Calculation of Flexural Crack Width

CALRIFLOCCULATOR
B101
e
c
=(fs/Ec)
fs/Es
e
1
Serviciability State Moment, M
s
= 1333 kNm/m
Serviciability State Axial Force P = 5 kN
C/C bar Spacing of Tension Reinforcement s = 70 mm

Diameter of Tension Reinforcement Bars 1
st
Layer
f
1
= 25 mm
Diameter of Spacer Bar f
s
= 25 mm

Diameter of Tension Reinforcement Bars 2
nd
Layer
f
2
= 25 mm

Nominal Cover to 1
st
layer of reinforcement n
c = 30 mm
Diameter of Link Bar L
bar 10 mm
Width of Section b = 400 mm
Total depth of member h = 1200 mm
a = 1190 mm
Minimum clear cover to tension reinforcement c
min = 30 mm
Width of section at centroid of tension reinforcement b
t = 400 mm
Characteristic strength of concrete, 28 day cube strength f
ck,28 = 30
N/mm
2
Characteristic strength of reinforcement bar f
y = 500
N/mm
2
Concrete modulus (28 day), IS 456 : CL : 6.2.3.1 E
c,28
= 5000f
ck
E
c,28 = 27386.13
N/mm
2
Steel modulus E
s = 210000
N/mm
2
Area of Tension Reinforcement A
s = 5610
mm
2
Strain Diagram
Dist' from comp' face to the point at which the crack is being cal'd, Usually
'h' if crack on tension face
h
d
s
d
x
b
C
min
a
cr
s
Tension reinforcement proportion i.e. p=As/(b*d) p = 0.0125
Eff. Depth of Tension Reinf., d=h-nc-L
bar
-f
1
/2 OR d=h-nc-L
bar
-f
1
-f
s
/2 d = 1122.5 mm
Creep coefficient IS 456 : CL : 6.2.5.1 q = 1.10
Eff. Modulus of the concrete, E
eff
= E
c
/ (1+q) E
eff = 13041
N/mm
2
Modular ratio, for cracked section m = E
s
/E
eff
m = 16.10
therefore m*p = 0.2012
Ratio of Neutral axis depth to Eff. Depth x/d=[p
2
m
2
+2(mp)]-m*p k = x/d = 0.464
Depth to neutral axis x=k*d x = 521.2 mm
Lever arm z = d-x/3 z = 948.8 mm
Stress in tension steel f
s
=[M
s
/ (A
s
*z)] should be < 0.8*f
y
f
s = 250.4
N/mm
2
Compressive Stress in concrete f
cb
=2M
s
/(z*b*x) should be<0.45f
ck
f
cb 13.5
N/mm
2
Strain at the level considered, calculated ignoring the stiffening effect
of concrete in the tension zone, IS 456 : ANNEX F e
1
=(f
s
/E
s
)(a-x)/(d-x) e
1
= 0.00133
Strain at the level considered, calculated considering the stiffening effect
of concrete due to Axial load, e
2
=( (P/b*h) /E
eff
) e
2
= 0.00000
Net effective Strain e'
1 e'
1
= e
1
- e
2
e'
1
= 0.00133
Distance from critical crack position to surface of rebar
max' crack width occurs midway between the bars on tension face a
cr = 42.6 mm
Average strain at level where crack is considered e
m = 0.00124
e
m
= e'
1
- [b
t
(h-x)(a-x)/(3E
s
A
s
(d-x))]
SURFACE CRACK WIDTH
w = (3a
cr
e
m
)/(1+2((a
cr
- c
min
)/(h-x))) Wcr = 0.153 mm =< 0.2 mm OK

Note: Indicated stress level in concrete for doubly reinforced section is approximate only
as effect due to presence of compression steel is ignored.

PM10 Jun 91 crack width-SLS, B101 Design Section 8 : Grid 28
Calculation of Flexural Crack Width
CALRIFLOCCULATOR
B102
e
c
=(fs/Ec)
fs/Es
e
1
Serviciability State Moment, M
s
= 1000 kNm/m
Serviciability State Axial Force P = 5 kN
C/C bar Spacing of Tension Reinforcement s = 55 mm

Diameter of Tension Reinforcement Bars 1
st
Layer
f
1
= 25 mm
Diameter of Spacer Bar f
s
= 25 mm

Diameter of Tension Reinforcement Bars 2
nd
Layer
f
2
= 25 mm

Nominal Cover to 1
st
layer of reinforcement n
c = 30 mm
Diameter of Link Bar L
bar 10 mm
Width of Section b = 400 mm
Total depth of member h = 1000 mm
a = 990 mm
Minimum clear cover to tension reinforcement c
min = 30 mm
Width of section at centroid of tension reinforcement b
t = 400 mm
Characteristic strength of concrete, 28 day cube strength f
ck,28 = 30
N/mm
2
Characteristic strength of reinforcement bar f
y = 500
N/mm
2
Concrete modulus (28 day), IS 456 : CL : 6.2.3.1 E
c,28
= 5000f
ck
E
c,28 = 27386.13
N/mm
2
Steel modulus E
s = 210000
N/mm
2
Area of Tension Reinforcement A
s = 7140
mm
2
Strain Diagram
Dist' from comp' face to the point at which the crack is being cal'd, Usually
'h' if crack on tension face
h
d
s
d
x
b
C
min
a
cr
s
Tension reinforcement proportion i.e. p=As/(b*d) p = 0.0193
Eff. Depth of Tension Reinf., d=h-nc-L
bar
-f
1
/2 OR d=h-nc-L
bar
-f
1
-f
s
/2 d = 922.5 mm
Creep coefficient IS 456 : CL : 6.2.5.1 q = 1.10
Eff. Modulus of the concrete, E
eff
= E
c
/ (1+q) E
eff = 13041
N/mm
2
Modular ratio, for cracked section m = E
s
/E
eff
m = 16.10
therefore m*p = 0.3116
Ratio of Neutral axis depth to Eff. Depth x/d=[p
2
m
2
+2(mp)]-m*p k = x/d = 0.537
Depth to neutral axis x=k*d x = 495.5 mm
Lever arm z = d-x/3 z = 757.3 mm
Stress in tension steel f
s
=[M
s
/ (A
s
*z)] should be < 0.8*f
y
f
s = 184.9
N/mm
2
Compressive Stress in concrete f
cb
=2M
s
/(z*b*x) should be<0.45f
ck
f
cb 13.3
N/mm
2
Strain at the level considered, calculated ignoring the stiffening effect
of concrete in the tension zone, IS 456 : ANNEX F e
1
=(f
s
/E
s
)(a-x)/(d-x) e
1
= 0.00102
Strain at the level considered, calculated considering the stiffening effect
of concrete due to Axial load, e
2
=( (P/b*h) /E
eff
) e
2
= 0.00000
Net effective Strain e'
1 e'
1
= e
1
- e
2
e'
1
= 0.00102
Distance from critical crack position to surface of rebar
max' crack width occurs midway between the bars on tension face a
cr = 38.1 mm
Average strain at level where crack is considered e
m = 0.00097
e
m
= e'
1
- [b
t
(h-x)(a-x)/(3E
s
A
s
(d-x))]
SURFACE CRACK WIDTH
w = (3a
cr
e
m
)/(1+2((a
cr
- c
min
)/(h-x))) Wcr = 0.107 mm =< 0.2 mm OK

Note: Indicated stress level in concrete for doubly reinforced section is approximate only
as effect due to presence of compression steel is ignored.

PM10 Jun 91 crack width-SLS, B102 Design Section 8 : Grid 28
Calculation of Flexural Crack Width
CALRIFLOCCULATOR
B103
e
c
=(fs/Ec)
fs/Es
e
1
Serviciability State Moment, M
s
= 130 kNm/m
Serviciability State Axial Force P = 5 kN
C/C bar Spacing of Tension Reinforcement s = 90 mm

Diameter of Tension Reinforcement Bars 1
st
Layer
f
1
= 25 mm
Diameter of Spacer Bar f
s
= 0 mm

Diameter of Tension Reinforcement Bars 2
nd
Layer
f
2
= 0 mm

Nominal Cover to 1
st
layer of reinforcement n
c = 30 mm
Diameter of Link Bar L
bar 10 mm
Width of Section b = 300 mm
Total depth of member h = 600 mm
a = 590 mm
Minimum clear cover to tension reinforcement c
min = 30 mm
Width of section at centroid of tension reinforcement b
t = 300 mm
Characteristic strength of concrete, 28 day cube strength f
ck,28 = 30
N/mm
2
Characteristic strength of reinforcement bar f
y = 500
N/mm
2
Concrete modulus (28 day), IS 456 : CL : 6.2.3.1 E
c,28
= 5000f
ck
E
c,28 = 27386.13
N/mm
2
Steel modulus E
s = 210000
N/mm
2
Area of Tension Reinforcement A
s = 1636
mm
2
Strain Diagram
Dist' from comp' face to the point at which the crack is being cal'd, Usually
'h' if crack on tension face
h
d
s
d
x
b
C
min
a
cr
s
Tension reinforcement proportion i.e. p=As/(b*d) p = 0.0100
Eff. Depth of Tension Reinf., d=h-nc-L
bar
-f
1
/2 OR d=h-nc-L
bar
-f
1
-f
s
/2 d = 547.5 mm
Creep coefficient IS 456 : CL : 6.2.5.1 q = 1.10
Eff. Modulus of the concrete, E
eff
= E
c
/ (1+q) E
eff = 13041
N/mm
2
Modular ratio, for cracked section m = E
s
/E
eff
m = 16.10
therefore m*p = 0.1604
Ratio of Neutral axis depth to Eff. Depth x/d=[p
2
m
2
+2(mp)]-m*p k = x/d = 0.428
Depth to neutral axis x=k*d x = 234.5 mm
Lever arm z = d-x/3 z = 469.3 mm
Stress in tension steel f
s
=[M
s
/ (A
s
*z)] should be < 0.8*f
y
f
s = 169.3
N/mm
2
Compressive Stress in concrete f
cb
=2M
s
/(z*b*x) should be<0.45f
ck
f
cb 7.9
N/mm
2
Strain at the level considered, calculated ignoring the stiffening effect
of concrete in the tension zone, IS 456 : ANNEX F e
1
=(f
s
/E
s
)(a-x)/(d-x) e
1
= 0.00092
Strain at the level considered, calculated considering the stiffening effect
of concrete due to Axial load, e
2
=( (P/b*h) /E
eff
) e
2
= 0.00000
Net effective Strain e'
1 e'
1
= e
1
- e
2
e'
1
= 0.00091
Distance from critical crack position to surface of rebar
max' crack width occurs midway between the bars on tension face a
cr = 49.4 mm
Average strain at level where crack is considered e
m = 0.00079
e
m
= e'
1
- [b
t
(h-x)(a-x)/(3E
s
A
s
(d-x))]
SURFACE CRACK WIDTH
w = (3a
cr
e
m
)/(1+2((a
cr
- c
min
)/(h-x))) Wcr = 0.106 mm =< 0.2 mm OK

Note: Indicated stress level in concrete for doubly reinforced section is approximate only
as effect due to presence of compression steel is ignored.

PM10 Jun 91 crack width-SLS, b103 Design Section 8 : Grid 28
Calculation of Flexural Crack Width
CALRIFLOCCULATOR
B104
e
c
=(fs/Ec)
fs/Es
e
1
Serviciability State Moment, M
s
= 315 kNm/m
Serviciability State Axial Force P = 5 kN
C/C bar Spacing of Tension Reinforcement s = 90 mm

Diameter of Tension Reinforcement Bars 1
st
Layer
f
1
= 20 mm
Diameter of Spacer Bar f
s
= 25 mm

Diameter of Tension Reinforcement Bars 2
nd
Layer
f
2
= 20 mm

Nominal Cover to 1
st
layer of reinforcement n
c = 30 mm
Diameter of Link Bar L
bar 10 mm
Width of Section b = 300 mm
Total depth of member h = 750 mm
a = 740 mm
Minimum clear cover to tension reinforcement c
min = 30 mm
Width of section at centroid of tension reinforcement b
t = 300 mm
Characteristic strength of concrete, 28 day cube strength f
ck,28 = 30
N/mm
2
Characteristic strength of reinforcement bar f
y = 500
N/mm
2
Concrete modulus (28 day), IS 456 : CL : 6.2.3.1 E
c,28
= 5000f
ck
E
c,28 = 27386.13
N/mm
2
Steel modulus E
s = 210000
N/mm
2
Area of Tension Reinforcement A
s = 2094
mm
2
Strain Diagram
Dist' from comp' face to the point at which the crack is being cal'd, Usually
'h' if crack on tension face
h
d
s
d
x
b
C
min
a
cr
s
Tension reinforcement proportion i.e. p=As/(b*d) p = 0.0103
Eff. Depth of Tension Reinf., d=h-nc-L
bar
-f
1
/2 OR d=h-nc-L
bar
-f
1
-f
s
/2 d = 677.5 mm
Creep coefficient IS 456 : CL : 6.2.5.1 q = 1.10
Eff. Modulus of the concrete, E
eff
= E
c
/ (1+q) E
eff = 13041
N/mm
2
Modular ratio, for cracked section m = E
s
/E
eff
m = 16.10
therefore m*p = 0.1659
Ratio of Neutral axis depth to Eff. Depth x/d=[p
2
m
2
+2(mp)]-m*p k = x/d = 0.434
Depth to neutral axis x=k*d x = 293.7 mm
Lever arm z = d-x/3 z = 579.6 mm
Stress in tension steel f
s
=[M
s
/ (A
s
*z)] should be < 0.8*f
y
f
s = 259.5
N/mm
2
Compressive Stress in concrete f
cb
=2M
s
/(z*b*x) should be<0.45f
ck
f
cb 12.3
N/mm
2
Strain at the level considered, calculated ignoring the stiffening effect
of concrete in the tension zone, IS 456 : ANNEX F e
1
=(f
s
/E
s
)(a-x)/(d-x) e
1
= 0.00144
Strain at the level considered, calculated considering the stiffening effect
of concrete due to Axial load, e
2
=( (P/b*h) /E
eff
) e
2
= 0.00000
Net effective Strain e'
1 e'
1
= e
1
- e
2
e'
1
= 0.00144
Distance from critical crack position to surface of rebar
max' crack width occurs midway between the bars on tension face a
cr = 50.2 mm
Average strain at level where crack is considered e
m = 0.00131
e
m
= e'
1
- [b
t
(h-x)(a-x)/(3E
s
A
s
(d-x))]
SURFACE CRACK WIDTH
w = (3a
cr
e
m
)/(1+2((a
cr
- c
min
)/(h-x))) Wcr = 0.182 mm =< 0.2 mm OK

Note: Indicated stress level in concrete for doubly reinforced section is approximate only
as effect due to presence of compression steel is ignored.

PM10 Jun 91 crack width-SLS, b104 Design Section 8 : Grid 28
Calculation of Flexural Crack Width
CALRIFLOCCULATOR
B105
e
c
=(fs/Ec)
fs/Es
e
1
Serviciability State Moment, M
s
= 150 kNm/m
Serviciability State Axial Force P = 5 kN
C/C bar Spacing of Tension Reinforcement s = 90 mm

Diameter of Tension Reinforcement Bars 1
st
Layer
f
1
= 20 mm
Diameter of Spacer Bar f
s
= 25 mm

Diameter of Tension Reinforcement Bars 2
nd
Layer
f
2
= 20 mm

Nominal Cover to 1
st
layer of reinforcement n
c = 30 mm
Diameter of Link Bar L
bar 10 mm
Width of Section b = 300 mm
Total depth of member h = 600 mm
a = 590 mm
Minimum clear cover to tension reinforcement c
min = 30 mm
Width of section at centroid of tension reinforcement b
t = 300 mm
Characteristic strength of concrete, 28 day cube strength f
ck,28 = 30
N/mm
2
Characteristic strength of reinforcement bar f
y = 500
N/mm
2
Concrete modulus (28 day), IS 456 : CL : 6.2.3.1 E
c,28
= 5000f
ck
E
c,28 = 27386.13
N/mm
2
Steel modulus E
s = 210000
N/mm
2
Area of Tension Reinforcement A
s = 2094
mm
2
Strain Diagram
Dist' from comp' face to the point at which the crack is being cal'd, Usually
'h' if crack on tension face
h
d
s
d
x
b
C
min
a
cr
s
Tension reinforcement proportion i.e. p=As/(b*d) p = 0.0132
Eff. Depth of Tension Reinf., d=h-nc-L
bar
-f
1
/2 OR d=h-nc-L
bar
-f
1
-f
s
/2 d = 527.5 mm
Creep coefficient IS 456 : CL : 6.2.5.1 q = 1.10
Eff. Modulus of the concrete, E
eff
= E
c
/ (1+q) E
eff = 13041
N/mm
2
Modular ratio, for cracked section m = E
s
/E
eff
m = 16.10
therefore m*p = 0.2131
Ratio of Neutral axis depth to Eff. Depth x/d=[p
2
m
2
+2(mp)]-m*p k = x/d = 0.474
Depth to neutral axis x=k*d x = 249.9 mm
Lever arm z = d-x/3 z = 444.2 mm
Stress in tension steel f
s
=[M
s
/ (A
s
*z)] should be < 0.8*f
y
f
s = 161.2
N/mm
2
Compressive Stress in concrete f
cb
=2M
s
/(z*b*x) should be<0.45f
ck
f
cb 9.0
N/mm
2
Strain at the level considered, calculated ignoring the stiffening effect
of concrete in the tension zone, IS 456 : ANNEX F e
1
=(f
s
/E
s
)(a-x)/(d-x) e
1
= 0.00094
Strain at the level considered, calculated considering the stiffening effect
of concrete due to Axial load, e
2
=( (P/b*h) /E
eff
) e
2
= 0.00000
Net effective Strain e'
1 e'
1
= e
1
- e
2
e'
1
= 0.00094
Distance from critical crack position to surface of rebar
max' crack width occurs midway between the bars on tension face a
cr = 50.2 mm
Average strain at level where crack is considered e
m = 0.00084
e
m
= e'
1
- [b
t
(h-x)(a-x)/(3E
s
A
s
(d-x))]
SURFACE CRACK WIDTH
w = (3a
cr
e
m
)/(1+2((a
cr
- c
min
)/(h-x))) Wcr = 0.114 mm =< 0.2 mm OK

Note: Indicated stress level in concrete for doubly reinforced section is approximate only
as effect due to presence of compression steel is ignored.

PM10 Jun 91 crack width-SLS, b105 Design Section 8 : Grid 28
Calculation of Flexural Crack Width
CALRIFLOCCULATOR
B106
e
c
=(fs/Ec)
fs/Es
e
1
Serviciability State Moment, M
s
= 450 kNm/m
Serviciability State Axial Force P = 5 kN
C/C bar Spacing of Tension Reinforcement s = 90 mm

Diameter of Tension Reinforcement Bars 1
st
Layer
f
1
= 25 mm
Diameter of Spacer Bar f
s
= 25 mm

Diameter of Tension Reinforcement Bars 2
nd
Layer
f
2
= 25 mm

Nominal Cover to 1
st
layer of reinforcement n
c = 30 mm
Diameter of Link Bar L
bar 10 mm
Width of Section b = 300 mm
Total depth of member h = 750 mm
a = 740 mm
Minimum clear cover to tension reinforcement c
min = 30 mm
Width of section at centroid of tension reinforcement b
t = 300 mm
Characteristic strength of concrete, 28 day cube strength f
ck,28 = 30
N/mm
2
Characteristic strength of reinforcement bar f
y = 500
N/mm
2
Concrete modulus (28 day), IS 456 : CL : 6.2.3.1 E
c,28
= 5000f
ck
E
c,28 = 27386.13
N/mm
2
Steel modulus E
s = 210000
N/mm
2
Area of Tension Reinforcement A
s = 3272
mm
2
Strain Diagram
Dist' from comp' face to the point at which the crack is being cal'd, Usually
'h' if crack on tension face
h
d
s
d
x
b
C
min
a
cr
s
Tension reinforcement proportion i.e. p=As/(b*d) p = 0.0162
Eff. Depth of Tension Reinf., d=h-nc-L
bar
-f
1
/2 OR d=h-nc-L
bar
-f
1
-f
s
/2 d = 672.5 mm
Creep coefficient IS 456 : CL : 6.2.5.1 q = 1.10
Eff. Modulus of the concrete, E
eff
= E
c
/ (1+q) E
eff = 13041
N/mm
2
Modular ratio, for cracked section m = E
s
/E
eff
m = 16.10
therefore m*p = 0.2612
Ratio of Neutral axis depth to Eff. Depth x/d=[p
2
m
2
+2(mp)]-m*p k = x/d = 0.507
Depth to neutral axis x=k*d x = 341.2 mm
Lever arm z = d-x/3 z = 558.8 mm
Stress in tension steel f
s
=[M
s
/ (A
s
*z)] should be < 0.8*f
y
f
s = 246.1
N/mm
2
Compressive Stress in concrete f
cb
=2M
s
/(z*b*x) should be<0.45f
ck
f
cb error
N/mm
2
Strain at the level considered, calculated ignoring the stiffening effect
of concrete in the tension zone, IS 456 : ANNEX F e
1
=(f
s
/E
s
)(a-x)/(d-x) e
1
= 0.00141
Strain at the level considered, calculated considering the stiffening effect
of concrete due to Axial load, e
2
=( (P/b*h) /E
eff
) e
2
= 0.00000
Net effective Strain e'
1 e'
1
= e
1
- e
2
e'
1
= 0.00141
Distance from critical crack position to surface of rebar
max' crack width occurs midway between the bars on tension face a
cr = 49.4 mm
Average strain at level where crack is considered e
m = 0.00134
e
m
= e'
1
- [b
t
(h-x)(a-x)/(3E
s
A
s
(d-x))]
SURFACE CRACK WIDTH
w = (3a
cr
e
m
)/(1+2((a
cr
- c
min
)/(h-x))) Wcr = 0.181 mm =< 0.2 mm OK

Note: Indicated stress level in concrete for doubly reinforced section is approximate only
as effect due to presence of compression steel is ignored.

PM10 Jun 91 crack width-SLS, b106 Design Section 8 : Grid 28