Rate of Crime Against Children

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Chapter-6

Crime against Children

There is no separate
classification of offences against
children. Generally, the offences
committed against children or the
crimes in which children are the
victims are considered as crime
against children. Indian penal code
and the various protective and
preventive special and local laws
specifically mention the offences
wherein children are victims. The age
of child varies as per the definition
given in the concerned Acts and
sections but age of child has been
defined to be below 18 years as per
J uvenile J ustice Act, 2000. Therefore
an offence committed on a victim
under the age of 18 years is
construed as crime against children
for the purpose of analysis in this
chapter.

It is also to be borne in mind
that the offences that are analysed in
this chapter do not form an exclusive
block of offences that are reported in
the country. They are included in the
IPC/SLL cases already discussed in
other relevant chapters. The offences
mentioned in this chapter have been
culled out from various reported
crimes in the country wherein the
victims of the offences were children.

The data on crimes against
children is compiled through the
revised annual returns w.e.f. year
2001. Cumulative totals of crime
statistics available on monthly basis
were used for this analysis till 2000.
The revised annual returns have
additional heads like `murder of
children and `other crimes, therefore,
incidents of crimes against children
during 2001 and later years may not
be comparable with the figures of
year 2000 and before.

The crime rate for crimes committed
against children has been calculated
using only children population (upto
18 years of age) based on Ministry of
health & family welfares mid-year
estimated children population,
therefore the crime rate of reference
year may not be comparable with the
crime rate of previous years.

The cases in which the
children are victimised and abused
can be categorised under two broad
sections:
1) Crimes committed against
children which are punishable
under Indian penal code (IPC).

2) Crimes committed against
children which are punishable
under special and local laws
(SLL).

Specific sections/Acts under
above two categories are as follows:

1. Crime against children
punishable under the
Indian penal code (IPC)
are:
a) Murder (302 IPC)
b) Foeticides (Crime against a
foetus) IPC Section 315 & 316
( All India 38,172 )
INCIDENCE OF CRIME AGAINST CHILDREN DURING 2012
90


91
c) Infanticides (Crime against
newborn child) (0 to 1 year)
Section 315 IPC.

d) Abetment to suicide (abetment
by other persons for
commitment of suicide by
children) Section 305 IPC.

e) Exposure & abandonment
(Crime against children by
parents or others to expose or
to leave them with the
intention of abandonment):
Section 317 IPC.

f) Kidnapping & abduction:

i) Kidnapping for
exporting (Section 360
IPC).
ii) Kidnapping from lawful
guardianship (Section
361 IPC).
iii) Kidnapping for ransom
(Section 364 A ).
iv) Kidnapping for camel
racing etc. (Section
363 IPC).
v) Kidnapping for
begging (Section 363-
A IPC).
vi) Kidnapping to compel
her marriage (Section
366 IPC).
vii) Kidnapping for slavery
etc. (Section 367 IPC).
viii) Kidnapping child for
stealing from its
person (under 10
years of age only)
(Section 369 IPC).

g) Procuration of minor girls (for
inducement to force or seduce
to illicit intercourse) (Section
366-A IPC).
h) Selling of girls for prostitution
(Section 372 IPC).

i) Buying of girls for prostitution
(Section 373 IPC).

j) Rape (Section 376 IPC)


2. Crime against children
punishable under
Special and local laws
are:

a) Immoral Traffic Prevention
Act, 1956 (where minors are
abused in prostitution).

b) Child Labour (Prevention &
Regulation) Act, 1986.


Crime incidence
(Incidence- 38,172)

A total of 38,172 cases of
crimes against children were
reported in the country during 2012
as compared to 33,098 cases during
2011, suggesting an increase of
15.3%. Among IPC crimes, number
of cases under procuration of minor
girls decreased from 862 in 2011 to
809 in 2012, registering a decrease
of 6.1% over 2011. The cases of
kidnapping & abduction have
increased by 19.5% during the year
(from 15,284 in 2011 to 18,266 in
2012). Uttar Pradesh (6,033),
Madhya Pradesh (5,168), Delhi
(4,462), Maharashtra (3,456) and
Bihar (2,894) have accounted for
15.8%, 13.5%, 11.7%, 9.5% and
7.6% of total crimes respectively
against children at the national level.

Note:
Rate of Crime against Children means number of crimes against children per one lakh population of Children.
Estimated population of Children (upto 18 years) used for calculation of Crime Rate.
RATE OF CRIME AGAINST CHILDREN DURING 2012
( All India 8.89 )
92
U
T
T
A
R

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95
Crime rate
(Rate- 8.9)

The crime rate was observed
as 8.9 during 2012. The rate was
highest in Delhi (75.9) followed by
Mizoram (28.2) Chhattisgarh (20.24),
Goa (20.23), Chandigarh(19.0),
Madhya Pradesh (17.8) and A&N
Islands(16.7) as compared to the
national average of 8.9.

Crime head-wise analysis

The State/UT-wise and crime
head-wise incidents of crimes are
presented in Table-6.2.

Murder (Including Infanticide)
(Sec. 302 IPC and 315 IPC)
(Incidence- 1,678 Rate- 0.4)

A total of 1,678 cases of
murder of children (including
infanticides) were reported in the
country against 1,514 cases in 2011
resulting in an increase of 10.8% in
2012 over 2011. Uttar Pradesh has
reported the highest number of such
cases (463) accounting for 27.6% of
the total cases reported in the
country. Arunachal Pradesh, J ammu
& Kashmir, Meghalaya, Daman &
Diu, Lakshadweep and Puducherry
did not report any case of child
murder during the year 2012.

Infanticide (Sec. 315 IPC)
(Incidence- 81 Rate-Negligible)

A total of 81 Infanticide cases
were reported in the country during
the 2012. The incidents increased in
the year 2012 (81 cases) from 63
cases in the year 2011. The increase
amounted to 28.6% over 2011. 17
cases were reported from Madhya
Pradesh and 14 cases reported from
Uttar Pradesh of the 81 cases
reported at national level.

Rape
(Sec. 376 IPC)
(Incidence- 8,541 Rate- 2.0)

A total of 8,541 cases of child
rape were reported in the country
during 2012 as compared to 7,112 in
2011 accounting for an increase of
20.1% during the year 2012. Madhya
Pradesh has reported the highest
number of cases (1,632) followed by
Uttar Pradesh (1,040) and
Maharashtra (917). These three
States together accounted for 42.0%
of the total child rape cases reported
in the country.

Kidnapping & abduction
(Sec. 363 to 373 IPC)
(Incidence-18,266 Rate-4.2)

A total of 18,266 cases of
kidnapping & abduction of children
were reported during the year 2012
as compared to 15,284 cases in the
previous year accounting for a
increase of 19.5%. Uttar Pradesh
(4,239) followed by Delhi (3,686) has
accounted for 23.2% and 20.2%
respectively of the total cases
reported in the country. The rate of
crime was highest in Delhi (62.7)
followed by Chandigarh (11.7) as
compared to the national average of
4.2

Foeticide (Sec. 315 & 316 IPC)
(Incidence-210 Rate-Negligible)

A total of 210 cases of






96
Table-6 (A)
Crimes against children in the country and % variation in 2012 over 2011

Sl.
No.
Crime Head YEAR % Variation in
2012 over 2011
2010 2011 2012
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6)
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
Murder
Infanticide
Rape
Kidnapping & abduction
Foeticide
Abetment of suicide
Exposure & abandonment
Procuration of minor girls
Buying of girls for prostitution
Selling of girls for prostitution
Other crimes (including Prohibition of
Child Marriage Act 2006)
1,408
100
5,484
10,670
111
56
725
679
78
130
7,253
1,451
63
7112
15284
132
61
700
862
27
113
7293
1,597
81
8,541
18266
210
144
821
809
15
108
7580
10.1
28.6
20.1
19.5
59.1
136.1
17.3
-6.1
-44.4
-4.4
3.9
Total 26,694 33,098 38172 15.3

foeticide were reported in the country
during 2012 as compared to 132
cases in the year 2011 indicating a
rise of 59.1%. Madhya Pradesh,
Rajasthan, Haryana, Punjab and
Maharashtra have reported 64
cases, 37 cases, 28 cases and 25
cases and 22 cases respectively of
such crimes.


Abetment to suicide
(Sec. 305 IPC)
(Incidence- 144)

144 cases of abetment to
suicide by children were reported
during the year 2012 as compared to
61 cases in the year 2011 denoting
an increase of 136.1% during the
year 2012.

Exposure & abandonment
(Sec. 317 IPC)
(Incidence-821 Rate- 0.2)

A total of 821 cases were reported
during 2012 as compared to 700
cases during 2011 showing an
increase of 17.3% during the year
2012. Maharashtra (24.2%) has
reported the highest number of such
cases (199 out of 821), followed by
Rajasthan (20.9%) (172 cases out of
821) of the total cases reported in the
country.


Procuration of minor girls
(Sec. 366A IPC)
(Incidence-809)

809 cases were reported in
the year 2012 as compared to 862
such cases in the year 2011,
accounting for 6.1% decrease over
2011. West Bengal has reported 369
such cases indicating a share of
45.6% at national level followed by
Assam (122), Bihar (48) and
Karnataka (45). Details are given at
Table 6(A).
0
5000
10000
15000
20000
25000
30000
35000
2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
I
n
c
i
d
e
n
c
e
Year
Crime Head Wise Incidence of Crime against Children
During 2008-2012
Other Cri mes Prohibition of Chi ld Marriage Act Sel li ng of Gi rls for Prosti tution
Buying of Girls for Prostituti on Procuration of Mi nor Gi rls Exposure & Abandonment
Abetment of Sui cide Foetici de Ki dnapping & Abducti on
Rape Infanti cide Murder
FIGURE 6.3


98
Buying/selling of girls for
prostitution
(Sec. 373/372 IPC)
(Incidence15/108)

15 cases of buying of girls
and 108 cases of selling of girls for
prostitution were reported in the
country during the year 2012 against
27 and 113 such cases respectively
in the year 2011. J harkhand(5
cases) has accounted for 33.3% of
total 15 cases of buying of girls for
prostitution' and West Bengal has
accounted for 51.9% (56 cases out of
108 cases) of the total cases of
selling of girls for prostitution'
reported in the country.



Disposal of crimes by police
& courts

The general trend of disposal
of IPC and SLL crimes by police &
courts has already been discussed in
detail in Chapter-4. The average
charge-sheeting rate for all the
crimes against children (IPC & SLL)
was 84.7% in 2012, which is
marginally higher than charge-
sheeting rate of 2011(82.5%). The
highest charge sheet rate was
observed in cases under buying of
girls for prostitution (100%) followed
by rape (97.6%) in comparison to
the prevailing national level charge-
sheeting rate of 78.8% for the IPC
crimes and 93.4% for SLL crimes.
The lowest charge sheet rate was
found in cases of exposure &
abandonment (14.9%). The details
are presented in Table-6.5.


The conviction rate at the
national level for these crimes stood
at 29.0%. The conviction rate under
crime head murder (40.2%) was
highest followed by Infanticide
(other than murder)(38.9%) during
the year 2012. State/UT-wise and
crime head-wise details are
presented in Table-6.3 to Table-6.8.



Disposal of persons arrested
by police & courts

The details of disposal of arrested
persons for committing crimes
against children are presented in
Table-6.9 to Tabl e-6.12. 37,541
(71.9%) arrested persons out of
52,243 arrested persons for these
crimes were charge-sheeted by the
police and correspondingly, only
5,710 persons were convicted
representing 29.0% conviction rate of
persons arrested, which is almost
same as conviction rate (case-wise)
for crimes committed against children
(29.0%).




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