BSC202 Manual

BSC202 and BSC203
Benc ht op St epper Mot or Cont r ol l er

User Gui de
Original Instructions
2 HA0278T Rev F Aug 2014
Contents
Chapter 1 Safety ............................................................................................. 4
1.1 Safety Information .................................................................................. 4
1.2 General Warnings .................................................................................. 4
Chapter 2 Overview........................................................................................ 5
2.1 Introduction ............................................................................................. 5
2.2 APT PC Software Overview ................................................................... 7
2.2.1 Introduction ......................................................................................................... 7
2.2.2 APTUser Utility ................................................................................................... 8
2.2.3 APT Config Utility ............................................................................................... 9
2.2.4 APT Server (ActiveX Controls) ......................................................................... 10
2.2.5 Software Upgrades ........................................................................................... 11
Chapter 3 Getting Started ............................................................................ 12
3.1 Installing APT Software ........................................................................ 12
3.2 Mechanical Installation ......................................................................... 13
3.2.1 Siting ................................................................................................................ 13
3.2.2 Environmental Conditions ................................................................................ 13
3.3 Electrical Installation ............................................................................. 14
3.3.1 Connecting To The Supply ............................................................................... 14
3.3.2 Fuses ................................................................................................................ 14
3.3.3 Rear Panel Connections .................................................................................. 15
3.4 Front Panel Controls and Indicators .................................................... 16
3.5 Connecting The Hardware ................................................................... 16
3.6 Select the Stage Type (Using APTConfig) ........................................... 17
3.7 Verifying Software Operation ............................................................... 18
3.7.1 Initial Setup ....................................................................................................... 18
Chapter 4 Operation - Tutorial ................................................................... 20
4.1 Introduction ........................................................................................... 20
4.2 Using the APT User Utility .................................................................... 20
4.3 Homing Motors ..................................................................................... 21
4.4 Moving to an Absolute Position ............................................................ 22
4.5 Changing Motor Parameters ................................................................ 23
4.6 Jogging ................................................................................................. 24
4.7 Graphical Control Of Motor Positions (Point and Move) ...................... 25
4.8 Setting Move Sequences ..................................................................... 27
4.9 Using a Joystick Console ..................................................................... 30
4.10 Creating a Simulated Configuration Using APT Config ........................ 31
4.11 Stage/Axis Tab ..................................................................................... 33
Continued......
3
Two-, and Three-Channel Stepper Motor Controller
Chapter 5 Software Reference .................................................................... 34
5.1 Introduction ........................................................................................... 34
5.2 GUI Panel ............................................................................................. 34
5.3 Settings Panel ...................................................................................... 36
5.3.1 Moves/Jogs tab ................................................................................................ 36
5.3.2 Stage/Axis tab .................................................................................................. 39
5.3.3 Advanced Tab .................................................................................................. 44
Appendices
Appendix A Rear Panel Connector Pinout Details .................................... 48
Appendix B Using the RS232 or Virtual Comm Port.................................. 54
Appendix C Preventive Maintenance ......................................................... 57
Appendix D Specifications and Associated Parts .................................... 58
Appendix E Motor Control Method Summary ........................................... 60
Appendix F Stepper Motor Operation - Background ................................ 64
Appendix G Regulatory ............................................................................... 70
Appendix H Thorlabs Worldwide Contacts ............................................... 75
4
Chapter 1 Safety
1.1 Safety Information
For the continuing safety of the operators of this equipment, and the protection of the
equipment itself, the operator should take note of the Warnings, Cautions and Notes
throughout this handbook and, where visible, on the product itself.
The following safety symbols may be used throughout the handbook and on the
equipment itself.
1.2 General Warnings
Shock Warning
Given when there is a risk of injury from electrical shock.
Warning
Given when there is a risk of injury to users.
Caution
Given when there is a risk of damage to the product.
Note
Clarification of an instruction or additional information.
Warnings
If this equipment is used in a manner not specified by the manufacturer, the
protection provided by the equipment may be impaired. In particular,
excessive moisture may impair operation.
Spillage of fluid, such as sample solutions, should be avoided. If spillage does
occur, clean up immediately using absorbant tissue. Do not allow spilled fluid
to enter the internal mechanism.
5
Chapter 2 Overview
2.1 Introduction
The BSC202 and BSC203 2- and 3-channel Stepper Motor Controllers are the next
generation of enhanced controllers using the familiar APTUser interface. Many new
features are provided, including a choice between trapezoidal and S-shaped velocity
profiles, a higher theoretical microstep resolution (409600 for a 200 full step motor)
and speeds more than twice that achieved by its predecessors.
They are designed to drive larger framed 2-phase bipolar stepper motors, with and
without encoder feedback, and can be used in a wide variety of applications. These
high power units deliver up to 48V/50W peak (25W average) drive power per channel
and are compatible with most stepper driven nano-positioning actuators & stages in
the Thorlabs range.
The unit combines the latest high speed digital signal processors (DSP) with low-
noise analog electronics and ActiveX software technology for effortless high
resolution microstepping of up to three axes. Additional axes can be driven by
connecting one or more benchtop units via a standard USB hub.The apt stepper
motor controller is supplied with a full suite of software support tools. An intuitive
graphical instrument panel allows immediate control and visualization of the operation
of the stepper controllers, and any other controllers that are installed in the system.
See Chapter 5 for a full description of the apt system software.
Fig. 2.1 APT Three Channel Stepper Motor Controller (BSC203)
Chapter 2
Stepper motors give excellent low speed performance and positioning stability
compared with DC servo motors. A wide range of 2-phase bipolar stepper motors and
associated actuators are commercially available, each with its own characteristics,
such as step resolution, peak phase current or voltage, and lead screw pitch. For this
reason the apt stepper unit operation is fully configurable (parameterized) with key
settings exposed through the associated graphical interface panels.
Motor step resolution, and lead screw pitch can be set for a particular motor/actuator
combination, phase currents can be limited to suitable peak powers as required, and
limit switch configuration is accommodated through a flexible set of limit switch logic
settings. Moreover, relative and absolute moves can be initiated with move profiles
set using velocity profile parameters. Similarly, home sequences have a full set of
associated parameters that can be adjusted for a particular stage or actuator. For
simplicity of operation, the apt software incorporates pre-configured settings for
each of the Thorlabs stages and actuators, while still exposing all parameters
individually for use with other stepper motor driven systems.
For convenience and ease of use, adjustment of many key parameters is possible
through direct interaction with the graphical panel. For example a move to the next
position can be initiated by clicking directly on the position display and entering a new
value (see the tutorial in Chapter for further details). Furthermore, all such settings
and parameters are also accessible through the ActiveX programmable interfaces
for automated alignment sequences.
The apt stepper unit also supports encoder feedback through dedicated quadrature
encoded pulse (QEP) inputs, one for each channel of operation. Through conversion
routines, the apt software is able to use this feedback signal to generate encoder
position for access either through the GUI or via programmable interfaces for custom
closed loop algorithms. A built in algorithm can be enabled to allow the stepper
system to reach and maintain an encoded position through an iterative move
sequence. Please see the APTServer online helpfile or the handbook supplied with
your linear encoded stage for further details.
In the remainder of this handbook, the Tutorial section (Chapter ) provides a good
initial understanding on using the unit, and the reference sections (Chapter 5) covers
all operating modes and parameters in detail.
7
2.2 APT PC Software Overview
2.2.1 Introduction
As a member of the APT range of controllers, the BSC202 and BSC203 stepper
controllers share many of the associated software benefits. This includes USB
connectivity (allowing multiple units to be used together on a single PC), fully featured
Graphical User Interface (GUI) panels, and extensive software function libraries for
custom application development.
The APT software suite supplied with all APT controllers provides a flexible and
powerful PC based control system both for users of the equipment, and software
programmers aiming to automate its operation.
For users, the APTUser (see Section 2.2.2.) and APTConfig (see Section 2.2.3.)
utilities allow full control of all settings and operating modes enabling complete out-
of-box operation without the need to develop any further custom software. Both
utilities are built on top of a sophisticated, multi-threaded ActiveX engine (called the
APT server) which provides all of the necessary APT system software services such
as generation of GUI panels, communications handling for multiple USB units, and
logging of all system activity to assist in hardware trouble shooting. It is this APT
server engine that is used by software developers to allow the creation of advanced
automated positioning applications very rapidly and with great ease. The APT server
is described in more detail in Section 2.2.4.
Aside
ActiveX, a Windows-based, language-independent technology, allows a user
to quickly develop custom applications that automate the control of APT system
hardware units. Development environments supported by ActiveX technology
include Visual Basic, LabView, Borland C++ Builder, Visual C++, Delphi,
and many others. ActiveX technology is also supported by .NET development
environments such as Visual Basic.NET and Visual C#.NET.
ActiveX controls are a specific form of ActiveX technology that provide both a user
interface and a programming interface. An ActiveX control is supplied for each
type of APT hardware unit to provide specific controller functionality to the
software developer. See Section 2.2.4. for further details.
Chapter 2
2.2.2 APTUser Utility
The APTUser application allows the user to interact with a number of APT hardware
control units connected to the host PC. This program displays multiple graphical
instrument panels to allow multiple APT units to be controlled from the same screen.
All basic operating parameters can be altered and, similarly, all operations (such as
motor moves) can be initiated. Settings and parameter changes can be saved and
loaded to allow multiple operating configurations to be created and easily applied.
For many users, the APTUser application provides all of the functionality necessary
to operate the APT hardware without the need to develop any further custom
software. For those who do need to further customize and automate usage of the
controller (e.g. to implement a positioning algorithm), the APTUser application
illustrates how the various methods and properties of the APT ActiveX server can be
exposed by a client application.
Use of the APT User utility is covered in the PC tutorial (Chapter ) and in the APTUser
online help file, accessed via the F1 key when using the APTUser utility.
9
2.2.3 APT Config Utility
There are many system parameters and configuration settings associated with the
operation of the APT Server. Most can be directly accessed using the various
graphical panels, however there are several system wide settings that can be made
'off-line' before running the APT software. These settings have global effect; such as
switching between simulator and real operating mode, associating mechanical stages
to specific motor actuators and incorporation of calibration data.
The APTConfig utility is provided as a convenient means for making these system
wide settings and adjustments. Full details on using APTConfig are provided in the
online help supplied with the utility.
Use of the APT Config utility is covered in the PC tutorial (Chapter ) and in the
APTConfig online help file, accessed via the F1 key when using the APTConfig utility.
Chapter 2
2.2.4 APT Server (ActiveX Controls)
ActiveX Controls are re-usable compiled software components that supply both a
graphical user interface and a programmable interface. Many such Controls are
available for Windows applications development, providing a large range of re-usable
functionality. For example, there are Controls available that can be used to
manipulate image files, connect to the internet or simply provide user interface
components such as buttons and list boxes.
With the APT system, ActiveX Controls are deployed to allow direct control over (and
also reflect the status of) the range of electronic controller units, including the BSC203
stepper motor controller. Software applications that use ActiveX Controls are often
referred to as 'client applications'. Based on ActiveX interfacing technology, an
ActiveX Control is a language independent software component. Consequently
ActiveX Controls can be incorporated into a wide range of software development
environments for use by client application developers. Development environments
supported include Visual Basic, Labview, Visual C++, C++ Builder, HPVEE, Matlab,
VB.NET, C#.NET and, via VBA, Microsoft Office applications such as Excel and Word.
Consider the ActiveX Control supplied for a Stepper Motor Drive Card fitted to a
BSC203 APT stepper controller unit (one panel is displayed for each channel (card)
fitted.
This Control provides a complete user graphical instrument panel to allow the motor
unit to be manually operated, as well as a complete set of software functions (often
called methods) to allow all parameters to be set and motor operations to be
automated by a client application. The instrument panel reflects the current operating
state of the controller unit to which it is associated (e.g. such as motor position).
Updates to the panel take place automatically when a user (client) application is
11
making software calls into the same Control. For example, if a client application
instructs the associated stepper motor Control to move a motor, the progress of that
move is reflected automatically by changing position readouts on the graphical
interface, without the need for further programming intervention.
The APT ActiveX Controls collection provides a rich set of graphical user panels and
programmable interfaces allowing users and client application developers to interact
seamlessly with the APT hardware. Each of the APT controllers has an associated
ActiveX Control and these are described fully in system online help or the handbooks
associated with the controllers. Note that the APTUser and APTConfig utilities take
advantage of and are built on top of the powerful functionality provided by the APT
ActiveX Server (as shown in Fig. 2.2).
Fig. 2.2 System Architecture Diagram
Refer to the main APT Software online help file, APTServer.hlp, for a complete
programmers guide and reference material on using the APT ActiveX Controls
collection. Additional software developer support is provided by the APT Support
pages included on the software installation CD supplied with every APT controller.
This CD contains a complete range of tutorial samples and coding hints and tips,
together with handbooks for all the APT controllers.
2.2.5 Software Upgrades
Thorlabs operate a policy of continuous product development and may issue software
upgrades as necessary.
Detailed instructions on installing upgrades are included on the APT Software
CD ROM.
12
Chapter 3 Getting Started
3.1 Installing APT Software
DO NOT CONNECT THE CONTROLLER TO YOUR PC YET
1) Insert the CD into your PC.
2) The CD should run automatically. If your CD does not start, double click the file
autorun.exe, found on the Software CD.
3) A Welcome dialogue screen is displayed. Before installing the software, you are
strongly advised to read the Installation Guide. Click the associated link.
4) Once you are familiar with the installation procedure, click the Install APT
Software hyperlink displayed on the Welcome dialogue screen.
5) Follow the on-screen instructions - see the Installation Guide supplied for more
information.
Note
When operating via a PC, direct user interaction with the unit is
accomplished through intuitive graphical user interface panels (GUIs),
which expose all key operating parameters and modes. The user can
select multiple panel views displaying different information about a
particular hardware unit. The multitasking architecture ensures that the
graphical control panels always remain live, showing all current
hardware activity.
Caution
Some PCs may have been configured to restrict the users ability to load
software, and on these systems the software may not install/run. If you are
in any doubt about your rights to install/run software, please consult your
system administrator before attempting to install.
If you experience any problems when installing software, contact Thorlabs on
+44 (0)1353 654440 and ask for Technical Support.
13
3.2 Mechanical Installation
3.2.1 Siting
The unit is designed to be mounted free standing on a shelf, benchtop or similar
surface.
3.2.2 Environmental Conditions
Location Indoor use only
Maximum altitude 2000 m
Temperature range 5
o
C to 40
o
C
Maximum Humidity Less than 80% RH (non-condensing) at 31C
To ensure reliable operation the unit should not be exposed to corrosive agents or
excessive moisture, heat or dust.
If the unit has been stored at a low temperature or in an environment of high humidity,
it must be allowed to reach ambient conditions before being powered up.
Caution
When siting the unit, it should be positioned so as not to impede the
operation of the rear panel power supply switch.
Ensure that proper airflow is maintained to the rear of the unit.
Warning
Operation outside the following environmental limits may adversely affect
operator safety.
Chapter 3
3.3 Electrical Installation
3.3.1 Connecting To The Supply
3.3.2 Fuses
Two T 3A/250V a.c. antisurge ceramic fuses are located on the back panel, one for
the live feed and one for the neutral as follows:
When replacing fuses:
1) Switch off the power and disconnect the power cord before removing the fuse
cover.
2) Always replace broken fuses with a fuse of the same rating and type.
Shock Warning
The unit must be connected only to an earthed fused supply of 110 to 230V.
Use only power supply cables supplied by Thorlabs, other cables may not be
rated to the same current.
The unit is shipped to the UK, Europe and the USA, with the appropriate
power plug already fitted. When shipped to other territories the appropriate
power plug must be fitted by the user. Cable identification is as follows:
Brown-Live
Blue-Neutral
Green/Yellow-Earth/Ground
Fuse Rating Type Fused Line
F1 T 3.15A ceramic; antisurge Live feed
F2 T 3.15A ceramic; antisurge Neutral feed
15
3.3.3 Rear Panel Connections
Fig. 3.1 Rear panel connections
MOTOR DRIVE - (15-Pin D-Type, Female) Provides connection to the actuator.
This connector provides all phase current drive and encoder feedback connections to
drive a range of encoded and non-encoded stepper motors - see Section A.3.
CONTROL I/O - (15-Pin D-Type, Female) The CONTROL I/O connector exposes a
number of electrical signals useful for external control. It is possible to configure a
particular controller to respond to trigger inputs, generate trigger outputs or both
respond to and generate a trigger output - see Section 5.3.3. Motor jogging lines can
be used to jog the motor in both forward and reverse directions from a remote handset
(Jogging parameters (e.g. jog distance) are set via the GUI panel - see Section 5.3.1.).
USB - USB port for system communications.
HANDSET IN - Provides connection for the MJC001 Joystick - see Section 4.9. and
Section A.2.
INTERCONNECT - (9-Pin D-Type, Male) For Future Use.
CH ID - For channel selection when using the MJC001 joystick - see Section 4.9.
Note
The USB cable length should be no more than 3 metres unless a powered
USB hub is being used.
!
INTERCONNECT
Chapter 3
3.4 Front Panel Controls and Indicators
Fig. 3.2 Front panel controls and indicators
Power LED Indicates that power is applied to the unit.
CHANNEL ENABLE buttons Used to enable/disable channel functionality. The
associated LED is lit when the channel is enabled. Disabling the channel allows the
motor actuator to be moved manually.
3.5 Connecting The Hardware
1) Perform the mechanical installation as detailed in Section 3.2.
2) Install the APT Software - see Section 3.1.
3) Connect the stepper motor actuator to the Controller unit - see Section 3.3.3.
4) Connect the Controller unit to the power supply - see Section 3.3.1.
5) Connect the PSU to the main supply and switch ON.
6) Connect the Controller unit to your PC.
7) Windows
TM
should detect the new hardware. Wait while Windows
TM
installs the
drivers for the new hardware - see the Getting Started guide for more information.
Note
On BSC202 units, the Channel 3 LED is not used.
Note
The USB cable should be no more than 3 metres in length. Communication
lengths in excess of 3 metres can be achieved by using a powered USB hub).
Power apt Precision Motion Controller
CHANNEL ENABLE
1
2
3
17
3.6 Select the Stage Type (Using APTConfig)
To ensure that a particular stage is driven properly by the system, a number of
parameters must first be set. These parameters relate to the physical characteristics
of the stage being driven (e.g. min and max positions, leadscrew pitch, homing
direction etc.).
To assist in setting these parameters correctly, it is possible, using the APT Config
utility, to associate a specific stage type and axis with a motor controller channel.
Once this association has been made, the APT server applies automatically, suitable
default parameter values on boot up of the software.
Even if a stage type and axis has been associated with a controller channel, it is still
possible to alter these parameters if required, (e.g. for a custom stage type not
selectable using the APT Config utility).
1) Shut down all applications using the APT server (e.g. APT User or your own
custom application).
2) Run the APT Config utility - Start/All Programs/Thorlabs/APT Config/APT Config.
3) From the 'APT Configuration Utility' window, click the 'Stage' tab.
Fig. 3.3 APT Configuration Utility - Stage Tab
Note
The BSC203 APT stepper controller unit can be fitted with up to three
stepper motor drive cards. Each card behaves as a discrete unit with its
own GUI control panel.
Chapter 3

4) In the Motor field, select the serial number of the drive card to be configured.
The Channel field defaults to 1 and the Channel 2 option is greyed out.
5) In the Stage field, select your actuator type from the list displayed (e.g. HS
NanoMax 300 X Axis).
6) Click the 'Add Stage Association' button.
7) The server reads in the stage and controller information on start up.
Shut down the APTConfig utility and proceed to Section 3.7. to verify the software
operation. See the APT Config utility on line help for further information.
3.7 Verifying Software Operation
3.7.1 Initial Setup
The APT Software should be installed (Section 3.1.) and the stage association
performed (Section 3.6.) before software operation can be verified.
1) Run the APTUser utility and check that the Graphical User Interface (GUI) panel
appears and is active.
Fig. 3.4 Gui panel showing jog and ident buttons
Caution
The following items relate to the single channel Drive Cards fitted to the
controller, and not the parent 3-channel controller housing.
Note
To use the increased resolution and velocity funcitionality offered by
these controllers, the stage types prefixed by HS (e.g. HS NanoMax 300
X Axis) must be selected. Selecting a stage/actuator type without the HS
prefix will result in reduced velocity and resolution.
19
2) Check that the actuator type and serial number associated in Section 3.6. are
displayed in the GUI panel.
3) Click the Ident button. The associated channel LED on the front panel of the
controller flashes. This is useful in multi-channel systems for identifying which
channel is associated with which GUI.
4) Click the jog buttons on the GUI panel and check that the motor or axis connected
to the controller moves. The position display for the associated GUI should
increment and decrement accordingly.
Follow the tutorial steps described in Chapter for further verification of operation.
Note
The 'APT Config' utility can be used to set up simulated hardware
configurations and place the APT Server into simulator mode. In this way
it is possible to create any number and type of simulated (virtual)
hardware units in order to emulate a set of real hardware. This is a
particularly useful feature, designed as an aid to application program
development and testing. Any number of 'virtual' control units are
combined to build a model of the real system, which can then be used to
test the application software offline. If using real hardware, ensure that
Simulator Mode is disabled. If using a simulated setup, enable Simulator
Mode and set up a Simulated Configuration - see Section 4.11. or the
APTConfig helpfile for detailed instructions.
20
Chapter 4 Operation - Tutorial
4.1 Introduction
The following brief tutorial guides the user through a typical series of moves and
parameter adjustments performed using the PC based APT software. It assumes that
the unit is electrically connected to the stage, and that the APT Software is already
installed - see Section 3.1. For illustration purposes, it also assumes that a
NanoMax300 is connected to the Motor connector on the rear panel.
4.2 Using the APT User Utility
The APT User.exe application allows the user to interact with any number of APT
hardware control units connected to the PC USB Bus (or simulated via the APTConfig
utility). This program allows multiple graphical instrument panels to be displayed so
that multiple APT units can be controlled. All basic operating parameters can be set
through this program, and all basic operations (such as motor moves) can be initiated.
Hardware configurations and parameter settings can be saved to a file, which
simplifies system set up whenever APT User is run up.
Fig. 4.1 Typical APT User Screen
21
1) Run the APT User program - Start/Programs/Thorlabs/APT User/APT User.
Notice how the HS NanoMax 300 X Axis actuator type, selected in Section 3.6. is
displayed in the Settings window. See Section 4.12. and Section 5.3. for further
details on the parameter values shown in the Settings display.
4.3 Homing Motors
Homing the motor moves the actuator to the home limit switch and resets the internal
position counter to zero. The limit switch provides a fixed datum that can be found
after the system has been powered up.
Fig. 4.2 Motor Controller Software GUI
1) Click the Home button. Notice that the led in the button lights to indicate that
homing is in progress and the displayed position for both channels counts down
to 000.000, i.e the home position.
2) When homing is complete, the Homed LED is lit as shown above.
See Appendix F , Section F.2.2. for background information on the home position.
Note
The channel functionality of the BSC203 motor controller is accessed via
a single channel GUI panel, one panel for each motor drive card fitted.
Chapter 4
4.4 Moving to an Absolute Position
Absolute moves are measured in real world units (e.g. millimetres), relative to the
Home position.
1) Click the position display.
Fig. 4.3 Absolute Position Popup Window
2) Enter 3.0 into the pop up window
3) Click OK. Notice that the position display counts up to 003.000 to indicate a move
to the absolute position 3.00mm.
23
4.5 Changing Motor Parameters
Moves are performed using a trapezoidal velocity profile (see Appendix F , Section
F.1.3.). The velocity settings relate to the maximum velocity at which a move is
performed, and the acceleration at which the motor speeds up from zero to maximum
velocity.
1) On the GUI panel, click the Settings button (bottom right hand corner of the
display) to display the Settings panel.
Fig. 4.4 Settings Panel - Move/Jogs Tab
2) Select the Move/Jogs tab as shown in Fig. 4.4.
3) In the Moves field, change the parameters as follows:
Max. Vel - 2.5
Accn/Dec - 0.5
4) Click OK to save the settings and close the window.
5) Any further moves initiated on channel 1 will now be performed at a maximum
velocity of 2.5mm per second, with an acceleration of 0.5mm/sec/sec.
Note
In current versions of software, the Min Vel parameter is locked at zero
and cannot be adjusted.
Chapter 4
4.6 Jogging
During PC operation, the motor actuators are jogged using the GUI panel arrow keys.
There are two jogging modes available, Single Step and Continuous. In Single
Step mode, the motor moves by the step size specified in the Step Distance
parameter. If the jog key is held down, single step jogging is repeated until the button
is released - see Fig. 4.5. In Continuous mode, the motor actuator will accelerate and
move at the jog velocity while the button is held down.
1) On the GUI panel, click the Settings button to display the Settings panel.
Fig. 4.5 Settings Panel - Move/Jogs Tab
2) Select the Move/Jogs tab as shown in Fig. 4.5.
3) In the Jogs field, enter parameters as follows:
Max. Vel - 1
Accn/Dec - 2
Jogging - Single Step
Stopping - Profiled
Step Distance - 0.5
4) Click OK to save the settings and close the window.
5) Click the Jog Arrows on the GUI panel to jog the motor. Notice that the position
display increments 0.5 every time the button is clicked.
Note
25
4.7 Graphical Control Of Motor Positions (Point and Move)
The GUI panel display can be changed to a graphical display, showing the position of
the motor channel(s). Moves to absolute positions can then be initiated by positioning
the mouse within the display and clicking.
To change the panel view to graphical view, right click in the screen and select
Graphical View.
Fig. 4.6 Motor GUI Panel - Graphical View
Consider the display shown above for a Stepper Motor Drive Card fitted to a BSC203
APT stepper controller unit.
The right hand display shows the channel and motor unit parameters; i.e. controller
unit type and serial number, associated stage and actuator type, minimum and
maximum positions, current position, units per grid division and cursor position. All
units are displayed in real world units, either millimetres or degrees.
The left hand display shows a circle, which represents the current position of the
motor associated with the specified controller (absolute position data is displayed in
the 'Chan Pos' field).
The vertical divisions relate to the travel of the stage/actuator associated with the
controller (the stage/actuator is selected in the APT Config utility). For example, the
screen shot above shows the parameters for a 4 mm travel NanoMax 3-axis stage.
The graph shows 8 divisions in the X axis, which relates to 0.5 mm of travel per
division (4.0 mm in total).
Note
The channel functionality of the BSC203 motor controller is accessed via
a single channel GUI panel, one panel for each motor drive card fitted.
The Channel 2 parameters are greyed out.
Chapter 4
The graphical panel has two modes of operation, Jog and Move, which are selected
by clicking the buttons at the bottom right of the screen.
Move Mode
When Move is selected, the motors move to an absolute position which corresponds
to the position of the cursor within the screen.
To specify a move:
1) Position the mouse within the window. For reference, the absolute motor position
values associated with the mouse position is displayed in the 'Cursor Position
field.
2) Click the left hand mouse button to initiate the move.
Jog Mode
When Jogging mode is selected, the motors are jogged each time the left mouse
button is clicked.
The Jog direction corresponds to the position of the cursor relative to the circle
(current motor position), e.g. if the cursor is to the left of the circle the motor will jog
left. The Jog Step size is that selected in the Settings panel - see Section 5.3.
Stop
To stop the move at any time, click the Stop button.
Returning to Panel View
To return to panel view, right click in the graphical panel and select Panel View.
27
4.8 Setting Move Sequences
This section explains how to set move sequences, allowing several positions to be
visited without user intervention.
For details on moving to absolute positions initiated by a mouse click see Section
4.11.
1) From the Motor GUI Panel, select 'Move Sequencer' tab to display the Move
Sequencer window.
Fig. 4.7 Move Sequencer Window
2) Right click, in the move data field to display the pop up menu.
Fig. 4.8 Move Sequencer Pop Up Menu
Chapter 4
3) Select 'New' to display the 'Move Editor' panel.
Fig. 4.9 Move Editor Window
Move data is entered/displayed as follows:
Dist/Pos: - the distance to move from the current position (if 'Relative' is selected)
or the position to move to (if 'Absolute' is selected).
Dwell Time: - after the move is performed, the system can be set to wait for a
specified time before performing the next move in the sequence. The Dwell time is the
time to wait (in milliseconds).
Return - if checked, the system will move to the position specified in the Dist/Pos field,
wait for the specified Dwell time, and then return to the original position.
Min Vel: Acc: and Max Vel: - the velocity profile parameters for the move.
The motor accelerates at the rate set in the Acc field up to the speed set in the Max
Vel field. As the destination approaches, the motor decelerates again to ensure that
there is no overshoot of the position.
Note
29
4) Enter the required move data into the Move Editor and click OK. The move data
is displayed in the main window as shown below.
Fig. 4.10 Main Window with Move Data
5) Repeat step 4 as necessary to build a sequence of moves. Move data can be
copied, deleted, cut/pasted and edited by right clicking the data line(s) and
selecting the appropriate option in the pop up menu (shown below).
Fig. 4.11 Pop Up Options
6) To run a single line of data, right click the appropriate data and select 'Run' from
the pop up menu (shown above).
7) To run the entire sequence, click the 'Run' button (shown below). A Home move
can also be performed from this panel by clicking the Home button.
Fig. 4.12 Home and Run Buttons
8) To save data to a file, or load data from a previously saved file, click the Save or
Load button and browse to the required location.
Chapter 4
4.9 Using A Joystick Console
The MJC001 joystick console has been designed to provide intuitive, tactile, manual
positioning of the stage. The console features a two axis joystick for XY control. Up to
3 joysticks can be connected to each other, interfacing neatly into a multi-channel
control application.
1) Connect the stage to the Controller unit.
2) Connect the joystick console to the HANDSET IN connector of the controller.
3) Switch ON the controller.
4) Wait until the red led on the joystick console and the Channel Enable LED on the
controller front panel stops flashing (~3s).
Press and hold the High/Low button for 2 seconds to home the stage. When
homing is complete, the green LED stops flashing.
In order to establish control over a particular axis, the joystick axes must be
associated with the corresponding channels of the related controller. This is achieved
by setting the joystick ID switch, located on the underside of the joystick console, and
the channel ident switches on the rear panel of the BSC controller.
The joystick ID switch assigns the selected number to the X axis of the joystick and
the next sequential number to the Y axis. The channel ident switches on the controller
unit(s) must then be set to match these joystick axis numbers.
For example, if the joystick switch is set to '1', then the channel ID switch on the
controller must also be set to 1 as shown in Fig. 4.1. If two single channels are being
used, the Y-Axis controller unit must be set to 2.
Fig. 4.1 ID switch setings
Note
The default parameter values loaded at the factory should be acceptable for
most applications, and in this case, it is not necessary to connect the
controller to a PC running the APT software. If these parameter values
subsequently require adjustment, this can only be performed by running the
APT software - see Section 5.3.4. for more information.
Note
In order for the controller and joystick to be used without a host PC, the Move/
Jog settings, Stage/Axis settings and the Joystick settings must be persisted
(saved) within the BSC20x unit before the following predure is performed. This
is done by checking the Persist Settings box on each settings tab - see
Section 5.3. for more details.
31
5) Set the joystick console ID switch and the controller channel ID switches as described
in the preceding paragraph.
6) Open the APTConfig utility and ensure that the appropriate HS option is selected
for the actuator being driven (e.g. HS 17DRV013). If an option without the HS
prefix is seleceted, then the joystick will not function - see Section 3.6.
7) The stage can now be moved using the joystick, GUI panel, or by setting
commands to move each axis by relative and absolute amounts see the helpfile
supplied with the APT server for more information.
4.10 External Triggering
External triggering is facilitated by the Trigger In and Trigger Out pins (pins 4 and 12)
of the CONTROL IO connector on the rear panel of the unit.
These connectors provide a 5V logic level input and output that can be configured to
support triggering from and to external devices - see Section 5.3.3. and Section
A.1.3. for further details.
4.11 Creating a Simulated Configuration Using APT Config
The 'APT Config' utility can be used to set up simulated hardware configurations and
place the APT Server into simulator mode. In this way it is possible to create any
number and type of simulated (virtual) hardware units in order to emulate a set of real
hardware. This is a particularly useful feature, designed as an aid learning how to use
the APT software and as an aid to developing custom software applications offline.
Any number of 'virtual' control units can be combined to emulate a collection of
physical hardware units For example, an application program can be written, then
tested and debugged remotely, before running with the hardware.
To create a simulated configuration proceed as follows:
1) Run the APT Config utility - Start/All Programs/Thorlabs/APT/APT Config.
Caution
Do not set the switches to identical numbers as this may result in lack of
joystick control. Also, do not set the channel ID switches to 'E' or 'F' as
this is reserved for factory use and testing.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
9 10 11 12 13 14 15
Chapter 4
2) Click the 'Simulator Configuration' tab.
Fig. 4.13 APT Configuration Utility - Simulator Configuration Tab
3) Enter LAB1 in the Configuration Names field.
4) In the 'Simulator' field, check the Enable Simulator Mode box. The name of the
most recently used configuration file is displayed in the 'Current Configuration'
window.
33
5) In the Control Unit field, select 3 Ch Stepper Driver (BSC203).
6) Enter a 6 digit serial number.
7) Click the 'Add' button.
8) Repeat items (1) to (7) as required. (A unit can be removed from the configuration
by selecting it in the 'Loaded Configuration Details' window and clicking the
'Remove' button or by right clicking it and selecting the 'Remove' option from the
pop up window).
9) Enter a name into the 'Configuration Names' field.
10) Click 'Save'.
11) Click 'Set As Current' to use the configuration.
Note
Each physical APT hardware unit is factory programmed with a unique 8
digit serial number. In order to simulate a set of real hardware the Config
utility allows an 8 digit serial number to be associated with each
simulated unit. It is good practice when creating simulated
configurations for software development purposes to use the same serial
numbers as any real hardware units that will be used. Although serial
numbers are 8 digits (as displayed in the Load Configuration Details
window, the first two digits are added automatically and identify the type
of control unit.
The prefixed digits relating to the BSC203 stepper controller are:
70xxxxxx - Benchtop APT Three Channel Stepper Motor Controller
90xxxxxx - Single Channel Stepper Motor Drive Card
Chapter 4
4.12 Stage/Axis Tab
This tab contains a number of parameters which are related to the physical
characteristics of the particular stage or actuator being driven. They need to be set
accordingly such that a particular stage is driven properly by the system.
Fig. 4.14 Stage/Axis Tab
These parameters were set automatically when the HS NanoMax 300 X Axis stage
type was selected using the APTConfig utility in Section 3.6. The APT server
automatically applied suitable defaults for the parameters on this tab during boot up
of any client software such as APTUser. These parameters should not be altered for
pre-defined Thorlabs stages and actuators selected using APT Config, as it may
adversely affect the performance of the stage.
For custom stage types not available using the APT Config utility, the stage details
must be entered manually.
Individual parameters are described in Section 5.3.
35
Chapter 5 Software Reference
5.1 Introduction
This chapter gives an explanation of the parameters and settings accessed from the
APT software running on a PC. For information on the methods and properties which
can be called via a programming interface, see Appendix E .
5.2 GUI Panel
The following screen shot shows the graphical user interface (GUI) (one panel per
channel) displayed when accessing the controller using the APTUser utility.
Fig. 5.1 Motor Controller Software GUI
Note
The serial number of the driver card associated with the GUI panel, the
APT server version number, and the version number (in brackets) of the
embedded software running on the unit, are displayed in the top right
hand corner. This information should always be provided when
requesting customer support.
Chapter 5
Jog - used to increment or decrement the motor position. When the button is clicked,
the motor is driven in the selected direction at the jog velocity one step per click. The
step size and jog velocity parameters are set in the 'Settings' panel (see Section 5.3.).
Travel - displays the range of travel (in millimeters or degrees) of the motor.
Moving - lit when the motor is in motion.
Enable - applies power to the motor. With the motor enabled, the associated Channel
LED on the front panel is lit.
Digital display - shows the position (in millimetres or degrees) of the motor. The
motor must be 'Homed' before the display will show a valid position value, (i.e. the
displayed position is relative to a physical datum, the limit switch).
Home - sends the motor to its 'Home' position - see Section F.2.2. The LED in the
button is lit while the motor is homing.
Homed - lit when the motor has previously been 'Homed' (since power up).
Stop - halts the movement of the motor.
Limit switches - the LEDs are lit when the associated limit switch has been activated
- see Section F.2.3. for further details on limit switches.
Settings display - shows the following user specified settings:
Driver - the type of control unit associated with the specified channel.
Stage - the stage type and axis associated with the specified channel.
Calib File - the calibration file associated with the specified channel.
See the APTConfig utility helpfile for more details on assigning and using calibration
files.
Min/Max V - the minimum velocity at which a move is initiated, and the maximum
velocity at which the move is performed. Values are displayed in real world units (mm/
s or degrees/s), and can be set via the 'Settings' panel (see Section 5.3.).
Accn - the rate at which the velocity climbs to, and slows from, maximum velocity,
displayed in real world units (mm/s/s or degrees/s/s). The acceleration can be set via
the 'Settings' panel (see Section 5.3.) and is used in conjunction with the Min/Max
velocity settings to determine the velocity profile of a motor move. See Appendix F
Section F.1.3. for more information on velocity profiles.
Jog Step Size - the size of step (in mm or degrees) taken when the jog signal is
initiated. The step size can be set either via the Settings panel or by calling the
SetJogStepSize method.
Settings button - Displays the 'Settings' panel, which allows the motor drives
operating parameters to be entered - see Section 5.3.
Ident - when this button is pressed, the LED (on the front panel of the unit) associated
with the selected channel will flash for a short period.
Active - lit when the unit is operating normally and no error condition exists.
Error - lit when a fault condition occurs.
37
5.3 Settings Panel
When the 'Settings' button on the GUI panel is clicked, the 'Settings' window is
displayed. This panel allows motor operation parameters such as move/jog velocities,
and stage/axis information to be modified. Note that all of these parameters have
programmable equivalents accessible through the ActiveX methods and properties
on this Control (refer to the Programming Guide in the APTServer helpfile for further
details and to Section 2.2.4. for an overview of the APT ActiveX controls).
5.3.1 Moves/Jogs tab
Fig. 5.2 Stepper Motor Controller - Move/Jog Settings
Moves
Moves can be initiated via the GUI panel by entering a position value after clicking on
the position display box (see Section 4.4.) or by calling a software function (see the
APTServer helpfile). The following settings determine the velocity profile of such
moves, and are specified in real world units, millimetres or degrees.
Velocity Profile (specified in real world units, millimetres or degrees).
MinVel - In current versions of software the Min Vel parameter is locked at zero and
cannot be adjusted.
MaxVel - the maximum velocity at which to perform a move.
Accn/Dec - the rate at which the velocity climbs from zero to maximum, and slows
from maximum to zero.
Note
Under certain velocity parameter and move distance conditions, the
maximum velocity may never be reached (i.e. the move comprises an
acceleration and deceleration phase only).
Chapter 5
Jogs
Jogs are initiated by using the Jog keys on the GUI panel (see Section 4.6.), or via
a jog handset connected to the unput logic pins exposed on the rear panel Control IO
connector (see Appendix A ).
Velocity Profile (specified in real world units, millimetres or degrees)
MaxVel - the maximum velocity at which to perform a jog
Accn/Dec - the rate at which the velocity climbs from minimum to maximum, and
slows from maximum to minimum.
Note. The Minimum Velocity is locked at zero and cannot be adjusted.
Operating Modes
Jogging - The way in which the motor moves when a jog command is received (i.e.
handset button pressed or GUI panel button clicked).
There are two jogging modes available, Single Step and Continuous. In Single
Step mode, the motor moves by the step size specified in the Step Distance
parameter. If the jog key is held down, single step jogging is repeated until the button
is released - see Fig. 5.3. In Continuous mode, the motor actuator will accelerate and
move at the jog velocity while the button is held down..
Fig. 5.3 Jog Modes
Single Step - the motor moves by the step size specified in the Step Distance parameter.
Continuous - the motor continues to move until the jog signal is removed (i.e. jog
button is released).
Stopping - the way in which the jog motion stops when the demand is removed.
Immediate - the motor stops quickly, in a non-profiled manner
Profiled - the motor stops in a profiled manner using the jog Velocity Profile
parameters set above.
39
Step Distance - The distance to move when a jog command is initiated. The step size
is specified in real world units (mm or degrees dependent upon the stage).
Backlash Correction - The system compensates for lead screw backlash during reverse
direction moves, by moving passed the demanded position by a specified amount, and
then reversing. This ensures that positions are always approached in a forward
direction. The Backlash Correction Distance is specified in real world units (millimeters
or degrees). To remove backlash correction, this value should be set to zero.
Position Profiling
To prevent the motor from stalling, it must be ramped up gradually to its maximum
velocity. Certain limits to velocity and acceleration result from the torque and speed
limits of the motor, and the inertia and friction of the parts it drives.
The system incorporates a trajectory generator, which performs calculations to
determine the instantaneous position, velocity and acceleration of each axis at any
given moment. During a motion profile, these values will change continuously. Once
the move is complete, these parameters will then remain unchanged until the next
move begins.
The specific move profile created by the system depends on several factors, such as
the profile mode and profile parameters presently selected, and other conditions such
as whether a motion stop has been requested.
Bow Index This field is used to set the profile mode to either Trapezoidal or S-curve.
A Bow Index of 0 selects a trapezoidal profile. An index value of 1 to 18 selects an
S-curve profile. In either case, the velocity and acceleration of the profile are specified
using the Velocity Profile parameters on the Moves/Jogs tab.
The Trapezoidal profile is a standard, symmetrical acceleration/deceleration motion
curve, in which the start velocity is always zero. This profile is selected when the Bow
Index field is set to 0.
In a typical trapezoidal velocity profile, (see Fig. 5.4.), the stage is ramped at
acceleration a to a maximum velocity v. As the destination is approached, the stage
is decelerated at a so that the final position is approached slowly in a controlled
manner.
Fig. 5.4 Graph of a trapezoidal velocity profile
velocity
maximum
velocity (v)
time
acceleration (slope) a
Chapter 5
The S-curve profile is a trapezoidal curve with an additional 'Bow Index' parameter,
which limits the rate of change of acceleration and smooths out the contours of the
motion profile. The Bow Value is applied in mm/s
3
and is derived from the Bow Index
field as follows:
Bow Value = 2
(Bow Index -1)
within the range 1 to 262144 (Bow Index 1 to 18).
In this profile mode, the acceleration increases gradually from 0 to the specified
acceleration value, then decreases at the same rate until it reaches 0 again at the
specified velocity. The same sequence in reverse brings the axis to a stop at the
programmed destination position.
Example
Fig. 5.5 Typical S-Curve Profile
The figure above shows a typical S-curve profile. In segment (1), the S-curve profile
drives the axis at the specified Bow Index (BI) until the maximum acceleration (A) is
reached. The axis continues to accelerate linearly (Bow Index = 0) through segment
(2). The profile then applies the negative value of Bow Index to reduce the
acceleration to 0 during segment (3). The axis is now at the maximum velocity (V), at
which it continues through segment (4). The profile then decelerates in a similar
manner to the acceleration phase, using the Bow Index to reach the maximum
deceleration (D) and then bring the axis to a stop at the destination.
Note
The higher the Bow Index, then the shorter the BI phases of the curve, and
the steeper the acceleration and deceleration phases. High values of Bow
Index may cause a move to overshoot.
BI BI
A
D
-BI -BI
V
V
e
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1 2 3 4 5 6 7
A - acceleration
D - deceleration
V - velocity
BI - bow index
41
Persist Settings to Hardware - Many of the parameters that can be set for the BSC20x
series drivers can be stored (persisted) within the unit itself, such that when the unit
is next powered up these settings are applied automatically. This is particularly
important when the driver is being used manually via a joystick, in the absence of a
PC and USB link. The Move and Jog parameters described previously are good
examples of settings that can be altered and then persisted in the driver for later use.
To save the settings to hardware, check the Persist Settings to Hardware checkbox
before clicking the OK button.
5.3.2 Stage/Axis tab
Fig. 5.6 Stepper Motor Controller - Stage/Axis Settings
Note
This tab contains a number of parameters which are related to the physical
characteristics of the particular stage being driven. They need to be set
accordingly such that a particular stage is driven properly by the system.
For Thorlabs stages, the APT Config utility can be used to associate a
specific stage and axis type with the motor channel (refer to the APT Config
helpfile for further details on how to associate a stage and axis). Once this
association has been made, the APT server will automatically apply suitable
defaults for the parameters on this tab during boot up of the software. These
parameters should not be altered for pre-defined Thorlabs stages selected
using APT Config, as it may adversely affect the performance of the stage.
For custom stage types not available using the APT Config utility, the stage
details must be entered manually. Individual parameters are described in the
following paragraphs.
Chapter 5
Stage and Axis Type - For Thorlabs stages, the stage type is displayed automatically
once the axis has been associated using the APTConfig utility. For third party stages,
the display shows Unknown.
Min Pos - the stage/actuator minimum position (typically zero).
Max Pos - the stage/actuator maximum position.
Pitch - the pitch of the motor lead screw (i.e. the distance (in millimetres or degrees)
travelled per revolution of the leadscrew).
Units - the real world positioning units (mm or degrees).
Homing
When homing, a stage typically moves in the reverse direction, (i.e. towards the
reverse limit switch). The following settings allow support for stages with both Forward
and Reverse limits.
Direction - the direction sense to move when homing, either Forward or Reverse.
Limit Switch - The hardware limit switch associated with the home position, either
Forward HW or Reverse HW.
Zero Offset - the distance offset (in mm or degrees) from the limit switch to the Home
position.
Velocity - the maximum velocity at which the motors move when Homing.
For further information on the home position, see Section F.2.2.
Hardware Limit Switches
The operation of the limit switches is inherent in the design of the associated stage or
actuator. The following parameters notify the system to the action of the switches
Caution
Extreme care must be taken when modifying the stage related settings
that follow. Some settings are self consistent with respect to each other,
and illegal combinations of settings can result in incorrect operation of
the physical motor/stage combination being driven. Consult Thorlabs for
advice on settings for stage/actuator types that are not selectable via the
APTConfig utility.
Note
Typically, the following two parameters are set the same, i.e. both
Forward or both Reverse.
Note
The minimum velocity and acceleration/deceleration parameters for a
home move are taken from the existing move velocity profile parameters.
43
when contact is made. Select Rev Switch or Fwd Switch as required, then select the
relevant operation.
Switch Makes - The switch closes on contact
Switch Breaks - The switch opens on contact
Ignore/Absent - The switch is missing, or should be ignored.
Motor
These parameters are used to set the 'resolution' characteristics of the stepper motor
connected to the selected channel. The resolution of the motor, combined with other
characteristics (such as lead screw pitch) of the associated actuator or stage,
determines the overall resolution.
Steps Per Rev - The number of full steps per revolution of the stepper motor
(minimum '1', maximum '10000').
Gearbox Ratio - The ratio of the gearbox. For example, if the gearbox has a reduction
ratio of X:1 (i.e. every 1 turn at the output of the gearbox requires X turns of the motor
shaft) then the Gearbox Ratio value is set to X. (minimum '1', maximum '1000').
Note
The Gearbox Ratio parameter is applicable only to motors fitted with a
gearbox.
Note
The Steps Per Rev and Gearbox Ratio parameters, together with the
Pitch and Units parameters are used to calculate the calibration factor
for use when converting real world units to microsteps. However, the
Steps Per Rev parameter is entered as full steps, not microsteps. The
system automatically applies a factor of 128 microsteps per full step.
The stepper motors used on the majority of Thorlabs stages/actuators
have 200 full steps per rev and no gearbox fitted. For these motors the
Steps Per Rev and Gearbox Ratio parameters have values of 200 and 1
respectively.
The correct default values for Steps Per Rev and Gearbox Ratio are
applied automatically when the APTConfig.exe utility is used to associate
a specific stage or actuator type with a motor channel. See the APTConfig
helpfile and the tutorial Section 3.6. for more details.
Chapter 5
Persist Settings to Hardware - Many of the parameters that can be set for the BSC20x
series drivers can be stored (persisted) within the unit itself, such that when the unit is next
powered up these settings are applied automatically. This is particularly important when
the driver is being used manually via a joystick, in the absence of a PC and USB link. The
Min Pos, Max Pos, and Velocity parameters described previously are good examples of
settings that can be altered and then persisted in the driver for later use.
5.3.3 Advanced Tab
Fig. 5.7 Stepper Motor Controller - Advanced Settings
Triggering
It is possible to configure a particular controller to respond to trigger inputs, generate
trigger outputs or both respond to and generate a trigger output. When a trigger input
is received, the unit can be set to initiate a move (relative, absolute or home). Similarly
the unit can be set to generate a trigger output signal when instructed to move via a
software (USB) command. For those units configured for both input and output
triggering, a move can be initiated via a trigger input while at the same time, a trigger
output can be generated to initiate a move on another unit.
Note
The move parameters for triggered moves can only be set via software method
calls in APTServer. Triggered moves cannot be set up via the GUI panel.
45
The trigger settings can be used to configure multiple units in a master - slave set up,
thereby allowing multiple channels of motion to be synchronized. Multiple moves can
then be initiated via a single software or hardware trigger command.
Mode
The Mode parameter sets the trigger mode for the associated channel.
Disabled - triggering operation is disabled
Trig In - a move (specified using the Move Type parameter below) is initiated on the
specified channel when a trigger input signal (i.e. rising edge) is received on the Trig
In pin of the rear panel CONTROL IO D-type connector - see Section A.1. for pin out
details.
Trig In/Out - As for Trig In, but now a trigger output signal will also be generated on
the Trig Output pin when the move begins - see Section A.1. for pin out details.
Trig Out - A trigger output signal is generated on the Trig Out pin when a move
(relative, absolute or home) is initiated via software (either through the GUI panel or
ActiveX method call).
Move Type
The Move Type parameter determines the type of move to be initiated on the
associated channel when a trigger input signal is detected on the Trig In or Trig Out
connector.
Relative - triggered relative move. Relative move distance and velocity profile
parameters can be set prior to triggering using the SetRelMoveDist and
SetVelParams methods respectively.
Absolute - triggered absolute move. Absolute move position and velocity profile
parameters can be set prior to triggering using the SetAbsMovePos and
SetVelParams methods respectively.
Home - triggered home sequence. Homing parameters can be set prior to triggering
using the SetHomeParams method.
Chapter 5
For example, consider the following diagram:
Fig. 5.8 Typical Triggering Set Up
When the move command is received via the USB link, the motor associated with unit
A starts to move by the specified relative distance. Unit A also sends a trigger signal
to Unit B. Unit B has been set to 'Trig In', so on receipt of the trigger from unit A, the
associated motor also starts to move.
Persist Settings to Hardware - The Triggering parameters described earlier can be
stored (persisted) within the unit itself, such that when the unit is next powered up
these settings are applied automatically. This is particularly important when the driver
is being used manually via a joystick, in the absence of a PC and USB link.
move
command
Motor 1 move
motor 2 move
motor unit B
motor unit A
Triggering Parameter setup
Motor Unit A (Master)
Trigger Mode - Trig Out
Move Type - Relative
Motor Unit B (Slave)
Trigger Mode - Trig In
Move Type - Relative
Initiate move on Motor
Unit A via software or GUI,
CONTROL IO
Pin 12
(Trigger Out)
CONTROL IO
Pin 4
(Trigger In)
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5.3.4 Joystick Tab
Fig. 5.9 Joystick Settings
If the optional Thorlabs joystick console is being used (MJC001) the following
parameters are used to set the velocity and acceleration limits and the direction sense
of any moves initiated from the joystick.- see Section 4.9. for more details on joystick
use.
Low Gear Max Vel The max velocity of a move when low gear mode is selected.
High Gear Max Vel The max velocity of a move when high gear mode is selected.
Low Gear Accn The acceleration of a move when low gear mode is selected.
High Gear Accn The acceleration of a move when high gear mode is selected.
Direction Sense The actual direction sense of any joystick initiated moves is
dependent upon the application. This parameter can be used to reverse the sense of
direction for a particular application and is useful when matching joystick direction
sense to actual stage direction sense.
Persist Settings to Hardware - The Joystick Parameters described above can be
stored (persisted) within the unit itself, such that when the unit is next powered up
these settings are applied automatically. This is particularly important when the driver
is being used manually via a joystick, in the absence of a PC and USB link.
Note
Joystick controlled moves always use a trapezoidal velocity profile.
48
Appendix A Rear Panel Connector Pinout Details
A.1 Rear Panel CONTROL IO Connector
The CONTROL I/O is a 15-Pin D-Type, Female connector that exposes a number of
electrical signals useful for external control. It is possible to configure a particular
controller to respond to trigger inputs, generate trigger outputs or both respond to and
generate a trigger output - see Section 5.3.3. Motor jogging lines can be used to jog
the motor in both forward and reverse directions from a remote handset (Jogging
parameters (e.g. jog distance) are set via the GUI panel - see Section 5.3.1.).
The pin functions are detailed in Fig. A.1.
Fig. A.1 MOTOR I/O connector pin identification
Pin Description Return Pin Description Return
1 User 5V I/O 9 9 User 0V
2 * Jog forwards 9 10 * Jog backwards 9
3 Not Used 9 11 ** Analog In 9
4 Tigger In 12 Trigger Out 9
5 User 0V 13 Not Used
6 RS232 TX 14 RS232 RX 6
7 Digital (User) In 15 Digital (User) Out 9
8 Keyed Pin
Notes
* Jog inputs must be short circuit to User 0V (pin 9) in order to function.
** Analog In is 0 to 5V wrt 0V (pin 9). The input can be read by calling the
LLGetADCInputs method in the APT software - see the APTServer helpfile for
more details.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
9 10 11 12 13 14 15
49
A.1.1 Digital/User Outputs
All digital outputs are of the open-collector type, with a 330 Ohm series resistor. When
the output is set to a logic zero (which is also the default state), it behaves as open
circuit. When it is a logic one, it behaves as a 330 Ohm resistor connected to ground.
Fig. A.2 Digital Output Schematic
In some applications, the outputs may be required to control external equipment that
has optocoupler type inputs (such as PLCs). The digital outputs used here can be
used to directly drive most optocouplers and the +5V supply available on pins 14 and
15 can be used to provide power for the optocouplers.
Fig. A.3 Application Example: Connection to Optocoupler Inputs
These outputs can also be used to interface to external logic circuitry (a pull-up
resistor may be needed if the external logic does not contain it) or control other types
of inputs.
Please see the LLSetGetDigOPs method in the APTServer helpfile for details on how
to control these logic IO.
Caution
The voltage that external equipment applies to the digital outputs must be
within the range 0 V and +5 V DC, or damage to the outputs may occur.
Output
330R
0V
330R
gnd
+5V
Optocoupler
Appendix A
A.1.2 Digital/User Inputs
The digital inputs used in the controller are of the standard CMOS logic gate type with
TTL compatible input levels and a built-in pull-up resistor (10 kOhm to +5V). They can
be connected directly to mechanical switches, open-collector type outputs or most
type of logic outputs.
Fig. A.4 Digital Input Schematic (protection circuitry not shown)
When connected to a switch, the inputs will read as logic LOW if the switch is open
circuit and HIGH if the switch is closed. When connected to a logic output, or any other
voltage source, the input is guaranteed to read LOW if the voltage is above 2.4V and
HIGH when the output is below 0.8 V. Please see the LLGetStatusBits method in the
APTServer helpfile for details on how to control these logic IO.
A.1.3 Trigger Output
The trigger output is different from the rest of the digital outputs in that it is a 5V CMOS
logic gate with a series 1 kOhm resistor for protection. It behaves as +5V voltage
source with 1 kOhm in series when the outputs is a logic HIGH, and 1 kOhm to ground
when it is a logic LOW. The 1 kOhm resistor limits the current to 5 mA maximum for
any load as long as the output is not connected to voltages outside the 0 V to +5V
range.
Fig. A.5 Trigger Output Schematic
Caution
The voltage applied to the digital inputs must be within the range
0 V to +7V DC, or damage to the inputs may occur.
10K
gnd
5V
IN
1K
Gnd
5V
Trigger Out
51
As this output is actively driven, it can be connected, for example, to an oscilloscope
without a need for an external pull-up resistor. It can also be used to drive most
optocouplers.
A.1.4 Trigger Input
The Trigger inputs are ekectrically identical to the digital inputs (i.e. a standard CMOS
logic gate type with TTL compatible input levels and a built-in pull-up resistor,
10 kOhm to +5V). They can be connected directly to mechanical switches, open-
collector type outputs or most type of logic outputs.
Fig. A.6 Trigger Input Schematic (protection circuitry not shown)
When connected to a switch, the inputs will read as logic LOW if the switch is open
circuit and HIGH if the switch is closed. When connected to a logic output, or any other
voltage source, the input is guaranteed to read LOW if the voltage is above 2.4V and
HIGH when the output is below 0.8 V.
A.1.5 +5 Volt Supply
A +5 V, 250 mA supply is provided for interfacing to external circuits that require a
power source.
Caution
The voltage applied to the trigger inputs must be within the range
0 V to +7V DC, or damage to the outputs may occur.
Caution
Do not exceed the 250 mA maximum output current. For applications
requiring higher currents an external power supply must be used.
10K
gnd
5V
IN
Appendix A
A.2 Rear Panel HANDSET Connector
Provides connection to the MJC001 joystick. The pin functions are detailed in in Fig. A.7
Fig. A.7 HANDSET Connector Pin Identification
A.3 Rear Panel MOTOR DRIVE Connectors
The MOTOR DRIVE is a 15-Pin D-Type, Female connector that provides connection
to the motors. The pin functions are detailed in Fig. A.8. In each case the signal must
be referenced to the indicated return pin in order to be true.
Fig. A.8 DRIVE CHANNEL Connector Pin Identification
Pin Description
1 RX (controller input)
2 Ground
3 Ground
4 +5V , 100 mA Supply for Joystick
5 TX (controller output)
6 Ground
Pin Description Return Pin Description Return
1 Encoder A +ve 9 CW Limit Stwitch
2 Encoder A -ve 10 CCW Limit Switch
3 Encoder B +ve 11 0V User
4 Encoder B -ve 12 For Future Use
5 5V User 13 For Future Use
6 For Future Use 14 Motor Phase B +
7 Motor Phase B - 15 Motor Phase A +
8 Motor Phase A -
1 2
3
5
4
6
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
9 10 11 12 13 14 15
53
A.4 Rear Panel INTERCONNECT Connector (RS232)
A.4.1 Pin Identification
The INTERCONNECT terminal is a male, 9 pin D-Type that exposes electrical signals
for use in RS232 communications. This allows control of the device using the low level
communications protocol, or other software environments. A 9-way D-type female to
female crossover (null modem) cable is required for connecting to the host PC.
The pin functions are detailed in Fig. A.9 .
Fig. A.9 INTERCONNECT Connector Pin Identification
Pin Description
1 Not Connected
2 RX (controller input)
3 TX (controller output)
4 Not Connected
5 Ground
6 Not Connected
7 Not Connected
8 Not Connected
9 Not Connected
Note
It is not possible to use the USB Comms and the Serial interface at the same
time. If this is the attempted, whichever port is used first will dominate and the
other will be ignored.
1 2 3 4 5
6 7 8 9
54
Appendix B Using the RS232 or Virtual Comm Port
When using the low level communications protocol messages to develop client
applications outside of the APT software, communication with the device is facilitated by
using the RS232 comms pins on the rear panel INTERCONNECT connector - see Section
A.4. Alternatively, a virtual comms port can be configured as follows:
1) Open the device manager by selecting Start/Control Panel/Device Manager/
55
2) Click USB Serial Bus Controllers and select the APT USB Device to be
configured, then right click and select Properties.
3) The USB Device Properties window is displayed.
Appendix B
4) Select the Advanced tab, and check the Load VCP box.
5) Click OK, then power cycle the device being configured.
6) In the device manager, click Ports (COM & LPT), and note the APT USB Device
Serial Port COM port number (e.g. COM3).
This COM port can then be used by the client application to communicate with the
device using the low level protocol messages.
57
Appendix C Preventive Maintenance
C.1 Safety Testing
PAT testing in accordance with local regulations, should be performed on a regular
basis, (typically annually for an instrument in daily use).
C.2 Cleaning
Shock Warning
The equipment contains no user servicable parts. There is a risk of severe
electrical shock if the equipment is operated with the covers removed.
Only personnel authorized by Thorlabs Ltd and trained in the
maintenance of this equipment should remove its covers or attempt any
repairs or adjustments. Maintenance is limited to safety testing and
cleaning as described in the following sections.
Caution
The instrument contains a power supply filter. Insulation testing of the
power supply connector should be performed using a DC voltage.
Warning
Disconnect the power supply before cleaning the unit.
Never allow water to get inside the case.
Do not saturate the unit.
Do not use any type of abrasive pad, scouring powder or solvent, e.g.
alcohol or benzene.
58
Appendix D Specifications and Associated Parts
D.1 Specifications
Parameter Value
Input/Output
Motor Drive
(15-Pin D-type Female)
2-Phase Bipolar Motor Drive Output
Differential Quadrature Encoder Interface
Forward, Reverse Limit Switch Inputs
Control IO
(15-Pin D-type Female)
Jog Forward
Jog Back
User Outputs/Inputs
Single - ended analog input (0-10 Volt)
Trigger In/Out
Resolution 2048 Microsteps per Full Step
200 Step Motor - 409600 Microsteps per Rev
Motor Power Up to 48 V/50 W (peak)
Input Power Requirements
Voltage 85-264 VAC
Power 200 W
Fuse 3.15 A
Motor speeds Up to 3000 RPM (for 200 full step motor)
Encoder feedback bandwidth 500,000 counts/sec
General
Housing Dimensions (W x D x H) 240 x 360 x 133 mm (9.5 x 14.2 x 5.2 in.)
Instrument Weight 6.7 kg (14.75 lbs)
Compatible Motors
Peak Powers 5 to 50 W
Average Power 25 W Maximum
Step Angle Range 20 to 1.8
Coil Resistance (nominal) 4 to 15
Coil Inductance (nominal) 4 to 15 mH
Rated Phase Currents (nominal) 100 mA to 1 A
59
D.2 Associated Products
Product Name Part Number
Stepper Motor Actuator, 4mm travel DRV001
Stepper Motor Actuator, 25mm (1) travel, trapezoidal leadscrew DRV013
Stepper Motor Actuator, 50mm (2) travel, trapezoidal leadscrew DRV014
Stepper Motor Drive Cable (1.25 Metres) PAA 610
Stepper Motor Drive Cable (3.0 Metres) PAA 611
60
Appendix E Motor Control Method Summary
The 'Motor' ActiveX Control provides the functionality required for a client application
to control one or more of the APT series of motor controller units.
To specify the particular controller being addressed, every unit is factory programmed
with a unique 8-digit serial number. This serial number is key to the operation of the
APT Server software and is used by the Server to enumerate and communicate
independently with multiple hardware units connected on the same USB bus. The
serial number must be specified using the HWSerialNum property before an ActiveX
control instance can communicate with the hardware unit. This can be done at design
time or at run time. Note that the appearance of the ActiveX Control GUI (graphical
user interface) will change to the required format when the serial number has been
entered.
The Methods and Properties of the Motor ActiveX Control can be used to perform
activities such as homing stages, absolute and relative moves, and changing velocity
profile settings. A brief summary of ech method and property is given below, for more
detailed information and individual parameter descriptiond please see the on-line help
file supplied with the APT server.
Methods
CalibrateEnc Calibrates encoder equipped stage.
DeleteParamSet Deletes stored settings for specific controller.
DisableHWChannel Disables the drive output.
DoEvents Allows client application to process other activity.
EnableHWChannel Enables the drive output.
GetAbsMovePos Gets the absolute move position.
GetAbsMovePos_AbsPos Gets the absolute move position (returned by value).
GetBLashDist Gets the backlash distance.
GetBLashDist_BLashDist Gets the backlash distance (returned by value).
GetCtrlStarted Gets the ActiveX Control started flag.
GetDispMode Gets the GUI display mode.
GetEncCalibTableParams Gets the encoder calibration table parameters for
encoder equipped stages.
GetEncPosControlParams Gets the encoder position control parameters for
GetEncPosCorrectParams Gets the encoder position correction parameters for
GetHomeParams Gets the homing sequence parameters.
61
GetHomeParams_HomeVel Gets the homing velocity parameter (returned by
value).
GetHomeParams_ZeroOffset Gets the homing zero offset parameter (returned by
value).
GetHWCommsOK Gets the hardware communications OK flag.
GetHWLimSwitches Gets the limit switch configuration settings.
GetJogMode Gets the jogging button operating modes.
GetJogMode_Mode Get the jogging button operating mode (returned by
value).
GetJogMode_StopMode Gets the jogging button stopping mode (returned by
value).
GetJogStepSize Gets the jogging step size.
GetJogStepSize_StepSize Gets the jogging step size (returned by value).
GetJogVelParams Gets the jogging velocity profile parameters.
GetJogVelParams_Accn Gets the jogging acceleration parameter (returned
by value).
GetJogVelParams_MaxVel Gets the jogging maximum velocity parameter
(returned by value).
GetMotorParams Gets the motor gearing parameters.
GetParentHWInfo Gets the identification information of the host
controller.
GetPhaseCurrents Gets the coil phase currents.
GetPosition Gets the current motor position.
GetPosition_Position Gets the current motor position (returned by value).
GetPositionEx Gets the current motor position.
GetPositionEx_UncalibPosition Gets the current uncalibrated motor position
(returned by value).
GetPositionOffset Gets the motor position offset.
GetRelMoveDist Gets the relative move distance.
GetRelMoveDist_RelDist Gets the relative move distance (returned by
reference).
GetStageAxis Gets the stage type information associated with the
motor under control.
GetStageAxisInfo Gets the stage axis parameters.
GetStageAxisInfo_MaxPos Gets the stage maximum position (returned by
value).
GetStageAxisInfo_MinPos Gets the stage minimum position (returned by
value).
Appendix E
GetStatusBits_Bits Gets the controller status bits encoded in 32 bit
integer (returned by value).
GetTriggerParams Gets the move triggering parameters.
GetVelParamLimits Gets the maximum velocity profile parameter limits.
GetVelParams Gets the velocity profile parameters.
GetVelParams_Accn Gets the move acceleration (returned by value).
GetVelParams_MaxVel Gets the move maximum velocity (returned by
value).
Identify Identifies the controller by flashing unit LEDs.
LLGetDigIPs Gets digital input states encoded in 32 bit integer.
LLGetStatusBits Gets the controller status bits encoded in 32 bit
integer.
LLSetGetDigOPs Sets or Gets the user digital output bits encoded in
32 bit integer.
LoadParamSet Loads stored settings for specific controller.
MoveAbsolute Initiates an absolute move.
MoveAbsoluteEnc Initiates an absolute move with specified positions
for encoder equipped stages.
MoveAbsoluteEx Initiates an absoloute move with specified positions.
MoveAbsoluteRot Initiates an absolute move with specified positions
for rotary stages.
MoveHome Initiates a homing sequence.
MoveJog Initiates a jog move.
MoveRelative Initiates a relative move.
MoveRelativeEnc Initiates a relative move with specified distances for
MoveRelativeEx Initiates a relative move with specified distances.
MoveVelocity Initiates a move at constant velocity with no end
point.
SaveParamSet Saves settings for a specific controller.
SetAbsMovePos Sets the absolute move position.
SetBLashDist Sets the backlash distance.
SetChannelSwitch Sets the GUI channel switch position.
SetDispMode Sets the GUI display mode.
SetEncCalibTableParams Sets the encoder calibration table parameters for
SetEncPosControlParams Sets the encoder position control parameters for
63
SetEncPosCorrectParams Sets the encoder position correction parameters for
SetHomeParams Sets the homing sequence parameters.
SetHWLimSwitches Sets the limit switch configuration settings.
SetJogMode Sets the jogging button operating modes.
SetJogStepSize Sets the jogging step size.
SetJogVelParams Sets the jogging velocity profile parameters.
SetMotorParams Sets the motor gearing parameters.
SetPhaseCurrents Sets the coil phase currents.
SetPositionOffset Sets the motor position offset.
SetPotParams Sets the velocity control potentiometer parameters
(Cube drivers).
SetRelMoveDist Sets the relative move distance.
SetStageAxisInfo Sets the stage axis parameters.
SetTriggerParams Sets the move triggering parameters.
SetVelParams Sets the velocity profile parameters.
ShowSettingsDlg Display the GUI Settings panel.
StartCtrl Starts the ActiveX Control (starts communication
with controller)
StopCtrl Stops the ActiveX Control (stops communication
with controller)
StopImmediate Stops a motor move immediately.
StopProfiled Stops a motor move in a profiled (decelleration)
manner.
Properties
APTHelp Specifies the help file that will be accessed when the
user presses the F1 key. If APTHelp is set to 'True',
the main server helpfile MG17Base will be launched.
DisplayMode Allows the display mode of the virtual display panel
to be set/read.
HWSerialNum specifies the serial number of the hardware unit to
be associated with an ActiveX control instance.
64
Appendix F Stepper Motor Operation - Background
F.1 How A Stepper Motor Works
F.1.1 General Principle
Thorlabs actuators use a stepper motor to drive a precision lead screw.
Stepper motors operate using the principle of magnetic attraction and repulsion to
convert digital pulses into mechanical shaft rotation. The amount of rotation achieved
is directly proportional to the number of input pulses generated and the speed is
proportional to the frequency of these pulses. A basic stepper motor has a permanent
magnet and/or an iron rotor, together with a stator. The torque required to rotate the
stepper motor is generated by switching (commutating) the current in the stator coils
as illustrated in Fig. F.1.
Fig. F.1 Simplified concept of stepper motor operation
Although only 4 stator poles are shown above, in reality there are numerous tooth-like
poles on both the rotor and stator. The result is that positional increments (steps) of
1.8 degrees can be achieved by switching the coils (i.e. 200 steps per revolution). If
the current through one coil is increased as it is decreased in another, the new rotor
position is somewhere between the two coils and the step size is a defined fraction of
a full step (microstep).
The size of the microstep depends on the resolution of the driver electronics. When
used with the Thorlabs BSC203 Stepper Motor Controller, the smallest angular
adjustment is 0.000879 degrees (i.e. 1.8/0.000879 = 2048 microsteps per full step),
resulting in a resolution of 409,600 microsteps per revolution for a 200 full step motor.
In practise, the mechanical resolution achieved by the system may be coarser than a
single microstep, primarily because there may be a small difference between the
orientation of the magnetic field generated by the stator and the orientation in which
the rotor comes to rest.
N
S
on
on
N S
on
on
65
F.1.2 Positive and Negative Moves
Positive and negative are used to describe the direction of a move. A positive move
means a move from a smaller absolute position to a larger one, a negative move
means the opposite.
In the case of a linear actuator, a positive move takes the platform of the stage further
away from the motor.
In a rotational stage, a positive move turns the platform clockwise when viewed from
above.
F.1.3 Velocity Profiles
To prevent the motor from stalling, it must be ramped up gradually to its maximum
velocity. Certain limits to velocity and acceleration result from the torque and speed
limits of the motor, and the inertia and friction of the parts it drives.
The system incorporates a trajectory generator, which performs calculations to
determine the instantaneous position, velocity and acceleration of each axis at any
given moment. During a motion profile, these values will change continuously. Once
the move is complete, these parameters will then remain unchanged until the next
move begins.
The specific move profile created by the system depends on several factors, such as
the profile mode and profile parameters presently selected, and other conditions such
as whether a motion stop has been requested. The profile mode can be set to
Trapezoidal or Bow Index as described in Section 5.3.1.
The Trapezoidal profile is a standard, symmetrical acceleration/deceleration motion
curve, in which the start velocity is always zero. This profile is selected when the Bow
Index field is set to 0.
In a typical trapezoidal velocity profile, (see Fig. 5.4.), the stage is ramped at
acceleration a to a maximum velocity v. As the destination is approached, the stage
is decelerated at a so that the final position is approached slowly in a controlled
manner.
Fig. 6.2 Graph of a trapezoidal velocity profile
velocity
maximum
velocity (v)
time
acceleration (slope) a
Appendix F
The S-curve profile is a trapezoidal curve with an additional 'Bow Value' parameter,
which limits the rate of change of acceleration and smooths out the contours of the
motion profile. The Bow Value is applied in mm/s
3
and is derived from the Bow Index
field as follows:
Bow Value = 2
(Bow Index -1)
within the range 1 to 262144 (Bow Index 1 to 18).
In this profile mode, the acceleration increases gradually from 0 to the specified
acceleration value, then decreases at the same rate until it reaches 0 again at the
specified velocity. The same sequence in reverse brings the axis to a stop at the
programmed destination position.
Example
Fig. 6.3 Typical S-Curve Profile
The figure above shows a typical S-curve profile. In segment (1), the S-curve profile
drives the axis at the specified Bow Index (BI) until the maximum acceleration (A) is
reached. The axis continues to accelerate linearly (Bow Index = 0) through segment
(2). The profile then applies the negative value of Bow Index to reduce the
acceleration to 0 during segment (3). The axis is now at the maximum velocity (V), at
which it continues through segment (4). The profile then decelerates in a similar
manner to the acceleration phase, using the Bow Index to reach the maximum
deceleration (D) and then bring the axis to a stop at the destination.
F.2 Positioning a Stage
F.2.1 General
Whenever a command is received to move a stage, the movement is specified in
motion units, (e.g. millimetres). This motion unit value is converted to microsteps
before it is sent to the stage. If operating the unit by the front panel (local mode) this
Note
The higher the Bow Index, then the shorter the BI phases of the curve, and
the steeper the acceleration and deceleration phases. High values of Bow
Index may cause a move to overshoot.
BI BI
A
D
-BI -BI
V
V
e
l
o
c
i
t
y
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
A - acceleration
D - deceleration
V - velocity
BI - bow index
67
conversion is performed internally by the controller. If operating via a PC (remote
mode) then the conversion is performed by the APT software.
Each motor in the system has an associated electronic counter in the controller, which
keeps a record of the net number of microsteps moved. If a request is received to
report the position, the value of this counter is converted back into motion units.
F.2.2 Home position
When the system is powered up, the position counters in the controller are all set to
zero and consequently, the system has no way of knowing the position of the stage
in relation to any physical datum.
A datum can be established by sending all the motors to their Home positions. The
Home position is set during manufacture and is determined by driving the motor until
the negative limit switch is reached and then driving positively a fixed distance (zero
offset). When at the Home position, the counters are reset to zero thereby
establishing a fixed datum that can be found even after the system has been switched
off.
See Section 4.3. for details on performing a Home move.
F.2.3 Limit Switches
A linear stage moves between two stops, and movement outside these limits is
physically impossible. Linear stages can include stages that control the angle of a
platform within a certain range, although the movement of the platform is not really
linear but angular. Rotary stages can rotate indefinitely, like a wheel.
Linear and rotary stages both contain microswitches that detect certain positions of
the stage, but they differ in the way these switches are used.
All linear stages have a ve limit switch, to prevent the stage from accidentally being
moved too far in the ve direction. Once this switch is activated, movement stops. The
switch also provides a physical datum used to find the Home position. Some linear
stages and actuators also have a +ve limit switch, whereas others rely on a physical
stop to halt the motion in the positive direction. A rotary stage has only one switch,
used to provide a datum so that the Home position can be found. Movement is
allowed right through the switch position in either direction.
Fig. F.4 Stage limit switches
Rotary stage Linear stage
Datum switch
-ve limit switch +ve limit switch
(or stop)
Appendix F
F.2.4 Minimum and Maximum Positions
These positions are dependent upon the stage or actuator to which the motors are
fitted, and are defined as the minimum and maximum useful positions of the stage
relative to the Home position - see Fig. F.5.
The distance from the Minimum position to the Maximum position is the useful travel
of the stage. It is often the case that the Minimum position is zero. The Home and
Minimum positions then coincide, with movement always occurring on the positive
side of the Home position.
Rotary stages have effectively no limits of travel. The Minimum and Maximum
positions are conventionally set to 0 and 360 degrees respectively. When the position
of a rotary stage is requested, the answer will be reported as a number between 0 and
360 degrees, measured in the positive direction from the Home position.
Fig. F.5 Minimum and Maximum Positions
F.2.5 Power Saving
The current needed to hold a motor in a fixed position is much smaller than the current
needed to move it, and it is advantageous to reduce the current through a stationary
motor in order to reduce heating. Although this heating does not harm the motor or
stage, it is often undesirable because it can cause thermal movements through
expansion of the metal of the stage.
For this reason, power saving is implemented by default from the software drivers.
When a motor is moving, the Move Power is applied. When a motor is stationary, the
Rest Power is applied. See Phase Powers in Section 5.3.3. for more details on
these power settings.
Travel
Min. position (zero)
(home)
Max. position
Offset
-ve limit switch
SW positive limit SW negative limit
69
F.3 Error Correction
F.3.1 Backlash correction
The term backlash refers to the tendency of the stage to reach a different position
depending on the direction of approach.
Backlash can be overcome by always making the last portion of a move in the same
direction, conventionally the positive direction. Consider the situation in Fig. 6.6, a
positive move, from 10 to 20 mm, is carried out as one simple move, whereas a
negative move, from 20 to 10 mm, first causes the stage to overshoot the target
position and then move positively through a small amount.
Fig. 6.6 Backlash correction
The controller has this type of backlash correction enabled as its default mode of
operation, but it can be overridden if the overshoot part of the move is unacceptable
for a particular application.
See Chapter 5 (PC Operation) for details on setting the backlash correction.
negat ive move
positive move
10mm 20mm
position
70
Appendix G Regulatory
G.1 Declarations Of Conformity
G.1.1 For Customers in Europe
This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the EC Directives
2004/108/EC EMC Directive and 2006/95/EC Low Voltage Directive.
Compliance was demonstrated by conformance to the following specifications which
have been listed in the Official Journal of the European Communities:
Safety EN61010-1: 2010 Safety requirements for electrical equipment for
measurement, control and laboratory use.
EMC EN61326-1: 2006 Electrical equipment for measurement, control
and laboratory use - EMC requirements.
G.1.2 For Customers In The USA
This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class A
digital device, persuant to part 15 of the FCC rules. These limits are designed to
provide reasonable protection against harmful interference when the equipment is
operated in a commercial environment. This equipment generates, uses and can
radiate radio frequency energy and, if not installed and used in accordance with the
instruction manual, may cause harmful interference to radio communications.
Operation of this equipment in a residential area is likely to cause harmful interference
in which case the user will be required to correct the interference at his own expense.
Changes or modifications not expressly approved by the company could void the
users authority to operate the equipment.
G.2 Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE) Directive
G.2.1 Compliance
As required by the Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE) Directive of
the European Community and the corresponding national laws, we offer all end users
in the EC the possibility to return "end of life" units without incurring disposal charges.
This offer is valid for electrical and electronic equipment
sold after August 13th 2005
marked correspondingly with the crossed out "wheelie bin" logo (see Fig. 1)
sold to a company or institute within the EC
currently owned by a company or institute within the EC
still complete, not disassembled and not contaminated
71
Fig. 7.1 Crossed out "wheelie bin" symbol
As the WEEE directive applies to self contained operational electrical and electronic
products, this "end of life" take back service does not refer to other products, such as
pure OEM products, that means assemblies to be built into a unit by the user (e. g.
OEM laser driver cards)
components
mechanics and optics
left over parts of units disassembled by the user (PCB's, housings etc.).
If you wish to return a unit for waste recovery, please contact Thorlabs or your nearest
dealer for further information.
G.2.2 Waste treatment on your own responsibility
If you do not return an "end of life" unit to the company, you must hand it to a company
specialized in waste recovery. Do not dispose of the unit in a litter bin or at a public
waste disposal site.
G.2.3 Ecological background
It is well known that WEEE pollutes the environment by releasing toxic products
during decomposition. The aim of the European RoHS directive is to reduce the
content of toxic substances in electronic products in the future.
The intent of the WEEE directive is to enforce the recycling of WEEE. A controlled
recycling of end of life products will thereby avoid negative impacts on the
environment.
Appendix G
7.3 CE Certificates
73
Appendix G
75
Appendix H Thorlabs Worldwide Contacts
USA, Canada, and South America
Thorlabs, Inc.
56 Sparta Ave
Newton, NJ 07860
USA
Tel: 973-579-7227
Fax: 973-300-3600
www.thorlabs.com
www.thorlabs.us (West Coast)
email: [email protected]
Support: [email protected]
Europe
Thorlabs GmbH
Hans-Bckler-Str. 6
85221 Dachau
Germany
Tel: +49-(0)8131-5956-0
Fax: +49-(0)8131-5956-99
www.thorlabs.de
UK and Ireland
Thorlabs Ltd.
1 Saint Thomas Place, Ely
Cambridgeshire CB7 4EX
Great Britain
Tel: +44 (0)1353-654440
Fax: +44 (0)1353-654444
www.thorlabs.de
Support:
[email protected]
France
Thorlabs SAS
109, rue des Ctes
78600 Maisons-Laffitte
France
Tel: +33 (0) 970 444 844
Fax: +33 (0) 811 381 748
www.thorlabs.de
Scandinavia
Thorlabs Sweden AB
Box 141 94
400 20 Gteborg
Sweden
Tel: +46-31-733-30-00
Fax: +46-31-703-40-45
www.thorlabs.de
Japan
Thorlabs Japan Inc.
Higashi Ikebukuro
Q Building 1st Floor 2-23-2
Toshima-ku, Tokyo 170-0013
Japan
Tel: +81-3-5979-8889
Fax: +81-3-5979-7285
www.thorlabs.jp
China
Thorlabs China
Oasis Middlering Centre
3 Building 712 Room
915 Zhen Bei Road
Shanghai
China
Tel: +86 (0)21-32513486
Fax: +86 (0)21-32513480
www.thorlabs.com
Brazil
Thorlabs Vendas de Fotnicos Ltda.
Rua Riachuelo, 171
So Carlos, SP 13560-110
Brazil
Tel: +55-16-3413 7062
Fax: +55-16-3413 7064
www.thorlabs.com
Email: [email protected]
76
Thorlabs Ltd.
Saint Thomas Place, Ely
Cambridgeshire CB7 4EX,
UK
Tel: +44 (0) 1353 654440
Fax: +44 (0) 1353 654444
www.thorlabs.com
Thorlabs Inc.
56 Sparta Ave
Newton, NJ07860
USA
Tel: +1 973 579 7227
Fax: +1 973 300 3600
www.thorlabs.com

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