ISSN(Online): 2320-9801

ISSN (Print): 2320-9798

Copyright to IJIRCCE w w w .i j irc ce .c o m 139
013
InternationalJournalofInnovativeResearchinComputer
andCommunicationEngineering
(An ISO 3297: 2007 Certified Organization)
Vol. 1, Issue 6, August 2013
Microcontroller based Ato!atic "ater le#el
$ontrol S%ste!
Ejiofor Virginia Ebere (Ph!
1
" #$a%ipo #nao$apo &ranci'ca (Ph!
(
)ect*rer" epartment of Comp*ter +cience" ,nam%i -.i/iwe 0ni1er'ity" -w/a" ,igeria
1" (
-2+3R-C34 5ater 'carcity i' one of the major prob$em' facing major citie' of the wor$% an% wa'tage %*ring tran'mi''ion ha' been
i%entifie% a' a major c*$prit6 thi' i' one of the moti1ation' for thi' re'earch" to %ep$oy comp*ting techni7*e' in creating a barrier to
wa'tage in or%er to not on$y pro1i%e more financia$ gain' an% energy 'a1ing" b*t a$'o he$p the en1ironment an% water cyc$e which in
t*rn en'*re' that we 'a1e water for o*r f*t*re. 5e pre'ente% o*r re'earch in embe%%ing a contro$ 'y'tem into an a*tomatic wat
er p*mp contro$$er thro*gh the *'e of %ifferent techno$ogie' in it' %e'ign" %e1e$opment" an% imp$ementation. 3he 'y'tem
*'e% microcontro$$er to a*tomate the proce'' of water p*mping in an o1er8hea% tan/ 'torage 'y'tem an% ha' the abi$ity to %etect the
$e1e$ of water in a tan/" 'witch on9off the p*mp accor%ing$y an% %i'p$ay the 'tat*' on an )C 'creen. 3hi' re'earch ha' '*cce''f*$$y
pro1i%e% an impro1ement on e:i'ting water $e1e$ contro$$er' by it' *'e of ca$ibrate% circ*it to in%icate the water $e1e$ an% *'e of C
in'tea% of -C power thereby e$iminating ri'/ of e$ectroc*tion.
&e%'ords4 microcontro$$er" con%*cti1ity" water p*mp" a''emb$y $ang*age" comp*ter 'im*$ation" wa'te
I. IN()O*+$(ION
P*mp' are e''entia$ in the water '*pp$y fie$%" woo%en p*mp' e:i'te% in the 1;00' an% the'e were *'e% to empty the
bi$ge' of 'hip'. 3hey were ma%e from bore% $og' with woo%en pi'ton' to create '*ction. <eta$ pi'ton type p*mp'"
%ri1en by 'team" were %e1e$ope% in the ear$y to mi%81=00' b*t it wa' not *nti$ the a%1ent of e$ectrica$$y %ri1en p*mp'
that water 'y'tem e:pan'ion became fea'ib$e on a $arge 'ca$e. )ayne 2ow$er %e1e$ope% the fir't 1ertica$ t*rbine water
p*mp' in 1=9> an% Jac*..i %e1e$ope% the fir't '*bmer'ib$e p*mp' in the 19(0'. 3he'e man*fact*ring %e1e$opment'
pro1i%e% the har%ware to a$$ow the e'tab$i'hment of many ,ew ?amp'hire p*b$ic water 'y'tem' in the 1ery $ate 1=00'
(?ic/' et a$." 19;1!.
-*tomatic water p*mp contro$$er i' a 'erie' of f*nction' to contro$ the -*tomatic 5ater P*mp Contro$$er Circ*it in
a re'er1oir or water 'torage. 3he water $e1e$ 'en'or i' ma%e with a meta$ p$ate mo*nte% on the re'er1oir or water tan/"
with a 'en'or in the 'hort to create the top $e1e$ an% a %etection 'en'or for %etecting $ong again ma%e for the $ower $e1e$
an% gro*n% $ine' connecte% to the bottom of re'er1oir' or re'er1oir.
In e1ery%ay $ife" there m*'t be 'ome phy'ica$ e$ement' that nee% to be contro$$e% in or%er for them to perform their
e:pecte% beha1io*r'. - contro$ 'y'tem therefore can be %efine% a' a %e1ice" or 'et of %e1ice'" that manage'"
comman%'" %irect' or reg*$ate' the beha1io*r of other %e1ice('! or 'y'tem('!. Con'e7*ent$y" a*tomatic contro$$ing
in1o$1e' %e'igning a contro$ 'y'tem to f*nction with minima$ or no h*man interference. Inte$$igent 'y'tem' are being
*'e% in a wi%e range of fie$%' inc$*%ing from me%ica$ 'cience' to financia$ 'cience'" e%*cation" $aw" an% 'o on.
+e1era$ of them are embe%%e% in the %e'ign of e1ery%ay %e1ice'.
3hi' paper aime% at pre'enting o*r project in embe%%ing a contro$ 'y'tem into an a*tomatic water p*mp contro$$er.
#ne of the moti1ation' for thi' re'earch wa' the nee% to bring a 'o$*tion to the prob$em of water 'hortage in 1ario*'
p$ace' e$iminating the major c*$prit6 wa'te of water %*ring p*mping an% %i'pen'ing into o1erhea% than/'. 5e be$ie1e
that creating a barrier to wa'tage wi$$ not on$y pro1i%e more financia$ gain' an% energy 'a1ing" b*t wi$$ a$'o he$p the
en1ironment an% water cyc$e which in t*rn en'*re' that we 'a1e water for o*r f*t*re.
II. ),-A(,* "O)&S
@ha$e% Re.a e$ a$." ((010! intro%*ce% the notion of water $e1e$ monitoring an% management within the conte:t of
e$ectrica$ con%*cti1ity of the water. 3he a*thor' moti1ate% by the techno$ogica$ affor%ance' of mobi$e %e1ice' an% the
be$ie1e that water $e1e$ management approach wo*$% he$p in re%*cing the home power con'*mption an% a' we$$ a'
water o1erf$ow6 in1e'tigate% the microcontro$$er ba'e% water $e1e$ 'en'ing an% contro$$ing in a wire% an% wire$e''
en1ironment. 3he re'earch re'*$t wa' a f$e:ib$e" economica$ an% ea'y config*rab$e 'y'tem %e'igne% on a $ow co't
PIC1A&=>- microcontro$$er an% fina$$y" propo'e% a web an% ce$$*$ar ba'e% monitoring 'er1ice protoco$ to %etermine
an% 'en'e' water $e1e$ g$oba$$y.
InternationalJournalofInnovativeResearchinComputer
andCommunicationEngineering
(An ISO 3297: 2007 Certified Organization)
Vol. 1, Issue 6, August 2013
- contro$$er ba'e% a*tomatic p$ant irrigation 'y'tem wa' %e'igne% by B*nt*ri ((013!. 3he main aim of the re'earch
wa' i' to pro1i%e a*tomatic irrigation to the p$ant' with a 'y'tem that operate' with $e'' manpower. 3hi' in t*rn he$p'
to 'a1e f*n%' an% water. 3he re'earcher programme% the =0C1 microcontro$$er a' gi1ing the interr*pt 'igna$ to the
'prin/$er" an% thi' wa' *'e% to contro$ the entire 'y'tem. 3emperat*re 'en'or an% h*mi%ity 'en'or were connecte% to
interna$ port' of the microcontro$$er 1ia a comparator" an% whene1er there i' a change in temperat*re an% h*mi%ity of
the '*rro*n%ing' the'e 'en'or' 'en'e' the change in temperat*re an% h*mi%ity an% gi1e' an interr*pt 'igna$ to the
micro8contro$$er an% th*' the 'prin/$er i' acti1ate%.
It wa' the po'ition of a paper by ?o%g'on an% 5a$ter (! that ba'e% on rea$ wor$% 'y'tem' a' the benchmar/" *'ing
optimi.ation 'oftware in p$ace of tra%itiona$ %e'ign techni7*e' re'*$t' in 'ignificant co't 'a1ing' for both fir't co't an%
)CC. 3he re'earcher' %i'c*''e% the potentia$' of mo%ern optimi.ation techno$ogy to the p*mping in%*'try an%
pre'ente% e:amp$e' of co't8'a1ing %e'ign e:perience'.
Rojiha ((013! ana$y'e% thi' e:i'ting oi$8p*mping 'y'tem an% %i'co1ere% that they ha1e a high power8con'*ming
proce'' an% nee%' more man*a$ power. ?e then propo'e% a 'en'or networ/ ba'e% inte$$igent contro$ 'y'tem for power
economy an% efficient oi$ we$$ hea$th monitoring. +e1era$ ba'ic 'en'or' were *'e% for oi$ we$$ %ata 'en'ing" an% the
'en'e% %ata wa' gi1en to the contro$$er which proce''e% the oi$ we$$' %ata an% it wa' gi1en to the oi$ p*mp contro$ *nit
which contro$' the proce'' accor%ing$y. If any abnorma$ity i' %etecte% then the maintenance manager i' notifie%
thro*gh an 'm' 1ia the B+<. 3hi' 'y'tem a$$owe% oi$ we$$' tobe monitore% an% contro$$e% from remote p$ace'.n ea'y
way to comp$y with the conference paper formatting re7*irement' i' to *'e thi' %oc*ment a' a temp$ate an% 'imp$y
type yo*r te:t into it.
III. MA(,)IA-S AN* M,(.O*S
In thi' wor/" the a*tomatic water $e1e$ monitor here pre'ente% con'i't' of the fo$$owing major *nit'4 'en'or'"
comparator circ*it" microcontro$$er" %i'p$ay *nit" an% the p*mp an% the core wor/ of %etecting the $e1e$ of water i'
%one by the comparator. 3he %iagram be$ow %e'cribe' the f$ow of operation' in the 'y'tem a' we$$ a' their inter
8operabi$ity (&ig.1!.
&rom o1erhea%
tan/
Re'er1oir
+en'or'
Comparator
circ*it
-3=9CC(
<icrocontro$$er
i'p$ay *nit
()C!
P*mp
&ig.1. 2$oc/ iagram of the operation' of the 'y'tem
3a/ing a%1antage of the e$ectrica$ con%*cti1ity property of water" we *'e% the copper con%*ctor' a' the water $e1e$
'en'or. 5hen water to*che' the copper 'en'or po'itione% at a partic*$ar $e1e$ in the tan/" 1o$tage i' tran'ferre% to the
copper which in t*rn i' tran'ferre% to the comparator circ*it for f*rther proce''ing. 3he )<3(> comparator wa' *'e% to
compare the inp*t' from the e$ectro%e' in the tan/ an% with a pre8'et re'i'tance an% o*tp*t a ?IB? or a )#5 with
re'pect to the re'*$t from the compari'on. 3hi' ?IB? or )#5 wa' fe% into the microcontro$$er which in t*rn *'e' thi'
to contro$ the water p*mp an% %i'p$ay the appropriate 'tat*' on an )C 'creen. 3he programmab$e -tme$ =9CC(
microcontro$$er wa' programme% in -''emb$y )ang*age an% wa' *'e% a' the proce''or to contro$ the f*nctiona$itie' of
the entire 'y'tem. - )i7*i% Cry'ta$ i'p$ay ()C! 'er1e% a' the o*tp*t *nit which 'howe% the 'tat*' of the 'y'tem on a
'creen.
Re$ay' were *'e% in b*i$%ing a 'witching *nit that 'imp$y trigger' the p*mp on or off" %epen%ing on the 'igna$
recei1e% from the microcontro$$er. &o*r I9# port' were *'e% an% they ha1e the connection to the microcontro$$er a'
i$$*'trate% be$ow (&ig.(!.
InternationalJournalofInnovativeResearchinComputer
andCommunicationEngineering
(An ISO 3297: 2007 Certified Organization)
Vol. 1, Issue 6, August 2013
P#R3 1
U1
19
XT AL1
18
XT AL2
9
RST
29
PSEN
30
ALE
31
EA
1
P1.0/T2
2
P1.1/T 2EX
3
P1.2
4
P1.3
5
P1.4
6
P1.5
7
P1.6
8
P1.7
P0.0/AD0
39
P0.1/AD1
38
P0.2/AD2
37
P0.3/AD3
36
P0.4/AD4
35
P0.5/AD5
34
P0.6/AD6
33
P0.7/AD7
32
P2.0/A8
21
P2.1/A9
22
P2.2/A10
23
P2.3/A11
24
P2.4/A12
25
P2.5/A13
26
P2.6/A14
27
P2.7/A15
28
P3.0/RXD
10
P3.1/T XD
11
P3.2/INT0
12
P3.3/INT1
13
P3.4/T0
14
P3.5/T1
15
P3.6/WR
16
P3.7/RD
17
P#R3 0
P#R3 (
P#R3 3
AT 89C52
&ig (. I9# Port Pin an% microcontro$$er connection %iagram
Each of the fo*r I9# pin' i' an =8bit port an% a$$ *pon re'et were config*re% a' o*tp*t an% ha% to be programme% in
or%er to wor/ a' inp*t port'.
In or%er to '*cce''f*$$y con'tr*ct the har%ware prototype" 'ome other har%ware %e1ice' were *'e%. 3he'e inc$*%e"
two p$a'tic container' to repre'ent water 'o*rce an% %e'tination' re'pecti1e$y" power '*pp$y *nit" con'tr*cte% *'ing a
(>091(18tran'former" bri%ge rectifier" capacitor" an% 1o$tage reg*$ator. 3he -$ternating C*rrent (-C! 1o$tage '*pp$ie%
by the Energy i'trib*tion Company in ,igeria" the P?C, wa' 'teppe% %own an% then con1erte% to the C $e1e$
re7*ire% by the %e1ice.
3he 'pecific 'oftware too$ %ep$oye% for the 1irt*a$ %e'ign an% the imp$ementation of the %e1ice i' the Prote*'
'im*$ation 'oftware. 3he 'oftware ha' two en1ironment'6 the I+I+ an% the -RE+ en1ironment'. 5e *'e% the I+I+
en1ironment for the circ*it %e'ign an% in'tea% of imp$ementing the printing of the circ*it boar% (PC2! in the -RE+" we
*'e% a Vero boar% for o*r har%ware imp$ementation.
IV. ),S+-(S AN* *IS$+SSION
In thi' wor/" the microcontro$$er for the a*tomatic water $e1e$ monitor with fee%bac/" ha1ing pa''e% the nece''ary
te't' with the other component' interface% to it" i' hereby pre'ente%. 5ith thi' imp$emente% 'y'tem" it i' po''ib$e to
monitor the water $e1e$ in an o1er8hea% tan/" 'witch on the water p*mp when the tan/ i' empty an% 'witch off the
'ame p*mp when the tan/ i' f*$$ witho*t any nee% for h*man inter1ention. 2y 'o %oing" the inci%ence of water
wa'tage i' e$iminate% an% abr*pt c*t8off of water '*pp$y i' e7*a$$y a$'o e$iminate%.
-' a$rea%y high$ighte% in the pre1io*' 'ection'" the microcontro$$er i' the heart of thi' project wor/" a' a$$ the contro$
'igna$' pa'' thro*gh an% are proce''e% by the microcontro$$er. 3he )C wa' interface% to the microcontro$$er in or%er
to %i'p$ay the 'tat*' of the 'y'tem a' it operate'. 3he )C %ata port i' connecte% to the port ( of the microcontro$$er
(&ig.3! an% thro*gh thi' port the microcontro$$er i' ab$e to 'en% information or in'tr*ction co%e' to the )C an%
e7*a$$y rea% the content' of the )CD' interna$ regi'ter'. 3he microcontro$$er then proce''e' the %ata recei1e% an%
*'e' it to contro$ the p*mp ba'e% on the written f$ow or contro$ a$gorithm 'tore% in it' R#<.
3he 'im*$ate% 'oftware a$gorithm began with f$ow8chart (&ig.>! an% fina$$y the a''emb$y $ang*age program" which
i' con1erte% to it' machine co%e (?EE fi$e! an% written to the microcontro$$erD' interna$ R#< for the appropriate
contro$$ing of the %e1ice. 3he 'chematic %iagram of the %e1ice i' 'hown in fig. C an% the re'*$t from the Prote*'
a''emb$er 'im*$ation i' a' i' 'een in &ig.A.
InternationalJournalofInnovativeResearchinComputer
andCommunicationEngineering
(An ISO 3297: 2007 Certified Organization)
Vol. 1, Issue 6, August 2013
&ig.3. 3he )C Interface% to the -t=9CC(
S(A)(
INI(IA-I/,
NO
IS (AN&
,MP(01
0,S
S"I($. ON P+MP
*ISP-A0 (AN&
,MP(0 ON -$*
"A(,) P+MPIN2
*ISP-A0 P+MP
ON3 ON -$*
NO
"A(,) A(
-,4,- 11
0,S *ISP-A0 -,4,- 1
ON -$*
NO
"A(,) A(
-,4,- 81
0,S
*ISP-A0 -,4,- 8
ON -$*
P+MP O55
&ig.>. &$ow Chart of the -*tomatic 5ater )e1e$ <onitor with &ee%bac/
InternationalJournalofInnovativeResearchinComputer
andCommunicationEngineering
(An ISO 3297: 2007 Certified Organization)
Vol. 1, Issue 6, August 2013
3he written program wa' $oa%e% into a 1irt*a$ microcontro$$er an% then 'im*$ate%. 3he o*tp*t of the 'im*$ation
(&ig.A! wa' fo$$owe% by the har%ware imp$ementation (&ig.;!.
&ig.C. +chematic iagram of the -*tomatic 5ater )e1e$ <onitor with &ee%bac/
-fter con'tr*ction" te't' were carrie% o*t to en'*re that the %e1ice i' f*nctioning accor%ing to the %e'ign
'pecification'. -fter a '*cce''f*$ te'ting" the prototype %e'ign of the a*tomatic water $e1e$ monitor with fee%bac/ wa'
%e'igne%. -$$ the '*b8circ*it' were combine% together with the microcontro$$er to obtain the mo%e$ of the %e'ign. 3he
fig*re C abo1e 'how' the circ*it connection' of a$$ the '*b8'ection' ma/ing *p the a*tomatic water $e1e$ monitor with
fee%bac/" with a$$ of them interface% with the =9CC( microcontro$$er.
3he imp$ementation of thi' wor/ came with 7*ite a n*mber of cha$$enge'. - $ot of the IC' were %amage% in the
co*r'e of 'o$%ering them on the Vero boar% an% we ha% to fina$$y *'e 'oc/et' to protect the $eg'. #pen circ*it a$'o
con'tit*te% a prob$em beca*'e 'ome of the wire' to be 'o$%ere% %i% not ma/e proper contact with the Vero boar%.
InternationalJournalofInnovativeResearchinComputer
andCommunicationEngineering
(An ISO 3297: 2007 Certified Organization)
Vol. 1, Issue 6, August 2013
&ig.A. +y'tem 'im*$ation re'*$t
InternationalJournalofInnovativeResearchinComputer
andCommunicationEngineering
(An ISO 3297: 2007 Certified Organization)
Vol. 1, Issue 6, August 2013
&ig.;. ?ar%ware Prototype of the a*tomatic water $e1e$ contro$$er
V. S+MMA)0 AN* $ON$-+SION
-*tomatic water p*mp contro$ 'y'tem emp$oy' the *'e of %ifferent techno$ogie' in it' %e'ign" %e1e$opment" an%
imp$ementation. 3he 'y'tem *'e% microcontro$$er to a*tomate the proce'' of water p*mping in an o1er8hea% tan/
'torage 'y'tem an% ha' the abi$ity to %etect the $e1e$ of water in a tan/" 'witch on9off the p*mp accor%ing$y an% %i'p$ay
the 'tat*' on an )C 'creen. 3hi' re'earch ha' '*cce''f*$$y pro1i%e% an impro1ement on e:i'ting water $e1e$
contro$$er' by it' *'e of ca$ibrate% circ*it to in%icate the water $e1e$ an% *'e of C in'tea% of -C power thereby
e$iminating ri'/ of e$ectroc*tion.
),5,),N$,S
1. -3=9CC( ata'heet6 -tme$ Corporation. <o%ifie% <ay" (000. w w w .mic ro c h i p .c o m .
(. ?ic/'" &." 3y$er" B.6 F E%war%'" 3.5. (19;1!" GP*mp -pp$ication EngineeringD. <cBraw8?i$$ 2oo/ Company" ,ew Hor/.
3. @ha$e% Re.a" +.<." +hah -h'an*..aman <%. 3ari7" +.<. <oh'in Re.a ((010!" G<icrocontro$$er 2a'e% -*tomate% 5ater )e1e$ +en'ing
an% Contro$$ing4 e'ign an% Imp$ementation I''*eD. Procee%ing' of the 5or$% Congre'' on Engineering an% Comp*ter +cience" pp ((08
((>.
>. Ven/ata ,aga Rohit B*nt*ri ((013!" G<icro Contro$$er 2a'e% -*tomatic P$ant Irrigation +y'temD" Internationa$ Jo*rna$ of -%1ancement'
in Re'earch F 3echno$ogy" Vo$. (" I''. >" I++, ((;=8;;A3
C. J*%y ?o%g'on" 3rey 5a$ter'((00(!" G#ptimi.ing P*mping +y'tem' 3o <inimi.e &ir't #r )ife8Cyc$e Co'tD" Procee%ing' of the 19th
internationa$ p*mp *'er' 'ympo'i*m. Pp 18=.
A. Rojiha" C. ((013!" G+en'or ,etwor/ 2a'e% -*tomatic Contro$ +y'tem for #i$ P*mping 0nit <anagementD" Internationa$ Jo*rna$ of
+cientific an% Re'earch P*b$ication'" Vo$. 3" I''. 3. Pp 18>.
6IO2)AP.0
Virginia" E. Ejiofor i' a fac*$ty an% c*rrent hea% of epartment of Comp*ter +cience" ,nam%i -.i/iwe 0ni1er'ity" -w/a" ,igeri a. +he i' a &e$$ow
of the 2riti'h Comp*ter +ociety an% the Chairman" P*b$ication'" +tan%ar%'" Re'earch an% e1e$opment" ,igeria Comp*ter +ociety.
&ranci'ca" #. #$a%ipo i' c*rrent$y a fac*$ty in the epartment of Comp*ter +cience" ,nam%i -.i/iwe 0ni1er'ity" -w/a ,igeria. +he i' a <ember
of the 2riti'h Comp*ter +ociety an% the ,igeria Comp*ter +ociety.