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Quadratic Functions

This document provides information about quadratic functions and how to graph them. It discusses key characteristics of quadratic graphs like the vertex, axis of symmetry, and direction of opening. It provides examples of graphing quadratic functions by determining these characteristics and making a table of values. It also analyzes how changes to the a, h, and c values in the function f(x) = a(x-h)^2 + c affect the graph, such as making it wider or narrower or translating it up or down. Students are given practice problems to graph quadratic functions and analyze effects of changes to the parameters.

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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
48 views

Quadratic Functions

This document provides information about quadratic functions and how to graph them. It discusses key characteristics of quadratic graphs like the vertex, axis of symmetry, and direction of opening. It provides examples of graphing quadratic functions by determining these characteristics and making a table of values. It also analyzes how changes to the a, h, and c values in the function f(x) = a(x-h)^2 + c affect the graph, such as making it wider or narrower or translating it up or down. Students are given practice problems to graph quadratic functions and analyze effects of changes to the parameters.

Uploaded by

Asi Sia
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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(Effective Alternative Secondary Education)

MATHEMATICS IV

Module 2
Quadratic Functions

BUREAU OF SECONDARY EDUCATION
Department of Education
DepEd Complex, eralco A!enue,"a#i$ Cit%
Module 2
Quadratic Functions
What this module is about
This module is about Quadratic unctions! As you "o over the e#ercises$
you %ill develo& s'ills in s'etchin" the "ra&h and analy(in" the effects on its
"ra&h and ability to a&&ly this in solvin" &roblems! Treat the lesson %ith fun and
ta'e time to "o bac' if you thin' you are at a loss!
What you are expected to learn
This module is desi"ned for you to)
*! +ra% the "ra&h of a ,uadratic function usin" the
verte#$
a#is of symmetry$
direction of the o&enin" of the "ra&h$ and
"iven &oints!
-! Analy(e the effects on the "ra&h of the chan"es in a$ h$ and ' in
f(#) . a(#/h)
-
0 '!
How much do you know
A! Tell the direction of the o&enin" of the "ra&h of the follo%in" functions!
*! y . /-#
-
0 1
-! y . #
-
2 3
3! y . 3#
-
2 4# 0 -
5! S'etch the "ra&h of the follo%in" functions!
6! y . /-#
-
0 6# 2 3
1! y . #
-
2 6# 0 -
C! 7sin" f(#) . #
-
as the reference "ra&h$ %hich "ra&h o&ens %ider8narro%er!
&
9! y . 3#
-
0 -
y . * #
-
2 1
3
:! y . /6#
-
26
y . /* #
-
0 -
6
+! ;hich "ra&hs translate to the ri"ht or to the left of the ori"in<
=! f(#) . (# 0 3)
-
4! f(#) . 3(# 26)
-
*>! f(#) . /(# 2-)
-
**! y . -(# 0 -)
-
E! ;hich "ra&hs translate u&%ard or do%n%ard considerin" f(#) . #
-
as the
reference "ra&h!
*-! f(#) . #
-
2 6
*3! f(#) . 3#
-
0 *
*6! f(#) . /-(# 23)
-
0 3
*1! y . (# 0 -)
-
/ -
What you will do
?esson *
@ra&h of Quadratic unction
The "ra&h of a ,uadratic function is a &arabola! Aou can "ra&h usin" your
&revious 'no%led"e about the characteristics of the "ra&h of a ,uadratic function
such as verte#$ a#is of symmetry and the direction of the o&enin"!
Ste&s in "ra&hin" ,uadratic functions)
*! find the coordinates of the verte#
-! determine the a#is of symmetry
3! determine the direction of the o&enin" of the "ra&h
'
() ma'e a table of values (choose symmetric values %ith res&ect to the
value of h)
Examples: Construct a table of values and "ra&h the follo%in" functions)
*! f(#) . (# 0 *)
-
2 -
Verte# . (/*$ /-)
A#is of symmetry) # . /*
+irection of o&enin") u&%ard

Table of values
# (# 0 *)
-
/ - f(#)
* (* 0 *)
-
/ - -
> (> 0 *)
-
/ - /*
/* (/* 0 *)
-
/ - /-
/- (/-0 *)
-
/ - /*
/3 (/3 0 *)
-
/ - -
- f(#) . /(# 2 -)
&
0 3
verte# . (-$ 3)
a#is of symmetry) # . -
direction of o&enin") +o%n%ard

Table of values
# /(# 2 -)
-
0 3 f(#)
6 /(6 2 -)
-
03 /*
3 /(3 2 -)
-
03 /-
- /(- 2 -)
-
03 3
* /(* 2 -)
-
03 -
> /(> / -)
-
03 /*
Try this out
+ra% the "ra&h of each of the follo%in" functions by follo%in" the ste&s
mentioned in the "iven e#am&les!

*! f(#) . (# 0 -)
-
2 3
Verte#) BBBBBBBB
(
A#is of symmetry) BBBBBBBBB
+irection of o&enin") BBBBBBBBB
Table of values
# (# 0 -)
-
/ 3 f(#)
>
/*
/-
/3
/6
-! f(#) . /(# 2-)
-
0 6
verte#) BBBBBBBB
A#is of symmetry) BBBBBBBB
+irection of o&enin") BBBBBBBB
Table of values
# /(# / -)
-
0 6 f(#)
3
-
*
>
/*
3! f(#) . 3(# 0 *)
-
0 3
verte#)) BBBBBBBB
A#is of symmetry) BBBBBBBBB
+irection of the o&enin") BBBBBB
Table of values
# 3(# 0 *)
-
0 3 f(#)
3
-
*
>
/*
*
6! f(#) . (# / *)
-
0 3
verte#) BBBBBBBBB
A#is of symmetry) BBBBBBBBB
+irection of o&enin") BBBBBBBBBB
Table of values
# (# / *)
-
0 3 f(#)
3
-
*
>
/*
1! f(#) . *83(# 2 *)
-
0 -
verte# ) BBBBBBBB
A#is of symmetry) BBBBBBBBB
+irection of o&enin") BBBBBBBBB
Table of values
# *83(# / *)
-
0 - f(#)
3
-
*
>
/*
?esson -
Analy(e the Effect of the Chan"es in a on the
@ra&h of the unction f(#) . a#
-

The value of a in f(#) . a#
-
has an effect on the "ra&h of a ,uadratic
function! It determines the %idth of the &arabola %ith res&ect to the a#is of
symmetry! If > C a C *$ the "ra&h is %ider and tends to flatten out! If a D *$ the
"ra&h is narro%er and stee&er!
Consider the follo%in" functions and f(#) . #
-
as reference function!
+
*! y . -#
-
Verte#) (>$>)
A#is of symmetry) # . >
E&enin" of "ra&h) 7&%ard
y . -#
-
y . #
-
y . F #
-
-! f(#) . *8-#
-

verte#) (>$>)
A#is of symmetry) # . >
E&enin" of the "ra&h)
7&%ard
Table of values
# F(#)
-
f(#)
- F(-)
-
-
* F(*)
-
F
> F(>)
-
>
/* F(/*)
-
F
/- F(/-)
-
-
Aou %ill notice that the "ra&h of f(#) . -#
-
is narro%er com&ared to the
"ra&h of f(#) . #
-
! ;hile$ the "ra&h of f(#) . F#
-
is %ider com&ared to the "ra&h
of f(#) . #
-
!
Try this out
or each set of functions$ tell %hich "ra&h is narro%er or %ider!
*! f(#) . -#
-
f(#) . 3#
-
-! f(#) . /* #
-
-
f(#) . /-#
-
3! f(#) . 6#
-
Table of values
# -#
-
f(#)
- -(-)
-
=
* -(*)
-
-
> -(>)
-
>
/* -(/*)
-
-
/- -(/-)
-
=
,
f(#) . * #
-
6
6! f(#) . 1#
-
f(#) . 6#
-
1! f(#) . /3#
-
f(#) . /* #
-
3
9! f(#) . /#
-
f(#) . /3#
-
:! f(#) . -#
-
f(#) . 6#
-
=! f(#) . /1#
-
f(# . /-#
-
4! f(#) . - #
-
3
f(#) . * #
-
-
*>! f(#) . / * #
-
3
f(#) . / * #
-
-
?esson 3
Analy(e the Effect of the Chan"es in h on the
@ra&h of the unction f(#) . a(#/h)
-

-
The "ra&h of the function f(#) . a(#/h)
-
is the same as the "ra&h of
f(#) . a#
-
$ e#ce&t that its verte# is translated hori(ontally to the ri"ht of the ori"in
%hen h D >!
The "ra&h of the function f(#) . a(# / h)
-
is the same as the "ra&h of f(#)
. a#
-
e#ce&t that itGs verte# is translated to the left of the ori"in %hen h C >!
E#am&le)
*! y . (# 0 *)
-
y . (#0*)
-
verte# ) (/*$ >) y . #
-
A#is of symmetry) # . /*
E&enin") 7&%ard y . (# 2 *)
-
Table of values
# (# 0 *)
-
f(#)
* (*0 *)
-
6
> (> 0 *)
-
*
/* (/* 0 *)
-
>
/- (/-0 *)
-
*
/3 (/30 *)
-
6

-! y . (# / *)
-

verte# ) (*$ >)
A#is of symmetry) # . *
E&enin" of the "ra&h) 7&%ard
The "ra&h of y . (# 0 *)
-
moves to the left of the ori"in %hile the "ra&h of
y . (# 2 *)
-
moves to the ri"ht of the ori"in!
Try this out
@iven are the follo%in" functions! Tell the directions of each "ra&h$ if it
translates to the ri"ht or to the left of the reference "ra&h f(#) . #
-
!
*! f(#) . (# 0 6)
-

-! f(#) . (# 2 6)
-

3! f(#) . ( # 2 -)
-

Table of values
# (# / *)
-
f(#)
/* (/*/ *)
-
6
> (> / *)
-
*
* (* / *)
-
>
- (- / *)
-
*
3 (3 / *)
-
6
.
6! f(#) . (# 0 -)
-

1! f(#) . (# 0 1)
-
9! f(#) . -(# 2 1)
-

:! f(#) . 3(# 2 6)
-

=! y . (# / 9)
-

4! y . (# 0 *)
-

*>! y . (# / F)
-

?esson 6
Analy(e the Effect of the Chan"es in ' on the
@ra&h of the unction f(#) . a#
-
0 '
7sin" the "ra&h of f(#) . #
-
as the reference$ the value of ' translates the
"ra&h vertically$ u&%ard if ' D > or do%n%ard if ' C >!
Examples: y . #
-
0 3
*! f(#) . #
-
0 -
verte# ) ( >$ - ) y . #
-
0 -
a#is of symmetry) #. >
E&enin" of the "ra&h) 7&%ards y . #
-

Table of values
# #
-
0 - f(#)
- (-)
-
0 - 9
* (*)
-
0 - 3
> (>)
-
0 - -
/* (/*)
-
0 - 3
/- (/-)
-
0 - 9
-! f(#) . #
-
0 3
verte# ) ( >$ 3)
a#is of symmetry) # . >
o&enin" of the "ra&h) u&%ards
Table of values
# #
-
0 3 f(#)
- (-)
-
0 3 :
* (*)
-
0 3 6
> (>)
-
0 3 3
/* (/*)
-
0 3 6
/- (/-)
-
0 3 :
/0
Try this out
Tell the direction of each "ra&h$ if it translates u&%ards or do%n%ards !
Consider the "ra&h of f(#) . #
-
as your reference "ra&h!
*! y . #
-
0 9
-! y . #
-
2 6
3! y . #
-
2 3
6! y . #
-
0 -
1! y . #
-
2 -
9! y . #
-
/ *
:! y . #
-
0 1
=! y . #
-
0 =
4! y . #
-
03
*>! y . #
-
2 *
?esson 1
Analy(e the Effects of the Chan"es in a on the
@ra&h of the unction f(#) . a(#/h)
-
0 '!
7sin" your &revious 'no%led"e re"ardin" the characteristics and different
forms of ,uadratic functions lets you analy(e ho% the "ra&h of f(#) . a#
-
is
affected by both h and '! This %ould re,uire translation of the "ra&h from both
the # and y a#is!
Example 1
If a . /-$ h . /* and ' . /- the ,uadratic function becomes

y . /-(# 0 *)
-
2 -!
Verte#) (/*$ /-)
A#is of symmetry) # . /*
E&enin" of the "ra&h) +o%n%ard
Table of values
H /-(# 0 *)
-
/- f(#)
* /-(* 0 *)
-
/- /*>
> /-(> 0 *)
-
/- /6
/* /-(/* 0 *)
-
/- /-
/- /-(/- 0 *)
-
/- /6
/3 /-(/3 0 *)
-
/- /*>
//
Example 2:
;rite the e,uation of &arabola if the "ra&h of y . -#
-
is shifted 6 units to
the left and * unit do%n%ard!
Ans%er ) The e,uation is y . -(# 0 6)
-
2*!
Try this out
A! S'etch the "ra&h of the follo%in" ,uadratic functions! Com&lete the table
of values (choose &oints symmetric to the value of h) and other
characteristics such as verte#$ a#is of symmetry and direction of the
"ra&h!
*! y . /(# 2-)
-
0 *
-! y . -(# 0 -)
-
23
3! y . (# 2 *)
-
0 -
6! y . (# 0 *)
-
2-
1! y . ( # 0 *)
-
2 6
5! ;rite the e,uation for each &arabola described!
*! The "ra&h of y . #
-
shifted 1 units u&%ard!
-! The "ra&h of y . #
-
shifted 3 units do%n%ard!
3! The "ra&h of y . -#
-
shifted - units above the ori"in!
6! The "ra&h of y . #
-
shifted 6 units to the ri"ht of the ori"in!
1! The "ra&h of y . 3#
-
shifted - units to the left of the ori"in!
9! The "ra&h of y . -#
-
shifted 3 units to the left and 1 units u&%ard!
:! The "ra&h of y . 3#
-
shifted 3 units to the ri"ht and - units
do%n%ard!
=! The "ra&h of y . #
-
shifted 3 units to the left and 6 units do%n%ard!
4! The "ra&h of y . /-#
-
shifted 1 units to the ri"ht and 3 units u&%ard!
*>! The "ra&h of y . /3#
-
shifted - units to the left and 6 units u&%ard!
Lets summarize
*! The "ra&h of a ,uadratic function is called &arabola!
-! @ra&hin" ,uadratic functions there are ste&s to be follo%ed)
a) ind the coordinates of the verte#!
1) +etermine the a#is of symmetry!
c) +etermine the direction of the o&enin" of the "ra&h!
d) Ire&are the table of values (choose the values of # symmetric to
the value of h)!
/&
3! The "ra&h of the function of the form f(#) . a#
-
$ as a increases the "ra&h
narro%s!
6! The "ra&h of f(#) . a(# 2h)
-
has the same sha&e and direction of o&enin"
as the "ra&h of f(#) . a#
-
! 5ut its &osition is translated h units to the ri"ht
or left!
1! As the value of ' chan"es$ the "ra&h of f(#) . a(# 2h)
-
0 ' is translated '
units u& or do%n!
What have you learned
A! Tell the direction of the o&enin" of the "ra&h of the follo%in" functions!
*! y . -#
-
2 6
-! y . #
-
0 3
3! y . /#
-
0 -# 2 1
5! S'etch the "ra&h of the follo%in" functions!
6! y . 3 (# 2 *)
-
/ 6
1! y . /#
-
0 -# 2 *
C! 7sin" f(#) . #
-
as the reference "ra&h $ %hich "ra&h is %ider or narro%er<
9! y . -#
-
2 -
y . #
-
0 6
:! y . /3#
-
0 3
y . /* #
-
/ -
-
+! ;hich "ra&hs translates to the ri"ht or to the left of the ori"in<
=! f(#) . (# 2 3)
-
4! f(#) . 6(# 0 -)
-

*>! f(#) . / -(# 2 6)
-
**! f(#) . 3(# 0 3)
-
E! ;hich "ra&h translates u&%ards or do%n%ards from f(#) . #
-
<
*-! f(#) . 3#
-
/6
*3! f(#) . /-#
-
0 3
*6! fH) . /3(# 2 3)
-
0 1
*1! f(#) . (# 0 6)
-
/ 3
/'
nswer key
Ho% much do you 'no%
A! *! +o%n%ard
-! 7&%ard
3! 7&%ard
5! 6! y . /-#
-
0 6# / 3
1! y . #
-
2 6# 0 -
C!
9! narro%er
%ider

:! narro%er
%ider

+!
=! to the left

/(
23/,4/5
4! to the ri"ht
*>! to the ri"ht

**! to the left
E!
*-! do%n%ard
*3! u&%ard
*6! u&%ard
*1! do%n%ard
Try this out
?esson *
*! f(#) . (# 0 -)
-
2 3
Verte#) (/-$ /3)
A#is of symmetry) # . /-
+irection of o&enin") u&%ard
-! f(#) . /(# 2 -)
-
0 6
verte#) (-$ 6)
A#is of symmetry) # . -
+irection of o&enin") do%n%ard

Table of values
# (# 0 -)
-
/ 3 f(#)
> (> 0 -)
-
/ 3 *
/* (/* 0 -)
-
/ 3 /-
/- (/- 0 - )
-
/ 3 /3
/3 (/3 0 -)
-
/ 3 /-
/6 (/6 0 -)
-
/ 3 *
Table of values
# /(# / -)
-
06 f(#)
6 /(6 2 -)
-
0 6 >
3 /(3 2 -)
-
0 6 3
- /(- / -)
-
0 6 6
* /(* 2 -)
-
0 6 3
> /(> 2 -)
-
0 6 >
/*
3! f(#) . /(# 0 *)
-
0 3
verte#) (/*$ 3)
A#is of symmetry) #. /*
+irection of the o&enin") do%n%ard

6! f(#) . (# / *)
-
0 3
verte#) (*$ 3)
A#is of symmetry) # . *
+irection of o&enin") 7&%ard
1! f(#) . *83(# 2 *)
-
0 -
Table of values
# /(# 0 *)
-
03 f(#)
* /(* 0 *)
-
0 3 /*
> /(> 0 *)
-
0 3 -
/* /(/* 0 *)
-
0 3 3
/- /(/- 0 *)
-
0 3 -
/3 /(/3 0 *)
-
0 3 /*
Table of values
# (# / *)
-
0 3 f(#)
3 (3 2 *)
-
0 3 :
- (- 2 * )
-
0 3 6
* (* 2 *)
-
0 3 3
> ( > 2 *)
-
0 3 6
/* (/* 2 *)
-
0 3 :
/+
verte# ) (*$ -)
A#is of symmetry) # . *
+irection of o&enin") 7&%ard

?esson -
or each set of functions$ tell %hich "ra&h is narro%er or %ider!
*! f(#) . -#
-
$ %ider

f(#) . 3#
-
$ narro%er
-! f(#) . /* #
-
$ %ider
-
f(#) . /-#
-
$ narro%er
3! f(#) . 6#
-
$ narro%er
f(#) . * #
-
$ %ider
6
6! f(#) . 1#
-
$ narro%er
f(#) . 6#
-
$ %ider
1! f(#) . /3#
-
$ narro%er
f(#) . /* #
-
$ %ider
3
9! f(#) . /#
-
$ %ider
f(#) . /3#
-
$ narro%er
:! f(#) . -#
-
$ %ider
f(#) . 6#
-
$ narro%er
Table of values
# *83(#2*)
-
0 - f(#)
3 *83(32*)
-
0 - 3!3
- *83(-2*)
-
0 - -!3
* *83(*2*)
-
0 - -
> *83(> /*)
-
0 - -!3
/* *83(/*2*)
-
0 - 3!3
/,
=! f(#) . /1#
-
$ narro%er
f(# . / -#
-
$ %ider
4! f(#) . - #
-
$ narro%er
3
f(#) . * #
-
$ %ider
-
*>! f(#) . / * #
-
$ %ider
3
f(#) . /
&
/
#
-
$ narro%er
?esson 3)

*! moves to the left
-! moves to the ri"ht
3! moves to the ri"ht
6! moves to the left
1! moves to the left
9! moves to the ri"ht
:! moves to the ri"ht
=! moves to the ri"ht
4! moves to the left
*>! moves to the ri"ht

?esson 6
A!
*! u&%ards
-! do%n%ards
3! do%n%ards
6! u&%ards
1! do%n%ards
9! do%n%ards
:! u&%ards
=! u&%ards
4! u&%ards
*>! do%n%ards
?esson 1
A!
/-
*! y . /(# 2-)
-
0 *
verte#) (-$*)
A#is of symmetry) # . -
+irection of the "ra&h) +o%n%ard

-! y . -(# 0 -)
-
23
verte#) (/- 2 3)
A#is of symmetry) # . /-
+irection of the "ra&h) 7&%ards
3! y . (# 2 *)
-
0 -
Verte#) (*$ -)
A#is of symmetry) # . *
Table of values
# /(# 2 -)
-
0 * f(#)
6 /(6 2 -)
-
0 * /3
3 /(3 2 -)
-
0 * >
- /(- 2 -)
-
0 * *
* /(* 2 -)
-
0 * >
> /(> 2 -)
-
0 * /3
Table of values
# -(# 0 -)
-
/ 3 f(#)
> -(> 0 -)
-
/ 3 1
/* -( /* 0 -)
-
/3 /*
/- -( /- 0- )
-
/3 /3
/3 -( /3 0 -)
-
/ 3 /*
/6 -( /6 0 -)
-
/ 3 1
/.
+irection of the "ra&h) 7&%ards
6! y . (# 0 *)
-
2-
Verte#) (/*$ /-)
A#is of symmetry) # . /*
+irection of the "ra&h) 7&%ards
1! y . (# 0 *)
-
2 6
Verte#) (/*$ /6)
A#is of symmetry) # . /*
+irection of the "ra&h) 7&%ards
5!
*! y . #
-
0 1
Table of values
# (# 2 *)
-
0 - #
3 (3 2*)
-
0 - 9
- (- 2 *)
-
0 - 3
* (* 2 *)
-
0 - -
> (> 2 *)
-
0 - 3
/* (/* 2 *)
-
0 - 9
Table of values
# (# 0 *)
-
2- f(#)
* (* 0 *)
-
/ - -
> (> 0 *)
-
/ - /*
/* (/* 0 *)
-
/ - /-
/- (/- 0 *)
-
/ - /*
/3 (/3 0 *)
-
/ - -
Table of values
# (# 0 *)
-
2 6 f(#)
* (* 0 *)
-
/ 6 >
> (> 0 *)
-
/ 6 /3
/* (/* 0 *)
-
/ 6 /6
/- (/- 0 *)
-
/ 6 /3
/3 (/3 0 *)
-
/ 6 >
&0
-! y . #
-
/3
3! y . -#
-
0 -
6! y . (# / 6)
-
1! y . 3(# 0 -)
-
9! y . -(# 0 3)
-
0 1
:! y . 3(# 2 3)
-
2 -
=! y . (# 0 3)
-
2 6
4! y . /-(# 2 1)
-
0 3
*>! y . /3(# 0 -)
-
0 6
;hat have you learned
A!
*! 7&%ard
-! 7&%ard
3! +o%n%ard
5!
6! y . 3(# 2 *)
-
/ 6
1! y . /#
-
0 -# 2 *
&/
C!
9! narro%er
%ider
:! narro%er
%ider

+! E!
=! to the ri"ht *-! do%n%ard
4! to the left *3! u&%ard
*>! to the ri"ht *6! u&%ard
**!to the left *1! do%n%ard
&&

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