CBE CITATION GUIDE

(Accessed from http://library.osu.edu/sites/guides/csegd.php)

Introduction
This guide is based on Scientific Style and Format: The CSE Manual for Authors, Editors, and
Publishers 7th edition, 2006.

Examples are provided in Name-Year format. Bibliography items are listed alphabetically at the
end of the research paper. These items are referred to in the body of the paper using the In-Text
style.


BOOK
Bibliography:
McCormac JS, Kennedy G. 2004. Birds of Ohio. Auburn (WA): Lone Pine. p. 77-78.
In-Text:
(McCormac and Kennedy 2004)


BOOK CHAPTER
(or other book part with different author)
Bibliography:
McDaniel TK, Valdivia RH. 2005. New tools for virulence gene discovery. In: Cossart P, Boquet
P, Normark S, Rappuoli R, editors. Cellular microbiology. 2nd ed. Washington (DC): ASM
Press. p 473-488.
In-Text:
(McDaniel and Valdivia 2005)


JOURNAL ARTICLE
Bibliography:
Meise CJ, Johnson DL, Stehlik LL, Manderson J, Shaheen P. 2003. Growth rates of juvenile
Winter Flounder under varying environmental conditions. Trans Am Fish Soc 132(2):225-345.
In-Text:
(Meise et al. 2003)


DISSERTATION/THESIS
Bibliography:
Dettmers JM. 1995. Assessing the trophic cascade in reservoirs: the role of an introduced
predator [dissertation]. Columbus (OH):Ohio State University. p. 7-14.
In-Text:
(Dettmers 1995)


CONFERENCE PAPER
Bibliography:
Clarke A, Crame JA. 2003. Importance of historical processes in global patterns of diversity. In:
Blackburn TM, Gaston KJ, editors. Macroecology: concepts and consequences. Proceedings of
the 43rd annual symposium of the British Ecological Society; 2002 Apr 17-19; Birmingham.
Malden (MA):Blackwell. p 130-152.
In-Text:
(Clarke and Crame 2003)


CONFERENCE ABSTRACT
Bibliography:
Swanson TA, Blair P, Madigan L. 2004. Reduction in medication errors through redesign of the
medication use system [abstract]. In: American Society of Health-System Pharmacists 39th
midyear meeting; 2004 Dec 5-9; Orlando. Bethesda (MD):American Society of Health-System
Pharmacists. MCS-28.
In-Text:
(Swanson et al. 2004)


TECHNICAL REPORT
Bibliography:
Ford PL, Fagerlund RA, Duszynski DW, Polechla PJ. 2004. Fleas and lice of mammals in New
Mexico. Fort Collins (CO): USDA Forest Service Rocky Mountain Research Station. General
Technical Report No. RMRS-GTR-123.
In-Text:
(Ford er al. 2004)


ELECTRONIC ARTICLE
(from publishers' Web site)
Bibliography:
Leng F, Amado L, McMacken R. 2004. Coupling DNA supercoiling to transcription in defined
protein systems. Journal of Biological Chemistry [Internet]. [cited 2007 Jul 24] 279(46):47564-
47571. Available from: http://www.jbc.org/cgi/reprint/279/46/47564
In-Text:
(Leng et al. 2004)

ELECTRONIC ARTICLE
(from online-only journal)
Bibliography:
Hong P, Wong W. 2005. GeneNotes: a novel information management software for biologists.
BMC Bioinformatics [Internet]. [cited 2007 Jul 24] 6:20. Available from:
http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2105/6/20
In-Text:
(Hong and Wong 2005)
ELECTRONIC ARTICLE
(from online encyclopedia)
Bibliography:
Wang C. c2007. Stem Cells. In: AccessScience@ McGraw-Hill. [Internet] Hightstown
(NJ):McGraw-Hill Education: [cited 2007 Sept 10]. Available from:
http://www.accessscience.com/content/aspp?id+800100
In-Text:
(Wang c2007)


ELECTRONIC ARTICLE
Bibliography:
Rollin, BE. The unheeded cry: animal consciousness, animal pain, and science [Internet]. Ames
(IA): The Iowa State University Press; 1998 [cited 2007 August 27]. Available from:
http://www.netlibrary.com
In-Text:
(Rollin 1998)


WEB SITE
(no author listed)
Bibliography:
Emerald Ash Borer (EAB) [Internet]. [updated 2007 Feb 27]. Columbus (OH):OhioDepartment
of Natural Resources, Division of Forestry; [cited 2007 Jul 24]. Available from:
http://www.dnr.state.oh.us/sorestry/health/eah.htm
In-Text:
(Emerald Ash Borer ... [updated 2007]


ELECTRONIC ARTICLE
(encyclopedia in a database)
Bibliography:
Wang C. c2007. Stem Cells. In: AccessScience@ McGraw-Hill. [Internet] [Hightstown
(NJ)]:McGraw-Hill Education: [cited 2007 Sept 10]. Available from:
http://www.accessscience.com/content/aspp?id+800100
In-Text:
(Wang c2007)









In-text Parenthetical References
A standard in-text parenthetical reference for a journal article includes the author's last
name and the publication date. If the quotation or idea you are using comes from a
specific page in your source, you should indicate that as well. The period goes after the
reference. For example,
"As the body count among women rises as a result of smoking, tobacco
companies continue to spend millions of dollars on advertising and promotional
campaigns targeting women with the message that cigarettes make women
more empowered, independent, and alluring" (Slomski 2003, p 41).
If you use a signal phrase that includes the author's name, the in-text parenthetical
reference would list only the publication date and page number. For example,
According to Anita Slomski (2003, p 41), "As the body count among women
rises as a result of smoking, tobacco companies continue to spend millions of
dollars on advertising and promotional campaigns targeting women with the
message that cigarettes make women more empowered, independent, and
alluring."

For a journal article
with
you will use
Your in-text parenthetical reference
would look like this:
two authors both authors' last names.
(Richardson and Somes 1999, p
17)
three or more
authors
the first author's last
name followed by "and
others."
(Jones and others 2000)
a corporate author
the abbreviated name of
the corporation,
association, or
committee.
(ABN 2001, p 251)
ABN = Association of British
Neurologists
no author Anonymous.
(Anonymous 2002, p 78)
(Anonymous 1997)
no page numbers
(such as HTML full-
text articles from
databases)
a paragraph number. (Denison 1986, par 3)
In-text Parenthetical References
A standard in-text parenthetical reference for a magazine article includes the author's
last name and the publication date. If the quotation or idea you are using comes from a
specific page in your source, you should indicate that as well. The period goes after the
reference. For example,
"Surveys have found that 80% to 90% of mobile-phone owners use their
phones while driving at least some of the time, and about 30% of them
regularly use their phones and drive at the same time" (Ropeik 2003, p 14).
If you use a signal phrase that includes the author's name, the in-text parenthetical
reference would list only the publication date and page number. For example,
According to David Ropeik (2003, p14), "Surveys have found that 80% to 90%
of mobile-phone owners use their phones while driving at least some of the
time, and about 30% of them regularly use their phones and drive at the same
time."

For a magazine
article with
you will use
Your in-text parenthetical reference
would look like this:
two authors both authors' last names. (Gray and Smith 1999, p 21)
three or more
authors
the first author's last
name followed by "and
others."
(Moore and others 2000)
a corporate author
the abbreviated name of
the corporation,
association, or
committee.
(NAS 2003, p 54)
NAS = National Academy of
Sciences
no author Anonymous.
(Anonymous 1997, p 18)
(Anonymous 1995)
no page numbers
(such as HTML full-
text articles from
databases)
a paragraph number. (Phillips 2002, par 5)
Formatting Long Quotes CBE Style
If a quote you are using in your paper is longer than three lines, you need to insert it as
a block quote. The CBE style manual recommends indenting the quote and formatting
it with a smaller font than the rest of the paper.
On a new line, indent one-half inch from the left margin (one tab). If the paper is to be
double spaced, also double space the quote. If your paper is to be single spaced,
single space the quote as well. Adjust the font size to be smaller than the paper text -
for example, if the paper is in 12 point font, use 10 point for the block quote. Do not
include quotation marks.
Place the in-text parenthetical reference at the end of the last line of the quotation.
Insert the period before the reference. Below is an excerpt from a research paper that
includes a block quote.

There is no question that the use of cell phones over the last several
years has increased. They are the ultimate in convenience, allowing for
communication almost anywhere at anytime. People use cell phones on
the street, in restaurants and movies, on airplanes, in grocery stores,
etc. No place has the use of cell phones caused more uproar and
debate than in vehicles - when the driver is the one doing the talking and

the driving.

Surveys have found that 80% to 90% of mobile-phone owners use
their phones while driving at least some of the time, and about 30%
of them regularly use their phones and drive at the same time.
Depending on the region of the country, between 40% and 70% of
calls from mobile phones are made by people who are driving. These
people are DWP - driving while phoning - and their use of the phone
as they drive is creating a risk. (Ropeik 2003, p 14)


What kind of a risk? Distraction. Many people are used to multi-tasking
- doing multiple things at the same time. However, when operating a
vehicle, the driver's full attention should be focused on driving and
nothing else.


In-text Parenthetical References
A standard in-text parenthetical reference for a newspaper article includes the author's
last name and the publication date. If the quotation or idea you are using comes from a
specific section and page in your source, you should indicate that as well. The period
goes after the reference. For example,
"Wearing an adult seat belt cut a child's risk of injury by 38 percent, but using a
booster seat with a belt cut it by 78 percent" (Wald 2003, p A25).
If you use a signal phrase that includes the author's name, the in-text parenthetical
reference would list only the publication date and section and page number. For
example,
According to Matthew Wald (2003, p A25), "Wearing an adult seat belt cut a
child's risk of injury by 38 percent, but using a booster seat with a belt cut it by
78 percent."

For a newspaper
article with
you will use
Your in-text parenthetical reference
would look like this:
two authors both authors' last names. (Leary and Durbin 1998, p B21)
three or more
authors
the first author's last
name followed by "and
others."
(Gardiner and others 2003)
no author Anonymous.
(Anonymous 2000, p D8)
(Anonymous 2002)
no page numbers
(such as HTML full-
text articles from
databases)
a paragraph number. (Durand 1999, par 5)
Formatting Long Quotes CBE Style
If a quote you are using in your paper is longer than three lines, you need to insert it as
a block quote. The CBE style manual recommends indenting the quote and formatting
it with a smaller font than the rest of the paper.
On a new line, indent one-half inch from the left margin (one tab). If the paper is to be
double spaced, also double space the quote. If your paper is to be single spaced,
single space the quote as well. Adjust the font size to be smaller than the paper text -
for example, if the paper is in 12 point font, use 10 point for the block quote. Do not
include quotation marks.
Place the in-text parenthetical reference at the end of the last line of the quotation.
Insert the period before the reference. Below is an excerpt from a research paper that
includes a block quote.

When a child has outgrown his/her car seat, what's next? Should the
child use an adult seat belt or what's referred to as a "booster seat?" A
recent study indicates that booster seats are the safer choice.


In a car crash, a child in a booster seat has less than half the risk of
injury of a child wearing only an adult seat belt, a study of more than
3,600 crashes has found. The study, published in the Journal of the
American Medical Association, covered more than 4,200 children
who were too big for child car seats but too short for adult seat belts.
Wearing an adult seat belt cut a child's risk of injury by 38 percent,
but using a booster seat with a belt cut it by 78 percent. (Wald 2003,
p A25)


Not only will using a booster seat keep a child safe in the event of an
accident, but it will also keep the driver of the vehicle out of trouble with
the law.

In-text Parenthetical References
A standard in-text parenthetical reference for a book includes the author's last name
and the publication date. If the quotation or idea you are using comes from a specific
page in your source, you should indicate that as well. The period goes after the
reference. For example,
"While senior citizens comprise about 36 percent of the U.S. adult population,
it's estimated that they represent 56 percent of consumer fraud victims"
(Bertrand 1999, p 21).
If you use a signal phrase that includes the author's name, the in-text parenthetical
reference would list only the publication date and page number. For example,
According to Marsha Bertrand (1999, p 21), "While senior citizens comprise
about 36 percent of the U.S. adult population, it's estimated that they represent
56 percent of consumer fraud victims."

For a book with you will use
Your in-text parenthetical reference
would look like this:
two authors both authors' last names. (Gilbert and Jacobs 1995, p 21)
three or more the first author's last (McCarthy and others 1999)
authors name followed by "and
others."
a corporate author
the abbreviated name of
the corporation,
association, or
committee.
(AMA 2002, p 251)
AMA = American Medical
Association
no author Anonymous. (Anonymous 1982)
an editor
the editor's last name,
comma, and "ed."
(Ellis, ed. 1987)
Formatting Long Quotes CBE Style
If a quote you are using in your paper is longer than three lines, you need to insert it as
a block quote. The CBE style manual recommends indenting the quote and formatting
it with a smaller font than the rest of the paper.
On a new line, indent one-half inch from the left margin (one tab). If the paper is to be
double spaced, also double space the quote. If your paper is to be single spaced,
single space the quote as well. Adjust the font size to be smaller than the paper text -
for example, if the paper is in 12 point font, use 10 point for the block quote. Do not
include quotation marks.
Place the in-text parenthetical reference at the end of the last line of the quotation.
Insert the period before the reference. Below is an excerpt from a research paper that
includes a block quote.

On the phone, at the door, and through the mail, senior citizens are often
the targets of con artists and scams.


The experience of being defrauded is devastating for a senior citizen.
Senior citizens don't have the time or ability to work to replace lost
funds. Many times, because of these frauds, their standard of living is
severely affected. They may lose their home or be forced to sell it.
Their families are also affected when they're called on to support a
once self-supporting family member. (Bertrand 1999, p 21)


Senior citizens do not have to become victims of fraud. By taking a few
precautions and not letting greed overcome common sense, they can be
safe.

In-text Parenthetical References
A standard in-text parenthetical reference for a Web page includes the author's last
name and the publication date. The period goes after the reference. For example,
"Two trends are largely responsible for the rise in homelessness over the past
20-25 years: a growing shortage of affordable rental housing and a
simultaneous increase in poverty" (Miller 2002).
If you use a signal phrase that includes the author's name, the in-text parenthetical
reference would list only the publication date. For example,
According to Juanita Miller (2002), "Two trends are largely responsible for the
rise in homelessness over the past 20-25 years: a growing shortage of
affordable rental housing and a simultaneous increase in poverty."

For a Web page
with
you will use
Your in-text parenthetical reference
would look like this:
two authors both authors' last names. (Paradis and Worden 2003)
three or more
authors
the first author's last
name followed by "and
others."
(French and others 2000)
a corporate author
the abbreviated name of
the corporation,
association, or
committee.
(NRA 2003)
NRA = National Rifle Association
no author Anonymous. (Anonymous 2002)
Formatting Long Quotes CBE Style
If a quote you are using in your paper is longer than three lines, you need to insert it as
a block quote. The CBE style manual recommends indenting the quote and formatting
it with a smaller font than the rest of the paper.
On a new line, indent one-half inch from the left margin (one tab). If the paper is to be
double spaced, also double space the quote. If your paper is to be single spaced,
single space the quote as well. Adjust the font size to be smaller than the paper text -
for example, if the paper is in 12 point font, use 10 point for the block quote. Do not
include quotation marks.
Place the in-text parenthetical reference at the end of the last line of the quotation.
Insert the period before the reference. Below is an excerpt from a research paper that
includes a block quote.

The cost of housing is an issue for poor people in general and for poor
homeless people as well.


Homelessness and poverty are inextricably linked. Poor people are
frequently unable to pay for housing, food, child care, health care,
and education. Difficult choices must be made when limited
resources cover only some of these necessities. Often it is housing,
which absorbs a high proportion of income, that must be dropped.
Being poor means being an illness, an accident, or a paycheck away
from living on the streets. (Miller 2002)


A lack of affordable housing in this country is forcing poor people onto
the streets and keeping those already on the street from finding places to
live.