C I IJ\PTI; R J

Sc:t:tio.n 3 1

31

ThcrJC1i:cofX is {o.l.2.....1000f

3-3

ThcrJC1i:cofX is {0.1.2.. .99999}

3-S.

Tho rooac ol' X i> {I. 2.....491}. llccolu>C 4!)0 JlWU ""'canlbnning. o. ncnoonlonnin!!- pori m1.t<t be ""locto;l m
~~ SCl:tl<liL~.

J .7

The r~c of X iHlOo\'<:rtiently nlOdclod os nll r~armesori'-.: itl(e~m. Thnr is.. tbe mn~te ofX is {0.1.2....}

3-9.

Thtl\ll1liCOfX i~ (0.1.'2, ...,15}

311.

Thc~c oi'X i> {0.1. 2..... 10000)

3-13.

Thcl\lllScofX is {0.1.2.. ...-10000}

Section 32
3 15.

All probabilitid 011\!' grc:ttr r than or equal to ttm tsntl sum to on.:.

al
b)
c)

d)

\-17.

319.

l'(X S2)- I/8 +218 -2J8 t- 218 + 1/8 1

P(X >- 2) 218 + 2/S 2.1'8- 118 111!
P(-ISXS'I)-218 2/R nn;6R 3f4
I'(X S - l or X - 2)- II'S- :!ll~ + 118 418 lf2

Pm~nbilities on: ncnl1cl!"'h'C nnd "'""

to IJC1C,

~~

r(X - 4)- 9/2$

b)

I'(X S I) - 1/2S + 3!2S 4f.!S

c)

1'(2 s X< 4) = Y2~ + 112S = 1212.5

d)

l'(X " IO)

X-

numbcrofsu('{'c>siulsu~eries.

P(X = 0) = 0.1(0.3:1) = 0 033

I'(X - I)-0.9(0J3) + 0.1(0.67)-0.364
I'(X - 1}- 0.9(0.671 0.603

...:u.

X - number ar w~too tlut p:~<;(

P(X 0) (0.2)1 O.OOS
P(X - I ) 3(0.2)1(0.8) -IJ.()%

P(X 2) = 3(0.2)(0.81' 0.384

P<X - Jl (0.$)' o..m
.32l.

P(X - SO nrillicn) - 0.5. I'~X - 2S mlllioo) - 0.3. 1' (X - 10 million) - 0.2

31

IS null ion) - 0.6. 1'(X- S millkln) -OJ. I'(X- -o..s million)- 0. 1

.12~.

I'(X

~-27.

X numb<r af C(>lllf)Otla\1< that ITlC'Ct spccif>:.>ti.'!n$

I'(X

OJ

PI;X
PI;X

II
21 (09SI(0.98)(0.01) + (0 95)1002)(0.99) (0.05)10.9'8)10.991 =- 0.07663
1) (095)(0.9R)I0.99J o.?l1<>9

1'\X
329.

(O.OS)(O.O'.!)(O.OI) 0.00001
tO 95)(0.02)(001) (0 05)1098)(0.01) (0.05)(0 02)(0.991 =0 00167

wailing 1imc: (hoW\)

PI;X

I)

PIX

~~

19 500 0038
Sl ~ 0 .102

PIX ) ) StdOO 0 11'2

I'\ X 4) 102 soo 0.2A}.I
s;,~

0. 174
6MOO 0.124

PIX

S)

I'( X

6)

I'( X
I'(X
I\X
I'(X
P(X

71 -10~ 008
31 Ul<(K) ()016
9) 14500 0.028
10) 111500 0.022
IS) 10\SOO 0.020

f(.r)

0.038.

.t

(). 11)2,

017'2.

,Y

0.204.
0 174.
0.114.

' 4s
Y - (1

008(1.

0.036.

0028.

0.(122.

0020.
1.)1.

10
15

X Non-f-liiC'd ~~odl dtpch

1'\X 2SSJ

tiS IS I\<H)on26 O.HO

I'(X

267126 0.003

2181

P\X J 111 329()7726 0 426

I\X 2I II l49n72(; 0 ~5
I'(X llo7J (280 887)7 716 O.IS I
1\X - 2171 36:7126 O.OOS

((tl

0005.

ll7

0.00\

liM

0045.
0.370.

231
255
261
317

0.1S I,
0 426.

..

32

'
.\

,,
"-'
u.

:c <-2
1/ 8 - 2 $.t <-1
F (.<) -

3/S

- 1<.< < 0

518

osx< l
l !>.t<2

718
I

f.,(

fx(- 1) = 218
fx<0> = 218
fx(l)- 2/ S
l 1 (2) = 1/ 8

wb."'tc

25.

~)

P(X s 1.25)- 7/8

P(X :52 2) = I
P(-1. 1 < X s 1) - 718-

d)

P(X >0)- 1 - I'(X S0) - 1 -SISJJ~

~~

b)

2) - 1/ R

I IN -J.I~

J.J).
x< O
0.008. OS:r< l
0.

F(.<)

0.101.

1< .< < 2

().~R,

2s;x< 3

I.

3 ->.<

/CO) = 0.1J = O.OIJS.

/(1)- J(0.2:(0.2X0.8) - O.Cl% ,

/12> = 3(0.2XO.SX0.8) = 0.384,

f<Jl = co.sy = o.s12.

3-37.
<I()
10 $.V<2$
F(.T) = 0.2.
o.s. 25 <.r< SO
50 s; x
I.
0,

when: P(X

139.

34 1,

,T

SO milli:m} - 0..5, PIX

25 n>illion)

0.}. P{X - 10 million)

0.2

Tile sum oflhc p<~>b:Jbilhld I> I :u>il all probotnlilk s ore 1"'4lct rlnn 01 <>qUll ur :..:nr: prnl:jl l) - O.S.j(3) - O.S
a}

P(X S 3) = I

b)

P(X S 2) O.S

~)

P(l S X <:2)

d)

I'(X > 2) - 1 - I~ X S2) - 0.S

P(X

I)

0.5

Tile sum of rbc proll<1bi l ir ie$ i~ I nnd IllI rroNt>~ilk11 nn: ~rcr r~n or oqwl l(l?cro:
prn(: 11-10) - 0.25. 1130) - 0.5. QSO) - 0.25
ol P(X ~ $0) = I
b) P(X :i 40) 0.75
c) P(IO S X S W)- rrx - 50) 0.25
c)

P(X < 0) - 0.2~

P(O s X < 10) - 0

f)

P(- 10 -.: X -.: I()) P O

d)

3-oB.

F (.Y ) :

f),

... < 26a

0.2~.

266 $ .< < 2?1

O.S4. 2il $ . < 274

I.

274 $.<

when: P(X - 266 K) - 1).24, P(X - 271 K) - 1).30. P(X - 174 Kl - I)A6

0,
A< I.S
J, , ...
005
. . I .) .oo.< ,'
F(x) = 0.30. 3 $ ' < 4.S
0.65. 4.5 $- < S
0.85, S $ :t< 7
7 <:t

==

wh<'l1: P(X = I .5) O.OS, P(X J) 0.25. P{X = 4.5)=0..>5. P(X=S) =0.20. P(X 7) = O.IS

Sa:tion ;w
3-47.

Mcnn nnd vnt'Pncc

1' - F.(,\')- Oj'(O) 1/(1) 2/(2) + 3/(3) -! f(-1 )
= 0(0.2) + 1(0.2) - 2(0.1) .,. 3(0.2) + 4(().2) = 2

1'(.1'1 = 01f(0) - 1 ~ /(11 + 21/!2) + 31/t3l + 4 2/<4>- s:

- 0(().2)

3-49.

1(0.2) I 4(0.2) 9(0.2) t I (i(D.2) 21 - 2

Dcrcnnio:: E()() nnd V(X) (Qr r.Jndom vro~lt inc:<crcisc 31 S

Jl = (,\') = - 2 {(- 2) - 1/(- 1) + 0/(0) - 1/(1)- 2/(2)
I '( X)

2(118) 1(2/ K)

0(21 8) t-1(2/ R)+ 2(1/l\) -0

-2:/(-2) - 1~ j'(- 1) + 0~/(0) + 11/( I H 21Jm - 1'~

= 4(1 / 8) + 1(2/8) + 0(2 / 8)+ 1(218} +

.1.5 I.

M~Jll Md

4(118) - 01 = I.S

umncc liltc.(ereisc 3-1?

1' = I:( X ) = 0/(0) - 1/ll) - 2j'(2) - 3/13) - 4J'(4)

=0(0.1);) - 1(0.12) - 2(0.2) - 3(0.28J - -!(036) = 2.8
1'(,\')- (1 1 /(0)

I' {(I)

2 1 ((2) + J 1 /(3} + 4 1 /(4)

Jll

- 0(0.04) ... 1(0.12) .,. 1(0.2) 9(0.28) - 16(0.36) 2.8' - 1.36

353.

Mc:m nnd vurimcc ~ r.on~m vuri:>blc in cxcrci.<c: 3-IIJ

,, = E(X) - 0,{(0) - 1((1)- 2/(2)
- 0(0.033) + 1(0.36-1) + 2(0.603)

- 1.57
I ' /(I) 2 1 {(2) 1o1
- 0(0.033} "' I(OJ6<1) t4(0.603) - 1.57'

I'( X) -Ol/(0)

= 0.3 111

355.

Oetcmoinc ' wlwn: roU1< i>(O. 1.2. 3. x);:md m..-.on IS 6.

11 =

<X) = 6 = 0/lOi - 1/(1)- 2/(2)-'- 3/(3l+ 4(x)

6 - ()(0.2) + 11(1.2) - 2(0.2) - 3(0.2) .,. .r(0.2)

6= 1.2 +0.2.<
4.K - 0.2.<

X= 24
3Si.

X - numbcrarcDmj)utcrs tloat vulc lor, kn roll wl:.:n o risht rull i>"''I"""P<i:r!c.

I' E(X) otlO) + I Qt) + 2!l2) + 3 Q:l)HO ~l
0.0003999 * zs9991o~ 33.99961 ou +

=o

-tao= o.oo().:

s
VI X) = :[ f(x1).x1 1)' - 0 000399!16
i I

359.

(a)

I'

E(XJ =

Sde-:1>: X

(\X)

43

,.
_,

4.

4,l

0.43
1).44

II.~

0.04

130

o.os

0.01

Tr3u5o:rhon

Fn:qucn<)'

Ncwardcr

Plyment
Ordc1 status
llei i\'<IY

Stock IC\-cl
TO(., I

100

0,.;3 + 4.20.# - IIAO.().I + 1~"0.05 + 0<0.(); = 18 694

s
VfX) = :[f<c,X.<- ttl 2 - ?JS.%4 u = ,(V(Xl = 27.1287

(lo)

Trnnsocaioo
Nc~> otdcr
l'.l)'ll)CRl

On.kr $1::t1Js
Oc:livcry

f'n:quc1~

43
41
4
4

Toanl

100

Vf X) -

IIA I 0.6 - 12
I~ + 12(1 + I() '21Yl
oq = 1

~'klc\'CI

11 = E(X)

All O(X'f'JtiC41: X
23 - 11 + 12 = 46
4.2 t 3 -t I - 0.6 - 8.8

jp()

OAJ

0.4-1
0.01

1).05
0.04

=460.43+ 8.8"0.44 + 12"0.04 + 2000.05 -

t O.().I =31 .I 72

L' f(x, X. - tl)~ = 2947.9%

t I

'61 .

)J -

11(:\" )- I (0.038) ' 2(11. 102) 3(0.17!)

10(0.022) " I 5(0.020)

4(0.204) I 5(0. 174) < 6(0.124)

7(0.1A';) I 8(0.036) I 9(0.028)

= 4-SI)S b:lln
s
V(X) = L fi9.X
' I

3-63.

I' - t;(X)- 2.SS(0.370) + 2 18(0.003)

'

V( X) - L:l<x,X. - tl~
t I

976.2~

~ 3 17(0.426)

+ 23 1(0.045} ~ 267{0.1.SI) + 21i(0..00.S)- 28 1.S3

3~)1). a= 67.;. h = 7bO

a) p = f.(X) = {a ~b)/~= f>!q..;

V(X) =I(b-al) -tlft~=.;6.:t;

b) a= 7.;.b= tOO
~=

F.(X) = {a> bltj = 87~

V(X)=I(b-a .a. t) -tVt~=.;6.~

The f"ilngeohalncs is tlt.e ssme,soiltc mean shifts by t~ di ffereooe: in the "~-o minimums{or maximums) wlt.ereas tlbevariancedoes oot cJ!.ange.

3-71. TJ!.ern.ngeof\' isb . .;, 10 . .... 45, E{X) = {O ... 9)/~ = 4-5
E.(\') = O{l/ tO) .;{l/ tO) + ... + 45{1/ 10)

= .;IO(O.lh I(O.lh ... .... 9(0.1)1

= sE!Xl
= .;(4S)
= ~2..;
~
V{X) = 8.2._;., V(\') = 5 { 82.5) = ~062..;.<7>r = 14,36

375 A binomial distribt:tion is based on indepe:rrlent trials '\ith 1'\.,.o ot:toomt'SaDda oonstant probabilityofSll.OC('S.Soneaeh trial
a) reasonable
b) iodependmoeassu.mption not reasonable
e) Tlt.e proba biJityt~.s t thesooond:oompoocnt failsdi:pendson the failure timeoft~.e first oompon.."'nt. The binomial distribution is not
reasonable.
d) not independent trials withoonstant probability
e) probabilityofa oorrtttsnswcr notoonstant

0 reasonable
g) probabilityoffinding a defect not oonstant

1\) lff.l!.e fiiJsare independent with: a oonstant proOObilityofan und-erfill. then the bioomial distrib1:tion for the m:mbcr packages u:nderfi!IOO

is reasonable.
i) Becauscoft.J!.e hursts.eaebtrial (that ooosistsofsending a bit) is not iOOependent.

j) not i ndependent triaJs withoomtant probabilit)

$n .

{ a) P{X ;) = 0.9298

{b) P(X > 8) = o

{e) f'(X = 4) = o.<m~

{d) P(s :: X s 7) = 1- o .~ = 0.0016

P(X= 5) =[ 1~]0.01 5 (0.99/ = 2.40x lo- s

b) P(X

~ 2) = [10 Jo.OI0(0.99)10 +[1 ~ ]o.o 11(0.99)9 +[1; Jo.o 12(0.99)8 = 0.9999

cl

P( X > 9) = [I; ]0.0 19 (0.99) 1 +

dl

P(3

[~ ~]0.0 110(0.99)0 = 9.9 1x Io- 18

~X< 5) = [ 13 ]o.Oi\0.99)

+[1: ]0.0 1 (0.99) = 1.1 38x Io-

4

Binomal (10.0.01)
0.9
0 .&

0.7
~ 0.6
0
.Q

Q.

0.5

0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1

0.0
0

P{X = O) = 0 .()04. P(X = 1) = 0 .091, F(X = 2) = 0 .004. f'(X = 3) = o . P(X = 4) = o

Oistribt:tion i ss.kt!'\~ro,,;th /';.(X)= np = lO(O.Ol) = 0 .1

a) TJ!..emost-!ikely\'alceofXiso.
b)

n.c lea.st-likelyva.ltlCofXis H).

aOOsoforth.

&

10

f(O) =

0
x<O
0.4219 O~x< l
F(x) = 0.8438 l <x<2
0.9844 2<x<3
3 :s; x

where

3[~]4 = ~
64

/(1)= 3l~Jl~r =~:

f(2)=3l~H~l= :4
?

/(3) =

[~]3
= -'
4
64

385.

lcl X ll>."f)(lt<: 111< munb.:1ut"liu>t:S the I~ isoccupi.oJ.

Thro. X h"s " hinomiol dis1ribU1~n whh n- 10 and p = 0.4

~)

1
P(X - J) -( ;

b)

Lei Z &:nocc 1hc: n11mbcr ofl inlC 1hc: line i<t'OT oc:cupioOO. Then Z ha<n binomi.:ol di&1ril1111ion with n = I0

10..11(0.6)1 -D.liS

nnd p 0.1). P(7. 2 1)- I P(7. -0) - I

Cj

3-87.

3-89.

~~~D.f,!\1..1 10 -().999!).

&{X) = 1(1(0.4\ = 4

Le1 X lknote tbc n11mbcr of toomings the light is {tl'(ell

a)

/~X = I)= [~r.2'o.8' = 0.410

bl

P<X =4l =[~0]o.2~.S.. = 0.218

c)

P(X > J ) - I P(X < 4) - I 0-630 - 0.370

::.)
b)
c)

n - ~0.

p - 0.6122.

I'( X a: I ) =
I'(X ~ J) J.l l:(:\') V(X)

I -I'(X = 0) = I
I - P(X < 3) - 0.999997
np - 200.6122 - 12.244

=np( l - p)" 4.7-IS

a= Jvc:<t = 2 179
391.

u)

Dtnombl d i:lt."''blll>On. p - I0'1.16- 4.59394E - 06, n - I EOO

b)

P<X ~ O) = [~1'09 k0 (1 -pl'"~ - o

c)

393.

p ll(X) - np - IEW'OAS9391l- 06 - 4593.9

V(X) = np( I - p) = 4$9'3.9

Let X dwocc tbc J!O.SS<I'S<:I'S with ticket~ thottlo not show up fll<' the lliafu.

Thro, X i$ binontinl with n - 12S and p- 0.1.

a1

P{X > S) = I - P (.\' < 4)

=1-[[I~S r.l0(0.9)1l! -r ('~S r.l 1 {o.9)1 ~ .,.li~S Jo.I! (0.9)tll = 0.996

I~SJO.I 1 (0.9)t!! - [I ~5 ~0.1' f0.9)1! 1

395.

P(kngllrtf '")" < 4) - 0.516

al

Let A' denote d~e tlll<ltber o l'pooplc (out offh cl Utili w:~illels tb:ln or equsl l<l4 hours.

Ho.s 16) (0..184)' = o. t42

1

P = (oV = IJ = [
b)

Let Ndcoote tbc ntnbcro fpooplc (out of lil'l:) thot

P

c)

(N - 21

[ ](0.4S4)1(0.S 1(1) 1 - (l.J22

let N d<noto ""' number o f p'<IJ'Ic (out ofliw) thttt '"'" mu"' th:m 4 houn..
I'(N ;> I) = 1- /'(.V = 0)

J-<)7.

wnn more than 4 1wu~.

=1- [~](0.516)J(0.48~)0 = 0.963

/'(chon[;>'< .;,lays) = 0.3. Let ,'( - ntlll1bcr ofdte

IOcltnn~

mode in less thnn 4 dnys.

~~~(0.3) 7(0.7)) =0.009

31

P<X = 7) = [

b)

/'(X< 21 = /'(X = 0) ...)(10 = mmtber <lf clrong~J rm:rdi!i11~SS 11Htll 4 tf/l,t$.

1
1
0
_ [ Jco.J)o(0.7l'o ... [ \ Jco.JJ'co.TJ + ( :

)<o.3>1(0.7J'

= 0.028 +0. 121 - 0.2~3 =0.382

399.

P<X ?. ll = 1- P<X =OI = 1- [;jco.3l0(0.7l 10 =1

oms = O.?n

d)

E<Xl = rp =10(0..3) = 3

3)

/'(X = 1)= (1 - 0.5)00..5 : 0.5

bl

/'(.\' = -t) = 11- 0..SI)O..s = os' = 0.06!.5

c)

P(X

d)

I'( X ~ 2) = P(X = I) + P(X = 2) = (I - 0.S) 00.H(I - 0.S) 10.S

el

- 0.) 0.~ 1 - 0.7'

I '( X > 2) - 1- P(X < 2) - 1- 0.15 - 025

=81 = (I- 0..51'o.s =o.s' =0.0039

310 1.

Ut X ~:nc~~e lh<! nuntbct of IJ'i)1s II> obtain the iitst JUC\.'\.'SS.

3) E<Xl - 111:1.2 ... S
b) Occm~ of the 131:k (Ifmemory proll<fly,thc C<Jl<Cicd ''~luc isstill S.

31 0.>.

l.e1 X denote the number of ni.Jis It> cbmin the f~1 ~sli l lllignmem.
T111:n X is:. ~<<>n~tric r.uxlom vurilbl..: wltb p - O.K

4) = ti - O.s1>o.s = 0.2'<l.s = 0.01)64

3)

I'( X =

b)

P(X S 4) = I'(X = I) + PiX = 2) + P(X = ll - PIX = 4)

- ( I II.H)0 0.l! ... {I 0.8)10.8 + ( I 0.8) 10.8 + (I 0 .8)'0.8

= o.s - 0.2(0.SJ - o.2~<0.S> - o.2'o.s = o.99S4

c)

/'(X ~ 41 = 1- /'(X

S J) = 1- [/'IX = 1) - I'(X = 2) - I'(X = 3))

= 1- [(1- 0.8)0 0.8 .1. (1 - 0.81 10.8 - (1 - 0.8)?0.8)

= 1- [0.8 - 0.2(0.8) + 0.2(0.81)= 1- 0.992 = 0.008

.l-105.

let X &:note the nurnbcr uf <:.>lll r=ltl tuabtaio conn<'l:tion.

il~t'fl. X is~ ~,'\)nlC:Iric 13ndom urilblc w~h p 0.02.
a)

/'(.\" = 10) = (1 - 0.02)9 0.02 = 0.98'>o.02 = 0.0167

h)

P(.Y > 5>

l PIX s > l [!'(.\'

ll1f'fX

2)+ I'{ X

3h Pt.\'

41

PrX

; >)

- l- [0.02 + 0.98(0.0!1- 0.98' t0.02) - 0.98 110.02) - 0.981(0.0!1- 0.98' {0.02)) I 0 00}61 0,9039
Mnr nlso usc: the r...:t thnt I'( X > 5) is the probobilirr or no oonnoctioBS in S tri.lls. Thnr is.
P(X >

e)

3-1 07.

S) - [~ Jo.D20o.9ll'

O.!XH9

Et X)- 1/(1.02 - S()

p 0.13
(a)

P(X - I ) - ( I -0. 13),. 1"0.13 - 0.13.

(b) P(X - 3) - ( I - 0.13)"' "0.13 - 0.098

(~) 11 E(X1 - lip - 7.69 .:8
.!109.

p - 0.005 . r - 8

u)

!'(X - 8) - 0.00.S 1 - J .91.YIO ~

b)

1 - (.\') -

e)

Mcnn nurnbcrol'dn~ until oilS compuiC!l lilil. NQw we usc- p 3.91xl0'"

p - Etl') -

.l I I I.

- 200

dn~

I
- 2..5{i:c10 1" d3)'S or 7.01 xiO" ) ~GB
3.91.<10 .,

Lc1 X denote the numhcrof tmn;nctilliU until oil oompnlrn< ""'"' foiled.
Then. X is ucg;stnc binomial ~n.Wm '""inble wsth p - II) and t - 3.

al
b)

3113.

O.O{)S

E<XJ = h 10
V(X) - [3( 1-10"0)1( 10' 1' ) - 3.0 X 10 10

1\'tl;olit- binomia.l l':lndOOl \':iti;Jbio::

0~: p. f) -

[; - : l(l -

pt ' p' .

When t - l.lhis tcdttl'e>IO 1\x) - (1- l>l'''p. "llO.'h is lhe pd(ofs g'"'"IC:I' ~ t.111d0111 v:lriloblc.
Also, E(X) = rfpand V(X') = Jrt I - p) Jip' reduce 10 EIX) = 1/p noo VO() = (I - p)'p', respectively.
3- I IS.

ul

Pmbnbilit~

th>t color jl<'intc> will he di.ooUOlt< - 1/ 10 - 0.()1

= (.1') =.!.. = _!_ = 10

p

0.10

cbys

b)

/'(.\' = I0) = 0.90. I = 0.039

cl

l:M'k of tncnlOt}' pn>pcrty implk:s lito answ1.-r '"~"als /'(.\" - 10) - 0.90.1 - 0.039

d)

/'(.\' :;3) - /'(.\' ,. J) ~ /'(.1' - 2) + 1'(.\'

1) - 0.9 10.1 + 0.9'0.1+0. 1 - 0.171

310

H23.

N-300
(u) K - 243, n = ~. I'(X = I) - M S7
th>

l'(:n I ) -

0.9934

K - 26 + 13 - 39. I'(X - I) - 0.297

(d) K = 300 - IS = 2S2
l'(X 2: I ) 0.999$
(c)

31:!5.

Lei X &:no: lhc uumb.:r uf bblcs in 11>.: .!ample LimI '"'' dull.
~)
1"(.\';::: I) = 1- P<.I' = 0)

10~38]

P(X - 0) -

1TsfJ
k
[sj
0

5 -

38!

Wij - 38!43! - 0.29Jl

IS!
s r4J!

48!33!

I'( X ;::: I) = I - I"( X = 0) = 0.70

b)

I.e I Y dcnoec lhc numbcr of I}Q~-. necxlcd to rcpbc-c rho .U>C'mbly .

P(Y - 3)- 0.29:0 I'(O.i'<l69l - 0.0607

c)

On the fir>1d:.y. J"(X - 0) =

On 1hesocood d;ly, /'{.\' = 0) =

[~]~~~ ~
~3]

[5

[6]14
2)
0 5
4~1

[$

= 46 1431 = OSOO$
~K !
4K!4l!

5!43!

42 '

= 5!;\i ! = .tli 4J! = 0.49&S

4~

48!37!

S!4J!

On the third''")'. P(X - 0)- 0.2?31 fmm p>:1n). Thc:n:fol<'.

P(Y

3-127.

~)

0.8005(0.4%8)(1 - 0.2931) - 0..281 1.

3)

h)

31 2

4 ! = (1.19.54

e- 4 48
8!

d) 1\:X = 8) =
~-l~l.

= 0 .0><)8

-X

=O.o.;.Tit.ereforc,i.= -ln(o.o.;) = a.9!)6.

P(X=O)=e

Cons-equ-ently. F..(X) = V(X) = 2.'%.

-x,A xf X!

31l3. i. = 1. Poissondistribntion. flx) = e

{a ) P(X ~

:H = cU64

-X

{b) [nordtr that P(X ~ 1) = 1-F(X = 0) = 1- e

f:Xettd0 .95. we D00). = J .

Tlt..."l'dore 316 = 48Cii.bic light )l'-Stsofspace mll:St besmdied.

313,5. {a) i.= 0 .61. P{X ~ 1) = 0 4566

(b) i.= 0 .61.; = 3.0.;, P(X = 0 ) = 0 .047.

3137 a )

E(X)=

A =O.~errorsper testar-ea
- 0?0'

bl

P(X<2) = e- 02 + e ; , -

- 0.2(0 ?)2

+e

= 0.9989

21

99.89%oftest areas

31;3'!). a) let Xdcootc tf.e nu.mber of fla ws in 10 square fed ofplastic_panel.

Tttn.Xisa Pfii~nl'ilndom vatiah!ewithA= o .:;.
.
~o..,
R.X = O) = e
= o .f>06.;
b) l.etY denote tt.enumber ofcats with no flaws,

1\Y = 101=

10}
(10

10
0
o.GoG;l <o.:m.;l = o.ooG?

c) let W dcoote the number ofcars '~itbsu:rfaoe fl aws. &::a use tJt.e number offlaws has a Poissondistribt:tion, ilie()()tl!rrcnce.;ofs-u.rface
fla,,-s iocarsare i.ndependent ~ts withoomtant probability. From part (a). the probabilitya car cootaimsurface fJa,~-s is 1 - O.fJ06.; =
0,39j,.;. Conseqnently, Wis bioomial ,,;thn = 10 a.ndp = 0,393..;.
Jl:W = ()) =

/{IV= 1) =

1Q0]
[

0
10
(O.J935) {0.606.;) ::0.0067

IOJ
1
9
[ I (0:)935) {O.f>06;) = 0.0437

~tv:; 1) = 0 .006] -0.0437 = 0 .0.;04

3-141. a)

RX ~ 2)= 1-IJ\X=O).a.

e-0250.250 + , - 0.250.25'

RX= 1))::1-

0!

I!

= 0 :0~6

b) A=o.~~= 1!!5 p;."'l' fhedays

= 0 .~87

It\'=())= e

c) IU's::!)=lt\'=0)"-1\X=l)-lt\'=::!)

= , -1 25

-1.25

+e

1.
I!

25

+"

-1.25

252

I.

0.868

2!

E( X) =-+-- +-1[1]1[1]
3[ 1] =-I ,
83

4 3

83

:):145. a) n = .;o. p = .;j .;o = O.!.since E.(X) =.; = op

bl P(X
c)

s; 2) =

P(X > 49) =

~)0. 1(0.9)
[

50

+[ 1 Jo.l1(0.9)49 + [ 2 Jo.12 (0.9) 48 = o. 112

!~ ]0. 14\0.9)1 +[~~]0.150(0.9)0 = 4.5 1X 10-48

3147.

(al

(O.S)1l -0.0002H

Cbl c~lco.s>cos) 0.2256

(c)

c; 2(0.S))(tMl 1 ~ c;_:(o,<)~CO.~)~ = I)A 1&>

31-19.

l<:t X t!.mutc lhc numbt:t ol'n"IOmir~s nL..,.I<il toobt:un. s rec:n ligln.

1 hro X i>a jlcOOu.'lric r.tlldorn oroble with p - 0.20.
a) PCX = 4)=(1 0.2)"0.2 =Q, IOZ4
b) Oy in~epcntkn.-c. (O.S)"'- 0.1074. (,\I so. P(X ,. 10) - 0.1074)

,;.1 5 1.

Let X llroote the nwnber of rills ncc&.-d to detect thn:e tmcltl\\c~ht iX!clc~~ScS.
Then, X i rtqyrth'C birl(lmial mndom \'orinhlc with p -0.001 nnd r 3.
3)
E(X) .1,-0.00 I 3000
b) V{X) =(3(0.999)11).001' 1= 29'>1000. TherefOre, a, =1131.18

\ .I S3.

(a)

). - 6"U.5 3.
P(X - 0}- 0.0~9~

Cb) I'(X <! Jl - 0..5768

(c) P(X :;x) ~ 0.9.x = 5
{d)

3-1 SS.

a' - I. -

6. Nut appruojui:lle.

Let X llroote lht: number of c.'lls thot ~rc nnswcrcd in 30 sct'Oflds or lc!S.
Then, Xi, binomiol r~<>m ' .ui:>hlc w~h p - 0.75.

~)

PCX -

b)

r(X ~ 1 6) - r(X - 16) t

9)-[';](0.75) (0.25)
0

=[

0.1877

P(X - 17) P(X - ll!) I'(X - 19) 1 P(X - 20)

~ J(0.7s)'co.2s>' - [~~)<o.m'7(0.25)1 + ( ~~~(0.7s>" (0.2s1 2

+(20]c0.7S)t (0.25)
9

19

c)

3157.

J;(X) - 20(0./S)

... (

20
](0.75)!0 (1).25)0 = 0.4148
2!)

15

Lct w d..>noW 1he nwnbcr of calls noedcd to ol>toit1 two answers in le;s tllsn 3() seconds.
Then. \II h11s ncp:h-e bill<" ni:tl di<trib<lli(Jn wi1h p 0.75.

~)

P(W - 6) -

~~1(0.25)'(0.75)1- 0.0 11 0

h)

E(W)- rip - 2.'0.75 - 813

31 .S9.

X is o l'k~ oti1e binomill wilh r - 4 aud p MOO I

6<1() r l t> 4 /Q.aOO I 4001)0 n.'quelti

31 61.

l..ct X llroote the number of iOOiviJ:luals that rero1-cr in coe 11eek. Assume tbe itX!ividuals 31"< ind::pcndem.
Tl"'tl X is 11 binomial random ari:oblc with n - 20 Md p- 0.1.
P(X <: 4)- I - I'( X:; 1)- I -0.~70-1). 1 3 '1).

316.'.

Let X ~:note !hi: nurnbi:r llf:dS<:mblk:i ne<xlcd hH btain S dcfcctivi.'S.

Thm, X i~ ,, no:gMi\'C birl'.'minl mnoom W(f"inblc ,vjth p - (),0 I ru>d r ~ S.
a)
b)

E(X) - rip - 500.

Vi X) (S 0.99)"0.0 1' - -19500 ao:J

a,- 222.49

316.'i.

Rcquiretll) f\2)H(J) + ti4J = I. Tha:reforc.c( l +2 + 3 + 4) = 1.

l -1 67.

fvlO) (O. IXO. i) -

Thm:f~, c = O. I.

(0.3)(0.3) - 0.16

fv!ll - (0.1;(0. 7) + (0..1)(0.3) - 0. 19

1.\ (2) =(0.2):0. 7) + (0.2)'0.3) =0.20

}~(3) = <0AX0.7) + (0. 1)(0 3 ) =

O.JI

l ,v<4l =(0.2X0.7)-r (0)(0.31 =0.14

31 ~.

f(x)

3171.

5.1

t>-5

s.s

0.3

().l

0.~

let X ~note the number of <ITO~ in a ,.,.;terr. lhcn. X

al
b)

3113.

2
0.2

o)

is Poisson r:ul4lom \":uiablc with >. - 0 .32768.

P(X > 1) - 1- l'(XSII - 1- """",..-e_,..,,...I0.32768) - 0.()433

Let Y d<oor.c the number of =tors tullil on cm~r is fo111td.
Then. Y i!'.~mctr"' mndom v:uuhle and P - P(X l! I) I - P(X - 0) - I - c 4
EtY) - lip- 3.58
llypc~ctric

(0)

J,y

~s~.;;s]
6.0164/110 - 0 2''7

['~)

rnndom l'nrioblc with N 500. n S, ond K

2.SS24El l

m
][ns)
l

m
I

.!

--~

1 25t8. 1~5SES) - 0-'?

71

!.SS2SI!I I

115 [37S
2
' _ nSOt$71 88751 _ .
0 2647
s~
2.5s24cl l

!,.(2) -

12S
[

1375

l (JJ _ J 2 _ J I7750<10I25l - o.osn

.v
e~
2.SS2~ EI I

1
f

.\

(I) =

51
[12SII3'
4
I = %913iS(;liS) :
rs~l

O.J1 4 Z4

2.55241 1

316

=125

.,..,._

0.!1',14

ISl =
.v

12S][37Sl

s o
f~ J

= 2.3.4538 = o.ooo<n

2..m.w 1

b)

2
J
s
0.0546 0.1866 0.2837 0.2S28 0.1 463 0.15N
()

11~)

7
0.0 155 0.0028

10

0.0003

0.0000 0.1000

3-1 75.

Lc11 dcno<c nn in.tcrval ofcimc in hours God Icc X denote the number of mes~ thai nrrh'C in tinlC t
Then. X i~ n Poi!SOn r.>noom v.vioblc w~h ~. - IOt.
Tl~en. P(X - 0) - 0.9 nnd c 11' - 0.9. n:>uhll'l!; in 1- 0.010.$ hour.l - 37.8 ><eondi

~-1 77.

The binotni:!.l disu ibutiM

P(X - x)-

{ n!

p'(l- p)""

r! n- r)!
Tltc pt~ility oflttt <''1.'111 c-.ltlllc ~fl'I\'SScd 3.1 p /Jn 30d chc prolldbilicy mass function cnn be \\Tiucn 35:
t

I'(X = x) =

(" )
r!JJ - r!

li.ln J'II - Ihlnlr

P(X _ x) n ><.(n - l)x( n - 1)x( n - 3)...... x(n - ~ I)

,L (I - (i./ll)yx!

11'

Now we can n:-<:.~pl'I.'SS a5:

(1 - (Un)I~' - (1 - (:Vn)rii - (:Vn)l"

In the limicns n -+""

n x(n

l}x(n

2}x(n

J}...... x(n

x 1) "I.

n'

As n -+ me limit of( I - (:Vn)t': I

;\I~. we know tho1t o.s n .-.

Thu~,

P(X X}

'

-A .: ~

x!

Tlte Jistnbulion ofllle pruiXLbility a5SO<'Ioted with this IM'IXC!S Is kn<l\\n a> II>? l'oill'(Jn disttibuti.m :md we can

.::<pn:ss chc prob<lbilil)l mnss 1\lnccion ns.

e ">.'
nx) - :......:.:._
x!

317

3-li'J.

E(X) = I( + tu - 1)-. . - b)b - u + II

tt-E~

_ ot

l l>(h + l) _ (n - l )ax.

I I

1.
n 4 1) -

a IJ

(b' - u + h- al
>

'

=l (b+ n;(l> - a .. IJ I ~b-a- 1)

(b a + l)
2

V'

(b - a)

l:tl
l:!;-;1 I
b

V( X)

= -"'."----

"'

(II - a - lXII - a)

' ,

(b I n)1_j I

h- a- l
1> - u - l
= b(b + 1)(2b + I) _ (a - l)o(2<t - I) - (f> - a)l b(b - 1)- (a
6

-1)ol.

(b - o - l}(b - a)

b- a+ l

= (/> -

o - 1)'' - I

12

3-181.

Let X - Mrtlbo' of~SCOS''fS with tJ n:s..-n'-"<1 seat "'ho arriw til !he Oi~t.
11 = num~ of sc-..u m<:f''nti<tM. p = probability thO! a tickctro ~~cr oni"~ fort he flight
l In lhi pgrt wedctcnninc n >u:h th:u P(X ~ 120} <: 0.9. lly tc~inl\ lorn in Minibb the minimum v:tluc i<
II - 131.
b) In Ibis jlQlt "cdet,rminc nso<h that I' (X> 120) S 0.10 whi~h i><-quha~tlll(>
l - l'(X!: 1201 sO.IO Qr0.91)s P(X!: 120).
ll)' tcstin~ f<1r 11 in Millitob the :K}hll ion is n - 12J.
c) One po;:iibk '''"""'' ~llows. lfthc airlmc il ml>it ~'<lnc'\.-mtxl with losin;g cu;uorn<r.l Juc toowr-bool:i'lf!.
thcysb:lu1dotii)' Scll1 23 tO:-kctS for dtis Oight. The probOOility o>fo,~r-bookins is lhcn31 rn051 10%. Ifthe
~itlinc i~ m<J<~t ~~>."eJl'led " 'ith
!I~ lill flight, tl>ey soorrld ~11 IJ I tickots for this flisht. The chnl).'(:
the tltght is full i~ tl:cn :11 h::1)1.90~\. ~t c:dC1Jl:.tticans ;,U,.umc custonrrs: ::~ni\.c intkpc:nl.kntly on:.t group~
ot' 1"-"'Ple INI ani\ e (Of d~ no>l :liTh e) tO{;ct1.cr tb r lr3\'l!l make the On:ll}'Sis more cocnplbtl'<l.

"'"'in

3-18'.

lfll.,lr>t >i7e i< sm.>l~ tmufthc lnl mi!!fll he in>Unicic.'nt rodetoxt oonconfonn ing pn>duo::t. For exumplc. if the
lot ,.ir.c ES 10. lhcn n );,Ullpli: cat' >-izc one has~~ probability or cmly<t2 of dclccling ~ nnnoont(nmins prot,luct in ~

lot lh:11 is 2~ u.c.ln..-onfb:rning..

If the 11)1 si~eC i:s wgc. 10% of the lol migll4 be a IOfl.!CI' 511<nple ~zc th<ln is pmctic-~1 or nc:!Snry For tlUIIllrk.
if the 1<11$Ux: i> 5000, then u $nmplc: ofSOO i:s rcqlliml. FI.W1hcnnOCX', lh: l>in<>minl "'J[X'I>imation to tile
lryperscoorcuk disuibutiun,..n b.: used lo >lrw the IOll"wmg. lfS% oftl"' loe o!'sw.> SOOt> is rwnCl'011IOtnung.
then th: probability ofuw oonconfi)Rl1 in~ [X'I)du..'ls in th: Mmple i:s (lf)proximntely 7 x 10 r: . U$int; a somple of
1<10. the """"' pmbobility is ~ill only 0.0059. The >.>mplc of s ir.c 5()() might be mucl> IUIJ~c:r lh>n is ncxxJciJ,

3185.

Ltl X &.-oote the nurnbcr l)f rolls 1H\XIU<'I:d.

lti:\'C'lruc :tl c"ch demand

!.!
0<

~ ::; 1000

.1.00!!

2@1

'l(lf.O

O.OSx

0.3x
O.h
0.3x
rn..'31l profit - 0.0Sx(0.3) + 0.3x(O.7)- O.h
().OS.
IOOO ~ x ~ ~00
O.J( I(XI(I} "- O.OS(x - l(l(lO) I 0.~..
0.3x
me<~~~ J)fofit - 0.05(0. ,) + ((1.3( 1000) + O.flS(x - 1000)1(0.2) + 0 3x(0.5)- O.lx
2000 :S: X $ ;1000
0.05x 0.3(1000) .. 0.05(~ - I000) .I 0.3(2000) + O.OS(x - 2000)
0.3x
mean profit - 0.0Sx(0.3} [0..1( 1000)+0.0S(x- I000)~0.2) + [0.3(2000)
+ Q,QS(x - 2000))(0.3} + 1)3x(0.l) - O.lx
0J(2000) +
0..1(3000) ~
3000 sx
O.OSx 0.3(1000) ..
(I.OS(x - I(l(lO)
O.OS(x - 2000)
0.05(:< - 3000)
"''""' prolit - O!ISx(O.J) + (0.3( IOIXI) 0 .05(x - IOOO)K0.2) + (0.3(2000) I O.OS(x - 2000)}(1.3
+ [0.31.1000) + O.OS(x- 3000))().2- O.b

Pmfd

M:tx. pn>lir

0 :;:: ~ :;:: I000

JOOO < s ~oo

0.12S x

2000 $ X $ 3000

200

3000 $ X

-O.Oh + 350

S 125 nt" - 1000

S200 ot x 2000
.Sl()l) fit X = J000
S...'l()O mx - 3000

O.o?Sx + SO

Tire b>k<rye:m malt.: ;:mywh<n: frum 2000 II> 3000 :md e:rm the !l:lmc pruliL

319