Homework Chapter2

2/1 A storage tank holds methane at 120 K, with a quality of 25 %, and it warms up by 5C per hour
due to a failure in the refrigeration system. How long time will it take before the methane becomes
single phase and what is the pressure then?

2/2 A 1 m
3
rigid tank has propane at 100 kPa, 300 K and connected by a valve to another tank of 0.5
m
3
with propane at 250 kPa, 400 K. The valve is opened and the two tanks come to a uniform
state at 325 K. What is the final pressure?

2/3 Argon is kept in a rigid 5 m
3
tank at 30C, 3 MPa. Determine the mass using the compressibility
factor. What is the error (%) if the ideal gas model is used?


Homework Chapter3

3/1 Saturated water vapor at 200 kPa is in a constant pressure piston cylinder. At this state the piston
is 0.1 m from the cylinder bottom and cylinder area is 0.25 m
2
. The temperature is then changed to
200
o
C. Find the work in the process.

3/2 A piston cylinder has 1.5 kg of air at 300 K and 150 kPa. It is now heated up in a two step
process. First constant volume to 1000 K (state 2) then followed by a constant pressure process to
1500 K, state 3. Find the final volume and the work in the process.

3/3 A cylinder having a piston restrained by a linear spring (of spring constant 15 kN/m) contains 0.5
kg of saturated vapor water at 120C, as shown in the figure below. Heat is transferred to the
water, causing the piston to rise. If the piston cross-sectional area is 0.05 m
2
, and the pressure
varies linearly with volume until a final pressure of 500 kPa is reached. Find the final temperature
in the cylinder and the heat transfer for the process.



3/4 A 25 kg steel tank initially at 10
o
C is filled up with 100 kg of milk (assume properties as water) at
30
o
C. The milk and the steel come to a uniform temperature of 5
o
C in a storage room. How much
heat transfer is needed for this process?

3/5 A piston/cylinder has 0.5 kg air at 2000 kPa, 1000 K, as shown in the figure. The cylinder has
stops so V
min
= 0.03 m
3
. The air now cools to 400 K by heat transfer to the ambient. Find the final
volume and pressure of the air (does it hit the stops?) and the work and heat transfer in the
process.




Homework Chapter4

4/1 A compressor brings R-134a from 150 kPa, 10
o
C to 1200 kPa, 50
o
C. It is water cooled with a
heat loss estimated as 40 kW and the shaft work input is measured to be 150 kW. How much is
the mass flow rate through the compressor?

4/2 A heat exchanger, shown in the figure below, is used to cool an air flow from 800 K to 360 K, both
states at 1 MPa. The coolant is a water flow at 15C, 0.1 MPa. If the water leaves as saturated
vapor, find the ratio of the mass flow rate of water to the mass flow rate of air.



4/3 A 1-m
3
tank contains ammonia at 150 kPa, 25C. The tank is attached to a line flowing ammonia at
1200 kPa, 60C. The valve is opened, and mass flows in until the tank is half full of liquid, by
volume at 25C. Calculate the heat transferred from the tank during this process.

Homework Chapter5

5/1 A car engine burns 5 kg fuel (equivalent to addition of Q
H
) at 1500 K and rejects energy to the
radiator and the exhaust at an average temperature of 750 K. If the fuel provides 40,000 kJ/kg
what is the maximum amount of work the engine can provide?

5/2 Calculate the amount of work input a refrigerator needs to make ice cubes out of a tray of 0.25 kg
liquid water at 10
o
C. Assume the refrigerator works in a Carnot cycle between 8
o
C and 35
o
C with
a motor-compressor of 750 W. How much time does it take if this is the only cooling load?


Homework Chapter6

6/1 A cylinder containing R-134a at 10C, 150 kPa, has an initial volume of 20 L. A piston compresses
the R-134a in a reversible, isothermal process until it reaches the saturated vapor state. Calculate
the required work and heat transfer to accomplish this process.

6/2 A 12 kg steel container has 0.2 kg superheated water vapor at 1000 kPa, both at 200
o
C. The total
mass is now cooled to ambient temperature 30
o
C. How much heat transfer was taken out and what
is the steel-water entropy change?

6/3 A piston/cylinder setup contains air at 100 kPa, 400 K which is compressed to a final pressure of
1000 kPa. Consider two different processes (i) a reversible adiabatic process and (ii) a reversible
isothermal process. Show both processes in P-v and a T-s diagram. Find the final temperature and
the specific work for both processes.

6/4 Ammonia is contained in a rigid sealed tank unknown quality at 0
o
C. When heated in boiling water
to 100
o
C its pressure reaches 1200 kPa. Find the initial quality, the heat transfer to the ammonia
and the total entropy generation.

Homework Chapter7

7/1 A compressor receives air at 290 K, 100 kPa and a shaft work of 5.5 kW from a gasoline engine. It
should deliver a mass flow rate of 0.01 kg/s air to a pipeline. Find the maximum possible exit
pressure of the compressor.

7/2 A mixing chamber receives 5 kg/min ammonia as saturated liquid at 20C from one line and
ammonia at 40C, 250 kPa from another line through a valve. The chamber also receives 325
kJ/min energy as heat transferred from a 40C reservoir. This should produce saturated ammonia
vapor at 20C in the exit line. What is the mass flow rate in the second line and what is the total
entropy generation in the process?

7/3 A turbine receives air at 1500 K, 1000 kPa and expands it to 100 kPa. The turbine has an
isentropic efficiency of 85%. Find the actual turbine exit air temperature and the specific entropy
increase in the actual turbine.


Homework Chapter9

9/1 A steam power plant operating in an ideal Rankine cycle has a high pressure of 5 MPa and a low
pressure of 15 kPa. The turbine exhaust state should have a quality of at least 95% and the
turbine power generated should be 7.5 MW. Find the necessary boiler exit temperature and the
total mass flow rate.

9/2 Consider an ideal steam reheat cycle where steam enters the high-pressure turbine at 3.0 MPa,
400C, and then expands to 0.8 MPa. It is then reheated to 400C and expands to 10 kPa in the
low-pressure turbine. Calculate the cycle thermal efficiency and the moisture content of the steam
leaving the low-pressure turbine.

9/3 A heat pump for heat upgrade uses ammonia with a low temperature of 25
o
C and a high pressure
of 5000 kPa. If it receives 1 MW of shaft work what is the rate of heat transfer at the high
temperature?


Homework Chapter10

10/1 In a Brayton cycle the inlet is at 300 K, 100 kPa and the combustion adds 670 kJ/kg. The
maximum temperature is 1200 K due to material considerations. Find the maximum permissible
compression ratio and for that the cycle efficiency using cold air properties.

10/2 Consider an ideal air-standard Brayton cycle with an ideal regenerator in which the air into the
compressor is at 100 kPa, 20C, and the pressure ratio across the compressor is 12:1. The
maximum temperature in the cycle is 1100C, and the air flow rate is 10 kg/s. Assume constant
specific heat for the air, value from Table A.5. Determine the compressor work, the turbine work,
and the thermal efficiency of the cycle.

10/3 A 4 stroke gasoline 4.2 L engine running at 2000 RPM has inlet state of 85 kPa, 280 K and after
combustion it is 2000 K and the highest pressure is 5 MPa. Find the compression ratio, the cycle
efficiency and the exhaust temperature.

10/4 A diesel engine has a compression ratio of 20:1 with an inlet of 95 kPa, 290 K, state 1, with
volume 0.5 L. The maximum cycle temperature is 1800 K. Find the maximum pressure, the net
specific work and the thermal efficiency.