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Notes C++

C++ has objects that communicate via methods. A class is a template that describes behaviors/states of its object type. Methods are behaviors, and instant variables give each object a unique state. A basic C++ program structure includes headers, namespaces, comments, main and return functions. It displays "Hello World" output. C++ variables have specific types like bool, char, int, float, double that determine memory size/layout and valid values. Variable names start with letters or underscores, and C++ is case-sensitive.

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53 views

Notes C++

C++ has objects that communicate via methods. A class is a template that describes behaviors/states of its object type. Methods are behaviors, and instant variables give each object a unique state. A basic C++ program structure includes headers, namespaces, comments, main and return functions. It displays "Hello World" output. C++ variables have specific types like bool, char, int, float, double that determine memory size/layout and valid values. Variable names start with letters or underscores, and C++ is case-sensitive.

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smit101
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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C++ Basic Syntax

When we consider a C++ program, it can be defined as a collection of objects that


communicate via invoking each other's methods. Let us now briefly look into what do
class, object, methods and instant variables mean.

Object - Objects have states and behaviors. Example: A dog has states - color,
name, breed as well as behaviors - wagging, barking, eating. An object is an instance
of a class.

Class - A class can be defined as a template/blueprint that describes the
behaviors/states that object of its type support.

Methods - A method is basically a behavior. A class can contain many methods. It is
in methods where the logics are written, data is manipulated and all the actions are
executed.

Instant Variables - Each object has its unique set of instant variables. An object's
state is created by the values assigned to these instant variables.


C++ Program Structure:

Let us look at a simple code that would print the words Hello World.
#include<iostream>
usingnamespace std;
// main() is where program execution begins.
int main()
{
cout <<"Hello World";// prints Hello World
return0;
}
Let us look various parts of the above program:

The C++ language defines several headers, which contain information that is either
necessary or useful to your program. For this program, the header <iostream> is
needed.

The line using namespace std; tells the compiler to use the std namespace.
Namespaces are a relatively recent addition to C++.
The next line // main() is where program execution begins. is a single-line
comment available in C++. Single-line comments begin with // and stop at the end of
the line.

The line int main() is the main function where program execution begins.


The next line cout << "This is my first C++ program."; causes the message "This is
my first C++ program" to be displayed on the screen.

The next line return 0; terminates main( )function and causes it to return the value 0
to the calling process .


Variable Types

A variable provides us with named storage that our programs can manipulate.
Each variable in C++ has a specific type, which determines the size and layout of
the variable's memory; the range of values that can be stored within that
memory; and the set of operations that can be applied to the variable.
The name of a variable can be composed of letters, digits, and the underscore
character. It must begin with either a letter or an underscore. Upper and
lowercase letters are distinct because C++ is case-sensitive:

Type Description
Bool Stores either value true or
false.

Char Typically a single octet(one
byte). This is an integer
type.

Int The most natural size of
integer for the machine.

Float A single-precision floating
point value.

Double A double-precision floating
point value.


Void Represents the absence of
type.

wchar_t


A wide character type.

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