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Further Maths Distribution PDF

This document contains 6 multi-part questions about probability distributions and random variables. Question 1 asks about the mean and probabilities related to the number of throws needed to roll a 5 or 6 on a fair die. Question 2 involves the probability of a player winning their first game in a series against an opponent. Question 3 is about the probability of a light bulb failing after being switched on a certain number of times. Question 4 asks about sampling people until a left-handed person is found. Questions 5 and 6 both involve calculating expectations and probabilities for random variables related to accepting manuscripts and scoring goals in a game.

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Bala Ganabathy
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151 views2 pages

Further Maths Distribution PDF

This document contains 6 multi-part questions about probability distributions and random variables. Question 1 asks about the mean and probabilities related to the number of throws needed to roll a 5 or 6 on a fair die. Question 2 involves the probability of a player winning their first game in a series against an opponent. Question 3 is about the probability of a light bulb failing after being switched on a certain number of times. Question 4 asks about sampling people until a left-handed person is found. Questions 5 and 6 both involve calculating expectations and probabilities for random variables related to accepting manuscripts and scoring goals in a game.

Uploaded by

Bala Ganabathy
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Two-Player Geometric Distribution Past Year Questions

1. A fair die is thrown until a 5 or a 6 is obtained. The number of throws taken is denoted by the
random variable X. State the mean value of X.
Find the probability that obtaining a 5 or a 6 takes more than 8 throws.
Find the least integer n suh that the probability of obtaining a 5 or a 6 in fewer than n throws is
more than !."".

#. A hess player$ X$ plays a series of games against an opponent %. For eah game$ the probability
that X wins is p$ independently of the results of other games. &rite down the probability$ in terms
of p and n$ that X's first win is in the nth game.

The number of games up to and inluding X's first win is denoted by N.

(a) &rite down *(+) and ,ar(+) in terms of p$ and dedue *(+
#
).
(b) Find -(1.+.a)$ where a is a positive integer.
() /f X plays 0 games against %$ show that the probability that this series of games ontains at least #
onseutive wins by X is p
#
(12#p).

1. A bulb is tested by swithing on and off repeatedly. *ah time the bulb is swithed on$ the
probability that it fails is 13#!!. Assuming independene$ find the probability that the bulb is still
burning after it has been swithed on 1!! times.

The bulb fails when it is swithed on for the Nth time. &rite down the value of *(+)$ and find the
greatest value of n suh that -(+4n) is less than !.1.

0. 5n average 1 in 8 people in a partiular ommunity is left2handed and the rest are right2handed. A
sample of people is hosen at random$ one by one$ until a left2handed person is obtained. Find
the probability that the number of people in the sample is less than 1#.

Another sample is hosen at random$ one by one$ until at least one left2handed and at least one2
right handed person have been obtained. The number of people in this sample is denoted by +$ so
that the sample onsists of
*ither 6 (+21) left2handed people followed by one right2handed person
5r 6 (+21) right2handed people followed by one left2handed person
5btain -(+7r)$ for r8#$ and show that E(N) = 8
1
7
.

5. An author sends his first manusript to a large number of publishers$ 9$ :$ *$ ;$ in turn$ only
approahing eah one$ after the first$ if the one before has refused it. There is a onstant
probability < that his manusript will be aepted by eah publisher approahed. The random
variable = is the number of publishers approahed$ up to and inluding the one who aepts the
manusript. &rite down the value of *(=) and ,ar(=)$ an alulate
P [|H-E(H)| < Ior(H)
For his seond manusript$ the author deides to approah two other publishers$ A then >$ for
eah of whom the probability of aeptane is ?$ before he approahes 9$ :$ *$; . The probability
of aeptane by eah of these publishers remains <. The random variable + is the number of A$
>$ 9$ :$ *$ ; approahed$ up to and inluding the one who aepts this manusript. &rite down
the first few terms of the series for *(=) and *(+). >y omparing orresponding terms$ after the
seond$ and using your value for *(=)$ show that E(N) =
5
2
.

@se a similar method to show that E(N
2
) =
27
2
$ and hene find ,ar(+).

6. Ale and >ill take alternate turns at kiking a football at a goal$ and their probabilities of soring a
goal on eah kik are p
1
and p
2
respetively$ independently of previous outomes. The fire person
to sore allows the other person one more kik. /f the other then sores$ the game is drawn. /f the
other then misses$ the first has won the game. Ale begins a game. Show that the probability that
(a) Ale sores first$ on his nth kik$ is p
1
(q
1
q
2
)
n-1
, wbcrc q
1
= 1 - p
1
onJ q
2
= 1 - p
2

(b) Ale wins the game is
p
1
q
2
1-q
1
q
2

() The game is drawn
p
1
p
2
(1+q
1
)
1-q
1
q
2

Aiven that p
1
= p
2
=
1
3
$ find the eBpeted total number of kiks in the game.
C. An arher shoots at a target. /t may be assumed that eah shot is independent of all other shots
and that$ on average$ she hits the bull's2eye with 1 shots in #!. Find the probability that she
reDuires at least 6 shots to hit the bull's2eye.
&hen she hits the bull's2eye for the third time$ her total number of shots is %. Show that
P( = r) =
1
2
(r -1)(r - 2) _
S
2u
]
3
_
17
2u
]
-3

Simplify
P(=+1)
P(=)
, and hene find the set of values of r for whih P( = r + 1) < P( = r).
:edue the most probable value of %.

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