Chapter 1 Computer Technology: Your Need To Know

TRUE/FA!E
1. Most people feel comfortable purchasing complex devices, such as cars, home theater systems, and
computers.
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$. !o ma%e an informed choice &hen purchasing a computer, you must %no& your preferences and
re'uirements, such as the application soft&are you plan to use and &hether you plan to discard or
upgrade the computer in a year or t&o.
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(. )arge computer systems and the soft&are that runs on them use more complex technology than smaller
ones do.
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*. +nder the +, an information system is built in a series of (, to -,&ee% repeated steps.
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-. #ach iteration of the + includes &hatever activities are needed to produce testable models or &or%ing
soft&are.
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.. !he mix of activities in each iteration of the + is tailored to each development pro/ect.
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0. #fforts in each discipline of the + are generally distributed across all of the iterations in the same &ay
for each pro/ect.
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1. "esponsibilities associated &ith specific /ob titles are generally consistent from organi2ation to
organi2ation.
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3. 4evelopers of application soft&are for technical areas, such as robotics, flight navigation, and
scientific instrumentation, typically have degrees in computer science or some branch of engineering.
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15. !he database administrator can be responsible for many tas%s other than operating and maintaining the
net&or%, including installing and maintaining end,user soft&are and assisting management in selecting
and ac'uiring soft&are and hard&are.
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11. 6y far, the most important of activity to %eep your %no&ledge current is ta%ing training courses from
hard&are and soft&are vendors.
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1$. 7onsolidation in periodical publishers has created large corporate families of technology,related 8eb
sites and publications.
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1(. 7ompetition prevents publishers from providing content and services that transcend a single paper
publication.
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1*. +nbiased information exists on the 8eb, and it9s generally easy to find.
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1-. #xpect to pay for unbiased information.
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1.. 8hen dealing &ith publicly accessible information sources, be sure to use information from several
unrelated sources to balance the biases of each source.
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10. Manufacturer 8eb sites are mainly mar%eting and customer support tools.
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11. :ard&are and soft&are manufacturers are in the business of providing unbiased information about
products.
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13. !he membership of the Association for ;nformation !echnology rofessionals <A;!= represents a
broad cross,section of the computer community including ;S managers and application developers.
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$5. !he membership of the A7M represents a broad cross,section of the computer community, including
hard&are and soft&are manufacturers, educators, researchers, ;! professionals, and students.
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"UT#$E C%&#CE
1. 8hen developing an information system, ;S professionals follo& a series of steps called a >>>>.
a. pro/ect life cycle c. pro/ect development life cycle
b. systems development life cycle d. service development life cycle
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$. !ypically, the first iteration or t&o of the + produces documentation and a >>>> system.
a. trial c. conceptual
b. alpha d. prototype
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(. ;n the +, related activities are grouped into + >>>>.
a. disciplines c. services
b. cycles d. practices
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*. Activities in the business modeling discipline and the >>>> discipline are primarily concerned &ith
building models of the organi2ation that &ill o&n and operate the system, models of the system9s
environment, and models of system and user re'uirements.
a. design c. re'uirements
b. modeling d. architectural
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-. !he >>>> discipline is the set of activities for determining the structure of a specific information
system that fulfills the system re'uirements.
a. design c. modeling
b. re'uirements d. architecture
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.. !he first set of design activities, called >>>> design, selects and describes the exact configuration of all
hard&are, net&or%, system soft&are, and application development tools to support system
development and operations.
a. reference c. system
b. architectural d. functional
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0. 8hen actual hard&are, net&or%, and system soft&are components are ac'uired and installed, they
ma%e up a<n= >>>> infrastructure for one or more information systems.
a. information assurance c. data services
b. information services d. information technology
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1. >>>> design activities are narro&er in scope and constrained by the information architecture compared
to the remaining design activities.
a. "eference c. 4etailed
b. Architectural d. Functional
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3. !he >>>> discipline of the + includes all activities for building, ac'uiring, and integrating application
soft&are components.
a. implementation c. architecture
b. design d. re'uirements
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15. !he >>>> discipline includes activities that verify correct functioning of infrastructure and application
soft&are components and ensure that they satisfy system re'uirements.
a. architecture c. testing
b. design d. implementation
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11. !he >>>> discipline is the set of activities for installing and configuring infrastructure and application
soft&are components and bringing them into operation.
a. services c. testing
b. implementation d. deployment
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1$. Although not a formal + discipline, systems evaluation and >>>> is an important group of activities
that accounts for much of the long,range system cost.
a. integration c. design
b. maintenance d. coordination
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1(. Managers of >>>>> collections of information systems and supporting infrastructure must contend
&ith a great deal of technical complexity.
a. connected c. integrated
b. complex d. dynamic
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1*. ?iven the rapid pace of change in computer technology, a manager must have a broad understanding
of current technology and >>>>>.
a. future technology trends c. best practices
b. integration standards d. industry standards
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1-. #nd users use >>>> to perform specific tas%s, such as processing customer orders or developing and
formatting documents and financial analyses.
a. middle&are c. system soft&are
b. application soft&are d. design soft&are
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1.. Many >>>> create application soft&are for specific processing needs.
a. soft&are engineers c. systems designers
b. system architects d. soft&are developers
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10. A >>>> performs activities in the design discipline and sometimes the deployment discipline.
a. soft&are developer c. solution architect
b. systems designer d. field engineer
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11. >>>> develop system soft&are, such as operating systems, compilers, database management systems,
8eb servers, and net&or% security monitors.
a. Systems programmers c. System designers
b. Soft&are developers d. Soft&are engineers
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13. A<n= >>>> oversees the operation of a large information processing facility.
a. field supervisor c. computer operations manager
b. information systems manager d. net&or% administrator
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$5. !he >>>> position is one of the most demanding in breadth and depth of re'uired s%ills and technical
%no&ledge.
a. database administrator c. systems programmer
b. system administrator d. net&or% administrator
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$1. !he role of >>>> re'uires both technical expertise and the ability to help the organi2ation ma%e optimal
use of its data resources for tas%s such as mar%et research.
a. database administrator c. systems programmer
b. net&or% administrator d. system administrator
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$$. A large organi2ation &ith a substantial investment in computer, net&or%, and soft&are technology
usually has one high,level manager &ith the title >>>>.
a. chief enterprise architect <7#A= c. information technology officer <;!@=
b. chief information officer <7;@= d. chief systems architect <7SA=
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$(. >>>> 8eb sites are oriented to&ard sales, but they usually contain detailed information on specific
products or lin%s to other 8eb sites.
a. Manufacturer c. "eseller
b. +ser d. Aendor
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$*. >>>> 8eb sites have detailed information on their products and offer technical and customer support
services.
a. "eseller c. Manufacturer
b. Aendor d. +ser
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$-. !he >>>> is a &ell,established organi2ation &ith a primary emphasis on computer science.
a. Association for 7omputing Machinery <A7M=
b. ;nstitute for #lectrical and #lectronics #ngineers <;###=
c. @xford 7omputer Society <@7S=
d. ;nternational Standards @rgani2ation <;S@=
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$.. !he ;nstitute for #lectrical and #lectronics #ngineers <;###= >>>> is a subgroup of the ;### that
speciali2es in computer and data communication technologies.
a. 7ontrol Systems Society c. 7omputer Society
b. #ducation Society d. 7ommunications Society
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$0. !he membership of the >>>>> consists mainly of ;S managers and application developers.
a. Association for 7omputing Machinery <A7M=
b. ;nstitute for #lectrical and #lectronics #ngineers <;###=
c. Association for ;nformation !echnology rofessionals <A;!=
d. @xford 7omputer Society <@7S=
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C&"$ET#&N
1. !he steps in the +nified rocess are called >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>.
ANS: iterations
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$. ;n the +, the >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> discipline includes activities such as creating test data,
conducting tests, and evaluating test results.
ANS: testing
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(. !he purpose of building >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> and re'uirements models is to understand the
environment in &hich the system &ill function and the tas%s the system must perform or assist users to
perform.
ANS: business
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*. A<n= >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> is the re'uirements and constraints that define important characteristics
of information,processing resources and ho& these resources interact &ith one another.
ANS: information architecture
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-. 8hen multiple hard&are and net&or% components are integrated into a single system, the designer
must evaluate their >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>.
ANS: compatibility
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.. :ard&are, net&or%, and overall >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> re'uirements affect the choice of system
soft&are.
ANS: performance
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0. >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> generally hides in the bac%ground, unnoticed or barely noticed by most end
users.
ANS: System soft&are
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1. A<n= >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> performs activities in the business modeling and re'uirements
disciplines.
ANS: systems analyst
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3. A<n= >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> builds and tests soft&are.
ANS: programmer
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15. 4evelopers of application soft&are for scientific areas, such as astronomy, meteorology, and physics,
typically have degrees in mathematics or >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>.
ANS: computer science
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11. >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> must have in,depth %no&ledge of system soft&are as &ell as computer
hard&are and net&or%s because many types of system soft&are interact directly &ith computer or
net&or% hard&are.
ANS: Systems programmers
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1$. A<n= >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> manager needs a broad base of technical %no&ledge to understand the
organi2ation9s information systems and infrastructure and must be capable of understanding the advice
of technical staff.
ANS: computer operations
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1(. ;n a smaller organi2ation, the title of >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> is used for the manager of a local area
net&or%.
ANS: net&or% administrator
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1*. !he technology for managing and accessing large collections of data, called >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>,
is speciali2ed and highly complex.
ANS: databases
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1-. !he >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> is responsible for the organi2ation9s computers, net&or%s, soft&are, and
data as &ell as for strategic planning and the effective use of information and computing technology.
ANS:
chief information officer <7;@=
chief information officer
7;@
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1.. :igh,'uality, unbiased information is the product of >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>.
ANS: intensive research
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E!!AY
1. 4iscuss the training that hard&are personnel need.
ANS:
7omputer hard&are vendors employ a variety of people for design, installation, and maintenance.
)o&er,level personnel usually have technical degrees andBor vendor,specific training, and higher,level
personnel usually have degrees in computer science or computer engineering. #mployees must have
extensive %no&ledge of computer hard&are, including processing, data storage, ;B@, and net&or%ing
devices. :ard&are designers need the most in,depth %no&ledge, far exceeding the scope of this boo%.
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$. 4escribe the t&o roles that can be assigned the title of net&or% administrator.
ANS:
!ypically, the title of net&or% administrator is applied to one of t&o roles. !he first is responsibility for
an organi2ation9s net&or% infrastructure, such as for an ;nternet service provider or a large
multinational corporation. 4esigning, operating, and maintaining a large net&or% re'uire substantial
technical expertise in computer hard&are, telecommunications, and system soft&are. !he role of
net&or% administrator in this environment is an important high,level position. !echnical %no&ledge
re'uirements are similar to those for a computer operations manager, although the emphasis is on
net&or% and data communication technologies.
;n a smaller organi2ation, the title of net&or% administrator is used for the manager of a local area
net&or%. !hese net&or%s connect any&here from a half do2en to a fe& hundred computers <mostly
des%top and portable computers= and provide access to shared databases. !he net&or% administrator
can be responsible for many tas%s other than operating and maintaining the net&or%, including
installing and maintaining end,user soft&are, installing and configuring hard&are, training users, and
assisting management in selecting and ac'uiring soft&are and hard&are. !his position is one of the
most demanding in breadth and depth of re'uired s%ills and technical %no&ledge.
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(. )ist and describe t&o periodicals that serve as a good information source for ;S professions.
ANS:
A7M 7omputing Surveys <http:BBsurveys.acm.org=CAn excellent source of information on the latest
research trends in computer soft&are and hard&are. 7ontains in,depth summaries of technologies or
trends geared to&ard a readership &ith moderate to high familiarity &ith computer hard&are and
soft&are.
7omputer&orld <&&&.computer&orld.com=CA &ee%ly maga2ine focusing primarily on computer
ne&s items. 7overs product releases, trade sho&s, and occasional reports of technologies and trends.
7ommunications of the A7M <http:BBcacm.acm.org=CA &idely used source of information about
research topics in computer science. Many of the articles are highly technical and speciali2ed, but
some are targeted to a less research,oriented audience.
7omputer <&&&.computer.orgBcomputer=CA &idely used source of information on computer
hard&are and soft&are. Many of the articles are research,oriented, but occasionally they cover
technologies and trends for a less technical audience.
;nformation8ee% <&&&.information&ee%.com=CAn online maga2ine focusing mainly on computer
ne&s items, covering a &ide range of computer,related organi2ations and technologies.
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*. )ist t&o &ays that companies earn revenue for 8eb,based information and services.
ANS:
Advertising
4irect sales of goods and services
7ommissions on goods and services sold by advertisers and partners
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-. )ist t&o possible biases from sites that generate revenue from advertising, referrals, commissions, or
preferred partner arrangements.
ANS:
@rdering content, lin%s, or search results to favor organi2ations that have paid a fee to the 8eb site
o&ner
"SS and !&itter ne&sfeeds emphasi2ing organi2ations that have paid a fee to the 8eb site o&ner
@mitting information from organi2ations that haven9t paid a fee to the search provider
@mitting information that9s against the interests of organi2ations that have paid a fee to the search
provider
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