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Bridge Management

This document discusses bridge management methods and techniques for intervention in Italy. It provides data on the types and lengths of existing bridges and discusses factors to consider for maintenance versus upgrade. Methods for periodic inspection and evaluation are presented along with rapid techniques for reinforcing concrete beams, columns, and decks using fiber reinforced polymers. Design guidelines from the ACI 440 code and Italian code CNR DT 200-2005 are compared. The document emphasizes that interface adhesion is fundamental for reinforcement success and new prescriptions are needed to guarantee durable performance.

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160 views53 pages

Bridge Management

This document discusses bridge management methods and techniques for intervention in Italy. It provides data on the types and lengths of existing bridges and discusses factors to consider for maintenance versus upgrade. Methods for periodic inspection and evaluation are presented along with rapid techniques for reinforcing concrete beams, columns, and decks using fiber reinforced polymers. Design guidelines from the ACI 440 code and Italian code CNR DT 200-2005 are compared. The document emphasizes that interface adhesion is fundamental for reinforcement success and new prescriptions are needed to guarantee durable performance.

Uploaded by

sanusi69
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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ITALIAN TECHNICAL COMMITTEE ITALIAN TECHNICAL COMMITTEE

Road Bridges
BRIDGE MANAGEMENT
METHODS OF INTERVENTION METHODS OF INTERVENTION
Marco Arduini Co-Force s.r.l.
via Pindemonte, 16 Reggio Emilia - [email protected]
Bridge length
10m 50m 52 4% 10m 50m 52.4%
>50m 100m 15.3%
>100m 200m 14.1%
>200m 500m 14.2%
>500m 1000m 2.4%
>1000m 2000m 1.4%
>2000m 3600m 0.2%
Type of structure
RC concrete 40.1%
PC concrete (bonded) 28.0%
PC concrete (post injected) 43.5%
Steel - concrete 4.1%
% Masonry 2.1%
Other 2.0%
Deck type
Simply supported 68,7%
TRAVATA GERBER 3,3%
TRAVATA CONTINUA 3,8% V N N ,
TRAVATA APP. + SBALZI 0,6%
TRAVATA CONT. IN SOLETTA 0,1%
CASSONE APPOGGIATO 1 3% CASSONE APPOGGIATO 1,3%
CASSONE CONTINUO 5,1%
SOLETTONE APPOGGIATO 11,5%
SOLETTONE GERBER 0,1%
SOLETTONE CONTINUO 0,3%
SOLETTONE APPOGGIATO+SBALZI 0 2% SOLETTONE APPOGGIATO+SBALZI 0,2%
TELAIO 4,6%
SEMITELAIO 0,6%
ARCO 1,8%
ARCO CON RINFRANCO 4,6%
ARCO CELLULARE 0,9% ,
STRALLATO 0,1%
ARCO CON RILEVATO 0,1%
PERIODIC INSPECTIONS AND
MAINTENANCE PIANIFICATION
P i di i ti d it i Periodic inspections and monitoring
Damage evaluation for all bridge component: beams, deck, piles, piers etc
Maintenance pianification p
Design and applications
In situ rapid test to validate the application
BOUNDARY CONDITION:
Minimum interference with traffic
PERIODIC INSPECTION AND DAMAGE
EVALUATION
No defects
No repair job
Visual defects
No structural
Min. structural impact
Min concrete
Visual defects
Min. structural impact
Min. concrete
repair / protection
Vi l d f t
Min. structural impact
Visual defects
Damaged
zone
Structural min.damage Monitoring and
repair job in 5
zone
years
Small reduction of
safety factor
Repair job in 3
years
Damaged
zone
Reduction of safety
factor
Damaged
zone
Urgent repair
job in 1-2 years
Big Damage
reduction
PROGRAMMA S.A.M.O.A.
Con la compilazione di apposite schede, si
ottiene:
Lanalisi dettagliata delle caratteristiche
costruttive;
Il rilievo accurato degli ammaloramenti
presenti;
Il giudizio dello stato dellopera
mediante metodologie codificate.
1960
MAINTENANCE OR UPGRADE?
Testo Unico 2008
Change in the live load g
MAINTENANCE OR UPGRADE?
CHANGE IN THE DESIGN METHOD
1960: Allowable stress 1960: Allowable stress
2008 : Ultimate and service limit stress
CHANGE IN THE TRUCK DIMENSIONS
Ch i i t l d b i
MAINTENANCE OR UPGRADE?
1960: 250 kg/m
2008: 8-10 ton
Change in new impact load on barrier
MAINTENANCE OR UPGRADE?
Guard rail punching mechanism
1960: 50 cm
2008: 80cm
MAINTENANCE OR UPGRADE?
Ch i th b id il t Change in the bridge rail type
2
0
SITUAZIONE FUTURA
100
1
6
5
2
0
0
20
80
135
240 240 240 125 11
MAINTENANCE OR UPGRADE?
NEED OF DECK ENLARGEMENT to add one more lane, or
to install sonic barrier or add a pedestrian lane

46
15
1
8
100kg/m
100
5ton/m
300kg/m
200kg/m
40kg/m
60kg/m
2
02
5
PAVIMENTAZIONE
2
0
112 /20cm
1
4
15
15
70
135
103
10
69
MAINTENANCE OR UPGRADE?
2008: seismic action: 0 1 0 5 x dead load
1960: seismic action =0.1xdead load
2008: seismic action: 0.1 0.5 x dead load



MAINTENANCE OR UPGRADE?
Concrete degradation and steel corrosion
RC b 40 ld t k f b id
MAINTENANCE OR UPGRADE rapid technique for bending
RC beams 40 years old, taken from a bridge
Concrete repair
using high strength using high strength,
shrinkage
compensated, p
ductile mortars +
steel nets, rebars,
b fib d carbon fiber rods,
FRP sheets.
MAINTENANCE OR UPGRADE rapid technique
for bending for bending
2000
1400
1600
1800
1000
1200
1400
t
o
t
.


[
k
N
]
600
800 C
a
r
i
c
o

TraveA
200
400
Trave A
Trave C
Trave E
Trave A: Analitico
Trave C: Analitico
TraveE: Analitico
0
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70
Freccia [mm]
Trave E: Analitico
GROUP A: Hydrodemolition +repair mortar SECTION A-A A
MAINTENANCE OR UPGRADE rapid technique for bending

y p
Hydrodemolition 2cm+
Type1/2 mortar 2-3cm
Concrete cover
hydrodemolition
2+2or4
6mm
CFRP Sheet
20
120
A
GROUP A: Sand blast without repair mortar
Epoxyputty
20
Sand blast +FRP sheet 120
520
1000
200 1 or 3 plies
CFRP sheet
520 60
SECTION A-A
2+2or4
A
200
520 520 60
Epoxy putty Sand blast +FRP sheet 120
1000
100
CFRP Sheet
2+2or4
6mm
A

Hydrodemolition +
Type 1 or 2 mortar 2-3cm
GROUP C: Hydrodemolition +repair mortar
CFRP rod
30
130
SECTION A-A

A
1000
520 520 200 60
1 or 3
CFRP rod
GROUP C: grooves +epoxy putty A
SECTION A-A

A
Groove +CFRP rod
520 520
120
1 or 3
grooves
100
g p y p y
60
Epoxy putty
A
20
SECTION A A

1000
520 520 grooves
200
60
MAINTENANCE OR UPGRADE rapid technique for bending
Concrete cover replacement + CFRP rods
4 fundamental factors governs the success of the reinforcement job:
Interface adhesion concrete-repair mortar Interface adhesion concrete repair mortar
Bond CFRP-repair mortar
Durability and stability over time
Ductility and high tensile stress of repair mortars Ductility and high tensile stress of repair mortars
Simplicity, speed and ligthweigth
25
CFRP+Putty
15
20
CFRP+Concrete
CFRP+FR
10
15
L
o
a
d

[
k
N
]
Steel+concrete
5
Perfect bond
Bond-slip
Perfectbond: Steel
0
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20
Mid-span deflection [mm]
Perfect bond: Steel
MAINTENANCE OR UPGRADE rapid technique for bending
:
External prestressing
bl cables
CFRP sheets glued to
concrete
DESIGN GUIDELINES
What are the parameters that affect the safety factor of
h i f ?
8
9
Momento resistente massimo
Average moment at failure
the reinforcement?
6
7
m
]
s=2.5
> 1.5
5
6
e
s
i
s
t
e
n
t
e


[
k
N
*
m
Massimo livello sollecitazioni limite ultime
Ultimate limit moment
3
4
M
o
m
e
n
t
o

r
e
AA-Analytic
Massimo livello sollecitazioni di servizio
Service limit moment
1
2
0
0.0 10.0 20.0 30.0 40.0 50.0 60.0 70.0 80.0 90.0
Curvatura [E-6/mm]
ACI 440 ACI 440
CNR DT 200 - 2005
DESIGN GUIDELINES
) , min(
fdd
fk
a fd
f
f
f =
f
m
f

Fk f
ffd
t
E
f

=
2
1
1 ,
t k b Fk
f f k 03 . 0 =
Delaminazione
di estremit
f
c fd
ff
t

,

f f
t E
ctm ck b Fk
f f k 03 . 0
di estremit
Delaminazione
Fk f
E
f
2
3
CNR DT200 0
mtm
f f
e
f
L
2
=
Delaminazione
intermedia
f
Fk f
c fd
ffd
t
f

=
2 ,

CNR DT200-05
ACI 440 DESIGN AND SAFETY FACTORS
DESIGN GUIDELINES
ACI 440 DESIGN AND SAFETY FACTORS

000 , 180 t nE for 90 . 0


000 360
t E n
1
60
1
f f
f f
fk m e fu
f k C f =

>

=
000 , 180 t nE for 90 . 0
t nE
000 , 90
60
1
f
000 , 360 60
f f
f f fu
f f
fu
m

f f fu
For 1layer t=0.165mm
For 3 layers t=0 5mm
3000
C20-SAB-C530(CNR)
C20,C60-SAB-C530(ACI)
C60-SAB-C530(CNR)
For 3 layers t=0.5mm
For NSM rod: t
equiv
=A
f
/p
p
For INT rod: tequiv=Af/b
2000
2500
C20-F1B7,F1B10(CNR)
C20-F1B7,F1B10(ACI)
1000
1500
F
fdd,2
,
f
fu
[MPa]
0
500
0
0 0,2 0,4 0,6 0,8 1 1,2 1,4 1,6 1,8 2
t
f
[mm]
La prestazione effettiva
Negli interventi di riparazione
ladesione fondamentale
bbi t
p
dellintervento pu raggiungere
il 50-70% del carico di progetto
l adesione fondamentale
sabbiatura
idrolavaggio
55
60
idrolavaggio
40
45
50
Peeling FRP estremit
30
35
0
c
o

2
P



[
k
N
]
Scorrimento barra
15
20
25
C
a
r
i
c
AP2-Exp
AP1-Exp
AP-Analytic
5
10
15
P P

0
0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0 7.0 8.0
Freccia [mm]
MAINTENANCE OR UPGRADE rapid technique for shear
MAINTENANCE OR UPGRADE rapid technique for shear
MAINTENANCE OR UPGRADE rapid
technique for bending / shear / confinement
FRP WRAPPING
Column ductility enhancement - Enna
General Concepts p
CNR DT 200
experimental
design
f
ccd, eff
yd s ccd c u
f A f A N + =
k k k E f =
1

y

+ =
3 / 2
,
6 . 2 1
eff l
d d
f
f f
a v H rid fd f f eff l
k k k E f =
, ,
2


i
fk a

+ 6 . 2 1
cd
cd ccd
f
f f

004 . 0 , min
f
fk a

Adhesion properties are


related to the concrete
f ti l surface preparation also
A specific design recommendation to repair and reinforce concrete and masonry
has been defined in Italy in 2005, this code demonstrate higher safety factors y g y
than ACI 440.
To guarantee a good and durable success of the intervention new design
prescriptions need to be fixed: some are related to concrete-repair mortar
interface, some are related to repair mortar- reinforcement applied, others are
specific for the reinforcement;
I PONTI SONO SEMPRE QUELLI
A procedure to qualify one FRP system (including repair mortar) has been
developed by one of the mayor highway administration in Italy;
I PONTI SONO SEMPRE QUELLI ...
ACI 440 or other available recommendations at international levels do not take
into account all parameters involved, so a correct design safety factor cannot be
reached reached
Four different reinforcement configurations has been approved.
Concrete deck reinforcement due to new barrier
A25 Savona Imperia A25 Savona-Imperia
10 spans 43m
60 days 7workers 60 days 7workers
One lane always open
Deck Deck enlargement enlargement from from 1 1 to to 1.5 m 1.5 m
Highway A1 Highway A1 -- Fiano Fiano--Orte Orte
9 Viaduct to enlarge in 3 months
Cost has to be competitive
Highway A1 Highway A1 -- Fiano Fiano--Orte Orte
Cost has to be competitive
Only one lane could be closed during the job
Minimum increment in the deck thickness in order to limit the increment of
permanent load permanent load
Beams have been reinforced with CFRP sheets Beams have been reinforced with CFRP sheets
The deck enlargement has been done with a combination of steel net and
carbon rods + high strength shrinkage compensated mortar
A1: Fiano Orte
DECK ENLARGEMENT DECK ENLARGEMENT
A1 Fi O t A1: Fiano Orte
A1: Reinforcement of RC / PC
beams using CFRP sheets g
A1: Reinforcement RC/PC beams

A1: Reinforcement RC/PC beams
Deck Deck reinforcement reinforcement
Deck bending performance Deck bending performance
0
-20
-30 -25 -20 -15 -10 -5 0
-40
m
]
-60
o

M


[
k
N
*
m
/
m
100
-80
M
o
m
e
n
t
o
-120
-100
Mest servizio Sez. Inc
Mest ultimo Sez. Inc
Sez.Inc.: Originaria, sp=20cm
-140
Curvatura [mm*E06]
Sez.Inc.: Rinforzata 10MBar/m, sp=23cm
Load Load test on test on
real real scale scale
Fiumara di Tito CB Fiumara di Tito CB Viaduct Viaduct
upgrade deck upgrade deck bending bending pg pg gg
strength strength
0
-20 -19 -18 -17 -16 -15 -14 -13 -12 -11 -10 -9 -8 -7 -6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0
-150
-100
-50
*
m
]
-250
-200
M
o
m
e
n
t
o

M


[
k
N
*
Sez. Incastro originale
Sez. Incastro +20MBar +rete
-350
-300
Curvatura [E-06/mm]
Sez. Incastro +10MBar +rete
E45: Savio E45: Savio Viaduct Viaduct Deck Deck enlargement enlargement
E45: Savio E45: Savio Viaduct Viaduct Deck Deck enlargement enlargement
E45: Savio E45: Savio Viaduct Viaduct Deck Deck enlargement enlargement
Reinforcement of RC and PC
beams subjected to impact
Nola Exit A30 Na Nola Exit A30 Na
Arch Bridge Fortore River
2 span 50m - Foggia
I li R d A h i ANAS Italian Road Authority ANAS
Non metallic
concrete
concrete-FRP
slip prevails slip prevails
especially if
poor concrete p r c ncr t
is used
A1: A1: BArberino BArberino New concrete deck New concrete deck with with GFRP GFRP
rods rods
CONCLUSIONS:
Some methods of intervention essentially based upon the Some methods of intervention, essentially based upon the
adhesion of new reinforcement to the original concrete, for
repair or upgrade existing bridge have been presented p pg g g p
together with experimental results and design
recommendation.
To guarantee good results of these methods the following important
parameters should take into account:
Distribute the reinforcement as much as possibile;
Correctly prepare the concrete surface
Use adequate repair mortars with specific properties that will be presented
tomorrow

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