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Ovsf Codes

This document discusses code allocation strategies for assigning orthogonal variable spreading factor (OVSF) codes to users in a CDMA system. It proposes that codes should be allocated to minimize unavailable small spreading factor codes and maximize resource utilization. Two criteria for code allocation are utilization, defined as the ratio of assigned to overall bandwidth, and complexity, where allocating fewer codes reduces complexity. The objective is to support many users with high utilization and low complexity.

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183 views2 pages

Ovsf Codes

This document discusses code allocation strategies for assigning orthogonal variable spreading factor (OVSF) codes to users in a CDMA system. It proposes that codes should be allocated to minimize unavailable small spreading factor codes and maximize resource utilization. Two criteria for code allocation are utilization, defined as the ratio of assigned to overall bandwidth, and complexity, where allocating fewer codes reduces complexity. The objective is to support many users with high utilization and low complexity.

Uploaded by

Sheriff Lowe
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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TSG-RAN Working Group 2 (Radio layer 2 and Radio layer 3) TSGR2#6(99)821

Sophia Antipolis, France, 16 - 20 August 1999


Agenda Item:
Source: CCL/ITRI
Title: Daft Proposal for Code Allocation Strategy
Document for: Discussion and Decision/Information
_________________________________________________________________________________
1. Introduction
Code allocation deals with the problem how different codes are allocated to different
connections. The channelization codes used for spreading are Orthogonal Variable Spreading
Factor (OVSF) codes that preserve the orthogonality between a users physical channel [1].
The OVSF code is shown in Fig. 1. Each level in the code tree is described as C
SF,code number
,
where the spreading factor (SF) is ranging from 4 to 512 for the chip rate of 4.096 Mcps. A
code can be assigned to a UE if and only if no other code on the path from the specific code to
the root of the tree or in the sub-tree below the specific code is assigned.
Fig. 1 Code-tree for generation of Orthogonal Variable Spreading Factor (OVSF) codes
For example, a random assignment of large-SF codes to low data rate channels may
preclude a large number of small-SF codes. It inefficiently limits the number of remaining
codes that could be used by other users. On the contrary, it will be advantageous to assign
SF = 1 SF = 2 SF = 4
c
1,1
= (1)
c
2,1
= (1,1)
c
2,2
= (1,-1)
c
4,1
= (1,1,1,1)
c
4,2
= (1,1,-1,-1)
c
4,3
= (1,-1,1,-1)
c
4,4
= (1,-1,-1,1)
C
8,1
C
8,2
C
8,3
C
8,4
codes to low data rate users in such a way as to minimize the number of unavailable small-SF
codes. Moreover, it is expected to be advantageous to assign users operative at a particular
data rate to closely related codes so as to minimize the number of small-SF codes being
marked as unavailable. A proper code allocation algorithm is used to find the closely related
code to prevent the BS from running out of codes and to utilize the system resource
effectively. The so-called closely related code would be obtained via a code allocation
strategy according to the available codes of the BS and the capability of the UE.
2. Criteria for Code Allocation
In the application, different UEs may request for different types of services with different
transmission rates. Each UE may have the capability to use more than one code to support
different data rates. Therefore, the first criterion for code allocation is the utilization. The
utilization is defined as the ratio of assigned bandwidth and overall bandwidth. A code
allocation scheme that preserves more small-SF codes has a higher chance to provide a higher
utilization. For example, C
4,1
and (C
8,1
,C
8,3
) are the available codes of a BS resulting from two
different code allocation schemes. C
4,1
(which is equivalent to codes C
8,1
and C
8,2
) can support
a symbol rate up to 1024 kbps. (C
8,1
,C
8,3
) can also support the same symbol rate as C
4,1
does.
However, only C
4,1
can support the UE that requests for 1024 kbps symbol rate using only one
code (due to the capability of the handset). In this example, the former has more small-SF
codes than the latter, thus, it will result in a better utilization.
The second criterion is the complexity. The more codes are used, the complexity of the
system will be increased. In some cases, there are more than one way to meet the first
criterion mentioned above. For example, one UE can use either one code (C
4,1
) or two codes
(C
8,1
and C
8,2
) as the channelization codes. Under this situation, the code allocation scheme
that requires the least codes should be chosen.
3. Conclusion
OVSF codes are valuable resources in CDMA system. The objective of the code allocation is
to support as many users as possible with less complexity. Therefore, utilization and
complexity should be taken into account in the designing of a code allocation scheme.
4. Reference:
[1] 3GPP TS 25.213, v 2.1.0, Spreading and modulation (FDD), 1999-4.

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