M.TECH.

THERMAL POWER (MTP)

II Semester

Subject
Code
Name of the Subject
Teaching hours / week Marks for
Tota
l
Mar
ks
Lectur
e
Practi
cal
Field
work /
Tutorial
Duration of
Exam in
Hours
I.A.
Exa
m
10 MTP
21
Advanced Heat Transfer 04 02 -- 03 50 100 150
10 MTP
22
Steam & Gas Turbines 04 -- 02 03 50 100 150
10 MTP
23
Advanced Power Plant
Cycles
04 02 -- 03 50 100 150
10 MTP
24
Theory of 1C Engines 04 -- 02 03 50 100 150
10 MTP
25X
Elective - II 04 -- 02 03 50 100 150

* Project phase- 1 ( 6
weeks Duration)
-- -- -- --
10 MTP
26
Seminar -- -- 03 -- 50 -- 50
Total :- 20 04 09 300 500 800


Elective - II
10 MTP
251
Refrigeration and Air Conditioning
10 MTP
252
Thermal Power Station - 1
10 MTP
253
Alternate Fuels for 1C Engines

* Between the II Semester, After availing a vocation of 2 weeks.
Note: The Internal Assessment marks for the core subjects with 2 hours of Practical will have 30
marks for theory and 20 marks for practical work.
II SEMESTER
ADVANCED HEAT TRANSFER

Subject Code : 08 MTP 21 IA Marks : 50
No of Lecture Hrs/Week : 04 Exam hours : 03
Total No. of Lecture Hours : 52 Exam Marks : 100

1. Introduction and one-dimensional heat transfer: The modes of heat transfer, the laws of heat transfer,
problems Heat conduction in solids: Simple steady state problems in heat conduction, concept of thermal resistance,
the critical radius problem, the differential equation of heat conduction, heat generation, two dimensional steady
state heat conduction, unsteady state processes, extended surfaces- fins, other techniques for solving heat conduction
problems, the finite difference method for steady state situations, the finite difference method for unsteady state
situations, problems.
7 Hours

2. Steady state conduction in multiple dimensions: Mathematical analysis of 2-D heat conduction, graphical
analysis, the conduction shape factor, numerical method of analysis, Gauss-Siedel iteration, electrical anology for 2-
D conduction.
6 Hours

3. Thermal radiation: basic concepts, emission characteristics and laws of black body radiation, radiation
incident on a surface, solid angle and radiation intensity, heat exchange by radiation between two black surface
elements, heat exchange by radiation between two finite black surfaces, the shape factor, radiant heat exchange in an
enclosure having black surfaces, heat exchange by radiation between two finite parallel diffuse-gray surfaces, heat
exchange by radiation in an annular space between two infinitely long concentric cylinders , radiant heat exchange
in an enclosure having diffuse gray surfaces, problems.
6 Hours

4. Principles of fluid flow: the law of conservation of mass the differential equation of continuity, differential
equations of motion in fluid flow Navier-strokes equations, laminar flow in a circular pipe, turbulent flow in a pipe,
the velocity boundary layer, laminar flow over a flat plate, the integral method-an appropriate technique for solving
boundary layer problems, turbulent flow over a flat plate, problems.
7 Hours


5. Heat transfer by forced convection: the differential equation of heat convection, laminar flow heat transfer in
circular pipe, turbulent flow heat transfer in a pipe, the thermal boundary layer, heat transfer in laminar flow over a
flat plate, the integral method, analogy between heat and momentum transfer, heat transfer in turbulent flow over a
flat plate, flow across a cylinder, flow across a bank of tubes, problems.
7 Hours

6. Heat transfer by natural convection: natural convection heat transfer from a vertical plate, correlations for a
horizontal cylinder and a horizontal plate, correlations for enclosed spaces, problems.
6 Hours

7. Heat exchangers: types of heat exchangers, direct transfer type of heat exchangers, classification according to
flow arrangement, fouling factor, logarithmic mean temperature difference, the effectiveness-NTU method, other
design consideration, Compact heat exchangers.
7 Hours

8. Condensation and boiling: film and drop condensation, film condensation on a vertical plate, condensation on
horizontal tubes, bank of tubes, effect of superheated vapor and of non-condensable gases, types of boiling:
correlations in pool boiling heat transfer, forced convection boiling, problems.
6 Hours
REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. Heat Transfer A Basic Approach - Ozisik M.N., McGraw-Hill Publications, 1985.
2. Heat Transfer - Holmon J.P., McGraw-Hill Publications, 2002.
3. Principles of Heat Transfer - Frank Kreith & M. S. Bohn, Thomson Publications, 2001.


STEAM & GAS TURBINES

Subject Code : 08 MTP 22 IA Marks : 50
No of Lecture Hrs/Week : 04 Exam hours : 03
Total No. of Lecture Hours : 52 Exam Marks : 100

1. Nozzles and diffusers: Introduction types of nozzles, types of Diffusers, Equation of Continuity Sonic Velocity
and Mach Numbers, The Steady Flow Energy Equation in Nozzles, Gas Nozzles The Momentum Equation for the
flow Through Steam Nozzles, Entropy Changes with friction, Nozzle Efficiency, The Effect of Friction on the
Velocity of steam Leaving the Nozzles, Diffusion Efficiency, shape of Nozzle for Uniform Pressure Drop, Mass of
Discharge of Critical Pressure in Nozzle Flow or Chocked Flow, Physical Explanation of Critical Pressure,
Maximum Discharge of Saturated Steam, Maximum Discharge of Steam initially Superheated, Critical Pressure
Ratio for Adiabatic and Frictionless Expansion of Steam from Ratio for Adiabatic and Frictionless Expansion of
Steam from a given initial Velocity, Idea of Total or Stagnation Enthalpy and Pressure, General Relationship
Between or Area Velocity and pressure in Nozzle Flow ,Effect of Friction on Critical Pressure Ratio Critical
Pressure Ratio in a Frictionally Resisted Expansion from a Given Initial Velocity, Supersaturated Flow in Nozzles,
Effect of Variation of Back Pressure, Parameters Affecting the Performance of Nozzles, Experimental Methods to
Determine Velocity Coefficient, Experimental Results.
7 Hours

2. Steam Turbines Types and Flow of Steam through Impulse Blades
Principal of operation of turbine, Comparison of Steam Engines and Turbines, Classifications of Steam Turbine, The
Simple Impulse Turbine, Compounding of Impulse Turbine, Pressure Compounded Impels Turbine, Simple
Velocity Compounded Impulse Turbine, Pressure Velocity Compounded Impulse Turbine, Impulse Reaction
Turbine, Combination Turbines, Difference between Impulse and Reaction Turbines. Velocity Diagram for Impulse
Turbines, Combination of Vector Diagram , Forces on the Blade and Work done by Blades, Blade or Diagram
Efficiency ,Axial Thrust or end thrust on the rotor, Gross Stage Efficiency, Energy Converted heat by blade friction,
Influence of ratio of blade speed to steam speed on blade efficiency in single stage impulse turbine, Efficiency of
multistage impulse turbine with single row wheel, Velocity diagram for three row velocity compound wheel, Most
economical ratio of blade speed for a two row velocity compounded impulse wheel, Impulse blade suctions, Choice
of blade angle, Inlet blade angles, Blade heights in velocity compounded impulse turbine.
7 Hours

3. Flow of Steam Through Impulse-Reaction Turbine Blades: Velocity diagram, degree of reaction, impulse-
reaction turbine with similar blade section and half degree reaction turbine, height of reaction turbine blading, effect
of working steam on the stage efficiency of Parsons turbine, operation of impulse blaring with varying heat drop or
variable speed, impulse- reaction turbine section.
6 Hours

4. State Point Locus Reheat Factor and Design Procedure: Introduction, stage efficiency of impulse turbines,
state point locus of an impulse turbine, reheat factor, internal and other efficiencies, increase in isentropic heat drop
in a stage due to friction in proceeding stage, correction for terminal velocity, reheat factor for an expansion with the
uniform adiabatic index and a constant stage efficiency, correction of reheat factor for finite number of stages,
design procedure of impulse turbine, design procedure for impulse- reaction turbines.
7 Hours

5. Axial Flow and Centrifugal Compressors : Elementary theory, compressibility effects, factors affecting stage
pressure ratio, blockage in compressor annulus, degree of reaction, 3-dimensional flow, design process and blade
design, off design performance, compressor characteristics.
6 Hours

6. Shaft power Cycles and Gas turbine cycles for Air-craft propulsion: Ideal cycles, methods of accounting for
component cycles, design point performance calculations, comparative performance of practical cycles, COGAS
cycles and cogeneration schemes, closed cycle gas turbines, simple turbojet cycle, turbo fan engine, turbo prop
engine, thrust augmentation.
6 Hours

7. Axial and Radial Flow Gas Turbines and Prediction of performance: Elementary theory of axial flow
turbine, vortex theory, choice of blade profile, pitch and chord, estimation of blade performance, overall turbine
performance, the tooled turbine, the radial flow turbine. Component characteristics, off-design operation of the
single-shaft gas turbine, equilibrium running of a gas generator, off-design operation of free turbine engine, off-
design operation of the jet engine, methods of displacing the equilibrium running line, incorporation of variable
pressure losses.
6 Hours

8. Jet and Rocket Propulsion : The ram jet engine, pulse jet engine, turbo prop engine, turbo jet engine, thrust
equation, specific thrust, principles of rocket propulsion, ideal chemical rocket, advantages of liquid over solid
propellants, free radical propulsion, nuclear propulsion, electro dynamics propulsion, photon propulsion.
6 Hours

REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. Steam and Gas Turbines - R. Yadav, Central Publishing House, Allahabad.
2. Gas Turbine Theory - H.I.H. Saravanamuttoo, G.F.C. Rogers & H Cohen, Pearson Education.
3. Gas Turbines - V. Ganesan, Tata McGraw-Hill Publications.



ADVANCED POWER PLANT CYCLES

Subject Code : 08 MTP 23 IA Marks : 50
No of Lecture Hrs/Week : 04 Exam hours : 03
Total No. of Lecture Hours : 52 Exam Marks : 100

1. Analysis of Steam cycles: Rankine cycle, Carnot cycle, mean temperature of heat addition, effect of variation
of steam condition on thermal efficiency of steam power plant, reheating of steam, regeneration, regenerative feed
water heating, feed water heaters, carnotization of Rankine cycle, optimum degree of regeneration, Super critical
pressure cycle, steam power plant appraisal, Deaerator, typical layout of steam power plant, efficiencies in a steam
power plant, Cogeneration of Power and Process Heat, Numerical Problems.
7 Hours
2. Combined cycle power generation: Flaws of steam as working fluid in Power Cycle, Characteristics of ideal
working fluid in vapor power cycle, Binary vapor cycles, coupled cycles , combined cycle plants, gas turbine- steam
turbine power plant, MHD-steam power plant, Thermionic- Steam power plant, Numerical problems.
7 Hours

3. Fuels and combustion : Coal, fuel oil, natural and petroleum gas, emulsion firing, coal oil and coal water
mixtures, synthetic fuels, bio-mass, combustion reactions, heat of combustion and enthalpy of combustion,
theoretical flame temperature, free energy of formation, equilibrium constant, effect of dissociation, Numerical
problems.
6 Hours

4. Combustion Mechanisms : Kinetics of combustion, mechanisms of solid fuel combustion, kinetic and
diffusion control, pulverized coal firing system, fuel-bed combustion, fluidized bed combustion, coal gassifiers,
combustion of fuel oil, combustion of gas, combined gas fuel oil burners, Numerical problems.
6 Hours

5. Steam Generators: Basic type of steam generators, fire tube boilers, water tube boilers. Economizers,
superheaters, reheaters, steam generator control, air preheater, fluidized bed boilers, electrostatic precipitator, fabric
filters and bag houses, ash handling system, feed water treatment, deaeration, evaporation, internal treatment, boiler
blow down, steam purity, Numerical problems.
6 Hours

6. Condenser, feed water and circulating water systems: Need of condenser, direct contact condensers, feed
water heaters, circulating water system, cooling towers, calculations, Numerical Problems.
6 Hours

7. Nuclear Power Plants: Chemical and nuclear reactions, nuclear stability and binding energy, radioactive decay
and half life, nuclear fission, chain reaction, neutron energies. Neutron flux and reaction rates, moderating power
and moderating ratio, variation of neutron cross sections with neutron energy, neutron life cycle. Reflectors, Types
of Reactor, PWR, BWR, gas cooled reactors. Liquid metal fast breeder reactor, heavy water reactors, Fusion Power
reactors, Numerical problems.
7 Hours

8. Hydro Electric Power Plant: Introduction, advantages and disadvantages of water power, optimization of
hydro thermal mix, hydrological cycles, storage and pondage, essential elements of hydro electric power plant,
classification, hydraulic turbines Pelton wheel, Francis turbine, propeller and Kaplan turbines, Deriaz turbine, bulb
turbine, comparisons of turbines, selection of turbines, Numerical problems.
7 Hours

REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. Power Plant Engineering - P.K. Nag, Tata McGraw-Hill Publications.
2. Power Plant Engineering - M.M. EI-Wakil, McGraw- Hill Publications.


THEORY OF IC ENGINES

Subject Code : 08 MTP 24 IA Marks : 50
No of Lecture Hrs/Week : 04 Exam hours : 03
Total No. of Lecture Hours : 52 Exam Marks : 100

1. Engine Design and Operating Parameters: Engine characteristics, geometrical properties of reciprocating
engines, brake torque, indicated work, road load power, m.e.p., s.f.c. and efficiency, specific emissions and emission
index, relationships between performance parameters, Engine design and performance data.
7 Hours

2. Alternate fuels for I.C engines: Vegetable oils, alcohols, L.P.G, C.N.G, properties, emission characteristics,
F/ A ratio.
6 Hours

3. Ideal models for engine cycles: Thermodynamic relation for engine process, Ideal Cycle analysis, fuel-air
cycle analysis, over expanded engine cycles, Availability analysis of engine processes, comparison with real engine
cycle.
7 Hours

4. SI Engines fuel metering, manifold phenomena: S.I. Engine mixture requirements, carburetors, fundamentals
and design, fuel injection systems, feed back systems, flow past throttle plate, flow in in-take manifold.
6 Hours

5. Combustion in IC Engines: Combustion in SI Engines Flame front propagation, flame speed, rate of
pressure rise, knock in SI engines; combustion in CI engines ignition delay period, rapid and controlled
combustion, factors affecting delay period, knock in CI engines.
7 Hours

6. Engine Operating Characteristics: Engine performance parameters, Effect of spark-timing, Mixture
composition, load and speed and compression ratio on engine performance, efficiency and emissions, SI engine
combustion chamber design and optimization strategy, Testing of SI engine.
7 Hours

7. Instrumentation: Pressure measurement in engines, recording pressure and crank angle diagram, measurement
of pollutants.
6 Hours

8. Engine emissions and their control: Air pollution due to IC engines, Euro norms I & II, engine emissions,
emission control methods thermal converters, catalytic converters, particulate traps, Ammonia injection systems,
exhaust gas recirculation.
6 Hours

REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. V. Ganesan, Internal Combustion Engines, Tata McGraw-Hill Publications
2. John B. Heywood, IC Engines fundamentals, McGraw-Hill Publications
3. C.R. Fergusan, Internal Combustion Engines: Applied Thermo sciences, John Wiley & Sons.
REFRIGERATION AND AIR- CONDITIONING

Subject Code : 08 MTP 251 IA Marks : 50
No of Lecture Hrs/Week : 04 Exam hours : 03
Total No. of Lecture Hours : 52 Exam Marks : 100

1. Method of Refrigeration and Non-conventional refrigeration system: Ice refrigeration, evaporative
refrigeration, refrigeration by expansion of air, refrigeration by throttling of gas, Vapor refrigeration system, steam
jet refrigeration system, refrigeration by using liquid using liquid gases, dry ice refrigeration, types of refrigerants,
properties of refrigerants, thermoelectric refrigeration, vortex refrigeration, cooling by adiabatic demagnetization,
pulse tube refrigeration.
6 Hours

2. Air refrigeration system: Bell Coleman air refrigerator, advantages and disadvantages of air refrigeration
system, necessity of cooling the aero plane, factors considered in selecting the refrigeration system for aero plane,
simple cooling with simple evaporative type aero plane air conditioning, boot strap and boot strap evaporative type,
regenerative type, reduced ambient type, comparison of different systems, actual air conditioning system with
control, limitations, merits and comparisons.
7 Hours

3. Vapor compression refrigeration system: Simple vapor refrigeration system, T-s, h-s, p-h diagrams for vapor
compression refrigeration system, wet versus dry compression, vapor compression refrigeration systems with
multiple evaporators and compressors.
6 Hours

4. Absorption refrigeration system: Basic- absorption system, actual ammonia absorption system, Electrolux
refrigeration system, lithium bromide absorption refrigeration system, analysis of ammonia refrigeration system,
comparison of compression and absorption refrigeration system.
6 Hours

5. Psychometry: Psychometry and psychometric properties, psychometric relations, psychometric chart,
psychometric processes, requirements of comfort air conditioning, comfort chart, design consideration, summer air
conditioning system, winter air conditioning.
6 Hours

6. Cooling load calculations and design of air conditioning system: Different heat sources, conduction heat
load , radiation load of sun, occupants load, equipment load, infiltration air load, miscellaneous heat sources, fresh
air load , design of air conditioning system, bypass factor consideration, effective sensible heat factor, cooling coils
and dehumidifying air washers.
7 Hours

7. Air conditioning systems: Air conditioning systems central station air conditioning system, unitary air
conditioning system, direct air conditioning system, self contained air conditioning units, direct expansion system,
all eater system, all air system air water system , arrangement of the components of some air conditioned systems
used in practice, factory air conditioning.
7 Hours

8. Refrigeration and air conditioning equipments: Refrigeration equipments- Compressors, condensers and
cooling towers, evaporators, expansion devices, electric motors air conditioning equipments- air cleaning and air
filters, humidifiers, dehumidifiers from different reputed companies, fans and blower.
7 Hours


REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. A Course in refrigeration and Air- Conditioning - Arora and Domkundawar, Danpat Rai & Co
Publications
2. Basic Refrigeration and Air Conditioning - P.N. Ananthanarayanan, McGraw-Hill Publications
3. Refrigeration & Air Conditioning - Manohar Prasad., New Age International Publications.


THERMAL POWER STATION I

Subject Code : 08 MTP252 IA Marks : 50
No of Lecture Hrs/Week : 04 Exam hours : 03
Total No. of Lecture Hours : 52 Exam Marks : 100

1. Steam Generator and Auxiliaries: High pressure boilers, classification, schemes circulation, nature of fuels
and its influence on design, furnaces, PF burners, PF milling plant, oil and gas burner types and location,
arrangement of oil handling plant.
7 Hours
2. Waste heat recovery systems: Furnace circuit, steam side and waterside corrosion, pressure parts, super heater,
re-heater, and economizer, de-super heater, air heater, on-load cleaning of boilers.
7 Hours

3. Dust Extraction Equipment: Bag house, electrostatic precipitator, draught systems, FD, ID and PA fans,
chimneys, flue and ducts, dampers, thermal insulation and line tracing, FBC boilers and types., waste heat recovery
boilers.
6 Hours

4. Feed Water system: Impurities in water and its effects, feed and boiler water corrosion, quality of feed water,
boiler drum water treatment and steam purity, water treatment, clarification, demineralization, evaporation and
reverse osmosis plant.
7 Hours

5. Circulating water system: Introduction, System classification, The circulation system, Wet-Cooling towers,
Wet-cooling tower calculations, Dry cooling towers, Dry-cooling towers and plant efficiency and economics, wet-
dry cooling towers, cooling-tower icing, Cooling lakes and ponds, Spray ponds and canals.
7 Hours

6. Operation and Maintenance of Steam Generators and auxiliaries: Pre commissioning activities, Boiler start
up and shut down procedures, emergencies in boiler operation, Maintenance of Steam generator and auxiliaries.
6 Hours

7. Performance: Boiler efficiency and optimization, coal mill, fans, ESP
6 Hours

8. EIA study: Pollutants emitted, particulate matter, SOx and NOx and ground level concentration, basic study of
stack sizing.
6 Hours


REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. Power Plant Engineering - P.K. Nag, Tata McGraw-Hill Publications.
2. Power Plant Engineering - M.M. EI-Wakil, McGraw- Hill Publications.

ALTERNATIVE FUELS FOR IC ENGINES

Subject Code : 08 MTP253 IA Marks : 50
No of Lecture Hrs/Week : 04 Exam hours : 03
Total No. of Lecture Hours : 52 Exam Marks : 100

1. Fuels: Introduction, Structure of petroleum, Refining process, Products of refining process, Fuels for spark
ignition, Knock rating of SI engine fuels, Octane number requirement, Diesel fuels.
6 Hours

2. Properties of petroleum products: Specific gravity, Density, Molecular weight, Vapour pressure, Viscosity,
Flash point, Fire point, Cloud point, Pour point, Freezing point, Smoke point & Char value, Aniline point, Octane
Number, Performance Number, Cetane Number, Emulsification, Oxidation Stability, Acid Value/Number,
Distillation Range, and Sulphur content.
7 Hours

3. Alternative fuels for I.C. engines: Need for alternative fuels such as Ethanol, Methanol, LPG, CNG,
Hydrogen, Biogas and Producer gas and their methods of manufacturing.
7 Hours

4. Single Fuel Engines: Properties of alternative fuels, Use of alternative fuels in SI engines, Engine
modifications required, Performance and emission characteristics of alternative fuels in SI mode of operation v/s
gasoline operation.
7 Hours

5. Dual fuel Engine: Need and advantages, The working principle, Combustion in dual fuel engines, Factors
affecting combustion in dual fuel engine, Use of alcohols, LPG, CNG, Hydrogen, Biogas and Producer gas in CI
engines in dual fuel mode. Engine modifications required. Performance and emission characteristics of alternative
fuels (mentioned above) in Dual Fuel mode of operation v/s Diesel operation.
7 Hours

6. Bio-diesels: What are bio-diesels Need of bio-diesels, Properties of bio-diesels v/s petro-diesel, Performance
and emission characteristics of bio-diesels v/s Petro diesel operation.
6 Hours
7. Availability: Suitability & Future prospects of these gaseous fuels in Indian context.
6 Hours

8. Environmental pollution: with conventional and alternate fuels, Pollution control methods and packages.
6 Hours

REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. A Course in Internal Combustion Engines - R.P Sharma & M.L. Mathur, Danpat Rai & Sons.
2. Elements of Fuels, Furnaces & Refractories - O.P. Gupta, Khanna Publishers.
3. Internal Combustion Engines - Domkundwar V.M., I Edition, Dhanpat Rai & Sons.
4. Internal Combustion Engines Fundamentals - John B. Heywood, McGraw Hill International Edition.
5. Present and Future Automotive Fuels - Osamu Hirao & Richard Pefley, Wiley Interscience Publications.
6. Internal Combustion Engines - V. Ganesan, Tata McGraw-Hill Publications.