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Relation and Functions

This document provides information on the difference between functions and relations in mathematics. It defines a relation as a set of inputs and outputs that can be represented by ordered pairs or a mapping diagram, while a function is a special type of relation where each input only corresponds to a single output. The document introduces the vertical line test to determine if a relation represented by a graph is a function, and explains function notation like f(x). It provides examples of evaluating functions at different inputs and combining functions using operations. The last pages contain exercises asking students to identify domains and ranges, determine if relations are functions, graph relations, and perform calculations with functions.

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5ryoone
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603 views

Relation and Functions

This document provides information on the difference between functions and relations in mathematics. It defines a relation as a set of inputs and outputs that can be represented by ordered pairs or a mapping diagram, while a function is a special type of relation where each input only corresponds to a single output. The document introduces the vertical line test to determine if a relation represented by a graph is a function, and explains function notation like f(x). It provides examples of evaluating functions at different inputs and combining functions using operations. The last pages contain exercises asking students to identify domains and ranges, determine if relations are functions, graph relations, and perform calculations with functions.

Uploaded by

5ryoone
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Worked out by Jakubkov K.

1

Math Worksheet 1 FUNCTION versus RELATION
Relations
A relation is a set of inputs and outputs, often written as ordered pairs (input, output). We
can also represent a relation as a mapping diagram or a graph. For example, the relation can
be represented as:







Mapping Diagram of Relation Graph of Relation
y is not a function of x (x = 0 has multiple outputs)


Functions

A function is a relation in which each input x (domain) has only one output y(range).






To check if a relation is a function, given a mapping diagram of the relation, use the
following criterion:
1. If each input has only one line connected to it, then the outputs are a function of the
inputs.
2. The Vertical Line Tests for Graphs
To determine whether y is a function of x, given a graph of a relation, use the following
criterion: if every vertical line you can draw goes through only 1 point, y is a function of x. If
you can draw a vertical line that goes through 2 points, y is not a function of x. This is called
the vertical line test.



Worked out by Jakubkov K. 2

In the following graphs:
y is a function of x (passes vertical line trest) y is not a function of x (fails vertical line test)










Function notation
There is a special notation, that is used to represent this situation:
if the function name is f , and the input name is x ,then the unique corresponding output is
called f(x) (which is read as " f of x ".)
We can also use letters: g(x), h(x) or simply y

Question: What does the function notation g(7) represent?
Answer: the output from the function g when the input is 7

Question: Suppose f(x) = x + 2 . What is f(3) ?
Answer: f(3) = 3 + 2 = 5 (simply substitute number 3 for the variable x)

Question: Suppose f(x) = x + 2 . What is f(x+5) ?
Answer: f(x+5) = (x + 5) + 2 = x + 7

Operations with functions
Given f(x) = 3x + 2 and g(x) = 4 5x, find (f + g)(x), (f g)(x), (fg)(x), and (f / g)(x).
(f + g)(x) = f(x) + g(x) = [3x + 2] + [4 5x] = 3x 5x + 2 + 4 = 2x + 6
(f g)(x) = f(x) g(x) = [3x + 2] [4 5x] = 3x + 5x + 2 4 = 8x 2
(fg)(x) = [f(x)][g(x)] = (3x + 2)(4 5x) = 12x + 8 15x
2
10x = 15x
2
+ 2x + 8




Worked out by Jakubkov K. 3


Exercises
State the domain and range of each relation. Then determine whether each relation is a
function
.
Graph each relation or equation and determine the domain and range.

Find each value if f(x) = 2x - 1 and g(x) = 2 - x2.
9. f(0) 10. f(12) 11. g(4)
12. f(-2) 13. g(-1) 14. f(d)

Worked out by Jakubkov K. 4

Homework
State the domain and range of each relation. Then determine whether each relation is
a function
Graph each relation or equation and determine the domain and range.

Find each value if f(x) = 5x + 2 and g(x) = -2x + 3.
7. f(3) 8. f(-4) 9. g ( 1 2)
10. f(-2) 11. g(-6) 12. f(m - 2)

13. Use the functions below to perform the following operations:

f(x) = 2x g(x) = x 2 h(x) = x
2
k(x) = x/2


k(x) x f(x)
g(x) - h(x)
f(x) - k(x)
h(x) + k(x)
f(x) k(x)
g(x) x h(x)

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