PARSA | parsa.

ge
Eurasia Partnership Foundation | epfound.ge
Universal Design Partners | universaldesign.org
Universal Design
Guide for Inclusive Tourism
Inclusive tourism is a global movement to
ensure the full social participation of all
persons with disabilities in travel, citizenships,
and cultural contribution and in the process,
to ensure the same for everyone else.
Dr. Scott Rains
2
Contents
ABOUT INCLUSIVE TOURISM
WHAT IS UNIVERSAL DESIGN?
ECONOMICS: UNIVERSAL DESIGN FOR INCLUSIVE TOURISM
BASIC ACCESS CONSIDERATIONS
PATHWAYS AND ROADS
RAMPS AND STEPS
ENTRANCES AND DOORS
INTERIOR ACCESS
MULTI-STORY ACCESS
RESTROOMS
GUEST ROOMS AND BATHROOMS
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
FOOD SERVICE AND RETAIL
BEACH AND SEA
LEISURE VENUES AND LOCATIONS
TRANSPORTATION
PARKING
LIGHTING
EDUCATION, TRAINING, AND COMMUNICATION TO THE PUBLIC
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
3
About Inclusive Tourism
Inclusive Tourism is the systematic application of universal design by the travel
and hospitality industry at every stage of its product, service, and policy life cycle.
It starts by looking at real people as they exist in all their diversity of abilities. It
looks at them at all stages of the human life cycle: children, adults, and seniors.
WHY NOT ACCESSIBLE INSTEAD OF INCLUSIVE?
When people hear the word accessible attached to tourism they think they have
a pretty good idea what that means. This is the problem. Almost everybody thinks
they know what it means but, since it has never been fully defined, almost
everybody has invented their own personal definition. That is a recipe for disaster.
It is possible for a place to be accessible while the activities taking place there or
the attitudes of those employed there remain grossly exclusionary.
INCLUSION REFERS TO THE ACTIVE ACCEPTANCE OF ONE PERSON OR
GROUP BY ANOTHER.
Inclusion involves communication at the level of values and traditions. It is a
cultural transformation process where all participants receive appropriate value.
Cultural identities may remain intact but quality of interaction expands the
capacity for tolerance and understanding on all sides.
INCLUSIVE TOURISM INVOLVES A CIRCLE OF COMMUNICATION
BETWEEN TRAVELERS, INDUSTRY PROFESSIONALS, POLICY MAKERS,
DESIGNERS, AND BUILDERS TO BECOME STAKEHOLDERS IN THE BEST
POSSIBLE OUTCOME FOR ALL.
That outcome is a product and quality of customer service that is predictable and
understandable. A transformation in attitude, practice, and design takes place
when travelers with disabilities are recognized for their potential as profitable
customers.
Once the travel industry seriously begins to consider the variability in capabilities
of the individuals they serve, practical questions arise related to creating products,
spaces, or policies that honor individuals of differing abilities.
THE NEED FOR PRINCIPLES THAT GUIDE DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION
DECISION IS WHY INCLUSIVE TOURISM IS INSEPARABLE FROM
UNIVERSAL DESIGN.
This guide explores what universal design looks like for inclusive tourism.
(Credit for this page: Scott Rains)
The word inclusive refers to the concept of social inclusion. This is the opposite of the exclusion
found in stereotyping, pity as a substitute for justice, and outright discrimination.
4
What is Universal Design?
Universal design grew from the priorities of human-centered design and social
goals of civil rights movements, dating back to the 1960s and 1970s. These ideas
included: affordable housing, urban revitalization, mental health, aging, and early
childhood education (Steinfeld & Maisel, 2012). Several definitions of universal
design have since emerged, but they all share the same goals: social inclusion,
equality, and independence for the entire population:
"The design of products and environments to be usable by all people, to the
greatest extent possible, without the need for adaptation or specialized design."
(source: Ron Mace, 1985)
"...design for human diversity, social inclusion, and equality"
(source: Design for All Europe, 2008)
Universal design is a framework for the design of places, things, information,
communication and policy to be usable by the widest range of people operating in
the widest range of situations without special or separate design. Most simply,
Universal Design is human-centered design of everything with everyone in mind. It
is not a design style but an orientation to any design process that starts with a
responsibility to the experience of the user." (source: Adaptive Environments)
The seven principles of universal design (Center for Universal Design, 1997; Connell
et al., 1997) were developed to help make universal design easier to understand:
Principle 1: Equitable Use
Designs are useful and marketable to people with diverse abilities.
Principle 2: Flexibility in Use
Designs accommodate a wide range of individual preferences and abilities.
Principle 3: Simple and Intuitive Use
Designs are easy to understand, regardless of the users experience, knowledge,
language skills, or current concentration level.
Principle 4: Perceptible Information
Designs communicate necessary information effectively to the user, regardless of
ambient conditions or the users sensory abilities.
Principle 5: Tolerance for Error
Designs minimize hazards and the adverse consequences of accidental or
unintended actions.
Principle 6: Low Physical Effort
Designs can be used efficiently and comfortably and with a minimum of fatigue.
Principle 7: Size and Space for Approach and Use
Appropriate size and space is provided for approach, reach, manipulation, and use
regardless of users body size, posture, or mobility.
Universal design is a way of thinking about design to eliminate barriers and make things easier to use.
It is the best approach to designing things that are accessible and user-friendly for the entire population.
5
Economics: Universal Design
for Inclusive Tourism
US TRAVELERS WITH DISABILITIES SPEND
OVER $13.5 BILLION USD PER YEAR, OR
OVER 22 BILLION GEL PER YEAR.
More than 70% of people with disabilities in the
United States over 22 million adults travel at
least once every 2 years, most of the time for
leisure, for an average of 5 days per trip.
REVENUES FROM TRAVELERS WITH
DISABILITIES COULD DOUBLE IF BETTER
ACCOMMODATIONS WERE AVAILABLE FROM
BOTH AIRLINES AND HOTELS.
There is tremendous economic opportunity in
serving travelers with disabilities. These numbers
will increase as the aging population increases.
(Source: Open Door Organization, 2002 & 2005;
Research Among Adults With Disabilities:
Travel and Hospitality.)
US Tourism expenditures were around $82 billion
USD in 2002, and has since increased to over $117
billion in 2011. (Source: World Tourism Organization)
NEARLY 16.5% OF US TOURISM SPENDING
IS FROM PEOPLE WITH SOME DISABILITY.
HOWEVER, UNIVERSAL DESIGN APPLIES TO
A MUCH LARGER DEMOGRAPHIC
THAN ONLY PEOPLE WITH DISABILITIES.
It is important to look beyond traditional disability
and aging statistics of the target population,
especially as modern societies experience vast
socioeconomic shifts and rapid technological and
economic changes. (Steinfeld & Maisel, 2012)
Designs that are free of unnecessary barriers are
useful to everyone. Access and usability should be
considered basic human rights, available to ALL.
Universal design helps create social sustainability by providing safe and convenient access to places, products, and
programs. It promotes health, wellness, and inclusion by providing opportunity for as many people as possible.
UNIVERSAL DESIGN BENEFITS EVERYONE.
N.B.: some peoples needs arent fully met by universal design, but are easier to address if UD is the starting point.
(
C
o
n
c
e
p
t

c
r
e
d
i
t
:

E
s
t
h
e
r

G
r
e
e
n
h
o
u
s
e
)
6
REACH
Objects should be
no higher than 120cm
and no lower than
40cm. Everything
should be in reach
for anyone standing,
sitting, and people
short of stature.
LIGHTING & CONTRAST
Spaces need to be evenly lit with
minimal shadows and minimal glare.
Contrast should be used with colors or
textures to alert people about
transitions between different areas.
Basic Access Considerations
COMMUNICATION
Security systems and all types of
communication to the general public
should be both heard and seen. This is
important for those who get
information primarily by seeing and/or
hearing. This includes alerts for
emergencies, safety, security, and
general announcements.
SIGNS & INFORMATION
Information should be displayed using
easy-to-read type, with contrasting
colors and/or backgrounds. Signs
should be placed in easy-to-see
locations that are logical for finding
ones way. Signs should not be printed
on shiny material to help prevent glare.
DOORWAYS
Doorways need a minimum width of 85cm.
100cm or more is recommended.
Thresholds should be no taller than 2cm.
No steps should be required to enter/exit.
PATHWAY WIDTH
Pathways should have a clear width of
100cm, or at least 150cm to allow
people to pass each other.
PATHWAY SLOPE
Pathway slope should be 1:20 or less. Cross
slope should be no more than 1:50. Steps
should not be required to use in pathways.
7
PATHWAY SURFACES
No pathway should have cracks or
gaps over 5mm wide. All pathways
should be easy to maintain, slip-
resistant, and durable. Design
should allow water to drain away
from pathway.
CROSSWALKS
Street crossings should be clearly
indicated with crosswalks. The use of
contrast with color and/or texture is
important to indicate transitions and
safe routes of travel.
Crosswalks should be free from
obstacles or barriers.
Pathways and Roads
CURB RAMPS
Curb ramps are important for access on and off sidewalks, especially at street crossings.
They are critical for anyone who uses a mobility device, and offer safety and convenience
for everyone else, whether pushing a stroller or hauling wheeled luggage. The path in the
middle should be no less than 100cm wide with a slope no greater than 1:12. Side slopes
should be no greater than 1:10. The use of tactile warning strips at the base of the curb
ramp provides safety and orientation for people with low vision or blindness.
PATHWAY WIDTH
Pathways and crosswalks should be at least 180cm wide to accommodate groups of
people traveling in different directions. A minimum of 150cm width will provide space
for a wheelchair and a pedestrian, side-by-side.
Paths should be free of obstructions, and all pathways between destinations should
connect without requiring the use of any steps.
CROSSWALK
SIGNALS
Visual and auditory
alerts are helpful for
everyone, but offer
additional safety and
cues for people who are deaf, hard-of-
hearing, have low vision, or blindness.
8
Ramps and Steps
STEP SAFETY
Steps are not present in true universal
design, but they exist in many existing
facilities. If there is no way to remove
steps, they need to be safe for people
who can use them. Contrasting color
should be used to indicate transition.
Handrails installed on both sides are
recommended at a height of 100cm.
RAMP HANDRAILS
Its ideal to have two handrails provided
on each side of a ramp, one at 100cm
for people walking, and a lower one at
75cm for people who use wheelchairs.
Handrails need to extend 50cm past
the top and bottom edges of the ramp
for increased safety.
RAMP SLOPE, LENGTH, AND LANDINGS
New universal design construction should avoid using ramps, but some retrofitted areas of
travel will require them, based on available space. Slope of ramps should be no greater than
1:12. More than 10m of ramp length needs a level place for rest (or change in direction) after
each 10m section, measuring 1.5m x 1.5m, with a maximum slope of 1:50. Side protection
measuring 5-10cm high is recommended to keep any mobility devices on the ramp.
9
Entrances and Doors
The main entrance should accommodate all guests.
A separate entrance for individuals who use mobility
devices is not ideal, but when safety is a valid
concern when remodeling an existing entrance, an
alternate entrance may be needed.
DOORWAYS
Width clearance in doorways should be a minimum of 85cm for access by a wide variety
of people. 100cm is recommended for new construction. Wide doorways accommodate
those carrying luggage and groups of people with ease. 50cm of wall space on the latch
side of the door increases ease of use to open the door.
POWER-ASSIST DOORS
Sensor-activated or push-button
door openers create added
convenience by eliminating the
need to push or pull a heavy door.
They also increase the speed at
which people are able to enter/exit
with the flow of pedestrian traffic.
VESTIBULE ENTRANCES
Multiple sets of doors in a sequence should
have adequate floor space in-between for
easy flow in traffic a minimum of 120cm
between the doors when open. Glass
doors need markings for safety to make
them noticeable for everyone, particularly
people with low vision.
DOOR
HARDWARE
Doors should be easy to open or
close, without the requirement to
grip or pinch. Lever handles (above)
and D-handles (below) work well.
10
Interior Access
DOORWAY WIDTH
Interior doorways should be between 85-100cm wide.
Use contrast with lighting or
color to alert individuals about
transitions between areas.
LEVEL CHANGES
Universal design uses no
steps in any pathway.
Minimal level changes
(e.g., thresholds) should
be no greater than 2cm.
Any cracks or gaps
should be filled/repaired
if greater than 5mm.
SIGNS & DISPLAYS
Signs and displays should
be in logical locations for
finding ones way.
Easy-to read type and
raised lettering should be
used, and glare can be
avoided by not using
reflective material.
WALL SPACE
A minimum of 50cm of floor and wall space adjacent
to the latch side of every door is recommended.
Items should never protrude from walls more than
10cm. (e.g., water fountains, signs)
PATHWAY WIDTH
Interior pathways should be at least 100cm wide for ease of maneuverability. 150cm of width is recommended
so people who use mobility devices can turn around easily, in addition to allowing passage of someone walking
alongside someone else using a wheelchair or carrying luggage. 180cm of width, or greater, is preferred to
provide adequate space for two wheelchairs to pass.
PATHWAY SLOPE
Slopes should be no
greater than 1:20.
If ramps are used
indoors, the slope
should be no greater
than 1:12, and handrails
should be in place on
both sides for safety.
11
Multi-Story Access
ELEVATORS
Elevators are the easiest way for anyone to move up or down floors in multi-
level facilities. They should be located in easy-to-access locations.
Commercial elevators should be large enough to accommodate people who
use wheelchairs, those carrying luggage, and groups of people. Directional
signs to locate elevators should be easy-to-read and displayed throughout all
routes inside a facility.
STEPS
Steps are not used in true universal design, but
are common in multi-story buildings and
retrofits. Steps should have contrasting colors
and tactile changes on the edges for safety.
Steps should be 90cm or wider, enclosed in the
back, with depth of tread between 28-32cm,
and a rise in height between 15-18cm. Handrails
75-100cm high on both sides are necessary.
PLATFORM LIFTS
Platform lifts should only be used when there
is inadequate space for a ramp. Inside
dimensions should be no less than 110cm wide
and 140cm deep. Visual and audible alerts are
recommended, along with easy-to-reach
buttons and raised lettering. All buttons should
be between 90-120cm from the floor,
reachable by people seated, standing, and
short in stature.
STAIRWAY WARNINGS
Undersides of stairs 200cm or
less that are not enclosed
need a safety warning
for people with
low-vision or
blindness.
12
Restrooms TOILETS AND STALLS
Toilet seat height should be 45-50cm
from the floor. There should be 120cm
of floor space in front of the toilet and
90cm to the side to facilitate a transfer
from a wheelchair. A turning radius of
150cm is necessary for any wheelchair
users. A nearby washbasin in a stall or
restroom offers convenience and
cleanliness.
SINKS, FAUCETS,
AND MIRRORS
Sinks should have a clearance of
70cm underneath, and be no higher
than 80cm. Faucets should be
controlled by a single lever handle or
a motion sensor. Mirrors should be
visible at any height between
100-200cm from the floor.
Restrooms should be easily located
within short walking distances from
attractions and public spaces.
Doors should open outwards or be
sliding to maximize floor space inside
the restroom. Minimum doorway width
is 85-90cm.
STALL DOORS AND HARDWARE
Doors to stalls and restrooms should open out
to increase usable space inside. Hardware to
lock/unlock doors should be easy to use
without the need to grip or pinch. Hooks at
various heights will allow people to hang items
away from the floor while using the restroom.
Grab bars should be securely attached to the
wall, 80cm from the floor.
A baby-changing area is helpful.
Provide enough space underneath
for storage of belongings, room
for a stroller, or access
from a wheelchair.
SOAP, TOWELS, AND TRASHCANS
Everything should be in easy reach
(height: 90-120cm) of a person,
regardless if they are seated or standing.
Motion sensor soap dispensers, towel
dispensers, and/or electric hand dryers
increase ease of use.
13
Guest Rooms & Bathrooms
BATHROOM
An en suite bathroom is ideal. If not possible,
a wheelchair accessible bathroom needs to
be on the same floor as the guest room.
FLOOR SPACE
Floor space in guest rooms is
important for daily tasks. Turning
radii of 150cm are necessary in
guest rooms and bathrooms.
90cm of width is necessary for
any routes to/from storage,
desks, and bathrooms.
SHOWERS
A shower is preferable to a bathtub, with no
step required. A seat should be provided for
the safety of guests who are unable to stand.
Seats should be securely mounted, 45-50cm
from the floor, and have back support (which
can be a wall).
Shower heads should be hand-held and
removable from the wall, located in a
adjustable position between 95-220cm from
the floor. Water controls should be lever-
operated and located close to the seat.
Grab bars should be
80cm from the floor.
Do not mount them where
back support is needed.
Bed height should
be around 55cm.
STORAGE
Low storage
and hangers
for clothing
or towels
should be no
more than
90-120cm
from the
floor.
Closet
REACH
Light switches, electrical sockets, and access to
heating and cooling controls should be no higher
than 90-120 cm and no lower than 40 cm.
ALERTS
Alarms need visual, vibratory, and audible alerts.
14
COUNTERS
Counters for payment/ticketing/
reservations/information should give
individuals a reachable working
surface, 80cm from the floor. This
provides easy communication for
people who use wheelchairs or are
short in stature. An overhang to allow
wheelchairs to roll under is also useful.
SELF-SERVICE
All aspects of getting food, drinks,
utensils, payment seating, and putting
away trash should be considered self-
service. Items should be easy-to-reach
from a seated or standing position.
Items should be between 90-120cm
from the floor, used one-handed if
applicable, e.g., drink machines.
TABLES AND SEATING
Tables with center supports allow individuals who want
to remain in a wheelchair the ability to roll underneath
comfortably. The underside of table should be between
70-75cm in height.
A bar can be accessed by offering seating at a lower
table and sinking the floor behind the bar so workers are
face to face with their customers.
SIGNAGE
Signs should be easy to read, using
contrasting color with easy-to-read
type. Large text print menus can
compliment a wall-mounted display
and provide another option.
FLOOR SPACE AND REACH
The ability to move around a facility and
reach other destinations (such as
bathrooms) requires floor space with
100-120cm of clearance in-between
objects, such as tables or displays.
Pathways and aisles should be free from
obstacles.
Products need to be in easy-to-reach
places, regardless if people are seated or
standing, between 90-120cm.
Large dressing rooms are helpful for all,
whether someone is using a wheelchair,
or have several kids, packages, or a
stroller with them. This includes a 150cm
turning radius, low hooks on the wall for
hanging clothing or bags, and a bench
inside to sit that is at least 45cm tall.
Food Service and Retail
15
Beach and Sea
BEACH ACCESS POINTS
Points of access are best located near parking, restroom facilities, and inclusive shower/changing
facilities. Multiple beach access points should be used along the shoreline.
BOARDWALK
A multipurpose path (boardwalk) can connect hotels, restaurants, shops, and multiple beach access
points for convenience. This has positive economic benefits and provides opportunity for a wide
variety of people to enjoy the area because of ease of access to multiple locations. A boardwalk
should follow the same pathway guidelines as other areas: no steps, level surfaces, minimal slope.
WALKWAYS
Walkways should be at least 100cm wide with a slope less than 1:20 to
help people gain access to the beach. They should be durable and
without steps, large cracks, or gaps over 5mm. Rocky or sandy terrain
makes it difficult for individuals using wheelchairs and other mobility
devices to move without getting stuck.
WATER ACCESS
A path or ramp into the water provides ease of access for all. Some individuals may need adaptive
equipment (speciality chairs and flotation devices) to get into the water safely. Lifeguards and
other staff to assist with equipment are great assets and provide added safety.
SHADE AND REST
Ample shade and rest areas are important to help those who have difficulty with heat or need
breaks because of fatigue.
16
PLAYGROUNDS
Inclusive playgrounds are a great way for families to interact together. Not only
does a playground allow children to play in a safe and welcoming environment, but
it allows parents and/or other family members to participate and keep watch over
their children. Same concepts of reach, pathway width, and slope apply.
Leisure Venues and Locations
Information in this section relates to any leisure-related venue or location. It is important
to note that design standards for parking, pathways, bathrooms, reach, lighting, and
signage should still apply throughout these venues. When all design elements are
considered, individuals will easily be able to participate in leisure activities with others.
CYCLING AND PEDESTRIAN LANES
Areas/lanes with specific designations for bikes and walking
traffic increase safety and convenience for everyone, especially
with separation from automotive traffic.
No steps or obstructions should be in cycling or pedestrian
lanes. Lanes should be clearly marked, particularly if intended
for two-way travel. Added benefits are decreased dependency
on cars, less fuel use, more available parking, and greater
health and wellness from physical fitness.
Shade provided by
awnings or umbrellas is
useful for helping with
some health conditions.
DISPLAYS
Informational displays
and signs at museums
and other cultural sites
where tours are given
should provide audio and
visual options for visitors
to take in the information.
SEATING
Event seating should provide a clear line of
sight for all individuals whether seated or
standing. Spaces available for people using
wheelchairs should be located on a flat surface
next to other seats for friends and family.
Seats can be removable to accommodate a
wide range of individuals. Designated areas
should be close to bathroom and eating areas.
c
r
e
d
i
t
:

D
e
a
P
e
a
J
a
y
17
Transportation
SHELTERS AND SEATING
Outdoor shelters are a great way to provide
protection from weather while waiting on
public transportation. Shelters should include
benches/seats to rest, including floor space for
those using wheelchairs, strollers, and bags.
Seating areas on busses and trains should
utilize wide aisles and extra floorspace to
accommodate all riders and their belongings.
PAYMENT AND GATES
Machines should be easy to reach and manipulate at various heights,
located on the pathway used to reach a destination. Directions on
machines should be easy to see and easy to understand, using
contrasting colors. For added convenience, staff can be used in high
traffic areas to assist riders with process. Access gates should be a
minimum of 85cm wide to accommodate all individuals.
LOADING AND RIDING
Contrasting colors, tactile changes, & lighting are features that can indicate the edge of a platform,
providing cues for safety. Entrance doors need to be 85cm or greater, with a minimal gap between
the platform and the vehicle for safety. If a ramp is used, the slope should be no more than 1:12.
Floor space inside a vehicle should accommodate individuals using mobility equipment as well as
those with strollers and luggage. Provide places to hold onto for security while in motion, including
low and high options for anyone sitting or standing.
Location of transportation hubs, stops, or stations should be dispersed
equally throughout city. All stops in the network should allow people to
enter without steps. Elevators and lifts or ramps may be needed to allow
people to reach their destination, but riders should not be required to
seek alternate paths from other patrons just to find an accessible route.
The main route should be free from barriers.
If terminals require people to travel long distances, moving walkways and
areas of rest are important to help decrease fatigue while getting to
destinations within the station.
Bus Train
c
r
e
d
i
t
:

k
e
c
k
o
18
Parking
GATES AND DOORS
People should not be required to exit a
vehicle to open gates or doors. Remote
access or an easy-to-reach keypad
makes entry and exit convenient and
fast.
GARAGES
If a garage is present, clearance of 2.5m
is needed to allow for tall vehicles.
US ADA-ACCESSIBLE SPACES
In the US, accessible parking spaces are 96in (2.5m) with access aisles for individuals to get in and out of a vehicle
when using mobility equipment. Access aisles for cars are 60in (1.5m) and those for vans with lifts are 96 (2.5m) wide.
UNIVERSALLY-DESIGNED SPACES
Every parking space can be designed without access aisles, but 3.5m wide for increased usability. This provides plenty
of space for people who use mobility devices. Vehicles with side-entry wheelchair lifts may need additional space.
All accessible parking should be close to the main entrance, labeled by markings on
the ground and signs. Bike storage should also be present. Signage should identify
separate areas for parking, loading, and keeping away from traffic.
SURFACE AND SLOPE
Parking should not have any bumps, gaps, or cracks. and be well-maintained.
Parking spaces should be on a flat surface, with a slope of no more than 1:50.
19
Lighting
Multiple light sources using different types
of lighting are important for safety, security,
and comfort.
LIGHTING SHOULD BE SEEN AS A
DESIGN ELEMENT OF INDOOR AND
OUTDOOR ENVIRONMENTS.
Lighting is important for safety and security.
Appropriately placed light sources will assist
individuals with decreased vision and visual
impairments in navigating their environment
to find their way, in addition to serving as
alerts for safety reasons. Individuals who are
deaf or heard of hearing also benefit from
the use of lighting to get information from
the environment, as they rely on their vision
due to their decreased ability to hear.
LIGHTING CAN BE USED TO
ILLUMINATE DIRECTIONAL PATHS,
ENTRY POINTS, KEY PADS, AND
INFORMATIONAL SIGNS.
AMBIENT LIGHTING
Ambient lighting helps create ambiance, or feeling of a space by
lighting general spaces. This is the basic light source in outdoor and
indoor spaces. These lights can even be added to dimmers, timers,
and motion detectors to make a space more functional. It should
not be too bright or cause glare. Ambient lighting should be
accompanied by other light sources to reduce shadows.
TASK LIGHTING
Task lighting will specifically highlight an area or workspace to
compliment the ambient (general) lighting. Ambient lighting is great
for some things, but it can create large shadows. Task lighting helps
reduce shadows, glare, and hazards to perform tasks such as
reading/writing, cooking, eating, and doing daily tasks in a
bathroom. Good task lighting helps reduce eye strain.
ACCENT LIGHTING
Accent lighting draws attention to the important things in a space,
e.g. a picture or a sculpture, or a landscape or building feature.
Accent lights can help make people aware of a hazard, such as the
edge of a train platform. The purpose is to draw attention to the
item or situation wanted to be seen versus the light itself.
NATURAL LIGHTING
Natural light can help reduce power/electric bills and create an
ambiance of its own. Paying attention to the direction of the sun
and how the light is affected by different seasons will make a
difference on how natural light effects a space.
20
EDUCATION/ADVOCACY
The media and other social outlets are creating
more awareness of the benefits of universal design
versus accessible design, especially in regard to
inclusive tourism for the population as a whole.
Educators need to be able to teach professionals
the importance of these concepts to increase the
likelihood that continued progress will be made in
advancing the access and participation of all
members of our population, which will increase
quality of life and health.
Stakeholders, such as government organizations,
local advocacy groups, business owners, inventors,
and supporters of universal design need to work
together in creating a cultural change by increasing
consumer demand for their places, products, and
programs to be welcoming and usable. Many
individuals tend to accept only partial access in
communities around the world because they are
unaware of the potential for positive change.
Universal design can make major improvements to
our society if people are willing to expand beyond
the traditional mindset of accessibility codes.
ONLINE INFORMATION AND DESIGN
People are using phones, tablets, and all types of
computers to access information online, and it
should be easy to find and understand.
Details about local attractions, menus,
entertainment and even tourism videos give
consumers the chance to gather information and
learn about an area from afar. Accurate and up-to-
date information will help increase interest about
the things an area has to offer.
MARKETING
Accessible details should be marketed in a way that
visitors will understand the functional aspects of an
environment. This applies to all tourism-related
material, specifically key destinations and the
activities available. A rating scale may help visitors
gauge their own abilities based on the content
presented. This must be based on a knowledge and
understanding of how people function in regard to
accessibility, inclusion, and tourism.
Universal icons denoting services and information
located at various sites is helpful as well (e.g., sign
language, audio, and accessible travel available).
KNOWLEDGEABLE STAFF
Staff need to be educated about the potential
needs of guests. Training sessions for emergencies,
customer service, and communicating accurate and
well-thought-out information is important for
safety. Disability etiquette training will help create
more comfortable conversations and experiences.
INCLUSIVE TOURISM IS A GLOBAL
MOVEMENT TO ENSURE THE FULL SOCIAL
PARTICIPATION OF ALL PERSONS WITH
DISABILITIES IN TRAVEL, CITIZENSHIPS, AND
CULTURAL CONTRIBUTION AND IN THE
PROCESS, TO ENSURE THE SAME FOR
EVERYONE ELSE.
- Dr. Scott Rains
Education, Training and
Communication to Public