Controlling Interrupt Frequencies - Lecture

Controlling Timer Interrupt
Frequencies
Exploring the Basic Clock Module
system in order to determine how to
control timer frequencies
Goal of this Lecture
This supports Lab 2: Flashing LED using
interrupts.
You have seen existing code which performs
this. However, you dont know the exact
frequency of the flashing LED.
Recall the existing code.....
....a big problem is that this code must go to
low power mode before the LED flashes.
Sample LED Flash Code
#include <msp430x20x3.h>
void main(void)
{
WDTCTL = WDTPW + WDTHOLD; // Stop WDT
P1DIR |= 0x01; // P1.0 output
CCTL0 = CCIE; // CCR0 interrupt enabled
CCR0 = 50000;
TACTL = TASSEL_2 + MC_2; // SMCLK, contmode
_BIS_SR(LPM0_bits + GIE); // Enter LPM0 w/ interrupt
}
// Timer A0 interrupt service routine
#pragma vector=TIMERA0_VECTOR
__interrupt void Timer_A (void)
{
P1OUT ^= 0x01; // Toggle P1.0
CCR0 += 50000; // Add Offset to CCR0
}
This is a problem you do NOT want to go to low
power mode, but you DO need interrupts turned
on...see end of TIMER lecture.
No hard coded values. Use variables to
control the interrupt firing rate.
Should be encapsulated in an initialization
routine....like TIMER_init()
THE BIG QUESTI ON:
What time interval (frequency)
does 50,000 correspond to???
How Fast is 50,000 counts?
To appropriately control interrupt frequencies,
need to understand how the timer reload value
relates to actual time.
Question: 1 tick (or one count of reload
TACCR0) = ??? seconds
To understand this, need to understand the
clock sources and clock signals in the system
TACTL: Timer Control Register
From last lecture, recall that the timer must be
configured.
We use TASSELx to tell the processor which
internal clock signal we want to use to drive the
TIMER.
Default is the SMCLK Subsystem Master Clock
See next slide to show how this is configured ...
Users Guide pg 8-20
We must tell it we are using the
Subsystem Clock, SMCLK. This is #define
TASSEL_2 in header file.
Select Continuous Mode, 2.
#define MC_2
What is SMCLK and Where does it Come
From?
So now that we know SMCLK controls the timer
frequency, how do we know what SMCLK
frequency is?
Have to understand the basic clock subsystem.
Processor runs on external clock sources, and
produces internal clock signals. Everything runs
off the internal clock signals: ACLK, MCLK, and
SMCLK.
Basic Clock Module
Clock Sources
One DCO, internal digitally controlled oscillator (aka DCOCLK)
Generated on-chip RC-type, frequency controlled by SW + HW
Freq ~ 1.1MHz
One LF/XT oscillator
LF: 32768Hz
Clocks Signals Available from Clock Module:
ACLK auxiliary clock ACLK
MCLK main system clock MCLK
SMCLK sub main system clock USED FOR TIMERS
Why so many clock signals?
So user can choose higher frequency for fast response, and use
lower frequency to allow processor to go to sleep and/or
conserve power.
These clock
SOURCES are
used to create
these clock
SIGNALS
Clocks and Signals
SMCLK
Sub-System Clock
to peripherals
ACLK
Auxiliary Clock
to peripherals
MCLK
Main System Clock
to CPU
LFXT1CLK
XIN
XOUT
LFXT1 oscillator
Rosc
Digital Controlled Oscillator
DCO
DCOCLK
Clock
Distribution
100kHz - 5MHZ
LFXT2CLK
Aleksandar Milenkovic, CPE/EE 421 Microcomputers: The MSP430 System Architecture
See User Guide Figure 4-1 Basic Clock
Module+ Block Diagram (next page)
SMCLK sources the TIMER
interrupt. I t gets its frequency
from DCOCLK. So first, find out
frequency of DCOCLK.
DCO Digitally Controlled Oscillator
DCOCLK frequency controlled in SW by DCOx, MODx, and
RSELx bits
Lots of fine tuning of the frequency is possible
Default values: RSELx = 7, DCOx = 3 (we must confirm these)
DCO default frequency is 1 ~MHz
User Guide 4-7
DCOx
RSELx
Three critical parameters
for SMCLK:
RSELx, DCOx, and DIVSx.
We need to figure out
what these are.
This complicated figure
shows how the clock
signals (ACLK, MCLK,
SMCLK) are configured.
Many parameters allow
fine tuning.
Registers to Configure Clocks
We can find the values of each register from the debugger to see how the
clock subsystem is configured, so we can verify the TIMER timing.
What are RSELx, DCOx, and DIVSx?
These are the registers that configure the clocks. We will look at each one
of them individually to see where the critical parameters are located.
DCOCTL: Control Register for DCO
From debugger, DCOCTL = 0x60 = 0110 0000
Therefore, DCOx = 011 = 3
BCSCTL1: Clock Control Reg 1
BCSCTL1 = 0x87 = 1000 0111
Therefore, RELSx = 0111 = 7
BCSCTL2: Clock Control Reg 2
BCSCTL2 = 0x00 = 0000 0000
Therefore, SELS = 0 and DIVs = 0
So what did we learn?
DCOCLK is configured at approximately 1 MHz
(RELSs = 7 and DCOx = 3)
SMCLK is indeed controlled by DCOCLK (SELS = 0)
SMCLK runs at same frequency as DCLCLK (divider = 1)
(DIVSx = 0)
From User Guide 8.2, we know the timer/counter increments or
decrements on the rising edge of the clock signal.
If the clock signal is 1 MHz, rising edges are 1 MHz, which
corresponds to a time period of 1 usec.
Therefore, 1 count (aka 1 tick) = 1 usec
That means if you use a reload value TACCR0 = 50,000, then the
timer will fire every
50,000 ticks * (1 usec/tick) = 50,000 usec = .05 seconds.

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