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Experiment 1

This document discusses factors that affect the rate of chemical reactions. It explains that reaction rate is determined by how fast reactants are used up or products are formed. The main factors discussed are: 1) Concentration - Reaction rate increases with higher concentrations as there are more collisions between reactant particles. 2) Temperature - Reaction rate increases with temperature for exothermic reactions as temperature lowers the activation energy required. It decreases with temperature for endothermic reactions. 3) Catalysts - Catalysts speed up reaction rates by lowering the activation energy required for reactions to occur without being used up in the reactions.

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Myzhel Inumerable
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125 views3 pages

Experiment 1

This document discusses factors that affect the rate of chemical reactions. It explains that reaction rate is determined by how fast reactants are used up or products are formed. The main factors discussed are: 1) Concentration - Reaction rate increases with higher concentrations as there are more collisions between reactant particles. 2) Temperature - Reaction rate increases with temperature for exothermic reactions as temperature lowers the activation energy required. It decreases with temperature for endothermic reactions. 3) Catalysts - Catalysts speed up reaction rates by lowering the activation energy required for reactions to occur without being used up in the reactions.

Uploaded by

Myzhel Inumerable
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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EXPERIMENT 1 REACTION RATE

PRELAB DISCUSSION:

CHEMICAL KINETICS
- area of chemistry concerned with the speed at which chemical reactions occur

REACTION RATE
- determines how fast a reactant is used up or how fast a product is formed

COLLISION THEORY
For a chemical reaction to take place,
Particles must collide
With sufficient energy, and
Proper orientation

ENERGY OF ACTIVATION (Ea)
- minimum energy required to start a chemical reaction. Lack of Ea, the molecules remains
intact and no change results in the collision.
Small Ea = R no Ea = no change

COLLISION (KE) Ea R T



FACTORS AFFECTING THE REACTION RATE
NATURE OF REACTING
SUBSTANCE AND
STATE OF
SUBDIVISION
CONCENTRATION DIRECTLY PROPORTIONAL
TEMPERATURE DIRECTLY PROPORTIONAL
CATALYST ACCELERATOR
(+)
COLLISION (KE) Ea R
T
INHIBITOR
(-)
COLLISION (KE) Ea R T
OTHERS PRESSURE P R T
PHYSICAL STATE Gas R
EXTERNAL
FACTORS
(MIXING)
COLLISION (KE) Ea R T





EXPERIMENT 1 REACTION RATE
POST-LAB DISCUSSION:

Solution A Potassium iodate 0.1 M KIO3 Oxidizing agent
Solution B Sodium bisulfite 0.1 M NaHSO3 Reducing agent
Starch solution Indicator
Sulfuric acid 0.1 M H2SO4 Positive Catalyst


1. IO3
-
+ HSO3
-
I
-
+ SO4
-2


IO3
-
I
HSO3
-
SO4
-2

(6e- +6H
+
+ IO3
-
I
-
+ 3H2O) 2 (H2O + HSO3
-
SO4
-2
+

2H
+
+ 2e-)6
12e- + 12H
+
+ 2IO3
-
2I
-
+ 6H2O 6H2O + 6HSO3
-
6SO4
-2
+

18H
+
+ 12e-
2IO3
-
2I
-

6HSO3
-
6SO4
-2
+

3H
+
/2
3HSO3
-
3SO4
-2


6HSO3
-
+ 3HSO3
-
6SO4
-2
+ 3SO4
-2



2. H
+
+ I
-
+ IO3
-
I2
-
+ H2O

I
-
I2
-
IO3
-
I2
-

(2I
-
I2
-
+2e-)10 (10e- + 12H
+
+ 2IO3
-
I2
-
+ 6H2O)2
20I
-
10I2
-
+20e- 20e- + 24H
+
+ 4IO3
-
2I2
-
+ 12H2O
20I
-
10I2
-
24H
+
+ 4IO3
-
2I2
-
+ 12H2O
20I
-
+ 24H
+
+ 4IO3
-
10I2
-
+ 2I2
-
+ 12H2O /2
10I
-
+ 12H
+
+ 2IO3
-
5I2
-
+ I2
-
+ 6H2O /2


5I
-
+ 6H
+
+ IO3
-
3I2
-
+ 3H2O


3. HSO3
-
+ I2 + H2O I
-
+ SO4
-2
+ H
+


I2
-
+2e- 2I
-
H2O + HSO3
-
SO4
-2
+ 3H
+
+ 2e-
H2O + HSO3
-
+ I2
-
2I
-
+ SO4
-2
+ 3H
+




FACTORS AFFECTING THE REACTION RATE
NATURE OF
REACTANTS - STATE
OF SUBDIVISION
FASTER
REACTION
RATE
METALS OF GROUP 1A 2A Readily loose electrons
and acquire a (+) charge
NONMETALS OF GROUP 7A Readily gain electrons
and acquire a (-) charge
IONIC/ELECTROVALENT COMPOUNDS
FINER/SMALLER PARTICLE SIZE
EFFECT OF
CONCENTRATION
Due to number of increase in the particles, increase collision. Dependence of
rate on concentration:




EFFECT OF
TEMPERATURE
DIRECTLY PROPORTIONAL EXOTHERMIC Ea
COLLISSIONACKERT ENDOTHERMIC Ea
CATALYST Substance that
speeds up the rate of
chemical reaction
without itself being
consumed
uncatalyzed Ea
catalyzed Ea

ACTIVATED COMPLEX
- temporary species formed by the reactant molecules as a result of collision before they form
the products. High stable species with a potential energy.

By heating the mixture, you will raise the energy levels of the molecules.

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