XII Informatics Practices 2013 important questions with solution

1. Why do you use import statement in java programming? Explain with example.
Ans. The import statement in Java allows programmers to refer to classes which are declared in other
packages to be accessed without referring to the full package name. Import statement must be the first
line of the program. Import statement have 2 option for importing the classes from packages
a. single class from package by mentioning the class name specifically. Eg. import
javax.swing.jOptionPane;
b. entire class by using * (asterisk) symbol in place of class name. Eg. import javax.swing.*;
Classes from the java.lang package are automatically imported, so it is not require to explicitly
importing.
2. What will be the initial value of an object reference which is defined as an instance variable?
Ans. Each instance variable is initialized with a default value when it is created:
Type Initial / Default value Type Initial / Default value
byte 0(Zero of byte type) double 0.0D
short 0(Zero of byte type) char null character i.e., \u000
int 0 boolean false
long 0L All reference types null
float 0.0F
3. What is the purpose of if statement? Describe the different forms of if statements with example.
Ans. An if-statement tests a particular condition; if the condition evaluates to true, a statement or set of
statements is executed otherwise the statement or set of statements is not executed.
There are four different forms of if statements which are as following:
1. Simple if statement: Example:
if(ch== )
label1.setText(It is space character);
2. If-else statement: Example:
if(num>0)
label1.setText(number is positive);
else
label1.setText(number is negative or zero);
3. Nested if statement:
if(num>0)
{
if(num<100)
label1.setText(number is between 0 to 100);
}
else
label1.setText(number is not between 0 to 100);
4. How can you describe the life of a variable in an application?
Ans. We can describe the life of a variable in an application by following two different ways:
1. Local variable: The variable which is declared inside a method and is only accessible inside that
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method is called a local variable.
2. Global variable: If a variable is declare outside all methods, then its scope includes all the
methods and it is said to be a global variable.
5. What do you understand about inheritance? Write the advantage of inheritance.
Ans. Inheritance is a form of software reusability in which new classes are created from existing classes by
absorbing their attributes and behaviors.
Advantages:
Inheritance is capable of expressing the inheritance relationship of real world models. Men
inherit from person; woman inherits from person etc.
Inheritance facilitates the code reusability. Additional features can be added to a class by
deriving a class from it and then by adding new features to it. Class once written and tested
need not be re-written or re-defined.
Inheritance is capable of simulating the transitive nature of real worlds inheritance, which in turn saves
on modification time and efforts, if required.
6. Difference between if-else and switch-case.
Ans. if-else switch-case
If can evaluate a relational or logical expression
i.e., multiple conditions.
Switch can only test for equality.
The if-else constructions lets you use a series of
expressions that may involve unrelated variables
and complex expression.
The switch statement selects its branches by
testing the value of same variable.
The if-else statement can handle floating point
test also a part from handling integer and
character tests.
A switch cannot handle floating point tests. The
case labels of switch must be an integer byte,
short, int or a char.
7. Difference between while and do-while.
Ans. while do-while
While is an entry-controlled loop. do-while is a exit-controlled loop.
In while loop the test expression is evaluated at
the end of the loop i.e., after executing the loop
body.
In do-while loop the test expression is evaluated
at the beginning of the loop i.e., before executing
the loop body.
Syntax:
while(test-expression)
{
// statement
}
Syntax:
do
{
// statement
} while(test-expression);
8. What are the steps required to execute a query in JBDC?
Ans. 1. Import the packages required for database programming.
2. Register the JDBC Driver.
3. Open a connection.
4. Execute a query.
5. Extract data from result set.
6. Clean up the environment.
9. List the Advantages of JDBC.
Ans. Provide Existing Enterprise Data
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Simplified Enterprise Development
Zero Configuration for Network Computers
Full Access to Metadata
No Installation
Database Connection Identified by URL
10. Difference between JTextField and j PasswordField.
Ans. When we type text into a JTextField control, it shows the characters in the control, but in
JPasswordField control the typed characters are shown as astriks for security.
11. Differentiate between Java and NetBeans. What is IDE?
Ans. Java is both a programming language and a platform whereas NetBeans is a free, open source,
cross-paltform IDE with built in support for java programming language.
IDE: Integrated Devlopment Envirnment(IDE), its a software tool to help programmer to edit
source code, compile, interpreate and debug.
12. What is ByteCode. Explain JVM.
Ans. ByteCode: A bytecode is a byte-long instruction that the Java compiler generates and the Java
interpreater executes.
JVM: JVM(Java Virtual Machine) is a program which behaves as interpreter and translate bytecode into
machine languages as they go- called just-in-time compilation(JIT).
13. Differentiate between ODBC and JDBC driver.
Ans.
ODBC JDBC
odbc is open database connectivity. jdbc is java database connectivity.
OBDC is for Microsoft. JDBC is for Java applications.
ODBC mixes simple and advanced
features together and has complex
options for simple queries.
JDBC is designed to keep things simple
while allowing advanced capabilities
when required.
ODBC requires manual installation of the
ODBC driver manager and driver on all
client machines.
JDBC drivers are written in Java and JDBC
code is automatically installable, secure,
and portable on all platforms.
14. Differentiate between Call by Value and Call by Reference.
Ans. Call By Value Call by reference
Call by value is used to create a temporary copy
of the data which is transferred from the actual
parameter in the final parameter.
Call by reference is used to share the same
memory location for actual and formal
parameters
The changes done in the function in formal
parameter are not reflected back in the calling
environment.
The changes done in the function are reflected
back in the calling environment.
It does not use & sign It makes the use of the & sign as the reference
operator.
15. What are containers or container controls?
Ans. A containers are a controls that can hold other controls within it e.g., a Frame(there can be multiple
controls inside a frame) or a label(it can hold an image and/or text) or simply window (we can put so
many controls on it). Controls inside a container are known as child controls. The child controls can
exist completely inside their containers. That means we cans move them outside their container.
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When we delete a container control, all its child controls automatically get deleted.
16. What is a list? How is it different from combo box?
Ans. A List is a graphical control that displays a list of items in a box wherefrom the user can make
selections
Difference between List and ComboBox
List ComboBox
A list doesnt have a text field the user can
used to edit the selected item.
A combobox is a cross between a text field
and a list.
In a list, the user must select items directly
from the list.
In a combobox user can edit it if he/she
whishes.
The list doesnt drop down. A combobox takes less space initially but
drops down when user clicks on its arrow.
Lists allow us to select more than one item. Combobox allows only single item
selection.
17. What do you mean by life time of variable? How is a local variable different from other variable?
Ans. The lifetime of variable is the period during which it can be accessed.
A local variable is declared inside a method and is accessible only inside that method. In this
way local variable is different from other variable.
18. What is the purpose of default clause in a switch statement?
Ans. Default is used for the else situation. The default statement gets executed when no match is found.
19. While working in NetBeans, Raj included a Listbox in the form. Now she wants the list of her friend's
names to be displayed in it. Which property of Listbox control should she use to do this?
Ans. Modal property
20. What is constructor? How can you call access super class constructor from sub class.
Ans. Constructor: A member method with the same name as its class is called constructor and it is used to
initialize the objects of that class type with a legal initial value.
By using super keyword we can call access super class constructor from sub class.
21. Ms. Samhita has developed a Java application through which the students of her school can view
their marks by entering their admission number. The marks are displayed in various text fields. What
should she do so that the students are able to view but not change their marks in text fields?
Ans. By uncheck editable property of JTextField.
22. What is the purpose of break statement in a loop?
Ans. The break statement is used to break from an enclosing do, while, for, or switch statement. Break
breaks the loop without executing the rest of the statements in the block.
23. What is the use of super keyword?
Ans. The first use of keyword super is to access the hidden data variables of the super class hidden by
the subclass.
The second use of the keyword super in java is to call super class constructor in the subclass.
24. What are the 3 types of error found in program? Explain them briefly.
Ans. 1. Compile-Time Errors
Compile-time errors (syntax errors and semantics errors) refer to the errors that violate the
grammatical rules and regulations of a programming language.
2. Run-Time Errors
Run-time errors occur during the execution of a program.
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3. Logical Errors
Logical errors occur due to mistaken analysis of the problem.
25. What should be done so that only one of the radio buttons (Male and Female) can be selected at a
time?
Ans. We should use ButtonGroup component so that only one of the radio buttons (Male and Female) can
be selected at a time.
26. A phone number, consisting of 10 digits, is stored in a string variable strPhone. Now it is required to
store this phone number in a Long type variable lngPhone. Write a Java statement to do this.
Ans. String strPhone = "123456789";
long lngPhone = Long.parseLong(strPhone);
System.out.println(lngPhone);
27. Write a java method to fetch the data from the employee table and display it in jTable the method
already having Connection class object name con, Statement class Object name smt and ResultSet
class object rs with the following query
SELECT EMPNO, ENAME, JOB, SAL FROM EMP.
Ans. import java.sql.*;
import javax.swing.table.*;
import javax.swing.JOptionPane.*;
// button
private void jButton1ActionPerformed(java.awt.event.ActionEvent evt) {
// TODO add your handling code here:
DefaultTableModel model=(DefaultTableModel)jTable1.getModel();
int rows=model.getRowCount();
if(rows>0)
{
for(int i=0;i<rows;i++)
{
model.removeRow(0);
}
}
String query="select * from emp";
try
{
Class.forName("com.mysql.jdbc.Driver").newInstance();
Connection
con=(Connection)DriverManager.getConnection("jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/employee","root","");
Statement smt=con.createStatement();
ResultSet rs=smt.executeQuery(query);
while(rs.next())
{
String no=rs.getString("empno");
String name=rs.getString("ename");
String job1=rs.getString("job");
String salary=rs.getString("sal");
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System.out.println(no+"|"+name+"|"+job1+"|"+salary);
model.addRow(new Object[]{no,name,job1,salary});
}
}catch(Exception e)
{ }
}
28. What is abstract method? Write a Java code to demonstrate abstract method.
Ans. An abstract method is a method that is declared without an implementation (without braces, and
followed by a semicolon). If a class includes abstract methods, the class itself must be declared abstract
Example:
Public abstract class Shape
{
String name;
double area;
public abstract void display();
}
Class Circle extend shape
{
double radius;
double calcArea()
{
return 3.154 * radius * radius;
}
public void display()
{
System.out.println(radius= + radius);
System.out.println(area= + calcArea());
}
}
29. What is Package? Explain various built-in packages of Java.
Ans. Package: A package is a Java language element used to group related classes under a common name.
java.lang: Provides classes that are fundamental to the design of the Java programming
language. The most important classes are Object, which is the root of the class hierarchy, and
Class, instances of which represent classes at run time.
java.util: Contains the collections framework, legacy collection classes, event model, date and
time facilities, internationalization, and miscellaneous utility classes (a string tokenizer, a
random-number generator, and a bit array).
30. What is Interface? Write syntax of Interface and implementation of Interface.
Ans. Interface: Interface is similar to a class which may contain methods signature only but not bodies and it
is a formal set of method and constant declarations that must be defined by the class that implements
it.
Syntax of Interface:
interface interface_name {
Interface_body
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}
Syntax of implementation of Interface:
class class_name implements interface_1, interface_2,. {
Interface_body
}
31. Which method converts a string to an integer?
Ans. parseInt()method converts a string to an integer.
32. Write a method in Java that takes two integer arguments and returns power of it. Suppose x and y
passing as an argument then it returns x to power y after calculation.
Ans. int cal_power(int x, int y)
{
int x=Math.pow(x,y);
return(x);
}
33. Write a Method in Java to take a number as argument and print the product of its digit, as if a
number entered is 234 then the program gives o/p as 24.
Ans. import java.io.*;
public class JavaApplication6 {
public static void main(String[] args)
{
int n, r = 0;
int a=1;
try{
BufferedReader br=new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in));
System.out.println("Enter the number");
n=Integer.parseInt(br.readLine());
while( n != 0 )
{
r=n%10;
a=a*(r);
n=n/10;
}
System.out.println(" No is=\n "+a);
}catch(Exception e)
{}
}
}
34. Write the Java Code for Finding Prime No.
Ans. class prime
{
public static void main(String p[])
{
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int i,j,s=0,d=0;
for(i=1;i<100;i++)
{
s=0;
for(j=1;j<=i;j++)
{
if(i%j==0)
s=s+1;
}
if(s==2)
{
System.out.println(i);
d=d+1;
}
}
System.out.println("the no. of prime no. are = "+d);
}
}
35. Write the Java Code for Finding Palindrome Word.
import java.io.*;
class PaliString {
public static void main(String[] args)
{
try
{
BufferedReader br=new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in));
System.out.println("Enter the string");
String s=br.readLine();
int i;
int n=s.length();
String str="";
for(i=n-1;i>=0;i--)
str=str+s.charAt(i);
if(str.equals(s))
System.out.println(s+ "is palindrome");
else
System.out.println(s+ "is not a palindrome");
}
catch(Exception e)
{}
}
}
36. Write the Java Code for reverse a given digit.
Ans. import java.io.*;
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public class JavaApplication14
{
public static void main(String[] args)
{
int n, reverse = 0;
try{
BufferedReader br=new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in));
System.out.println("Enter the number");
n=Integer.parseInt(br.readLine());
while( n != 0 )
{
reverse = reverse * 10;
reverse = reverse + n%10;
n = n/10;
}
System.out.println("Reverce No is=\n "+reverse);
}catch(Exception e)
{}
}
}
37. Write the Java Code for Fibonacci Series.
Ans. import java.io.*;
class Fibonacci{
public static void main(String args[])
{
int n=10,first=0,second=1,next,c;
try{
BufferedReader br=new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in));
System.out.println("Enter the number of terms ");
n=Integer.parseInt(br.readLine());
System.out.println("First terms of fibonacci series are :-\n"+n);
for(c=0;c<n;c++)
{
if (c<=1)
next = c;
else
{
next = first + second;
first = second;
second = next;
}
System.out.println("\n"+next);
}
}catch(Exception e){}
}
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}
38. Write Factorial () function and pass an integer number as a argument and return a factorial of passed
number by using recursion method.
Ans. import java.io.*;
class Factorial
{
long fact(long a)
{
if(a <= 1)
return 1;
else
{
a= a*fact(a-1);
return a;
}
}
public static void main (String arr[])
{
try
{
System.out.println("Enter a number to find factorial");
BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in));
int num = Integer.parseInt( br.readLine());
Factorial f = new Factorial();
System.out.println(f.fact(num));
}catch(Exception e)
{}
}
}
39. Expand the following terms-
JDBC, API, GUI, JRE, JDK, JVM, IDE
Ans. JDBC: Java DataBase Connectivity
API: Application Programming Interface
GUI: Graphical User Interface
JRE: Java Runtime Environment
JDK: Java Development Kit
JVM: Java Virtual Machine
IDE: integrated development environment
40. Write the purpose of following method with proper example
a. getString()
b. substring()
c. length()
d. capacity()
e. round()
f. isSelected()
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g. getInstance()
h. setSize()
i. getSelectedValue()
j. executeUpdate()
k. getPassword()
l. getSelectedItem()
m. addItem()
n. append()
o. setVisible()
p. createStatement()
q. setEnabled()
r. setEitable()
Ans. a. getString() : getString() method is provided by ResultSet object and used for obtaining column
data for a row.
Example: String st=rs.getString(ABC);
b. substring(): this method is used to return a part or substring of the String used to invoke the
method. The first argument represents the starting location of the substring.
Example: String s=abcdefghi;
System.out.println(s.substring(5));
System.out.println(s.substring(5,8));
c. length(): This method count and return the number of characters contained in the string object.
Example: String str=Informatics Practices;
System.out.println(str.length());
d. capacity(): Returns the current capacity. The capacity is the amount of storage available for
newly inserted characters, beyond which an allocation will occur.
Example: String str=Informatics Practices;
System.out.println(str. capacity());
e. round() : Rounds to the nearest integer. So, if the value is more than half way towards the
higher integer, the value is rounded up to the next integer.
Example: Math.round(1.01);
f. isSelected(): This is a JCheckBox and JRadioButton method which return the state of the button.
True if the toggle button is selected, false if its not.
Example: if(JRadioButton1.isSelected()==true)
{
JLable1.setText(selected);
}
else
{
JLable1.setText( not selected);
}
g. getInstance(): This method is used to get the instance of a object.
Example: class abc
{
abc ab;
ab.getInstance();
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}
h. setSize(): setSize() is used for setting a size for JFrame.
Example: Jframe1.setSize(100,100);
i. getSelectedValue(): Returns the selected value when only a single item is selected in the list.
When multiple items are selected, it returns the first selected value. Returns null if there is no
selection.
Example: String dur=(String)jList1.getSelectedValue();
jLabel1.setText(dur);
j. executeUpdate(): Execute the given SQL statement, which may be an INSERT, UPDATE or
DELETE statement or SQL statement that returns nothing, such as SQL DDL statement.
Example: String sql=DELETE FROM Employees;
ResultSet rs=stmt. executeUpdate(sql);
k. getPassword():getPassword()method is used to obtain password from a password field.
Example: String ped=new String(pwdfld.getPassword());
l. getSelectedItem(): Returns the selected item.
Example: String dur=(String)jComboBox1.getSelectedItem();
jLabel1.setText(dur);
m. addItem(): Adds an item to the item list, in the end, of the combo box.
Example: citycb.addItem(ABC);
n. append(): Adds the specified text to the end of the text area.
Example: jTextArea1.append("ABC");
o. setVisible(): Makes the check box visible if true is passed otherwise hides the check box.
Example: jchackBox1.setVisible(true);
p. createStatement(): Creates a SQL statement object for building and submitting an SQL
statement to the database.
Example: Statement stmt = con.createStatement( );
q. setEnabled(): Enables the check box if true is passed otherwise disable the check box.
Example: jchackBox1.setEnabled(true);
r. setEditable(): Sets whether the user can edit the text in the Text Field. Default is true.
Example: NameTF.setEditable(True);
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