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Assignment B 2015

This document summarizes an assignment on mathematical modeling of a water tank system. It includes: 1) Using calculus techniques like integration and differentiation to model the volume and rate of change of water level over time. 2) Solving the model with and without a water flow control mechanism. Without the mechanism, the rate is constant. With it, the rate decreases over time, so it takes longer to fill the tank. 3) Finding the minimum and maximum rates of change by taking the derivative and setting it equal to zero, or by plotting in Excel and identifying extremes. The maximum occurs when the tank is narrowest.

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Tan Teik Soon
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317 views5 pages

Assignment B 2015

This document summarizes an assignment on mathematical modeling of a water tank system. It includes: 1) Using calculus techniques like integration and differentiation to model the volume and rate of change of water level over time. 2) Solving the model with and without a water flow control mechanism. Without the mechanism, the rate is constant. With it, the rate decreases over time, so it takes longer to fill the tank. 3) Finding the minimum and maximum rates of change by taking the derivative and setting it equal to zero, or by plotting in Excel and identifying extremes. The maximum occurs when the tank is narrowest.

Uploaded by

Tan Teik Soon
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Assignment B 2015 ( Mathematical Modelling)

Introduction
- Hyperboloid
- Brief usage of calculus
- The mechanism that controls water level (eg. water tank)

Methodology
- Application of integration to find volume
- Time taken = volume/rate
- Using chain rule
- Using differential equations (separation of variables)
- Application of differentiation to find the rate of change and extreme
values.
- Using Excel (optional) for graphical representation
- Solve quadratic equations or by trial and error or method of tabulation
- Solving optimization problems.


Results

1a. 25
2
x - 16( )
2
9 y = 225


( )
2
2
225 16 9
25
y
x
+
=

V =
14
2
0
x dy t (
}

=
( )
14
2
0
16
9 18 81
25
y y dy t
(
+ +
(

}


=

= 968.2 m
3
Or 308.19 m
3
or 308 14/75

Time =
968.197
180

= 5.379 hrs
= 5.38 hrs





b) Assume h is the height of the water level at time t
V=
( )
2
0
225 16 9
( )
25
h y
dy t
+
}


= .

= ( )
3 16 3888
9 9
75 25
h h t
(
+ +
(

, 0 h 14

c) ( )
2 16
9 3 9
25
dV
h
dh
t t
(
= +


When h = 9, 9
dV
dh
t =

dh dh dV
dt dV dt
=

1 20
180
9
dh
dt t t
= = meters per hr


2a) k = 20, n=1

( ) 20 14
dV
y
dt
=
For 0 y 5, 180
dt
dv
280
For 5 < y 14, 0
dt
dv
180
Before the height (water level) reaches 5 m level, the rate is bigger than 180 m
3

per hour. But after 5 m, the rate is smaller than 180 m
3
per hour. Hence it can
be anticipated that after the mechanism is installed, the time taken to fill up the
container will be longer.

Reasons: without mechanism, the rate is constant (180m).
With mechanism, the rate is decreasing.

Or
Draw graph of dv/dt against height (y). since dv/dt decrease and the volume of
the tank is constant, therefore the time taken will be longer (time taken =
volume/rate)

Or

Any reasonable reasons by students.
dt
dv

280
14 5 0
180
y
2 a (ii)
dy dy dV
dt dV dt
=

=
( )
( )
2
1
20 14
16
9 9
25
y
y t t

+


=
( )
( )
2
500 14
225 16 9
y
y t

(
+



Separating the variables and integrate

( )
( )
( )
2
9
225 500
16
14 14
y
dy dy t c
y y t

+ = +

} }



. . .
( )
2
500
625ln 14 8 64
t
y y y c
t
+ = +

When t=0, y=0 c = - 625ln14


therefore
( )
2
14 500
625 ln 8 64
14
t
y y
y t
(
+ =
(




t = y 64 (
500
t
8y
2
+ 625 ln
y 14
14
)
since y14, then y 14, t 78.48
time taken = 78.48 hours.

2b) k=15, n=
1
2


( )
1
2
15 14
dV
y
dt
=


dy dV dy
dt dt dV
=

=
( )
( )
1
2
2
1
15 14
16
9 9
25
y
y t t

+

=
( )
( )
1
2
2
375 14
225 16 9
y
y t

(
+



Let
dy
R
dt
=
R =
( )
( )
1
2
2
375 14
225 16 9
y
y t

(
+


For max and min values,

Method 1: Using Excel, plot graph dh/dt against height from 0 to 14 and
determine the min and max from the table.

Method 2: Using tables of values of h and dh/dt,
It is minimum when the cross-section of the tank is widest

h dh/dt
0 0.2936
1 0344
1.5 0.375


Do conclusion. Minimum when h=0
It is maximum when part of the tank is narrowest

h Dh/dt
8.3 1.223
8.4 1.224
8.5 1.222


Do conclusion. Maximum when h=8.4

Method 3: 2
nd
derivative test as below:

( ) ( )( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
( )
1
2
2
2
2
1
225 16 9 375 14 1 375 14 32 9
2
[225 16 9 ]
y y y y
dR
dy
y
t t
t
(
(
+ (
(


=
+

For max and min values of R(rate of increase of height of water in
container),
0
dR
dy
=
Therefore
( ) ( )( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
1
2
2
1
225 16 9 375 14 1 375 14 32 9
2
y y y y t t
(
(
+ (
(


=0

Simplifying , we get a Quadratic Equation




48y
2
1184y + 6543 = 0
y = 16.31 (ignore) or y = 8.359

maximum rate = 1.224 when y = 8.359 m
minimum rate = 0 when y = 14 m

Conclusion.
- Without the mechanism, when the height is 9 m at the narrowest part of
the container, the dh/dt is maximum.
- With the mechanism:
a) To fill the tank, time taken is .(any value given by
student) ..with .(reasonable reasons)
b) when the height is 8.4 m, the dh/dt is maximum.
- Certain mechanism can be applied to control the water flow.
- Discuss the suitability of the hyperboloid shape as a water tank(as
compared to real- life shape) .

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