DateAdd Function

Returns a date to which a specified time interval has been added.

DateAdd(interval, number, date)

 Arguments
interval
Required. String expression that is the interval you want to add. See Settings section for values.

number
Required. Numeric expression that is the number of interval you want to add. The numeric expression can either be
positive, for dates in the future, or negative, for dates in the past.

date
Required. Variant or literal representing the date to which interval is added.

 Settings
The interval argument can have the following values:
Setting Description

yyyy Year

q Quarter

m Month

y Day of year (same as Day)

d Day

w Weekday (same as Day)

ww Week

h Hour

n Minute

s Second
 Remarks
You can use the DateAdd function to add or subtract a specified time interval from a date. For example, you can use DateAdd to
calculate a date 30 days from today or a time 45 minutes from now. To add days to date, you can use Day of Year ("y"), Day
("d"), or Weekday ("w"). The DateAdd function won't return an invalid date. The following example adds one month to January
31:
NewDate = DateAdd("m", 1, "31-Jan-95")
In this case, DateAdd returns 28-Feb-95, not 31-Feb-95. If date is 31-Jan-96, it returns 29-Feb-96 because 1996 is a leap year.
If the calculated date would precede the year 100, an error occurs. If number isn't a Long value, it is rounded to the nearest
whole number before being evaluated.

Abs Function
Returns the absolute value of a number.

Abs(number)
 Remarks
The number argument can be any valid numeric expression. If number contains Null, Null is returned; if it is an uninitialized
variable, zero is returned. The absolute value of a number is its unsigned magnitude. For example, Abs(-1) and Abs(1) both
return 1.
The following example uses the Abs function to compute the absolute value of a number:
Dim MyNumber
MyNumber = Abs(50.3) ' Returns 50.3.
MyNumber = Abs(-50.3) ' Returns 50.3.

Asc Function
Returns the ANSI character code corresponding to the first letter in a string.

Asc(string)
 Remarks
The string argument is any valid string expression. If the string contains no characters, a run-time error occurs.
In the following example, Asc returns the ANSI character code of the first letter of each string:

Dim MyNumber
MyNumber = Asc("A") ' Returns 65.
MyNumber = Asc("a") ' Returns 97.
MyNumber = Asc("Apple") ' Returns 65.
The AscB function is used with byte data contained in a string. Instead of returning the character code for the first character,
AscB returns the first byte. AscW is provided for 32-bit platforms that use Unicode characters. It returns the Unicode (wide)
character code, thereby avoiding the conversion from Unicode to ANSI.

Atn Function
Returns the arctangent of a number.

Atn(number)
 Remarks
The number argument can be any valid numeric expression. The Atn function takes the ratio of two sides of a right triangle
(number) and returns the corresponding angle in radians. The ratio is the length of the side opposite the angle divided by the
length of the side adjacent to the angle. The range of the result is -pi /2 to pi/2 radians. To convert degrees to radians, multiply
degrees by pi/180. To convert radians to degrees, multiply radians by 180/pi.
The following example uses Atn to calculate the value of pi:

Dim pi
pi = 4 * Atn(1) ' Calculate the value of pi.
Atn is the inverse trigonometric function of Tan, which takes an angle as its argument and returns the ratio of two sides of a
right triangle. Do not confuse Atn with the cotangent, which is the simple inverse of a tangent (1/tangent).

CBool Function
Returns an expression that has been converted to a Variant of subtype Boolean.

CBool(expression)
 Remarks
The expression argument is any valid expression. If expression is zero, False is returned; otherwise, True is returned. If
expression can't be interpreted as a numeric value, a run-time error occurs. The following example uses the CBool function to
convert an expression to a Boolean. If the expression evaluates to a nonzero value, CBool returns True; otherwise, it returns
False.

Dim A, B, Check
A = 5: B = 5 ' Initialize variables.
Check = CBool(A = B) ' Check contains True.
A = 0 ' Define variable.
Check = CBool(A) ' Check contains False.
CByte Function
Returns an expression that has been converted to a Variant of subtype Byte.

CByte(expression)
 Remarks
The expression argument is any valid expression. Use the CByte function to provide conversions from any data type to a Byte
subtype. For example, CByte forces byte arithmetic when currency, single-precision, double-precision, or integer arithmetic would
normally occur. The CByte function uses the locale setting of your system to determine how to perform conversions. Different
decimal separators are properly recognized depending on the locale setting, as are different thousand separators. If expression lies
outside the acceptable range for the byte subtype, an error occurs.

The following example uses the CByte function to convert an expression to a byte:

Dim MyDouble, MyByte

MyDouble = 125.5678 ' MyDouble is a Double.
MyByte = CByte(MyDouble) ' MyByte contains 126.

CCur Function
Returns an expression that has been converted to a Variant of subtype Currency.

CCur(expression)
 Remarks
The expression argument is any valid expression. Use the CCur function to provide conversions from any data type to a Currency
subtype. For example, CCur forces currency arithmetic when integer arithmetic would normally occur.The CCur function uses the
locale setting of your system to determine how to perform conversions. Different decimal separators are properly recognized,
depending on the locale setting, as are different thousand separators.

The following example uses the CCur function to convert an expression to Currency:

Dim MyDouble, MyCurr

MyDouble = 543.214588 ' MyDouble is a Double.
MyCurr = CCur(MyDouble * 2) ' Convert result of MyDouble * 2 (1086.429176) to a
Currency (1086.4292).
CDate Function
Returns an expression that has been converted to a Variant of subtype Date.

CDate(date)
 Remarks
The date argument is any valid date expression.
Use the IsDate function to determine if date can be converted to a date or time. CDate recognizes date literals and time literals
as well as some numbers that fall within the range of acceptable dates. When converting a number to a date, the whole number
portion is converted to a date. Any fractional part of the number is converted to a time of day, starting at midnight. CDate
recognizes date formats according to the locale setting of your system. The correct order of day, month, and year may not be
determined if it is provided in a format other than one of the recognized date settings. In addition, a long date format is not
recognized if it also contains the day-of-the-week string.
The following example uses the CDate function to convert a string to a date. In general, hard coding dates and times as strings
(as shown in this example) is not recommended. Use date and time literals (such as #10/19/1962#, #4:45:23 PM#) instead.

MyDate = "October 19, 1962" ' Define date.

MyShortDate = CDate(MyDate) ' Convert to Date data type.
MyTime = "4:35:47 PM" ' Define time.
MyShortTime = CDate(MyTime) ' Convert to Date data type.
CDbl Function
Returns an expression that has been converted to a Variant of subtype Double.

CDbl(expression)
 Remarks
The expression argument is any valid expression. Use the CDbl function to provide conversions from any data type to a Double
subtype. For example, CDbl forces double-precision arithmetic when currency or integer arithmetic would normally occur.The
CDbl function uses the locale setting of your system to determine how to perform conversions. Different decimal separators are
properly recognized depending on the locale setting, as are different thousand separators.

This example uses the CDbl function to convert an expression to a Double.

Dim MyCurr, MyDouble

MyCurr = CCur(234.456784) ' MyCurr is a Currency (234.4568).
MyDouble = CDbl(MyCurr * 8.2 * 0.01) ' Convert result to a Double (19.2254576).
Chr Function
Returns the character associated with the specified ANSI character code.

Chr(charcode)
 Remarks
The charcode argument is a number that identifies a character. Numbers from 0 to 31 are the same as standard, nonprintable
ASCII codes. For example, Chr(10) returns a linefeed characterr. The following example uses the Chr function to return the
character associated with the specified character code:

Dim MyChar

' Returns A:
MyChar = Chr(65)
' Returns B:
MyChar = Chr(66)
' Returns Z:
MyChar = Chr(90)

' Returns a:
MyChar = Chr(97)
' Returns b:
MyChar = Chr(98)
' Returns z:
MyChar = Chr(122)

' Returns 0:
MyChar = Chr(48)
' Returns 1:
MyChar = Chr(49)
' Returns 9:
MyChar = Chr(57)

' Returns horizontal tab:

MyChar = Chr(9)
' Returns >:
MyChar = Chr(62)
' Returns %:
MyChar = Chr(37)
The ChrB function is used with byte data contained in a string. Instead of returning a character, which may be one or two
bytes, ChrB always returns a single byte. ChrW is provided for 32-bit platforms that use Unicode characters. Its argument
is a Unicode (wide) character code, thereby avoiding the conversion from ANSI to Unicode.