THE INDUSTRIALISED BUILDING SYSTEM (IBS)

CC206
THE KUALA LUMPUR TOWER



MUHAMMAD ASYARI BIN MOHD SHAH 14DKA13F2014
NOR ERMAN BIN KASSIM 14DKA13F2032


INTRODUCTION

The Industrialised Building System (IBS) can be generally interpreted as in which all building
components are mass produced either in a factory or at site factory according to
specifications with standardise shapes and dimensions and transported to the construction
projects site to be rearrange with certain standard to form a building.

The development of industrialised building system (IBS) is not new in the construction
industry. The history of precast in UK housing dates from the mid 1900s, when this and
other forms of industrialised (prefabricated) construction were used to address the problem
of widespread destruction of housing stock during the Second World War.

In the United States, the use of precast in the construction industry began in the construction
of prefabricated steel house by General House in 1930. However the early efforts of
rationalising and implementation faded quickly due to price in competitiveness, high capital
and inconsistent local codes. The use of precast increased sharply after the Second World
War due to the need to resolve critical shortage of houses.

In Malaysia, the implementation of precast concept by using precast concrete building were
introduced in Malaysia in 1966 when the government launched two pilot projects for precast
housing which involves the construction of Tuanku Abdul Rahman Flats in Kuala Lumpur
and the Rifle Range Road Flats in Penang. Both projects were the first time whereby precast
elements were used to construct mass houses. Later, Perbadanan Kemajuan Negeri Johor
(PKNS) import the precast concrete technology from Germany for the construction ranging
from low cost housing to luxurious housing such as bungalows and semi detached.




Today, many private companies in Malaysia have teamed up with foreign experts from
Australia, Netherlands, United States and Japan to offer precast solutions to their projects.
Numerous construction projects have utilized the precast components especially to meet the
requirement of time constraint and with high accuracy and quality. The precast components
are mainly use in the construction of schools, colleges, quarters, apartments, hospitals,
roads, port and other infrastructures.

Even so, the usage of precast in building in Malaysia is still low as compared to developed
countries such as Japan, United States and Europe. From a survey conducted by
Construction Industry Development Board (CIDB) Malaysia, the level of usage of IBS in the
local construction industry is at 15% based on the IBS Survey 2003. The main barriers that
impede the growth of IBS are the resistance from the parties involved in the construction.
The local authorities are generally unwilling to make changes in local building regulations
that need a lot of time, works and cost to establish the legislative, structural planning and
economic conditions for industrial development. The developers have to plan a larger project
scheme in order to reduce the costs of houses for economic viability. The contractor will
relatively play less important role because most of the responsibilities will be taken over by
the precast manufacturer. Furthermore, the subcontractors who rely on labour will be out of
business due to the fact that prefabrication will reduce the number of workers and replace
them with machines. It is important that the Malaysia construction industry need to evolve
and be ready for the globalization era where increase in productivity, quality and safety is a
must.

It seems that the lesson from established manufacturing process has not been learned
successfully in the construction industry. Probably a greater intervention from government
linked companies (GLCs) may be needed in setting up the mega housing projects and
endless supply of building ready-made components by multiple vendors and suppliers.





THE KUALA LUMPUR
TOWER
HISTORY
The Kuala Lumpur Tower (Menara Kuala Lumpur abbreviated as KL Tower) is a tall tower
located in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Its construction was completed on 1 March 1995. It is
used for communication purposes and features anantenna that reaches 421 metres (1,381
feet). The roof of the pod is at 335 metres (1,099 feet). The rest of the tower below has a
stairwell and an elevator to reach the upper area, which also contains a revolving restaurant,
providing diners with a panoramic view of the city.

Races are held annually, where participants race up the stairs to the top. The tower also acts
as the Islamic Falak observatory to observe the crescent moon which marks the beginning of
Muslim month of Ramadhan, Syawal, and Zulhijjah, to celebrate fasting month of
Ramadhan, Hari Raya Aidilfitri and Aidiladha. The tower is the highest viewpoint in Kuala
Lumpur that is open to the public.

The official groundbreaking for the Kuala Lumpur Tower was overseen by the 4th Prime
Minister of Malaysia Dato Seri Dr Mahathir bin Mohamad on 1 October 1991. Construction of
the tower was a three-phase process.The first phase was the widening of Jalan Bukit Nanas
and the excavation of soil from the construction site. This phase was completed on 1 August
1992.

On 1 July 1992, the second phase began with the construction of the foundation and
basement of the tower. Approximately 50,000 cubic metres of concrete were continuously
poured for 31 hours, thus setting a record in the Malaysian construction industry. The
foundation work, requiring no piling, was completed on 1 April 1993.

The third phase was the construction of the 'superstructure' which began in May 1994. The
construction of the tower started with the erection of the tower shaft, then the tower head. As
the finishing touches to the tower head were applied, the construction of the touristic building
began. The Kuala Lumpur Tower's construction using Industrialised Building System (IBS).
The Industrialized Building System (IBS) of method construction for this building is using
steel beams and columns for tower head: Wayss and Freytag.

The main lobby of the upper ground floor is decorated with exquisite glass-clad domes that
sparkle like giant diamonds. These domes were designed and arranged in the form of the
Muqarnas by Iranian craftsmen from Isfahan.On 13 September 1994, Prime Minister
Mahathir Mohamad performed the 'topping-up ceremony' where the antenna mast was
installed, thus marking the final height of the tower, 421 metres above the ground. After
installation of facilities and amenities, Menara Kuala Lumpur was opened to public on 23
July 1996.

Kuala Lumpur Tower was officially inaugurated by Prime Minister Mahathir Mohamad on 1
October 1996 at 20:30 MST. Among the distinguished guests were the Yang di-Pertuan
Agong Tuanku Jaafar ibni Almarhum Tuanku Abdul Rahman, Raja Permaisuri AgongTuanku
Najihah, the wives of the Sultan of Brunei, Duli Yang Teramat Mulia Paduka Seri Baginda
Raja Isteri Pengiran Anak Hajah Saleha and Duli Yang Teramat Mulia Pengiran Isteri Hajah
Mariam Binti Abdul Aziz.

THE CRONOLOGY
The Chronology of Menara Kuala Lumpur Construction:
1st Phase, 4th October 1991
Widening of Jalan Punchak and excavations of soil from construction site.
Finished: 15th August 1992




2nd Phase, 6th July 1992
Construction of the foundation and basement of tower
50,000 cubic metres of concrete were endless poured for 31 hours hence setting a record
in the Malaysian construction industry.
Finished: 15th April 1993 (without pilling)
3rd Phase/ 'superstructure', began in May 1994
The dreary construction of the tower starts with erection of the tower shaft, then the tower
head.
As the ultimate touches to the tower head were being done, the construction of the tourist
building began.
Introduce Islamic motif to reflect Malaysia's Islamic Heritage, and blended eastern design
with western architectural technology
Main Lobby decorated with lovely glass-clad domes that glint like huge diamond.
These domes were designed and arranged in the form of the 'Muqarnas' by Iranian
craftsmen from Esfahan

ARCHITECTURE
Construction Period : 1992 - 1995
Designed / Architect by : Kumpulan Senireka Sdn. Bhd
Constructed by : Wayss & Freytag
Technical Assessor : Ove Arup & Partner International London/ Jururunding Kuala
Lumpur
Total Height of Tower : 421 metres
Upper Observatory Level : 25 km
Inaugural Date : 1 October 1996
Gross Ground Floor Area of Building : 80,417.5 square metres
Total Length of Antenna : 86 metres
Outer Diameter of Shaft Wall : 2.4m to 13.6m
Thickness of Shaft : 1.4m to 0.6m
Foundation & Basement : 17m deep
Maximum Foundation Diameter : 54m
TOWER STRUCTURE



FACTS
The KL Tower is the seventh tallest telecommunication tower in the world (after Tokyo Sky
Tree in Japan, the Guangzhou TV & Sightseeing Tower in China, CN Tower in Canada, the
Ostankino Tower in Russia, the Oriental Pearl Tower in China, and the Borj-e Milad in Iran).
Built to enhance the quality of telecommunication services and the clarity of broadcasting,
KL Tower is a symbol of Kuala Lumpur.




The structure is divided into five basic sections:
1. The foundation base houses three basement floors for safety purposes, storage and
maintenance work.
2. The touristic building bears the administration office, souvenir shops and the 146
meters long pedestrian mall with cascading pools.
3. The tower shaft comprises 22 levels with four elevators and flights of stairs with a
total of 2,058 steps.
4. The tower head holds the public observation platform (276 m) and revolving
restaurant, as well as the telecommunication and broadcasting stations.
5. The antenna mast crowns the tower and is utilised for telecommunication and
broadcasting transmissions.
When constructing the KL Tower, the builders took special care to construct a retaining wall
around a 100-year-old jelutong tree (Dyera costulata). The tower was moved at a cost of
RM430,000 to avoid harming the monumental tree, which is found near the pedestrian mall.
KL Tower is managed by Menara Kuala Lumpur Sdn. Bhd., a wholly owned subsidiary of the
Telekom Malaysia Group. It also the first pit-stop in The Amazing Race Asia 1 and fielded a
route marker on the final leg of the same race.











CONCLUSION

The Industrialized Building System (IBS) represent the prefabrication and industrialised
construction concept in Malaysia. The term is proposed to move away from the typical
paradigm of prefabricated systems towards application of modernise construction concept
using manufacturing principal.

Industrialized Building System (IBS) should be seen as innovation in construction. The
innovation agenda has been promoted worldwide as in industrialized construction. It is
imperative that Industrialized Building System (IBS) is seen as an evolution of construction
using new and innovative techniques rather than a revolution.

The classification of Industrialized Building System (IBS) should be expanded to cater the
scope of volumetric (modular) and hybrid construction.The Industrialized Building System
(IBS) is not to be seen as a threat to traditional methods. Both methods should be able to
work in tandem and improve their processes collectively. The usage of both method
construction is important to ensure that the construction industry will obtain the best benefits
from both system.The Industrialized Building System (IBS) should move up the degree of
industrialization from prefabrication to reproduction through innovation. The mass-
customisation concept which is vital to open building system agenda can only be achieved
through the adoption of automation in the level of industrialization.

The more advanced Industrialized Building System (IBS) is in the level of industrialization,
Industrialized Building System (IBS) need to play more roles and has to be involved in
project life cycle. The reproduction level of industrialization will involve the whole project life
cycle from planning to maintenance.The Industrialized Building System (IBS) can be seen
as a solution to the whole project life cycle if only, it can achieve reproduction level of
industrialization.


REFERENCES

1. http://eprints.utm.my/5058/4/LimPuiChungKPFKA2006TTTCHAP1.
pdf
2. http://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Menara_Kuala_Lumpur
3. http://eprints.uthm.edu.my/1700/1/MARDHIAH_ZAWAWI.pdf
4. http://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=x8G803Bi31IC&dat=199
61002&printsec=frontpage&hl=en
5. http://structurae.net/structures/kl-tower
6. https://www.menarakl.com.my/detail1.html#structure













ATTACHMENT









Kuala Lumpur Tower from a different views.