllo had alrei~dy become
unpopular, from the general ~elnxntion of all Govt., which
left the bulk of the inliabitmits of the country at tlie illercy
of the courtiers, and the soldiery. The arrest of Mookh-
tar Oodo~vlal~, who lind forliled a plot in favor of Shoojnlr,
put an end to present danger.
1801 .-On the 10th September, 180 1, Shooja-ool-Moolk,
marched from Pesliawer t o attack Cabool. About half-\\ray
lie found Mnhmood's force coi~sistillg of 3,000 nien, com-
rnanded by Futeh I<lia~i, at Eshpaun. Shoojalr wlio had at
least 10,000 men, was at first victorious, but lie lost; the
battle, and tlie royal treasures ; and escaped with difficulty
to the Ichyber liille. (51)
An insurrection at this ti~ile broke aboul; among the
Ghiljics. They offered Al~dooreheem (52) the crown, who
accepted tlie proposal with reluctance. Tlieir operations
extended to Candahar, Ghuznee, and Cabool. Mahmood's
army left Cabool on the 12th Novelnber, it met the Gliil-
jie arniy (20,000 men) (53) a t Sejawurd. The Doorances
drew up i n line ill three Divisions, with tlieir camel-swivcls
i n front. The Ghiljies rnshed on in a confused mass,
rcgardlcss of thc iire kept up, (54) scized tlle guns and
(50)
'I'll0 tribes who illlinbit tllc N. E. quarter, between tllo Bi n-
. ,
dou Koosli iincl t he Indus, tho salt mnge irnd the Solimali range : t l ~c y
arc mostly iigriculturists.
(51)
See tlie blittle described, (Soorlth-nb, 2l s t Oct. 1E39, C11;ip.
t er X11I.)
(62)
'I'he representntivo of their royal fitmily, wlio I~ncl :I pension
from Zeman, besides liis pnternal estates; but lind 1;itoly bcen injured
by the government.
(53) Allnost entirely of Inf;tntry, ill-arnied and sonic with only
d ~ ~ b s .
(54)
I n tlic action on t he lBth BIiiy, 184.0, Cnpt. 1i71?2. Andorsort,
Benpl l 11. A. in conimiu~d of n Dott. of about 1,200 lncn and grins (of
lvllich lllc liorse llrldcr Cnpt. 'riiyler nnd Lieut. \ Vi ~l k~l ' WCl.0 allcild
383 ll~ahmoorl Shah.
iiindc n fiirious cliarge on tlie l i ~ i c : tlie vi ct ory seeiiicd in
favor of tlic Ghiljies, till t he uilbrolteil Door:uiecs nrliceled
i l l on tlie flniilts of tlie enemy. Though broken, t h e Ghi l -
jies retreated i n n body t o Ki l l aee Zirrceii, a f or t of t hei r
own i n tlie hills, 6 miles fi.om tlie field of battle, (35) 11ic
winter set t i ng in, prevent ed furt her hostilities.
1802.-10. I n t he spl.iiig of 1802, t he Gl ~i l j i es rose as
sl ~ddenl y as bcfore, nlid wi t h ~i i or e i vr angemc~l t . (56) Thei r
force i s said t o linve ni ~i o~mt e d t o 50, 000 inen. Tl l ey .trrerc
defeated by tlle Door;\nees i n tliree ;~ctioiis, i n t hc iiiontll
of March. (57) O n t he 1 l t l i May, pitrt of R4alinlood's
forcc defeatcd 10,000 Ghi l j i es a t Moollali Sl i nudec ; tlic
l ast st and t hat t ri be ~na de .
Th e severities of t he Govt . ceased wi t h the callipaigli;
mlieii t r; ~nqni l l i t y was restored, tlie Ghiljies wer e tre;lted as
before tlieir rebellion.
Shah Shoojali who had advanccd iigaiilst Peshal ver, sus-
t ai ned n gr eat defeat ill &I:ircli of t hi s year, at tlie head of
and not then engaged) defeatecl about 2,900 Ghiljics, near Tirzee, 25
miles N. E. of I<:rlnt-i-Ghiljie. Tl~ough exposed to a trell-clirectetl,
and clestructive fire of sl~rapnel ant1 givnpe, the Glriljies c:mn~e do~vn
twice, in ;I body of 200, riding 111) to tlre centre of Lieut. Sprnce's
com~~nny, ant1 died on the men's, bayonets. They hat1 200 Itilled, and
40 or 50 were cut np by the Ci~vidry afterwards.
Cirpt. A.'s loss was ;I
Jemndnr and 8 men kiRed, and 60 mounded; sonle mortirlly, nrltl m;ury
se\rerely. Escept a few of tlre 4th Loczrl horse, the Dett. mas entirely
composed of the Sltnlc's colitingent rnisecl in Angust, 1838 !
( b6) They subsequently, re-inforced, marclied to Iiillireo Shirllee,
within a felv milcs of Ci~bool, the next evening; but, brolte out into
mpirie and violence, which Abdooreheem coultl not restmin. They
nttnclted the Dooranern witlrout orclers and lost 3,000 Inen ; the
Dooranees returned to Ci~bool, where they erected a pyramid of the
lrends of tlre Ghiljies killed i n the birttle.
( 6 6 ) Almost the mliole of tlie clans were I I O ~ engaged. Abdoore-
lieem was to attack C:tbool from the S.; Putelr Khan, Bab~rlturzye, with
an equill hody, from the E. ; while 10,000 shonld lteep the Dooranocs
aml)loyecl within their o m bonndirries. To each of tl~eso, 11 Yoorirnee
army was opposed.
(67) It is said that tlrese three sepnrnte battles, the clefe:~t of tho
IQ~yberecs under Shah Shoojah, and n victory over the IJzbeltr; in
Ballih, toot plncc on tho samo di ~y,
2,000 I<hyberces, by t he regular t roops of t he ci t y ; t hey
sofered gr eat slii~igliter, :uld vast numbers peri shed froill
lieat i111tI thirst, before t hey reached t hei r nionntaios. Shoo-
jah rvith di fi cul t y, cscaped t o his forlucr rcl reat (Rhybel .
hills).
Sh; ~l i Shooj nl ~ remai ned a t Choorn, (58) i n t hc Afreedee
country, till tlie iilnriviil of Fut eh I<hiui at Pesha\\.er rcntleretl
i t ~unsnfc ; rvhcli h c rctircd fort her S. and t ook rcfiige i n t he
1no1111tnins of t he Kaliors. (50)
JYO2.-IIe wiis i n t hi s col i t l i t i o~~ ill t hc d c p t l ~ of t he
wiliter of 1S02, near t he t own of Shawl, or Quctln, (GO) ill
Belncl~ist;in. 111 t hi s est reni i t y he was advised t o pLu~l der
i1 C;iriiviln j ust nrrivetl; liis t roops surrot~iitletl it, t h e
n~er chant s gairc 1113 tlicir propertjr, and received notes, ill
his name, t o pi ~y tlie villue ;it a fut ure tiliie. (61)
I-le rsisctl t roops slid ~l l i i dc ail attacli o11 C;lntli\liirr, wl ~i c h
fiiiled, iuld he retired, (a t hi rd time,) i ~i t ~o t he I <l ~yber I~ills,
~v h e r e hi s ar my so011 aft er dispersed. Quiet was rest ored
to t he icing don^ ; but t he governmellt was deplorably rvenk ;
few of tlie provinces had been redocetl ; t hc I<lian (62)
of t hc Bclochees, ant1 nliinlr of t he Affgllan tribes, refilsed t o
ac1;nowledge so unset t l ed a gover ~~l nent , and an e ~i i p t y
treasury left Mal i mood dest i t ut e of thc nlcalls t o rest ore
liis aut hori t y.
TIle Persi ans i n one campaign, nlmosl; colnpleted t h e con-
(68)
About 8 miles S. of Al i Musjid.
Sce Chapter SI V. for the
ICllyl~er Pass, kc.
(69)
\V:lndering nl~out, subsisting himself and follo\~~ers on tlie sale
of his jervels and cas11;11 I~ospitnlity.
(GO)
Properly Itoth; tvllich is the name for n fort.
(61)
I-Ie pait1 ninny of then1 after his accession; most probably he
coultl not find out tlie other cl:rim~rr~ts.
TllcCar:rvan wits worth 3 l nl cl ~s Rs. (E30,OOO) ; it relieved his present
wnnts, and enabletl hi111 t o assemble troops for nn nttnnlt on Cnndal~nr.
( 62) fiI:~l~~~iootl Klie~i, sou of Ntlsseer I<hi~ri, \r,l~oin h':~dir S~: I I I
re\v:vclctl for aonlc irrtport:r~it servic,es 11y the donntion of scrernl ndja-
ccr~t lwovinces. See Chapter IV. Note on Sltasl.
quest of Persian Khornssa~i. (63) Tlie last place they toolc
was l\leslied.
Tliough tlie court mas freed froin a11 immciliate daiiger
froin witliout, ilissensions arose a i l i o~~g tlie rliliilg party,
particnlarly between t he two great leaders, Akrant Iffinn,
Alisyc, and Ft4te.A Ifl~cln. (64)
1803.-11. 111 the meilntime Malmzood's government w;is
linsteniilg t o decay. Frcquent comp1;~iiits were iilaile of the
c o ~~d o c t of the Gholnm-i-Shahs (lting's Ruzzl ebasl ~ gutlrds),
but were disreg:lrded by Mi~hmood.
On tlie 4th ancl 5th J une a serious tumult and battle took
place between t he Soonees and l<uzzlebashcs (65) a t Cabool.
On the 8t h July, Moolilitar-Oodowlah, (66) who nus in
favor of Shoojnli, (67) fled f1.0111 Cabool. When Moolthti~r-
Oodowlah (Alrram I<han) returned with Shoojali-001-Moolk,
on tlie 12th July, he fouiid Shah lMaAmood besieged in the
Unla Hissar, which nins closely invested by tlie populace.
ShoojuA encamped outside t he city, engage(\ in collcctillg
r;roo[~s to oppose Futeli I<?~an who drew near with S or
10,000 ineii. An action tool[ place sooil after; Put eh I<lia~l
was at first successful; 11c routed the part of tlle eneilly
inlmecliately opposcd to him, slid was advancing t o tlic city
mhea the desertion of a grcat lord to Shoojah, t l ~rei v t he
wllole into confilsion ; his onrn party then fcll off by degrecs
till he found himself alnlost alone ; and iiras obliged to fly.
(G3)
The whole lost nt this period; except Toorshish, reduced
ill 1810.
(64) The l a t t e ~ wns sent t o settle the S. E. of tlre Itingdorn. He
went to l'eshi~\ver, and then t o the S. througlr Cuheut, Bunrroo, tlntl
-
Dnmaun, levying revenue ; he spent a long tiine i n endeavouring t o
reduce the Visierecs; alld, ~ f t e r plundering their lands, he marched,
settling tlre co~intry, t o Cnndr~hnr, where Ile nrrived i n t he snmnler of
1803.
(65) Who nre Slreeahs, t he opponents of the Soonoes.
(66) Vizier Ak r r n ~ Klran, Alizye.
(67) Hnvirig instructed RIeer Wnez to renew t he t u m~ ~ l t s in the
aity. I h ~ v e heforo said thtrt Ire wns called to t he thronc "by t he
voice of the people." Sce Chapter XI.
Next morning (13th Jul y) Sllilll Slloojall entered Cabool iu
triumph. (68)
The gates of the Baln IIissnr wcre throlvn open on the
liing's appronch ; and MaIi111ood, deserted by all his adher-
ents, sulfcred hi~nself t o be quietly conducted to the upper
fort, lvllere the priilces of the blood were confined. His
eyes 'ivcre spared by Slli~11 Shoojnll, (09) and evcn poor blind
Zeman made a pcrsonal request t o prescrvc t he eycs of a
brother by wllonl lie Ilnd hinlself 1)ecn tlcprived of sight.
TILE cl ~wact er qf Shah Jf~l~moocZ.-Tlie c11ar;lcter of Sliall
Mahlnood was cnl c~~l at cd to disappoint the espectations of
trll ranlis ; unprincipled, inrlolent, and timitl, he shived as
little in the cares of govcrnme~lt, as ill the toils and dangers
of .ivrtr ; nnd ~vliilc his own care and safcty lvcre secorc, he
was iridifferent to the coilduct of his mi ni st c~s and to the
lvelfnre of his people. Slrall Zeman had depl*ivctl of sight
his cldcr brotller, I$umngoon, who hiid rebelled ag;linst lliin
when his king; but Mt8hntood tlethroned his liilig, and elder
brother, and also deprived him of sight. These are the
only two instances in the Doorallee dynasty. Shah Mall-
nloocl reigned about two gears.
12.--Shah Slioojcih had been for two years n fugitive
in his olvi~ dominions, di ~r i ng ~vhi ch period he llnd ~nndc
several atlenlpts t o expel his rival. FIe Ilad consequently
incurred great obligations to the Boo~a?zees and olher clliefs.
These were rendered of Lhe more iniportancc by llis olvn
disposition, .ivllicl~ mils siisceptiblc of gratitude and perma-
neul ;~tlachinent.
All the honoru and nppointnlel~ts i n the gift of the crown,
were insufficient to rewtvd the king'tl adherents, and he
gave away rr large portion of his per~nnnent revenilc, i n
grants to snch as remained unprovided for : tllus almost the
(6s)
Tlie second t i me on 7th Al~gust, 1839.
(GD)
Mr. Elphinslone sc~ys, 1). 393, [' but Slioojn has unfortunately,
Iiad suflicicnt retlson to rcgret this cle~ncncy ; of which lie probably,
iifforded tlic first orample iri his couritry." According to JInhorne&tn
Ln\v, n blind sovereign is not :r legnl Iii~lg.
3 n
~ y l l ~ l e of tlie reveilue of Pcsltmocr mas set t l cd OI I t l ~ c Rlty-
beyees ;IS t he ~~c r na r d of tlieir at t acl ~mei l t ; (70) and i l l uch
of t l ~ c ro!.al i111cs were al i enat ed ill ot l ~cl * pl aces ill favor OF
Dooranee cliiefs. IYlli~t r e mn i ~ ~ e d of t he revenue pnsscd
tl~rorigli tllc 11;rnds of t he Vi zi er ( Mool t l ~t ar Oodowl i ~h, Aki ~a n~
KJ~NN) ~ 1 1 0 , a s soon ;is his i r ~t er est s were separal ed fro111
tliose of t he I r i ~~g , n ~ l ) l i u l a lilrge port i on of t l ~ c pnbl i c nioiley
t o hi s om11 usc. (71) T h e first act of hi s rei gn mns to rel ease
hi s brot her Slia11 Zel11nn ; irnd sooii aft er ~Moullal~ Asliik who
liad bet rayed Zemao, was apprehended, and suffered tlie pu-
~ i i s h u ~ c n t of his 11erfidy r u~d iiigrntitude. Th i s mas t he ol l l y
e s e c ~ ~ t i o o t hat followetl t he chnuge of governui enl . All t h c
ot her nleiluurcs of t he Vizier' s i ut eni al administriition, wer e
c: ~l cnl at ed t o concilii~te, and LO efface 111c
memor y of t h c
civil dissensions wl ~i c h had s o l ong prcvililed. I3e irpplictl
l ~i mscl f with great vigor and success t o reduce ~ h c rebel l i ons
provinces ; ;uld Lo l)ring the elripire i nt o i t s ai ~ci ci l t st at e.
(70)
"lie Clliefs in 1939 tlid not cr~inco nlueh at t ncl ~~nent to t he
Sl l ~\ l ~.
( 71)
IIitd the king given Itis corifiilonee entirely to the vizier, Inirrty
of tllo inconvenicrices ~ r l ~ i c l ~ sere nfter~~,;rrds felt, n~i gl ~t 11:1ve been
i~\witled. I t wo111d 11irve been the interest of tllat nriuister to rnise t l ~ u
Iting's po\ver; ;md his success in the bcgil~ning of S11oojnl1's rcign,
slro\vetl tl~irt he 11:ttl talents :rntl i ~~fl ue~l ce requisite for sucli i ~ r ~ 111idcr-
titking. This plitn lvas not trietl.
l ' l ~e king (then ;rbor~t 22 )rcilrs of
i~gc,) was not tlisposed to resign his own I)o\ver to his millistor; i ~nd his
oltl :~dllerer~ts, who aere n~)sious to s~~ccaetl to their shore of po\sr\.e~-,
el~rly i~~iipired lri~rl with jetllolisy of t1.w vi zi er; :~nd i ~~duccd him to
irdopt IL sys~eni of co~~nternctior~ to his nleaslrres; the :rl)sence of Ilar-
mony bet ~~ccn the Iting n ~ ~ d his ministel; preve~~tetl the atlol)tion o f
meitsuros of vigor agiii~lst their colnnlon cnellty ; and each lavisl~ed t he
resources of the state to secure purtiz;~ns to Itin~self.
'1'110 sligl~test p~~o'c~ocntion from the cot~rt drove a noblemiin into
rebellion: the least offence from one of the rebels, sent hirn bncli to
the court; or led him to forni n new pillsty.
Tl ~ e jealousies between the king i ~nd the vizier did not, ho\\'eve~.,
allen, tl~enlselves till soole time ilfter Sl~oojnh's nccessiori (t he second
t h e ) ; nnd the comnlencement of his reign wi~s quict and prosl)crolls.
[It must, too, be recollected that he o.c\,od his tl~rone to this 111i11istcr.l
The fi rst c s p c d i t i o ~ ~ n7:1s s e n t h) Ca~adnl~cl)., sl i l l held by
pr i nce Ilun~ran (72) a n d F u t e h I<hari ; it wits taken without
tlificiilty, nud Fc ~t e l i I<11:11i s t ~l ) n~i t t c r l to t h e ki ng, hilt re-
t i r ed f r om the c o n r t i n di sgust . (73)
18011.-13. Ilis rl cfect i o~i mas ear l y a n d sever el y fel t .
111 Ji ul i l ary, 1804, t h e I t i ug as s embl ed 30,000 Incn, at
l' esllnaer, R I I ~ ~ w:ls a b o u t t o c o ~ u p l c t c t h e scltlcruenl; of h i s
dol ni ni ons, I)y i ~ ~ l i ~ ~ l i d ; - l l i ~ ~ g tllc chi efs o f C s s l ~ ~ n c e r n11tl
S i ~ i d l ~ , wh c n lie Ilenrtl of a r ebel l i on a1 CnndnIi:u., nl i i cl l
obl i ged 11i1n t o relincluisll hi s d c s i g ~i . (PI)
Tl t e \vllole of l l l c I.ITe.9t b c i l ~ g Iiow settlctl, t l ~ c l t i l ~g m:trchctl
f r onl Ca11dall;lr in t h c e n d of S c p t c ~ n b e r I;o Siutlh, co~npe! l ed
tllc chi efs t o acknon~l er l ge 11i111, a n d l o [JirJr 17 l ~ l i l l s Its.
(,.CljO,000) ; a f l e r wh i c l ~ h c moved up hi s Eastern froul i er,
and set t l ed a11 t h e pr ovi ~i c e s i n hi s r out e.
(75) Son of M:~h~nootl, nnd S11:lh Sl~oojah's nepllcw.
(73) An ol~port~lrrity now offered to secure t he nt t i ~cl ~ment of this
powerfulmitl active chief; but i t wns:\llo\ved to escape, and hence arose
tile misfortunes svl~icl~ disturbed t he rest of Sh;th Sl1ooji111's reign; and
rvhich drove him, a t lengtl~, from his throne. Fut e l ~ IZhirn's cleninnds
mere the oflices held hy Itis fittl~er (Poyitdav Khan) ; lrut thosc \rere
\vitIil~eld ; nlld Pl ~t el i IChi~n, icfter a short resicle~lce itt court, quittecl
i t in disgust, irntl retircd to his cilstle of Girisl~k. \V~tPi.lcl:: I<Ir:tn,
was Zemnn's &Iinister: Sir:tfriluz 1illi111 (Ui~raltzye) \\,:IS beheiltlecl for
heading :L corlspiracy to depose Ze~nan. I t is most probnblo t l ~ : ~ t
Altram Khan, jc;~lous of tho talents of Futeh 1<11;1n, prcventcd the
Icing giving Itin1 oflice.
(74,)
'l'l~e g-overnment of Condalrnr w:ts now l~elcl by Prince Ir.:yser,
(son of Sllal~ Zeman) under the guidir~lce of Allmed ILl~iln, Nooraye.
Pllteh 1ih:ln persuiided t he young yrincc to i mpr i s o~~ Allrned 1Clii111.
Abll~ecl I<l~an' s son gyve up Cntldnl~ar to 1<i1111rill1, (son of hIi111111ood
SIi;t11,) \vlto~n lie invited from P' u~+l~nlt; but IC~scp : I I I ~ F~l t cl l KII:III
recovered Ci ~ndi ~l ~ar , and ngnin :~ssell~bled troops. Sltoojnl~ returned
towal.ds C:~n(I;~llar, a l ~ i c l ~ wr.;ts erncuttted on Itis approitch, :rltd I i j ~s cr
soon nker threw ltil~iself on tile king's mcrcy, wrls affcctiollntcly receiv..
ed, ;mtl reiustatcd in his governntcut. Futell 1<ltn11, findir~g his sclre~r~es
at Ct ~ndi ~l t i ~r dcfe:~tetl, went to Llcr:~t, :lnd pers~laded I'rince Pccroa
(Sllonj;~l~'s yol l ~~gest brotl~er) to iissert his clirim to the tllrone of Ciibool.
IGeroz apl,cnrod in :1rrns, Sltooji~h s o ~ t ICjrser t o oppose him, offering
tcr111s ~ l ~ i c h Feeroz acccptecl : \vllile Fut el ~ lillnrt lefb l l i n~ i n indignil-
tion, ancl again retirecl to Girisltk.
3 ~ 3
1S05.-IIe rcncl~ed Pcslia\vcr in April, 1505, 21nt1 soon
cIfter reccisecl an a~nbassaclor fro111 the lring of Bol c l ~a ~a who
calile to propose n renewal of the alliance conclndcd by
Zeman, (75) and to negocinte the liiarringe of Sitoojal~ t o
the daughter of t he king of BoIihar;\, ~vhich mas agreed to.
I<yser continuetl to serve t he Iring with nenl aiid Gtlclity
I
in t he govenimcnt of Caudnhar. H e seized Pule11 I<liiul,
i
:\ntl llad nearly beell pcrslinded t o gratify t he revenge of his
f at l l ~r (Shah Ze~nnn), by putliiig I1i111 to death; (76) but
I<yser set llim free. I
Putell Iihnn rcpaired t o Girislilr, nl ~c r e lie ~ri ade prep:+
riltions for placing I<yser on t he tl~roile ; biit on hi s return
to Candnliar, hc found Icyser hncl been dissuaded from t he
clcsig~i of rebelling.
Fut ch Khan now cl~gagcrl t o deliver up Cantlahnr t o
I<ainran (I\l;~hmood's son), who111 he invited to occupy it.
I
I<amrnn advmced wit11 troops to tlie Eedg;\h, a few llliles
iron1 Canclal~ar. I<yser triis ;lbout to quit tlie city, when
F
Fo tell Iilinn clranyed lo Itis side, ant1 recapitulated his desig~is
i nj kvor @'I{yseser. (77) Futeli I <l ~nds PI ~I I I of pl;icil~g I<YSCP
on the tl~rone, 1 ~ : ~ s 1io.t~ rcsulnctl; i i pl ~arc~l t l y nrith t he
prince's fall concurrence ; but its esccutioil was artfully
.
delayed by I<liojcli i\Ii~lio~iled.
Sl~oojnh Ilad prepared nil expedition at Peslinmer for t he
reductioll of Cashmeer, tlie ollly provilice in rebellion.
Akrnni Rhaa, t he Vizier, marclied nri~li 10,000 meu. H e
cllcounterecl thc f rut opposition a t Mozuifcmbnd, where lle
(75)
This embrnced the nlnrringe of thc king of Uolihara to a prin-
I
7
cess of Cnbool, but (it is said) i t is contrary to custo~n to give rr pritt-
cess to foreigners.
(76)
For ending his brother Assud IClran to seize Ilin~, nfter n l ~i c l ~
he wns dcprived of sight.
Zernat~ Itnd beheaded Sirnfrnuz ICl~nn, Iread
of the Bnrukzycs, fur a rebellion.
(77) Nest rnurnir~g ICyser and Butcl~ Bltan moved out t o oppose
Kammn. Futeh IOim, clrnrgetl ltirn sword in I ~and; Kan1r:~n's troops
were broke, and 110 wit11 diffic~~lty effected his escape to Purrcth.
I
I
This cnused I think, chiefly. Kamran's enmity to Puteh Khan, and
I
his pursunding his father (filah~nood) t o put trim to clentli in 1818.
I
found the liigll ;lac1 roclty bank of a rapid brnilcli of thc
Jlieellim occnpicd by tlie Caslimerinn ;u.lnjr : lic elTected liis
1)iLSSiLge in four divisions ; and tlrove tlic elielliy from their
position. One of liis sons nTas wounded in this battle. Tlic
rest of tlie road t o Casllmeer was tlirougli steep and barren
~nount ai i ~s, ;1nd often i~loiig tlie fncc of precipices. 'l'lie
vizier's ntlrniice nlas consequently slow, i1nd his provisions
began to fail long before hc rei\cheil thc \r:\lley. (78)
I-Ie, thercforc, 1)eg;ul to treat; tvitli AbiZooZfil~ I'lLan. (79)
'l'llc armies were still sepur:~tctl by the Jliceluitl. At lerigtl~
Abdooli~h IClli~ii threw : L bridge ovcr tlie ri\.er in t he ~liglit,
and crossctl i t wii;llout delay. The Caslinlcer ilrmy was
roulcil, alitl driven back 011 ~ h c river. (SO) Great part of
the nrmy, niid Abdoolol~ Iilisn, were forccil to swim, and
111;\11y were ciit to pieces by the victors, or dro~viled ill tlie
river.
Abdoolnli I<l1iu1 tool: refuge in liis fort, nliil prcpared for
a loiig siege ; t he lting's troops were prevented by t he seasoil
and by the fatigues they had suff'eretl, froin attempting m y
operations during the rest of the winter.
1806.-14. Early in t he spring (1806) the fort was
ntt;lclictl, and hat1 held out for two months, wlieii Abdoolnli
I<liali died. I t held out lionr, for two moiiths, but surren-
dcred 011 condition (91). Casllllleer was tlien reducetl under
t he liilig's natliority.
The rcconciliatioii bctmeen Fiiteli Iihirii illld T<yser W:LS
of no long d~irntion ; Puteh I<hnn retired to Girisllli ; itild
I
oncc lllore rel~elved his intrigues with I(;unrn~i ; ~ v h o joinetl
Piitch I<linn, and they atlvaiiced to\vards Ci~ntlaliar : Icyser
i'" fled into Belocl~istnii. Tli,c king, tlien a t Pcshan~er, sent t o
(78)
So great was lhe distrcss of his troops, thitt w11cn 11c cnlne to :L
I
(lofile beyond \vl~icli tlie ellelny's :trnly \\'as enc;rmped, he w:ts not itble
to liold out till he tried the chance of ;I battle.
(79) 'l'lte Gosernor of C'irsl~~i~eer.
(80)
The I)ridye w;ls cltoitlted by t l ~c crowds of fugitives.
(81) Thnt Abdool i ~l ~ Iil~itn's fitmily 2nd the chiefs ill the forb,
I
sl~oulcl be .~llowcd to reside, u~imolested, itt Citbool, or Pesllnwcr,
I
l'hese Iiernis wore strictly obserreil.
rccnll his vizier froni Ci~sllrncer ; but, nrits obligcd to corn.
maad it1 pcrson ngni~lst the rebels. Before 11e rci~cllcd
Cirntlnhnr, his troops Ilird bcen agirin defentcd by Icanlrau,
who lrns r ei ~~f or ced by 6,000 mcn from IIerat, undcr the
so11 of Psincc Feeroa. (52)
The Persintls tl~rcirtclicd an attack on Hernt. Tlie suc-
cess of the Persiirns at first escitetl a s t r o~i g sensnlion
iunollg thc Dooriu~ees ; n~l d the king a t one t i n~c, intended
to l l a ~ e mol~ed to IIernt i n pcrson, but tlie intcrilal stntc of
the lii~lgdom did not nd~iiit, of foreign elitcrprises. (s3)
T l ~ e ltillg 11ow lienrd tllirt tlie vizier 11ad proclainied Prillce
IQser,; kiug a t Cabool ; and not long after lcarnt t hat Pesh-
irlrcr l ~at l Iilllcl~ into t l ~ e ha~i ds of the rebels.
IS07.-The ltillg secceedetl i n recoverillg Pes l ~n~ver by
thc cnd of Fcbrunrp, lSW. About this tillle t he vizier and
l i yscr arrived in its ncig1~bourhood with 12,000 men.
180s.-After n fruitless ncgocintion, tlie parties engaged
on tlie 3rd Mnrcl~, 1808. Thc roy:d troops wcrc brolcen on
the first o ~~s c t , n~i d tlie liing l ~i i ~l scl f nrns about to quit the
field, mlic~l tlic vizier i~npsudcntly clia~.ged hinl ;rt the hencl
of fe\r men.
The ~~' ( l l nl l s nbont thc king 11inde i k desperate
resistance, nud t l ~ c vizier was shot in thc struggle. Th e
king's troops rallied on this cveut, atid the battle was soon
tiinled in their f i ~ ~ o r ; and tllc king entered Pesha\ver i n
triump11. (84) This victory entirely restored t he 1;ing's
affi~irs ill Pesl i n~rer; but Cnshlncer still held out, for t he
(42) Casait~l ~vas his son, but must 11a1.e been a boy ; hi s firtl~er wns
abolit 23 years old.
(83) Tl ~e r e was an open mpt nre between tlie king nntl t he vizier,
who bec:rrne clisnE'ectetl; and i t llns beer1 silspectecl thirt he vvas tlie
irutl~or of an attenlpt t o rnise Abbus (t he next brother t o Shoojnll), onc
of the confilled princes, to tlie tlrronc. The plan firiled ; but i\l:rhn~oo(l
(deposed in 1803) effected liis escape d~i ci ng tlre corlfusion it occ~rsi-
onetl. He procueded to Sindh, : ~nd entered into an i ~r r ; ~ngement with
the governors, \\.hicl~ so mucli oflentled Futeli Blian, t l l i ~t 11e quitted
the nrmy, with 3,000 troops under his coninirrnd.
( 9. t ) The vizier's head borne behind him on s spear.
vi ~i er' s party, uoder hi s son At t n Mahomed I<Iinn; b u t mor c
tirgeiit di fi cul t i es a t Cnbool and Cnndnl~al; prevent ed a n y
operatiolie ; \ gi t i l i ~t tli;it l ~rovi i i ce.
15. BiIecr TYirez, rvho Iind rciniiincd a t Cabool, 110 sooner
heard of tlie rlefcnt and dcat h of I ~ i s fri end (vizier), t han lie
s el all t he i mpri soned pri nccs ;it l i bert y; and prepared tlie
cilpilal for n vigoroils defcnce. H e was obliged t o desert
t l i e ci t y on t he king' s approach ; bi i t lie yetired ~vi t l i I<!rsei-
i nt o tlic st r ong coi i ~i t r y of I<oIiist,~ii, nllierc Ilc coi ~t i i i ued,
f or soinc tinic, l o resi sl tlle t r ooj ~s sent ogiiinst Iiini. At
l engt h IC~rscr came ill, and IWS frecly partlonetl, :md t he
l t i ~i g m;irched agai nst Mal i n~ood, who Iiad beell j oi r ~ed by
Pr ~t cl i I<Iiaii, and Iind tnltcn Candnliar. Th e ri val ki ngs
met 011 t hc E. si de of t he city, M;rhii~ood mas defeated, illit1
Cnndnhar fell illto tile hnnds of tlie victor.
Tl i e liillg urns, now, about to i i ~ovc tonrards Silldli, but
was iuiticipnted by :r payment from t hat province.
1809.-He left Canclal~ar, and reachecl Peshanrer on
tlie 10111 January, 1809.
Proill Pesha\ vcr h e immedintcly despntcheil Altr:ml 1Ch:iii
lvitli al l t he force lie could collcct, agirinst Cashiileer. On
t he 23rtl April, lie seceived intelligeiicc of t hc el i t i re dcfeat
iilid destructioii of Altraiii I<liiiiiJ~ i\rmy. (85) Akrnl u
( 8 5 )
Air. L'lpbinstonc's mission was there; i t nrrisetl on the 25th
Fell. 1809. Alcr:~ni Kl~nn reposed confitlencc i n Mot;rrvt~llee, the hill
chief of &Iozu~erab:rd, i rnd l ~ i r d depcntled on 11i1n for supplies irnd
gl~iiles. His ungo~~crnirblc? pride aocl avarice led liim to olycnd t l ~i s
very rnnn, and he \\,;IS betrayed. Moti~iv~~llee undertook to slloiv him
a Piiss by vl ~i cl ~ lie n~iglit turn the Ri ~nl c ol' the enemy'fi worlc. Al(ri1111
n~oi,ed 111) the valley, secnring tlie rilountnir~s o t ~ eircll side, by pi~rties
of lil~gberee and Ghiljie Infirntry. I-Iis nlilrcl~ wiis fioon disco\.cretl,
and his Infanti-y out-numbered and driver1 in; besides wliich, i t \ribs
nscertninetl, or runlollred, that the upper part of the valley was c ~ ~ o ~ I ~ c -
ed with irnpnssnl~le snon, iiltrnm, nunv, lost all confidence ; 11e relonin-
ed for :r day i r ~ tile vi ~I I o~ witl~orrt supplies and asposcd to the fire of
the onenly's i~lfitntrp, ~11icl1, tllougl~ too distant to be etFcclive, tlis-
I~enrtened his troops, 911d c;rnseiI lnntly dcsertio~ls : this co~~~pl et ed t he
vizier's iilnr~n. Akr:u~~ lilriu~, knowing his 111ipopul;irity in t l ~e iirli1).
fenred being seiecd i~ntl delivered to t l ~c cl~icf of Ciitjl~nieer, \\' lios~'
I<hiu~ :tftcr his flight fro111 Cnslrmccr, crosscd tlie Indus,
and reaclicd Akorali, (86) n~hcr e he received those who
went to nlcet lrim, nlitliout tlie sliiallest ;tbittelnel~L of lris
fornrcr pride. Of the ~vliole arllly, not above 2,000 incn
I
;vrivccl at Pcsh; ~~vcr, dismoulltcd, disarmed, and alnrost r0
naked.
At tlie sainc tiiiie nutllelltic i~rtelligence arrived of t he
:idv:ulce of SltrrA fial~nzoofl, (tlre deposccl king,) of tllc
capturc of Cabool; alltl of the immedii~te :ldvalice of tlie eue-
my ton~ards lJeslia\ver. (67) Tile enemy merc fourld to have
reinnined a t Cabool, and it was now certain that they were
\
I
disputing alliolig tllcmsel~res. Aliram I<hi ~n hat1 retur~rc(l to
Peshilwer, a n d bcgnll to zrsselnble the mrcclc of the Casha~eer
1
ilnny, together with sue11 troops as had beell left ;it lJesha-
wer, or co~iltl llolv bc raised. Tlle Ii i ~~g' s situatiolr, horr?ever3
was still filr from promisirrg. Every tliiny clepended on
morlcy with ~vllicli he was very ill providetl. Many of t he
chiefs coulcl Ilave, i ~ t once, relnedietl this evil, but fern were
zealous at this crisis ; ant1 even Alcru~tz Ii I~i t r~, t he vizier,
who llatl occnsiolled liiost of the king's misfortunes, i ~n d who
knctv lie lnust stand or fall with his niaster, mas so blinded
by his avaricc, tlrnt Ile refused t o give or letid any part of tlic
firtl~er'a dc:itlr Ire Irad occnsioncd. He resolved t o fly, and in t he
courve of the night, nll tlie chiefs i~bandoned t he arnry, ;rncl each
endcuvo~~red to eftect lris cscape t l rro~~gl r the Passes of tlie mol~ntirins.
Nost were plundered by hlotawulleo's nrour~taineers before t hey
passed BIwaufferabitd ; and Akratrr is said t o l~rrve bcen surrou~rded,
i111d tu llave escaped by sci ~t t eri ng pieces of gold among tlre plunderers,
and Ayi~ig during the scramble.
( 86) 'I'l~rce innrclres frorrr Peslrn\rer.
(67)
Sonlo of tlre nciglrbourirrg tribes rvl~o were i n f i ~vor of B%h-
?nood, were sirid to be nrnretl, i ~ n d re~rdy to start up irt ;r moment's warn-
ing. Tlro troops were represented to bo on the elre of n nkzitiny, and
i t was runloured that tho Icing Ired solit oti l ~i s most ~ ~ a l u n l ~ l e jewels,
md was about to fly fronr t he city. The Mehmanclnr t o t he nlission,
frankly nro\vetl to them, tlrnt i n tho we nt of nny general confusion,
they ~oul c l be attaclted by tlie Iihyborees and otlrer plundel-ers. The
people tnlked openly of the state of irff~irs; but nobody acted as if a
revolution were at hiind, This pirnic nt length s~~bsi ded.
large trensures wliicll lie llatl inherited fi-0111 liis f i ~ t l i c ~ and
Ilad i~mirssed llimself. (88) Dnriog this tirile tlie Iii~lg r v u
eserting hinlself lo get togetllcr en nnny. The army,
intlertl, was gencrnlly dis;~tiectcd.
16.
I t nus at length (Jnrle, 1809) determined by S/&aA
Shooj(~l~, to march to Cnbool, and t;llring leave of the lii~lg,
the nlissiotl ~narched fro111 Pesha\vcr towards India 011 tlie
14th Jone, 1309. (89) The king's :lfiirs were now i n a
highly prosperoos condition. I-Ie lla(1 equipped n tolerirble
:lrunjT, ant1 was ready to move ngairlst tile enemy, wliose
dissensions had come to such a pitch, tllnl f i l c l ~ Khan had
seizcd his rival (90) in tllc midst of the coort, :lnd had t hus
occ;~sinned tllc defectioll of t ~v o of the gr ei ~t Dooranee clans.
Accordingly all parties secmeci t o loolr forward, with cer-
tainty, to the srtccess of Shah SI~oojal~' s cause ; an event
~vhich cnlled for by the prayers of the people, to whom
the Shah's moderation i\11(1 ,justice had greatly c~~dear ed
him.
The liillg n~nrched from Pesha\ircl; with an army of ilbout
14,000 men, iuld ;L train of Artillery. The army wirs itttaclied
by a sniall force under f i l e 4 I<han, as i t was strilggling on,
mixed with the baggage, after i t very l or ~g march tllro~lgh
the ~norultains. The liing and Rliram I(I1an (vizier) were
(89)
l'he cl~ilr:rctcr of this ministel* was the grent anuse of the
Icing's wenli~~ess. ' I' t~ougl~ so,~ufic:ient in ~,olitic;ll courage, even llis ene-
mies nllolretl tllirt Ile nrns entlvrretl 114th the greatest personal bmvery,
and that 11e was sincere in Ilis i ~t t acl ~ment s, true to his word, n strict
observer VC justice, ilntl 1)crfectly direct and ope11 in his (1e;rlings ; b ~ l t
on the oll~er 11;11id, I I C mns estrcnlelp iriri~ricio~~s, nnll of a I ~; ~ugl ~t y,
sullen nnd suspiciol~s telnpel-; : ~r r o g ~n t ;lnd irritnble to tl~ose round
11im; dillicnlt of ;lcceRs ; slid te~lncious of respect.
AIr. E/plrinslone snys, In nly own il~tercourse wit11 him, hocvever,
I foulld him t o possess all the good qualities ascribecl to him ; ivithout
a n j one of tile bid." He si l s Iiill~d, :rt tlte biittle of Neernln, in about
two 111ont11s nfterrval-ds.
( 89) I t not being the policy of the British Government to tnlre ilny
shnrc ill the civil war, tllc Govr. Ge~l l . ( Lor d Blinlo) recnlled tile
ill the roar; but tlie lntlcr tv11o 1i;ld oii'liis nnnour, rode
strniglrt to the sccne of actio~i. I I e had not. irbove onc or
two Iiiindretl men when he set off, ;~ncl mdst of these were
left bellind as lie ;idvanced. The day mas dccicled before hc
nrriveil ; but he, ~~evcrtlieless, puslied 011, n t ~d 11;ici pe~ietriit-
cd to tlie place where l i 2 ~ Se l ~ ILl~ca \viis, when 11e \lTas over-
po~vered zuitl slain, afler n very brc~ve resist;~iice. (91) T l ~ e
l i i l ~g fled i111d returned to Peslinwer, llence lle l r i ~~t e~i ct l to
C'nntlalinr, n~liicll lie nt once recovered, wi t l ~out n birttlu.
Shah M;~hniootl, 11nving settlcd his authority at Peshawer
;uld Czrbool, proceeded to C;~nd;~li;lr, wliere, in tllk bi~ttle
bct~veen him a n d Shoojilli, tlie lirtter was again defeated, rr~ltl
took rcfugu at Rt ~wul Pindee. (92) Tlie battle i l l Ci~ndellnr
was fought four moliths after tllnt at Neciiiln.
lS10.-Tliis year Toorsllish (N. of Tubbus) tlic last place
1)elongiiig to t he Affghans in I<liornssan, was titlien by the
Persians.
17. Atn Mnllon~ed Khan ( I ) ~vho rvils still at Cash-
meer, (2) fcnring his indepeiidiri~ce, and to strengthen his
position, deputed liis brotller Jilndad Klinn, t o Shill1 Shoo-
(91)
Izuteh Khan l ~a d or~l y 9,500 men, not more than 1,300 of
. .
werc engaged. See an account of tile battle of 1Veemla a t Cllapter
SIII.--Futel~abad. The loss of this Imttle is niost unacco~~ntable, f ur
11e l ~ a d six tiriles a larger force than the cuemy. Sh:111 Sllooj;ll~ wrote
a l et t er himsclf in ~vliicli he says t hat ' C His troops had bel~avcd \\.it11
fidelity; but that lie was defeated ;" so t hat lie lost t he action owing
to tile absence of t he ordinnry n~ilitrlry precautions.
Akrtnn ICl~nn,
by being i n the rear, could not arrange his troops in time.
?'his
occt~rred in the end of June. i\Ir. Elpliinstorro silys, 'C ill1 tile Iting's
were depressed, while some adversaries of his started 111)
~vhere they were little expected;" no doubt in consequence of t he
lose of this action.
The loss of t l ~i s battle \\.as even less to 11ere been
espectcd th1111 tllirt of Eshpaun i n 1801.
(92)
'l'l~is closes the abstract from MI-, nlplsinstone's history, and
ljere comlnences a contintlation est r; ~ct ed from the n.orlcs of Sir A.
Burnes, Dr. Burnes; and bIoollnh Jilffer, head Moonsl~ee of Shall
Shoojah, \vho irccomganied the Sl1a11 to Loodianali.
( I )
Son of late Akraiii Khan, (vizier.)
(9) Finding Shah nlal~mood had recovered Pesl~awel; Crrbool, and
Candnhar ; Herat being in liis possession.
jali at Attoli, and ofl'ered, if t he Slirrli tvould resign that
place (3) Lo his brother, Lliey would rcplace liiln on tlic
tlirolic. Jaiidnd Iili;u~ obtiuinetl tlie fort of Attoli, tool<
the ex-king to Pesli,zmer, of wliich hc possessed himself;
bnt proposcd sucli tlegrnding t enns of ;illpgin~ice Lo Shah
Slioojall, that lie tvoald iiot coiise~lt to theni. At n Miilioined.
ICh;un, bei113 i~it'ormed of Sliiih Slloojill~' ~ resistirnce to their
tvill, 1;rid il plot, seized and c;rrried Slioojiill, captive, Lo
Caslimcer.
181 I.--Actel~ Khan was iuppoilited by SIiit11 Maliniood to
the Viz(trat of his kingcloni ; nrl~ile Azcclii I<Jinn, tlic vizier's
lncst brothcr, \v;is sent l o recover Peshi t \ ~cr from .Janclnd
I<~I;LII, who 1.ctired t o Attok. Sliiili NIiilii~iood n~i d Pulcli
I<li;ui iiow cninc to Peslinn~cr, :inti dcsignetl tlie ilirnsion of
Caslimecr. 'l'liey opelied ;t ~legociiilio~i with Ku~i j cet Siugh,
\r~lio y;we tllcin ti11 ri~isili;uy forcc. (4)
The Sililis n~i i l Alfglin~is 1)oLh ad\ ra~~ccd ill force to Ciisli-
meer. Ata Mtrlioii~etl \vits seized; ant1 Sl ~al i Slioojali set
;it liberty, by both parties. Ou tliereleiue of Sliali Slioojiil~,
171iteIi I<\1aii eiitrc-ntcd liim not t o trust I~imself to tlie Siklis
l ~ ~ l t to accoi i ~p; i ~~y Iiiin to Affglianistnli, \\.here he nrould
l)rovidc for lninl ; but t he Sl ~al i mas afraid of trencl~ery ; (5)
l)referri~ig tlie ofleer of t he Sil;lis, ;iccoinpniiied tlicir
com~nn~~der , Deivan blZoliuti Cllliiid, to LLLIIO~C. (6)
About this time (7) tlie Govcl-nor of C; ~s l ~~nccl ; after being
blockatled in t he citadel for a few days, surrendered l~itilsclf
i~litl was treatcd wit11 distiiiction. The cldest broll~el- of the
(3) \Bllicl~ mils yet i n his possesion.
(cb) Ii'urnes, vol. iii. 1). 237, states, tllet 10,000 Sikhs mnrcl~ed, :tnd
that nine leltl~s of Its. of yevenue were to be set y side; thc Affghilns
subdued the 1~:11ley before tlle Silil~s nrrivcd ; :lnd ditl not fulfil their
promise to the Sikhs, who left tlte coi~ntry in disgust.
( 5 )
l l c 11ad refused Putelt 1Oln11 office i n 1803 ; still so carnust Ivns
the IChiln, tll;rt he nttended tile SII:IJI, 011 foot, and l~olding his stirrup
for a considerable distancc after his departure fro111 the city, IIC urgetl
11i1n to return with Il i l n.
(ti) Sl1tr11 Zcnlan hnd also taken rcfirge in tllo Pul)jirb.
(7) Ii'ur~tes, 801. iii. p. 236.
3 3 2
vizicr, Mal~oliied Azee~n Kl ~nn, was now appoititcd Govcr-
nor of Cnslilneer. l i t this ti~nc, tlie ltuler of t he Pulljab
receivcd secret overtures from t l ~c comnial~di\nt of Atlok,
for the ces s i o~~ of that forlrcss. I t mas held by (6) a brother
of the ex-goverllor of C;~slimectr, and the ofl'cr was a t once
accepted, Ruiljeet Si l ~gh ncquircd Lhis valuable possession
at the small sacrifice of ;L lakll Rs. (10,000), arirl prepared
t o defend liis new acquisi~ion. Fut eh Kl i al ~ cliii~;ted Cash-
lileer a i d mrrrched on Attoli. I l e found the Silt11 :rrmy
eucan~pcd oil the plniiis of Chfrch, about t \ ~ o i ~i i l cs fro111 tlie
fort. (9) The vizier had n contempt for his opl ~onent s.
Dost Mahomed Khnn, ivl~o headed a body of 2,000 AtFgl~:i~is,
coniineilced the corbflict by all aclv;u~ce 011, and t he capture of
the wholc of the Sikh arlillery. I I e liad dismoliiited t wo
of tlieir gt u~s, ;uicl was l~roceedii~g to iniprovc hi s victory,
when lic f o ~ u ~ d l i i ~l ~sel f without support, ilnd t hat tllc mliole
of his brother's ilrlilp lind fled. (10) It olily r cn~ai ned f or
him to retreilt, which lic eflectcd with honor, alid crossed
the Iiidus. Since this disastc~') tlie polver of t hc Alf!ghnns
has ceased on the eastern side of the Indus, 2nd t hat coun-
try has bccn cver si l ~cc : ~i ~i i cxed to thc do~ninioiis of t he
Sikhs.
1814.-18. About this limc t he Iting of Persia demnndetl
a tribute froin Herat. The goveriin~eiit; was 11eld by a b1.o-
ther of Mallmood (Ilajec Fcerox) n.110 nrns reqncsted t o t r c; ~t
the denlancl wit11 scorn; and thc vizier (Putell I<liai~)
marched there to oppose tlie Persians. On rencliii~g Herat,
Futeh Kliiln mndc liinlself master of tlie person of t hc
Governor, thong11 a brotlicr of his sovereign, and not onl y
extracted the n~holc of liis wealth fro111 him, but violated
liis harem in starching for it. Ele t hen seized Hernt, a i ~ d
(9) Jilndnd K11:ln.
(9) The heat of tho season was oppressive, and tho Sikhs hat1 botil
the adrmtsge of position and water.
(lo) On thc attack of Dost Mahotned l i l ~ a n, somo ~?\ ~jl -di SpoS~d
persons brouglit a report to the vizior, that 110 l~acl been made prisono~;
with the whole of his d i ~ i s i o ~ ~ ; and an ecluallp trencl~erous intimation
yns conveyed to Dost Mahomed lihnn, Illat his brother had filllen.
Shah LVI ~/ ~~OOCZ. 397
preparetl to meet t he Persians. A battle ensued, whicli Wi l S
not decisive. The Pcrsinns fled, but thc Affghnns also l eft
tlie field, aild their victorjr, nrith tlie greatest precipita-
tion. (11) The vizier reaped lllc full 1l;trvcst of t he cam-
paign, since 11e refused t he tribute 1111d beat oli' t he a r my
sent to enforce it. He strengthened tlie wester11 front i er
of tlie ki~igdom, by scizitig tlie Govcrnor of I-Ierat, who,
though lie professed allegiance to liis brother M:llitnood,
was at best a cl~lbiolis frieild. Bjr this w ~ r , lionrevel; t he
garrison of Ciisl~nlecr was n ~~i c l i n~c~~l i ei i et l ; siiicc Ile dr ew
levies from it, wllicli in the eiltl provetl 111os1 i r~j uri ous Lo
thc interests of Mnhn~ood in tlint part of the Iriiigiloin.
1815.-Sllnll Shoojali li;~d, sincc liis defeirt a t Necml n
(1809), being nr:r~lclcriilg :is :l fugitive in various corilcrs of
his dominions. (12) IIe urn's as before stnted, released ttt
Caslin~ecl-, (13) and permitled to join his fiullily at Lahore.
Hi s queeli, fiB@acia~ Ueflum, (14) tlie niost i ~~f l i l e~i t i al l ady
of his linren1, had used every persuasion to prevelit hi s
placing liiillself in the power of Runjeet Sing11 ; but 11c dis-
regarded her advice, which he had ample reason t o regret
having neglected. She was of llle illost bold iuid det ermi ned
character ; and her counsel had oftell proved villuable t o l i er
husband, i n the days of his power and adversity.
While at Lahore, and absent froin the Shnh, she preserved
her own and his honor in an heroic inatiiier. Runject pressed
her to surrerlder <' ilbe Dinnzo7z(l," and evinced i nt ent i ons of
(11) The vizier was struck by a spent ball in the face, ant1 fell on
. .
his llorse's neck, on ~vhicll t he troops became disheartened.
(12) After his defeirt at Candahar, he was seized by At a Mallomed
IZhi~n (son of his former vizier), and mlbjected to much indignity. He
was for sometime confinecl i n the fortress of Attok. T l ~ e Iirncot was
f r eque~~t l y lleltl over his eyes; and his Iceeper once took hi m i nt o t h e
middle of the Tncl~is, wit11 his arms hound, tllrcntening him with i ns t ant
detrtll, 'l'lle object \vns to estrnct from hini t he celebrirtecl dintnoncl,
called IZoh-i-Noor," or mou~~labz of light.
(13) Uy Fut el ~ l i hnn.
(1.1,) iYllose brother (TVuKacInr lihnn) I l i ~ d bcer~ vizier t o Sllnh
f or ci ng i t fiaom licr. He illso desi r ed to transfer t h c dangh-.
t cr s of t h e n n f o r t u n a t e l i i i ~ g t o his o wn ha r e m. (15)
S h c
s ~ ~ c c e e d r d i n t h e e n d i n e s c a p i l ~ g f r o m La hor c , disguised as
a IZindoo, ;und pl anner1 t h e del i vcr nnce of her l ~u s l ~: r ~i d ,
~ v h i c h s hor t l y f ol l o~vei l . T h i s was o n l y cf f cct cd at t l l e
expens e of the gre;rt di i ~monr l . (16) I mp r i s o ~ ~ i n e ~ i t oF t h e
cl osest nat ur c, i ~ ~ s r l l t , and e\ l cn hnngel., fell t o t h c l o t of t l i i s
i i ~ ~ f o r t ~ ~ l i a t e mo n n r c l ~ .
(1;) Tlie disgrzice in this cilse \voultl have been do~i bl e ; for tllpy
tvcre Alalrotttcd~m ladies, and Rt ~nj rct w;~s :I l f i ndoo.
She seized t he
person who brought the rnessngc, ;rnd 11:tcl him soundly cltastiso(l ; :\llcl
intimated to tllc I \ l ahi ~r ; ~j i ~h, tllirt, if 118 c ont i n~~e d his dibllonoritble
demiind, s11c mould pou~ld the dinqlond in ir rnortnr, ird~ninister it to
her cla~~ghters, and those under her protection, and t hen sn9r.;lllo\v it
herself; ndding, c'L May t he blood of all of us be on your head !" Sir
A. Rurrrea, vol. ii. 1). 138. (1st. Edn.) sirys, that " the like I'iiag of 1'ersi;t
(Putell 11li Shah) uyed the essence of pc~rrls ant1 pr eci o~~s stones as i t
tonic, to support cleclinirlg strength ; in rrhioh tlrc oriental fi~culty Itiirpe
great F;iith." Rurtjeet 11sec1 pou~icled pearls in tho spirits lie clrcuik ; i t
\vi~s very costly irnd potent.
( 1G) I t hirs been valued at 3: n ~ i l l i o ~ ~ s sterling. I sn\v it in 1831.
Runjeet at t l ~ e evening durbar she~ved i t t o the Governor Ger~eraI i ~n d
lady I\'. Bettlinclr; but he kept his (one) Iceen eye a a t c l ~i ng to see into
whose hands i t went. I t arns as big ;IS n pigeon's egg. I t meighed 3;
rrlpees (40 nlpees being one Ib.) ; and one \veighing '2 carilts is said to
be worth :t138.
I t is notirrelevant here t o state that, on Run,jeet's cleat11 (97th J~l ne,
1839,) he desired to give this tlian~ond to the br;lhlnins:(priests). Natives
are impressed with a belief tliat t he deity rnay be propitiated Ity such
means ! l i t ~j i ~h Dhian Siogl~, his minister, dissnndod him from this mea-
sure. Runjeet Itad joined t he treaty and fur~iished his quota of troops
in aid of Sl ~ i ~ h S1100jilli'~ restori~tion ; getti~ig, howevei; .El50,000, (1)art
of the tribrlte due from Sindh) for hi s aid. Runjeet, \\,hen only one of
many chiefs, in the Punjab, hat1 been made viceroy a t Lahore by Sliirh
Ze~nan the brother of Shall Shoojah. As ltunjeet was clisposccl t o part
with the dinn~ond, Dhian Singh would have done honor to hiinsolf t ~nt l
to his master, had he advised its restoratiori, a ~ i d thus put to 11i1n on
his death-bed, 110 \voultl probably h:~vo complied wit11 t he advice. I
blame Dlrian SingR, for not reconiniending s11c11 en i ~ c t of generosity,
when he found the Mn l i a r ~ a l ~ willing to part with it, ant1 \sthen 110
might have inlpressed on his mind, tliat nn act of juslicc, though ren-
The queen l i d est:tblisl~ed l~crsclf at Loodi a~~nl l . She
cnused horscs to bc plnccd on tlic road ; ant1 Slioojah and
his people, made every eser t i o~i ill Lahore. They hired a11
tlie houses adjoining Lliose ill nrl~icll they lodged ; ; u~d opened
;L pihssagc iuto tlie street 1)y cutting through seven walls.
A few 11ours after t l ~ c l ~ouscl ~ol t l 11:1d ~setircd Lo rest, the
kiiig desce~~ded by the aperture, and issued illto t he street
in t l ~ c dress of a ~ ~ i ~ t i r e of t he Pztwjab. Tlie cily wall lint1
yet t o be pnssed, nod tllc gates ufere shut. Slioojah crept
througli the counmon sewer of tlie city, and fled, ~vit.11 t wo
or t l ~rce servants, tonrnrds tlie hill country of ICistn?ar. Rer e
he once lilore r:lisetl tlie slandartl of zr mor~itrch, arid pl;ln-
lied nll;rclc 011 (%sllmecr, ill wliicl~ lic was assistetl by
the Riijnh of I<isLnlnr. Tlie cspedition monld have been
successfal, for tlie Govcrnor of Ciish~neer liad evacuatctl liis
frontier position, bnt all unt i ~~i el y season bloclied t he roads
wit11 snow, intel.rupter1 tlie nrrivnl of supplies ; and oi ~c c
more frustrated tlic hopes of Shah Shoojah. Tlirndering
by it clieerless and ungcninl coui~try, t he Shah a t le~lgtll
reached thc British station of Sa1)alhoo (17) in tlie outer
I-linldnyat, from ~vliich he repaired to Loodianah, i n Nov.
1815, mherc his fiunily had found a11 ilsy111111.
1516.-19. Tlie reign of Malimood was t hus far s ucccs s f ~~l
beyond t he most sanguine expectations of his partisans ; he
held Caslimee?; the revenues of mhich afforded tlie means of
rlercd aftcr a lapse of 2.1 years, was more likely t o propitiate the deity,
t11:rn giving to others what 110 hat1 obtaind by,li.aurl and almost uiobrzce !
The Siltl~ ruler gnvu amny n million sterling to t he br t ~l ~mi ns, and
six or seven ladies burnt the~nselves on his de; rt l ~ ! T h e English rei~der
must recollect, thnt, tho Pjrnjab not being irr thc Easl Imlia Cu~t , pnnj ' s
~ J VS S WW~ Y tlte Bvitirl Gouer~~nrcnt cun~~ot tltcre obolid Suttees; I mention
this as ;In E. I, proprietor once exclaimed ngi ~i ~~st the Hooornble Court
for not ir~terfering. The Suttee (or person burning) is izot directed i n
any Flirldoo Law Book; all that Munnoo says is, th:~t " i t is better f or
the widow not to ninrry ngitin." 'l'he sr~ttee wns inst.itutecl by bm11-
.
~n i n s to prevent wives destroying tl~cir h ~ ~ ~ b i ~ l l d ~ : it was n politiclrl
nntl ~lo~nestic rul e; but nevcr mas n religious rite.
(17) T\venty-four miles fro111 Sil111n.
l)r~)twt.ioii to liis o~l i er proviiices. He exacted the 1ist1a.1
tribute froill Sindh, ant1 warded off an attitclt from Pc ~s i u,
tllc only qiiarter from which lie ;ipprehended danger. The
l t i ~i g Iliulself, rioting i n deI)auchery, owetl his successes to
liis vizier, nllio inilnnged the ~vllole afrilir~ of the lti~lgdoin.
Iht cl l IChall tlislribntecl tlie c1iRerent gove~.ninents of Cabool
among liis ~i umcrous brotliers. I I e evincetl no ~va nt of
respect or al1egi:tnce t o his sovereign ; iuld MiiAmood seemed
satisfied, but his soil, P~b2ce Iiclmrna, nus discoiltented ; ~ t
thc vizieiu)s proccctlings, and resolved to rid hiniself of a
p r s o n so fornlitl:il)le, opposetl as he rv;ts to some nnlbitious
designs wliicli hc hi~nself eiilerti~inctl. The prillce a t l ast
\vorlted up011 his father, aiid persuaded him t hat he !night
govern his country, i l o~v t hat it mas consolidated, without
t he aid of his vizier. He, therefore, determilled on riclding
himself of tliitt powerful chief, his frieiid and benefactor.
I<ammn availed himself of an early opportunity, seized
Fut eh ICllnil at I-Ierat, and g:trre it11 iiuiiiedia~e oi.(ler for his
eye5 being l)ut out. (18)
1818.-IYlien S l l i ~ ~ a d i ~ I<amrn~i coiifi~ied Put ch IChan at
Hcrnt, ant1 dcprivcd 11im of siglit, his brother Peer-dil
Khan of Ci~ndnllar, seized ;iiid i~nprisoned Mi ~homed Rahnl
I<h:~n, thc Amir-001-kIoollc, while Sher-dil Iilian, another
l ~rol her (19) of Fatell I<ha11, flcd to Girishlc, ~vher e he took
slielter in the fort of Now Ali, one of t he possessioiis of
his family.
I<ammn, meanlrllile, negotiated peace with Fut eh Ali
Shah (late) king of Persia, on n~hi ch he placed llis own
(second) son, Syf-ool-Moolk and P a r Mi i hon~ed Ii l i i ~n, in
\
charge of Herat ; anrl went t o Canclitllar. (30)
This yctlr (1818) hIallmood Shall, c1:~iined for himself
tlie sovereigntjr of Culcl~, and required the renunciation of
all interference ~vi l h t hat country, as ;I coillponcilt par t
of the AfFghan domiiiio~is. Tlie vizic~., Fudeli I<?burr, wrote
(18) filooll~rh Jnffer's H istol-1,.
(19) Of Cnndtillnr t~nd since dead.
(20) Fateh KIinn, I'eer-dil ILhan (another brotller) and 3l ~homcd
Khan (the Amir-001-i\Ioolk) were also conveyed there.
u, letter more explicit t o Capt. fl!ic~Mzn.do, t he Politiciil
Agent. This cte~naud ditl not alarm tllc ~ililld of tlie Govr.
Genl. (Mai-rluis of ITasti~zag.r), \vlio wrote a reply, treating
it as a forgery ; :LL t he samc tiine, in espress terms, infonil-
ing thc Icing thnt t he 61.itisIi Governn~ent, \vhile it did not
"misuse its stre~igtll by \vnlltonly trespassi~lg oil its neigh-
bonrs, il has never bee11 i~tt;~cketl n7itl1out destroyiiig those
~v h o uiljustly assailed it." (21)
20. Shah l\ilahuiood, iloiiliilal Iiing, sent, for llie vizier
(FuteIl I<linii) and obserretl that liaving l o ~ t his sight, i t was
advisable for l l i ~n t o send for his brot1iel.s. Futeh Zi l ~an
advised him t o send for Pccr-dil I<hno, nrho iviis made i' i~ier,
bat fled lo his brollier Sllcr-dil Khan a1 Qirishlc. I t nfas
tlie~i coiiferrcd on Atil Malionled I<li:rn (son of Molihtur
Oodon~lali.)
Shah I~Ial i n~ood despatched Sllazadn Jehnngccr (22) nod
Dost Mahomed Khrul, soil of Bctlil I<l~i~il, Popnlzyc,
nlitl Bagar Kliao, Iiarota, will1 Llie Ruzzlcbasli cliicfs in
attendance, to Cabool. Nurvab Samad Rlinn, Gover~ior of
Cabool, no sooner I~eilrd this news, tllail he Icft tlle city ant1
repaired to Pesliawcr, while Jellangeer advnncect and entered
Cnbool.
When Mnl~omed Azeelil Iillan, the licxt brother t o llie
vizier (Fnteh Iilian) 11ei~rd of his brother's imprisoii~ncnt,
and Nuwab Sinnad I<linu's flight, lie appointed his brothel-,
(21)
ccTlto messenger overtoolc t l ~ e vizier nt Pesl~arrer ready t o
talte tho field agiiinst Llle Siklls, wl~o were threatenitlg the frontier a t
~t t i j l c. Futell ICl~iln fired t~ snl ~l t e on its reception, an11 proclain~cd
aloud through his Citmp, tlint despntcl~es had been receive11 from t he
Goyernor General of I ~ ~ d i a , the friend of the Cirbool Governnlent !
Puteh I<han replied to Cnpt. 11f~?il,lrc1-(lo, thnt 110 did not cspect rrrl cne-
nly in the E~lglisIl; but loolred for their sllljport ; tlint i n duo time he
me;mt to bring Sinrllc t o its former state of depel~dence on C;ll~ool; and
if tile Brilish 11nd ally views to\r,arrls lllnt country, he \ r o ~~l d nford
:lssistnnce. Professed igliornnce of the lettcr written, as if some on0
]lad procurecl, by ljribery, o ~ l d illfixed his seal." Dr. Jnt,:cs Uur,ieir,
g. B.
I-listory of Cut cl ~, 1839, p. 4&.
( 22) I-Iis gmndson niid oldest son of I<anlrnn,
3 F
t he ~ Y C S E ~ Z I Bast ~lfnhomed l<l~nn (23) t o tlie g o v e r ~ ~ mc n l
of l'esliawer, and procl i ~i ul i ng Sltalt~adu Soolian Ali as h i s
sn\lcrcign ; Az e c n~ I<linn proceeded wit11 hi m t o Cnbool .
At n AiIalion~ed I<hnn, t he new vizier, mea~l mhi l e, wr ot e
t o Dost lllahomed I<ltan, t l ~ a t if l ~ e , also, n~oul t l advnncc
1vit11 his t roops t owards Citbool, Ile woultl bet r ay t h e
S11nhzad;r i nt o hi s 11:inds. Do s t Mohomed I<h;u~, with h i s
brothers, left Pesl~irnrcr, n ~ i d b y I~i rst y ul:trclies itrriverl frt
Bon~ltliitlr ; (2-1) wl ~er e he hnd n secr et ilitcrview wi t h Aka
3li~l10111eil I t ha ~i .
S l ~ i t l ~ ~ ~ t l i ~ J ehi t ~~geer , hei ~r i ng of hi s nrri\?al, 1-etired withi11
t l ~ c pnlnce of tlw Bi11n I-lissxr, ~vhi l e Dost llf[~ltomecZ I</tn?a
it~ltl At3 Mithoined I<han o c c ~ ~ p i e d tlle city. 13e:wit)g tliis,
Sl ~al l M;rl~moocl hnsteried jritll (25) n coiisidernble nrni y
towards Cnbool. ('26) I-Ie did iiot ndv:ritce beyond GI7~u:~2ee,
l r l ~c r e t hc S l ~ i ~ l ~ ~ n d n i ~ n d hi s immediirte :tdherents rcj oi net l
hi m.
Shill1 ~ ~ : t l ~ ~ n o o i l , i ~cconi pani ed by Sl~:tlizada It nni rai i , l e f t
Glluzncc, a t t he licnd of his coIIec~cc1 troops, : ri ~d o n ; ~ r r i v i i ~ g
at LSj~(l;tbntl (2 j) put .2;i,-ie7. I;'?cte/~ IO~uw, wi t h every s t udi ed
cnl cl l y to tleatll. (2s)
('23)
\Vho now appears for the first time to tnlre an active 1):lrt
in the troti1)les and re\folutions of his co1111try.
('2b)
ATine miles E. of C;rbool,
(?;) Two clays after this Dost Mnl~orned IC11:ln Iteard t hat At n
hI;~ltnnletl Iiliait intcnilotl to invite 11i11l to i~ feast, :tnd nlnlre 1li1n n pr i -
soner. I)ost I\liihometl ICl~an scizetl Atn I\lnI~omerl ICl~an, ancl or der ed
him to 1e blinclecl; ancl then laid siege to t he Gala Hissar.
(26) Tllu inclemency of the season, ;in11 probably want of confitlencc
of success, deli~yed liis arrival.
(27) Forty-eight miles from Cnhool.
(28)
Sir 11. Ul i ~nc ~, vol iii. p. Ocbl, says, " After e lapse of five or s i x
n~onths," (i. e. after lie was tleprived of sight) " l i nmran put t he vizier
to death, between Cabool ;lnd Candnhnr, \\+it11 the full consent of t h e
king. This rash act \raR perpetrated in t he year 1818, and drove t h e
wliole of Futeh IZl~au's brotliers into rebellion." A t p. 271, lie says,
allutling to there being 60,000 (more properly 6,000) f;~miliea of Bit-
rukzyes, " Hnjee .J~tmal, tlie most powerful of its chiefs, willingly
bowed t o t he authority of Ahmecl Shah; and contribtitecl t o fix Iiiln
21.
Prol i i lielice ~ h c Shall proceeded vi l Obngul r l o t l i e
f o r t of Do o r Bni i ~i u.
Dost Mal i ol l ~et l talriiig hi s newly-iicknowlet1,ved s over ei g~l
wit11 Iiilil, I I I OVC~ frolll Cnbool to o p l ~ o s e Shi rh Ma hmood.
I l 7hi l e bot l l part i cs \vere cngnged ~. r r i ~l chi ~i g each ot her' s
~ n o t i o ~ i s , l l i l was I(hnli, N; r~vi \ z ICl~nli, :1ntl Al t bnr IChan,
j oi i i cd Do s l M;rlionled. S h i ~ h Ri l i i l i ~l l ~od l os l 1111 co~i fi t l cncc
ir11d r ct i i r ~i cd low:\rtls Gh ~ ~ r , ~ i c c , wl ~i l c D~s L Ma l ~ o ~ i i c t l I(li;~ll
rct11l.iic.d Lo Cab001 ill t r i u~npl l . Mi r l ~ome d 1-1zecln I<li:ril
cluiltctl Cnslluiecr, rct uri i ed l o Pcsl i i r nl ~~r , a n d l cfl C)asliiiicer
ill ch:rrge of hi s brol her Nu w; ~ b J ~ i b b a r I <hn~i . ('39) 0 1 1 liis
on his tllrono. T11e silcccssors of t l l i ~t monarch re~r.:rrclccl his services,
I)y t he 1111rrder of his son pq,llnd(~ Iihniz; and we have relittecl the irtro-
ci ol ~s nssrrssinatiou of liis grarltlsnn t he vizier," (1~'utcli Klrari.)
" l' lle tragctly ~vl ~i c l ~ tcrmin:~tctl the life of I.Lleh IiIto)~, l3nrulizye,
is, 11~311al)s, without ~)irritIlel in modc~.n tinles. Mind ~rntl bound I I C \tVi1s
let1 into t he Court of Mal~~iiood, XVII~I-e 110 11;rd so Intcly rulctl wit11
; ~bsol i ~t o ponrcr. Tlie Icing- taunted 11im for Ilis cri~~zcs, i r ~ l t l dosiratl l~irn
to use his i~iflueuce wit11 his I ~r ot l ~e ~~s , t l i ci ~ i n rebellion. Ere replied
rvitl~ont fcirr, ant1 nit11 great fortitude, tlint Ile was now but a ~)oor,
blir~rl nlilrl, irntl hat1 no concern ~vitli nfi ~i rs of stirte. Mirl~r~~oocl irrit~rted
~t Iris obstirr;~ny, gave the 1:rst ort l e~s for his tleatl~, iintl this ~~r~t ~ort ur~: rt e
mall wits de1iber:rtcly cnt to pieces by tlie nobles of the court ; joint
wns sepihrrtecl from jnint, limb from lirnb, his nose ant1 llis cars were
1ol)l)etI OK; nor Ilad the vit;rl sp; ~rk Ilecl, till the I~cirtL \v;ts r;ep:~rirtetl
from t he rniriiglccl trunk. Fut el ~ Khnn bore tl~ese cruel t ort ~i res with-
out a sigh ; lie stretched out liis cliKcrcroit linil~s to thoso ~ ~ l i o tliirstctl
fur his l)looil, ilnd esliibited tlie snlao cool ir~diff~~rerice, the same reck-
less corltcrnl)t 1'01. his o1r.n life, wl~ich Iio 11ird so ofteri aliowri for tllnt of
otllcrs. 'l'I1e 111001Iy renlitins of this ~l nfort rl r~; ~t e person, wero girtl~orcd
i l l 11 cl ot l ~ ;111tl sent to Gl~nzr~ee, nel~ere tliey were iriterred."
I Iirrvs I ~ei ~r d from one !!7ell cl~~irlilietl to know tile f; ~ct I'rorn Ilirving
resided i ~ t Ho.at, tllirt Pfclelb Ifl~un nlrrs ungrlged in a 1)lot to depose 511;11~
n1Iirli111o(1d, tvllial~ i f true (tllorlgl~ ove1.y one nlust clel)recirte ~ I I H cruclty
of the vixier's deiltll) tilltirlg his life \a~ould h:rve bee11 i ~ccor t l i l ~~ tu t l ~ c
cust o~n of tho co~~nt r y.
I t will I)c rcc~)llected tlr:rt Ire scixo~l X,I;~hn~ootl's brotllor
I-Ierrrt, rui~l if IIC did cleposs orrc I)rotlicr, t l ~crc is I'irir I . ~ : I ~ ~ I I to I,clil:~~c
tllitt 11e woulcl try to displiroc ccaotlt.t!r; itlirI we 11:~vc csnn~plcs itlllorlg
])is brot l ~ers of suclr ircts.
(29) Dust h l i ~ l l u ~ t ~ ~ t l ' ~ clcler brotlicr.
3 ~ 2
way, Mahomed Axeen1 Iclian Ilad an interview witli ,Shah
Ayoob, (30) and scnt his brother Peer-dil I<lian and i\iladiid
I<lli111 to conducl; Shah Slroojah-ooLMoolk, (31) fro111 Dera
Gl ~i ~zee I<l ~an (where he had arrived on his firs1 expedition)
to Ptlslia~ver. Shortly after t he Shah's arrival, Azeen~ lchan
c l e ~i ~a ~~de d the dispersion of t he Shi~h' s troops, and delivery
of his artillery. The Shah refused, i111d l e a v i ~~g Peshawer
he statio~ied himself at 'I'akal nlhere he mas attacked ; one
of liis magazines of gunpowder exploded ; and Inany per-
sons lost their lives, and n defeat W~ I S the result. The Sliali
tlren, once more, cscnped to the Iihl/lrer hills. hiInIio~ned
Azeeni Ichiin an11 Shahi engaged to declare Sl~ah Ayoob,
viceroy of PesIio\ver, to which they retired.
When Miihomed Azee111 Khiui, eldest survivor of t he
family, r e t un~e d from Cashiileer, he rcsolvcd t o tlethrone t he
murclerer of liis brother ; Mnhvzood, afraid t o encounter tlic
rebels, fled to IIernt, nlhicli involved n virtuill resignation
of his power ; lie retilined Herut iund the title of 1ii11g ; but
~ ~ i n l i into i l vnss;ll of Persia.
hzceln I<liali, says Sir A. Bu~n.es, Cc now took [lie extrilor-
(1in;iry stcp of recirlling Sl~oojnll-ool-~oollcl-01-1 fro111 liis exile.
I I c offrrcd hiln t l ~ e crown of Cirbool, aud sent n Koran t o
the cs-mol~trrch, u~l der his sea2, according to t he custom of
the country, as proof of his sincerity. Shooj:lh repaired with
every despi~tch t o Pesllanrer." (38)
Dost i\3ahomed Khan hearing of these events, wrote
requesting his brotlier i\iIallol~~ed. Azeelil I<~I~LII) if lle liad
any regard for 11i111, to depose Shah Ayoob; as lie (the Rost )
Iiatl declared Soolton Ali, the lrillg a t Ci~bool.
(30) Brother of Slrah Blilhn~ood.
(31)
He had left Loodii~nirli on the 13th Oetobe~., 1818, on Iris first
expedition to try and recover his throne. I-le ~~et urned to Loodi i ~nal ~
in 1841, when his pension of .L'4,800 n year was as;riri paid to him. 'l'he
Government gave no support or public sanction to the eiiterprise,
\vllich failed. In 1819, also, Sltoh Zcmun caine to reside ; ~ t Iroodiiinal~.
(32) \'ol. iii. p. 211.3 ; but I1e i~clds p. 21.6-r1 Shooj~rh after all his mis-
fortunes, might have ao\v re-ascended the throile of his nnceslovs; 11ut
l l ahomed hzeenl I<han nrrote t hat , if he, Do s t Ma homc d
I<han, had any i r~t eri t i o~l t o aspire t o tllc chi ef aut hori t y,
h e would relire t o Pesl ~awer : Do s t Mi ~l l on~e d, fintliog he
could not gain t he ascendaticy, ab:uldoned t he caus e of Sool -
tar1 Al i ; 2nd owned t he soprel nacy of Mi ~honi e d h e e l 1 1
I<lian. Mnhomecl Azeel ~i I<lintly t l ~ei i , accon~pnni ed by
S11:rli A!.oob, ent ered Cnbool ; :~ild soon i ~f t e r hi s ill-rival,
he acl\liued Shah Ayoob t o sunction l l i e mur der of S111tan
Ali. (33)
1819.-'32. 011 l ei ~vi ng Casl ~meer , Mi l l ~ o ~ n e d Az c c l ~l
Klian, e~itrtlstecl tlie gorel.li111ent of i t t o ATrawaB Jl~bbav-
Xhn, ~, (34) and about this period l t n l ~j c e t Si ngh contcmpl:tt-
ed tlie rcductioii of C;~shriicer. TVlie~i iie\vs of t he irpproacli
of t he Si kh t roops reached C;rshnieci; Nn\ vi i b J ubbnr ICl~iiti
mitrcllcd out of t he city a t t he h e ; d of hi s forces, iitld aft er
viaions operations, being reillforced, t h e Namnb boldly
irttirclred, niid st rnck t error i nt o t he r a~l l r s of t he enemy.
Next d i ~y he ~ n n d e a ni ght attncli (35) i n whi ch lie failed,
ivas mounded, ; ~nd fled nritli 1,000 s uwar s : lie rcaclied
I'eshawer, and afterwivcls moved t o Cabool.
Th e inurtlel: of Soollan Ah, ggltve gr eat offer~ce t o D ~ S L
Maliomed IClin11 ; (36) bnt he conceal ed hi s anger, ( t l ~ougl l
before Azeen~ Khan had reached Peshaivcr, he (Slloojal~) premi~terely
displayed his notions of royirl :~uthorit); by insultillg sorne friend of
his benefnctoi; whom hc considered t o be encro:~cl~ing on Ilis cljgnity,
by using npctlunkecn, l'11e whole Bilrukzye fnnlily took offencu at sr~cla
ill-timed pride ; and Azeeni IChan determined to place a nlore compli-
ant mirstcr on the throne." " A fi~vornble opportunity presented itself
in tllc person of Ayooli (or Job), it brother of S11ooj~11. I-le entered tho
cnrilp of Azccm ICllnn, r~nd sued for the throne as the most abject of
s111ves. 3lalce rile but king,' he said, ' permit money to be coined
in 111y nikme, i~rid the wl~olo poivcr nrrd resonrces of the kingdom miiy
rest with yorrrself; my ambition will be si~tisfied sit11 br ed, i ~nd tlic
title of king.' This rvi~s jnst the the person the Barulcxpes wanted,
ant1 his conditio~ls wcre nccepted."
(33) El is brotl~er.
(38) l'lle brothcr next in srrceession to himself.
(36) Cl~upao, nncl for rvhich thc Affgllnns were f;~n~ecl.
(36) He wishecl to rnise ltiln to tlie tl~rotle ; nrld go\,erri iIs vizier.
Ilc trictl to rnisc troops t o oppose hiur;) i u~t l at Icngtll
;~cl\-~lo~vlerlgrd the supremacy of his brotlicr (illallo~netl
Azceln I<lian), n11t1 became reconciletl. (37)
Dost Mallomcd IChnn proceedetl from Cnbool t o\ vi ~ds
Cruldnlinr. 011 liis arrival at Ghnznee, lie clisguised liiniself
irr tlre habit of a, Icliiclntut~ar, imd etltcred t he fort (under
t he pretence of buying pr o~~i si ons) with n few follomcrs. hb-
doorrchriian Khan, the Goveroor of Ma l ~ o ~ i ~ e d Azeelll I<h;ul,
nrcilL u p to Dost hZnliolilet1 I<1in11, ill order Lo ascertain wllo
Ire m:is. No sooner merc they collfro~ltcd, than Dost Miho-
met1 1Chn11 shot /his visitor dead O ~ L tlie spot, n?~cZ 91iccde him-
self ~ncister oJ' the place. (38) Mnl i o~ned Azecnl ICl~nu pro-
ccetled n~itli his troops to Ghwnee. Dost R'lahomcd I<llnn
fortilied himsclf within t he fort, anil prep;ired for a vigorous
siege.
For solile days an irrcgulnr cannonade w7:rs liept up on
both sides. At length Dost Mahoaled wrote to Nuwnb
Snuincl Khon his determination llever t o resign the place ;
ntldi~lg that he cnlne t l ~er c with the view to taltc away tlic
Governor's life, and would omit no opportunity Lo take hi s
(the 1Vzt7ue~lT),s) I I I I ~ ~ S S 11e were nllo~ved t o kcep possession.
Tile Nu~vnb concilii~ted h/l;~llomcd hzcem I<han, iintl Dost
l\'liiliolned I<h:i11, who, l e a v i ~~g Ghuzl ~ee mlder Alllccr
M:iho~iietl I<h:rn, melit to Cirbool.
23.
JT'lre~l ~I ahomet l Azeew IChn~l ~aeceivcd (39) inlcl-
ligence of the :rrrirnl of Shah S' l i ooj al ~- oo2- ~~00 at Shiliar-
1100'; Ile proweeded to Candalinr :rccompn~lied by Dost Ma-.
ho~ner! 1<lln11, Numirb Jubbnr IChal~, iultl his otl~el* brotliers.
He clespatched llalf liis eniiy u ~ ~ d e r his brother Sher-tlil
(37)
&IaIlomed Aaeeni l i l ~i i t l retrncecl his steps t o Cnbool; nntl
Uost iIIil11omed Kl ~nn, leaving llis partiz;~ns at llis brotlier's mercy, flcil
to Pesh:incr. Dost RIahonled nfter\rartls came to Ci~bool ; brlt Al:tl~o-
n ~e d Azeeln Khnn ordered 11i1n to lcnve it ; as 11e \vns of IZO B( JI . V~CL' / O
hi m ; ;in11 to go whore 11e pleasetl.
(39) Tl ~i s is one of the niost prominent acts of this m:~ll's life t o
rise t o powor.
(39) Said to have been six months after t he above events.
l ' l ~i s
would bring the transaction to t he end of 1810.
Ichnn. At Datlur, Slier-dil Khan mas ovcrtnlren by Malio-
nied Azeelil I<ha~i, wit11 the rear of his nriny ; and liere t hc
Sirtlar was visited by Mehrab I <l i a~~, tlie Beloochee chief,
~vlio cmne to do him liol11ogc. (40)
1822.-About the e11d of this ycnr a dcpntntion nrns sent
by &l~rharnjnIi Ru~i j cct Sing11 t o Sirdar Mahomctl Azccm
I<hnn, des i r i ~~g hi111 to resign all claim to Caslmecr. (41)
(40)
\Bhicl~ hc refused to Shah Slroqjali in i\Inrcl~, 1839, anel ori
18tlr Wov. 1839, Irc was Itillcd nt tlre stornlirlg nf his f or t (I<l~el;lt). I\
Ictter lrns addressed to t l ~ c Sindlrinns enjoining then1 t o expel Shi ~l i
Sl~oo,jr~h from their country. 'I'lrer cnmpclled him to lcnve Sinrll~, illid
t l ~ c lii~ig rct er~i ed to Looeliani~lr, vih Jcssclnlere and Jypore, in tlie
yerriv 1821.
(41)
I t is n cr~l*ior~s historicnl h~c t , t hat nbout this periocl, the Go-
vernor of Casl~mecr sent a message to t he resident a t Dcll~i, offering to
clcliver up that fertile v:rlley to tllc British Gosernnreirt. But, i t mas
i'ouild tl~irt, by an i~rticlo of the t reat y (1809) the :iccept;~ncc of tlie
oEer n,oultl 11nve involved its infieaction ("not to occnpy any territory
t o the N. of t he Punjnb," an11 C~shnl cer is IN. 115,) \Viiether t he treaty
wasso worcled advisedly, or nritlro~it loolcing a t remote contingencies, 1
(lo riot know. AIL (nost Sir C.) d4otcn/jii stood too high as a politicilin
not to have foreseen the probebility of i t s f:~lling into t he hands of the
Siltlls. I mill venture i ~ t a solutio11 of tile problem.
In tlre beginning of t he years 1810 ant1 1811, the Gavt. sent expccli-
tions to tlre lvle oJ' France ant1 to Java ; :ind, \vc lind too inrich 011 our
I~ands to force a trcnty. AItrjor-Crenl. St. Legev's force (ncconl ~ani ed
I)y Sir D. Och1~1'107q and ~\.II., iVfclcn/$eJ 11ad rcncl~etl t he S I I ~ ~ I I ~ , ; I I ~LI
returned in April, 1809. R~~n j e e t declined tlie article, usu;il in utlr
treaties ~r i t h :rII native powers, requiring tlre giving up all Eriropenn
clescrters.
I t is to be regretted tlr:rt so valunble n valley, said t o be, in reality,
;IS 1)eautifiil as ascribccl bj' ~voola, sllould have fallerl into s uc l ~ Ilancls.
Slier Sing11 (R~lnjeet' s aclopted so^^) t he Govr. i t was s~rp~~osecl , rvould,
011 t l ~e Ali~lii~rajirh's tlentl~, declare Iris independence; i t is not tin i n~pro-
1);lble everrt; and tlre dilficnlt nntcrre of tlrnt corintry, as rrlrendy men-
tiol~ed in Alrranr If'ltnr~'s rctiSe:~t, renders t he measure of easy nccom-
plisl~ment.
When the offer was made t o our Govt., tire Govr. <\*as ],re-
pared to lend our trool~s by a roird througlr tlre Ilills, avoi di i ~g t he route
by the Punjal~. I n our possession, in ir comnrercii~l point of view, no
less t11ar1 on the score of I~i ~~ri ani t p, we nriglit soon liave regcneratetl
n con~itry, c;rlled by the n:~ti~.es, with truth, tllc " P(ivatlise of the
Easl."
1823.-Sil-dar Mahomed iizeeni I<han 111~oceedetl t o ATOU-
shepa, in Jnnii:lry, 1833, whcre w:ls foiight t he action
already described (42) in ~vhicli the Afl'g1i:uis were defeated,
and on lvhicll occasion Dost hlaliomed Iclian did not sup-
port t he character wliicli illight have bcen expected from
liis contluct at the bi ~t t l e of Cliuch, in 1811.
Runjeet Si i i gl ~ ~ r o t c to &li~Iiomed Az c e ~n Khan that, if he
~voultl selid ir deputation to him, lie \vould restore Peshnwer ;
lie (lid so, and Runjcct fulfillctl liis p1.otnise. h4:lhometl
Az ~ c m I<lian tlicn procectled to\vards Cabool, and wils tal;eli
ill on tlie road ; Dos t Mnllomed I<han rel x~i rcd t o Cnbool,
and Sirdar Malionlet1 I<lian died shortly afterwards, t o t he
great so1.row of llie people. (43).
On t he fourth day nfter this event, Dos t Mahomed I<han
and Yar hilrrl~omctl IClian, coiifcrred on t he son (IIabecb
Oollah I Cl i i ~ l ) tlic robe of Sardaree ; atid tleclarcd h i n ~ t he
Rulcr of Cill~ool, in tlie place of liis fi~tlier. Owi ng t o t he
intrigues carried on by t he above IChans, Rabeeb Oollali
Iilinn sclit n message t o tlleln t o inforlii tlieln tlint t hey
wcrc of no sesricc t o him, i n coasequence of which DOS~
hl : ~l i on~ed 1<11:1ii and Pa r Mi~hoined Iilian, quittetl Cabool,
arid joirictl SJL~A Ayoob ; between nllloll~ atit1 I-Inbeeb 8011ah
Iilinn, tliey bcgnn to sow t he seeds of ill-will ; and setluced
t he simple Ayoob i nt o tlieir view, and plirns. H e (Ayoob)
conferred the office of vizier on Yur Mahomed I<lian, mid
thilt of Sirdar ou Dost Mahomed Khan, n~hi ch were duly
proclnimerl.
IIabeeb Oollnh IChan ordered his troops t o lay siege t o
tlie 13i~la Hissar. When Sl ~al i Ayool, licard of this, Do s t
M: ~hon~ed Iilian began t o raise con~motions, but fai l i ng i n
his object, he fled t o Gl i uzne~, still in his possessi ol ~ ; a n d
Ynr hfal ~omed returned to Pcshalver,
24.
Four ~l l ont hs after this insnrrection Dos t i' dnhomed
Khan set out on his return to Cabool, with t he vi ew o f
creating fresh disturbances, but on liis approiich t o the f or t
(49) See Noushera (24th Nov. 1839) at Chapter SV.
($3) HQ and Jubbar Khnn appear to have been the most moderato
of tho whole of the brothers.
of I-lashif, liis progress mas cliccketl by I-Iirbeeb Oollall
I<Iiiui's troops ; pence IviLs rcstored betweell tlic comba-
tants ; and Dost Mnliomed I<lia~l nnd Habeeb Oollali ICliaii
rctunied together to Ciibool; wliere tlic former wciit to
reside ill the Mulialln of Jawail Slier.
A few days after~vards, EIabeeb Oollid~ ~vr ot e to (his
uncle) Peer-dil Khan of Ciuidaliar, and entreated him to
come t o liis aid mith troops ; lie mirrclied immediately, and
011 reaching Ghiiznee lcft hi8 party there, ant1 hastencil on
mith only it few follo\vers (su\vc.nrs). I l e coiifirlllcrl the
reconciliiition bet~veen thc contending parties. Tlie moun-
tain tracts nterc coliferrcd, ill Inghier, on Dost Mnl ~o~nccl
I<han, on which lie rctired to Chareelcar. Pccr-tlil I<llil~i
nest nwi t with 400 snwars to tlie Balir Iiissar, and on tlic
1xetence of a visit to Shah Ayoob, he seized him (~ijroob) ;
piit one of his sotis to death, and securetl tlie w11olc of liis
property. (44)
Sli;~h Ayoob was then releilsed. I I e went t o Pcsliamci~,
and nftcr~vards to tlie co~i r t of Ra~l j cet Si~igli, mllo g;n.e hi111
il stipend, wliich he enjoyed till the day of liis dcirth sollie
tiliie last year. (45)
Peace and order being establislicd aL Ciibool, Pcer-dil
I<linn retunled to Caiidahar. (4G)
I-Iabeeb Oollrrh IChiui, as soolt as his s~lspicions rverc raisctl
by Dost Maliomed's proceedings, tlesired tlie lrrttcr to iil)pciLr
before him ; biit, he, fcnring Ile moulcl I J ~ seixctl and iuipri-
soactl, aiirde liis escape, i ~ ~ l d melit townrtls Mjr(lnn ; (47)
;uld indncecl a majority of the Gliiljic tribe l o adopi liis
(411.) Ilis fiitl~er (Asoem I<hi~n) left three crores of rrlpees ( Il ~ree
millions sterling).
1
(46) 111 1937, itt Lahore.
(k6)
Forty di ~ys after his depilrtrire, news arrived of the marc11 of
Blel~r-dil IClri~ii towirrds C:ilool, n~l~iclr once rlloro excitucl tllc restless
spirit of DOSL Mi~l~utned 1illit11. l'cer-tlil 1Clin11, itlit1 Alehr-rlil Khan
I
were his brothcrs ; the latter left Ci ~ ~ ~ di r l ~ i ~ r nu we (1839) iiyl~roi~clicd
1 Llrc city.
(1.7) 'I'wo ninrclics froni Citbool.
f 3 G
Ilribecb Oollnl~, hearing of this, l~rocectlcd,' at once, ivilh'
his arnly to l\$rtlan, nnrl bcsicged Ilost n'I:~liomed IChat~
(in hip fort) who made n good defence. Aiilecr Malioincd
Klian shortly after i~rrived fro111 Gliuz~iee to t he relief of
his brother. An action took place which elided i n the totirl
defeat of Anieer Mallouied I<hnn ; wid Dost Mi~lionled
Khau surrendered the fort to the enemy; ;LIIJ went to Gliux-
lice. -Vehr-dil Khan at the smile tiuic, left Candnliar, and
joined Habeeb Oollnli. Si s 1n011tlis after this defeat, Dosl
hlnhonlccl I<han was joined by Hnfiz Jee at Gliaznee.
Dost Mahomed I<liai~ ;~11d Aiiiecr Oollnll I<li;ui proceeded
to tlie fort of I<Iiair:\ndesh, where IIirbceb Oollali I<liiui
sooil iiladc his iippci\r;\llce; and all i~ctioil tool< ~l i l ce-
Meanwhile Habeeb Oollali received inLclligc~icc thnL Cikb001
hi d beell attacked and occupied by Hafiz Jee. I I e re-
solved however, to risk a battle; defeated, and flcd t o
Cabool.
25. Mcllr-dil Khan, who had joined I-Iabeeb Oollilll I<11;111
lvrotc to Shcr-dil Iclian (48) irnd Pocr-dil IChan t o conle to
Cabool. Slier-dil I<li:r~i came 1r7it.h n fcw attendants. Ile
reproved Dost hlahon~ed for his past conduct, and soon
rccolicilctl him with Habeeb Oollah 1Ch;ul. Dost Maliollled
Khan was to kccp Charceli:rr and tlie n~ountain tracts; and
the rest of the co~ultry (49) was to be held by I-Iabecb Ool-
lnli R l ~ i r ~ r ; Sher-dil I<hnn t o be oppointccl Naeb (50) t o
Habccb Oollali I<liiul, who was to rcsidc in tlieBala Hissar;
and Shcr-dil Khan to reside in the housc of Habeeb 0oll;lh
Khiui insidc the city. (51)
(is) Another of the nnnwrolis brotllers of Dost Alahomed. He
clled 011 an expedition to 1CheIat.
( t 9) Of Cal~ool.
(Ao) Deputy.
( Zl ) Scarccly hncl tltrec months elnpsod before She~.-rlil K/ ~nn pro-
posed t o Doqt Jl~~llomed Ichon to seizo Habeeb Oollnh Kl ~sn, and
diiide his territory :~nd property between them. Doa6 illt~honted rccrdily
r r gmd to the propoml. This i s the condrrct of t wo rincles to an rlnfor-
tunrtc ncphen; eon of their respected brull~rr !
Fo~nc tiinc after tliis iniquitous trallsaction, Slier-dil IClian
ilivited botll Dost M;rliotned I<liall (52) ant1 FIabeeb Ool l al ~
ICltao, t o ltis house, and treacherotrs2y put tlleln i n confine-
ment. I-Iavillg thus secured thc person of Habecb Oollall
I<hrui, lie libcrated Dost MnIionicd I<hsn ; and the11 1;litl
siege t o the Ba l i ~ Hissar, whicli was captured tlie four111
clay. (53)
No sooner had Ile settled himself ill tlie Birla IIissar,
than Dost Mirhomcd Kliaii (54) asked hiin t o fulfil their
agreement. I11 consequcnce of whicli Slier-dil Khan sent
him solne virlaables arid a suin of ready money, altogetllcr
c ( l ~ i ~ l t o about OIIC l di h Rs. (.10,000), as well a s one of l l e
zoives oyJ~al ~omsrl Aace~tz ICl~nn.
At tlie same time Il ost M:rhomecl I<liaii nras desired by
his brother (Slier-dil I<han) to lnect llitn i n tile Biilil Hi s ~ar ,
when, i n collcert with each olhcr, 1;liey would consider and
aetllc t he matter. (55)
(56) Then a t Cliareelznr.
(53)
Sher-dil Khan entored tlie pnlnco nild seize11 and imprisoned
Imam Virdi, nnd dfi0 Akrnm I l l ~an, t he brothor of Hnbeeb Ooll;~li
lihnn, who 11nd just arrived from Cnl l d; ~l ~i ~r.
Tho next object of Sher-dil Ilhirn, t o secure liis ncwlg acqrlirccl pos-
sassion, was to remove tlio prisoners from Ci~bool, aher e their prcsonco
rriight occnsion disorder, (Slleh BInlimood, p. 390 Note (SS) 11ad oricu
escllped from t hc Bal s Hisear)-and t o confino t l ~ e ~ n very strictly i n tlie
fort of Mtlrrn, in the valley of Iil~iwilt. Tho fairlily of tllulirte ~l i i l i oni ed
.+secln ICllnn TIIS driven out of tho Bola Hissnr in a very i pl ot ni ~zi ous
mcinnay, and lodged in t l ~ c l ~or ~s e of Ilirbeeb Oollah, inside t he city.
Nnvilig thus secured l~imself from evcry dangcr from 11is enelnics,
Slior-dil lllian took up his resitlu~ice i n tlie Birln Hissnr ; : ~nd mud(:
hi 9~1scv snrtslet. of crll t hc wcn/ll& n~hich Irird becn iiccuinulnted by (his
brotl~cr) 3Inhomed &~oern Khan, during Iris long and prosperous rule.
Tliis is tliu conduct of an uncle. The usurper, notnithstnnding his
strict precautions, could not long r e~nui u ~vithout s rival.
(54)
Wi t h \v11on1 lic lind ontcred into cngsgeniunts t o divide the
propcrty of iWnlionied h e e r n Khan.
(56) The division of tho propcrty. Dost hIahomed ICl~nn r c~l i ecl
tllnt it nns riot f i ~i r to send him only oncInlcli nrl)oes out of three urures
(llircc nlillions sterling) ; tllc rcyortccl weirlth 1~11iclr RIahol~lcd Azccm
lilliiil loft ilt his dcnt l ~. Ilowc\fcr: IIC i~ddetl, (~slrould yo^ be inclinod
3 G 2
Tliis af i ~i r not being adjusted t o liis satisfaction^ Dost
M:il~on~ed Kl~nli conimenccd hostilities, by raising conimo-
tions iii tlie house of Anreer Oollnh, mhc1.c an action ensucd
betmcen Iiiin, on tlie one side, and Mehr-dil I<ha~i (another
brotlicr), Anieer Oollnll Khan, ant1 Abdoolah ICli;~11, on the
otlier ; but tlie contest mas of very sl ~or t cliiration, because the
latter soori fceling their inability to overcome Dost Malio-
ined Khan, fled to the Birla Hissar, setting the l ~ouse of
~l meer Oolli~h Klian on fire. This succcss iiiducetl tlie
citizens, tlic iiio1int;rineers (IColiistnnees) and tlic people of
the Gliiljie and Ruzzleb;ish tribcs (except A~iiccr 0oll;rIi
Kl~;ui and I-laliz Jee, i~rllo still continued attiiched t o Slicr-
dil 1<111111) to embrace and support the ciruse of Dosl Mnho-
lncd Khan, nllio, encouragecl by the gcnen~l rise in his
f:ivar, (56) proceetlcd to lay siege t o Ilie Bi~ln 14iss;lr.
26. Sher-tlil Khan, filldi~ig himself iiuable to resist Dnst
Mahonird lili;ul, scnt a iiiessagr to his brothers at Candn-
11;rl; desiring them to se~id him n re-inforcement. (57)
to preserve the rrr~ion nlld good unt1cl.stnnding which subsist betwocn
us, either come to me yourself; or send t he rcmninder of t he money
that is due 11s my sllnre, wit11011t deliiy."
SItcl.-dil hhcm returned answer t hat the money which he liar1 alrenily
I
renli~ted to him, mas sent enlirely out of personal ~c!grrrd, and not upon
any otlier coi~sitlerntion-for what prctei~sion could lie ( t he l l ost )
have to property ncquiretl by nnother person's sword? Thi s nlessage
enrage11 Dost Wnl~onlctl Iihnn, and so011 after collecting t he moun-
ttrii~eers (ICohisti~nees) and the ICuzzlebashes, he prepare11 t o make war
on S'her-dil Ifinn.
Tliis mns indeetl, taking tlie lion? share. (Sher-dil Rhnn, means
the Iillan ~villr a Lion's Ircri~*t).
I
"9
(66) Probably owing t o liis brother's avarious conduct.
(57) Dost nInhonled Khan proposed to Ynr illahomed Iilisn,
(Ban~kzye) and Sooltnn 3Ial1omed Khan, who were at Peshnwer, to
come immediately to his ai d; and if succosuf~~l, he wonld sllirre Ilis
acquisitions with them : (contrast t hi s with Sher-dil Iihi~n' s avaricious
!.
conduct.)
Thoy proceeded to Cabool, where they arrived within t he
course of a month; while Peer-clil ICllan and Alolir-dil ILlran (bro-
thore of Sher-dil Khan and of t he Dost), were forty days in reach- ii
I
ing it. "
I
Dost Mahomcd Khan holds the yeins. 41 3
For more tlian tlircc nlontlis, civil war raged in Cabool,
which now became a sccne of gc~~cri i l RII;II*C~Y :i~id COII~LL-
sioii. Nu~nerous livcs wcrc lost on eitller side, a11t1 still
there wils I I O end to their clisputcs. At Inst the people,
reflecting tlint neitllcr of tlle rival partics was subdued,
while tllousntlds of tlieir followers fell victims in their quar-
rcl, came to the resolution of putting, lirst Dost Maliorned
I<lian, then Sl~er-dil I<han, t o deiitll ; but if the former
wonld go, aloiie, to thc camp of tlie latter, and Bill I i i ~i l with
his own hiind, liiv life woultl be spared.
When intelligence of this design reacllctl Dost h/liihomed
K11;111, 11c sent word to Shcr-dil I<l~i~ll, rlrgilig hi111 t o all
il~tervienr on tlic followilig day, and threatened, with an oath,
thitt he wonld tnlre his life, if lie refused t o come.
E i ~ l y next ~norning, wlicn both parties were clrmvn up
i a sight of each other, Sher-dil I<l1;111, with two attendants,
wcnt to tlie t ent of Nu~vnb S a n d I<11an, where a ~nectilig
was hcltl. (58)
A treaty was conclucled between the parties, by ~vl ~i cl i
Dost Malioliied Khan was to llold the reins of goven~ment;,
R I I ~ Hnbeeb Oollnh, to do him lion~age.
Thz whole property belonging to Mahomed Azeenl I<lian
wils to be retained by Sher-dil 1<hi111 a l ~d Pecr-dil I<hiir~ ;
for the purpose of mceting the espcnses of foreign wars. (59)
Slier-dil I<han and Peer-dil I<hnn, returncd to Canclahiir
will1 tlie property which they 1i:td plundcrecl, and sent
Hnbeeb Oollsh I<han, Aliram ICllnn, and Iniam Verdi,
( 58) After\vards Dost Mnhomed Khnn and Slier-dil Bhan, in conl-
pany with Nu~vnb Snmod Khan, Yxr Maho~necl Iihnn, and Sooltnn Mn-
homed ICbnn, werit to visit tlie nlother of Nabeeb Oollxl~ Kllan. l' lley
affected t o condole with her, and promised to restore her son to Iibcrty,
ant1 to place 11im in t he hnnds of Dost Mrrirnmetl lC1i:rn. Tiley Ilnd
friglltened the poor motllcr into compliance, by threntening to blow her
son from ;r gun.
(59) By means of this wenlth (gainctl througl~ this fratcl.na1 robbery),
they were cnxblcd to heconle posscsscd of nine-tenths of t he l art l s ant1
revenncs of Candalinr.
41 4
Division of countrg and potoe?..
under clin~.gc of Moollnll Pecr Mnhonletl, thc Qazcc of
Jawnil Slicr, aiid Dost Mnhomcd of Jawmi Slicr, t o Sirtlirr
Dost Mnliomcd I<l~nn. (GO)
1884.-37.
T ~ I C whole of tllc countisy of Cnbool \viS,
now, dividcd into fivc unequal poitio~ls, and possessed by
circli brother, accordiug to liis liieaiis and pretensions, viz.
1st.
The territory of tllc Glliljies wns held by Jubbar
I<llilll.
2nd. The I<ohistan ant1 I<oli-i-Diunun, togc tller with
olic linlf of Cnbool, by Dost hlahoiiied I<hari.
3rd. Sulinr, Logliur, mid the other Il;rlf of Cab001 by
Sooltiul Mnhonlctl I<hau, a i d Yar Mallonletl I<han.
4th. Jellnlrrbarl, by Pvlnhometl Zcmnn I<llan.
5th. Ghuzncc, by hmeer Mahoined I<haii. For t wo ycnrs
tliis nrmagement lasted.
1896.-At tllis tiuuie Dost Malionlet1 I<lian, conlbini~ig
with H;rbceb Oollali Klinn, compelled Sooltiui Maliomed
I<l1;111 t o retire from Ci~bool; n~icl nlnde hiiilself sole nlnstcr
of tlint plirce.
I-Ic also deprived liis brothcr, Jubbn~ lilran, of tllc Ghiljic
country, ilnd Mirhomed Zeiiliul I<llnn of Jcllirlabatl.
At tlic requcst of EIi~bceb Oollnh I <hi ~i , Dost Mahomed
eonfcrred Sukar on liiin ; hc llcltl i t only for six mo~iths, was
deprivcd of it, ant1 turrictl out of Cirbool.
Habcel) 0oll;rli I<linn proceeded to Peshnwer, wlicre Yilr
Mnhonlcd Khan scttletl on him ail ani ~u; ~l i~llowance of
50,000 Rs. (5,000), .cvhicli hc held till the dci~th of Ynr
Mnhomcd I<hirn, (61) Habeeb Oollah Rlinn quitted Pesli-
i\\\lcr, aiid went to I\Inhon?etl Zcmnn I<hau, the Rul er of
Jcllalnbad ; wlierc he incited the BzIjo'r tribe to espouse his
calise ; and prepared to take vcngea~ice upon Soolti~n Mnllo-
(60) Ynr i\Ial~omod Khan dcspatcl~cd all his troops conll~~andcd I)y
liis youngor brother, Pecr 3Inliomed Iihan, to Pesl~awer; wllilc Ilu
hinlself and Sooltan Naliomcd Ii11;1n, ren~aincd at Cnbool.
(61) Shi n i n the ncti0n wit11 Syotl Allmcrl (tho fnnntic) with the
Sikhs in 1831 ; when Sooltnn RIal~orncd Bl~axl ccnsod to pay the
:~llowsnce.
niccl I<han. (62)
13eing deserted on d l sides, on account
of liis crimes, I-Ii~bccb Ooll:lh welit towards Calltl;ll~ar to
join, it i s said, Shah Slioojall ; on his arrival nt Dcra Ismilel
I<lii~i, Ilalreeb Ool l al ~ bccallle insaric and nitirdered solile of
liis slave girls,
1620.-28.
This yenr Shall Mnlimood died at Hernt (63)
and was succccrlcd by his son, Shah I<amran, who now
rcigiis thcrc.
1830.-'fliis year Syud Ahmed,' tIie fitnatic made his ; ~p-
pcalsniice in Cabool, and was trcatcd by Dost Mnllollictl
wit11 h e respcct he thougrllt liis avocations (64) o~iglit to
scclirc for Ili~n. I-Ie retircd t o Peslinmer wl ~er e lie Isas
joilletl I)y S~iltnii M; ~l i omcd ICha11, (65) Yar Mnliomed I<lin~l
;tlso joinccl 11i111, and severill engagements tool< place witti
t he Sikhs.
1831.-This yenr Syud Ahmcd was killed in a11 nction
with he Silihs ; ;und t hus terilli~iated the religious wnrfivc.
1832.-This year Si r A. Bu n ~ e s went t o Cabool (in tlie
progress of his travels i nt o Bokhnra) iuld for tlie first tillie
becanie ncqriai~ited with Dos t Mahomed IChrul, and liis
brother Juljbiw I<hnn.
1833.-On the 17t h Feb. 1533, Shall Sl ~ooj nh left Loodi-
aualt on his secoiid expedition t o elldearour t o rccovcr
his throne. I n tlie n ~o n t h of May he obtained possession
of Shikalnpoor, with t he coasent of t he hmecl-s of Si~idli.
1834.-Sliah Slioojah (66) fought n very severe act i ol ~
(62) 111 the menn time, Hirbceb OollJr fell i n love wit11 Iris brother's
wife. In ordor to beconie possessed of tlie ol)juct of liis l~enrt, he toolc
the life of lris brothel; by poiso11 ; wl~icl~ ntrocior~s crime rollsed the
~ -
indignation of the people cvl~o lrnd joined Iris party; and they refused
su1)porting his cerrse any Iollger.
(63)
I tl~ouglrt 11e lrnd been blinded; but it is saitl tllnt Ile never
lost I~is sight.
(64) A religio~~s ~-r.ni- against the Sikl~s as i~ificlels. He Ilad ltro-
clnin~etl n ruligious rr:rr 11cfol.c i r ~ Indi:~.
(66) \ \ ' l ~o l~nd been ejected from C;~l)ool by Dost Rfnlrornctl.
(G6) I-Iirving buen rcfriscd lr~olroy (lie I ~ r i t l rrlrently soltl Iniiny of lris
jewels) by tllc Anreers, lic tlircnteliotl to plontlcr Sl~ilcnrpoor nlrtl L:rr-
l cl ~ani ~.
4lG Dost Mahomed Khan.'
1vit11 tlic Si ~l dl i i i \ ~i s, on l hc 9tI1 J: l ~i uary, 1834, s e wn Ices
from 12ohrcc. Th e Sind1ii;uis l o s ~ 1,370 horsc i ~ri d l oot
solclicrs. On t he Sh;~li' s si de ;r considcrnblc uumbcr werc
ltilled aiid mouiidcd. T h e i ~ r my of t he Tal poori ni i s fnirlp
fled from t l i e field of biittle, a n d tlie Sllalr got possession of
Shikarpoor. (67)
Tl l e Shall, t hen, ~i ~a r c l l e d t o Ca~ltlirlinr, whcr e h c IV;IS
defeated oil t he 2nd July, by Do s t Miil~oinecl I cha~i , (6s)
;uld mils ol)liged to fly, nad tirke refuge i rt I<hclat.
About t he el ~d of this year (69) Dos t Mirhomccl 1<1ii111
assumctl tlie t i t l e of cc Arneer Shah Ghnzee," and oflcrctl t l ~e
viziership t o Nuwnl) J ubbnr I<him. (70)
1835.-The Sha h was espect ed t o go to Bombay, itlld
t hat Go v e r ~ ~ ~ i ~ e i i t was authorized, in sucll case, to give a
Zeufut of 100 Its. a day. (71)
(67)
l' l~ey consented to n pecuniary aid of live or sever1 l akl ~s
rupees in preference to hnznrtling another battle ; :u~d to fi~rtn Sllikiir-
])our from tlte Sllal~. Sce Sl ~i ku~]~oor. , C1111l)tcr 11. IJefore goillg to
Sindlt i t is said tlli~t S11t1li S11uoji111 tl~rei~tcrted t l ~c A~rleers (privi~tely,
througll Meer 1stn:icl I<I):III) that if they ditl not in~n~etlii~tcly ;~ccetlc? to
l i i v reqliest (demand of S11ik:rr~)uor) it \ri\s his intentiot~ to lrctn.?fi,.
lrir undo~ibled souer.ui,qiil!j over Srtitlh l o his j i ri l l ~i rl rrl(ies lire 11rilislr !
Dr. Burnes's visit to Sintlh, p. 151. Sindl1 pnitl to C'ilbool :I tribute of
iifteetr 1i 1l i l 1~ I~upecs (2160,000).
(6s)
\\' l~o ciinle from Cab001 to the nssist~~n~:e of l ~i s I)rotl~crs. I-liitl
iiut Mr. Can~pbell, tile Conrtr~ander of tlrc Sliirlr's Ilintlnstariee troops
been \r,oundecl, tlte king would Ilave wol~ the battle : I)ut this o \ w~ ~ t
threw a11 iuto coufusiur~. The Slin11 lost id1 hope, t111c1 Hucl, and tlie
army dispersed. 'I'lte Dost ssid tlrat the Sliah lost 4,000, and tlli~t t he
Affghnns lost 7 or 800 men only; but, that I~iid the Slr:il: renr:tined on
field Ire (the Dust) 111ust lrnve lost the battle. Sce tlre iiccO1111t in
Clral)ter V.
(69)
1Lel)orted on tlre 17tlr J~rnu:~rg, 1835.
(70)
\Vlriclr 1 believe Ire declined. See tlie nccor~nt of l ~i s nrrivi~l nt
Glluznoe ill July, lS39. Cllnpter IS.
(71) Equ;11 to tl~rce-fourtl~s of the :~llo\vnnce he reccivcd at Lootli-
a!t:lh. l'he Govt. of lirclia reported to the Court of Directors t l ~ c fi~ilurt?
uf the esl)edilion i i s quite ulresl)ucted ; ('As the arttry of the Sl1111~
nns knoalr to I)e s~~perior, Lot11 in r~lirnbel~s irnd in discil)lirrc, to the
Unrakzye troops, the ~iiost confi de~~t urpecti~~iorrs were ~. nt ert i ~i l i ~t l 01'
l~iv success."
This year Dost &I~.laIiorned I<Iin~i sellt a mission to Persia,
the object of wliicli 11;~s siucc been made manifest. EIad
it been to scck protection, 11c had, i n 1837, an opportunity
of seeliiiig i t fro111 tile British, iiisteatl of fro111 the Persian
Goven~mcn~. This year, iilso, hbdool Ghi as I<han, son of
Nuwal) J ~i bbar I<lia11 came to Loodi:~nnh, under the sanc-
tioil of the Governmcut of India ; and tlie Ilome nutliori-
ties approved of his hospitable reception. (72) Soch n
mensnre was a woof of thc desire of the British Govern-
ment to c~~l t i vat e tcrnis of friendsliip wi t h the ruler of
Affglianist;~~i ; free from all distrust arising fi-om t hc resi-
dencc of his ~icpheiv ant our fro~itier post. (73)
1837.-29. This year Sir A. Burnes was sent on a mis-
sion of a purely con~mercial nature to Citbool, (74) but affairs
took a political turn, the result of n~hi ch proved t hat Dost
Mithomed IZlian was deter~lli~ietl t o adhere to liis Pcrsi n~l
I
allia~ice ; and which caused the iiiissioil t o leave liis court.
-;"
1838.-Lt. Leech Iiad i11 1837 been sent to Canlindar on a
I
con~mercial lnissio~l whicli, like that t o Cilbool ant1 froin tlxe
saiile cnusc, Inis converted into one of n Political cast. I n
1835, he was sent t o Ichelat.
This year tlie Persicnl :irmy was before I-Ierat, but owing
I
to tlie relilonstrances of the Britisll Govt., the Iring with-
drew fro111 the siege of tliiiI, fortrcss on the 9t h Sept., though
!
t he event was not 1<1iown to the Govt. of India till t he 2211d
of October. 011 the 1s t of October tlie Govr. Genl. of I~i t l i n
~xiblished his Proclniiiation, declaratory of the object of tlic
I
expedition into Atig1ianist;ui.
When Dost ~ ~ a h o n i e d I<linn heard of the retreat of tlie
%+
Persians, lie was absorbed in tl~ought rind specnlt~tiol~ ; alwnys
engagcd in holding consultations. I I e was engiiged with
the chief I<oondooz. At one ti111e he stopped tlie miirch of'
liis troops to Jellalabad ; tuid the11 lie rccnlled his soil tuid
party from Balkh.
I
(72)
A village was, I believe, nssignccl for his support.
(73) Whence he, or his instructor, ioigl~t hare coliveyed intelli-
gence, \vlliuli the je:rlousy of inany Govts. desires to collccnl.
T
(71.)
8r:ljor Leech nrld Dr. Lortl naco~npaiiiod 11ini.
3 rr
011 Llir 10tIi 111~~' . 1838, t l ~ e " Rs.?ng of t he TMZ~S" 111:~rchcd
fro^^^ Ferozpoor.
1Y3!).--011 t l ~ c 26tl1 of April, 1839, S l ~ i ~ l i S11ooj;lli arri ved
. a t Cnndill~ilr. On t hc St11 of Mi \ y he nrns inutnlled i n t11;lt
city. On t he 33rtl Jnl j r t hc fort ress of G1111znce was cnrrietl
by as s a~r l t ; on t he (5th h e z~rrivetl a t Cnbool, ~vl i i cl i lie
c~i t crct l ill t ri omph, on tlic 7 t h of August , 1839. (75)
Thus, aft cr havillg been t l i e r ul er of Cnbool for 13 yenrs,
Dos t ~ I a l i o mc d I<li:ui's ani bi t i on l ost hi i n t l i e power, t o
at t ai n urliicli I ~ a d occupi ed a s illany ycilrs; a nd whi ch Ile
~i i i gl i t 1i:lre rct ni ~l ed, liitrl h c possessetl t h e prut l ence of hi s
brotllcr Nu ~ v a b J ubbnr J<h;\n, who advised hirn Cc t o cul t i v~t e
,friendly elations with tihe British Govt." (76)
Affghilnistnn mils gover ~l ed by t h e ki ngs f or about 62 out
of tlie 92 yenrs si nce t hc fountl;rtioii of t he c u ~ p i r e by Ahnl ed
Slinli ill 1747; ($7) s o tliilt t here havc bcen 30 years of
anar chy; n l onger peri od t hal i firlls t o tlic firle of ot her
e~i i l ~i ccs. I t is now brlt t hc sl l adow of its fori ner greiitnesu.
Bu t t i mc iuntl gootl Govt . ~vi l l , I Iiope, rest ore i t t o t ranqui l -
l i t y and prosperi t y.
30. C/ ~n~cbcf er oJ'Dost Mnh,omerZ I<hctn.-Dost Mnhomcd
T<linii came t o pon7cr iii lroitbletl times, when eilcli miln'o
11nnd \v:ls mi scd up ngni nst liis neighbour. H e t ri ed t o
propi t i at e tlie soldier mor e t han tlic citixe~~,--n course
whi ch can llever l ast beyond a time of wilrfirre. Though
l i beral i n liis coni mcrci al policy, hi s exi genci es mndc liini
(75) The first time on the 13th Jul y, 1803.
(76) Axeez Rliirn (brotller-in-law of tlic Dost) il Gliiljie chief,
wrote in October, 1538, tliiit Dost Alnl~on~cd repentetl of having dis-
nlissed Ci11)t. Uurnes. He preferrctl the policy of Cnpt. Vilroaileh.
I ark1 very increth~lous as to this gentleman having conlnlitted suicide,
because his acts were renounced by his Govt. BIy belief is tliitt his
wtrs only i i ci ai l a i ~ d clil,lo)ncilic deirtl~; i~ntl tli:rt he cnjoys i~ pension
11nder some other cognomen. I ;In1 no politician ; br ~t the corlJx
d@lomclliquc is anti-suicidal ; and one of its members citn enjoy n pen-
sioii nnder il change of 7ums.
(77) Ahnietl Shah 1747 to 2773. Tirnoor Sllnh 1773 to 1793. ShnI,
Zeman from 1793 to 1801.
lS0l to 1803, disputed succession. Sllitlk
Slioojnh 1803 to 1809. 1809 to 1839 nnnrcl~y, rebellion and confusion.
Dost Mahomed I</~cln. 419
exact morc from tlie merchants thaii was co~i s i s t c~i t wi t h
good policy, or wi ~s bcnefici;d t o t ~~nt l e. Hi s revcl l i ~e
ditl not admit of liis ltceping up an ar my equitl t o tlie
;tccomplislii~~ent of his vicws of extenla1 l~olicy, itlid COII-
cluest. I-Iistory should have i ~i st ruct ed hini l o view ;L Persian
allinncc, :IS tliat ki~igdolnl wils the11 situ;~ted, ;IS the I or c~onner
of his ultilnate subjugnlioii. I-Ie prcsided ill tlie court
of justice, and ;ttlded its e~noluiinents to his own treasury.
Wlieli iii \vant, lie borrowutl moncg f r o~l i t l ~ c n~enl t l ~y,
wliicli Ilc oftcli neglected to repay, tliougll fro111 ti~inc to tinie
called upoii to redceun his pli:dge, and bond. IJis firili~ig
t o ltcep his pro~nise, had at tiuncs, citnsed rebulrc from t l ~ e
lowest ~l l l ' gl ~an : wlicn Iic woultl rellew liis prumise, \~rliich
was not co~~l i dcd ill. I-Ic is nbout 45 pears of age, 5 ft . 9
iuclies in heiglit, nrith n fair con~pl es i o~i ;lnd i ~~t cl l i gcl ~t
countei~niice. Wlleli i l ~ t c ~ ~ t upoll i111y sclien~e, he ~jfonl(l
observc his coilipaliy by filrtive gl n~~ccs , as if tlcsirous of
pe~~et ~. i l t i ~i g illto their cli:trncte~.s, ol~lino\\rn t o tlicmselvcs.
tV1len relilting his past deeds of al ms (wl~ich he tlcliglitetZ
t o ilialte known) llis large black eyes woi ~l d first dil;ltc t o
;ui unusunl size, Lhe sockets retldenetl ; tlie eye-balls rcvolv-
ed, csliibitil~g but a slni~ll portiou of t he eyes, tvitli i L glare
t l ~ost l>iw*ci~~g, but as n~~~)Iei t si ui t es t r aor di ~~; ~r y. The
fr:u~kness of Dost Malloilled \Vils, probttbly, nnt i ~r al ; but llc
wils too fitmiliar for the dignity of l ~ i s situittio~l ; or t o corn-
lilnild tllc respect of llis illferiors.
I I e owed 1noc11 to tlie chiefs of liis otvn tribe (Birrukzyes) ;
but lie llad uo co~itrol over tlien~. Hi s motlne~. w;~s, by
birth, n Persian ; so tlint lie mighl; linve secured the ;tltncl~-
melit of the I<uzzlcbasl~es. IIe is connected, by ui;rrringc,
with Slinll Shooj nl ~; Lot11 hiwing marrietl sisters.
The Ba~*ukzges were 1.1ot riiore liumerous t l ~ n ~ i t he Sucldo-
xyes; tlierefore, tliere was no pretence t o pre-eminence, i n
virtue of tlie importance of liis tribe. He pl;rccd biit littlc
confidence ill his eldest son, who is sai d t o posscss lnost
talent. He placed two of his solis in t he Govts, of Gh u z ~ ~ c c
a ~i d Jellnli~bnd, of mllose fidelity hc was seckrrc ; but 11c e&ct-
ed his object by the U ~ S C ~ I S ~ I I ~ I ~ ~ C ren\oval ol' otlicrs, anti
3 1 x 2
tliereby lost tlie confidcncc of those, whose incrits gave thcm
clniln to retain appointments, which had been t he r e wi ~ d s
of their 'services.
Hi s Militirry character partook nlore of t he part i zi ~n t11:rn
of a sliilful generill. The battle of Chzccl~ ( 1 81 1) proved his
bravcrjr; but lie slioold liol ha\le left tlle field on the report
of Fate11 Rlinn's dcfeat. At tlie battle of No u s h c ~ * ~ (1523)
lie evinced 110 desire t o renew llic action nes t day : b t ~ t hc
ncvel. lilted to i ~c t under tlie conimnnd of anotlier.
I I e ~ni gl i t htrvc retired \\lit11 honor, lind he accepted a
liberi~l provisio~i, i ~i s t ci ~d OF being, low, ;r ~r i s one r a t
Bolihara ; and. he sllonld liave leanit fro111 tlie Empcr or
Babw, tlie dignity of s l ~b~l l i s s i o~l when resistitlice was
liopeless.
cC If you are fettered by yonr sito;itiot~, subillit t o circuin-
stances. If you ;ve iiidepentleiit, follon~ your own fi~ncy."
(75)
31. Sltali Slroojah~s clninz 20 Iltc t h ~ o ~ ~ c , and c?auvucler,-
As to tlic claim of 811ir11 Sl i o~j i ~l i to tlic tlirone, it is suficient
t o state that lie was its lilst legal posspssor. H e succeed-
ed Sli:11i Zeiilir~i who mils declared liiiig, his father (Timoor)
riot having no~iiiiiirted ir stlccessor. The usurpation of Shith
Mal~mood (tlic liirlf-brother who stood between Zemali niid
Shoojah) ni ~l st be set aside. Shoojati, therefore, was t l ~ e next
brother, (79) and I have tlle best aothority for saying that,
Shah Zeman declared him t o have t he best right t o tlbe
throne.
The cliaracter of Slinli Sl~oojah has beell irll.eady given by
the HOT&. 11.1~. &I. h'lpl~i~is/onc, so t hat i t were nlinost pre-
sumption to :uld to wliat lie has pronounced i n such favora-
ble teniie. TTlien hc c;rriic to the tlirone i n 1803, he was
about 23 years of age, ($0) so that much i~llowance mas t o
(74) Erslcine's transli~tion of' Liirber's i\Iemoirs, p. 391.
(79) Shah Zcmnn being blind co~rld not, accordi ~~g to I\Inhome~lan
Law, reign. His son ICyser attumlbted to displace Sllilh Shooj:rh ; so clicl
Kamran (Mahnlood's son) but Ile is tlre son of :in usurper.
( 60) \Vhen Mr. Elphinstonc snys about 20 ye ws old, I understand
him t o refer to 1600, when ho prooli~imed l~imself king. 1-10 cnterctl
Caboul in triumph, in 1603.
Shuh Shoojah 001-Moolh. 42 1
be 111adc for his irrespcrience ill the ilrt of Govt., a~i t l for Iiis
placi~ig too much confiile~~ce in his 11lillisLer (Aliram I<liali).
Even at , that Lime, cluririg t l ~ e absence of Alirnm I<haa, lie
took tlie fieltl ill persot]; iuld his trvo sevur:rl attempts t o
recover his throne, evince 1iluc11 energy of character.
I have endeavoured to continue the slate of afiiirs since
1809, to es1)lain the state of aunrchy n ~i d ~iiisrrilc in Aft-
glianistal~ for the 39 yeilrs preceding tlie Shah's reston~tinrl.
I have olrly given, in iui i r b~t r i ~ct form, as mucli of t l ~ c
Dooranee dyt~iisty of thc foriiler periotl, as mils 1reccss;rry
1
t o give a cotinectetl series of events for 9'2 years, tlic nrliole
period of its d u mt i o ~ ~ ; for Uarulizyes being Doora~iecs as
I
well as t he Xuddoqes, the rule of tlie fonnel; though a11
usurpation, is embri~cetl ill the liistorj- of its t l y~i i \ ~t y. I
t rust that, with the risi~lg generation, the Shiih'a ki i i gdo~i ~
will continue to prosper; i t must be the worli of timc ; tlie
A. old l ei ~ver~ of firction must (lie il\vny, i ~n d " good ~rieasure.~
/
and men," must talte the places of ~nisrule, alllbition RI I C~
habits of pliiiicler.
The chief defect in Shah Shoojoh's character, is the eshibi-
tion of a certilin hauteor, which is no cle~lient of greatness
of mind, or even a syrnbol of royalty. Let him but reward
his true friends, and reqiiitc tlie services of all, whether
Suddozyc or Ba~ukzye, who by tlicir allcgiancc, or by the
perfori ~l at ~ce of any service to the slatc iri ally civil or mili-
t ary office; have c l i ms to his consideration, without pnrti-
ality, or favor. (81)
<a
i
(81)
Babel. said, Memoir, 1). 165, referring to his capture of Cabool
in 1604:
' ( 1 111wi1ys regaided and provided for those Begs ant1 sol-
diers who were strangers nndguests, i n the first place ; and in t~ sl~perior
milnnel; to tl~a Babcrinns, nnd tliose who were of A~ltlejirn." By strnn-
gers and guests, Ile lne~ns to desig~lute the Citboolees, or people of tile
country. Tl~ey were strnngcrs to hi m.
At present there are about $0 British officers elllploped ill liis scr-
vice.
It 11ns been ;I necessary measure ; though it is si~itl to be vie\vetl
with jenlousy.
'I'hosc who servo :I Govt, well 11i1vc ali~i~ns to profcr-
nlcnt, rvhich is a return drlc from. the sti~tc ;IS an i~ct of grntittcde to a
Tile Slinli is about 60 yeillas of age. His pcrsoiial nppcarai ~ce
is ~omnl ni ~di ~i , v. I-lis deiileaiiol. i s t hnt of n 1iob1em;rli of liigll
birlli, trccoinpiluied wi t h much di g~i i t y, illid liis i i i i ~i i i i ~r s
;we ntilble. Of ill1 t l ~ e liiligs of t l ~ e Suddoxyc race lie is
t he l l ~os t humane. (82)
Froill l i avi ~l g found nn a s j ~l a m under tlie Bri t i sh G o r ~ .
for 24 years, grat i t ut l c is, I believe, liis predoiiiinniit feeliiig.
Tl i c rcsideiice of a Bri t i sh Ei i r ~oy iultl J4i11ister a t hi s courl,
is well calculntetl to give it superi or tolic t o liis Golet., and
t o guiircl I-Iis Miljesty froin ally act, wliicll nligllt I)c liliely
to \veirkeii t he illorill effect of tlic clliulge. FIis rcstoriition
may be vicwetl bot h i n tlic liglit of jilsticc iuid policy.
Tliose wlio ar c adrni rers of ;i clcnzoc.rucy, n ~ t y e s c l a i ~i l witti
BuBcr (83) iii favor of Dosl Mahomcd Iihan.
" Av~bi l i or~ r ~chi l s not of i nuct i o~ ;
The 2uo~ld is Itis zuho exerls himself."
Those wlio ar e i n favor of kinylg p o ~v e r ; will hope, as 1
(lo, t hat SJiaIi Shoojnlh inny iievcr espcri ci i cc tlic E~i ~p e r o r ' s
1)ictui.c of ii ki ng.
'' I~i.zoisilo?n's e.rje, every cojzclilion nzag Jncl repose ;
Bu t royallg alone." (84)
deserving subject : and is never estceinetl as n personal firvor corlferred :
it is a re~varcl to sti~nulnte othcrs to exertion, nnd ~ ~ o t to plensc the
solicitations of private individui~lu.
(82) Sorno Ghiljie chiefs rrre s:~id to have heen cxccuted lately, after
t l ~ei r surrender; if' true, the Sllirll is not, I nm convi~~ced, to Iltrme.
As Bnbo said, POLL cirni~ot s1111t the moutll of an enemy."
(83) %Ien~oirs, p. 391.
(84)
I ,nust not omit to mention his liternry acqriirements. During
llis residence at Loodiannh, Si7 C. 111. 1Vade (the Pol. Agent, t l ~r or ~gl ~
whom he correspondetl) induced the Shah to rrrite his own "L$c and
rlduenlu~~es,"in Persian. A tr~nslation was n1;1de by 1,ieut. Ellix, 23rd
N. I. I hope to soe thc publication of this work, whicll is said to be
written in elegant Persian. Tile life and advunturus of the It i l ~g, of
which I have given a f i ~i ~i t out-line, are interesting. We oright to talic
such an i~iterest in tlie ciruae of legitinincy, :IS to free US from the inl-
yutntion of 11 nlere selfish policy. Our ob,ject should be to increrise tho
prosperity :~nd l~ilppincss of all nations, from motives of good-xvill to :I]]
men, i111d n dcsirc to enligliten tlieni, withor~t doing violence to t l ~ci r
prejudices
-
No.
No.
hTo.
No.
hTo.
No.
Nu.
hTo.
No.
---------
1. Broni Kur nd to Loodii~ni~lt, ..............
. . . . . . . . . . . 2. ,, Lootlii~nnl~ to Ferozpoor..
3. ,, Ferozpoor t o Bhirwull)oor, ............
4,. ,, nhawulpoor to Rohroe (Br~lcl<ur). .....
6. ,, 1Lolrroc to Lower Sindh 11nt1 b:iclc t o S u b
kur, .............................
6. ,, Sulikur to Cnndnhiw, ..............
7. ,, Catidnhrrr Lo Cnbool, ..............
8. ,, Cilb001 to Pesbirmei; ...............
............. 9. ,, Peslrnrver to Perozpoor,.
Total nr~mber of niilcs nii~rcl~cd by Bengal columr~, nenr-
......................... 1y 11.;. miles per n~arch, .
Digression to Lower Sindh, ........................
I n t he direct lloute, ..............................
No, lo. ,, Route of Bombay Army from Bomina-
.................... cote to Dndur,
....... No. 11. ,, Ditto, from Cnl~ool to I<helat,
No. 12. ,, Ditto, from Khelnt t o Kot ree (Si ndl ~:
, .
l o b l , ......
........................ Adtl from Dadur to Cnbool,
................
Add from lcotree to the Sei ~ Coast,
.............
Total n~arclr of Bombny colunrn, miles,.
So that the two colnmns mnrulrod nearly t he snnlc clistnnce duri ng
t he cnmynign, in il little more tlmn i~ year.
N. 13. 'I'lre distal~ce of Calcntta from Cnhool is viP Meer ut nncl l i ur-
'., 5
nnl, hy t he Ponj:~b route (Nos. 8 and 9) ..................... 1713 miles.
-.
. ................. Ditto by the Buhr l'ssu, :rnd Ci~ndi~h:~~. , 2350 do. ,&;,
The roote from C;rlcuttn to C:uliI:~hirr tltror~gh t he Bolan
-
I'nso is, ........................................... 2033 do.
JXLto viL Ferozpoor, Punjitb, :~nd C:tbool, ................ 2031 do.
No. 1.--T;~om, ITurnat to Loo(Zianah.
-.
1839. Nos. St;tges. 11.IP.IY. I 12em:rrks.
1 - _ I - _ _ - - - -
I Totnl,
7
S
9
10
1 I
Patnrseo,
Sirhind,
1<11nl1alin Seraoe,
Dor~ri~lin Sornee,
Loonlann~r,
11
12
14
8
9
13
8
9
11
14
1.1.
_.
194
No. 2.-Fronz Loodienul~ l o Perozpoor.
(1) The r o d heing describe11 in tllc days' ~na~. cl ~es in c11nl)tors I. t o
XVl., the reader is referred to t l ~em for pnrticulnrs.
0
4
8
0'
4
0
4
0
0
0
O
-*
G
No. 3.-Roz6te f ~o m fle~ozpoor 20 Bl~azou~oo~..
Dec.
O
O
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
O
0
--
0
12
13
1.t
15
16
17
l a
o Prom this to Ual1111t Bodln Ite
10
11
12
13
Road good-plenty OF water.
Ditto do. do.
Ditto do. Stage bungnlnw.
Cross the rivel. Gtrmbur on
lcnving S11nhrrl)ntl.
A lnrge town--plenty of sup-
plies nnd water.
3 miles fron~ Un~bnlln, clsoSS
the ICl~ggur river 2; feet
water, bad ford for guns.
Ro:~d good-plonty of water.
Ditto do.
Ditto do.
Ditto do.
Ditto (10. A large town.
l o
7
11
10
16
12
Cho11s1)oor,
noo~~dree,
Telii~rn,
Dh~~r ~~mkot e ,
Jlleernh,
h,l:rlee\~alln,
F~~oe r oon,
Total,
0
O
0
0
O
--
o
10
20
21
22
0
0
0
0
0
O
hlohunlce-in the Protected
Silt11 states, escept lnrrrcl~es
14,15 nnd 1G.
o.Sik11 telsritor-Aloo\r.olla.
Ditto Kurrulc Singh.
Ditto Sl ~er Singl~.
Ditto.
Marched 3 miles short of i t or,
tllc 28th Nov.
Road ~~nt her heovy-plentp of
\vatel'.
Road good-(lo.
Ditto do.
Ditto (lo.
Mumdote,
AIohnn Ice,
Bngge lte,
Bahulc Bodla Ice
hIohun Ice,
16' O
I - --
sii o
0
90
1~
60
1 %
12
12
10
0
' 3
6
6
To B7~muu@oor and Iihnnpoor. 425
No. 3.-Continuerl.
1838.
-
Dec.
I
18
15
17
18
I9
20
21
22
24
25
26
27
28
29
Nos.
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
3 1
32
33
34
35
36
Remarks.
------
Road good-plenty of ofvater.
Ditto do.
're11 kos IV. across tile river is
Pn ~~l c Pnttun.
Roild good-plenty of wiltt'i'.
Ditto do.
L)itto (lo.
Ditto do.
Cirnlp 1 mila S. of
Do. $ ; nlile S.
Do. 1; mile S.
Do. 13 mile S.
Do. 1 mile S. \V.
DO. E. of it.
DO. t l ~e IV. of the town,
-,q . .
Stages.
---
Blti,nwulpoor
cot anl ~y.
Ll~Itlcelte,
'l'~~!~~~ul;l;ul,
Ruli~noo Ice,
C l i ~ k i t ~ ke,
Miunioo Ice,
IZr~si~n Ice,
;\Iiulitah Jhedoo,
Bh:udere,
1-1 ussiipoor,
h e m bees Ite
~ o t ,
Iil~yrpoor,
Goto Noor 31;ulio-
med,
Brilclceda keDcra,
~ ~ I I A WU L P ~ O I ~ ,
Total,
d' T. , ' :,;:.;
No. 4.-Route front Bhawulpoor to Rorllree on the Indzcs.
1F139.
M.
-
17
11
10
13
IS
13
13
l a
11
10
13
12
11
13
-
229
Camp 1: mile beyond: IS wells.
Do. 4 nlila beyond : water
iubnntlnnt.
Do. 1 nlile S. of tho town,
do. ?O wells.
wells.
a6 do.
1G do.
11 do. A canal neiir it comirlg
from the Intl~is. Cimnlp 13
niile lqi.orn tho town.
24 wells.
013do.
011 do.
91 do.
Erds belong to Ameers of Hy-
tleriib;rd, ant1 4 rd toKluyrpoor.
A great improvement irl t he
country on entering Sindll.
T l ~ e river 20 miles uf.
I
3 I
I
--
F.
-,--
o
G
2
0
4,
B
7
0
0
3
3
3
6
3
--
G
-
ICllairpoor,
I-Ir~sseen Ice 1311s-
tee,
Aa l r ~ n ~ o o n ,
Chuneeic11:rn ke
Gote,
Choudree,
Miuinoodee Itun-
dee,
I~UANPOOR,
Sumabada Gote,
Koushnlirakirlan,
JCatbee ka Bus-
tee,
Snr ~~aeo,
I n Sindh.
Subzeel lcii lCote,
13
!)
9
15
11
12
17
14'
13
14
11
5
Jan.
1
2
I
3
G
6
7
-_ 8
I
10
11
12
13
1.1
Y.
I70
70
0
110
190
:30
130
120
200
30
110
150
0
180
--
4.0
37
38
39
40
41
4*2
43
4.4
45
46
47
48
3
1
7
0
4
0
G
2
3
4
4
3
16
0
80
9021
130
o
140
200
200
'1.0
To Rohrec on the Indus.
No. $.--Continued.
---
1~39.(Nos./ Stnges. I M. I I.'. I Y. I Ren~nrlcs.
31
Feb.
2
-
Jan.
16
17
18
19
21
22
23
2 b
No. 5.-Rozbte from Ro741-ce to Lo~c~er Si ndh and back
to S z ~ k k ~ , i n Uppr Sindh.
country-cross water
courses.
more opcn, br ~t j r ~ngl y.
'lS9
tO
51
52
5.3
54
56
56
10
12
8
8
11
8
ds
11
-
224
- I - - -
Oobowrnl~,
Bagoodmlr,
Surhud,
Gothee,
Blnloclee,
Choongit,
Uzeerpoor,
R o n n ~ ~ ,
(Uukkur,)
Total,
5.9
60
GI
0'2
63
GQ
65
GG
67
68
69
-_
1
3
3
O
3
7
4
11.
6
The Dundah Nuddcc distribu~a tbc water of tllc Indus for irrigation.
Peer Gote,
1311arii Icllundee,
Nova Gote,
Dere filol~obut,
Kl~undearee,
JTence rcturtlcd.
Dera blol~obut,
Nova Gote,
Leleh Ice,
I'eer Ite Gote,
Beeraloo,
Su~lrun,
Totnl,
100
100
o
80
80
SO
SO
10
11
13
12
11
12
12
10.
11
15
-
145
_
Cnmp E. of it*..
12 sells. Tl l e river 3 miles
OK
Last ilnlf road tllrougl~ lorv
jungle.
Roitcl through low jungle.
Ditto do.
Ditto do., but country lnoru
open. A Lirlce hT. of
Camp.
Heavy sand on this ~ni ~r ch.
The ghat on tile 1ntl11s 5
nlilos clistr~nt.
0 On the left bank of tllc Indus.
---I
20
2
4
4.
4.
0
0
0
5
7
9 4 0
44
--
6
o
o
0
0
o
0
0
0
0
0
--
0
Do, more open t han l ast
1nnrc11-cross water-courses.
Roitd t l ~r ougl ~ jungly country.
Cross watel--courses.
Ditto (lo. do.
1st part close country-then
througl~ a n open cot ~~l t r y.
Cross water courses.
At 7 111iles cross ir clry nullnh :
move up i t s bed for 2 miles.
Did not encamp on 0111. old
grouncl, mi ~rchi ng bnclc.
To the old g r o u ~ ~ d .
Crossed t he bridge of 1)o:its t o
Sukkul; on t he ri ght b~rnk.
No, 6.-Roule ;tio?n Sukkur 20 Slrikalpoor n / ~ d Dndur
throz~glr Bolau Puss l o Queltu, u~ld Cn?rdalbu?-.
1939.INos.l Stages.
I hl. I l".l y q l
lb?lnilrlts.
-___-----------
Knee,
S~r r ~canr ooi ~, 230
feot i~bova lcvel
oJllra Sen.
IIL Sindh.
Jngnn,
Feb.
IS
20
23
24
27
hInr.
3
4
5
G
Y
9
10
I I
16
17
18
1 9
20
21
22
26
Apl.
7
6
9
10
Janeedern,
ILi~jl1n11,
70
71
78
73
71,
75
76
77
78
79
SO
81
88
83
8.10
8.5
I;G
87
86
89
90
91
02
03
Unrshore,
I
RIeerpoor,
Ust;1d,
BHIB,
XIylies~~r,
Nouslleri~,
L)anun, 71.3 feat,
'I'otal,
B0h171 PI~SS. .
I<O~I:LII Delnn, 9G.1.
feet,
Kirtn,
I3eebee Nnnce,
1,695 feet,
Al~ecgoom, 2,5.60
feet,
Sir-i-&dim, &,11,9-l
feet,
Dusl~t-i-13edoulut
5,793 fuet,
Sir-i-Ab,
QUETTA, 5,637 ft.,
Totnl,
Hydenye, 5,969
feet,
Hykuleye, 5,063
feet,
Rt. bnnlc of tile
21 o
First part bad roild in rr~iriy
0 0 \rentl~cr. Cross n dry nullah
I
3 111i1cs fro111 it.
little \ri~tcr. 'I'lle eo11n1.1.y
fro111 this to h'ousl~eri~, n
desert for 90 ~r~iles.
4, ,10'0!~cr the desert. In Beloo-
I c~iistiln.
,I. 30, In Uelood~istan.
G 0 Do.
6 100'Do.
1 1 3 0 / ~ 0 .
G 0:uo.
.i. OlDo. near tlto entrnrice to the
l ' i ~s ~- - b~~t little fomge be-
1 100 ttvccn this ;~ntl Sl~ili;~rl)oor.
--
--I
0 0 1st a ~ a r c l ~ i n the P;~ss, p l c ~ ~ t y
of \vi\ter,
S 0 l'lel~ty of water.
1
5 O Do,
(j 0 ' l' l~e niaral~ out of the l'nss, in-
to tl10 vi~lley. l v: ~nt of n7:~tc?r.
5 o lJlellty of water (liiirexecs)
7 o l'roperly got , (in tho provineo
- - of Sl~nwl.) 'I'l~erc arc 3
2 o ronds 11e11ce to Ci~uclallilr.
I<utchlak RIG 1 n ~ i l e ~
, from Que t t ~.
2 ~ i ~ n d nulla~ls to cross.
I I
[banks.
No. 6.-Conlinuetl.
-
Apl.
11
12
Nos.[ Stages, 1 itJJ, 1 lq'.\ Y. 1 1:eniarks.
- --- - -- - -----
9. 7l ~l rndee Goolnee,
1 4,036 feet, 1
94#
96
96
Ar~~nibet?,
Q~lillir Abdoolah
Khi ~n,
ICIIOJUIC PASS, t he
siimniit of 7,867
feet,
I
98
7
7
Q~lillrr Futtoollnlr,
3,918 feet,
14 2 110 1st part r o d stony-an opeu
I i 1 plain.
6
4,
OlThe halt in t he I<boj~ih Pass-
foot of t he nirrin ascent 6,848
feet: see Chnpter V.
The valley of Cirndahar at
Chuniun Cholree 6,G77.
I
ground.
100Near t he Doieee
1 r i v e 3 , f e e t 41 0 ( First 3 niiles over undulating
ground-then over good
11
10
12
0
0
0
No. 7.-Route from Candal~us. l o G?r~x?2ce a d Cbrhool.
llond good.
T l ~ e fort 4, niiles N. of Cnmp.
4
0
Jun
27
28
I
101 Deh Hajjee, I 8' 4-
0
0
102
103
o I TI Ek l d stony, but good.
0 Cross dry bet1 of Radany ri ver :
4,618 feet,
Rotrd over i r ndul at i ~~g stony
groulid.
' lll~~ougli a pnss, and tlre~lce
over very stony and rocky
0
--
60
-
210
I
104
105
7 a l o Country open, and barren.
I I
road good-country open.
The gr ~nt l t ot al i s 1005 miles
from Kurnal, but we \vent
145; down t o lower Sindh,
(see No. 6) out of our di r ect
route.
Ahdool Uzeez,
Quilla Axeem,
1
4"
--
3
--
0
I<hoosh-ab, 3,4644
3,946 feet,
106 Quillall Akhoontl,
I I
4,418feet,
I
feet.
CANDAEIAR, 3,484
feet,
Totirl,
Grand Total,
7 40 T l ~ e rout1 good-Ciirnp mi l e
1 1
E. of t he fort.
3 160 lloird good, rethel. stony.
12
7
-
14.7
-
1005
Camp 1 mile S. E. on ri gl i t
bank of t he Turnrilr river.
At 3 ~iiiles n defile. Cr oss
svnter courses. C:in~p 1 mi l o
E. of the fort-l'rirnulc rivcr
to tliu ru:Lr.
6
O
-
1959.
--
July
1
2
3
t i .
G
7
I
S
10
11
la
13
I,!,
No. 7.-Conlin.ued.
Nos.
108
109
110
11 1
113
113
114,
PI.
10
11
10
IS
-
76
10
9
8
6,
10
7
12
12
1~
Sti~ges.
----
' I' eernnd; ~~, 4,SZD
feet,
'roo1 ol- TOO^,
Assin I-Iaznrel~,
Icelat-i-Gl~iljie,
5,773 feet,
~o t i i l ,
Sir-i-Usp, 5,973
feet,
hTor~rnk, 6,136
feet,
Al~-i-'I'~izce, 6,3521
feet,
F,
-
3
2
6
2
3
7
4
4%
0
0
3
2
I
I
11G
11'7
11s
119
(20
-
lr. 1 Ken~; ~r ks, , , ,. - .
l,5~Shuftul,G,b[4,feel,
Cl~~~slnn-i-Sl~ncleo,
(i,G(i8 feet,
PungukJ 6,810 ft.,
Ghojnn, 7,"G8feet,
bz llrc Cf~bool courr-
t T?).
x,,l~uor, 7,091 ft.,
O L ~ , 7,325 feet,
10
-5810
----
bt 3 niiles 1r;iter-courses t o
cross-somc very steel] :IS-
cents. 'I'l~e'l't~rn~rlcS. ofca~np.
At 3 111i1ei :I defile. At 6' ]]ell
of ir nulli111, l' he 'l'ul-riulc Y.
of c;lllll'
30 Ro;td good. Ctr~nnp near t he
I river.
I
di1~0,Hnlf-lvny crossn nullnh. Camp
near t he ~ I I ~ I I H of t he f i ~r t ,
XI i~ncl c u ~ ~ n t r y ~ I O I O W it. l' he
0
0
o
0
0
0
40
1 river 1; n ~i l e off.
At 3 l i ~i l es a wet n11lli111, At
ti, water-courses. At 8,
a ~l o t l ~e r \vet nul l al ~. C;~nlp
neor t he river.
O,(:ross n l,roit(l' water-course,
ascents ;1r1(1 clescents-Camp
near t he river.
Cross n nul ! ~I ~, At 8 miles
1.oilc1 :tlnng the I)row of n
hillock-cross rv:lter. com.ses ;
nscents and descents. Camp
near t he river.
Cross 3 ascents rind' descents.
Ci~nil) near to the Tnrnulc.
I-lnlf-va!! cross u ~~ullirll. Camp
uenr t11t rive^^.
At 2; rniles i t 11ull:t11. A t 44
miles a \ritto~--c~~urse. 'I'he
river near r111d E. of ci~nil).
A t d miles ;I deep r a~i l l e, :lnd
several others, bilcl for ,rrt~ns.
At 7 miles n nrlllith (J;rRirs.)
Springs of mt e r . ?'he ~. i vcr
3 or 4 miles off.
0 ' ~ t 10 niile? M or 30 l<arezees ;
cross rnvlnes. Hero i s t he
source of t he 'I'urnulc. Camp
N. of t ho river.
11 t 6 and 10 niiles cross a dry
~~t ~l l a l t , tllo first \\,it11 st ecp
b:r~~ks. S p r i ~ ~ g s of n.;tter.
430 To usd from Gkuz~zce.
No. 7.-Contkucd.
. - -
, \
1 ba11g11 district,)/
/ 7.426 feet. ! 12 1 3 1 lG0 1 Cross ~.avines and clrv nllllalrs
I '
122 ?2bluslreeltee 7,309
I feet, 8
I
7,6021 9/ /
4. 1lOll'irst 5 nliles fi:~ntly.
\lT:lter-
I courfies. Heights in f r or ~t of
2 or 3 times-ro:itl irenvy for
guns. H:11f-w;iy ltarezees,
and some near camp.
140
I '
18 3 1.1.0 Last 1111lf mt her lte:tvy, a nd
' I
1 I confined. Cn,as i r lctile.
Ib~:ld Ilenvy first 5 miles-se-
verill water-cullrses. Cnrnl~
S. of the heights-springs of
w:rtcr.
I cnnlp.
7 4( 0 Road silntly, Ileo\lp imtl stony.
At G n~ilea pilss 11etneen tiva
low rilnges of Irills.
P ~ O J ~ Cnndrliar, 2'28 4. 25
30 , 12G Sl~ushg:lo, 5,(;9!3
feet, Rond nnt11rl;iting. A t 8 ~ni l cs
IL I'ass, (9,000 feet.) (:;r~nl)
rear to t he 11ills. A strcirrli
of water.
8 3 o At 3 nnd 5 miles tlefiles-roird
nllrclr 1111(111lnting. Ctlnq)
re:lr to tire Irillu. Stroilms of
I / / l'llc river Cii1)ool to t l ~c reiw
of cnnlp.
1o1'rhc rontl I):ld arid conlinol.
/ C:inlp, cllltivi~tiori i~rrrl w;rtcr
' Lo the front; llillv to Llic rcilr.
Arlg.
1
2
1 I !
I28
10
~ ~ ~ ~ r t i e ~ r l i ~ r l y 1i1st ptart. Cross
I ilie r i r r n
IIytlerJCllel, 7,637
feet,
I?!) Sl~nltl\-nbntl, 7,473
1 hct, !I
7
5 o Roatl contri~ctecl ant1 difticult-
180
wi~ter.
Ilnlf-wn)r crofis n dry nullah-
cross \vntei~-course~.
No. 7.-Coabinucrl.
d u g
0:
Oct .
16
No. 5.-Jloule from CibLool io Pcsita71:a..
132
135 'rexcen, tho Pass,
9,173 ; I'alluy,
G,.i.SH feet, 11
Canoor.,(i,:3D(ifeot,
133
13.1,
130 Amretlt, or
I
(iiilntsv tomb, tJ1el i
138 Smrk.itb, 4,3731
sect,
Nnl~norl~cc.
From Gl~uznec: R H 0 0
- 1 -
- I
to lo\vcr Siadli.
C;rbool,
I I.
I
Boot l <l ~ak, 0,'?1qT
feet,
l i l ~oord C;rbool,
7,l.GG fcct,
140 Si ~fed Sung (Gun-
du~i ~uk, .Ia,(il[i ft.)
14-1 Fotch;ll)ad, 3,098
feet,
I
5
0
I
OlCnn~p W. of Gal-wl-first cn-
I oi r~~~pet l 2: rrlilcs f r on~ it ;tt
Cross llrc 1,:i~llnr ;lnd lilloord
Crlbool rivers.
~l ' l ' l ~r ougl ~ :I I):ISS O nl i l e~ 1o11g.
Cross t11c st run~r~ 23 times.
7
'Tl~e run11 crosses over 7 I<otils
;i.i.;cs . Ci1ni11 i l l tllevillley.
(5. ,rtcr frorr~ 2 the river.
Iloiltl over n wllcy of stones.
1V:ttcr not good.
~lscctlts :md tlescer~ts, rontl over
stol~cs. Cross the Uiire~k-
irb 5,315 fect.
11 contmcted Rlss for 3,:. miles,
crossing the strearu oftell.
Ascents nrld descents. Li ~s t
1)irrt very difficttll; roatl.
Cn111p near the l ~ei gl ~t s.
scents :r~ld descents. Riiter
v:~lley of Gul~tlutl~ulc (usu:rl
11;tlting 1)lacc.) Last 3 tllilea
bat1 roiltl.
I
V~llley of Neemlr to the right.
Ascents ;111tl dcsccl~ts. CI.USH
t,llu river l\Tccm\:r. ! \ s ccl ~t ~
:rnd dcscer~ts (defiles.)
0
No, 8. -.-ConPinztad.
: I
ronl Cnbool,
7 ---- ---
1439.
-
Oct.
%
26
Nos. / Stages.
-----
I
1402 S I I ~ tanpoor, 2,2413
1,9(i.L fact, 7 70 11oi1d o v ~ r n siindy tract. 'I'he
143 J E L L A I ~ A I ~ A ~ ,
Al.
7
Cnbool ri ser :; ~n i l e t o S. of
t he town,
First pnrt srkndy. h s t 3
r ~~i l e s over stony roi ~d. A
jnngle of rushes 3 miles from
cilmp.
First pnrt an ascent, thencc
enter n rride ~ ~ i ~ l l e y , where
the sintoot18 pressils in t he
Ilot seilsotl. At 9 miles
viilagc of Da~.eelc-ah. Cross
t hc Itood-i-Butler Rot .
?'here ar e2 roacls wl ~i cl ~, j oi ~i i ~ t
R;\ssool. l'lle nearest ill ;In
15. direction, the ot her S. 15.
~t (i lniles t he smi l l I ( l ~yI ~cr
Pi~ss, L)irlckn on right. La1-
poorn 011 tho l eft bnnlc of
Ciibool river.
At I mile from Drrklcn, ent er
t he Pass.
I
11' . 1'. Ite~narku.
t 150 l ~ n t i c i ~ ~ ~ n , ollt of c~r n~pcd 1; beyor~d it.
tile Ci~ss, (,I 11111-
rood, 1,670 fect,)
6 1.51 Iioulsir,
I ~ I I Y ~ . f l ' ~ ~ c road sitndy i ~ n d
--
30
-----
(i
I'cct,) l a b
145
t t r 210
/
(i
~!11:1r(Iclt, (Bit-
rcct-&, 1,F82
Rond over n low flirt ant1 stony
desert.
SO0
1 100
31
Nov.
1
2
3
l,I.(j
I
1gb7
148
1.29
I l ~~z n ~n n \ v , (Uns-
soul, 1,509 rbet,) 6 0
Dr~ltlcn, ( I,nlpoorn,
o 0
I<IIYTIER PASS,
L~tnclnc Iil~:rna,
160
Suir~mit of , Pi ~ss
3,373 fcct.
:\Ii Mnsjitl, \V.
2,433 fbet,
No. 9,--flo7ilc .Ji.orjt PL'S?L(LIUPY l o Af l ok, a d l ?r ~oz r ~A t he
Pulljob t o I ~L~Y~CJJOOY.
--
I ar.
10i
9
sl
1 1.
IS
!)
i
1 30 First par t roncl swnmpjr. Cross
2 bridges.
A t 5 miles cross
n strcilm. A roinetl pllkl<i~
[ hritlgo. Tllc C:nbool rivcr
i '1. or :i lnilcs N. \V. of cilml).
to the ~rillr~gs 011
Cnlnp 8: loilcs I)e)'onrl i1lltI
E. of A korirli.
over ;I lbritlge of 1)o;its (in tho
r:~irly se;ison 1))' fcrry-l~oilts).
C;lmp 1)cgorttl tho h ~ r t .
G,
first pi ~r t s;rl~tlp. Cr o s 2 bods
,, 1 of stre:ans. Clnll) B.
0 Pirst pirrt good.
'1'11cr1 ss;lntlg.
i\t 7 n~i l es rr tlelilc. !\t 8
1
1 nliles the river lli~roo, lincc-
rlccp.
Ji . . / ~t . 2: ~nilos cross t11c C~I LI I I I ~: I ~I
river, dcel) i n sorlle pl:~ccs-
9 fords (tllu Icl't h~rt l I~est).
I<;l\:ines. At (i n)ilcs t l ~c \ -i t -
Ii~ge of H r ~ s s ~ ~ ~ ~ i ~ l ) ~ l ; i I . Crosa
;I wet 111111i~11 close to V;I~I--
I I
0
1,0,:! rn;~ds, t he l eft For I~ac!tcrics.
l'lle roiltl Ilrrrrow at first.
Col~ntry tlicn opcns, tlirec-
tion E. I1~lf-\\. ay is linllce
1i;r Ser;tce, I~erlca ro;ltl to
tllrougl~ ;I J5yr jl~r~filc.
' \t S ~ni l es iL I > I I ~ < ~ < ; I stone
],ridge. l \ t I0 111i1cs ;l storle
c;ruse\\rny. 1.i1st 4 I I I ~ ~ C S tltielc
jllnjle. C~ ~ I U) ) S. I:.
( ;
o!Ku;1(l t h r o ~ ~ g l ~ j l l ~~gl c :mtl dim-
clllt rirrir~es. At 8 miles
~ ~ , I S S t ho Ssel (or Cl~e!rul
Jorl gw) I ~ ~ r t i ; ~ l l y tlry. (:rosFi
tllc Leh river. C~IIIIII N, Of
the towll.
goocl for 5 nor 6 ~liiles,
tllellce I)ntl ravines. Cross
tllc river Sitan. <.'i~lnp IlCilr
No. 9.-Conti~zued.
miles ; tl~cncc coontry open.
At G milcs 1loh:it lie Ser:~ee
in ruins. At S&milcs ~:ivines.
I
Canil) S. of tile L ~ I C of MII-
neck pal:^.
12 5 0 At 4.; miles n tlccl) rnsinc.
Then ir vil1;igu : 3 or 4 r:r-
vines. C;rn~p E. of Seriiee
I'uliltee. 'I'hc li:isce river
close to it.
1. b D o Cross the ICnsee river nc:lr
c mp . 1lo;icl along t he bet1
of it. At 1:- mile, n tli~ngcr-
011s ravine ; thence deacencls
into the bed of tho river-
nn scent. C: I I I I ~ N. \ V. of
Ti ~n~eel ~i i l <.
i l
.lo natl roiid to the river; t he ro:~d
thro11g11 its bed. C:rnll) E.
of t hc rillage. The best
w:iter in the Punj:111 front
)
ii well hcre.
9 o Roiicl long t he 11etl of the
river. C!:lmp close to i t n11t1
S. E. of the village.
8 5 20 llo:~tl along t he bed of t he
rivcr. First 3 lr~iles 9 r;l-
vines. Ha.lf-\vny ;I rnvine.
Ci1n11) N. \V. of Jtl~otns.
First 3 miles thr011g11 the hcd
of the river ; thence good
road across t he county. ' I' l~e
river runs from E. t o \V.
l' he torsn 011 the K. and
right I):~nli, l ' l ~e Jirr:rl op-
posite the to\vll; the.fir1.d is
11ear1y ;I mile up t he river,
rind is n di ~ngerol ~s om, and
deep. Crossetl and Camp on
left or S. bi~nli.
The roil11 crosses 7 or 8 hcclb:
of s;rud, (hill-tnrrcr~ts in the
i s . ) Half-rvay ~sco11t1
and descent1 it ritlge of hills.
At 7 n~iles :r l i ~r gc pulik;~
\\.ell. Cnmp + mile N. of
IZl~onr.
171 Dhccngee,
172 I'aree\vnl;l,
175 Rnmnnggnr,
bn~rlc of the
? I ( ~ ! J rirer,
175 'I'll:rbool,
1 7 G hlutt:~,
177 h~~ll)' illl,
I78 Dhingee,
179 Surrllkyool.,
miles ncror
R(L.L,L'c,
I
For 5 or fi miles over a snady
rontl. P;lss t l ~r o ~l g l ~ n dlli~lc
jnngls. (:aml) :: mile S.
O, ~t ' w 5 nriles througlr a ilhnk
jrrnglc, r\ rir\1ine l &n~i l ef r on~
canlp. Ciun~p N.of sonle trees.
0 I t is 8 ntiles to the Glr:~t on
the right I)iunIc. C;rossetl
and ciuup 2 miles N. \\I. c~f
nnrl from the town, and S.
.) mile fro111 rr clu~n of trees.
I '
After crossing, l7 inile of
Itei~\,y H: I I I ~.
0 lload crosses n tlry nr~llnlt,
then ai~ntly. H:rlbivny is the
to\\,n of Ali:~lcegorl~. L'i~ml)
t 111ilc S. of the \lillnge.
Corlrllry open t l ~i s marcll.
0 T11e roilti good nntl conntry
open. Ctrn~p mile S. \Y.
0 Gootl road over ir very esten-
si1.e plain. Low jungle on
:rrtu of the roar\. L'iunp
h. \Ir. n ~ni l c ciisti~nt.
0 Over !I Inrge ])lain. Cilnlp
S. \ V.
0 cross n wet, nallal~ near the
\~illilge. Cirmp S. \\I. of i t
mile.
0 At 10 miles a village wllere me
encamped. Moved nnd i ~ t 1.b
n1ile crossed it !rc,t I I L I ~ ~ ~ I ~ I .
Crossed the river 1titree ;
24 miles to the Gl ~nt . 'I'lle1.e
is ferry and fort1 ; tile
1 latter eood. Ciinrp on
l-lnit' -\~a~ great espnnse of
yl;~in, or desert; Ioiv jungle.
I\ cross ro;~tl half-way to
I,nllore. (:;LIII~ 4- 111ilc E.
~IH:rlf-way villitge of ~l h l ~h o r .
A cross ro;td Ilc~lcr! to Li~hore.
~ \ t 111 nriles Ni~ddcepoor.
C:amp mile \I1. of the ~ i l -
: Inge.
No.
No. I). --C~~l ~l i ~t . u~d.
-- -- -
1F;3!) ISos. Stngcs. Bl. F. Y.
I
I <~! ~I I >LI ~~~s .
--
nee.
89
30
10.-lionte of the Bombay Aymy Jrom Bomi7aakofs
t o Dedur.
----- ------
183
'1 small village 3 lnilus fi.0111 \'ik-
l i ~l r it1111 Cor : ~b: ~~ee.
A stnnll villirjie, crossed tlte river
o ~ t I'otrtoonn.
Slotlcri~te vi11itge, fi t ~c 'rope of
t recs.
A 1;trgu vill:~go on N. 11. of E11g:lnr
ri rcr : crossed tlre liugitrrr
I)r:lnol~ of the Indus.
Camp on S. \Y. r ~ f the city.
Z'NO villn,rrc, 2 1:rrge t:mlts, rind I'ccr
on sm:rll llills.
A li~rgc! villitge, 2 miles from t he
Irrdus.
Ditto [lo. on bilrrlc of the liver.
C; ~mp on do, do.
11 Inrge village on [lo. do.
A villi~ge do. do.
A lnrge do. do.
Oon~innliotc,
I ~ . ~ ~ l ; ~ l l ; ~ ~ t ~ , 1
188'litrssott, 11:df of rontl jirngly. C;unp
7
4
4
Left bn~rlc of Sot-
111j,
7
IS
11
9
I
l!&iiassye ilnd Go-
4.
5
1 1
10 13
14
Prom Ci~bool,
10,
l' , i*rr. u~,
Shnilc l l i ~dn\ r
Pcer,
6
7
S
9
10
i i
1
11% vi ~~; t ges do. do.
0111 lirrge t owr~ otr n crcelc 1 rl~ile
/ fro& t he main ri\,ur.
p:mg,
Al , c ~ ~ ~ n a ,
stin, or, -Sen,
Soonda,
Jirrilrlr,
I\'loze~r\\~ur,
ltotree, near
tIunen, \n. \r~,
Bitdo,
C)onderpoor,
12 1. A !;~rge phcc, ; mile fro111 t he
1 1 rl,rcr.
10, 74 A srnall villnge on bnrtlt of tlie rivcr.
11! I ' A lnrge villitge, irnd fine sheet of
I wnter.
131 3
1
5
9: 2
1
13 6
1 hl ~r nr ee,
~kkee. (n l'ass,)
G
9
11
2$
3%
1 B. close t o t he t oon.
0 llond first ~ ~ n r t over t he ruins
of Ii~~ssoor.. 9; miles to t he
right 1)iinb ; cross tlte river
t o left bilrlli. Crimp 1: mile
No. 10.-Corzli~zuccE.
1839.
7
.Feb.
21
33
OQ
26
26
37
Qa
&1;1r,
1
2
3
1 2
1 3
1 4
16
18
20
21
31
Apl.
1
2
3
5
Nos,
17
18
I 9
00
2 1
22
23
240
25
2(i
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
:?4
3.5
36
38
Stages.
- _ I
SEWUN,
'l'crooty and Bul-
Ii~11)00r,
Bombin Jul l o~v,
i \ l o o ~~>n a ,
ltookua,
Gulloo,
Kowatlern,
Cl~unna,
Putelrpoor,
Bulcri~nec,
LARI~IIANA,
l cna~nen,
Dost Ali,
Slrudautl~oor,
Keccllee,
JHULL,
Punjoolc,
GUXDAVA,
Gugu1;
Slioorun,
37Sooner,
Noushera,
~ ~ D A D V R ,
Totdl rniles,
3 L
$1.
13
S
9
11
ci
10
1.5
F.
1
1
b
3
7
2
G:
I Remc~rlis.
------
11 large torvn. Arrul and I)rnrrcl~
of the Indus rivers, cross.
One mile irpnrt, both small villages.
An exter~aive lake.
A n~oderi ~t e villi~ge, 1: mile from
tho river.
11 I:~rqe town, wells, and standing
wtrtcr.
A large village on the bank of tlte
river.
11 ~notlernte vill:~go, a srnnll I;rlio.
Cnnip 1; mile on left of the! vil.
lage-l):rnlc on the Intlus.
A model-irte villnge, on a 6mncl1
of the river.
A large vill:rge, and fine sltcet of
\\3:iter.
~1 n~otler:rte village near tho Nar-
m l ~ river.
A Ii~rge town, and Li~rltl~anir river
now dry. ('l'lre Alrriee river not
fortl:rble ur~ the 2Bth H I I ~ 97th
Jrrn.)
A I nge town mitt1 good wells.
h n~otlerate \,ill:~ge ~ ~ l ~ c r e ICnfilal~s
assemble going PJ.
Do. rlerir the Ii ur~r~, or desert-
lately deuartetl.
Cross t l ~c Cutclt Guntlasa desert.
A vill:~ge near the hills.
JI large town, the ~~ri nci pal one of
tlre hloo~~gassee Bcloocl~es, ; i ~r t l
fine streams of water.
Do. villirge of the 3Ioongnssee
Beloocl~t~s.
A large town do. do.
Do. village do. do.
A ~liotlerale village, but the pi n-
cilxrl one of the ltintl Beloo-
ches.
A snrall village-cross a perfect
desert.
A lnrge place, wit11 a gootl Uaznr.
A large town, the principal of the
distrist.
G 2
I
7 0
I
151
9
15
9
15
30
19
13
11
r,
14
23
18
7
-
474
G
7
1:
7:
4%
0
1
5:
3;
3:
3
3;
1
4
-
0
No. 1 1 .-Ra71Le of Ll~e Hojnbay Col ~/ mnf r . on~ Cf~bonE viti Cl ~ v z -
11'
4
4
4
3
ti;
4
b
4
4,
o
4,
2
o
3
9
h1.
11
12
7
1 1
7
G
13
1.1.
6
7
12
10
10
13
19
nee,
]?AD.
Sell.
1s
19 ,
80
a1
23
24
25
26
40
30
Oct.
1
2
4
5
Crmduhc-lr t o Lhc ?-igldl Lo ICelat.
Iienli~rlcs.
---------
(Reclioned fiwm 2: miles E. of CII-
1,001.) Ser,er:~l lcillalis, :uitl ;I goud
strcanl 011 t he right of t he ro:ld.
r\n extensive rl~ltivatr!d valley,
witli Inany lcillahs, irl~tl a line
r i v ~ ~ ' .
k ltillal~s 011 right, an11 a small
stre:11n of water.
A lnrgc place, fine river, and c~i l t i -
vi ~t ed valley.
1 kill;ll~, or1 left, nncl 1 k illall and
river 1 niile on right.
Several ~ ~ o p ~ ~ l o ~ ~ s l c i l l : ~ l ~ s , nlricll cul-
tivntcd ground, :md good strci~iii
of water.
G Itillel16 on r i gl ~t , aqlle' T~~ct of
wi~ter, and consiclcrablu culti-
v,~terl ground.
A fortress, important l ~r~zar, fine
rivciQ, i ~nd many popnlous lcilli~lls,
arlcl villirgcs.
Severill killillis, fine cnltivritcd
pl:tin, and 11q1icd11ct of ~vat er ,
'l'lie tonr~l 1: niile on left, n s1r1n11
river with good stream crosses
tlre roiid from the l ~i l l s on ri ght ;
tllc plirin on left higlily culli-
vated.
Sever111 popiilous kill-ahs and vi l -
Inges in ir cu1tiv:rted plain. Tl i e
rand run@ t o t he left of t he can-
d(ilrnr road from this.
Several popnlous Itillahs, culti-
vated plains, and streanlv of
~virter.
A large Itillxh, some villnges near,
ant1 aql ~et l t ~ct of r at er .
Many killahs nnd villages i n rrn
extnl~sivc cultivi~tecl plain, the'
rond diverges to the left, Irere,
entirely fro111 the C~~ndulrc~w ~or r t l ,
and t he valley of tlie Ttc~.nuIc
river.
A killiih nnd villago 2% ~ni l cs f r om
tlre road on right, ;lnd squedlict
c ,of mirter,
Nos.
1
2
3
t
5
6
7
9
9
10
11
12
13
14,
(6lld Qaci'dn (leaving
Stirgee.
----
Zirghundee,
I.
AIycl:r11,
Benee Bndrrrn,
811akabad,
Hyder-lcliel,
Tt ~l <e: ~,
Shlrsllgno,
GIIUXXEE,
Siri\rana,
Nnnee,
Mocrsl~i~ltee,
c ( ~ o n c l tuj-nr I#
from t he C(tn(I(1-
has. vorrd.)
Buslilteu,
Ootuk,
Mookool.,
(Road entirely
tlirergesfroni the
Cnndirhnr roird.)
No. 11 .-Conlinzted.
of water, h e ro;id crossed uno-
tiler low r:lnge of I~ills.
11 5: A I I I ~ I I ~ ~ (ruins of n city) neiv a
river ill :I cultivi~ted \,:~lley : the
i n l ~ n l i t ~ ~ ~ ~ t s c~~ci r n~l ) generillly i l l
the hills.
10 2 A few 1111ts on tho I)ILII~CS of the
river Soorlih-ab, \vl~iul~ \vir~lls
tl~~.nuglt IL r;ulge of I ~i l l s; rotlcl
cliftic~tlt for guns.
10 0; A few lrrrts i~ntl places of native
snc;r~nl)i~~ent ne:lr tlie bet1 of the
Soorkl~-;lb rive,; the i.o:rtl wintl-
i ~ l g by the river bet1 throllgh the
S: I I I I ~ r;rnge of Ilills, l i ~bor i o~~s
ant1 dilfi~:~~lt for p n s .
I S 3: Some c~~ltivatecl gro1111rl (1110 JI:L
tives cncnmp) on the banks 11f ir
s ~ni ~l l river ; : ~ t t l ~e foot of ano-
ther rilnge of I~ills, tllc rc~nd IV:I-
cl ~es the snrllnlit of t l ~ e SoorIi11-
911 r:111ge I~illf-\v;~y ; lllun tle-
scenclin;l, cro~scs ; I I I 1r11rllll:rting
\p:rllcg, in g n e r i ~l very tlilticr~lt
lluts nntl 11li1ceb: of native
~ I I C ~ I ~ I I P I I I C I I ~ on t l ~d 11i11iIis of the
Iioturrili river, the roi~tl crosses
12
19
1 I
S
11
Stages.
---------
1 1 o I C
Bnr:~ Iil~el,
1839.
Oct .
7
S
7
---
Nos.
1;
17
10
18
13
---
B . l
Remarlis.
6
5
52:
0
0
0:
for guns.
r\ few huts on t he 11:lnlr of :I slnall
river, the ru:lcl winding by tlre
river bed, atid crossc.; n ~ ~ o t l ~ e r
range of l~ills, :rlso dificult fur
-
3 snlall villnqes on tho banks of tile
Abistntln l:~lte \vhiclt is sirlt, srld
sonlo ~ I ~ I I A ~ L I C ~ S of \ir:ltcr.
Seve1.:11 l i ~rge vill:~ges in the c111-
tiv:~tctl 111ili11, atltl nq~~etltrct of
wi~tcr.
2 or 3 s1rx111 villaqcs in t l ~c s;lnlc
plairl, iind aqueduct of \rictcr.
A sniilll villi~ge in the same pl;~in,
iultl small stream of wnter.
An aqtledt~ct stre:un, and sonlc
c~~l t i vat et l gru1111d at Gl~oonclrn
n~ount:lin, se\wral vill:~gcs 9 or b
111iles to the right, the road across
n low ranze of l ~i l l s verb. difli-
If3 J un~a e t ,
I
19 I(iullninee,
20
Ghoondan,
No. .I 1 .-.-Conlinued.
IRS!).
Oct.
-
2 1-
26
26
97
29
50
31
Nor.
3
---
Nos. S1;iges.
-I-
N.
-
12
7
12
fJ
l ( i
1,i
9
10
6
28
29
30
31
32
33
3'1-
36
36
Cutcll 'robs,
'I'onr,
Sce thc B3.\1x
i u~d direction
leaving Crindnhnr
to right.
SI ~i i l ~ur GtiIl:iee,
Bursl ~al ~rn,
Soorkll-ab Pnrln,
I i t
Hgderzy e,
I<uclilalc,
PTTTA (or Iiot)
rn I)ro\rLnce of
Snam~,
Ispunglee,
F.
3
3
F
2
el+
f2
4.
k
4
I
ILe~niirlts.
-- ------
;iscent ~ n t l descent, r ~i gpxl , sto-
ny, ;inti very difficult for gnns.
Some hut s iinil sover;il pl ~l ces of
ri;rtive enc; ~rnprne~~t , : ~nt l culli-
vatell gro1111d on tllc banlcs of n
small river. l' hc rond wi ~i ds by
tlie river I)etl, tl~rorrgh a very
hilly country, neirrly all thc\r;ty.
Caml) e$ niilcs IV. of 'l'~bn,ltillitIi,
a t a few l i ~~t s , itnd small streern
of arnter. 'I'l~e killall, tlie resi-
dence of ITi~jee Khnrr, hiokula's
fiiriiily; t11e road minds t l ~r ougl i
a~i ot l i er rnnge of hills.
Several small villages on t he bitnlcs
of n snliill river, in e very l ~i l l y
country. The rond minding over
ariotlter rnnge of hills, stony,
rugged, nntl very tliffici~lt f or
glllls,
t or 6 killslln, and several smiill
villages itlong t hc Bui ~sham river.
'l'l~e roiicl along the ri ver bed,
nearly all the nray.
A large Itillnl~, open vill;lge, and
a q u e d ~~c t of mnt er; irt 7 miles
t he rond, ~vliich si nt l s t hr ougl ~
tile hillsby tile river bed, 1-earlies
t he cxten\ive, an11 cultivatctl
plains of Pisheen.
2 large villages. River and cr ~l t i -
vated plains.
Severnl villages a ~ i d Icill:~lts, culti-
vated plains, ancl fine s t r e i ~l i ~s of
\rf;iter.
Severill villnges and lzillal~s, c ~r l t i -
vatetl plairts iind fine st r ei ~r ns of
water.
N. B.
By this Roi ~t e tlie noml ) i ~y
Co)limn fiiived 85 rniles of ~t ~i r r cl t
to Quettii. Tlie Bengi~l Co l u m~l
matie 4-3 niarclies from Quella t o
Cabool.
t \ large village, and aqueduct of
\rFnter.
( 111 T Id village of nboat 60 housos, and
I S39.INos.
-
- - -
Nov.
4 37 Bu ~ g I(rrl.ez,
5 38 iianulc ICirrez,
6 39 hloos~oonr;,
8 40 Sheereen-ab,
9 4 ~ 1 Dost Mnl r o~~~ed
Iinrea,
10 42 Zirid,
11 9.3 Burem Cl~in;ro,
12 4,46 Guranee,
13 ~LSI ~ELAT,
Miles from
C~bool to lielnt,
No. l2.--Koz~ia d' Bombay Column from JL'eTat t o ICot~ec
~Sindlz (wid the Moolla A I'ass) 7 miles St-o na G~~nclava.
I
47 Soorrna Sir1~11,
48,SoIlrtrb,
~ti~n-I".tlem;rrlts.
- L _ _ _
An nque'luct of rrp:~tel., 4 or 5 snlall
villilge,q ; i t 2 or 3 miles distant
011 right, townrds t he 11ills.
An nrlnetluct of ~vr ~t er , sonle huts,
nlrlcll cultivated grourld ; t he
villi~ge of I i nr ~i ~l c 2; miles on
s. I\'.
A liage wnIIet1-town, marlJr vil-
lages neirr, ill arl e s t e r ~ s i ~ e cul-
ti1111ted 11111in.
Tlie bi~nlc of Sheereen-ab river, a
small but good streanl, no vil-
Iilgo rlenr.
A slnall village, and :rqoeduct of
wirter.
About 8 sn~nl l villages and aqile-
dllct of ~vi ~t or , I I I iun exter~sive
cultivtrted valley.
An i ~r l ned~~ct strear11 and mrich ~111-
tiviitetl g~*ou~nt l , in :rn extensive
plnin, 2 or 3 s111nll villnges from
2 tn 3 miles di st ant .
A s~ni ~l l village nnd nqr~educt
stream ; nlmu t 2 miles &ort of
the Iilrge villiiges of Zyerot,
there wi ~s no wat er on t he roirtl
fron) Rureni Cl~irino.
A strong fortress arid lofty citatlel,
s considernble town, outsicle, on
the ri ght ; and r ~not l ~e r on. tho
loft, with nnruly villi~ges, In a
cultivnted si ~l l ey.
By this route t he Bondlay Colun111
saved S t mi l es of ~nnrcl l to
(2uetti-t.
-
7
12
15
11
9
12
9
17
S
-
4,94
8
G
2
G
3;
2
,i.4
7
2
--
a
--
lo/ o
16 3
1
II fine st ream of wat er.
Nnn~c of n river, 1 mile \V. of the
halt ing place.
11 col l ect i o~~ of sever:rl vil1;rges;
wc\te ill streirms from t he J~ills.
No. 12.-C'ontintccd.
Rei~r;rrlcs.
---- --
3 or 4 liorrsos, and R st r enn~ of
\rirter. The Sa ~~t ~i e c ~nc c lSo:rd
r uns off to the right fro111 this.
A nlotlerirte \lill;rge, 1 niile to thc
N. of the road. The ro;lcl r r ~ns
r~long the I)ed of tlre ?vlooll:rl~
river, i\~liich runs throng11 tlre
Pass, rrster in pools.
No villi~ge, but meiins :In openin:
ill tlre vitlley. At 10; ~ni l cs the
hills on each side, sudtlenly
closed itnd i\pproilched to within
20 or 30 feet, itnd irt least 600
feet IligIr, slrnost l)crpentlicul:~r.
No villtrge, but at 7 rniles t he tlc-
serted village of Morclirni~.
Crossed the river scvcrtrl times,
\\~11icIl has now n good stre:rn~
r unl ~i ng ; \rith n good de:ll of
l';rnr;~risk jungle.
No villiye near. 'I'lre first 5 lniles
very tetliorrs, lrirving t o cross
t he I - ~ ~ C I . se\,eri~l times, irrltl is
very stoily. 'l'lrc l1i11s from this
opened into ;L I~rrgc plain, with
better road. The river nrcets
nnotller strenrrr from t he N.
1'rorn Pirntlirr:rng.
At 3 miles pnss l'ccr Lr~ttoo, ir
Palieer's tolnb. Cross tile river
s c ~ e r i ~ l tinlea ill the first p:irt of
tlre nlarclr. Another struanr
joir~u irr frorl~ tlre right, by whielr
i r roul conrcs ill fro111 I<hoxtl:rr
1) ~' Guzgooroo irnd Zelrrec. A
fe\v Irrrtu ; sorue s~~pl rl i es \irere
brougl~t in Ircrc.
From U;rl)ow to Nud tlre direc-
tion w;ls S. U. \ r l ~en i t chnngetl
t o N. I<., wit11 considoritblc de-
scent. At (ii miles ~ ~ I S S t he
tomb of SoIiIi;. t he iroouted so11
66
1S3!).'Nos.
hTov .
Dee.
! 1
Stages.
------
A njeera,
Uirpo~r,
l'esee Ucnt, (the
h-Ioollt~h P~Iss,)
Putltee,
I'ireesht ICII~III~I,
(Out of t l ~ c l i e-
l i ~ t teisritory,)
Nurtl,
Ju~lgi-ltoosllti~,
4 ~ 9
80
51
62
A3
5 1
55
Bent-i-Jirll,
M.
14.
11
12
1 1
10
11
19,
10
F.
1
6:;.
>
5
7
21.
2
4
of Sh:~ll Blrirx.
At 7 miles 1)a.s~ t he ~, i l l sge of ILa-
tachee. 'I'lre ro;td gootl leitving
t he river to the right. 11 vil-
l i ge Irere irntl so111c srrpplics.
No. l2.-Conlbzlcd.
t 9' l <ot rec,
(See Route
No. 10, 111:1r011
No. 3.1, for t he
!
ronte hnclt to
t he scn coast.)
2zi l Aeft the river \ r l ~i cl ~ rllrls E, into
the plitia s t l<eeltm llnss. Peer-
cl i l ~t t i ~i : ~ t G miles, wl ~ere tllcro
aro some fine trees al ~d c111tiv:l-
tion, \\,it11 n fine strcnrn of lvi~ter,
or snlnll river, \rhicl~ runs to
Itotree. For s sllort distance
fro111 IJeerchottili, the roi~cl is
ir~tlifferent and stony rvl~ere i t
crosses Ll~e river. I'nssing I~alf-
irny fro111 Cllnttni the tomb (a
hnl~dsnn~e building) of hl al ~o-
n~etl Ettnmi. ltotree is :r large
l)lacc, wit11 i~ good Ilazaln! yrin-
cipnlly inl~irbitad by H~ndoos
fron~ Shi kn~apoo~. I t ie 7 miJcs
from Gundcrarr, and t he 7th
Cnn~p from Lnvlihuso of the
(Iiot~lbr y) army i r ~ its ; ~t l \ ~xnce
ill l \ I; ~rcl ~, In39. See It or~t e NO.
10, r l ~r r cl ~ Nu. 34, tl~ell Nos. 33
tu No. I.
-
1539. Nos. St;iges.
' I
31.
11
11);
-
Dee.
F.
8.1,
'71
t71C;lrnp l?, n~i l c
-- - -
Rcn~nrlcs.
-------------
' 1' 11~ valley is very confined here.
'1'11~ rivcr is Icft tto t he right
t he tirst 11i1rt of the tray, I ~ u t is
crossc~l s ~ \ ~ e r t ~ l tirnes in the 1;lst
2 miles, 1)nssing t l ~e I ~al t i i ~g-
place, callrtl Piinee\r.nn, i ~l ) ot ~t
mid-wily.
m ~ e first n~i l e of road very l ~ d ,
r vhc ~~ it nsccnds some clev:ltetl
gr o~~nd, 'tlesce~ltlii~g illto the
river l)cO ngilir~ i ~ t G ntiles, :tnd
entors the p11ss of Nowl ~~ng-
this is n rni11et1 village i ~nd tile
clltl of the I'ilss.
66
sllort c; f ~Col~ow,
1<11lln% or Iteeliul
(11 I'ess,)
APPENDIX.
APPENDIX.
No. I.
Proclamation.
1.
The Ri ght Non'ble t l ~ e Govr. Genl. of India having, wi t h
t he concorrcnce of t he Snprcme Courrcil, directed thc nssemblage of
R British force for service ncross tlle Indus, His Lordship rlcelns i t
proper to publish t he following exposition of the rcnsolls wl l i cl ~
have led to this important mensure.
2.
Tt is a 111atter of notoriety that the treaties entercd illto by
t he Bri t i sl ~ Govt. i n tlie year 1839, wit11 t l ~ c Ameers of Sinde, tlie
Nawab of Bal~awnlpore, and A~Inlln Rajnh Rr~njeet Singh, l~ntl for
their ol~jcct, Ly opening t he navigation of tlie Indns, to f'icilitate
t he extension of comrncrce, nntl to gain for t l ~e Uritisli Nation, in
Ce ~ ~ t r a l Asia, tlint legitimate i~tflucnce wllictl nn i n t c r c l ~t ~~~g c of
benefits would naturnlly produce.
3. Wi t h a view to invite tlie nid of the deftrclo rulcrs of Afglinri-
istan t o the mensures necessary for giving hrll effect to thosc Treaties.
Capt. Uurnes was deputed, towartls tlie close of tiic year 1836, on
a mission to Dost A4ul1omed IChnn, thc Chief of Cnbul. The origi-
nal objects of t hat otlicer's mission were purely of a commercia1
nature.
4. JTJ~ilst Capt. Burnes, Iion,evcr, was on 11is journey to Cabul,
information was receivcd by the Govr. Genl. that the troops of
Dost Mnlionied I<hi111 had made a sudden ant1 unprovoked tittack o n
those of ollr ancient Ally, Ailrthn Raja11 Runjeet Singh. It wns
nirturnlly to bc apprel~ended that His IIigliness the Maha Rnjntl
would not be slow to avenge this aggression; and i t wns t o be
feared that thc flaniw of war being ollcc kindled in t l ~ c vcry ~ C ~ ~ U I I Y
into ~vllicl~ we merc endeavouring to extent1 our commerce, tlre
peaceful and beneGcial purposes of tlie ljritisl~ Govt. wo111tl b e
altogether frustriited. In order to avert n result so calamitous, t h e
Govr. Genl. rcsolved on notltoriziug Ciipt. Durncs to intilllate to
Uost &kil~omed I<l~en that, if lie sllo~ild evince a di sposi t i o~~ to come
to just and reaso11n1)le terms with the Malta Rnjah, His Lordsl~ils
would exert his good offices with His Higl~nees for the restorntion
of nn nmicable anderstattding between the two poivers. Tl ~ e Mal ~a
R~j al i , wit11 t11e characteristic confidence 1v11icl1 he has i ~ni f or ml ~
.I
plilcetl in t he faith nnd frientlsliip of t he Rritish nation, nt once
assented to the proposition of the Govr. Getll. to tile eflcct tllnt,
in the l~~eantirne, hostilities on liis part sl~ould be suspended.
5.
I t subscqnently canlc to the knowledge of t l ~e Govr. Getll.,
t l ~nt a Persian Army wus besiegirlg IIerat ; that intrigues were
actively prosecuted tl~roughout Afghai~istan, for thc purpose of
extending Persiaii itifluence nnd nuthority to the b ~u ~k s of, itntl even
beyond, t he Iadus; and thnt the Court of Persia 11ad not only
commenced a course of injury alld insult to the officers of I-Ier
hlajesly's missiou iu the Persian territory, but had afforded evidence
of being engaged in designs \vholly at variance with t he principles
nnd objects of its alliance with Grent Britain.
6.
After much time spent by Capt. Burnes in fruitless negotia-
tion nt Cabul, it appeared, tliat Dost Maliometl IChi~n, chiefly in
7
consequence of his relitlnce upon Persian encouragetnet~t n ~ ~ d i~esist-
nncc, persisted, as respected his misunderstnnding with thc Sikhs,
in using the most unre~sonable pretensions, s11cl1 as the Govr. Genl.
could not, consistently with justice a ~ ~ d his regt~rd for t he friendship
of Rilnlla liajah lEunjeeL Singh, be the channel of submitting to tlie
consideration of His Highness; that he avowed schemes of aggran-
dizement nnd a~nbition, inji~rious t o the security and peace of the
frontiers of India ; and that he openly threatened, in furtherance of
those schemes, to call in every foreign nid which he could com-
mand. Ultimately he gave his undisguised support to t he Persian
designs in Afghanistan, of the unfriendly and injurious character of
which, ns concerned the British power in Indin, hc was well nppriz-
ed, and by his uttcr disregnrd of the views and interests of the I
British Govt., compelled Capt. Barnes to leave Cabul without having
"I
effected any of the objects of his mission.
7. It was now evident that no further interference could be
I
esercieed by the British. Govt. to bring rrl~out n good underst ~ndi r~g
I
hetween t he Sikh Ruler and Dost Mahorned Ebnn, and the llostile
policy of t he li~tter Chief showed too plainly that, so long as Cabul
remained under his Govt., we could never hope that the tranquillity
of our neigl~l)ourl~ood would be secured, or that t he interests of
our Itlclian Empire \vould be preserved inviol%te.
I I 1
8.
The Govr. Genl. deems it in this place necessary t o revert t o
the siege of Herat, and the contluct of the Persiun nation. l'lie
siege of t l ~at city has rlow been carried OII hy the Persian Army
for many montl~s. The atlack upon it mas a most unjustifiable and
cruel aggressioli, perpetrated and continued, notwithstnnding t hc
eolen~n nnd rcpeated remonstrances of the Uritisl~ Envoy at t he
Court of Persia, n~rd nfter every just and becoming offer of accom-
1110datio11 l ~at l been made and rejected. The besieged have bcl~aved
with gnllantry and fortitude worthy of the jristice of their cause,
nnd the Govr. Genl. would yet indulge the hope that their heroism
mny enable t l ~e n ~ to maintain a successful defence, until succours
sl~all rencl~ tl~eun from British India. In the meantime, tlie ulterior
designs of Persiu, affecting t l ~c interests of the British Govt., have
been, by a snccession of events, niore and more openly ~rianifcsted.
The Govr. Genl, 11as recently ascertained by an official despatch from
Mr. BJcNeill, Her Majcsty's Envoy, that I-Iis Excellcr~cy 11as been
coml~elletl, by the ~.efusnl of his just demands, and by a systema-
tic course of disrespect adopted towards him by the Persian Govt.,
to quit the Court of the Sl ~a l ~, and to make a public declaratior~ of tlie
cessatior~ of all intercourse between the two Govts. The necessity
under wliicli Great Britain is placed, of regarding the present ad-
vance of the l'ersinn Arms illto Afgl~anistnn as an act of hostility
towards herself, has also been officially comn~u~~icatcd t o the Sl1a11,
under the express order of Her Mnjesty's Govt.
9.
The Clriefs of Cnndahar (brothers of Dost hTnhomctl ICl~an
of Cnbul) have avowed their adl ~er e~~ce to the Persian Policy, with
the same full knowledge of its opposition to the rights nnd interests
of the British Niltion ill Inilia, and have been opel~ly assisting in
the operations against I-Ierat.
10.
TII the crisis of afhirs consequc~~t upon the reti~.cmc~lt of
ottr Envoy from Cul)ul, the Govr. Geld. felt the importance of tnk-
i ng immediate measures, for arreatiug the rapid progrcss of foreign
intrigue n~i d aggressiol~ towa1.d~ our own territol-ies.
1 I.
His attelltion was naturally draw11 at this co~ljuncture to the
position and claims of S11uli Soojah-001-i'doolk, a rnonarcll who,
when in power, had cordiiilly acceded to the measures of united
resi st a~~ce to external enmity, wl~ich mere st t l ~ t ~ t tirne judged ne-
cessary by the British Govt., and wl~o, on 11is e~npire beiug usurped
By its present Rulers, ]lad f o a ~ ~ d an honorable ~r u~l um in the Uri-
t i sl ~ Domiuio~~s.
12.
I t 11arl been clcnrly ascertained, from the information fur-
nisl~ctl by t hc \rarious officers who 11;1vc visited Afghanistan, t hat
the I l a r ~ I i ~ ~ c Chief, from t l ~ci r tlis~lniorl and unpopulnrity, were ill
fitted, under nny circumstances, to be useful Allies to the British
Govt., and t o air1 us in our just and necessary Inctlslues of national
defence. Yet so long as they refrained from proceedings i~ljurious
to our interest and sec~~ri t y, tile Uritisli Govt. aclct~owledged and
respected their anthority. But a different policy appeared t o be now
more thnn justified I)y the conduct of t l ~ose chiefs, and to be
indispensible to our own safcty. The welfare of our l~ossessions iu
the E ~ s t requires that we sliould llnve on our Wcstcrn Fro~llier, a n
ally wl ~o is intcrestetl in resisting aggre~si on, and establishing trnn-
quill~ty, in t he place of cl~iefs ranging themselvcs in subservience
to a hostile power, and scelcing t o promote schemes of conquest
turd aggrandi zeme~~t .
13. After a scrioos and mature deliberation, the Gow. Genl.
was satisfied that a pressing necessity, as well as cvcry considcl.a-
tion of policy ant1 justicc, ~v:lrrnnted us in espousing the cause of
Shah Soojnh-001-Moolk, \vliose popnlilrity throughonL Afgl i a~~i s-
t nn had been pro\~ed to I-[is I,ol~tlsl~ip by the strong ant1 unani-
nlous testimony of tlic best autl~orilies. I-Iaving arrived at t hi s
rletermination, the Govr. Genl. was further of opinion, that i t
was just and l)rol>cr. no lcss from tllc position of Mahn Eajall
Runjeet Singh, than from his undeviating friendship towards
the British Government, that I-lis I-Iighness sliooltl have tlie
offer of bcco~ning a party to the contcmplnted operations.
Mr. Macnnghten wos accordingly deputed in Jnne last to t he
Court of His Highness, and the result of his mission has been t he
conclusion of a Tripartite Treaty by t he British Govcrnment,
the Maha Rajah, and Shah Soojah-ool-Moollc, whereby Il i s I-ligll-
ness is guaranteed in his present possessions, and has bound
himself to co-operute for the restorcltiorl of thc Sl ~al i to tile throne
of his ancestors. Tlie frie~itls and cuc~nies of nnp one of the con-
tractillg parties, hare been deelnretl to be t l ~e friends and enemies
of all. Various points have been adjusted, \vhich h;icl been t he
subjects of discussion betwcen tlie British Govt. and Il i s Ilighuess
the Milha Rajah, the identity of whose interests with those of tlle
Ron'ble Company, has 11ow I~cen made apparent to all the aurround-
ilrg states. A guaranteed iurlependence will, upon favourable condi-
tions, be tendered to the An~ecrs of Si nde; and the integrity of
I-ferat, in the posscssio~i of its prcscnt ruler, will be fully respected ;
while by the mcosurcs completed, or ill progress, it rnny reasonably
be hoped that the general frcedom and sccurity of colnmerce will
be proniotcd ; that the unme and just inliuence of the J3ritieh Govt.
will gain their proper footing among thc natives of Centrnl Asia,
t hat tranquillity will be established upon t l ~c most i mpor t a~~t
frontier of India; and that a lasting barrier will be raised against
intrigue nnd encroacl i ~~~e~i t .
14. Ilis Majesty Sllilh Soojdl-001-~I~olk, will enter Afgl ~nni st a~~
surrounded by his own troops, and will I)c supported agilinsl
foreign i~iterfercnce, and factious ol)l)osition, by a Uritisl~ Arniy.
The Govr. Genl. confidently I~opcs that the Shah will be speedily
replaced on 11is throne by his 01~11 subjects and adl~erenls, a ~ ~ d
when once he shall I)e secured in power, a~lrl thc independence anrl
integrity of Afgl~anistan established, Ll~e British Army will be with-
drawn. Tlie Govr. Genl. 11as been Icd to these lneasures, I)y the
duty wl ~i cl ~ is ilnposed upon him of providing for tlle security of the
possessions of the British crown; but lic rejoices that, in the dis-
cllal-ge of this duty, he \vill be c ~ ~ d l c d to assist in restoring the
union and prosperity of the Af g l ~ a ~ ~ pcople. Throughout the
rrpproachi~~g operations, British i~rfluence will be sedulously employed
t o further every measure of ge~~er al benefit; to I-econcile differ-
ences; to secure obl~vion of i ~~j uri es; and to put an end to the
di st ract i o~~s by which, for so mnny years, the welfare and hnl)l)i~~ess
of the Afghans l~uvc been impaired. Even to the Chiefs, wl~osc
hostile proceedings hnve give11 just causc of oRence to the British
Govt., it will seek to secure liberal and ho~~ornble treatment, on t l ~ei r
tendering early submission ; and ceasil~g from ol~position to that
course of measures, which may be judged the most suitable for the
general advanti~ge of their country.
By Order of the Right Hon'ble the Govr. Genl. of India,
(Signed) TV-. H. ~' I ACNAG~~~I ~EN,
Sccy. to t he Govt. OfIndia,
with the Govr. Cmil.
-
NOTIFICATION.
\\rith reference to the preceding declaration, the following ap.
p i n t ments are made.
Mr. W. I-I. filacnagliten, Secretary to Govt., will assumc the
functions of Envoy and Minister 011 the part of thc G o v e ~ ~ ~ ~ n c ~ l t of
India a t the court of Sliah Soojuli-ool-Moolk.
Mr. Macnnghten
will be assisted by the following officers.
Ci~pt. Alexander Burncs, of the Bombay estal)lishment, who will
be employed urider BIr, Nriciiaghten's directions as Envoy to t he
chicf of Icelat, or other states.
Lieut. E. D'Arcy Todd, of t he Bengal Artillery, to bc Political
Assistant and Military Secretary to t he Envoy nnd Ministcr.
T,ieut. Eldred Pottinger, of the nombny Artillery; Lieut. R.
Leech, of tlie Uornbay Engineers; Mr. P. 13. Lord, of the Bombay
RIedical Establishment, to be Political Aesistants to do. do.
Lieut. E. B. Conolly, of the Gth Regt. nengal Cnvalry, t o com-
1na11t1 t he Escort of tlie Envoy aud Minister, and to be Military
Assistant to do. do.
Mr. G. J. Berwiclc of the Bengal Medical Establishment, t o be
Surgeon to do. do.
(Signed) W. H. ~I ACNAGHTEN,
Se q. to the Gol~t. qf India,
Oct. Ist, 1838, with .the Coup. Gsnl.
No. 11.
To T. I. . iWuddock, Esq. Of'. Secy. t o tire Govt. of India,
with the Gov?. Genl. ( I ) I
SIR,
I n my letter to your address of t he 12th iiistnnt, I ventured t o
record a n opinion to thc effect, that t he lapse of a few days would
suffice t o show t he I~igll cstimation in wllich IT. &I. Shah Soojah-ool-
I
IVIoolk is held by his countrymen, as well as the wisdom of t he
policy pursued by the British Govt., throughout the wllole of tlie
proceedings in which we are now engaged.
I
7
2. Yesterday the Shall, with his disciplined troops, made a
march of 22 miles to Deh I-Iadjee, where we had the satisfnction of
learuing that tlle Sirdurs were about t o decamp. We lltlve since
~ecertaiiled that they actually set out about 3 o'clock yesterday even-
ing, attended by about 200 followers. Their conduct t o the last
was marked by meanncss and rapacity. Wtiilst with one hand they
were selling their stores of grain to t he merchants of t he city, they
(1) Politic111 Dept. (Simla.) 1
I
Appendix, 9
I
werc practising cvery species of cstortion nntl violence towards
thc pcnceable inllnbitants, nnd they dcparted amidst tlie execrations
j
of all classes.
3. Tl ~i s morning we marched upon Candahar, a distance of
about 16 miles, and we ure now encamped within 2 miles of the
city. The spectacle which presented itself to us on thc road, was
1
the most interesting one it ever fell t o my lot to witness. 11. E.
Idt.-Ce~ll. Sir J. ICeane, with the army of the I ~~d u s , was one marc11
in our rear, our advance having bccn rnnde on an erroneous cnlculn-
tion of the distance, which, owing to the heat of the weathcr, was
too great to be performed by the Europcul trool~s. The Sllnll's
disciplined troops were bel~ind us, ant1 1-1. Al . ridvanced, rittcnded
only by the officcrs of the hlissio~l and his own imn~cdinte retainers.
At every 100 yards of our progress, we were nlct by bands of well-
mounted and well-armed men all teudering their allegiance to I l i s
I
I IV1njesty, w11ilst the peacet~blc inhabitants of thc country usse~nbled
I
in crontla, and manifested their joy at the Sl~nh' s restoration in tllc
most unqualified terms.
4. Tranquillity is restorccl-the peoplc flock to our Camp \pith
tlie greatest confitlence. Tllcre is no longer any nppreliension of
scarcity, ant1 evcn the confidential servnnts of the Sirdnrs, several of
whon~ have visited me, tleclnre their satisfi~ction nt the cl~ange of
Govt.. ant1 state tllnt they would sooner 11ave joincd tlie Sl ~a l ~, but
for thc tlread that some evil would l~ave 11cen inflicted on their families,
wl ~om Lhey muat l ~ave left in the city.
5.
H. M. proposed to send out a pnrty in the liope of over-
talcing tlie fugitive Sirdnrs, and [hey certainly appear tleserving of
little consideration after the wickedness nnd folly which tliey hi ~ve
di sl ~l a~cd, in spite of repeated nnd solemn war~~ings. IL doubtless
would be dangerous to allow them to rernain at Inrge and excite
disturbances in the country; but I n7as npprel~ensive that in t he
present excited stalc of men's minds, they migl~t be seized by t he
Shah's party, ant1 be subjected to unnccessory crl~clty ; I therefore
prevniled upon 14. &J. to permit me to malie t l ~c Sirdars one Inore
oft'er, wl ~i cl ~, i f accepted, will enable them to retirc to our tcrr'itorics
ill safety. Any provision which I-lis Lordul~ip tlie Govr. Genl. may
please to assign to tl~ern d l , of coursc, fall far short of wl ~nt t hey
would have received had they at ollce conle into our tcrma ; and I
am of opinio~i that 500 Rs. (2) per mensem for each of them, nor ~l d
be an ample provision.
(2) t50,
b
10 Appendix.
6. I t is my intention, therefore, to write to the Sirdt~rs, tllrough
iMoollct1~ A'z~ssoo, their confidential atlvisel-, and 1 am not without l ~opc
tlint they will come into my terms-descrted as they arc by nearly
r~ll the followers who left the city with them, and surrounded as
they must be by dangcrs and difficulties of every description.
7.
I now proceed to detail the progress of events from t he date
a ion. of my last commuriic t'
5. Since the tlespatch of my letter to your address, dated the
12th instant, giving the substance of my cornlnunication with thc
Sirdars, nothing of sufficient importance occurred to require a sepn-
rate report.
9. I n the ICojulr Pnss, we found a natural obstacle of a much
n~or e formidable naturc than we anticipated: it was speedily sur-
mounted by the cncrgy of the British troops. Brigr. Arnold, who
wcnt to reconnoitre the Pass, suddenly came upon a small party
detached by the Sirdars, and was fired upon ; the party howrevel.
rnade a precipitate retreat ; and i t was evident that the Sirdars had
bcen surprised by the rtipidity of our advance.
10. I n tlle sarnc Pass, letters mere intercepted from the Sirdars. t
addressed to the authorities in Swee and the eastern provinccs,
stating that they il~tc~iclctl to advance and oppose us in Pesheen, and
calling upon all true ilfclhonzcdans to join in a religious warfare
against the invatling injidels. We further learnt that the Sirdnrs
werc still uuremittiug in their endeavours to excite tlle same feelings
of animosity, agt~inst us at C[indal~clv.
1 1. I t subbcquently came to our Itnowledge, t hat Rahitn Dil
1
IChun and ilfelit. Dil Ifi an, wiLh a number of other chiefs, and a
body of bctween 2 and 3,000 Cavalry, had quitted Cntrdu?cl~ro. wit11 a
view of annoying us in every possible way,--leaving ICol~un Dil
Khan to guard their interests in the city. ' h e maill body advanced
as far as ICillr~ Fuitoollnh, whence they detached parties to t l ~ c
vicinity of Duntla-goolnec. 111ese parties succeeded in ltilling several
1
of our followers who had incautiously strayed ; ant1 ill carrying off'
two of my elephants wllicll hacl becli, against orders, talten for thc
11urpose of procuring fodder, to a great distance from the Camp.
They also put us to considerable inconvenience, for a short time, by
diverting the streum which supplied our Camp with wai ej v.
12.
On the nlorning of the 20th instant, Ilajee IClian, ICuku~.
who llad accompanied the Sirdars from Cunduhu7., and who is
decidedly tllc most powerful chief in these parts, reported hi s
arrival, with about 200 horsemen, to pay his respects to tlle Shrr?a. 1
f
Appendix.
1Ie \vas escorted into Canlp, nnd rcceivcd wit11 all llonor bot h by
H. &I. and n~yself. This defection, it was obvious, \vould at o n c e
prove fatal to the hopes of the Sirdars.
13.
On the same clay, two other persons of considerable influence
came in, namely, Atdo01 AfiIjeod lU~rc?t, tllc son of Shah Pussund
ICliult, Govr. of Lash and Giiola7n Akl t oondzadn, a moollah, who,
1 have good grounds for believing, was one of those wlio were mo s t
violent in stirring up the populi~tion to oppose us.
14. The secessio~~ of these individuds, and the near npproacll of
our troops, filled the Sirdars witli consternatioi~ ; and they fell back
rapidly on Ca~~dnl ~ar.
15.
The ci?lcie?lt nobles of t l ~c land have been nearly ext er-
minated by the vctpnciotis t yQct n?~y of t he Eav ukz y e usurpers ;
but it \VHS gratifying to lind that t l ~c advent of the Shah, was cor-
dially welcomed in every stagc of his progress, by every man of
respcctabilitp \ ~ h o has been lcft in the country ; and H. M.'s recep-
tion nt Candahar, as above detililed, has fully justificd the opinions
that have been pronounced, as to his popularity with all classes
of his subjects.
16. I shall report furtl~er proceedings in the course of to-morrow.
I have, &c.
(Signed) W. H. ~IACNAOHTRN,
Envoy und Mixistel..
Ccinzp at Cnndctha7*, the 24/11. A p d , 1839.
By ovdev of 111s ZIon'ble the Pq-eside~rt in Counci l ,
(Signed) H. T. PRINSHP, Secy. t o Gout.
Political De l ~t , 31.d June, 1830, (Cctlcuttn.)
No. 111.
G. 0, by H, E. Lt.-Geal. S~Y. 6. Ifeane, I f , C. B. and
G. C. I ' , Comnaanding 2l8e A~nz y of 2l~e Indus.
Hd. Qrs. Cmg, Caf~uhhnr, 4th Jffly, 1839.
The combined forces of Uengal nnd Bombay bei~lg now nssembled
at Candallar,
Comr.-in-Chief congratulates all ranlrs on the trium-
phant, tllougll arduous, merch which they have accomplished, from
distant and distinct parts of India, with a regularity and discipline
\vhich is mnc11 appreciated by him, and rcflects u11o11 themselves t he
l~igliest credit. Tile difficulties which have bce~i surmonntcd 11ilve
been of no ordinary nature, and the recollectioil of what hns bcen
overcome, must hereafter be a pleasing reflection to those concerned
who have so zealously, and in so soldier-like a manner, contributetl
to etfect them, so ns to arrive at the desired end. Tlie engineers
11ad to make roads, and, occasionnlly, in some estraordinary slcep
mountain passes, ovcr which no wheeled carriagc Iiad ever passed.
This was a worli requiring science and much sevcrc labor ; but so
well has it been done, that tlie progress of the Army was in n o inan-
iicr impeded. The hea\.y and liglit ordnauee were alilie talien over
in safety, by the exertions and good spirit of the Artillcry, in which
they were most cheerfully niid aljly assisted by the troops, bot h
El ~?- openn and 1Vc~liue, and in a nlanner which gave the whole
proceeding the appearance, that each mail was working for a favorite
ol~ject of his own.
2. EI. E. shares in the satisfaction which t l ~ose troops must
feel (after the difficult task they huve accomplislied, and the trying
circumstances onder which thcy have 11ee11 placed, the naturc of
which is well Itn0\\~11 to themselves, and therefore unnecessary for
hiin to detail), at knowing the enthosiasm with which the popula-
tion of Cnnc l ( ~ha~ hnve received and \vclcomcd the return of their
lawful sovcrcign, Shu7~ ShoojuIi-ool-i7fooIIc, to the t h r o ~ ~ e of his
n~icestors in Afl&lianistccn. Sir J. ICeane will nclt fail to report t o t he
Rt . IIon. Lord Aucltlnnd, Govr. Genl. of India, his admiration of
the condl~ct and discipline of tlic troops, by wl~ich means i t has
been easy to effect, and to fulfil tlie plans of his Lordship, in t he
operations of the campaign liitllerto.
3. The Comr.-in-Chief has already, in a G. 0. dated t he 6t h
ultimo, expressed his acltno\\rledgment t o Maj.-Genl. Sir TV. Cot t on
for the creditable and judicious manner in which he conducted t he
Bengnl colum~i to the vallcy of Shawl. 13. E. has now a pleasing
duty to perform in requesting Maj.-Geld. Willsliire, Co~ng. t he
Bon~l ( i y column, to accept his best thanks for his successful cxer-
tions in bringing the troops of that Presidency to this ground,
in the most efficient and soldier-lilie state.
4.
The Comr.-in-Chief entertains a confident expectation, t hat
the same orderly conduct which has gained for the troops t he
good-will of t he inhabitants, of the states and countries t hrough
which they h ~ v e passed, will continue to be observed by thein
during their advance upon Cal ool , when the proper time for t hc
adoption of that step sl~all have been dccided upon, by H. E. i n
corlcert with M. Shah Shoojall-001-Moolk, nnd tlle E111loy and
Minister, W. 1-1. Macnaghten. Esq. representing British interests
at the Court of the Icing of Affgllanistan.
G. 0. 5th 1Vuy, 1839.
On the occasion of 14. M. Shah Shoojah-001-Moolk taking pos-
session of Iiis throne and receiving the homage of llis people of
CundoEnltar, tlic following ceremonizil will be observed :-
The whole of the troops now at Rei d Quarters mill be forined
in order of Review at day-ligl~t on tlie morning of the 8th inst.
on grolind wliich will I)e pointed out t o Asst. Adjts. Ge~il. of Divi-
sions to-~nol.row nfternoon at 5 o'clock, by the D. rhljt. Genl. of
the Bengal Army.
2. The troops will take up their ground i n the following order
from the rigllt.
3. Bengnl. I-Iorse Artillery ; Cavalry Brignde. Camel Battery ;
1st Brigade of Infantry; 4th 13ripde of Infantry.
Bombay. Horse Artillery; Cavnlry Brigarle ; Iufantry Brigndc.
4. The 4th (Bengal) Local 1;Torse will take up n posi t i o~~ in front
of the right flank, and the Poontt Auxiliary Horse in front of t he
left flank, for the purpose of keeping the space in advance of the
troops, clear of the populace.
5. A platform will be erected for 13. M. Shah Shoojah-ool-
Moolk, in front of the centre of the Line, on either flank of which
detachments of I-I. N.'s Cavalry mill take post, to prevent the intru-
sion of the populace.
7. The troops of I-:. M. Sliuli Shoojah will be drawn up in a
strcet in the most convenient situation, between t he gate and t he
British Army, and will salute R. M. as lle pnsses. Tlle lci~lg's
Artillery will be fornled near the palace, and will fire a royal salute
on tlie departure, and return of His Majesty.
8. On His Majesty npproncliing the plntform, n royal salute
is to be fired from one of tlle batteries in the line; and on his
appearing in f r o ~ ~ t of the troops, he nvill be received with a Gene?.al
Salute from the whole line,-the colors being lowered in tlle rnanncr
that is llsual to crowned heads; and as soon us t he infantry have
shouldered, 101 guns are to be fired from the batteries in line,
under directions from Brigr. Stevenson.
9. The Envoy and Minister, and officers attacl~ed t o t he
mission, the Conir.-in-Chief nnd his personal 3taK, and the officers
at the heads of departments, and Af f b . 1 ~ ~ Sirdars, arc to bc station-
ed om t he right of the throne; and Syutls and Moollal~s on the
left-the populace on bot l ~ sides and in rear of the Shah, restrninetl
by 11. M.'s Cavalry, 4th Local I-Iorse, and Poona Auxiliary I-lorse.
10. Tlie Envoy, and tlie Comr.-in-Chief will present Nazzurs,--
as representatives of Covt.
11. Tllc officers of t l ~ c Shall's forcc will also present Nuzzurs,
leaving their troops for that purpose, after t he Shall hns passcd,
and returning to receive I-Iis Majesty.
1'2. Tile Sl ~nl ~' s subjects will thcn present Nuzzurs. At the
close of t bc ceremony, the troops will march past, the c:~valry in
columns of stluadrons,--the i nhnt ry in eolurnns of companies, in
do\\, time ; the coluri~ns will move up to the wheeliug l )oi n~ in
quick time. The col~lrnns having passed, will continue their route
towards t he encampment, the 4th Brigatle of Bengal Infantry moving
on to the Cabool gateway, at which l l i s 3hj est y will enter the city,
where it will form a street, and salute I-lis Majesty as he passes.
13. The troops are to appear in white trousers, the officers of
the general st af in bluc trousers and gold lace.
14. Corps will parade on tlie occasion as strong ns possible, and
tlic cncamp~nents \ \ r i l l be protected by tllc con\.alesce~its, and by
Quarter and Rear guards ; sucll e ~t r a - ~u n r d s as mily IIC colisidercd
essentially necessary, to be over treasure, at tllc discretion
of Brigadiers Comg. Brigades.
1.5. Oficers Corng. divisions are to be supplied wit11 field
statcs, showing the aetual rlu~nber of troops there are under arms
in their respective commands, to be delivered when cnlled for.
16. I-lis Majesty having expressed a wish that 13. E. the
Cornr.-in-Chief should bc near liis person during t he ceremony,
h1aj.-Genl. Sir W. Cotton will commantl tlic troops in line.
G. 0. 8th ililay, 1539.
Licut.-Geiil. Si r J. lieane Iias 1.eceived tlie gracious colnmands
of H. &I. Shah Shoojah-ool-bloolk, to conrcy to Major-Genl. Will-
shire, Comg, in t he field, (3) to the Generuls and other officers,
and the N. C. 0. and soldiers wllo were present and t~ssisted at
the splendid spectacle of the ki ng taking possession of his throne
this day, the deep sense Ilis Majesty entertuins of the obligations
lie owes t o them, and to the British nation. The king added, that
he would request W. H. %I:lhcnaghten, Esq., Envoy and Minister at
(3)
Sir \V, Cotton was siob.
H, i\'l.'s Coii~.t, to convey tl~cse liis sentiments, t o the Itt. Hon.
Lord Aucklantl, Govr. Gcnl. of India.
No. IV.
Fort ~Villi(lm, GIh Scpl. 1639.
Po/ili~ct/ Dcpl.-Tl~~ Hon'ble
the President in Council 11as mr ~ c l ~ sntisfactio~i in publishing, for
general information, the following officinl papers rcceiscrl, l ~ y PX-
press, fron-r the I-lead Qw. of tlic Rt. I-Ion. tlie Covr. Gcnl., nnnoilllc-
ing tlie desertion of Dost fi~lahornctl IChnn by liis Ar l y on ttie
3rd August, and t l ~ e possession obtained, i n conscqucnce, of ill1 l ~i v
guns ; uleo the subsequent advnnce of t he Army under 11. E. Sir J.
ICeane to Cnbool, which city was entered in Lriunlpl~ by I-I. $1.
Shah Shooj;i11-001-AIooll< on thc 7th ultimo. (4)
A Royal salute will bc fired from tlie Ramparts of Fort \iriliinm
in honor of t l ~i s irnportant e ~ e n t ; and a feu dc joic nlill bc fired ~ I L
the afternoon, upon the occasio~l of t l ~ e intelligence being com-
lnunicatcd to tire troops in garrison.
I3y order of tlie I-Ion'ble the President in Co~~nci l ,
(Signed) H. T. P~I NSEP,
Sccy. to tlre Go~l . of11~iIit1.
NOTIFICllTION.
Secret n~pl. Simln, 26th August, 1839.-l'he Govr. Genl. of
India publishes for general information, tlie su1)joined copy ant1
extracts of despatches from H. E. t he Comr.-in-Cl~ief of t i ~ c
Army of the Indus, and from the Envoy ruld 3Ii1iistcr at the Court:
of R. M. Shah Shoojali-001-Moolk, nnnoi~ncing t he triun~pl~ilnt entry
of the Shall into Cubool OII tlie 'it11 instnrit.
I n i s s u i ~ ~ ~ this notificatio~i, the Govr. Geul. cannot onlit thc
opportunity of otiering to the ol5cel.s and mcn conil~osi~ig t l ~ c
Army of the Indus, ant1 to the distinguished lcnder by \vliom they
have been commnnded, the cordial congrntulations of the Covt.
u11on the iiappy result of n campaign, wllich, on the sole occirsio~l
(.I.)
l'he Inst tinic I I C entered in triuml)ll w:is on the 13tli July,
1803.
\\,lien resisli~nce \\,as opposctl to Ihcm, has been gloriously marked
by victory, and in all the many difficulties of which, the cllaracter
01' a British Army for gallantry, good conduct imd discipline lias
11ee11 nobly n~nintained.
A salute of 21 p u s will be fired on the receipt of t l ~i s intelligence
at all the principal stations of the Army in the 3 Presidencies.
7
By older of t he Rt. Hon'ble the Govr. Genl. of India,
(Signed) T. 13. R~ ADDOCI ~ ,
Of j , Secy. t o the Gout. of Tndia,
with tlic Govr. Getzl.
(True copy,)
(Signed) H. T. PRINSEP, Sccy. t o Gout.
( Co I J y . ~
To the Rt . Hon'ble Lord ducklnnd, G. C. B.
MY LORD,
We have the honor t o acquaint your Lordship, that t he Army
mnrched from Clruzncc OII route to Cabool, in two columns, on t he
30th and 31st ultimo, 13. hI. Shah Sl~oojall-001-Moollc, wit11 his own
troops, fornli~lg part of the second column.
2. On tlre ariivnl of the Comr.-in-Chicf with t he 1st column
at Ryder IClinil, (5) on the 1st instant, informiltion reached him.
and the same reached the Envoy aird hlinister at I-Iaftasaya, (6) t hat
Dost Mahomed with his Army and Artillery were ad\rancing from
Cabool, and woold probably tt~lce up a position at Uryhu~rd~c or
Midan (the former 24, the latter 36 miles from Cabool). Upon this.
it n7as arranged tliat His Majesty, with the second colomn, under
R1aj.-Genl. JVillsl~irc, should join the 1st coluinn here und advance
together, to attack Dost Mahorned, whose son, Afahonled, Alcbar had
becn recalled from Jellolubad, with the troops guarding the Ichyber
Pass, and had formed a junction with his father; their joint forces,
7
according to our information, amounting to about 13,000 men.
3.
Every arrangeitrent was made for tlie king and t he urlmy
marching in a body from hence to-morrow, but in t he course of t he
niglit messenger3 arrived, and since (this nlorning) a great many
chiefs, und their followers, annonncing the dissolution of Dost
(8) Four marches from Cnbool.
(6) Five marches from Cabool.
blal~o~ned' s army by IIIC 1.ef11sal of t11c greater part t o advaiice
apiinst us with lii~n, and that he had, in conscqucacc, fled with a
1)ai-L~ of 300 horsemen, (7) in tllc ciircction of 13n?1sccntt ; leaving
his guns beliind him ; in position as tlicy were placed a t U~yAulsdee.
4. H. M. Shall Slioojul~ 11av scnt forward a conliduntial officer,
with whom has bee11 ussociatcd Major Cu?.clon, of I f . M.'s 16t h
Lancers, taking wit11 him a party of 200 incn anel an officer of
Artillery, to proceed direct to tiike possession of those guns, and
afterwxrds such otller guns, anel public stores, as muy be found in
Cabool and the Bala Nissxr, in tlle narnc of, and for I-I. M. Shal l
Slloojall-ool-Moolk; and the king's ordcrs will be carried by his
own oficer wit11 this party, for preserving t hc tranquillity of t he
city of Ctibool.
5. A strong party has been detached in pursuit of Dost
Mallomed under some of our most active oficcrs. We continue our
mnrcli 11po11 Cabool, to-lnorrow, arid will rcucll it on the 3rd day.
We have, &c.
(Signed) JOHN ICEANB,
Lt . - GcnZ. Cornr.-b- Chief.
W. H. MAOHAGHTEN,
Envoy ~ n d Mi~lister.
Rxlrncl fvotn cc Leller from If. B. L1.-Genl. Sir J. Kcnnc, K. C. B.
oltd G. C. fI. ilnlccl JId. Qla., C ~ P I L ~ Cubool, 81h At gust , 1839.
I t gives mc inlinitc plcasurc to be able to address lny clespatcl~
t o your Lordsl~ip from this capital, t hc vicinity of wl~icli, 8. M.
Shah Slloojall-ool-Moolk, and the Army undcr my commancl, reucllcd
thc dny before yesterday. Tl ~e king entered his capital yesterday
afternoon, accompa~iied by the British Envoy and Minister, and t he
gentle~nen of thc mission, and by ~nysclf, the generals and staK
officcrs of this army, and escorted by a squadron of H. M.'s 4th L. D.
and oneof 8. M.'s 1GtIi Lancers, with Capt. Martin's troop of
I-lorse Artillery. H. M, had expressed a wish that 13ritisl1 troops
should be present on the occasion, and n very small pnrty only of
his own Ilindoostanee and Afghan troops. After the ni~irnatir~g
scene of traversing the streets, and reaching tlie Palace in the Bala
Hissar, a Royal salute was fired, and an additional Salvo, in tlic Af.
ghan style, from small guns resembling wall-pieces, named Jilljals,
(7) nfnjor Outra~n nli~kes them mucli mora.
C
and carried on camcls.
We liemtily congrtitulatctl His Mt ~j cst y 011
llcing ill possession of the tliror~e and kingdom of liis ancestors;
and aftcr talring leave of His Majesty, wc 1-etnrnecl t o our camp.
I trust we havc tlius accomplished all tlic objects which your
Lordsl~ip liad in conten~plation, when you planned a i d formed tlie
Arrny of tlic Intlus, niid tlie cspetlition into ~f ghani st an.
4
Tlie conduct of tlie army, both European and Native, which
your L ~ r d ~ l l i [ ~ did me the honor to place u ~ ~ d c r my orders, has been
admirable throughout, and, notwitl~staridii~g the severe mnrching
and privations they have gone througli, tlieir appearance tmd dis-
cipline have suffered not l ~i ng ; and the opportuility oflered thcm
nt Ghuznec of meeting and c o ~l ~u e r i ~i g their enemy, had added grcat-
ly to their good spirits.
The joint despatch addressed by Mr. Macnaghten and myself to
your Lordship on thc 3rd instant, from Shakkabad, (8) will have
informed you, that at the moment we had made every preparation to
attack (on t he following day) Dost Mahomed in his position at
Urghundee, where, after his son Mahomcd Alcbnr had joined him from
Jellalnbad, lie had an army amounting to 13,000 men, wcll nrmecl
I
and appointed, and 30 pieces of Artillery, (9) wc suddenly learnt
that he abandoned them all, and fled with a pnrty of horsemen on
thc road to Bllnmccajz ; leaving liis guns in position ns hc had placed
them t o reccive our attack.
I t appenrs that a great part of his army, which was IiourIy
becoming disorganized, refused to stand by him in the position, t o
receive our attaclr, and that it soon became in a state of dissolution.
The great bulk immediately came over t o Shah Shoojnh, tendering
their allegiance, and I believe I-I. M. will tnlre most of tlienl into
his pay.
i
I t secms, that tlic news of the quick and determilied manner in
~vliich we took their stronghold, Ghuznec, had such an cBect upon tlic
population of Cabool, and perhaps J s o upon t he enemy's army,
that Dost Mahomed, from that inoniont, began t o lose hope of
w
retaining his rule for cven a short time longer, and sent off his family
and valuable property towards Bnmoecin, but mnrched out of Cabool
with his army and artillery, kceping a bold front townrds us, uiitiI
the eve$ng of the secoiid, when all his hopes were nt an end, by a
division in liis own camp, and one part of liis nrtny abandoning him.
(8) Thrcc ~ ~ I ~ c I I c S from Cirbool.
(9) Oply 28 wcrc fo~intl.
So llreci~~ilatc was his fright, thnt 11c Icft in position his guns
"it11 their ammunition and wagons, and the greater part of t he
ckrttle by ~l 1i cI1 they were drawn. Major Cureton, of I-I. M.'s 16th
Lancers, wit11 his party of 200 men, puslled forward on the third, and
tool{ possessiorl of tllese guns, kc. Thcre werc 23 brass guns in posi-
tion and lonrled, t \ " ~ more ~t a littlc distarrce, wlricl~ they attempted
t o take away, nnd since then, three more abandoned still furtller off
on tile Balneca~l road. Thus leaving i n our possession 28 pieces of
cannon, with nll t l ~ c material belonging to tl~enl, which are now
handed ovcr to SllaI~ Sllooj, ,I 1 I-001-Moollc.
(Truc Estract)
(Signed) T. 1-1. Mnouoca,
Qf i . Secy. to Govl. of I~zdin,
wilh the Govr. Gcnl.
(Truc Copy)
(Signed) 1-1. T. PRINSRI*,
Secy. to lha Govl.
(COPY J
Rxtrrtct fi.on~ a L d ~ m frotn W. H. ~llncmiagllen, Zsq. Ettvoy rrncl Mitiis-
lei. to 2hs Court of Slmlr Sl~oojoh-ool-Moolk, h l c d Cnbool, 9th
Azrg-?[st, 1539.
By a letter signed jointly by 11. E. Licut.-Gcnl. Sir J. Kenne
and myself, dnted thc 3rd instant, thc Right Hon'blc thc Govr.
Genl, was apprized of the flight of Dost Mnhomed Khan.
Tl ~e ex-chief was not accompanied by any pcrson of conse-
qnellce, and his followers arc suid to have bcen rcducerl to bclow
t he rlumbcr of 100 on thc day of his departarc. In tllc progrcss of
Shah Slloojali-001-1LIoolIcoo townrcls Cabool, H. 31, nrau joincd by every
person of mnlc xnd i~~fluence in the cou~~t r y ; and hc ~nadc his
triumpllallt entry illto the city on the cvening of the 7th instant.
I-1. NI. llns talcen up I~is residence ill thc Bflh flissn~, ~ l l c r e IIC 11x3
rewired the British Mission to rernnin for the prescnt.
(Truc Extract)
(Signcd) T. 11. MADDOCK,
Ofg. Secy. lo Covt. of I I L ~ C L ,
7G6h !Ire Govr. Gcrl.
(l'r~rc Extract)
(Sigued) 11, T. PRINSEI*,
Secy. lo Gout, of l i l d i i c .
c rL
By or dw Oj' &he Cotnr. of lhe Forces.
In obedience to the abovc notification, a salute of 21 guns, t o be
fired at all tlie principal stations of tllis Presidency, on receipt of
this order.
(Signed) J. R. LUMLEY, IM~.+-GcII.
Ad$.-Geld. of the Amy.
No. V.
General Orders Iry the Co~nozclncler of t he Forces : ll-lead
Quari ws, Meet.ut, a n d Nov. 1839.
By llic Righl I$o?~'ble
t 7~c Governor Ges~mul , Camp Son&ciiX.a, 19th Nov. 1839.
The following General Orders, issuetl by tlie Right Hon' ble t he
Govr. Genl. in t hc Secret Dcl)nrtment, under date the 18th instant,
are put)lislietl for gerier~ll information t o tlie nrmy :
Gmle7.rrl Oy&t *s by thc night $Ioa'Ble thc Governor Ccnerul of T n ~ ~ ~ ~ z .
S e r ~c t 11epnl.lms11t ; Cony> P(tsQ>vt, the 18th Novenzl~o., 1539.
1.
Iritelligencc was this day reccived of tlic n~*rival, within tile
~esl l i r wer tcrritory, of l l i s Excellericy Lt.-Genl. Sir John Kenne,
li. C. B. and G. C. 13. Comn~a~lder-in-Cliief of the Army of t he
Indus, with a portion of that force on its return to the British pro-
vinces. The military operntions under the direction of Hi s Excel-
lency having now been brought to a close, tlie Right Honorabl e
the Governor General has, on tlie port of the Government of India,
t o acquit himself of t he gratifying clnty of offering publicly hi s
wnrmest thanlcs t o His Excellency, and to the officers nnd men who
have served under his commnnd, for the soldier-like spirit and con-
tluct of all ranks tlirougliout the late campaign, and he again cordi-
ally congratulates tllenl on t he ~ttnininent of tlie great objects of
national security and honor, for which the expedition was under-
fl
taken.
2. Tlie plana of aggression, by which tlie British empire in
India was dangerously threatened, have, undcr Providence, 11een
arrested. Tlie Chiefs of Cabool and Cnndnhrrr, wlio liad joined i n
hostilc designs against us, have been deprived of power, and tlie
territories which they ruled have been restored to the govcrn~ncrit
of a frieildly monarch. Tile Ameers of Scinde linvc acknowledged
ih supremacy of the British Gwernmcnt, and rnnged tliemselves
1
1
ulltler its protection ; their coentry will IIO\V be an outwork of dc-
relice, and tlie nnvigntion of tlie Tndus witlii~l t hci r dominions,
esernpt from all duties, has been opened to con~merci ul enterprise.
With the allied govcrnmcnt of the Seiklu, the closest har~nony has
been mnintainetl ; and on tlic sidc of Iferat, tile British nlliance line
been courted, antl :i good i ~~l der s t a~~t l i n~, wit11 a view to common
safety, has bccn cstahlishcd wit11 t l ~at power.
3.
For thcse in~portnut results, t l ~c Govcrnor Gencrol is proud
to express tllc acknowledgments of t l ~c Govcl.nmenl; t o the Army
of the Indus, wliicl~ alike by its vnlor, its di sci pl i ~~e, and cheerfi~l-
rress undcr l~ardsl~ips and privations, ant1 its conciliatory contluct to
t he inl~abitants of the countries tllrough \vhicll i t passed, has cnrned
respect for t l ~c British namc, antl has confirmed in c c ~~t r nl Asia n
just impression of British energy and resources.
4.
The Native nnd European soltlier hnvc vied with cach other
in effort and endurance. A march of cxtraortiinary length, (10)
tllrough difficult and untried countries, has bcen within a few montl~s
successfully accomplished ; and in the capturc of t l ~ c one strong-
l ~ol d where resistance was attempted, n troplly of victory has bcen
won, which will add a fresh lustre to the reputation of the armies
of India.
5. To Lieut.-Gcnl. Si r John Keene, the Comr.-in-Chicf of the
army, the Govr. Gelrl. would particularly declare hi s thanks for his
direction of these honornble nchievements. He would especially ac-
knowledge the marked forbearance, and just appreciation of the vicws
of the Govt., which guided his Excellency in his intcrcouree with
the Ameers of Scindc. He fcels the Go\% to be under the deepest
obligations to I-Iis Excellency, for the unsl~akcn firmness of purpose
with which throughout the whole course of the operntions, obstacles
and discouragements were disregnrded, rind the prescribed objects of
policy were pursued; nnd above all, he would warmly applaud the
decisive j ~~dgment with which tlie attack upon the Fort ress of Gllt~zncr
\\,as planned, nnd its cnpture effected ; nor would he omi t to renlnrk
upon tllat spirit of perfect co-operation with which Hi s Escellcncy
gave all support to the political nutliorities with w l ~ o n ~ hc was nsso-
&ted. Mr. Mncnaghtcn, the Envoy and Minister at t he Court of
Shall Shoojah-001-Moolk, nnd Col. Pottingcr, the licsident in Scinde,
Ilnve been clliefly enabled by t l ~c cordial goocl understanding which
llas tlirougl~out subsisted bctwcen tl~cm ontl IIi s Escellcncy, to
(10)
Rlorc LLnn 1,700 ~nilcs ; ou arriving nt Fcrozl)oor 2 , O i U ~niles.
2 2 lfI/]~l?>l l l i , ~ ~ .
rclltlcr ti l c ilnllr,rt;l~~t scr\~iccs by whicl~ they linve entitled then]-
rrlvcs to illc IligI1 al)lwobation of t he Government : and his Lord-
+hil'
Inllcll lllcnsure in rloticir~g t l ~ c feelings of sntisfnction with
l\.llicll Iris Escelfency regarded t hc valuable services of Lieut.-Col.
sir A. I3urlrcs, 11111owas politicully attached to hi m in t he advance
u110n Ghuzncr.
I
6.
~l~~ Gorr. Genl. would follow I-Iis Excellency the Conlmander-
ill-C]licf, ill ac~nowl cdgi ng the niallner iu wl ~i c l ~ i\fnj.-Genl. Si r
j ~i l l ougl l bY Cotton, I<. C. 13. nncl I(. C. I-I., excrcised his commnnd
"ftllc Bcngal divisio~l t l ~r o~~gl i oul t he campaign, and supported tllc
jIonol. of llis country on the 231~1 Jul y; and Il i s Lol.ds11ip would
also oKcr the thnnks of the Government to Maj.-Genl. Wi l l sl ~i re,
C. n., commanding tlie 2nd Infantry division ; to i\faj.-Genl. Thaclc-
n,cll, C. B. and I(. H., commmnding t he Cavalry division; t o Brigr.
Roberts, coninianding the 4th Illfantry brigade ; to Brigr. Stevenson,
com~nnnding tlie artillery of the army ; to Brigr. Scott, command-
i ng t he Bombay Cavalry brigade ; ancl to Brigr. Persse, upon whom,
on t hc In~ncnted death of tlic late Urigr. Arnold, devolved t he com-
mand of the I3cngnl Cavalry brigade ; a s well as to t he Commilndants
of corps :~ntl det acl ~ni e~~t s, with thc ollicers ancl men under tlleir
7
rcspcctivc cornmnnds ; nnd to t l ~ c officers at t he head of t he several
dcpsrtments \\lit11 all of wl~onl I-lis Esccllency t he Commander-in-
Chief has espreseed his I1ig11 satisfaction.
7.
To I3rigr. Sale, C. U. already houorably distingoisl~ctl in t hc
annals of Indian ivarfnre, who commnndcd t he storming party a t
Chuznce; t o Lie11t.-Col. Dennie, C. D. who lccl t he aclvance on t l ~ e
same occtlsion ; and to Capt. Georgc Tliomson, of the Rengal Engi -
nccrs, whose services in the capture of that fortress have beell noti-
ced in marked terms of con~n~endat i on by llis Exccllency t l ~ e Corn-
mai~cler-in-Cl~ief ; and to Cal ~t . Peat, of the I3ombay E~l ~i n e e r s , and
Licnts. Durand and h4aclcocl, of t hc Bcngnl Engineers, and t he
other officers ancl men of tllc Bengal and Bombay Er~gi neers under
thcir command, the Governor General would especially tender t he
1
cxpreesion of his admiration of t he gallantry and science wliicll they
rcspcctively tliaplnycct, in the execution of the important duties con-
fided t o them in that memorable opcrcltion.
S.
In testimolly of the services of the nrnly of the Indos, tile
GOrcrnOr Gelleral is pleased to rcsolvc, that all t he corps, Earopeall
and Native, in tile service of t he East India Colnllnny, pro-
ccedcd beyond the " Bdan L'RSS," shall have 011 their regimental
the word I' Afghanistan," and such of thclll as were employ-
c(1 in tllc reduction of the fortress of that nnmc, 111c wort1 a L'liu=~~se"
i n addition.
I n behalf of the Queen's regiments, thc Governor Gcrlcrnl will
recomlnend to Majesty, through t l ~c propcr channel, that tllc
same distinction may bc grantetl to tllcIn,
9.-'I'lle G0n.m Gcnl. woultl here notice wit11 approbntio~i, the
1)raisewortIl~ conduct, during this crpctlition, of thc ofiticcrs ant1
men attached to tlie disciplined force of His hl;~jesty Sllnl~ Slioojn1,-
001-Moollr. This force was ncwly raiscd, nrrd ol)portuniticsl~ad l ~ot
bcen a.fforded for its pcrfcct orgnnizatioa ant1 instruction ; br~t it
shared honorably in the labors and dilliclrltics of tlre ci~n~l~ai&r~, nntl
.
i t liad thc good fortunc, in repelling art altack made by the cncmy
i n force, on the day prior to tlic stormirlg of Ghu:iree, to be cnablctl
t o give promise of thc cscellent service !vl~icl~ ruay l~creaftcr bc
expected frorn it.
10.-His Lordsl ~i ~, has also ~iincl~ satisfixtion in adding, that tllc
best acltnowledgments of the Govt. are due to Licut.-Col. Watlc
who was employed upon the IJ~shrtrucr fronlicr, and who, gallantly
supported by the oficers and men of ull rnnks undcr him, and
secondcd by the cordial aid of the Seikh Govt., an aid thc nlorc
]ionoral,le because rendered at n painful crisis of its aKlin, opcnctl
the " ICliyber Pnss," ant1 overtllrccv the autl~ority of the crlemy in
t hat quarter, at the moment wl l e~~ the ad\.uncc of tllc forces of tlie
Sllall Zadall Tymoor could rnost conduce to the success of the gcnc-
ral operations.
By commnnd, Stc.
(Sd.) T. 1%. MADDOCK,
(Sd.) J . STEIVART, LI's1r1.- GO!.
Ofg. sccY, lo ~ ~ ~ 6 . of I)ldin, Sccy. t o tllc Gout of Indicl hlily. D q ~ l .
with tlrc COW. G~l t l .
rui~lr tlrc 81. Iiotr. tlre Cow. Gel d.
B~ order of t.lie Comr. of the Forces,
(Sigucd) J. R. LUXILICY, ililnjur- GCI I ~.
Adjt.- Ge d . of Ihe ,.l?.my.
No. VI.
G, 0. by the Right Hon'blc the Govr. Genl. of Inditr.
Secret De~~arlment ; Cantp Deothanee, the 4th Deccntber, 1839.
Tllc many outrages and murders committed, i n attacks on the
followers of t hc army of tlie Iudus, by tlie pluntlcring tribcs in the
neigl~bourliood of the " Bolan Pass," at the instigatiou of their
chiefs, Jfcer Mcl~vab I{licm, of Ifilat, at a time when he wus profess-
ing friendship for the British Government, and negoci at i ~~g a treaty
with its rcpresentativcs, liaving compelled the Govt. to direct a
detnclinient of the army to procced to Icelat, for tlie exaction of
retribution from tliat chieftain, and for the execution of such
arrangemellts as would establish future security i n that quarter, a
force under t he orders of Maj.-Gcnl. FVillshire, C. 13. was employed
on t hi s service ; and thc Rt. Hon'ble tlie Govr. Genl. of India hav-
i ng t hi s day received tliat Oficcr's report of the successful uccom-
plivlllneiit of tlie objects cntl-usted t o him, has been pleasctl to direct
thnt t he following copy of his dispatch, dated 14th ultimo, be pob-
lishcd for general information.
The 11L. Hon'blc the Govr. Genl. is happy to avail himself of this
opporturiity t o record his high atlmiration of t he signal g~~l l ant r y
nntl spirit of the troops cngdged on this occasion, ant1 oa'ers on t he
part: of tlie Govt. liis best thanks t o Maj.-Genl. Willshire, arid to
tlie officers and men who served under him.
By command, &c.
(Signed) T. 14. MADDOCK,
OJg. Sccy. to Govt. of Inrlia,
~uith the GOUP. GcrtE.
Despatch.
Ca~nll 11ear I(elat, 14th Nov. 1839.
To the Rl . Ilon'ble Lord Auclcl~rr~7, G. C. B. GOUP. Genl. of Indiu, &c.
MY LORD,
1.
I11 obedience to the joint instructions furnished me by I-I. E.
the Comr.-in-Chief of the Army of tlic Indus, and Envoy and Minis-
ter t o EI. M. Shah Shoojah, under date Cabool, t he 17th Scpt. 1839,
deputing to me tllc duty of deposing Melirab Khan of Kelat, in con-
sequence of the avowed hostility of that chief to t he British nation
during the present campaign, I have the honor to report, t hat on
my arrival at Quetta, 011 tlie 31st ultimo, I comn~unicuted wit11
Captain Bean, the Yolitical Agent in Shawl, and arranged wit11 ]lim
thc beet
giving effect to t he orders 1 had received.
2 Gulls Bonlbay Horsc iirLillery. 3. In collscrlence tile
4 ditto Shall's (litlo. willit of public carriage atid the
2 Ressnllalis 4th 13cn.local horsc. limited quantity of Commisst.
2nd Qucen's Royal supplies at Quctta, as ~vcll as
1-1. &I. 17th Regt. the reported want of forage on
34st Dengal Nutivc Infantry. tlicroutc to Relut, I was obligerl
13oinbny Engineers. to dispatch to Gulch G~rncIaull,
whole of the cavalry and the greater portio~i of t l ~e i\rtillery,
taking with me only thc troops noted in thc margi~i, leaving QurttrL
on the 3rd instalit.
3.
Daring the march the comnliinications reccivetl from i!ichrab
Khan wcre so f~i r from nccctling to the terms offered, that 11e
tl~reatened resistance i f tlic troops al)proaclietl his capitnl. I tlicre-
fore proceeded, nnd arrived at the village of Girnnce witliin tight
niiles of Kelat, 011 the 13th instant..
4. lV1arclii11g from hence the following ~nor ni ~i g a body of Ilorse
I
werc perceived on the right of the road, wliicli co~nincnccd firing
on the advanced guard commanded by Mnj. Pcnnycuick. H. M. 17th
'1 Regt. as the column advanced; and skirmisl~irig between them con-
tinued until we came ill sight of Kelrrt, rather lcss than a mile dis-
tant.
I now discovered that three heights on tlic N. W, face of the
fort, and parallel to the north, were covered with infantry, with five
.guns in position, protected hy small parapet walls. Capt. Pent.
I
Cl~icf Engineer, immediately reconnoitred, and having reported
I
that ~iotliing could be done until those heights were in our posses-
sion, I decided upon at once storming thern simulta~ieously, and if
I
I)racticablc, entering the rort with the fugitives, as the gate in the
1
northern face was occasionally opelied to keep up the cornnlunica-
tion between the fort and the heights.
6. To effeet this object. I detached a company from cach of the
'I
European regiments, frorn the advanced guard with Maj. Penny-
. cuick 13. nI.'s 17th Regt., for the purpose of occupying the gartlens
-rmd enclosures to tile N. E. of the town, and tx70 more companies
in the plnill midway between them and the coiomn ; at the same
time I ordered three columns of attack to be formed, composed of
four cos. froln each corps under their respective commanding 0s-
cers, Maj. Carruthers, of the Queen's ; Lt.-Col. Croker. H. Me's
17th Ilegt., and Major Weston, 31st Dengal N. I., the whole u l l h
the commalld of Drigr. Baurngnrdt, the rernaiiider of tllc rcgimcnts
I d
forming tlircr colun~rls of reservc undcr my own dircction, to 111ovc
i l l supporl.
6. A llill bcing nllotted t o cncll column, I3rigr. Stcvcnson, com-
mandirig tlie artillery, ~liovetl quicltly forivard in front towards t he
base of tllc Ilcights, nild when within thc required range openetl
fire up011 t l ~c infantry ant1 guns, under cover of wllicli ttic columns
nlovcd stendily on aucl con~menced tlie ascent, for tlic purpose of
carryiiig tlie l ~ei gl ~t s, exposed to the fire of tlic cnemy's guns, which
had cornrncnced whilc tlic columns of attack were forming.
7. Bcfore the columns leached their respective summits of t he
Iiills, t he eneniy, ovcrpowered by t he superior and well dirccted
fire of our nrtillery, had itbar~doned tliem, attempting to carry OR'
their guns, but whicl~ tliey werc unable to do ; at this moment i t
aplicaring to me the oppor~unity offered for the trool~s t o get in
wit11 t he fngitives, and if possible gain posseseiol~ of the gale of t he
fortress, I dispatclicd orders to the Queen's Royal, aud I3. M.'s
17t h Regt . to make a rue11 from t he heights for that purpose, fol-
lo\ving nlgself to the summit OE t he nearest to observc llle result ;
a t this ino~nent the four coinpni~ies on ~ n y lcft, ml~icli had bcerl
7
cletacticd to t he gardell and plain, seeing the chilnce that oft'ercd of
entering tlie fort, moved rupidljr for\vard from thcir respective points
towards the gatc-may, under a 1le:lvy and \\'ell-directed fire from
tlic walls of t hc fort and citadel, \\,hich werc tlirongetl I>y the enemy.
8.
The gat e llaving been closed. before the troops moving to-
mnrds i t coultl effect Llie desircd object, nnd tile garrison st rengt h-
ened by tl;e enemy driven from t he lieiglits, tllcy were compelled
t o cover tl~emselves, as far as praclicable, bel~iild some walls and
ruined buildings, to the right and left of it, while Brigr. Stevenson
llaving ascended the heights with t he artillcry, opened 2 guns under
thc comn~tlnd of Lt. Forsler, 13ombay H. A. upon the defences
above thc gat e ant1 its vicinity, \vhilc t he fire of two othcrs com-
rna~lded by Lt. Cowper, Shall's artillery, was directed against t he
I
gate itself, tllc remaining 2, with Lt . Creed, being sent round t o t he
road on the left leading direct up to the gate, and when within
200 yards commcnccd fire for the pnrpose of completing the blowing
it open, and after a few rounds they succeedcd i n ltnocking in one
half of it; 011 observing this, I rode down tlic hill tourards tlie gat e
pointing to it, thereby anilpu~lcing to the troops it was opon, tliey
instantly rose rrorn tllcir cover and rushed ill, t l ~ose under the corn-
maild of Maj. Pennycuick, bcing tlic nearest, wcre tlie lirst t o gai n
tllc
llcn~lctl I)y tlliit otticcr, thc ~-vholc of Ihe st-ormi~lg colunnns
from the tllrcc llcgts, rapidly fijllowing ;ind grlinirlg s n cntnuncc
as quickly as it was ~os s i bl c to do so, ulitlcr a Ilca\.y firc fro111 Cl~c
\\'arks ant1 from tlnc iutcriol-, tile cncrny makill? n nnost gallant and
(letcrnninerl resistnncc, disputing cvcry inch of ground u p to the walls
of the inner cita(lcl.
9.
At this tintc I dircctcd the rcserve columns to I)c brouglit near
the gate, and detaclied onc company of tllc 17111 Rcgt. untlcr Cal)t.
Darhy, to t he wcstcrn sidc of thc fort, follo\vcd by a portion of t hc
31st Dengal N. I. comnlanded by h4;tj. ~\ ' c s t o~~, conductetl by Capt.
Outram, acting as my cstrn Aitlc-tlc-cnrnp, for tllc ~)urposc of
securing thc heights, undcr mllich tlte sout,hcni angle is sitnntcd, and
intercepting ctny of t he garrison csc~lping front that sidc ; Ilnving
tlriven OR the enemy from tllc hciglits abovc, tllc unitetl dctacli~nents
then clescendcd to tlie gate of tlie fort bclov, ant1 forcctl it operl I~efore
t he garrison (who closed it as tlicy saw thc trool~s nppronch) had
time to securc it.
10. When the party was detaclictl by the western facc, 1 also
3' sent 2 cornpanics from the reserve of the l' itll under AsInj. Dcshorl,
ant1 2 guns of tlie Slia11's ;vtillcrp, untler thc conlmantl of Lt. Creed,
Bombay artillcr)~, by tllc enstcr'n to tllc soutlicrn fnce, for tlle pur-
pose of blowirrg open tlie gat c nbove nlludctl to, had it becn rlcccs-
sar),, as \vcll as tllc gate of t l ~ c iriiner citndcl ; tllc iufllntry joining
t he otlier tlctaclln~cnts, niaking tlicir ivily t11r011gl1 tllc ~ O WI I i l l tllc
(lirection of tlie citadcl.
11.
Aftcr sornc dcl;iy, 1l1c troops tllnt Ilcld possession of tllc
I
town a t IcllgtIn succccdotl in fol.ciug :in cntlnncc into thc cit:ltlcl,
wllcrc a deqlcr:lte rcsistit~lcc mne ninde by l?IChrnb IGrtn at the llcatl
I
of llis people, Ile Ililn.scIf \\'it11 many ot' llis ~)rincipal cllicfs bcing
sl~rorc~ in Il;lnd ; several otliers Itowever kept np a lire ul)o~i
our troops from (icbcllcd I)uildii~gs clificult of accws, ant1 it \rris
3
nst until late i n itle i l ft eraoo~~, t l ~ose tlint survived wcrc intlucctl to
give tllemselvcs nl) on a
uf tllcir lirca being s~)arcad.
12,
liyoIn every account I linyc crc~.y reasoil to boliccc t l ~c gar-
i
risen coneistcd of lll)\vards of 2,000 tigliting I I ~ C~ I , : I I I I ~ t hi t 111~ bull
of ~ ~ l ~ ~ ~ b I(llnn llad I)cc~l cspcctcc! to join him fronl 1\'0ttl~k~~ \\'it11
l
furtller reinforcenle~lt. Tliecnclosctl return mill sho! ~ tllc strcfl$l
l
of tllc forcc under nly coinmund prosent uC tho c:tptllrC.
13.
l'lle tlcfeuccs of tllc Port, as ill ~l l c cit.;c ui' Chrr.:rrec, fill. es-
cecclcd ill strcllgtll ~\+llet 1 llitd I)ccli Ictl tu s1tlq)oec fro111 ~)rcviotls
I
reljort, nntl tlie lowcririg lreight of llie iriner citadcl was most formi-
(lul,lc boll1 ill iq,peilr;ince and reality.
14. I Inmen1 to say, tl111t the loss of killed nncl \vouncled on our
side lias been severe, as will be seen by t l ~c accompanying return ;
111at 011 the pnrt of thc eneiny niust hnvc bcc~i great, but t he exact
number I hnve not been able t o ascertain ; scvcr~ll liunrii-eds of pri-
soners were taken, from wl~orn thc Politici~l Agent has selected those
he considers i t necessary for the prcsei ~t to retain in cohf i neme~~t :
tlie remidiider have been liberated.
15. I t is quite impossible for me sufficiently to esprcss my admi-
ration of thc gallant and steady conduct of tllc officers and men
t~poil this occasion ; but the ftlct of less than all hour llaving elapsctl
from t he Formation of tlic col urn~~s for the nttacli, to t l ~ c period of
t he troops being within t he fort, aiitl this pcrformed i n tlie opcn
day, and in t he facc of an enemy so very superior in numbers, nncl
so pel-fcctly prcpnred for resistance will, I trust, convince your
Lordship how deserving thc oflicers and troops arc of my warmest
thanks, nnd of t l ~c l ~i gl ~est praisc that can bc bestowed.
1 6 .
To 13rig.r. Baumgardt, communding tlie storniilig colurnns,
nly best tl~;liiks are due, and Iic reports that C;~pt. Wyllie, act i ng A.
A. G. and Capt. Gilland, liis A. D. C.. ably assisted him and zealously
I
i
performed their duties ; also to 13rigr. Stevenson, commnnding t he
artillery, ant1 Lts. Forster and Cowper, respectively in charge of tlie
Bombay and Shah's artillery. I feel grcatly indebted for tlie steady
and scientific manncr in which the service of dislodging t he eneiny
from the heights, and nfterlvnrd effecting nn entrance i nt o t he for-t,
wns perforlncd ; tlie Brigr. has brought to my notice t he assistailcc
he received from Capt. Coghlan, his Brigade Major, Lt. Woosnam,
-
his A. D. C., and Lt. Creed, wl ~ c ~ i in battery yesterday.
17. To L1.-Col. Croker, conlmanding 13. M.'s 17th Regt., I ~l oj or
Canat l ~ers, commnnding Queen's Royal. Maj. Weston, command-
ing t he Uengal 3l st N. I., I feel highly indebted for tlle manner in
which they conducted their respective col um~~s to tlie at t ack of tlle
]]eights, and afterwards to t he assault of the town, as well as t o Maj .
Pennycuick, of the 17th, wlio led the atlvanced guard companies
to the same point.
18. To Capt. Peat, Chief Eiiginecr, and to the officclas and inen
of the enginecr corps, my ncknowledgments are duc ; to Maj.
Neil Campbell, acting Qr. Mr. Genl, of t l ~ c Bo~nbay army ; to Cap-
tain Hngart, acting D. A. G ; and to Lt. Rtimsny, acting A. Q.
311.. Gonl., my bcst thanks :Ire tluc, for t l ~e nlde itssistt~nce ;iH'ordcd
mc by t l ~ci r scrviccs.
19. I t is wit11 much plrnsurc I take this opportunity of acltnow-
ledging my ohligations to Maj. Conipbcll, for relieving mc from thc
necessity of returning by t l ~c ronte by wl~iel~ t l ~c army atlsnnced to
Cabool, which being cntircly rshn~~stetl, must llnse subjected the
troops t o grcnt privntions, nntl t l ~c horses to absolute starvntion.
The Q. 1\11. G. took upon hilnself thc responsibility of lcnding my
columrl t l ~rougl ~ thc heart of the Ghiljic nnd ICoroker countries,
nevcr l ~i t l ~ert o trnvcmed by Europcnr~s, by wl~icli our routc wi~s
consitlcrably shortcnetl, a sufficiency obtniried, and great additions
rnnde to our geogrnphical ltnowlcdgc of tile cou~~t ry, besides grcrrt
political odvanti~ges obtaincd in penceal)ly settling those districts.
20. To my Aicle-tle-camps, Cupt. Rohinson and Lt. I-lalket, ns
well as lo Copt. Outrnm, ~ 1 1 o volunteered his scrvices 011 my per-
sonal staff, I received the utmost ussistance, and to the lntter officcr
I feel greatly indebted for the zeal and nbility wit11 1v11ich hc has
performed various duties thnt I l~nve required of him upon other
occnsions ns well us the present.
21. I t is with much satisfaction 1 nrn nble tostate that t l ~c ut~nost
cortliolity has evistcd bctwcen the politicnl authorities and myself,
nnd thc great nssistunce I have derived from Capt. Bean in obtain-
ing supplies.
22.
After allowing timc to make thc necessary nrrangcments for
continuing m!- march, I shall descend into " C~l[ch Guiiclavn" by the
Moona Pass,'' having rcccived n favornble report of the practica-
bility of tnking guns t l ~nt wny.
23. I have deputed Capt. Outrnm to talte a dr~plicnte of the
despntch to thc Hon'ble tile Govr. of Bombay, by the direct route
from hence to Soomea7tcc Bander ;" the pructicability or otherwise
of whicll, for tlic passage of troope, I consider it nn object of impor-
tnnec to neccrtnin.
I have, kc.
(Signcd.) T. ~VTLLSH IIIE, ik1nj.-Gcsl.
Comg. Bomlrq colurla, Arnip ofDc I j t h s .
Reizcrn of CasuaEties in the army under the command of 1Maj.-Gent. mZZsliire, C. B., employe(2 at the
Storming of KeZat oa the 13th AToven~ber, 1839.
C
Killed. I Wounded.
--
- - _
0 0 0 o 0 0 0 0 ....
........
......
H. .\J.'s 2nd or QI I ~ ~ I I ' s Royal Reyt. ..
H. hI. 's17thReg-t. , ................
...,.... 0 1 2 3 1
1 0 0
-- --
* One Corporal since dead. &Ilssiog-none.
ATu?izes of 0flcet.s killed and wounded.
~ i r I \Pounded.
Corps. Rank and Name. Corps. Rank and Kiirnes. ( Remarks.
-
-I I I
-----
... 13. hI.'s 2nd or Queen's,
I = I l , d r O , n . ' s R o p G ~egt-apt. IV. AJ. Eyster,
severely.
...... Royal Regiment,
(Signed) C. HAGART, Capt., Aclg. Dy. ddj t . Gerrl., Bon~Lay Colum)~, -4lllty oj'the I n d u s .
.......... ,, T. Se:~lp. itto. to.
Lieut. 'I'. IV. E. Holdsrrortl~, Ditto.
....
, D. I. Dickel~son, Slightly.
......
Adjt. J. E. Sin~nions, Severely.
.. Captain L. C. Uourclrier, Ditto.
........... ,, Saurin,. Slightly.
.......... Ensign Hopper, Se~ereljr.
.. Lieut. T. Grnvatt, ......... :, ditto,.
........ J, ditto,.
......... ,, ditto,.
........ ,, ditto,.
.......... H. 31.'~ 17th Regt.,
.... 31st Bengal N. Infantry,
........ ,, ditto, . .
Cisl oj' Belochcc Sirilnrs Killed h lhc nssatlll of Kclrrl, on the 13tk
ffm~mnbcr, 1839.
Nnn~cs. Remarks.
Meer hlel~ral, ICIian, ...... Chicf of Icelnt.
Mecr Wullce Mnliorncd, .... Tlie Muengul Sirdnr of Wudd.
Al~dool Icureem, . . . . . . . . . . Ruslianee Sirdar.
Dad ICureem, ............. Shuliwnnec Sirdar.
Mahomed Ruzza, ........ Neplieiv of the Wuzzecr Mnlio-
lned Hoosc~i.
Ichysar Khan, ............ Ahsehire Sirdar.
Dewall Buchall Mull, ...... Finnncinl Minister.
Noor Mahorned, and Tnjoo
Mahorned. .............. Shagpee Sirdars.
Pvisollers.
Mahomed I-Iooscn, ........ Wuzzeer.
....... Moola Ruheem Dad,. Ex-Nail, of Shawl.
With several others of inferior rnnk.
(Signed)
J. D. D. BEAN, Politicttl Agent.
(Signed) 3. S~liwani-, Lieut.-Col.
Sccy. to Ihc Gout. of Indin, Mi l y. D( y t .
wi t h t L Rt . Ifon. the Gout*. Ge311.
By o)~l er of the Conw. of lhc Forces,
(Signed) J . R. LUBILEY, Major- Ge~t l .
[email protected]. of the Army.
No. VII.
London Gazelle.
Dmuning slrcel. 12th August, 1839.
The Quem has been gmciously pleased to nominate and appoint
Lt.-Genl. Sir John. Kcnna, R. C. 13. of the most I-Ion'ble Order
of the 13atl1; to be a G. C. 13.
Whitelmll, 1 118 Dec. 1839.
The Quem has bccn plensed to dircct Letto9.s Patent t o be pass-
cd under the great seal, granting the dignitnriee of Bnron and Ear l
of the united kingdom of Gt. 13ritain and Ireland, unto the Rt. Hon.
George Auckland, G. C. B. and thc heirs male of his body lewfully
begotten ; by the names, styles, and titles of Bnron Eden, of Nor-
\vood, in the county of Surrev, and Earl of Aucklnnd."
T l ~ c Quccn has also IICCII ~)l c; ~scd to dircct 1,ctlcrs Putcnt, 8c.
granting t l ~c tlignity of n b a r c ~ ~ ~ of t l ~c U. SC. OF Grcnl: Ilritain and
Ireland, unto Lt.-Gcnl. Sir J. Ihole, G. C. I]., and t l ~c heirs male
of his body lawfi~lly bcgottc~i, by the name, style, and tirle of Baron
I(enlle, of Gliuzncc, ill Afgl~aniatan, ant1 of Cnppo~~r~i n, in t11e county
of Waterford.
The Qrreei8 has also becn plcascd to dircct Lctters Patent, kc.
grnnting tile dignity of ti Baronet of t l ~ c U. Ii. of Great Britain a1it1
Irclund, unto the followi~ig gentlemen, and the hcirs mirlc of t k i r
bodies lawfully bcgotten, viz. lIr111. IIny Macnngllten, Fsq. of the
Civil Service of the E. I. C., on tlic I4eng:ll cstablise~nc~it, Envoy
and Ministel- froin tlie Govl:, of Iritlin to k1. A,[. S l ~ n l ~ Sl~oojall-001-
Moollc; and Col. Henry Pottingcr, ill t l ~c servicc of the E. I. C., on
t he Bombay establisl~nicnt, Political Resident in Cutch.
The Queen has also l ~ecn plc:iscd to dircct Lctters Patent, kc.
conferring the llo~lor of liiiiglitliood upon Ik.-Col. C111rtd ill(~rlinc
FIfnde, of tlie Mily. Scrvicc of tllc E. I. C., 011 the Uc ~~ga l catabliell-
ment, Pol. Resident at Loodiana.
TC'nr ofice, 13th Dee. 1 S39.
B,4cvet.
The undermentioncd conlnlisaions arc to be dated ?3rd
July, 1839, Col. Rob. I-Ien. Salc, 12th foot, to liave tlic local riiiilc
of Maj.-Genl. in Afi(/lraolis/nn.
To be Licot.-Col. in tlie rl~~trly :
nlt((jo' :~C. R. Curcton, 16th Lt. Drs. F. D. Daly, 4t h L. D.
Jiio. Pennycoicli, lit11 Foot. 11. C:vrutliers, 2nd Foot.
E. T. Troiison, 13th Do. G. J. ;\IcDo\vel, l6tll L. D.
T o be J ~ ~ I ~ w I ' s in tlie Army :
Capt. T. S. Powel, Gth Foot.
Cnyt. J~~~s.ICcrsl~aw, 13th Foot.
To bc .Licut.-C'ols. in the E~'nsl I)tdics only :
iifujors Jas. ICeitl~, Uoml)ay
Geo. l\rari~cn, Bengul Eurri.
N. I. (D. A. G.) Rezt .
Jas. &TilcLnrcn, 13en- C. M. llratlc, Hengal N. I.
N. I. H. F. Snltcr, Ucngol Cavy.
P. L. Pcjv, (Do.) Arty.
I)avidCunni~ighn~ne,Bombny
J. D. Parsons, (Do.) Chvy.
D. C. G.
To be lilajors in the I!asil 1iidies 011ly :
~ ( p l s . N. Campbell, Bombay
Joo. Lloyd, Tlombay Arty.
N. I. (D. Q, 3.J. G.)
l'tit, Craigie, 1%c11gaI N. I. (I).
Geo. Tl~omson, Rengul 11. C:.)
E~i gr a.
,I, C, l'ci~r, lIo1~111ay E~i gr .
e
Cq~l s. W. Gar den, Bcngnl N. I. W. Al er andcr , Bengill C:tvy.
(D. Q. M. G.)
Jno. Ha y , Bengal N. T.
To h a v e t he l ocal rnnlc of Mnj or i n Afghanistan :
Lieut. El dr e d Pot t i nger , Bombay Ar t y.
Bou~ning st?.cc/, 20th Llcc. 1839.
T h e Qaecn has been graci ousl y pl eased t o nomi nat e a n d nppoint-
Col. T. 'Willsliire, Comg. the Bombny t roops, arid s er vi ng wit11
thc rank of Maj. -Genl. in India ;
Col. J. Thaclcwcll, Co n ~ g . t h e Cavy. a nd ser vi ng wi t h t h e ranL of
Maj - Genl . in Inflilin; a n d Col. R. I-I. Sale ( 11) Comg. 1 3 t h Lt. I nf y.
(11)
Entered tlie Army nsEnsign in 36th Poot, 24th Feb. 1795. Licut, Feh.
17!17. Exclinnged into 12th Foot in Feb. 1706, served with i t u t the bnttlc of
Mnllavclly 27th Murcl~, 1799. At siegc nnd storm of Seringnpntnm 4th $Tay,
1799, and served tl~roughout the cn~i ~r~ui gns in tlie Wyunuud country i n
1801. Received a nietlal for Seringaputnin, and proinotetl to n cornpuny witli-
out purcllase, lit11 hIarc11, 1806. At llic storlniug of llic Trnvuncore lincs i u
1809, and s t the cc~ptorc of 111e Mnur i l i ~~s ill 1810. On 31st Dec. 1813, a
I
Majority, witliout purclinsc. 111 Dec. 1818, plnced on Bul l llny, by the re-
duction of the 2nd Dn. I n June 1821, received n Mnjority in 13th Lt. Infy.,
pnyi~ig t he diflerence. At tile cnpturc of Reugoon in 1524 (in tlie conl~naiicl
of his Regt.) drove l l ~ e cnclny from llle vicinity of Rangoon, 14th Mny,
1824. Stornletl the stockailes near " I<emmcndie," 10Ll1 June, 1624, f or
wbiel~ " rlistinguisl~etl co~iduct," 11e received tlie t l ~n~i ks of Sir A. Cni~~pbelI,
on the field of battle. Stormetl tlie sevcn stocltades, on 8th July, 1824, and
thonked for liis " gnllnnt condact," and noticed in G. 0. On 1st Dcc. 1824,
stormed the encmy's lines wit11 the 13th Lt. Infy. ancl 200 Sepoys ; o n
5t h Dec. commanded l(iOO men, and tlrove the enemy from every posi-
tion. On 15th Dec. 1824, comu~;c~~ilecl 800 Inen in an nttnek on tlie rcur
,
of tlie cneiny's lines in front of the grent Pngotln, near Rangoon, and received
n very severe mound on the Iicud ; nnd noticed in G. 0. for tlie nctions of tllc
5t h and 15th Dee., as also for t l ~ c capture of the i~rtrcncl~ment, a t I-Ioll~euu.
Commnnded n brigade employed in tlic reduction of Dusseir~, and subsequent
operotions from 10th Pcb. to 2nd May, 1825. Lt.-Colonel, 13th Lt. Infy.,
without porcllnse, 2nd June, 1825. On 1st Dee. 1825, cornmantled 1st Bri -
gade, and repulsed tlie Shnuns and Burmese at l'rome. \fritll snule Brigade,
stormed tlie heights nnd lines nenr Prorne, next dsy ; and storined Mallown,
where be received n severe wound. For liis "galln~it conduct," and " dis-
tinguished services," made n C. B.
On 28th June, 1838, promoted to Coloncl.
I n October, 1838, nppointod
t o the commnntl of the 1st (Baugnl) Urigntle " Army ot' the Indns," wllich
formed tlie " ALance," t hr o~~gl ~out tile ccunpnign, in ~lKgliauiston. Corn.
Appendix. 35
nntl serving wit11 the rank of &j.-Genl. in Afl~rAnnistnn to be I<~its.
Comrs. of tlic most I-Ion. &lily. Order of the ]lath.
El. M. lias also been pleased to noininate and appoint tlle follow-
ing officers, in 1-1. M.'s Service, to be compu~iions of the said most
Ilon. &lily. Order of tlie Bath.
Lt.-Cals. J. Scott, 4th L. D. 117. Crolier, 17th Foot.
W. Persse, 16th Lanccrs, R. Macdonald, 4th Foot, D. A.
G. (Q. T.) Bombay.
H. M. &c. following officers, in t he scrvice of the E. I . C. to bc
companions of thc said iriost Hon. R'lil~r. Order of thc Bat11 :
Lt.-Co1s.A. lloberts, BengnlN.1. 13. Sandwith, Bombay Cavy.
T. Stcvenson. Borubay Arty. F. Stalker, Do. N. I.
T. Monteoth, Berlgal N. I. C. M. Wade, Bengal Do.
11. bl. Wheeler, Do. Do. Geo. Tllonison, Do. Engir~ccrs.
C. C. Smytli, do Cavy. E. l'ottinger, Bombay Do.
Downing streel, 21sl Jan. 1840.
The Qucen has been pleased, QLc. Maj.-Genl. Sir W. Cotton,
-1
I<. C. B. to be a G. C. 13.
The Brevct for IChelat.
2nd June, 1840. To be Lieut.-Col. in tlie Army : Major Cl~as.
John Deshon, 17th Foot.
To be Majors in the Army : Capts. Gco. D. I. Raitt, and J. G.
S. Gillantl, of the 2nd 1700t. Cnpt. J. Darley. 17th libot, and Capt.
0. Robinson, 2nd Foot.
To be Lieut.-Col. in tlie East Intlies only : Major J. S. 13. W~ R.
ton, 31st Regt. Bengal N. I.
To be Majors in the East Indies only : Capts. Sir A. Burnea,
(12) 21st Bombay N. I., C. Bagart, Jas. Outram, and W. WyIlic,
Bombay N, I. and Capt. W. Coglilan, Bombay Artillery.
The only officer who 11as not been noticed, is Lieut.-Col. TV. Is.
Dennie, C. B., 13. I\iI.'s 13th Lt. Infy. who led the "Advauce," nt the
r(
storm of Ghuznee, who was wounded in the 13urmese War, and for
his services t l ~erc was rnnde a companion of thc Bath. I-Ie has been
in tlie Army sinee the 28th Oct. 1801.
mandcd a Dett. of 2,500 Lnen sent to Girisl~k. On 23rcl July, 1839, comnlrnd-
I
ed llre ' I Slo,.mi?tlg-Par!y nt Gh~~zoee, rl ~erc 11e rcceivcd a Subre-cut on the
chin, and n cont~lsiou on tha hest st nnd 6110111dcr~ from a musket ball.
(12)
Siocc nlnde a C, B. I Ilenr.
No. VIII.
Lo~z l Alckluncl, Go v ~ . Gcnl. qf In&iz~ l o the S e c ~ e t Commillce
of tlte East I~tclin Comyany.
Cnnv nt Blrurtpoor, 12th Dec. 1539.
I [lo mysclf t he honor to for~vard copics of the despatches notcd
in thc margin, (13) relative t o the assault and capture of the Port
of ICclat.
2. Tlie decision, tlie grcat military sliill, and excellent disposi-
tions of 3Taj.-Genl. Willsliire, in conducting thc operations against
Relat, appear to me deserving of the highest commendation. The
gallantry, steadiness, and soldicr-likc bearing of the troops under
hi s command, rendered liis plans of action completely successful,
thercby again crowning our arms across t he Indzis with signal
victory.
3. 1 need not expatiate on the importi~ncc of this :icliievement,
from wliich the best erect s must be derivccl, not only in tlie vindica-
tion of our national honor, but also in confirming the security of
intercourse between ScixcIe and A~~kAallislnn, and in promoting tlie
safety and tranquillity of the restored monarchy; but I ~voul d not
ornit to point out that the conduct on this occasion of Major-
Genl. Willslritve; and of the officcrs and inen under his conlmand
(including the 31st Regt. of Bengal N. I., which had not been
cmployed in thc previous active opcrations of the campaign), have
entitled tliern to more prominent notice than I was able to givc tlicin
i n my General Ordcr of Nov. 16th, 1839 ; and in recom~nending
these valuable services to the applausc of tlic Committee, I trust that
1~11~11 not be considered as going bcyond my proper province, in
stating an cnrnest lioye that the conduct of Mnj.-Gcnl. JVillsl~i~,e
in tlic direction of tlic opcrations, will not fail t o elicit the approba-
tion of Her Majesty's Govt.
I have, &c.
(Signed) BVCICLAN
(13)
Indin Board, 13th Pcb. I84-0.-Lon(lo~~ Gn.sc.llc.
No. IX.
If'rona [he Rl. I-loa'ble LOWE Mill, Ge~zl. Conar.-in- Chip/; fl . I . W. ~ ~
l+%rces, I f i ~ e e &al*rls, 41h Dec. 1839, Lo H. E. Lieu.!.-GenZ.
Xil. John l<en?zeJ G. C. U. 4c.
ZId. Qvs. Bonzbciy, 261H Peh. 18-10, (1.1)
(Ed.) I have l~cruscrl wit11 t l ~ c deepcst intcrest the partici~lars,
as clctnilcd by you, of tlic cnpturc I)y storm, of the i ni por t ~~~t For-
tress of Cll~lsr~ee, togetlicr wit11 its citudcl, by tlic ariny u ~ ~ d c r your
comrnantl, ant1 I have thc greatest satisfi~ctio~i in conveying to you
the sense I entertain of your conduct upon that occasion, marked
ant1 distinguished as it was, by a (lisplay of skill, judgment ant1
valo~lr ; and most gallantly supported tllroughout elvery part of the
clilficult a ~ ~ d dnngerous operation, by the ndmirubie courage and dis-
ci ~~l i nc of all tlie troops.
111 sub~ni t t i ~i g t l ~esc important: despntchcs to tlie Qurcn, I did not
fail to solicit I-ler Majesty's attention, not only to the undaunted
4
spirit lrnd gnllantry of tlic troops 1111dcr your cotn~nnnd; but like-
wise, to the exemplary bel~nriour i~nmetliately subsequent to this
tlari~ig as successful acllievernent, bel~aviour wltich colcld only have
resulted, as you have jusLly observed, from the maitttenallcc of a
high state of dipcipiinc, cotlihitied witli British courage, and Uritisll
cllaracter; and you will be so good as to avnil yourseIf of u11 curly
oDL)ortunity to malie Icno\vn to thc iwmy under your command, that
tlic Q~tccrs has been pleasetl to cxpress her most gracious approbation
of tl~cir brillia~it i111c1 iniportnnt se!vices.
(Signed) HILL.
B~ 00,tlcr ,,f N. E. the Co~rw.-i)~-Chief,
(Signed) R. ~\!AC~>ONALD, Lt.-Col.
B ~ . lt$l, Ce,11. EI. llf.'s Forces in IrzcIi~.
No. S.
llcnll Ql l r l r l o~, Cnkntln, 22nrl clp~*il, 18-10.
No. 3G.
G. 0.-[I. K. the Co111r.-in-Cl~ief in India Iins been
!lollored by receivilig tile colnnia~~tls of I-Ier Majesty, contaiued in a
(14) G, 0, lIY H. E. I,icuc.-Genl. Sir '1'. Mt~cXI~~llon, IJitrt., I(. c. 1%.
f
letter frorn Gcnl. Lord I-IiII, commnntling the r1rm)r in Cl~icf, dated
4tll Afarc11, 1840, to express EIcr Majesty's high satisfaction at the
judgment, skill, gal l n~~t ry and discipline, displi~ycd 11y A4r1jor-Genl.
Sir Tl~omas MTillshire, I<. C. B. and by the 0llice1.s and Afen of I-I.
M.'E 2nd ant1 17tIl R(:gts, of Foot, in thc glo~.ious ruld s~icccssful as-
sault up011 the Fortress of Kelat.
His Excellency is aware that these most graci o~~s cslxcssions of
the Queen's npl,robation, are equally intended to bc convcyccl to thc
Uetc~chrnent of t l ~c Bornbny 1-Iorsc Artillery, to tlie 31st. Regt.
13engal Native Infantry, and to the other Detclimcnts engraged ; and
IIC is quite certain that I-Ier Majesty's Officers U I I ~ A;Icrl \ \ r i l l S~.eely
and liberally sl1;1rc witll them, t l ~ c nl)pIilnsc t I~us bestowed, upon
their united, and gallctl~t exertions, and upon t l ~ci r splcntlitl, noon-
dny acl~icvemcnt.
No. XI.
7'0 d l o j o ~ P. Crcliyic.
I
1)1/ if. C, o j ' ~ h e Arnl j , Z U ~ L I L the r l ~nz y of iAc Irtdus.
Mily. Dept.
SIR,
It has I I CCI ~ I)rougl~t to the notice of the 1Et. 1-Ion. t l ~c Covr.
Genl., that the wives illld fumilies of olficcrs attached t o t l ~e U e ? ~ ~ n l
Cohnm of the Army of tllc Intlos, havc been, in EOlnC instances,
sul)jected t o much inconvenience, by thc tlelay, or interruption, of
the remittances on wliich they are depentlcnt for sllpport, occi~sio~led
by the i i reg~~l nri t y, or intcrrnption by robbers, of tlie D$lc Corn-
milnication between the Anny r~ntl the Company's Provinces.
2. f E, ~' t . ) The Govr. Genl. has I)ccn pleased to dctcrrnine, t l ~at
such portion of their pay and nllowances as oificers of the 13eng11l
Column of that army may authorize the deduction of, by the field
Pay Master, shall bc paid to their wives, or fnmilics, in tlle pro-
vinces; 11nder such arrangements as shall be made for t h ~ t pur-
pose, in the Pay Dept. to which the necessary rcfcrcnce will be
made.
3. In the mean time, to obviate dclay, I am directed to request
13. E. the Co1nr.-in-Chief of the Army of the lndus, will causc
Rolls t o be prepared, of the officer9 wishing to avail themselves of
this indulgence; specifying the amourit to be deducted born each,
nnd the month from the pny of which t he first deduction has becrl
made.
4. These llolla lnny be sent in t hc first instance, by t hc Ftl.
Pay Master, lo the Depy. Pey Mr. of tlre district i n which the P q r c s ,
the olhcers' wives 01. fnmilies, are residing; and full instructions \~vill
11e ftvnishcd, hercaftcr, for Capt. 3y~rrnvc' s gui d; i ~~ce, b j t he Ac-
c o u n t a ~ ~ t i n t l ~c Mily. Dcl,t.
(Signed) J as . STIJA~T, L1.-Col.
Oh. See. 10 Goo!. of Tn~li~c 111iIy. Dc ~ I ! .
7ui t b 11tc Rt . Ifin. !Ac Gour. Gc,l/.
Si1t1711, -111~ Jlrwc, 1839.
No. SI I .
Dooronec Order. (1 5 )
Sec~nt Dq~t . 3rd i l rrgust, 1840 .
The Rt. I-Ion. the Govr. Genl. in Council is plcilecd to pul,lisl~
7
t hc following list of officers who ]lave been invcsteil with tile Order
of the Doornnee Empire, by p e r mi s s ~o ~~ of I-ler Most G~,ucious &In-
jest,y the Queen.
J/lcnaboa of !he 1st Cluss of !he Older of the Il oo, n~ec Empire.
Si r W. 14. Mncnnghteo, l3art.,
Lt.-Col. Sir C. &I. Wttdc, Kt .
Envoy and Ministcr ut the Coltrt C. B. Rcsident at Intlorc.
of Cnbool.
Lt.-Col. Si r Alcx. Uurncs, Kt.
El ~voy to Kelut and other stutcs.
! i l f e ~~t boa thc 2t~d CZcrss.
Moj.-Gcnl.Simpson,lnteCo~ng. Major Ga r d c ~ ~ , Dy. Qr. Mr.
Shah Shooja11's Force. Gcnl. Bengd Army.
Hrigr. A. llobcrts, C. 13. Hon. Major 'I'l~omson, C. U. Bengnl
4
Compilny's Eurn. Regt. Comg. Engineers.
Sl ~nl i Shoojtth's Force. Major Pcut, Bombay 121lgi-
13rigr. Stephenson, C, U. Lt.. uecrs.
Col. Bombay Arty.
Major E. D'A. Totltl, n c n ~ n l
Lt.-Col. Parsons. l kpp. Comy.
Arty., Envoy t o I-Temt.
Genl., 13engtal Army.
( I b)
The nttmes give11 nt p. 263 are correct, but Cnpt, dt~dcrsotc's
is ircl+?rl to this List. Lord ciaclilrm~l Ili~s ;lcc~'l)tctl o f lllc Ortlcr, tllollgll
tot rlotailetl in tlrc proscnt Liat.
Mojor Clnigic:, Dy. Adjt. Gcnl., Cr~pt. (now Mnjur) J. Orrtmm,
l3engul Army.
Pol. Agent Lower Sinde.
Membmr of the 31.d Class.
Lt.-Col. Orclli~rd, C. 3. Ben-
Major C. J. Cunningl~nm, 1st
gal Europcan Regt.
Bornl~i~y Lt. Cavy.
Lt.-Col. Wheeler, C. B. 48th Major Alexander, Coing. 4th
Bengnl N. I. Local Horse.
Lt.-'201. Nfonteatll, C. I3. 35th Major McSherry, lnte Major of
Bengiil N. I. Brigade, Sllah Shooj nl ~' ~ Forcc.
Lt.-Col. Smyth, C. B. 3rdBcn- Major Hagnrt, Uoinbny Eurn.
gal Lt. Cavy. Regt.
Lt.-Col. Snndwitli, C. 13. 1st Major Leech, Pol. Agent, Can-
Uoillbny Lt . Cavy. dahar.
Lt.-Col. Stallter, C. I3. 19th MajorE. Pottinger, C. B. Bom-
Bombay N. I. bay Arty.
Id.-Col. Salter, 2nd Bengal Lt. Capt. Uavidson, 17th Bombay
Cavy. N. I.
Lt.-Col. Warren, Bengnl Eu- Capt. Sanders, J3engul Engi-
I-opeun Regt. neers.
Lt.-Col. Cunninghc~rn, 2nd Capt. Jollnsoll, Pay Mr. and
Bombay Lt . Cavy. Corng. Poolla11
Commsst. officer, S. 6 . Force.
Auxy. I-Iorsc.
Capt. ilnclerson, Bengal 1-1. A.
Lt.-Col. Pew, l3cn31l Arty.
Coing. I-Iorse Arty. S. S. Force.
1,t.-Col. J'lcLaren, 1 Gtll Ben- Capt. Mecgregor, Pol. Agcnt
g.71 N. I. at Jellalabad.
Mi~jor (now Lt.-Col.) Wes- Capt. E. B. Conolly,Mily. Asst.
ton, 31at Bcngnl N. I. ant1 Comg. Escort, Envoy and
Major Thomson, Bengal Eurn. Minister.
Regt. Lt . F. Mackeson, Pol. Agent,
Major Thomas, 48th Bengal I'eshawer.
N. I. Mr. P. B. Lord, Pol. Agent,
Major I-Iancnck, 19th Bombny 13ninccan.
N. I.
N. B. The followir~g Members of tllc Order have dicd since its
institotioil.
llrigr. Arnoltl, Lt.-Col. I-I.M.'s Lt.-Col. I-Terring, C. B. Den-
1 Gth I,aucers, 2nd class. gtll Infy. 3rd Class.
Lt.-Col. Keit11,I)y. Adjt. Gcnl. Copt. Hay, 35th Bengal N. T.
Uoinbay Army, 2nd Clase. 3rd Class.
( Si ped) H. T o n l t ~ ~ s ,
Oyy. Sccy. l o the Gout. of I ~ ~ d i c r .
No. XIII.
Li st of Oflcers of the cc Army of ihe I~idus," djing f?.om
1st November, I S38, t o 1840.
--
I Rnolc and Names. I Corps, I Dates.
I
\ l r l ~er e ztn(1 11o;F
Z died, k c .
S. S. O.1\1.
Nov. I, 1838. Lootlinnal~.
D. A. Q. h1.
General, Nor. 5, ICurnal, Stticicle.
H. N. ,IS L. D. Dec. 10, In Sindh, Suicide.
211 Q.' s Wok, Jiln. SO, 1839,
5 l ~ t . 1'. A. Nixon, Ilitto, Ditto,
G Asst. Srtrg. \V. E.
ly burnt t o
Hibbert, Ditto, Ditto,
7 Lt . B. C. Cntnpbell, Uotnl~ny 1st
Lt. Ci~vy, Feh. 19, In Sintlh.
8
9
10
11
19
13
14
16
lo:
17
18
19
90
21
22
23
24
Cnpt. H. J. I'ieitlt,
Capt. I-I;~nd,
LL-Col. J. Thontson,
Lt. Inveritrity,
Lt. J. 13. Corry,
Asst. S~~r geon J .
13:1llori1n,
Lt. Chnltners,
Ensn. Uear~fort,
L h . 1-Inlniltot~,
Lt. Ui~pnes,
Cilpt. Meik,
Brigr. Arnold,
Lt.-Col. J. Herring,
C. B.
Capt. Potltergill,
Cnpt. Gould,
Cfillt.-'l.in~iltgs,
Bt. Mnjor Hart,
~ , ~ a l ~ t . J. ~ e p ,
2~1 Q.'s Foot,
211 Botnbtiy
Grettru.
3 1st Uombny
N. 1.
H. fif.'s l(itl1
Liulcers,
17th Foot,
BornbnY Foot
Artillery,
1,311 llengnl
N. I.
'1,211 ditto,
17th Foot,
Bombiiy Arty.
31st Uollg;~l
N. I.
11. JI.'s lot11
Li~~lcers,
37th Bengnl
N. I.
13th Foot,
462~1 Benpl
N. I.
Det~gnl H. A.
43tl Det~gi~l
N. 1.
1\9iiral1 3.
.\pril,
ilpl-il 10,
>lay 28,
Jrrl~e 40,
...
June,
1)it to,
J une 21,
A I I ~ ,
Ditto,
Aug. 20,
S ~ p t . 3,
Scpt. 5,
Sept. 6,
Sept. 12,
Rtrrnclree, n111rdered
11y tire Ilelooul~ees.
1st ~ ~ i i r c h fiwrn Slti-
Irtrrpoor*-Apoplexy.
Ci~ndnl~nr-~l\urtIct~-
etl by Affgllims.
I'roceoding to join.
I-leiit of weather.
Ditto, ditto.
B?gl ~, ditto.
Dltto, ditto.
Cnndnl~ar.
yuettii.
Ditto.
Cfibool.
At I-l ydcr lilicl, ncnr
Citbool, m~~r de r c t l
by Gl~iljies.
Cnbool.
Quettn.
Cilbool, worn out.
C:~n~l;iI~ar.
3$tlI ditto, ~OOS;: ::: /
Cabool.
42 /flq~e)z rl i ~: .
-
\Yllcre : I I I I ~ Ilow
(lied, kc.
----
Retwec~l C:~bool ;rncl
Qnettn, sore tltroiit.
1
J ~~g( l i ~l uk, between
Cirbool illld 5~11111:1-
bad.
liilletl at tlrc ntorrll
of 1~1iel;rt.
Drolvncd fordillg tllc
Jlleel~lm, in t he
Pt~rijal).
At Shilii~rpoor.
Ditto.
Cnndnhi ~~.
Died of \rrouncl rcceiv-
ed in irctioll ; ~ t Poo-
shoot neilr Jcll;~1;1-
bil~l.
Ci~bool.
1
-
g 1 j,.,~k an, N anlc s.
_ . -
C or,..
--
D. A. G. Born-
1~;ry Arnly,
17th Foot,
9d ditto,
H. hI.'s 16th
Lancers,
IT. 31.'~ -1tl1
L. D.
1. Bombay
Lt. Cavy.
42tl Bengiil
N. 1.
37th ditto,
13th Foot,
26
27
24
29
30
31
32
33
34
Dntcu.
--
Oct. 19,
Ditto,
Nor. 13,
Dec. 12,
Dee.
Ditto,
Dec. 22,
Jnii. 18, lR.1.0,
Al)~il,
Il'lajor ICei tll,
Cnltt. Hackitt,
Lt. T. Grnvntt,
Ct~pt. Hilton,
Cnpt. Ogle,
Dr. Forbes,
Dr. Wnllter,
Lt. Collinson,
Ciillt. S~ithcrlii~itl,
06se~vnlio7ls on Y'alllc KO. 2, A(11,iissions inlo I-lo,?pilal, cryid
Deaths in t he Cc A ~ ~ I I J of t he IudusJJJ f b ~ /he yeur 1S39.
Tlic sirltriess i n tlie 31st and 42ntl llegts. N. 1. is to be ascribcd
lnore to tlic fatigue and privatiur~s the nlcli underwent beforc their
arrivnl ill Shc~rul (h4oy 1839), tliali to any pcculinr unl~ealtliiness in
the situation of Q~l ettn. Thesc Regts. marched from Shikarpoor
by Detts. in cliargc of Convoys, during the inoiiths of April, May,
June and part of July ; and suffered greatly from incessant futigue,
d~iily, indeed hourly, esposure to intense heat, (the thermometer one
t l ~y stood at 135' in a tent,) ancl severc privations arising from
want of water ; which, whcn procurnblc, was for the niost part very
bad.
On thcse parties reaclling ShcrruZ, they mcre in a comparatively
cold climate, and incapable of protecting tllemselvlcs ng~rinst its
chilling efects, in conscqnence of Inany of tl~ern, (the whole of the
31st N. T. certainly,) h a v i n ~ bccn compelled to throw away all their
1
bedding aiid warm clothing, s11c11 ils nzciv-zrtees (quilted jackets) and
ru,-rrccs (qnilts) from \ \ f a ~ ~ t of carriage, wiping from casualties
among their c;unels.
Tlie men no1 being ilblc to procure vegctnbles, milk, a~i t l other
articles of diet co~isidercd necessary by them, 1n11sl; lli1\7e 11ncl nu
injurious efect ; nlore pnrticululy ns for sollie time tlley had no
dhall, (split peas.)
The 43rd hr. I. arrivetl nt Quetta in March, 1539, consequently
continued henlthy.
The 43rd N. I. ~r r i ved at Quetta in March, the 31st and 42nd
N. I. not till May, 1833. Thc 37th N. 1. reached Candahar in
&lay. 1839. The rest of the Uengal troops reached Canduhar in
April, 183 9. I
The climate of Sl ~awl is variable, the changes of temperature aud-
den, and the range of t he thermometer great, viz. about 45O witliin
tlie 24 hours in tents, and about 90' in the open air. Nevertlreless.
if the sepoys arrived there in good health, had sufficient clothi~ig
-(extra to what is customary i n Ilindostan dnring the cold sca-
son) ; ab~mdancc of warm-bedding ; good huts ; ant1 wl~olesolne
food, it is tlic opinion of medical men, that they would remain as
.healthy as Native troops generally are in Inrlia.
Around the town of Qaeltu, the water lics near the surface, and
forces itself upwards by liiany springs \vhicll stngnatc, and cause
llllmerous small morasses. Tl~ese and the constant irrigntioll of the
fields, may account for the irrlcr~nillent feao.s which alrvnys prevailed
at Qucltn i n aut ~~rnn.
This p a ~ t of the valley, I~owever, is capable of being dl-aincd,
rr,Ilich operation .cvould, it is said, decidedly add much to the salu-
brity of t l ~ c place, and probably would free it altogether from fevers.
Tl ~e Rolnn Pass is open for trnvellers during tile wl~ole year. The
difficulty al ~d danger lics between Dndur find Sl~il<nr~)oor in the
hot weatlicr.
The cold this wintcr at Q,teltri has stood nt lo0, and SOU in a tent
wit11 a fire.
50 Appendim.
'sllluaa
: : -
: 0 2 * m * m w m >o
I
* *
.sasnas!g .larllo : : : : : 2 2 +
* "
I
1
1 0 1 +
. . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . I : ( :
. A~ a ~ l ~ a s , q ~ I
: : : : : : : : : : : I : I :
..ld"J1 7%
1 -
. * * * m m - *
. . -, J a I *
-- --
GI
b-
5
; n
z
a
p
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v;
5
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5
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42
e;
d
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-
. * m ~ r , h ~ o w o ~ - m a o w
. SLIO!SS!U~V I\:~o,L f' Lo F r * O m - Y Y *
I
3 .
2
0
.-
( 0 %
.-
E
3
Q
I
'srlluaa lulo,r, : : : : : * 4 " ' . * ,+
I
'sasnas!a aaqlo : : : : : - : C" : : "
2 E
I . - -- .- _ -
.Na101i3 I . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . .
. ~l a, t l as ~a 1 . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . .
-
.'a*aJ I . . . . ,4 . . . . .
CO h*Da+mmCOt-Cnu?. U~
-sasuas!a ~ a r ~ o I-Z-* * Y V1 *
. wqo q3 ( : : : : : : : : : : : :
. ~al uas, qa I :
: : : : : : :- .
w ~ o c c m o a w m w ~ m ~
*.,a,,.$ ] - ct - - - - - -
5
;
-
-
G
8
a
5 ~1
w
U
I
. . . . . . a , . .
b ~ > ? . d b + h 7 ~ m m h
'SUo!SS!UIpFJ ll110,L
- ' - " ,+ - " " *
I
I
m 3 O * - ~ n W O W Q ~ 6
G
E:
."- V1
"7
' Z E:
a
- 4
'sasuas!a laqio - ,+ - C.I
.ala,o,13 I . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . .
.Lla)uasdaI : : : : : :- :* : : : I N I T w O m
tee
5 L
la
??
-
C
. d
3
0
z
m
m
CO d
z
C
.-
-.
u
-
3
C
2
&
.-
5 2
-
Q)
-3 -
c .C
d e
$2
22
c *
. -
.s
- 4
a- a 0
:;
mu
T s
.& c
4;
-n
cam VV
d&nissions'b20 the Rospilal of the 35tla Bengnl N. I., at Cizbool,
cfi~ri?ig the ntontRs of Janaary, February, Ma~ch, and April,
184O.-Bbo1~1700 men.
.$
.E
E
4
2
1
1
1
I
5
16
---
1040.
Jnnunry.
-
2
2
2
5
a 2
. . . .
. . . .
..
. . . .
6
. . . .
..
..
..
2
8
*
"2 r(
6
s s z
e
g16Z
'- CJ
.s 2
~ 2 2
4
.I
3
1
2
4
2
3
16
Disenscs. .
- - -
Cutaneouscliscnses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Dislocntions nnd sprclilis,. .......
Intermittent fevers, ............
Gonorrliaen ...................
Tlioracic1nflamn:ation .........
Rlleumniism, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Syphilitic affections,. .............
Ulcers , ......................
M'omidu .....................
Other diseases,. ...............
- - - - - - _ _ -
......... Totul,.
1040.
Februnry.
-
I 3
+
.5
En
A
2
2
.-;;
5
2
..
I1
1
9
1
2
3
..
5
35
Diseases.
- -
Diarrlioen, ....................
............. Cutaneous diseases,.
( Remittent, ............
\ Intern~ittent,. .........
........ 'I'florncic Inflammntions,
Rheumatism, ................
.................... Syphilis ,
Ulcer .......................
\Vounds , ....................
............... Otller diseases,.
$
6
2
1
14
2
11
1
2
7
2
13
50
4
2
I
1
1
1
5
,
o k 2
- - - -
2
1
10
2
3
1
G
1
1
27
1
1
1
2
7
3
..
..
..
6
1
1
1
G
9
4
I
1
1
11
-c---
1
1
5
2
4
1
5
. . . .
. . . .
. . . .
..
1
. . a .
. . . .
. . . .
. . . .
..
1
1
6
1
1
G
N. 1%. ~l l ) ol ~t 150 of this Hegt. \\.ere on duty on an :rvcmge, clori~lg t he
ruirrlw. FI, id. 13th Infy., it is siricl, had boot ti0 men, on tluty.
Tl~c:
sepnys of t l ~a 95tl1 N. I. stood t he colt1 aclrniri~bly well ; t11o11gl1 the ther-
molaeter \v;rs oftcrr 4 ;rnd ci tlcgrecs I)c!lo~r. .zero, ;rr~cl tlloilgl~ cs1)usecl iIS
se~ltriee di~y ilnd ~liglit. 'l'llcy 11rlcl Irzrrrirclts, i~ncl lircs wcru kcpt 1111 i n t l ~em.
, 3
l l ~ e riicl~ 11:1tl el~:~rl)o)rs (Iwtls), I)ut \ rere crowcle~l, ; ~r ~t l lllct Iloor is sail1 to
11;rvc bcol~ tlitnll). Ou t of 700 rncll 12 clietl i n 4 111o11ths; iriro~~t 1: p. C.
'I'hey losl 1.1, lucn i r ~ all I8:1!1.
1 P40.
it1i1rc11.
--
--
E)iscnscs.
----------
Cnt;rneous, ... ...
Di;rrrl~aen , ..........................
...............
Fevers, {
liemiltertt ,
I r ~t c r ~~~i t . t c r ~t , ...... 1
Tl~orncic i r~fl nrn~ni i t i o~~, .........
I l l ~e~~nl i r t i s n~ , ...........................
,IJlccrs, .............................
\~' 0llllil~, ...........................
Other tlisct~ses, .....................
----
, >
l ~ l i t l , ............
6
1
...
3
1
1
5
1
......
(i
3
1
!)
-
88
...
...
...
1
1
!?
......
I
1
1 1 1 3
- -
Ili 1 36
I
!I I 9
-
62 1 I P I
No. 3.--I~'aiiyi! of liic T h m o m e l e ~ d,/triny 1838-39. PO?.
the Monl h of De c . 1938.
( 1) l' hc r:IItqe of tlle Tl ~e r n r o ~~~e t e r wnfi Icept inside n smirll 12 feet
square Hill-tent, with 2 Hies (roofs) i ~ u t only o ~ ~ e set of Qu n i ~t s (\\ri~lls).
Tile diRerence between this tent i ~n d :r S~~billtern' s bi~~gle-poled-tcrit
(14 feel sqni~rr,) gave a lo\\.er ten~l, erature of a1)ont 5 to H tlcgrees.
At C;~~ltl;ll~nr we usetl Tutlics in the n~ont l l s of i\l;ly i11lc1 J u l ~ e , 1839.
l' he tents of t he sick were abolrt B degrees Ilotter tll~un t he I~ill-tents ;
hilt tile Eurolrean sick were qnnrtered i n mud houses, i n nll~ich t he tcnl-
l ~enl t ur e was retlnced 18 t o 20 degrees below lllnt in ;I Irill-tcnt.
At Bomecnn, on the Feu. 18.10, the colcl w;ls excessive, heing l o0 belolv
, y p ) - ~ , for several nlornil~gs, and t he mnximum tcnlperi~ture ; ~t noon \\,~IY 150
to 20 of the thermolneter ia t hc sllacle, I n the forts, tllere, \\,it11 11 goo11
fire raised to $0'. ' ~ I I c Goorlch;~ Bi~ttn. had lost 30 IIICII s i ~ ~ c e t hei r :1rriv:11
tllere. But Jellali~bad, betwecn Citbool and Peshi~\vor, offerecl this year
4
the most cl~rioils fact as t o tcmperntnre. 011 t he 6th Jiunutlry, 18fb0, tile
thermometer stood at 28' at sih?u.isc, n?ld at D2O 111 2: I*. AT. in LAC oprn ai r;
being a diijicre~~cc of 6,1a rlty~ces, n vilrii~tion greater tlmn reported f r o n ~ any
other stiltion in Affgllanistsl~. Jel1aI;rl)ird anntl I<i~.jy;v ar e t he most trying
si t ~~at i ons for troops, European or native. Thei r r el ~cf would, consel
quently, b0 dcsirlrblc.
Plilces.
,
5
U
C
0
0
FI 0
I?
A
#
3
%
F
$2
2
- C)
c
L-(
Bhir~rulpoor,
l t c~i ~i ~rI{s. (1)
-_I---
I(:(?: it1c11 thick.
A colt1 ~vcsterly \ivind ilncl I I C ; I \ ' ~
cloncls, succeel l i ~~g t o t l ~ e Ilcilt
of tile n~orning.
Ditfcr.
--
31)
n
P. 31.
S4
18ssi l . & 5
1)ec.
__
18
A. er.
_-
15
19
PO
21
22
83
93.
2;
26
27
08
29
30
31
~16
4s
48
5:3
63
50
31,
51.
54.
4.0
50
50
50
S l 39
SII SS
8fj
SO
80
7 0
70
66
To
70
9
fit3
(is
38
27
27
20
36
12
I 8
30
IH
IF)
1s
No. 3.-Con2.itt~red.
2
3
4
6
G
7
R
1 6 6
4.6
4.0
34
4s
4+, h
1.a
43g
1 G
17
18
19
20
21
99
23
2.1
96
26
07
28
- -
(is
GO
GO
60
GO
71.
7 1.
HO
13
1 b
1.1.
21;
12
30
30
36
20
I S
4.0
38
36
36
344
4.0
4 ~ 0
22
3s
33
30
$0
5 &
40
3 3
44
38
38
37
$4
88
48
4#7
60
- - - -
70
72
40
7fi
90
7.1.
74
79
8 l
78
7%
40
80
No. 3.- Co)z,liwued.
Very close nntl clorltlg.
l{nir~ poul.etl i l l 1 night, nl ~d
i k t ,I* J\ . 31. l ~c:~~, i l jr.
A q ~ l e of ~rir~tl, :ultl some
IIL'II\.). sllo\\,t!rs rl~~ririg tile
~ ~ i g l ~ t . Coltl co~~sideral~le.
3l;lny tents ~ I U I P I I d0\\-11.
\ \ r i ~ ~ ( l N. \\'. i~rrtl cold.
1<llclll:lk,
Il!~tlcrwyu.
Hplculzy e.
I<ojlilc I'ass.
C ~ I J I I I I J ~ Cllo-
Icee.
Duodee Goo-
Heavy wi n irt night.
The \ve:~tl~er cleirred 11p in
the rnorni~~g. In the
evening n strong girle,
wit11 heavy ri ~i r~.
Cold clear shy nnd wi11t1.
3 P. nr. bleak wind ;bitter
cold all nigllt, and stronk
wind.
Close clol~tly ni ar~~i ng.
No. 3.-Cont.in?cctl.
i l l violent rto~*nl of wi nd s t
night.
\ , \ ' ei ~t l ~e~- gutting rnore op-
/
pressi ve every dily.
A gi ~l e of wind from S. 11'.
\r, iL11 clor~cis of (lust ; but
cool in the n~itltllc of thc
ICdlay'\rrind from S. IV'.
cloudy-thre:rtc~iing w i l l .
Strong S. \V. winds and
hei ~vy ~1011tls.
No. 3,-Co?bll:.il2lclZ.
-
-- --
I ' I ~I ~Ps .
1 Al ti - 18391 b & 5 i 3
t ~~t l os. June A . ar, l ~ . E.
i I
Itemnrlts.
-4 close 11cn\.y nto~osphere.
At nigllt n giilc of hot
willd.
Strong ii'ir~ll iultl clnlltly.
\'rl.y cf~i l l y ci ~rf y i n t l ~ e
~norl ~i l l g.
11 very \irilidy hot titry.
A gj ~l c of I~ot \ vi l l t l irll t l ; ~ ) r
\\it11 cloutln.
A t 9 n, ar. !)on. Noo11 9s0. In
t11c SI I I I l!2ho, IioL \\, i~itl
;it night.
Do. W( ~on l oOO.
I 0 A. >I. LOV'.
: \ l i ~ x i m~ ~ n~ 1 lo", h l i r ~ i l ~ ~ u l ~ 52". A10i1n t i l o.
No. 3.--Cfinli~iz~ed.
Zbr t he Mont f ~ of July, 1839.
----
Teerunda&,
Jogt l ul r ~I ~,
Iihelat-i-
Ghiljie,
Sir-i-usp,
l'nzee Nou-
ruk,
Taxee,
Sl l uft d, .
Cl ~i ~sma-I-
Sllndee,
Punguk,
Ghojan,
&luk00r,
Obn,
Jumrood,
bll~sheelcee,
Arghistnn,
Nan~iee,
Ghuxnee,
Sl~usl~gno,
P. ar.
100
100
102
100
9 8
96
93 9 3
90
96
97
93
0%
87
87
92
93
9 1
9 3
9 4
9:t
9 2
9-i.
90
9 2
9 3
90
9 2
9Q
86
DiRer.
30
32
26
38
36
(2) Gulldi Sllere Pass, estiinirted 9,000 feet.
88
Minimum
Relnnrlts.
------
reat at clliil~ge in t he t e n ~-
pcr i ~t ur e uf l ~i cl ~ illcreased
much towiirtls dnwll.
A gnle of hot wiliil blew al l
niglit. A hot nl i ~rch.
ti, L i
a. nr.
70
G4
76
62
62
72
72
70
62
60
68
70
ti6
64
56
60
62
66
66
611
6Y
66
56
58
68
68
62
58
60
62
rllti-
tudes.
.t,829
8,396
8,773
5,973
6,136
6,321
6,614
6,668
6,810
7,068
7,091
7,325
7,926
7,309
7,502
7,420
7,726
(2)
1 8
36
G2O.
62
-
(11139'
July
1
2
3
8
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
16
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
21.
25
26
27
24
29
30
I I I I RRP~: L, 8,410
Mi~ximum
l i i r~y \ve:rtliey.
At I A. 31. ill open air IaiO.
Cold S. willd lid cool
nigllt.
Mean 770'
31
102O.
21. l A cpld, totting, breeao
s p ~ u n g lip 011 t he mnrel ~.
23 i
29
36
39
23
27
23
31
32
31
25
27
2G
26
2G
39
32
35
36
28
34
30
21
93' noon. 'l'l~ontler, coolet1
a t n ~o a ~~l ~c r e .
1-Je;rvg cloutls i ~nd wi ~i d.
SLrollg g11st.s of wil~d, heavy
clouds-evening cool.
I n the sun 12 t o2 i..ar. 1 lo0.
After 3 1.. a. I~e:r\~y g:de
of wind end clouds.
Herivy rail] iri tllc n~icldlc
of t he rligl~t.
close (lily with distant
tliuritler.
'I'he wind coltl, a~i dchi l l i ng,
' I' l~undcrstorrn in t l ~ e night,
I I I K ~ light r ; ~i l ~.
Ditto ditto, ligl~t, ~liirg and
Fiiill ill the everlir~g.
b furious wind iill dny, \\,it11
1Tblln(ler a l o n ~ ~ nf'tcr 3 n. 31.
j
a,hicll reduced it to filiO.
gale of ivirid ill the eren-
1ng.
gnle of win11 :dl lrigl~t,
redr~cing temperature
licxt ~norning.
I-leavy gnle, and some rnin
cluring the night.
'I'hunder, lightr~ing, nnd
wind, and s l ~nr p rain
ilfter 3 P. nI.
'I'hunder, rein, and N. W.
wind,succeeded by damp-
ness rtll night.
clouds, some penks
covered wit11 snow.
Great mist, nnd rnwness
in the i ~t rnosphe~e. Snd-
tien gusts ot wind fi -o~r~
opposite (lirections, nnd
l~itzy weether.
I\ fog A, nr. Henvy gusts of
wind, almost blowing
down t he tents, and hazy
a e ~ ~ t l ~ e r .
!Heavy gale of wind till 11
I P. M.
High \vinds, and n~i s t .
The thernlo~neter often 9G0 in n single-poled tent nt Candnl~nr, during
, this month.
a
Maxi ~~l um 98O. h.linin~um 460. hlenn 720.
I
i
No. 3.--Conli1uced,
lib). the Montlr of Scplevahe~., 1839.
temt~erntnre.
-
81. 30 Cold N. \V. \rinds. Snow
YG 33 nlelted during tho day.
88 32 \Vil~ds from E. with sultry
lulls--close ni gl ~t gale of
wind and thunder.
- - - I - - - ----
0,3951 11 i8 BY PI
-.
' I' l~e gale nll night, coolod
the ntrnosphere.
Heavy rnin, and strong
gill03 of \rind.
Hcavy wil~ds, and deep fi ~l l
of snow on themountains.
' rho snow di s; ~p )e;~red ' l' l~e
ni~tiveaa;~id tka l a t b d e a
caosed by the cllnr~go of
t he moon.
11 gale of wind wit11 t l ~ e
setting sun, ant1 lasted
best pirrt of the night.
A Ileaivy galc of wind from
N. E. lifter 3 P. BI.
21 GO
I
h gnle of \rind and clouds
ill t he e \.enir~g.
' A cool sonlnler breezo.
Fr esl ~ breeze nt duslr.
Strong rvind nt ni al ~t .
681 01.
-
00 3(; Bli~cli clouds and higll\c,inds
801 18 Henvy clo~lds, wind, irnd
1 s l i ~ l ~ t rain.
83
84
I(i
itt to di t t o nnd strong gnle
of \c,ind all ni pl ~t .
16 Ditto ditto a~ldwind. Hea-
vy fnll of s ~ ~ o \ v on tlio
inountnins obscuriug the
sun. ' I' l~e lligl~ost penlts
covered with snow; 1111
da r k~~e s s helow.
I 6 , 79 PI Strong ivir~(l ill the evening,
;ind ni gl ~t .
29 60 29 'I'lle hut unl n arrived.
78,
39
A gale of win(\ t'1-on1 1. 1.. 31.
till 11 P. nr. elmost blear
the t ent s down.
' ~' l l e tllel.nl,,moter oft en 960 in
sinale-poled t ent a t Calidtlhilr, (iurilli:
- -
t l ~ i ~ month.
Al ar i mu~n 900. hl i ~~i murn 50. ~ 1 ~ ~ 1 ~ 70'.
23
88
Clor~ds i ~nd strong g~l oa .
Heavy cloucls, wit11 ;I gale
of wind. Snorv fell on
the n~o~ultnins, lo~verirlp
No. 3.-Contiwued.
hInximum 02'. Minimum 30'. Mean GI0.
. . . (3) 'I'ezeen Puss, 8,173.
For
I
P'aces.
- _ _
C;lbool,
Boot Kl ~a k,
IO~oord Cn-
bool,
Tezeen Val-
ley,
Bnreek-ab,
Jugtlt~luk,
Soorkh-eb,
G~u~d; ~mul i ,
Futelt-ab,
Sl~ltanpoor,
Jellalirb:~cl,
Alee Bogl~nn,
Bnreelr-irb,
BassooI,
- .
Alti-
tatles.
6,396
6,297
7,466
(3)
6,488
5,313
6,376
4,373
4,616
3,008
2,280
1,964
1,911
1,822
1,609
October,
32
30
30
28
2G
2 3
28
38
SO:
30
2Y
24
240
20
28
30
26
24
18
460
22
21
28
36
38
38
3 8
36
32
34.
oj'
3
P. nr.
- -
82
80
80
78
76
73
70
68
72
76
70
68
72
72
68
61,
GG
76
72
72
80
78
76
RO
90
92
92
92
92
88
H8
the Month I 839.
Ren~nrlis.
- -
Fine t en~perut e weather.
A gnle of wind, half t he
night.
Gnles of wind.
A heavy giilC. of wind i n
t he ni h t .
A N. h. ~vind, cold a t
night 64'.
A. hl. Ice outside ;: inch
thick, br : ~ci t ~g we;~tlier,
and cle:tr sky.
Pine wentl~er, bracing colcl.
A. M. ext ren~el y cold.
Ice o~ltsitlo t he t ent .
I-Ienajr clot~rls in eveningy 9
nnd colt1 E, nind, tl~roii-
tening :I snow storm.
Cl~trr~ge to \tr:lr:n and close
nroi ~t l ~er.
bItist have been below zero
all night. ' rho w: ~t er
bags Jtitving nothing bl:t
ice in t11e11l. Cold in-
tense ill t he Pnss,piercing
E. S, J3. wind.
A chnngc of wind clispersed
the frost.
During t11c mnrcl ~ t he n.ind
cl ~nt ~ged from S. to N.,
and fl'oze t he ntiiter.
a
At 42 min. pnst 3 P. ar. 8
distinct shocks of an
enrtllqualie, preceded by
x r~lmbling noise.
1839
Oct.
1
4
3
4
6
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
16
16
17
18
I D
20
21
22
23
21.
26
2G
27
28
29
30
31
44 & 5
r . 31.
50
60
50
50
4tl
4+7
47
40
40
40
10
40
4.8
48
44,
36
30
60
48
68
40
66
64
52
64
6 1
54
54
56
6G
64
No. 3,-Conti9zuad
1 % ~ the Month of November, 1839.
Attok,
Cllirnge 11nrtly owing to
elevntion, sncl pnrtly t o
clamp gronilcl sarcl~arged
wi t h Soilir.
A cllr~ngeof wind.
I-Ienvp clouds; i~tniospl~ere
close 2nd Iln7,y.
1-1eavy clollcls and slight
rain-no cloecls at nigllt.
A fine cleitr morning.
Hensy c l o ~ ~ d s t l ~ r e i ~ t c ~ l ing
rain. Heirvy cloltds all
11igllt.
It4:1xinium 92'. RIinimu~ii 38". hTenn 62)'.
(4)
The summit of the Pnss, 3,313.
2i pper~ dix.
No. 3.-Continued.
For the Jfonth oJ* Deceynber, 1839.
--
Rotn,irlts.
___------
'I'h cold severe, wentller r;itllar
cloudy.
tleirvy clouds.
A cold N. \V. wind.
Clolldy nnd thrcnlcning rairt.
I n open nir 22" 5 A. nr. ; 56' at 8;
A. 11.
Cloudy mornirlg.
Very cold on the march.
Honr frost.
Hcavy cl 1~ud5 t l ~ r c ~ ~ t c n i ~ ~ g rail)
3 . nl cnl ~ 50 .
P'accs'
l l naul Pill-
dee,
Rl ~ot ~i s,
Jhoelurn,
Cltennh,
Rnvcc,
fi~ltl~rj,
RIl~rimuul 8%'. 1 i i 1 1
1830
Dec.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
1 4
16
16
17
I8
I9
20
21
22
23
240
25
26
27
28
30
I 31
Differ,
36
41
24
26
38
34
36
33
32
38
32
26
38
41
26
32
36
38
40
34
34
37
40
32
20
30
30
31
7 5 3 5
31
38
4 t!k 5
A. r.1,
_ _
36
3b
40
48
36
48
38
4~2
48
38
40
38
30
32
42
40
4-0
38
38
38
38
38
36
36
44
'1.0
40
2 9 4 0
4 4
3r1
3
P, 31.
72
7.5
64
76
71.
82
74
75
80
76
72
64
68
73
68
72
76
76
78
79
72
76
76
68
64
70
70
75
75
7b
-
Sun-
rise.
-
GG
6.i.
63
5 5
64
6 0
G4
64
G3
61
G 1
6 1
G5
G7
66
6G
67
G8
5G
54
53
55
52
53
49
49
52
55
56
65
56
No. 3.-Conlinued.
Reyisler of l'hcvmon,eter at Quutta.
f i r the Mo?ilhs qf May and Jlnie, 1839,
rise. 11, n.
--
47 94
50 96
63 95
G5 94
G6 94
\\il)(I.
--
N. \V.
clilto.
tlitto.
tlitto.
ditto.
ditto.
ditlo.
ditto.
ditto.
p ! . tv. &
S. E.
ditto.
ditto.
Vprieble..
ditto.
N. \V.
dltt0.
tlilto.
N. W. &
S. E.
ditto.
ditto.
ditto.
ditto.
clitto.
ditto.
S. E.
S. E. k
N. W.
N. 1%'. s;
S. E.
ditto.
h'. \v.
S. E. &
N. \Y.
For I I L ~ &fo,tths of July and A,ugust, 1839.
1839
Jt~l y.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
22 Variable.
21 litt to.
24 ,litto.
22 S.&N. I\'
24 tlitto.
22 ditto.
20 S .
6 ditto.
33 ditto.
25 N. W.
33 ditto.
32 W.
26 litt to.
31 ditto.
36 Variable.
30 ditto.
30 s.
11 ditto.
27 Vurinble.
20 ditto.
32 N. W.
32 d~tto.
34 ditto.
32 clitto.
30 ditto.
27 ditto.
20 \Titriable.
30 N. \V.
31 ditto.
32 /ditto.
39 ditto.
I
SUII-
rise.
--
70
72
69
71
69
70
68
67
59
68
61
62
66
60
56
62
G5
68
65
64
60
62
62
64
66
68
68
64
62
62
62
\
&Inximom 96. k'ini~nam 56. il111xi1num 97. n'litlinluln 53.
Meau 76, hlcan 78.
I
Wind.
--
U' .
clitlo.
tlit'o.
cfitto.
ditto.
N. W.
S.
W.
clitto.
ditto.
ditto.
Vs~riable.
litt to.
N. W.
N. W. &.
S
I V .
N. W.
Variable.
W.
ditto.
ditto.
ditto.
Varinble.
ilitto.
ditto.
ditto.
clitlo.
ditto.
ditto.
ditto.
ditto.
No. 3. -Conlkued.
Regislev of Tit e~montetei. at Quedln.
For the lMonth of Sepdenznzbe~, 1839.
---A-
29 Vnrinble.
27 tlitto.
25 \IT.
36 ditto.
42 Vnrinble.
40 ditto.
32 IS.
28 S. b S. CV.
32 W. & S,
31 N. W.
30 \V.
31 ditto.
31 ditto.
35 ditto.
37 ditto.
39 N. W.
37 ditto.
38 ditto.
39 ditto.
40 ditto.
40 \Y.
29 N. Mr.
30 ditto.
filaximum 91. RIinimun 42. Mcnn 664.
N. B. The Table for October mas lost nt I<bclnt. I t wo ~ ~ l d give a lower
tuH:l)erature thml that in September,
. .... .- .- .- ..-.-
................. S~ m, ~ n r o o n ,
Dadur, ......................
... gol ~un 1>eli111, (I3olan Pass,)
............. Gnrn~. al~, (ditto,)
........ Uecbee Nancc, (cliuo,)
............ A hi.goom, (ditto,)
........... Sir.i.Uolan, (ditto, )
.... Nunzilyah, (out of Pnss, )
1
........ l ) us l ~t . ~~edool ut , .. J
QUEWAII, .....................
Ilyrlerzye, ...................
................... Ilvkulzve,
Hi l t in kliojuk Pass . Foot ofmai
asccnt, ........... , .........
....... Sl~nimit of Kliojuk Pass,
....... C~ I I I I I ~ I I ~ , (in tlw valley,)
............. D~lnclee Goolaec,
............. Quilln F~~ttoolah,
................ '1'1lkI1t.-i-l'ool,.
............... IChoosh.nb, ... ,
CANI J ~WI I R, ....................
.......... ...... Quilla hzeenr, ,
......... 'I'l~rnuk, (29th .lone, ) ,
.................. Shul~r.i.Si~flB,
'I'cerundaz, ...................
.Julduk, ......................
.............. I~I~elat.i.GIriljic,
. SII..~.IIJP, .................... ,
................ Il'nzee 9 oorook,
l'azcn .........................
Sllllfrul, ......................
............. Cl~usn~.i.Slladec,
.......... I'ungnk, (12th .laly, )
...................... Gojhan,
.................... Xlookl~loor,
0 ba, ..........................
............ Jumri~t, (Jnn~rood, )
AIahsl~oukec ................... ,
lirguttoo, ......................
Near Nance, ..................
GIIBZSER, ...................
Guntl-i-Sl~er Pass, (cstitnnted, ) . .
Sl~~~sllgao, ....................
Nnftasyn, ....................
............ . .. Hyder Khcl, , ,
Shakabad, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
.. ......... Quitla Sir hlahumed, ,
. . . . . . . . . hlydnn, .......... , ,
tJd1undet1, ....................
FCCL . 1 Places .
I
I
1. 001
I. 695
2. 640
4. 494
5. 793
5. 637
5. 259
5. 063
6. 040
7. 457
6. 677
4. 036
7;473 main ascent. .................
0. 051 Summit of t l ~c greater Bralc P.M.
7. 747 (Here we csnie on our first routc
3. 945
4. 418
4. GI0
4. 829
6. 396
5. 77.1
5. 973
6. 13li
(i. 321
G. 514
6. ljG0
ti. 010
7. 068
7. 091
7. 325
7. 426
7. 309
7. 502
7. 420
7. 726
9. 000
8. 697
8. 420
7.637
I<huord Cd~ool. ................
.................. Tezccn Pass.
................ .. Valley.
Rarcck.ab. ....................
.111gd11lluk. ...................
.................... Soorltl~.ab.
Gundamuk. ...................
.................... Ynttcl~abad.
.................... Sultanpaor.
..................
JKI.LALALI~LI.
Ali Doghar. ....................
.................... Uarcek.nb.
................... Uussoolal~.
.................... Ldpooral~.
7. 466
8. 173
0. 480
5. 313
6. 375
4. 373
4. 616
3. 098
2.286
1. 964
1. 911
Ill22
1:509
1. 404
3. 9101 Lumlee Khnna. ( ICl~yber Pass.) . .
3. 630 Suimnit of l'ilss. ..............
.............. . 3. 484 W of Ali i\lusjiil.
...................... 3.484 I .lun~rootl
.................... l'esrrnwin.
.... Yu~n~nit of Kl~uki Sufed Puss.
I<ot.i.Ashraf. (Mytlan Valley .) . .
Sir.i.Cl~ushm. (I-lcarl of Cabool
......................
river. )
Foot of main ascent of OonnycPass.
........ Sum~nit of C)onliyc Pass.
.................... l'ounrt. ..
................ Hclmund river.
........ Iinll in Siah Sung ILiver.
...................... Kurzar.
I'ootofmainascent of Ilajcc Guk.
.... S~~rnnlit of IIajee Guk Pass.
...................... Kulloo.
...... Sooktnr. or I{ulloo River.
........ Summit of I(nlloo Pass.
.................... Topcl~ec.
................... lhrnccnn.
Zohawk at junction of I<ulloo and
.............. Hnmeean Rivcr.
Lcssc~ . Ernk Pass. (very sleep.) . .
Erak .Valley. upper end of colti-
vation. ......................
Halt in Erak Xuviue . wa r rout ofr
2. 488
3. 373
2. 433
1. 670
1. 008
0. 670
7.7 40
0. 831;
10. 522
11. 320
10. 6lU
10. 076
10. 488
10> 39
11. 370
12.100
10. 063
9. t30
12. 401
9. 085
0. 406
0. 106
9. 166
8. 914
Appm dix .
75
KO. 5.-Guns, and O)sLatrcr Stores, atrd Gjeain, cnplured n l
Ghtlz?zee on the 23rd July ;-at Arglct~ndee ola the Ist, and at
CaBoolon 4th August ; a r ~ d near Jedlalabad. Bp Lieut.-Col.
Wade.
-
I
Brnss Guns. Iron Guns. 1
Glluznee.
----
'i'%kcn i n the Fort o n
-
SIl0l.
-- - - -. . - - . -
*
Balls, Cartridyes, Port-$res, Blue lights, &c.
--.
?'l~ere were 39 horses sulocted for the public service, I>y a comn~ittee,
for t.he 1-1. A. and Dri~gool~s.
--
-- -
(1) Cnrringe and limbera-the large Glrn, ir carriage.
(2) B:ilIfi Icaden R'I~lsketry o f sizes 4,146.
( 3) Sllovels 42 ; Picks 14; 11.on Axle I ; Cglilldors 15; Copper Cnol-
drons 9. Follocs, wl~cel, rough 10 ; Cow-l~ides 9 ; I,itski~lg (pieces 12)
ytrds 200; Line-Cotton t e nt wliile 60 lbs. ; Oil (couritrp) Gnllons 1.5;
St eol prd 1 ; \\:hrels 2 ; \Yood for cllilrcoal 60 cwt. ; Iron 60 Ibs.
6
C
Y
IL-
1308
Ibs.
*
d
a
n .J
I.
Eg
a
- -
60
$
J
2304
Ibs.
TI 6
52
-9 -
3 2
pi
238 (3)
d
2
a
67
ui
T
E c 3
50
k aJ
7 ai
22,012
d
Y
0)
C
a " " O W r / )
12
No. 5.-Codinzred,
Grnin Cuplzi?.ed at Ghztcnce and taken bp tlte (;'brn~tzissuriat
f o ~ the rc.re of tlse avnzy.
d. i i
m 0
m 0
-
0
P E a e
79,080 1 36$7:0 74,000 3520 57,760 Os GO
11)s. I ~ S . I I I R. I ~ S . I ~ S . (4)
Gulls, $c. tctken at Argl~undee on tlie 4th A.uqus1, 1839.
-
-
Brass.
I
Iron.
I
Glens, &c, taken at Cabool on tAe 41A A.ugusl, 1839.
............................... Guns B?HSS Q. Pr. , Cnrringes, kc. C
Guns l at en new .lellalabad.
(4) Rice 288 lbs. ; Sirlt 32 Ibs. ; R;~isins 160 lbs.
(5) Gun Cnrrittges 20. Lirnbers lG. Iron Axletrees lo&. Wooden
yokes 27. Cit~n-Ctirl.inge bodies 7. Do. \vl~eels 8. Do. Block-wheel 1.
Collars and liariless 94. Saddles 9. lufi~iitry yo~lclies 60. 1-lorse-
traces 76. Sponges 7. Anin~n. boxes 18. Pn11-tents 5. Driiuglit bul- 1
locks 139. Powclei. destroyed (by nccider~tnl explosion, otving to soma
men smolciny ncnv the spot) nboot 300 lbs. N. H. Two of tlie guns wore
founclin s housc riot far from whoro the other 23 g.1111~ wore piirlted.
No. 8.-Loss of PitBZic crnd hired (, ' (~t/lc
t 7~c Bengal Colunzla
'' ATI)I y ~f t11 e I?z d~is."
Tot al Cn\'nlry I Public
camels
iiicd,
---
I - i --I--- I I - I -
1'111)lic
cnmels,
i~hal~doncil,
strayed,
stolen, kc.
- --.- - -__.)____--L- --
Total, .... 1 6,153, B, x~. )~ ~ ~ , B O O / 1,1161 621
ITron~ No\r. 1839 to
Doc. 1339, botl~
incllldctl, ......
Add for Gun ci~~uels,
(Rhagrcc,) . . . . . .
Add for Loss of Re-
wnrce or l~irccl
ci1111c11, . . . . . . . . . .
N. H, I cannot estimate the loss of liired camels at; less t hnn
10,983. The Uy. Corny. General said, t he loss of cnmels by Govern-
ment, including the hired czn~els, could not be less t han from 25 t o
30,000, (all the returns not yet collected ;) but I believe Ire includcd
both the Bombay RS wcll as Bengnl Column. The Bombay Col umn
WRS supplied with 7,266 camels by the Rengal Commissariat up to the
time of their leaving Cabool. ( 1 )
....... The value of the public camels at 70 rupecs, (& 7). 63, 119
Ditto Rew~r ee ditto, ditto 25, (2). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27, 457
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ditto Ilorses at medium value 425 rupees, 48, 705
Ditto 105 Train Bulloclcs, at 30 rnpees, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 86
Ditto 326 (3) llacltery Bullocks, at 20 rupces, . . . . . . . . , . 653
For Bengal Col umn, 6 140, 5 18
6,109
(1) Grnin of sorts, more than 4*0,000 n ~ n i ~ l ~ d s (3,200,000 lls.) and
ti,Tb9 gallons of Rurn.
(2) Governn~ent pnicl n nlolrlhly lrire, and on proof of tlrc do:rL11 of i~
camel 25 rupccs rvcru paid to the owllor.
(3) Hirecl by Govcr~inicnt..
2 8 -
,I I. , $
J)
8,973
1.4
10,983
,,
,,
1 196 326
No. 8.-G'onti~iued.
Loss of Cattle, 4c. by Oflcers and Men in the Benyal Column
from Nov. 1838 to Oct. 1839, ( 4) Arnzy of the Indz~s.
Corps snd Degartmcnls.
E
(4) Up to October, 1830.
(5)
Ol~ly obtninecl from one sqt~ndron and estimated for the otl~er 3.
(6) Of only 3 oat of 8 ltcssal~shs.
(7) They lost the greater pnrt of their bedding; and nearly nll their propcrty
not carried in tl~eir koupsncks.
(8) ICillcd in nctiot~, Sir, W. 11. Macnagl~ten's two elcpl~nl~ls wcrc ct~rried
om; LieuL-Colonel Wl~eelcr I~nd two clcpl~ants; \vc had ~\,itll the army only
fivc elepl~n~lls.
(9) Did not mnrcl~ bcyond Qucth~ till S~ptcmbcr, 1830.
_ - _ _ I _
........................ Genernl Stan;.
................. Cavnlry13rignrletlitto ,
................... Infnnlry ditto ditto,
.................. 2ndT 211dB.,I.I.A
............ 11. M.;: 16th Lancers, (5)
................... 2nd Light Cnvnlry,
......................... By the men,
.................... 3rd Light Cnvt~lry,.
....................... By the men, b . .
..................... 4th Locnl IIorse,
...................... By the men, (6).
........................... Artillery,
........... 1-1. M.'s 13th Light Infnntry,
......................... By the men,
...... 1st I3engnl Ellropean Regiment,
...................... By the men, (7).
37111 Native lafantry, ...............
By the men, ......................
42nd Native Inf~antry, (9). ..............
......................... By the men,
43rd Native Infantry, (9) ...............
......................... By the men,
48th Native Infuntry, .................
- - - -
Totnl,. . . .
I _ -
Total, .......
..,
I
(8)
3 (8)
58
2
48
26
250
25
7
105
46
25
30
29
129
33
112
69
100'
513
98
150
46
96
40
1585
20
3b
4
1
50
35
4
4
12
1
30
99
71
52
1.1
10
40
5
29
10
465
2,050
- - __- - we
2
1
...
2
...
...
2
. . . . . .
1
...
7
2
2
...
_ _ - - _ _ - -
20
_ . _ I _ _ - -
5
2
I . . .
100
3
......
5
2
I
56
2
...
. . .
2
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
178
..
9
. . . . . . . . . . . .
1
30
...
4
11
1
...
29
......
...
............
5
............
......
.........
3
. . . . . . . . . . . .
113
. . . . . . . . . . . .
1
...
2
4
1
...
8
...
1;
11
3
31.
17.;
2
1;
...
53;: '
No. 8.-Continued.
N. B. I hnve no return from the Enginccl.s, 31st N. I., nor I'roln t he Silnll's
force, rind the losses of the met, in 4 corps are not given. If \\,c trllow for these
omissio~~s, 1 should estimate the loss of Camels, at 2,500 for the Berly CoI~n' ' 1
nnd Shah's force.
.......................... b l u e of 2,500 Camels nt 70 rupees,
x17,500
Ditto 20 IIorses nt 400 rupees,
800
................................
Ditto 178 Ponies or Ynboos at 40 rup~es, -
7 1 2
.....................
Ditto 83 Bullocks at 30 rupees,
240
..............................
................ Ditto 534 Tenb (Inrge nnd small) at 250 rupees,
1,331
Add 3 Elcphnnts nt 1,000 rupees,
300
............................
21, 092
But, ns before explained, the full return has not been furnished me.
Tllcre arc 3 nionlhs more to be included, (Oct. Nov. rind De c .
1839.) Many Olliccrs lost property of value, not included i n t h e
columns; Llle losses of the clotlles, kc. of the men are to be added :
-Ilence, including the Shah's force, I estimate our loss at, ......... 50, 000
No. 8.-Continued.
Loss qf Cattle, gc, by eficevs and Men in Me Bonrbny CoJ16ru n
.
C' Army of the Itidus." (10)
N. B. There is no return for tlie 1st Ligllt Cnvnlry or Pooonli Ilorse. Tile
losscs of the meti i ~r several corps not stu~ctl. I slrould, tlrercfore, estimate tlre
loss of Canlcls nt 800.
Value of 800 Camels, nt 90 rupees, (11). ........................ 7,200
Ditto 9 I.Iorses, nt 400 rupees,. ................................. 360
................................. Ditto 86 Ponics, at 40 t.l~pccs,. 344
................................ Ditto 1 9 Bulloclts, a1 30 rupees, 57
Ditto 18 Tents, at 250 riipees, .................................. 450
---
.8,4 11
For tlre snnle renson os assigned in regnrd to the Bengnl Column,
................................ I would estimate thc loss at,.
.20,000
_ _ I - - - - _ . I _ - -
General Statf, ..........................
Sti11T 1st Inftrntry Brigade,. ...............
E~rgi~ieers ,............................
Artillery, ..............................
Wing. 11. N.'s 4th L. I)., ................
2nd Queen's Royal Regimcnt of Foot, ......
By tile Wen, ..........................
11. PUI.'s 17tii Foot,. .....................
19th Native I nhnt r y, . ...................
By tlie Men, ..........................
... Total,.
(1 0)
Only up to n~iclclle of Sel)te~rrber, 1830.
( I 1)
Solne Ofiicers grtse 150 rupees for tach clunel.
.;
1
I
..
.I
. .
2
3
1
.... Totn1,
m a a @ x o
E S
'7.1
5
2
68
63
76
3.1
57
58
96
533
.
w g
2 %
20
2
1
10
27
22
31
1 3
6
132
C ;
g g
.-o
S Z " $
8
2
28
1 7
5
. . . . . . . . . .
7
17
---.---
9 ' 86
------
665 I 0 1 06
5
2
..
2 . .
..
7
2
6
4
. . . . . . . .
.
. g
;t:
?.
. . . .
. .
1
3
21
8
3
19
I 9
18
18
No. 8.- Conti?tucd.
Recn~~ilubation oj' t he loss of aninaals, and t l ~ci r value,
W. R. Rlnkiag n tolnl loss of 32,483 nnimnls, which mny be called io round
ti~tmhcrs 33,000 in nn nrrny of about 13,000 llreli including the corps left at
Quettn; nnd without including nny of tlie corps left in Sindh.
Tlre vnh~e lost by Government,. .............................. .140,5 10
Add 410 llorses, (Trbie No. 1,) Bombny Column, tnediurn price
450 rupees, (16) ........................................ 17,810
Loss of officers nl ~d men, Bengnl Column, ...................... 50,000
.................................... Ditto ditto I3onibny ditto, 20,000
7
Aggregnte amount,. .. ,228,320
-
..................................
\Vllicll in roond number; is,
229,000
Tllis is one brnnch of the expense of the expeditioi~. The rest is comprised
ill tile estra, or full bnttu to tlie Native Troops, the inoney rntions to them wl~ilc
servirlg beyond the Indus; (see p. 9,) nnd the diRerence between the feeding,
kc. troops in n cnntonnlctrt : and on a ~nnrcll in tr distant foreign country.
(12)
i. e. 20,000 for tlre Bengol Colurnn ; 6,700 for the Bombay ; ond our
Comnrissarint nctunlly furnished them with 7,266 camels.
(13)
1,146 Dengal Colu~nn ; nnd 274 (l'nble No. 1.)
Bombay Columll,
ilp to I5lh September, 1839.
(14) No return of. Some were lost.
( 1 )
No return of the Bombny public I3ullocks ; some died, kc.
(I(;)
At Bonlbay d~ey givc 500 and 450 rupees pcr horsc.
Public and prir-ntc losses.
I _ - - - - - - - -
Tl ~e G~\ ~e r ~l ~n e n t loss in hotlr Cohr~nns,.
0Ricc.l-s nnd IIICII in tllc Bex~glrl Colt~mt~,
ant1 Slrnll's Force, ................
Ditto Bornbny Colunrn, ................
... Tocnl,.
L
0
.
;,a
. s o 2
0-
zc
..
178
86
RI
-
2
W
. . .
4
v;
-
g
521
83
19
(19)
-
5
C
E"
(14)
534
18
-6" 3
.% &I
- -
2 s
2 ~ 9
$ 3
U
26,700
(12)
2,500
800
j
g
LC
1564
(13)
2 0
9
A .
Aon. i s. attempt lo n~; ~kc kin<. ......
........ A ~ . I I I ~ K %Y ~ - ~ , ~ I I O I I I I ~ I I I I C C I ' ~ .
I\DJL.T.+s.~. OI ' I I I C 13i1y. . . . . . . . . .
Auv. s ~ c ~ Gunr ~u. .... 06. 94. 117.
A~~. cr~nwl sr. \ zr. Espcilition. Ibrln;~-
tion of ....................
Object of i l . ................
Ant1 1\11pc.nrlis. ............
I'rcjr~tlices of pcoplc re~pect ed
Itcq1111 ( ~i ' t l ~e e ~~r c ~l i t i un. ......
Uisposilion of trnupa in 257
268. ......................
Troops r c t ~~r ne d fro~n. ........
......... St . i ~t ' a~l r oi nt cd. .2ii9.
.... War m cl ot l ~i r~g for troops.
...... Tlstra blanket t' o~~horses.
Stores i~lrlentcd for. ..........
.. Necessity Sor. tllc expedition.
A I I ~ I ~ ~ T > O O I I . nrrival at. ..........
AI I ~I I . I . SI I ~I I ' S ~ c i g r ~ . ............
AK.\I.EI(S. Si!ll~ fa~~i l t i cs. ...... 3U.
A LA 1131. false. .................
\<'lien sounded. ...........
...... A1.r A1 L ~ S J I D . capture of.
21!1.
Arrival at. ..................
........ Aonsns. rock of. position.
A.IIAIUNITIOY, sent with tlle arniy.
see 'Yal~le. No . 7 .
..... Sent svith e e c l ~ inan. .107.
...... Spare. 011 reverse flank.
.......... Ancri uwnr. ~, posilioii of.
.. AIIOIIK.. ancient c:ipital of Sindli.
Ar~als. Con~~i ~i l l e e on. ...........
A~IAIY 01 . J ~ u u s . Corps arrive nl
I< urnid. ..................
Rende~voos nl Berozpuor. ....
l.(eductioi~ of force. ..........
1 ts co~nponcnl perls. .........
............ Di.iposnblc force.
Rl n~cl i from Perozpoor. ......
Arrive a1 Dhuwolpc~or. ......
I<nler Sindh territory. ........
Arrivc! :it Ilohrcc on the Irltlos.
hl arch to lo\vcr Si r ~dl ~. ......
Return. treaty signed. ........
Cross tile bridge at Snkknr. ..
Sir J . l<eanc r~ppoinletl Conl-
rnantler.i~~.Clrief-11 cn. nr-
rn~lgculents. ..............
*
Eqnal pay. k c . to Dc ~ ~ g a l and
........... Uombny troops.
........ Arrive at Sl~iknrpoor.
...... RIarch f ~om Sl~iknrlrore.
Arrive at I h~dur . ............
.. larch tl~rough Helen 1?1 5s.
Arrive at (duetla. ............
Ilnlf rations. ................
Sir J . l<conc joins. ..........
.......... >[arc11 from Q~r cl t a.
Tile ICojnk Pnas. ............
.......... Arrive at Can~l.~Ilar.
........ n e t t . son1 lo Giri ..l~lr.
O~de r s f br ~i l ar cho~~Cal ~ool . 11 I .
..... net ur n of L'irisl~l; ])ell.,.
...... Pr e p; u. nt i ~~~~s for ~rliircl~.
...... ;\ln~.uli of Ilcrat nlission.
........ C;r:lin c o ~~v o y .rrrivc.c.
.... 'I'roolls left a1 Canrl.ll~ar.
...... i\larch from Cantlal~nr.
.... Arrivc at ICclat-i.Gl~iljie.
1211tcr Dnst AInho~nctl's coulitry.
Illcreased ralions. ............
O~rl crs for 1n;lrcll 011 Ghilznee.
I\[nrch on L'I~uzne?. ..........
Operations before it. .......
Cl ~enge g1011ntl to (:a11001 side.
.... Attack ])ear Sl1n11's camp.
Orders for storni ol ' t i l r ~r ~nce. ..
Stoi.111 of Gl ~nzncc. ..........
ti . 0 . r~l ' t l ~nnks. ............
l l cport of cl~icf Ensineer. ....
Obscrv i11io11s on ~heoper a~i ons.
............... L)espalclics.
... Captore of Ali illl~sjid. .219.
Porcc IcStat Gliuzncc. ........
Mission arrives at 11e1.nt.. .....
Order? f or ~~i ar ch fro~nt i hnznec.
........ i \ I ar cl ~ froru G1111znce.
1;li:hI and 1, ursuil of Dodt hl n-
I ~on~ed. ............... ?.!d.
Arriv:tl nt Col~ool. ..........
Wcsull ol' the cxlrcdition. ....
Uo111biny colonin leaves Cnbuol
.............. on its ret111.11.
'I'roops lo r e ~n; ~i n i u ~ d return. ..
Ort1el.s breakill!: up t l ~c Army of'
................ the Indtrs.
An~rl.l.l:ltu untlcr l:rigr . Steve~ison.
Atlv:~nt:~ge of the dctar:lr~i~cnt
.... systcnl of Iiorse artillery.
....... A1.ron. Urirlgc oflroats ut.
I.Ii~irlor, prej~xlice rcgnrdiug il.
Is ancient T. +XI LL. A. ..........
................ Auoon. death or.
(; rain 11enr nl-riot. ..........
I<ingls lave(!. ................
(:raps ranping. .......... 109.
Gar r i s o~~ Icl't at. 111. 112. 116 .
01-dcr of ~i i ar cl ~ from. ........
............ Bloncg spent at.
Staff lcft thcrc. .............
Cantlaliar described. .........
R[:~rcli fro~n. ................
Uattlc of (103.1). ............
Ca s ~ ~ z ~ n ~ s a . oHilr of to Uritisl~ GI]
................ vcrnnlcnt.
C.11.rl.rr. loss of. 8cc 'Pdblc ........
.. Scnt for wir~tur to J~.llal;lbnd.
CAV. ~I . I W, all under Genl . 'l'l~ack-
\veil. ....................
I)ismonnted ho\v nsed. ........
CIIF.XAR. cross river of. ..........
C I I ~ ~ I I . battle of. ................
Cn~as. caution in buying .........
COLOI~S. droppctl to thcSl1n11. ......
Co z ~>~r s a n n ~ GBXL . duties of. 26.
41. 43. 45. 61. 65. 100. lo!).
116 . 217. MI. ..............
COZI >I I YS, I ~I , I ~. , U . C . C;. of BenpI.
. Cieneri~l cor~trol of. .31. 71.
Dengnl si~pplies. Uo~nbny :lr-
my .................... 36.
. ..... J>et~es of Dept.. 66 70.
Aralivc ngcnts require cl~ecks.
E~lropcan N . C . 0 . atlvaalnge-
0114. ......................
P~~r c l ~n s c on crctlit. sornctirnes
ncocssarg. ................
.. .......... ( . I I ~I LI to ~ I I ~ L ' I I P E C I I O ~ S ~ S .
. ....... 'To : ~i l j ~~st conrpcn ation
.. On Irci~silre. n ~ ~ t l ca~ncls. 201.
..... 'J'o invalid soldiers. .269.
C~ ~ I I ~ GS S ~ I T I OS . 0 I. rations not iss11ed
41. 45 .....................
Cosvov. of gmin ntk~clieJ. .... 39.
Ditto arrives. ................
......... 1)irto in tlarmcr. 123.
.....................
I Arrives. 126
Of treasure rcinlhrccmcnt sent
to. ....................... 2137
CWI T~N. Sir \\I. commands . the
.......... T%cngnl co!~~!nn. 8
'I'l~anku on g ~v ~~r g o r e r 1110 com-
mnnd ..................... G9
b
...................
Cnunr. to rcconl cl;~ims to Order ol'
Merit, 260
CnlzlrsAr.F, ARBhqn mode of C S ~ C I I -
.................. tion, 123. 161
Cnors . p~otection to. 41. 58. GO. 00.
..... 9.1. 161. 162. 239. 30'2.
321
\i' l~cn assigned as hot1 for
l~orses. ........ 4 1 . 43. (3. 07,
09
At Cn~idal~nr. ................ 112
n .
D~~1r . r . I I OW O C C I I ~ ~ C ~ . .......... 236
I ) E S S I ~ ~ I.t.-CnI. en1nlni11111~ i d -
........ vallee a1 Ghnznee. 2i.l
J ) k P ~ ~ . Or supplies at Ferozpoor.
H
, \ t Snkkur. .................. 30
..............
At Shikarpoor.
.................. At Da~l nr .
.................. At Ouelta.
............
DESI~IIT. Iiow crosncd.
Coi~ntry Ilctween Sl~ikarpoor
ant1 l l adur. ..............
.... Thro~l gh the Bolan Pass.
1)eath ca~~s ct l by. ...........a
DOMES. mcn to carry away dead ani-
mals. &c ...............a.
..........
DOS.ITIIIN. to tllc troops.
....
To the ormy ol' t l ~c IIII~IIS.
DOOI.IES. for s11l.gica1 illslromenls on
reverse Ilnnk. ............
noonr s he 0nnx11. and Il urbar to
install. ....................
Officers selecletl. ............
......
l~eclinccl by onc nllicer.
...... Ilistory of t l ~ e Empire.
Dos r ~ I A I I O ~ I ~ I , I<IIAX. 1;s-ruler
...... of Cal)ool. as in lfi3.1,
Came to Cnnd: ~l ~i ~r in 1034. ..
'laim~ T'ir..~r.!t. ...........
Acc:oants ol ' h~a fliel~t. . . . . . . . a
Ilett . sent in pursilll. ...... 243.
Returns uns~~cccsr ; f ~~l . ........
Rcporlrti RI Ilalrlcean. ......
Ilis Xlily . cl~t~l.il~.ter. ........
1" .
' ~ r d COIIICS i l l lo ] ) n~~er . ......
J I i s - ~e ~~c r a l chnmcfer. ........
. DIIAFT. for9tl1 con~pnniea. ........
DIIJMS. extra to rvorking parties . .
...... On Qacen's I%irll~- lay,
To ofliccrs. nn~l st:~fT bergts., . .
DU~ I I . \ I I . at Cnntlal~al... ...........
At Cabool. ..................
R .
E X ~ MY . Rcports of I~ci ng near. 03.
...................... US.
.... E s c ~ x e ~ i r s . tl~nnks to. . . 27. 28.
E Y~ E S ~ I I J I ~ NT . ljurrncee. ........
Esnr us. battle of. ........... .300.
-
F .
F. \ errr. ~ Ro s r r T~ ~ s r ~ . s , Appendix.
No.SI'. ..................
F.\nlrsr. somolin~c before the espo-
clition. ....................
I: ~RL' . , Sir 1.1. to connnand t l ~c army
............. of tile I nt l ~~s ,
Il cqi gn~ the command to Sir
\\? . Cottoll, ..............
Gocs by water to Bokkur .....
ltequestcd to remain in India.
7';lkcs Icnve-order of t l ~anks ..
.. FF.IIOZI-OOII, army aase~nbled at.
.... 2nd Division to remain at.
........ Ar ~nv 111arclics I'rorn,
l)cpht of U I . ~ ~ I I . S-r ..........
I:IEI.D OPPI CI ; . ~ ol' Iht: [la.)... ... ..Us.
Fon. t o~s c parties, caution required
I : I . TEI I GU~ I I , ncar PC .;han.cr. 229.
I'UTI:II I<IIAS, l~ostility to Shall Slioo-
jn11 es Iirined. ............
J'lacc ofilis ml ~r der . ..........
Wl ~cr c and I I O\ Y n~~irtlcrecl. ..
I'llgc
G .
~ ; ~ f l l . ~ l l . ~ . Shall w~ t l s nlonc. y to. . . ) l o
Hefuse it. to bc consiilerctl
enemies. 120 129. 141. ...... 149
COIIIC in lo [he k i ~ ~ g . 151. 131. 222
........ i\lililary cliaracter of. : El
............ Gn o n l n ~ . near Ilcml. 131
ti I I I ~ S I ~ . pmparnlions to rcccivc us. 12 I
.... Enemy said to be i ~ i force. I58
f'rcparations for [lie 111;lrcll on. IS0
3Iarcli on. .................. 163
.......... Operations Irefnrc. 165
.. A ltack on Shah's camp. 153. 2013
........ Ortlcrs for thc slorni. 17.1
...... '1'11~ storm ol' Gl ~uzoee. 177
...... Orders al'lcr thc storm. 183
Ordcrs of thanks. ............. 190
Report of Cliicf Engtnccr ..... 193
Observations of Uombiiy Cliicf
Engineer. ................ 196
Dc s pa kh of Sir J . I<ennc. .... 202
Killed a nd wounded at. ...... 21 2
Ordcrs consequent. .......... 21 5
lJrisoncrs captured. .......... 2 1 a
Prizc Agents ................. 219
Depbt for sick and rvounderl. .. 221)
Yorce lcft al. ................ 221
O~de r s for ~narch from. .... 221 336
Uogt iCli~I~orncd's brollier arrives
at to aaccrtoi~i terms. ...... 232
Dcseriptioo ol' the place. ...... 224
Supplicn found in. ............ 228
hl c~l al s poposetl for .......... 257
Sick and wot~nded die at. .... 261
'I'roops ultiniatcl y left tlicrc. .. 27 I
G~nisrtr;. Del t . sent tl~cre. ........ l o7
Uescription of, .............. 107
l l cl ur n I'rom. ................ I 19
G o ~ l n o ~ . D r . procures grain for the
ilrniy. .................... 8
Joins Hd . Qrs . a t Peshawer ... 337
Gnaw. tlillicult to collect Inrgc
quant ms . ............. .T. I I
From D4ooItan. ........... . 8 . 35
Prom t he Punjab. ............ 11
At Sl~ikarpoor. .............. 34
Plenty thew ................. 36
Little bctwecn Sliikarpoor and
Canilnliar. ................ 36
A little a t UBag. ............ 41
Ditto a t Quetta. ............ 63
Sent t o Moosl~tung valley for. 67
Cor~voys arriecnt Cantlnlrar. 104 127
Lcl i a t Cantlahnr. .......... 1.13
When dearest. .............. I 08
Ganss. order against burning.43,352, 355
G u n n ~ . a\lvancc duly of. ........ 33:s
Rear. rncreascd. ..... ... ...... I so
Dnt y on ..................... I 60
Qr . and Rchr or Regi ~nent s. .. I 1 8
Gua nne reducccl at Cabool. ...... 252
GUN fired a t noon. .............. 109
Carried on Blepl~ants. ........ ?:I;>
Fired beforc n1arc11 of troops. .. 245
B .
PI ~na e o 001.r.hll KIIAX. tcnlporary
rule of. .................. roe
1 1 . 4 ~ ~ ~ . I(l l r\ ~. ~ < ~ l l i l l . [.uIIIP.R i l l 10
.... the king ; his cl ~arwl er.
I~itcrccpteil lcllcr of. ........
Sent in pursuit of nos 1 AIxl~o-
n~ed. ....................
Ii i s treaelierous c o ~ ~ d n c ~ . ....
Relurn to Cal ~l ~ol and confined
l hnught to I d i a . ............
I I RDOES. llOt 10 bc dl3tl'0)'etl. ......
IIKLI. . vulley~o:'(p.~&). ..........
1-1 wur. Pcr xt ns retire fronl. .. 2.
.. II' tl~rcatc~ied. Ilow to act.
6.
Gallant dcfence 1)y Yottiugcr.
Kepnrt ol'advnnce on. ........
AIission sent to. ..............
Party ilillo. ............ 119.
'r'crsians no dasigns on. ......
Money sent to. ..............
Mission reacl~cs it. ..........
H o o ~ r n ~ o o ~ . rebels agai ~i sl Sl ~a h
%eman. ..................
H o s s ~ s . fulling on'in condition of.
Want of glass. kurl)cc i ss~~erl .
Want of kurbcc. extra barley.
Green barley how used. ......
Additional lo gun horses. ..
On 11ulf rations. ..........;
Hcgls . purchase forage for. ..
I<nocketl up by over-work. 67.
Shot nn;rlrlc to ~narclr. .... 76.
1-1 . A . Uonibay begin to hnoak
up. ......................
Lost 011 a march. ............
Various a~odes or feeding. ....
Commitless to buy. ...... 100.
Ditlicult to procure. ..........
Nurtiber lost. ............ 1 or.
Grain issucd again. ..........
lteduced rations again. ......
Led. to march in rear. ........
l r on piny to picket. ..........
Extra bli~nkct for. in winter. ..
Casting Coalmitlces. ........
Holtslc An. r r ~r . snu. reviewed. ....
Uctaclrrnc~rt xysle~n best. ....
Sec A r.fillery.
Hos1.1~hr.s. builtlings for sick. i ~ t
Cantlaliar. ............ I 06.
H u z z A n ~ ~ s . origin of t hu~n. ....
.......... Come into t t a king.
1 .
I n i r ~ ~ . in\wion tlireatened by the
Atiql~nns ............. .17.1.
INDUS. Slli~li Slioojid~ crossed in
bonk in scvcn clays. .. 14.
British troops. by the bridgc of
I10alq ....................
INSPIICTION. of troops beforc a
111~1.~I1. ..................
J .
J ~ ~ . r . , u a n , ~ o . Dost Mnltorncd's
lroops winlerctl tlicre. ......
Troops to be lcft there. ......
1.ld . Qrs . arrive at. ..........
Plfg" Pupe
.... .
J n s p ~ u Af . ~ ( 1 ~ ~ e . arrive at . 345 LEECH. hIajor. 0~1i11ion'of #ura-
...................
Loss in crossinfi t l ~c river. .... 346 chec. 24
..........
....
llcncc beSills tile pur\ j ab. 351 At Klielat ill 1838. 417
...............
Juhfnooo. and battle of. .......... 229 Joins . Qrs 38
l)clongs to the Sikl~s. ........ 3 19 Left . A . a t Candabart
.............. .
JUZZ.\EL. Native rille. 49
also p 417. ) I 30
..........
LEVRE. at Cnadahar. and presents.
I08
1C. 1,OCAL HORSE. 4th. meritorioau
...................
I < n ~ u n s . a l ~i l l tribe. ............ 66- condl ~ct 127
.. . ..............
Phindererr. 67. 76 JAonn. U r opini(111 of I<llrachce. 24
..........
I ( E A N ~ ~ . Sir J. . assunles comrnar~d. 31 Arrives iit Cnbool. 257
............ Arrivca in camp. 69 ~ A ~ ~ ~ ~ l a fanlolls s\\. if1 Iiorse. .... 352
Order of tliant4. ............ 70
Oilits and rctur~ls t o I301nl.a~ . 363 BI .
..
Ii.\8tan;u. first appcars. ..........
Reigns. ....................
I t n ~ t e z ~ r s s . Water.courses. &c . . .
I<IIICL.\T, contluet of chief. 45. r6.
................ 66. 73. 83.
Capture of, ..................
~ ( I I O J U K PASS. preparations to
p.1 ..s. ....................
Orrler of ~narcll t l ~r u ~~g l i . .. 79.
................ Conli~sion in.
Ext ent of descent. ............
1-osscs ~ n . ..................
~l t t acks in. ..................
KAOOI ~D CAUOOL Pass. ........
K l r o o n ~ I<ri uu~a. ditto. ........
I < wu ~ n wn t ~ s . .............. 10s.
I<HU.PTUKI. tribeofl~ill robbers. 331
I < ~ ~ u z z u ~ n . \ s r i ~ s . come in to the
Slrall. ................ 357
I < i i ~ n e n PASS. ~ n a r c l ~ througli. ..
Proposed defence. ............
............ Corps raiscd Ibr.
................ Sick~icss in.
Use of t l ~c Pass ..... .'... ....
Mn c l c s s o ~ . Capt . collects grain. .
............. . Joi ns ].Id Qrs...
Ui t t o ditto from Cabool. ......
Loscs I ~i s property ...........
.......... MAHIDPOUR. battle of.
MAHOAf ED Aze~rar I <HAN. \vllcll
.......... ruler of Cabool.
HYUI C I ~ KHAN. son of Dost i\Ialio-
n~crl. ......................
~ I . \ RCHI NG. Ilefore 11ayl)rcak
................
. >
Ilazarcloas.
.. 1 roops to move on 0110 point.
'l'l~rough the Sikli country. ....
A ~ E D A L ~ . proposed to be given by
tlie Sliah. ................
MEDI CAL officers with their surgi-
.......... cal iiistr11111e1ils.
.......... MONEY. want of. felt.
3 1 ~ ~ s ~ . with the Bombay guns.
................ knock up.
MUNGEICYAL. \ . tope of. .... 341.
~I UI I HEES. plunderers. ....... 51.
~ I YDAN. nature of t he at.
Naclir Shall paid for t he pass-
N
...
agc of, ............... , .... ib .
............ T.oss of caniels in. 326 NATIVE TROOPS. moaey rations to. 9
.............. ............ Olhcers w o o ~ ~ d ~ ~ l . 327 NI(.IIM~..\. battle of. 301
Attacks and lessee. .......... 329 NI CZA. tnle position of. .......... 353
......
I ( ~ ~ n l i n ~ s s . two cIasses of. 316 (See. also 330.)
.........
Attack 1.1.. . a29. 2.34. 304 NI GI I T ATTACKS. threatened. 77. 6S 161
.......... .................
PavnicntR to. 316 ~' I OVEUEN~PS. bad. 169
............ .....
Xon~he r of erlnctl mell. 317 NOTI SHERA. battle of. 332
l'ax. or 'roll. levied by t l ~ei n
Nn wn u J u n n h n l i ~ a x . comes to
................
under Dost Alabomcd. ih
nsk lcrms. 221
...... .
...... .....
Compared lo tilc t)llcels 318 His excellent cliaracler. 213
Ingratitude of. ...............
I~UH. I. KOOR. dinn~ond. a c c o l i ~~t of.
~ { OI ~ I S T AN. insurrection ill. ......
1~11rnisl1es g a i n to Cabool. ....
I{I!JJUK. tribe of plunderers. ....
I ( UI I . \ CHE~. troops landing at-lbrt
destroyed. ................
Description. ................
Kuaxar., army first aasonlblcs at.
I<YSER. Z e n i a ~ ~ ' ~ son. ............
L .
Lnrronrs. invitation to. ..........
l l ct urn froni. ................
L ~ n l c n . \ ~ a tnltcn ; Sintlli grain
rnilrt. ....................
0 .
O ~ ~ r c a n s . too marly cattlc. and loo
inuch baggage. ..............
Native investetl witli 01-
................ tler. 10. 11.
Not ro accompany parties sent
.................. 0111. G6.
Not to leave camp wit.liout
s~vords. ..................
.. Not to quit ciunp 011 service.
.... O n o s ~ r of Uoorencc c!npire.
.................. Of AIcrit
Of llrilisli Intlia. ............
O a n ~ n u . nlaile k~~owr i Ly Leal I J ~
Tom 'Son1 lo ft~llo\r~ers. A7.
ERRATA AND ADDENDA.
Puge 8-llie nonlber of ca~nels cnrryiiig grain wura ncally 16,000.
45-note (37) " Bolaii" not ' I Buluo."
41-fov ' I Rifes," rcc~d " Rifles." TOY '"onally," retrrl " C o u ~ l l y . ~ ~
50-for ' ' I<nlifa," vend " Knfila."
-54-note (1'3) line 13-before " Star, " dele " D6jQun6."
li3-note (1) line 2-dele ' I Lt."
79-top line, for " order," rend '' ordered,"
note (3.1) for ' I I A. at.," ?end '' 1 P. M."
83-line 6, for " 14th." rend " 4 th Brignde ;" dele the figure 1.
I 19-note (li7)Jbr " ~cl cct on, ' ~ read ' ' selection."
144-note (4) line 3 bottom, should be withdrawn from thib frontier, on
the deatl~," &e.
149-line 17, for ' I overing," rend " Iloverillg."
172-line 5, shoi~ld be " up to tlie left."
174-liue 3, ndd " tlie :" line 16, after succession," n commn.
188-line 18, nftor "personal," ntld "Stuff."
189-before " every gateway, " ndd " 3."
19,s-.note (83) line 8, clele " as."
223-line 6 , sl~oold Ile " Iinire ?lo evidence."
228-note (52) liue 4, should be " princes."
233-line 13, for " Jnl~aghi nud Sl ~ndec Byge" road, " Bng~dee Tungee,
and Slindee Tlrngec."
251-line 15, for " ngnined," ,'cat1 " e~ni a. "
272-line 8, for l1 Coy.," rend " Cos."
312-note (13) line 2, full stop after " feet."
318-line 18, fur I ' 100,000," read " ~10, 000. "
334-note (34) line 6, sliould be 250 Cwt.
343-note (20) top line, sliould be " longest," not " Inrgest."
369-note (8) line 5, shoold be
Tubbus nlso."
400-line 6, after " kingdom," rend the 4th line from the boltom. ' ' Tliis
year (1818)t' to " nssailed it," pnge 401-then, line 6, page 400.
Putell Ichnn, be."-us tlie writing the letter, &c. must hiwe been
before lie was blinded ; tl~ougll i n tlie same yenr.
dlrycndix, pnge 35, line 14, Mnjor not Lieu1.-Colonel George Tl~omson, Bengal
Ewyincers.
Mnjor E. Pottinger, Bombny Ai'lil1rl.y.
I..
ADDENDA.
Dozoning Sireel, Jane 61h, 1311~, u~rd 16/11, 1840.
Major General Si r Tl ~omus Willshire, to the dignity of a Baronet
of the United ICingdom, for the Capture of ICl~clnt.
Col. .I. G. Bnun~garclt, of the 2nd (Queen's Royal) 12egt. of Foot ;
nnd Licut.-CoI. J. Pennycuick, of thc 17th Foot ; and Lieut.-Col. R,
Carruthers, 2nd Regt. of Foot, to be Companions of the most Hor~'ble
RiIily. Order of the Bath.
Major tllexander C. Peat, Bombay Eugineers, and R1. R4i1jor Si r
Alexander Burnes, Icnt. Bombay N. I. to be Companio~is of the But l ~.
ON TRI INVASION 010 TNDIA.
The new eclitio~i (1840) of the worlc ( Ont hc U~. i t i sh Enq i r e i7z Iridio)
of Lieut.-Genernl Count Bjozo,nstjerncc, Swedish Ambussltdor at the
Court of London, was received by me i r ~ Calcutta, some clays after tlie
article I liad written on the invasion of India was pr i ~~t ed. The COI I I I ~
points to tlic route vid Hernt, Ca~idahal-, Gl~uxnee, Cabool, Peahawer,
and the Indus for an invading Army. The route, therefore, of the
Army from Candaliar to Cubool, and of the IIead Qnartcrs from CH-
boo1 to India, will be a subject of interest to all. I give a fcw extracts
from the wo r l ~
Routes. " That which leads from tlie provi ~~ce of l i i t ~ s and Xei.mcr~z
( 1) along tlie Eastern Coast of the Persian Gulf, t l ~rough Bcloochistcc)t,
to Silrdh, at the mouth of the Indus." P. 217. " There: is only o~!c
example on record of an Army having followed it, that of Alexander
the Great." Page 218.
Alexander was, however, master of the Persian Gulf, and was
accompanied on the left bank by his fleet, under the command of
Nearclius, conveying water and other necessaries. This assistance
could not be enjoyed by an army marching the same route ilow to
Inditi, the English being, by means of their naval force stationed at
Bombay, sole mnsters of tlie Persian Gulf, and without such support
all enterprise in that quarter would be quite impossil~le : we see t l ~us
[hat India is perfectly safe 011 t hat sidc." P. 219.
(1)
It was lnarclling tllrougl~ this desert that Alexander queacl~ed (ns it iri
seid) the tllirat of llis army, by throwinp m a y the water brougllt to l1i111 by n
aoldier in his helmet I
'' Wha t I~ns been hcrc enitl of the rc)ntls t o Intlis seems s uf i i ci c~~t Lo
sliow t l ~nt Ll~c only pus.sihle rollte, for all arlliy orgilnizcrl in t he ETI ~O-
p)cas ninnner, is thnt \\?hich passes t l ~ r o l ~ g l ~ I I e t *( ~t , I(cr~rc(nBrr)., Gfiuztlea,
Cnbool, ant1 1'cshrrict.r- to A[tok, on t he 111drts: it is t he road tnl;en by
al l former conquerers of 11;tliti. by Al t x ~~nd e v , S'(~nae~-Irrtie, nnd ~\~irdir
Shnh ."
" Every military espctlition, llo~\-e\rcr, undertnlten 011 t hi s rontl,
pre-supl)oscs. 11s all indial)e~~sablc contlitio~l, t l ~ c co-operation of Per-
sia. I snjr co-operation, for Persia alone i s un2rble t o nntlertnlce t u ~ y
Llling of importnncc agilinst the Bri t i sl ~ pomcr i n India. I t s Infantry
ant1 Arlillery :ire inconsitleral)le, its C:ur;\lry undisciplinctl, and i t s
treasury ernl~ty ; co~i scq~~ent l y, i t cor~ld or ~l y he ill c o~~j unc t i o~i with
sonle greater po\ver, ant1 as its vilngu;lrtl, t hat I'crsirc coaltl ~)ossibly,
venlure ~ I I an exl ~ecl i t i o~~ against Uritisl~ India ; t l ~ n t this power can
11e no othcr than Russicr is scnrcely Ilecessnry to repeiit Ilerc." 1' . 237.
' I After having crossetl the Indus at t he .iyyer part, it ent crs tlie
Pa?,jrrb, (the lcingdoni of LaAo~. e, ) o mnrshy conntry, i ~~t e~. s cct et l hy
five great rivers of very cliffcult access ; crossing t l ~ c I ndus a t Llie
A. n~i ddl e part, it fintls the snody tlesert of Bikrrtzccr, wi t h want of water
anti of ~u~l pl i e s ; nnd if t he paesnge Ile nlade ut tlle loroti. I ~ ~ t l u s , t he
coantry of Si~arlf~ 11)res~nt s etlunlly greet tliffict~lties : it i s but aft er
having surmouutetl nll those tlitKcultics, t hat t he conqneror woolct
arrive a t the ~ c n l Bri l i sl ~ Bonlirtiurrs, i\,lrere t he l ~ur ni ug srtn of 121tlirr
\ \ ~o~~l t l bc equally Catul to the soltliers of a Nort hern people a s the I c e
~ I I I ~ cold of 12trssi~1, mas in 16 19 to those of Frnnce and Italy."
(' Fr o n ~ these vnrious datn it may 11e conclndcd .how very l arge
thnt army must he, wl~ich, ilfter haring securc:d i t s co~rrmuni ci ~t i ons
\\lit11 the necessary corps of reserve along t he ml ~ol e tlistance of 2,000
English nlilcs, wl ~i ch separates the A~, rrxrs (Ar~. ri s) from t he I71rlus,
coultl arrive i n s uf i c i e ~~t strength nt t he latter, t o engage t here wit11 t he
A~, ~l o - I ~t d i c ~t r Amp, tln~ply sopplicd n'it11 all t he ~i ecessari cs of war,
&c. &c." 1'. 232.
-
I
N. B.
I must not omit my tl~nnfts t o Ci ~pt . Da 13s~cl(<, Engineel-e.
O k . Scc)r. to t l ~ c (Ilcngill) Militar!. Ilonrd, for Tithle No. 5, a t page
75 of the Al)pcndix.