Mech Vii & Viii Sem NMAMIT SYLLABUS

Syl l abus of VI I & VI I I Semest er B. E. / Mechani cal Engg.
1

POWER PLANT ENGINEERING
Subject Code : ME 701 Credits : 04
Hrs / Week : 4 Total Hours : 52
UNIT-I
Steam Power Plant:
Different types of fuels used for steam generation, Equipment for
burning coal in lump form, stokers, different types, Advantages and
Disadvantages of using pulverized fuel, Equipment for preparation
and burning of pulverized coal, unit system and bin system.
Pulverized fuel furnaces, cyclone furnace, Coal and ash handling,
Generation of steam using forced circulation, high and supercritical
pressures, A brief account of Benson, Velox, Schmidt steam
generators.
Chimneys: Natural, forced, induced and balanced draft, Calculations
involving height of to produce a given draft. Cooling towers and
Ponds: Accessories for the Steam generators such as Super heaters,
De-super heater, control of super heaters, Economizers, Air pre-
heaters and re-heaters. 10 Hrs
UNIT-II
Diesel Engine Power Plant:
Applications of Diesel Engines in Power field, Method of starting
diesel engines, cooling and lubrication system for the diesel engine,
Filters, centrifuges, Oil heaters, Intake and exhaust system, Layout of
diesel power plant.
Gas Turbine Power Plant:
Advantages and disadvantages of the gas turbine plant open and
closed turbine plants with the accessories 9 Hrs

UNIT-III
Hydro-Electric Plants:
Storage and pondage, flow duration and mass curves, hydrographs,
low, medium and high head plants, pumped storage plants, Penstock,
water hammer, surge tanks, gates and valves, power house general
layout, a brief description of some of the important hydel installations
in India. 9Hrs
UNIT-IV
Nuclear power Plant:
Principles of release of nuclear energy fusion and fission reactions,
nuclear fuels used in the reactors, Multiplication and thermal
utilization factors. Elements of the nuclear reactor: moderator, control
rod, fuel rods, coolants. Brief description of reactors of the following
2

types-Pressurized water reactor, boiling water reactor, Sodium
graphite reactor, Fast Breeder reactor, Homogenous graphite reactor
and gas cooled reactor, Radiation hazards, Shieldings, Radioactive
waste disposal. 10 Hrs
UNIT-V
Power station estimation:
Choice of site for power station, load estimation, load duration curve,
load factor, capacity factor, use factor, diversity factor, demand factor,
effect of variable load on power plant, selection of the number and
size of units.
Economics:
Cost of energy production, selection of plant and generating
equipment and operating characteristics of power plants, tariffs for
electrical energy. 10 Hrs

TEXT BOOKS:
1. Power Plant Engineering, P.K.Nag Tata McGraw Hill 2 edn 2001.
2. Power Plant Engineering by Domakundawar, Dhanpath Rai sons.
2003.

REFERENCE BOOK:
1. Power Plant Engineering by RK.Rajput. Laxmi publication, New
Delhi.
2. Principles of Energy conversion, AW.Culp J r., McGraw Hill.
1996.
3. Non conventional Energy sources by G D Rai Khanna Publishers.

Scheme Examination:
Two questions to be set from each unit and Students shall answer
FIVE full questions choosing at least ONE question to be answered
from each unit.

3

MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS
Hrs /Week : 5 Total Hours : 52
UNIT-I
Introduction:
Types of Vibrations, Simple Harmonic Motion, and Principle of
superposition applied to simple harmonic motions, Beats and simple
problems.
Undamped Free Vibrations:
Single Degree of Freedom systems, Natural frequency of undamped
free vibrations, Parallel and series combination of springs-equivalent
stiffness, effect of mass of spring on natural frequency, Problems on
identification of natural frequency of different systems, Torsional
vibrations. 10 Hrs
UNIT-II
Damped Free Vibrations:
Single degree of freedom systems, Different types of damping,
Concept of critical damping and its importance, Study of response of
viscous damped systems for cases of under-damping, critical-damping
and over-damping, Logarithmic Decrement, Problems on rectilinear
and rotary systems. 10 Hrs
UNIT-III
Forced Vibrations:
Single Degree of Freedom Systems, Forced Vibration of spring-mass-
damper system, transient and steady state solution, Reciprocating and
rotating unbalance, Force transmitted to the base due to harmonic
excitation-Force Transmissibility, Vibrations due to support motion-
Motion Transmissibility, vibration isolation. 12 Hrs

UNIT-IV
Analysis of two Degrees of Freedom Systems:
Introduction, principal modes of vibration, masses on tightly stretched
strings, double pendulum, combined rectilinear and angular modes,
system with damping, undamped forced vibrations with harmonic
excitation, undamped dynamic vibration absorber, problems.
Vibrometers and Accelerometers, Whirling of shafts with and without
air damping, Discussion on speeds above and below critical speed of
shaft, Numerical problems. 10 Hrs

4

UNIT-V
Numerical methods for multi degree freedom systems:
Introduction, Influence coefficients, Maxwells reciprocal theorem,
Dunkerleys equation, Orthogonality of Principal modes, Method of
Matrix Iteration and orthogonality principle. Holzers Method,
Stodola Method
Machine condition monitoring and Diagnosis 10 Hrs

TEXT BOOKS:
(1) Mechanical Vibrations, S. S. Rao, Pearson Education Inc, 4
th

Edition, 2003.
(2) Mechanical Vibrations, V. P. Singh, Dhanpat Rai & Company
Pvt. Ltd., 3
rd
Edition, 2006.
(3) Mechanical Vibrations, G. K. Groover, Nem Chand and Bros.,
Rookee, India, Seventh Edition, 2003.
(4) Mechanical Vibrations, William Seto, Schaums Outline Series,
McGraw Hill, 1983

REFERENCE BOOKS:
(1) Mechanical Vibrations, S. Graham Kelly, Schaums Outline
Series, Tata McGraw Hill, Special Indian Edition, 2007.
(2) Theory and Practice of Mechanical Vibrations, J . S. Rao and K.
Gupta, New Age International Publications, New Delhi, 2001.
(3) Elements of Vibration Analysis, Leonard Meirovitch, Tata
McGraw Hill, Special Indian Edition, 2007.
(4) Mechanical Vibrations, J . B. K. Das and Srinivasa Murthy,
Sapna Book House, Fifth Edition, 2009.
(5) Theory of Vibration with Applications, W. T. Thomson and
Marie Dillon Dahleh, Pearson Education, 5
th
Edition, 2007.

5

INDUSTRIAL ROBOTICS
Hrs /week : 4 Total Hours : 52
UNIT I
Introduction to robotics
Definition, anatomy of robot, classification configurations, robot links
and joints, robot specifications, resolution accuracy and repeatability,
simple numerical problems, robot drive systems, hydraulic, pneumatic
and electric drive systems, wrist and its motions, end effectors, types
of end effectors, mechanical grippers, methods of constraining parts in
grippers, types of gripper mechanisms, simple numerical problems,
vacuum cups, magnetic grippers, adhesive grippers, hooks, scoops and
other gripper devices, tool as end effectors, examples. 10 Hrs

UNIT II
Robot motion analysis
Direct kinematics and inverse kinematics, 3D homogeneous
transformations, rotation, translation and displacement matrix,
composite rotation matrix, rotation matrix about an arbitrary axis,
links, joints and their parameters, Denavit-Hertenberg (D-H)
representation, application of D-H matrices to different robot
configurations. 12 Hrs
UNIT III
Robot control and trajectory planning
Basic control systems and models, transfer function with examples,
transfer function for spring-mass-damper system, transient response of
a second order system, transfer function of a robot joint, different types
of controllers, proportional (P) controller, integral (I) controller,
derivative (D) controller, PID controller, simple numerical problems.
Trajectory planning, definition, steps in trajectory planning, joint space
techniques, use of a p-degree polynomial as interpolation function,
cubic polynomial trajectories, linear function with parabolic blends,
joint space verses Cartesian space trajectory planning, simple
numerical problems on joint space trajectory planning. 10 Hrs

UNIT IV
Robot sensors and Machine Vision
Classification of robot sensors and their functions, touch sensor, tactile
sensor, binary sensor, analog sensor, proximity sensor, range sensor,
force and torque sensor.
6

Machine vision, functions of machine vision system, sensing and
digitizing, imaging devices, analog to digital signal conversion,
quantization and encoding, simple numerical problems, image storage,
image processing and analysis, image data reduction, segmentation,
feature extraction, object recognition, robotic machine vision
applications, inspection, identification, visual servoing and navigation
12 Hrs
UNIT V
Robot Programming
Introduction to robot programming, robot cell layout, work cell
control and interlocks, manual programming, lead through and
walkthrough programming, off-line programming, VAL programming
language, example, AML and VAL-II robot programming languages,
examples, Programming with graphics, example. 8 Hrs

TEXT BOOKS:
1. Industrial Robotics, Mikell P. Groover, Mitchel Weiss, Roger N.
Nagel, Nicholas G. Odrey, McGraw-Hill Publications,
International Edition, 1986.
2. Robot Technology Fundamentals, J ames G. Keramas, Cengage
Learning, 1999

REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. Robotics: Control, Sensing, Vision, Intelligence, Fu K. S.,
Gonzelez R. C., Lee C. S. G., , McGraw Hill Book Co.,
International edition, 1987.
2. Robotics for Engineers, Yorem Koren, McGraw-Hill Publication,
International edition, 1987
3. Introduction to Robotics: Mechanics and Control, Craig, J . J .,
Pearson Prentice-Hall Publications, 3
rd
edition, 2005.
4. Fundamentals of Robotics, Analysis and Control, Schilling R. J .,
Prentice-Hall Publications, Eastern Economy edition, 2007
5. Robotics, Appu Kuttan K. K., I.K. International Publications,
First Edition, 2007
6. Robotics and Control, R. K. Mittal, I. J . Nagrath, Tata-McGraw-
Hill Publications, 2005

Scheme Examination:
TWO questions to be set from each unit and students shall answer
FIVE full questions choosing ONE question from each unit
7

MECHATRONICS
UNIT-I
Introduction: Introduction to Mechatronic systems, Measurement
systems, control systems, microprocessor based controllers,
Mechatronics approach. Examples and discussions on typical
mechatronic systems.
Review of Transducers and Sensors: Introduction to Transducers
and sensors, their classification, light sensors, proximity sensors and
Hall-effect sensor, encoders, selection of sensors. 10 Hrs

UNIT-II
Drives and controls: Mechanical system: Anti Friction guide ways,
timer belt and pulley, high speed precession bearings Electrical
Actuation Systems: Actuators and actuator system, classification,
Mechanical switches, Solenoids, relays, solidstate switches, Motors-
DC & AC motors, Stepper motors, servo motor. 12 Hrs

UNIT-III
Pneumatic Systems: Introduction, Basic structure of pneumatic
systems, filter, lubricator, regulator, Valves Classification, Pressure
control valve, Flow control valve, Direction control valve. Types of
cylinders, air motors, air compressors, Symbols of Pneumatic
elements and application circuits. 10 Hrs

UNIT-IV
Signal Conditioning: Introduction to signal conditioning.
Operational amplifier, Protection, Filtering, Wheatstone bridge, ADC
and DAC, Multiplexers, Data acquisition system. Programmable
logic controllers: Basic structures, input/output processing,
programming, timers, relays and counters, data handling, selection of
PLC. 10 Hrs
UNIT-V
Microprocessors: Digital number system, Binary & Decimal number
systems, BCD, Boolean algebra, Logic Gates, flip flops. Introduction
to microprocessor, microprocessor based digital control, basic
elements of control system, 8085 A microprocessor architecture
terminology such as CPU, memory and address, ALU, assembler data
registers, Fetch cycle, write cycle, state, bus, interrupts.
8

Microcontrollers. Differences between microprocessor and micro
controllers. Classification of micro controllers. 10 Hrs
TEXT BOOKS:
1. Mechatronics , W. Bolton, pearson education, third edition.
2. Programmable Logic Controllers J ohn W Webb and Ronald A
Reis, Prentice Hall, Inc.
3. Introduction to Mechatronics, K. K. Appukuttan,Oxford
University press, 2007 edition
4. Pneumatic systems S.R Majumdar, Tata Mc.Graw-Hill,
Publishing company,ltd.
REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. Mechatronics, Nitaigour Premchand Mahilik, Tata Mc.Graw-Hill,
Publishing company, Ltd.
2. Pneumatics Basic level TP101, Peter Croser and Frank Ebel,Festo
Didactic Publications.
3. Fundamentals of pneumatic control engineering, J .P. Hasebrink
and R.Kobbler, Festo Didactic Publications.
Scheme Examination:
TWO questions to be set from each unit and Students shall answer
from each unit.

PROJECT PART - I
Hrs /week : 3
Preparing a project - brief proposal including
Problem Identification
A statement of system / process specifications proposed to be
developed (Block Diagram / Concept tree)
List of possible solutions including alternatives and constraints
Cost benefit analysis
Time Line of activities
Identification of a real life problem in thrust areas
9

Developing a mathematical model for solving the above problem
Finalization of system requirements and specification
Proposing different solutions for the problem based on literature
survey
Future trends in providing alternate solutions
Detailed design and development plans
Preparation of part drawings for manufacturing.
Consolidated report preparation of the above

Or similar relevant academic activities suited for a particular project
as approved by the guide.

SEMINAR
Hrs /week : 2

DYNAMICS LAB
Hrs /week : 2
Part - A
1. Determination of a Pressure distribution in J ournal bearing.
2. Determination of Principal Stresses and strains in a member
subjected to combined loading using Strain rosettes.
3. Determination of Fringe constant of Photoelastic material using
a) Circular disc subjected to diametral compression,
b) Pure bending specimen (Four point bending).
4. Determination of stress concentration using Photoelasticity for
simple components like plate with a hole under tension or bending,
circular disk with circular hole under compression, 2D Crane hook.
10

Part - B
5. Determination of natural frequency, logarithmic decrement,
damping ratio and damping coefficient in a single degree of
freedom vibrating systems. (Longitudinal and torsional)
6. Balancing of Rotating masses.
7. Determination of critical speed of a rotating shaft.
8. Experiments on Gyroscope (Demonstration only).
9. Determination of equilibrium speed, sensitiveness, power and
effort of porter/propel Governor.
Scheme of Examination:
One Question from Part A : 20 marks
One Question from Part B : 20 marks
Viva Voce : 10 marks

FOUNDRY TECHNOLOGY
UNIT I
FOUNDRY METALLURGY: Oxidation of liquid metals, gas
dissolution in liquid metals, methods of degassing, fluidity, factors
affecting fluidity, fluidity tests, hot tearing, shrinkage of liquid metals.
CASTING DESIGN: Introduction to casting design, redesign
considerations, design for minimum casting stresses, design for
directional solidification, design for metal flow, safety factors, design
for low pattern cost. 8Hrs
UNIT - II
SOLIDIFICATION OF CASTINGS: Crystallization and
development of cast structure - nucleation, growth and dendritic
growth. Coring and segregation. Concept of progressive and
directional solidification,. solidification time and Chvorinovs rule.
Structure of castings - refinement and modification of cast structure
MELTING FURNACES: Introduction to various types of furnaces.
Developments in cupola melting hot blast cupola, water cooled
cupola, balanced blast cupola, cokeless cupola, cupola charge
calculations. 10 Hrs
UNIT - III
RISERING AND GATING: Need for risering, general
considerations of risering, riser types, riser size and location.
Requirements of a riser. Sand, insulating, and exothermic materials
used for risers. Riser feeding distance and theory of risering. Riser
11

efficiency,methods to improve riser efficiency. Gating system
Classification, theoretical consideration of gating, laws of fluid flow,
turbulence in gating system, need for tapered sprue, gating ratio(
simple problems). SPECIAL MOULDING TECHNIQUES:
Principles, materials used, process details and application of no-bake
sand systems, vacuum moulding, flaskless moulding, and high
pressure moulding. 7 Hrs
UNIT -IV
FERROUS FOUNDRY: Melting procedures, casting characteristics,
production, specification, and properties of some typical steels, grey
cast iron, malleable iron, and spheroidal graphite cast iron
castings. NON-FERROUS FOUNDRY: Melting procedures, casting
characteristics, production, specification, and properties of some
typical aluminum, copper, and magnesium based alloy castings.
7 Hrs
UNIT V
MODERNIZATION AND MECHANIZATION OF FOUNDRY:
Need for modernization, and mechanization, moulding and core
making, melting, pouring, shake out equipment and fettling, dust and
fume control, material handling equipments for sand moulds and
cores, molten metal and castings, reclamation of sands. Pollution
control. 7 Hrs

TEXT BOOKS:
1. Principles of metal casting, Heine Loper & Rosenthal TMH -
2005
2. Principle of Foundry Technology, P. L. J ain, TMH 2006.

REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. Castings, J ohn Campbell, Second edition, Elseivier
2. Foundry Technology, P. N. Rao
3. Manufacturing Process, I, Dr. K. Radha Krishna 5
th
Edn. Sapna
Book House, Bangalore
4. Foundry Technology, O.P.Khanna. Dhanpat Rai Publications.

12

CONTROL ENGINEERING
UNIT-I
Introduction: Control system , open and closed loop control systems,
concept of feed back. 2 Hrs
Mathematical Model: Transfer functions models, Models of
mechanical systems, electrical systems, hydraulic systems and thermal
systems. 5 Hrs
UNIT-II
Block diagram and signal flow graph: Block representation of
system elements, example of the use of block diagrams, Block
diagram Reduction, Signal flow graph, Masons gain formula. 8 Hrs
UNIT-III
System Responses: Types of input signals, First order and second
order system response to step input, steady-state error, system types,
System stability criteria, Routh criteria. 8Hrs

UNIT-IV
Frequency Response: Polar and rectangular plots for the frequency
response, Nyquist stability criterion, stability analysis. Phase and gain
margin. 5 Hrs
System Analysis using logarithmic plots: Bode diagrams: Stability
analysis using Bode diagrams, simplified Bode diagrams. 5 Hrs

UNIT-V
System Analysis using Root locus Plots: General rules for
construction of Root Locus plots, analysis using root locus plot
Control action: Basic concept of Proportional control, integral
control, derivative control, proportional plus derivation control, PID
control. 5 Hrs

TEXT BOOKS:
1. Katsuhiko Ogata (2004) Modern Control Engineering Prentice
Hall of India Ltd., New Delhi
2. I. J. Nagarath and M. Gopal,(2002) Control system New Age
International Publisher

REFERENCE BOOKS:
13

1. Harrison H.L. and Bollinger J.G. (1968) Automatic controls,
2
nd
edition, International Text Book Co. U.S.A.
2. Gopal M (2005) Modern Control Systems, New Age
International Publisher
3. Benjamin.Kuo.C. (1995) Automatic Control Systems, EEE, 7
th

Edition Prentice Hall of India Ltd. New Delhi
4. Appukuttan K. K. Control Engineering , Oxford university
publication, 2009

REFRIGERATION AND AIR-CONDITIONING
UNIT - I
REFRIGERATION: Principles, ideal cycle, Bel, Coleman and Boot
strap air cycles, COP calculations. Refrigerants ECO friendly
refrigerants. 8 Hrs

UNIT - II
VAPOUR COMPRESSION SYSTEM: Thermodynamic analysis,
performance of system under varying operating conditions, cascade
refrigeration, multistage refrigeration working principles. 5 Hrs

VAPOUR ABSORPTION AND OTHER SYSTEMS: Ammonia -
water system, Lithium Bromide water system. Use of enthalpy
concentration charts, steam jet refrigeration and solar refrigeration
systems. 3 Hrs
UNIT - III
AIR CONDITIONING: Psychrometry, psychrometer, psychometric
processes, air conditioning cycles, cooling and reheat cycles, by-pass
factor humidification. 4 Hrs
COOLING LOAD: Effective temperature, comfort conditions,
sensible heat factor ratio, number of air changes, cooling/heating load
calculations. 3 Hrs
UNIT - IV
14

DUCT DESIGN AND AIR DISTRIBUTION: Considerations,
methods of duct design air distribution systems, fans and air
conditioning systems control. 8 Hrs

UNIT - V
BALANCING OF COMPONENTS: Condensers, air cooled, water
cooled and evaporative condensers, selection, evaporates flooded,
dry expansion , shell and tube and double pipe, compressors
reciprocating, rotary and centrifugal types. Expansion devices,
cooling towers. 8 Hrs

TEXT BOOK:
1. Manohar Prasad, Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Wiley
Eastem Limited, 1983.

REFERENCES:
1. Arora S.C. and Domkundwar S., Refrigeration and
Airconditioning, Dhanpat Rai and Sons, New Delhi, 1997.
2. Stocker, Refrigeration and Air Conditioning, Tata McGraw Hill
Publishing Company Ltd", 1981.
3. Roy J Dossat, Principles of Refrigeration S I Version, Wiley
Easten Limited , 1985.

DESIGN OF PRESSURE VESSEL & PIPING
UNIT - I
INTRODUCTION
Methods for determining stresses - Terminology and Ligament
Efficiency - Applications. 8 Hrs

UNIT - II
STRESSES IN PRESSURE VESSELS
Introduction - Stresses in a circular ring, cylinder - Membrane stress
Analysis of Vessel Shell components - Cylindrical shells, spherical
15

sheels, torispherical heads, conical head - Thermal stresses -
Discontinuity stresses in pressure vessels. 8 Hrs

UNIT - III
DESIGN OF VESSELS
Design of tall cylindrical self supporting process columns - supports
for short vertical vessels stress concentration - at a variable thickness
transition section in a cylindrical vessel, about a circular hole,
elliptical openings. Theory of reinforcement - pressure vessel design
7 Hrs
UNIT - IV
BUCKLING AND FRACTURE ANALYSIS IN VESSELS
Buckling phenomenon - Elastic Buckling of circular ring and
cylinders under external pressure - collapse of thick walled cylinders
or tubes under external pressure - effect of supports on Elastic
Buckling of cylinders - Buckling under combined External pressure
and axial loading - Control and significance of Fracture Mechanics in
Vessels - FEM application. 8 Hrs
UNIT - V
PIPING Introduction - Flow diagram - Piping layout and piping
stress Analysis. 8 Hrs

TEXT BOOK:
1. J ohn F. Harvey, Theory and Design of Pressure Vessels ", CBS
Publishers and Distributors, 1987.

REFERENCES:
1. Henry H. Bedner, " Pressure Vessels, Design Hand Book ", CBS
Publishers and Distributors, 1987.
2. Stanley, M. Wales, " Chemical Process Equipment, Selection and
Design. Buterworths series in Chemical Engineering ", 1988.

MODELING & SIMULATION OF
ENGINEERING SYSTEMS
UNIT - I
Fundamental Concepts in Mathematical Modeling: Abstraction -
linearity and superposition - balance and conservation laws and the
16

system - boundary approach 7 Hrs

UNIT - II
Lumped Element Modeling: Mechanical systems-Translational,
rotational. Hydraulic systems. Thermal systems, RLC Electrical
Systems. 8 Hrs

UNIT - III
Modeling of First- , order and Second-order Systems: Governing
equations for free and forced j responses - transient response
specifications - experimental determination laplace transform, Time
Domain, Frequency Domain and State Space: 8 Hrs
UNIT - IV
Frequency response of Linear, Time invariant systems - frequency
response of first-order and second-order systems - state space
formulations of systems, problems relating frequency response to pole
location transient response-poles and frequency response. Feedback
systems: 8 Hrs
UNIT - V
Systems with feedback - block diagrams - properties of feedback
systems - relative stability-phase and gain margins.
8 Hrs

TEXT BOOK:
1. Philip D Cha, J ames J Rosenberg and Clive L Dym, 'Fundamentals
of Modeling and Analyzing Engineering Systems', Cambridge
University, 2000.

REFERENCES:
1. Woods, Robert L, and Lawrence Kent L, 'Modeling and
Simulation of Dynamic Systems', Prentice Hall, 1997.
2. Amalendu Mukherjee, Ranjit Karmakar, 'Modeling and Simulation
of Engineering _- Systems through Bondgraphs', Narosa, 2000.
3. Close Frederick, 'Modeling and Analysis of Dynamic Systems',
Wiley.

17

ENGINEERING OPTIMIZATION
UNIT - I
Introduction to optimization: Statement of optimization problem -
classification of optimization problem - optimality criteria -
optimization techniques. 7 Hrs
UNIT - II
Classical optimization techniques - Non-linear programming: one
dimensional minimization methods: Bracketing methods, Region
elimination methods, gradient based methods. 8 Hrs
UNIT - III
Unconstrained optimization methods: direct methods, gradient based
methods. Constrained optimization methods: penalty function method,
direct methods - Multi objective optimization methods. 8 Hrs

UNIT - IV
Modern methods of optimization: Genetic Algorithms - Simulated
Annealing. 8 Hrs

UNIT - V
Global optimization methods - Neural-Network based Optimization.
Problems and Programming exercises using Matlab and C. 8 Hrs

TEXT BOOK:
1. Singiresu S Rao, 'Engineering Optimization, Theory and
Practice', New Age, 2003.

REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. Kalyanmoy Deb, 'Optimization for Engineering Design
2. Examples', Prentice Hall of India Private Limited, 2000.

ADVANCED MANUFACTURING PROCESSES
UNIT I
Tool-based Micro machining Conventional machining
18

Introduction, micro cutting, micro milling, micro tool geometry, effect
of feed rate on cutting force for different tool geometry, micro turning,
turning of microstructure array, Turning of brittle materials, micro
grooving and micro threading, micro drilling, burr formation in micro
drilling, effect of induced low frequency vibration on micro drilling,
fabrication of micro drills by Wire electro discharge grinding
(WEDG), Fly- cutting, burr formation mechanism, cutting mode in
micromachining, burr minimization, micro shaping, micro grinding.
7 Hrs
UNIT II
Tool-based Micro Machining Nonconventional machining
Micro Electro Discharge machining, Typical input and output
influence factors for micro-EDM, Process Characteristics, Advantages
and Drawbacks, Work Materials for Micro-EDM, Machinable Shapes,
Applicable Ranges, Wire Electro-discharge Grinding, basic process for
micro nozzle fabrication, Electrochemical micro machining, principle,
process characteristics advantages and drawbacks, work material for
electrochemical micromachining, machinable shapes, applicable
ranges, case study. Micro Ultrasonic Machining, process
characteristics advantages and drawbacks, work material for Micro
Ultrasonic Machining, machinable shapes, applicable ranges, case
study. 7 Hrs
UNIT III
High speed machining (HSM), definition of basic features of HSM,
physical aspects of HSM, HSM technology and appliances, HSM
spindle with tool clamping system, basic application of HSM
Technology, machining of thin-walled parts using HSM.
Dry and Semi-dry machining, Dry machine tools and equipment, dry
machining operations, introduction to near-dry machining, minimal
quantity lubrication (MQL) media and mixture spraying systems, near-
dry machine tools and machining operations.
Hard part machining (HM), definition of basic features of HM,
physical aspects of HM, applications of HM Technology, surface
finish produced by hard part machining.
High performance and high efficiency machining, high-
performance cutting (HPC), machine tools and tooling for high
performance cutting, simplified machining operations in HPC,
multitasking and one-pass machining, multitasking machines and
tooling. 7 Hrs

19

UNIT IV
Hybrid thermal machining and thermally assisted machining
processes
Hybrid thermal machining processes: Electro erosion dissolution
machining, electro-discharge grinding, abrasive electro-discharge
machining, EDM with ultrasonic assistance, electrochemical discharge
grinding, brush-erosion dissolution mechanical machining
Laser Assisted Machining (LAM), definition of basic features of
LAM, schematic diagram of LAM, Plasma Assisted Machining
(PAM), definition of basic features of LAM, effect of surface
temperature on cutting force. 8 Hrs
UNIT V
Sensor assisted Machining
Sensors and System Architecture: Sensing objective during
machining, multiple-sensor drive machining process control system,
monitoring methods in manufacturing, sensor application verses level
of precision and error-control parameters, sensors used for monitoring
metal cutting and grinding operations, construction of direct spindle
integrated with measuring ring and force sensors, tool monitoring
systems, intelligent monitoring system.
Practical Examples of Monitoring Systems for Metal Cutting
Applications: Monitoring systems on turning centres, drilling process
monitoring using sensors for torque and force measurements within the
tool holder and current sensor, Tool-condition monitoring systems, the
tool-breakage and tool-wear detection system, the collision-monitoring
system, Typical applications of the acoustic emission principle for
tool-condition monitoring, Method of dimensional error compensation
in precision hard turning, Fundamental structure of the sensor-based
intelligent manufacturing system, Hardware structure of the intelligent
machining centre, Sensor-assisted intelligent machining system.
Touch-trigger Probing and Laser Measuring Systems: Examples of
on-machine probing for tool and part measurements, 3D touch probes
for machine tools, Radio transmission (a) and inductive transmission
systems, Trigger signal transmission for touch probes using optical
transmission, tool setting probing systems for CNC lathes, high
precision pull-down arm (HPPA) and high precision removable arm
(HPRA), Laser system for monitoring of tool breakage, high speed
scanning probe and its use in measurements of cylinder bores, in-line
inspection using vision sensors. 10 Hrs

TEXT BOOKS:
20

1. Advanced Machining Processes of Metallic Materials, Wit
Grzesik, Elsevier Publications, 2008
2. Machining Fundamentals and recent advances, J . Paulo Davim,
Springer-Verlag Publications, 2008

REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. Advanced Machining Processes, Hassan El-Hofy, McGraw-Hill
Publications, 2005
2. Micromachining of Engineering Materials, J oseph McGeough,
Marcel Dekker Publications, 2002
3. MEMS/NEMS Handbook: Techniques and Applications,
Volume 3, Manufacturing Methods, Cornelius T. Leondes,
Springer-Verlag Publications, 2005

INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
UNIT I
SPARK IGNITION ENGINES:
Spark ignition Engine mixture requirements - Feedback Control
Carburettors -Fuel - Injection systems - Monopoint and Multipoint
injection - Stages of combustion - Normal and Abnormal combustion-
Factors affecting knock - Combustion Chambers - Introduction to
Thermodynamic analysis S.I. Engine combustion. 8 Hrs

UNIT II
COMPRESSION IGNITION ENGINES
States of combustion in C.I. Engine - Direct and indirect injection
systems - Combustion chambers - Fuel spray behaviour - spray
structure, spray penetration and evaporation - Air motion -
Turbocharging - Introduction to Thermodynamic Analysis of C.I.
Engine combustion. 8 Hrs

UNIT III
POLLUTANT FORMATION CONTROL:
21

Pollutant - Sources and types - formation of NOx - Hydro-carbon
Emission Mechanism - Carbon Monoxide Formation - Particulate
emissions - Methods of controlling Emissions- Catalytic converters
and Particulate Traps-Methods of measurements and Driving cycles.
8 Hrs
UNIT IV
ALTERNATIVE FUELS
Alcohol, Hydrogen, Natural Gas and Liquefied Petroleum Gas -
Properties, Suitability, Engine Modifications, Merits and Demerits as
fuels 8 Hrs

UNIT V
RECENT TRENDS
Learn Burn Engines - Stratified charge Engines - Gasoline Direct
Injection Engine - Homogeneous charge
Compression Ignition - Measurement techniques: Bosch Smoke meter,
Measurement of Brake Power by dynamometers 7 Hrs

TEXT BOOK:
1. J ohn B. Heywood, Internal Combustion Engine Fundamentals ",
McGraw Hill, 1988.
REFERENCES:
1. R.B.Mathur and R.P.Sharmal, " Internal Combustion Engines ".
2. Rowland S.Benson and N.D.Whitehouse, " Internal combustion
Engines ", Vol.I and II, Pergamon Press, 1983.
3. Duffy Smith, Auto fuel Systems , the Good Heart Willox
Company, Inc., 1987.

MAINTENANCE & RELIABILITY
ENGINEERING
UNIT- I
Introduction:
Need for maintenance, objectives, functions and importance of
maintenance systems, Type of maintenance systems planned,
22

breakdown, preventive, predictive, design-out, corrective,
opportunistic, Total Productive Maintenance
Condition based maintenance condition monitoring
Computers in maintenance introduction, features and benefits
8 Hrs
UNIT-II
Maintenance planning and Scheduling: Planning of maintenance,
manpower allocation, long range planning, short range planning,
planning techniques and procedures, estimation of maintenance work,
maintenance control, scheduling, repair order control, manpower
requirement, maintenance job analysis, spare parts control 7 Hrs

UNIT-III
Economics in Maintenance: Maintenance costs, repair, replacement,
repair complexity, finding out most optimal Preventive Maintenance
frequency, Numerical problems are required Diagnostic maintenance
wear monitoring, temperature monitoring, vibration monitoring,
lubricant analysis 7 Hrs
UNIT-IV
Introduction to Reliability definition, failure data analysis
introduction, failure data, MTTF, MTBF, Hazard model
introduction, Weibull model, some important distributions Numerical
problems required. 7 Hrs
UNIT-V
System reliability - introduction, series, parallel, mixed configuration,
series-parallel, parallel-series configurations, methods of solving
complex systems. Reliability improvement introduction,
improvement of components, redundancy types, optimization,
reliability cost trade off Maintainability and Availability
introduction, reliability and maintainability trade off. 8 Hrs

TEXT BOOKS:
1. Maintenance Engineering and Management by R.C.Mishra and
K.Pathak, Prentice Hall of India, 2002.
2. Maintenance Engineering Handbook by Higgins and Morrow, Tata
McGraw Hill, 1985.
3. Reliability Engineering by L.S.Srinath, Affiliated East West Press
Pvt. Ltd., 1998.

REFERENCE BOOKS:
23

1. Mechanical Fault Diagnosis and Condition Monitoring by
R.A.Collacott, McGraw Hill, 1985.
2. Management of Industrial Maintenance by Kelley A., and Harris,
M.J ., Newnes-Butter worth.
3. Maintenance Engineering Handbook by Morrow, 2002.

COMPUTER INTEGRATED
MANUFACTURING
UNIT I
Production Development Through CIM: Computers in Industrial
manufacturing, Product cycle & Production development cycle,
Introduction of CAD/CAM & CIM, sequential and concurrent
engineering, soft and hard prototyping.
Computer Process Monitoring: Process control methods, direct
digital control, supervisory computer control, steady state optimal
control, on line search strategies, adaptive control. 8 Hrs
UNIT II
Computer Aided Quality Control: The computer in Q.C, automated
inspection principles and methods, Contact inspection methods, non-
contact inspection methods, machine vision system, optical inspection
method, sensors, coordinate, measuring machine, Computer-Aided
testing, Integration of CAQL with CAD/CAM. 8 Hrs

UNIT III
Computer Integrated Manufacturing: Fundamentals of CAD/CAM,
Computerized Manufacturing planning systems, shop floor control &
automatic identification techniques. Computer Network for
manufacturing and the future automated factor. Detroit Type of
Automation: Flow lines, Transfer Mechanisms, work pattern transfer,
Different methods, & Problems. 7 Hrs

UNIT IV
Analysis of Automated Flow Lines: Analysis of transfer lines
without storage with storage buffer single stage, Double stage,
Multistage with problems, Automated assembly systems, Design for
automated assembly, parts feeding devices, analysis of Multi station
assembly machine, Analysis of Single stage assembly machine. 8 Hrs
24

UNIT V
Automated Material Handling Storage: Material functions, types of
material handling equipment, analysis of material handling systems,
design of system, conveyor system, automated guided vehicle
systems, automated storage/retrieval systems, caroused storage
systems work in process storage, interfacing handling & storage with
manufacturing 8 Hrs
TEXT BOOKS:
1. M.P. Grover, Automation, Production Systems & Computer
Integrated Manufacturing, Prentice Hall.
2. Groover Mikell P. and Zimmer Emory W. (2003) Computer
Aided design and Manufacturing Prentice Hall Publications,
New Delhi

REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. P. Radhakrishna, CAD/CAM/CIM, New Age International.
2. Zeid, CAD/CAM, Mc-Graw Hill.
3. P.N.Rao., CAD/CAM,
4. Robotics for Engineers, Yorem Koren, McGraw-Hill Publication,
International edition, 1987
5. Rooks B. (ed), Robot Vision & Sensory Controls, vol-3
North Holland.
Scheme Examination:

DESIGN FOR MANUFACTURE AND
ASSEMBLY
UNIT I
Selection of materials and processes: Phases of design - General
requirements, material and process selection, effect of material
properties and manufacturing process on design-- The material
25

selection process- DFM approach, DFM guidelines. 8 Hrs

UNIT II
Product design for manual assembly, automatic assembly and robotic
assembly, Computer aided DFMA. Process capability, mean, variance,
skewness, kurtosis, process capability metrics, Cp, Cpk, Cost aspects,
feature, tolerances. 8 Hrs

UNIT III
Geometric tolerances, surface finish, review of relationship between
attainable tolerance grades and different machining process,
cumulative effect of tolerances, sure fit law, normal law and truncated
normal law, Selective assembly. Datum systems-Feature location,
Comparison between co-ordinate and convention method of feature
location, tolerancing and true position tolerancing, virtual size
concept, floating and fixed fasteners, projected tolerance zone,
assembly with gasket, zero true position tolerance, functional gauges,
paper layout gauging, compound assembly, examples. 9 Hrs

UNIT IV
Redesign of castings based on parting line considerations, minimizing
core requirements, redesigning cast members using weldments, use of
welding symbols. Operation sequence for typical shaft type of
components, preparation of process drawings for of different
operations. 7 Hrs
UNIT V
Tolerance worksheets and centrality analysis, examples. Design
features to facilitate machining, datum features - functional and
manufacturing, component design machining considerations, redesign
for manufacture, examples. 7 Hrs

TEXT BOOK:
1. Harry Peck, 'Designing for Manufacture', Pitman Publications,
1983.

REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. Creveling, CM., 'Tolerance Design - A Hand Book for Developing
Optimal Specifications', Addison Wesley Longman, Inc, 1997.
2. J ames G. Bralla, 'Design for Manufacturability Handbook',
McGraw-Hill Publications, 1999.

26

MATERIALS MANAGEMENT
UNIT I
Introduction Meaning, definition, functions of materials management,
Concept of integrated material management, Relationship of material
management with other Organizational functions. 8 Hrs

UNIT II
Material Planning & Budgeting: Need for material planning, Factors
affecting material planning, Techniques of material planning; Material
classification, codification and standardization; Material budgeting -
meaning and need, techniques of material budgeting. 8 Hrs

UNIT III
Inventory Control: Need and meaning of inventory, types of
inventory, functions of inventory control, Inventory costs, Inventory
control tool - ABC, VED, XYZ and FSN: Economic order Quantity
and replenishment of stocks. Physical control of inventory: Fixed
order, Two bin and Kardex systems - Material requirement planning
(MRP-I) Spare parts control for maintenance purposes. Evaluation of
inventory control performance. Concept of J ust-in-Time (J IT). Use of
computers for inventory control 9 Hrs

UNIT IV
Purchasing: Purchasing principles, procedures and systems, Functions
of purchasing, Make-or-buy decision, Vendor development and
vendor rating. Factors affecting purchase decisions, Legal aspects of
purchasing, Documentation and procedure for import. 7 Hrs

UNIT V
Storage: Functions and importance of store keeping, types of stores,
store accounting and store verification, Legal aspects of store keeping,
Management of surplus, scrap and obsolete items. Importance of
material handling in store keeping, handling equipment. 7 Hrs

TEXT BOOK:
1. Materials Management by M.M Verma, S. Chand and Sons

27

REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. Material Management - An Integrated Approach by Gopal Krishnan
and Sundaresan : Prentice Hall
2. Purchasing and materials management by Dobbler and Burt; Tata
McGraw Hill
3. Inventory control by Starr and Miller

PRODUCT DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT
UNIT - I
VISUAL DESIGN:
Basic elements and concept of visual design: line color, Balance
proportion, Size shape mass, unity and variety, Special relationships
and composition in two and three dimensions. 8 Hrs

UNIT - II
FORM & COLOR Elementary forms their characteristics and
significance in design. Form transition, Form in relation to
ergonomics, material and manufacturing process, color as an element
of design, color clarification dynamics, interrelation of colors, colors
and traditions; Psychological use of color form and material. 8 Hrs

UNIT - III
PRODUCT GRAPHICS: Meaning and objectives of product graphics.
Basic principles of graphic design, Visual communication aspects of
product graphics, Graphics of displays and control panels, 7 Hrs

UNIT - IV
PRODUCT DETALING: Standard fastening and joining details in
different materials; Temporary and permanent joints: Detailing for
plastic products, Detailing for fabricated products in sheet metal. 8 Hrs
UNIT - V
PRODUCTS DEVELOPMENT: Definition and objective, Role of
designer in product development. Manufacturing and economic
28

aspects of product development, Product promotions, product
developments, 8 Hrs
TEXT BOOK:
1. Mayall W.H., Industrial Design for Engineers London Liifee
Books Ltd. 1967

REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. Dale Huchingson R New Horizons for Human Factors in Design
McGraw Hill Company 19811.Indistrial Design-Mayall
2. Engineering Design- Svensson.
3. Engineering Design-Matousek
4. Mccormick K.J . (Ed) Human Factor Engineering 4th edition
McGraw Hill Book Company Ltd. USA 1992

DESIGN OF AIRCRAFT STRUCTURE
UNIT -I
Chapter-1-Overview of the Aircraft Design Process
Introduction, Phases of Aircraft Design, Aircraft Conceptual Design
Process, Conceptual Stage, Preliminary Design, Detailed Design,
Design Drivers, Take of weight estimation using design example:
ASW aircraft.
Airworthiness- Definition, Airworthiness Regulations, Regulatory
Bodies, US FAR and Subparts of FAR Part 25,Type certification,
General Requirements, Requirements Related to Aircraft Design -
Performance and Stability Requirements, Airframe (strength)
Requirements, Landing Requirements, Fatigue and Damage tolerance
requirements, Emergency Provisions, Emergency Landing
requirements. 4 Hrs
Chapter-2 -Aircraft Loads
Aerodynamic Loads, Inertial Loads, Loads due to engine, Actuator
Loads, Maneuver Loads, V-n diagrams, Gust Loads, Ground Loads,
Ground conditions, Miscellaneous Loads. Simple numerical examples.
2 Hrs
Chapter 3- Aircraft Structures Description
29

Types of Structural members of Fuselage and wing section and
empennage, Splices, Types of structural joints, splices and fuselage
floor structure. 1 Hrs
UNIT- II
Chapter 4-Aircraft Materials and properties 3 Hrs
Chapter 5- Static and Fatigue Failures
Principal stresses, principal strains, Mohrs circle for stress and strain,
Fatigue Failures, Fatigue theory, Introduction to Low cycle Fatigue,
Stress Life and Strain Life Techniques, Mean stress effects, Multi-
axial Effects, Introduction to high cycle fatigue. 4 Hrs

UNIT-III
Chapter 6-Theroy of bars ,Beams, Shafts and Columns
Axially loaded structures, Methods of analysis-Method of joints and
Method of sections, Space truss.
Beam theory, Section properties, Deflection of beams, Symmetric and
Unsymmetric bending, Plastic bending, Shear stress in beams, Shear
center, Torsion of Solid Sections, Torsion of Thin walled-open and
closed sections, Columns Theory-Euler equation, Effective column
length, Plasticity effects, Thin walled columns-Crippling, Beam
columns. 8 Hrs
UNIT-IV
Chapter 7- Box Beams
Box Beams- Introduction, Shear flow due to shear, Shear flow due to
torsion-Bredt Baths, Single and Multicell Boxes. 4 Hrs
Chapter -8 Buckling of Thin Sheets
Buckling of thin sheets, Buckling of flat plate in compression and
shear, Buckling of curved plates in compression and shear, buckling
of stiffened panels-post buckling, effective width, Concept of diagonal
tension, buckling under combined loads. 8 Hrs

UNIT -V
Chapter 9- Aircraft Structural Joints
Introduction, Fasteners, Splices, and Eccentric joints-Bolt Group
Analysis, Lug Analysis(Lugs loaded axially only), Tension Fitting
and clips, Welded joints, Bonded joints 3 Hrs
Chapter10- Advanced materials, Vibrations and Flutter
30

Introduction to Comp Materials, Matrices, Fibers, Forms,
Characteristics of composite materials, Brief overview of static and
dynamic aero elasticity (definition and importance only) 2 Hrs

TEXT BOOKS:
1. Aircraft Design-A Conceptual Approach by Daniel P.Raymer,
AIAA Education, series,6
th
Edition
2. Airframe Structural Design by Michael Niu, Conmilit Press,
1988,2
nd
Edition.
3. Airframe Stress Analysis and Sizing by Michael Niu, Conmilit
Press, 1999,3
rd
Edition
4. Aircraft Structures for engineering students by T. H. G. Megson,
Butterworth- Heinemann,Third Edition
5. The Elements of Aircraft Preliminary Design Roger D.
Schaufele, Aries Publications, 2000
6. An Introduction to Aircraft Certification; A Guide to
Understanding J aa, Easa and FAA by Filippo De Florio,
Butterworth-Heinemann

Web resources
1. http://www.aero.org/
2. http://www.rl.af.mil/rrs/resources/griffiss_aeroclub/aircraft.html
3. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tesla_turbine
4. http://ameslib.arc.nasa.gov/randt/1999/aero/aero.html
5. http://www.ctas.arc.nasa.gov/project_description/pas.html
6. http://www.moog.com/noq/_acoverview__c463/
7. http://www.dcmt.cranfield.ac.uk/aeroxtra/e339.htm
8. http://www.aeromech.usyd.edu.au/structures/as/acs1-p4.htm
9. http://www.av8n.com/how/htm/xref.html
10. http://www.aviation-history.com/video.html

31

HEAT TRANSFER
UNIT-I
INTRODUCTORY CONCEPTS AND DEFINITIONS:
Modes of heat transfer; Basic laws governing conduction, convection,
and radiation heat transfer; Thermal conductivity; convective heat
transfer coefficient; Radiation heat transfer coefficient; combined heat
transfer mechanism.
CONDUCTION-BASIC EQUATIONS:
General form of three dimensional heat conduction equation in
rectangular, coordinate. Discussion (no derivation) on three
dimensional conduction in cylindrical and spherical coordinate
systems. Boundary conditions of first, second and third kinds.
ONE-DIMENSIONAL STEADY STATE CONDUCTION:
Steady state conduction in a slab, in a cylinder and in a sphere without
heat generation. Overall heat transfer coefficient for a composite
medium; thermal contact resistance; critical thickness of insulation;
Steady state conduction in fins of uniform cross section long fin, fin
with insulated tip and fin with convection at the tip; fin efficiency;
conduction in solids with variable thermal conductivity. 14 Hrs

UNIT-II
ONE-DIMENSIONAL TRANSIENT CONDUCTION:
Conduction in solids with negligible internal temperature gradients
(Lumped system analysis); Use of transient Temperature charts
(Heisler 's Charts) for transient conduction in slab, long cylinder and
sphere; use of transient temperature charts for transient conduction in
semi infinite solids.
CONCEPTS AND BASIC RELATIONS IN BOUNDARY
LAYERS:
Flow over a body-Velocity boundary layer; Critical Reynolds
number; General expressions for drag coefficient and drag force;
Thermal boundary layer; general expression for local heat transfer
coefficient; Average heat transfer coefficient; Nusselt number. Flow
inside a duct-velocity boundary layer hydrodynamic entrance length
and hydro dynamically developed flow; expressions for friction factor
for hydro dynamically developed laminar flow through tubes. growth
of thermal boundary layer for constant wall temperature and constant
32

wall heat flux conditions; thermal entrance length and thermally
developed flow. 12 Hrs

UNIT-III
FORCED CONVECTION:
Application of dimensional analysis for forced convection problems.
Physical significance of Reynolds, Prandtl, Nusselt and Stanton
numbers. Use of various correlations for hydro -dynamically and
thermally developed flows; use of correlations for flow over a flat
plate, over a cylinder and across
FREE OR NATURAL CONVECTION:
Application of dimensional analysis for free convection- physical
significance of Grashoff number; Use of correlations for free
convection from or to vertical, horizontal and inclined flat plates,
vertical and horizontal cylinders. 12 Hrs

UNIT-IV
CONDENSATION AND BOILING:
Types of condensation; Nusselt's theory for laminar condensation on a
vertical flat surface-expressions for film thickness and heat transfer
coefficient; use of correlations for condensation on inclined flat
surfaces, horizont_1 tube and horizontal tube banks; Reynolds number
for condensate flow; Regimes of pool boiling-Pool boiling
correlations.

HEAT EXCHANGERS:
Classification of heat exchangers; overall heat transfer coefficient,
Fouling and fouling factor; LMTD and NTU methods of analysis of
heat exchangers. 12 Hrs

UNIT-V
RADIATION HEAT TRANSFER:
Thermal radiation; Definitions of various terms used in radiation heat
transfer; Stefan-Boltzman law, Kirchoff's law, Planck's Law and
Wein's displacement law' Radiation heat exchange between two
parallel infinite black surfaces, between two parallel infinite gray
surfaces; Effect of radiation shield; Intensity of radiation and solid
angle; Lambert's Law; Radiation heat exchange between two finite
surfaces - configuration factor or view factor; properties of view
factors; determination of view factors-view factor algebra; Hottel's
cross string formula; Network method for radiation heat exchange in
an enclosure. 10 Hrs
33

TEXT BOOKS:
1. Heat Transfer by P. K. Nag Tata McGraw Hill 2002
2. Heat Transfer - A Basic approach by M Necati Ozisik, McGraw
Hill International ed 1988.
3. Heat Transfer by Domkundvar

REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. Heat Transfer - a Practical approach by Yunus A Cengel Tata
McGraw Hill 2002.
2. Principles of Heat Transfer by Kreith Thomas learning 2001.
3. Fundamentals of Heat and Mass Transfer by Frank P. Incropera and
David P. Dewitt J hon wiley and Sons 4th ed 1995.

Scheme Examination:
TWO questions to be set from each unit and Students shall answer
from each unit.

HEAT TRANSFER LAB
Hrs /week : 3
The students are required to carry out any 10 experiments from the
following list.
1. Determination of Thermal conductivity of a Metal rod.
2. Determination of overall heat transfer coefficient of a Composite
Wall.
3. Determination of Effectiveness on a metallic fin.
4. Determination of Heat Transfer co-efficient in a free convection
wall.
5. Determination of Heat Transfer co-efficient in a forced convention
flow through a pipe.
6. Determination of emmissivity of a surface.
7. Determination of Stefan Boltzman constant.
8. Determination of LMTD and effectiveness in a parallel flow and
counter flow Heat exchanger.
34

9. Experiments on Boiling of liquid and condensation of vapour.
10. Performance Test on a Vapour Compression Refrigerator.
11. Performance test on a Vapour Compression Air-conditioner.
12. Experiment on Transient conduction Heat Transfer.

Scheme of Examination:
Students are required to carry out Two experiments in Semester End
Exam
Experiment 1: 20 marks
Experiment 2: 20 marks
Viva Voce: 10 marks
Total: 50 Marks

PROJECT II
Hrs /week : 12
The project work involves the following:

A report highlighting the design finalization [based on
functional requirements & standards (if any) ]
Fabrication, assembly, testing and performance analysis of
the designed project
A presentation including the following:
Implementation Phase (Hardware / Software / both)
Testing & Validation of the developed system
Learning in the Project
Consolidated report preparation

Objectives of the course on project work:
To expose engineering students to technology development at
workplaces and appraise them regarding shop-floor problems To
provide practical experience in solving open ended problems in real
work setting so as to cause transfer of college based knowledge and
skills to solve practical problems and thereby develop confidence in
35

the students in the analysis, synthesis and evaluation of practical
problems leading to creative thinking Programme.

During this work bench involvement, students will be given 3-4
practical problems. The problems assigned should be of mutual
interest to the students and the industry. The problem may belong to 3
or 4 different functional areas. To illustrate, following are some of the
suggestions:

Design of a prototype Programming of CNC machines Calibration
and testing of instruments Productivity Improvement Studies
Pollution control related problems Capacity Planning and Capital
Budgeting Safety Management Optimum utilization of resources
Conflict Management methodology. The industrial organizations
where students are to be sent for problem solving project-oriented
work bench involvement may be selected well in advance The
faculty of the department is expected to visit the selected industries
and identify suitable problems to be handled by students. It will be
desirable that problems be matched with the interests of students.
It is recommended that a group of 5-6 students be guided by one
faculty member during this period.

SCHEME OF EVALUATION: Project demonstration, Viva voce
Total marks: 200 Marks

The distribution of marks shall be proportioned based on the type of
the project and it is based on fulfilling the following requisites.

The evaluation of students is proposed to be done by internal faculty
with active involvement of industrial personnel. The evaluation may
be based on following criteria:
Punctuality and Attendance Interpersonal relations
Sense of Responsibility
- Clarity of concepts, principles and procedures
Self expression/communication skills
Report Writing Skills
Creativity/conceiving new and unusual ideas
Problem-solving skills
At the end of the project work course students are required to submit a
working model of the equipment they have designed and developed or
if it is a theoretical or experimental work, they are expected to study a
detailed analysis and findings from their work.
36

INDUSTRIAL TRIBOLOGY
UNIT-I
Introduction: introduction to Tribology, industrial significance,
introduction to micro/ nano tribology
Friction: introduction, laws of friction, types of friction sliding,
rolling, friction of metals, friction of ceramics, polymers, stick-slip,
topography of engineering surfaces, contact between surfaces. 7 Hrs

UNIT -II
Wear introduction, types of wear mechanisms adhesive, abrasive,
fatigue, impact, corrosive wear, wear of materials metals and alloys,
ceramics, polymers, quantitative laws of wear, wear measurement.
8 Hrs
UNIT-III
Lubrication and lubricants types and properties of lubricants,
viscosity, Newtons Law of viscosity, Hagen-Poiseuille law
Fluid film lubrication Hydrostatic, Hydrodynamic,
Elastohydrodynamic, Mixed, Boundary, flow between parallel plates,
viscosity measuring apparatus, effect of temperature and pressure on
viscosity. 7 Hrs
UNIT-IV
Hydrodynamic lubrication mechanism of pressure development,
Idealized journal bearing infinitely long bearing, infinitely short
journal bearing, Petroff equation, Design of journal bearing, numerical
problems.
Bearing materials commonly used bearing materials, properties of
typical bearing materials. 8 Hrs
UNIT-V
Hydrostatic lubrication introduction, systems, step bearing load
carrying capacity, oil flow, design for max stiffness, numerical
problems
Tribological components and applications gears, cams, piston rings,
cutting tools, industrial applications at least one.
Micro / nano tribology introduction, AFM / FFM description,
measurements 8 Hrs

TEXT BOOKS:
1. Introduction to Tribology of Bearings B.C.Majumdar, S. Chand
& Company Ltd., New Delhi, 2008.
37

2. Principles and Applications of Tribology Bharat Bhushan, J ohn
Wiley and Sons Inc., 1999.
3. Tribology in Industries Sushil Kumar Srivastava, S. Chand &
Co. Ltd., New Delhi, 2001.

REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. Friction and Wear of Engineering Material I.M. Hutchings,
Edward Arnold, London, 1992.
2. Theory and Practice of Lubrication for Engineers Dudley Fuller,
J ohn Wiley and Sons Inc., 1956.

TOOL ENGINEERING DESIGN
UNIT -I
Theory of Metal cutting Mechanics of chip formation, nomenclature
of single point tool, designation of cutting tools, orthogonal and
oblique cutting, types of chips produced, tool wear and tool life
Cutting tools materials, properties, classification, selection,
multipoint cutting tools milling cutters, drills. 8 Hrs

UNIT-II
Design of Single point tool types of cutting tools, chip breakers,
design of shank section for single point tool to account for strength
and rigidity
Design of multipoint tools milling cutter, drill and reamer 8 Hrs

UNIT-III
Design of J igs and Fixtures difference between a jig and a fixture,
function of jigs and fixtures, design procedures for drill jig and
fixtures, principles of location, different types of locators, principles
of clamping, types of clamps, drill bushes and plates, types of drill
bushes, bush materials. 7 Hrs

UNIT-IV
Design of drill jigs types of drill jigs, jig and machine relationship,
jig body and jig feet
Design of fixtures milling fixture, turning fixture, grinding fixture
and broaching fixture 8 Hrs

38

UNIT-V
Design of Press tools press operations, press tool components, press
working terminology, types of dies, design of blanking die, design of
drawing die, design of bending die 8 Hrs

TEXT BOOKS:
1. A text book of Production Engineering P. C. Sharma, S. Chand
& Co. Ltd., Latest Edition.
2. Tool Design Donaldson, LeCain and Goold, Tata McGraw-Hill
Publishing Co. Ltd., 2000
3. ASTME Fundamentals of Tool Design

REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. Production Technology HMT Tata McGraw Hill Publishing
Ltd.
2. J igs and Fixtures Kempster, ELBS
3. Metal Cutting Principles M.C.Shaw, Oxford Clarendon Press,
1984.
4. Fundamentals of Machining and Machine Tools Boothroyd, D.G.
and Knight, W.A., Mercel Dekker, 1989.

NON DESTRUCTIVE TESTING
UNIT -I
Introduction to Non Destructive Testing, Selection of ND methods,
Visual Inspection, Leak testing brief introduction, Liquid Penetrant
Inspection principle, advantages, limitations and applications,
Magnetic Particle Inspection methods of generating magnetic fields,
types of magnetic particles, suspension liquids, steps in inspection,
advantages, limitations and applications. 8 Hrs

UNIT-II
Eddy Current Inspection principle, operation, operating variables,
procedure, inspection coils, detectable discontinuities, advantages and
limitations.
39

Industrial Computed Tomography basic principles, capabilities and
comparison with other NDT methods, applications
Thermal inspection principles, equipment, inspection methods,
applications 8 Hrs
UNIT-III
Ultrasonic Inspection basic equipment, advantages, limitations,
applications, characteristics of ultrasonic waves, major variables in
ultrasonic inspection, basic inspection methods pulse echo,
transmission, transducer elements, couplants, search units, inspection
standards 8 Hrs
UNIT-IV
Radiographic Inspection principles, limitations, radiation sources
X rays, rays, recording media, film types and selection,
interpretation of radiographs, image quality, penetrameters
Electron radiography, Neutron radiography, Xero-radiography,
application of radiographic inspection in industry 8 Hrs
UNIT-IV
Acoustic Emission Inspection principle, comparison of AE with
other inspection methods, applications, AE waves and propagation,
AE sensors and preamplifiers, instrumentation principles, applications
7 Hrs
TEXT BOOKS:
1. NDE and Quality Control, Vo.17, ASM Hand book, 9
th
Edition,
1989.
2. Practical Non-Destructive Testing, Baldev Raj, T.J ayakumar,
M.Thavasimuthu, Narosa Publishers.
3. Non Destructive Test and Evaluation of Materials, J .Prasad and C
G K Nair, Tata McGraw Hill.

COMPOSITE MATERIALS TECHNOLOGY
UNIT - I
INTRODUCTION
Limitations of conventional materials - Definition of composite
materials Types of composites, properties and characteristics of
different types of composites, Reinforcement of matrix materials,
Applications of different types of composites 8 Hrs
40

UNIT - II
MATERIALS
Types of Fibres materials Types of polymer matrix- Metal matrix
and Ceramic matrix - Coupling agents, fillers and additives - Metal
Matrix and Ceramic matrix materials, Coupling agents, Fillers and
additives. Techniques used to manufacture Metal matrix and ceramic
composites.
UNIT - III
MANUFACTURING
Fundamentals - bag moulding - compression moulding pultrusion-
filament winding - other manufacturing
process - quality inspection and non-destructive testing. 8 Hrs
UNIT - IV
DESIGN
Fabrication of Composites, cutting, machining, drilling, joint design,
mechanical and adhesive bonding, joining, tooling, fabrication
equipment. 7 Hrs
UNIT - V
MECHANICS AND PERFORMANCE
Introduction to micro-mechanics-unidirectional lamina - laminates -
interlaminar stresses - static mechanical properties - fatigue properties
- impact properties - enviromental effects - fracture mechanics and
toughening mechanisms, damage prediction, failure modes. 8 Hrs

TEXT BOOKS:
1. Ronald Gibson, Principles of Composite Material Mechanics ",
Tata McGraw Hill, 1994.
2. Micael hyer, " Stress Analysis of Fiber - Reinforced Composite
Materials ", Tata McGraw Hill, 1998.

REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. P.K.Mallicak, " Fiber-reinforced composites ", Monal Deklar Inc.,
New York, 1988.
2. B.D. Agarwal and L.J .Broutman, " Analysis and Performance of
Fiber Composites ", J ohn Wiley and Sons, New York, 1980.
3. F.L.Matthews & R.D.Rawlings, " Composite Materials,
Engineering and Sciences ", Chapman & hall, London, 19

41

MARKETING MANAGEMENT
UNIT I
BASICS
Definition, Marketing Process, Dynamics, Needs, Wants & Demands,
Marketing Concepts, Environment, mix, types, philosophies, Selling
Vs. Marketing, organisation, Industrial Vs. Consumer Marketing,
Consumer goods, Industrial goods, Product hierarcy. 8 Hrs

UNIT II
BUYING BEHAVIOUR & MARKET SEGMENTATION
Cultural, Demographic factors, Motives, types, Buying decisions,
segmentation factors, Demographic, Psychographic & Geographic
Segmentation, Process, Patterns. 7 Hrs

UNIT - III
PRODUCT PRICING & MARKETING RESEARCH
Objectives, pricing, Decisions and Pricing methods, Pricing
Management. Introduction, Uses, process of Marketing Research.
8 Hrs

UNIT - IV
MARKETING PLANNING & STRATEGY FORMULATION
Components of a marketing plan, strategy formulations and the
marketing process, implementation, Portfolio analysis, BCG, GEC
grids. 8 Hrs
UNIT - V
ADVERTISING, SALES PROMOTION & DISTRIBUTION
Characteristics, Impact, goals, types, Sales promotion-Point of
Purchase, Unique Selling proposition.
Characteristics, Wholesaling, Retailing, channel design, logistics,
Modern Trends in retailing. 8 Hrs

TEXT BOOK:
1. Govindarajan.M. 'Modern Marketing Management', Narosa
Publishing House, New Delhi, 1999.

42

REFERENCES:
1. Philip Kolter, " Marketing Management: Analysis, Planning,
Implementation and Control ", 1998.
2. Green Paul.E. and Donald Tull, " Research for Marketing
Decisions ", 1975.
3. Ramaswamy.V.S. and S.Namakumari, " Marketing Environment:
Planning, Implementation and Control the Indian Context ", 1990
4. J ean Plerre J annet Hubert D Hennessey Global Marketing
Strategies.

WIND AND SOLAR POWER ENGINEERING
UNIT - I
PRINCIPLE OF SOLAR RADIATION
Solar Radiation - Empirical Equations - Solar Chart - Measurements
of Solar Radiation and Sunshine Solar Radiation Data. 8 Hrs

UNIT II
SOLAR THERMAL ENERGY CONVERSION
Solar Thermal Collectors - Flat Plate and Concentrating Collectors -
Solar Heating and Cooling Techniques - Solar Desalination - Solar
Pond - Industrial Process Heat - Solar Thermal Power Plant - Solar
Thermal Energy Storage 8 Hrs
UNIT - III
SOLAR PHOTO VOLTAICS
Introduction - Fundamentals of photo Voltaic Conversion - Solar Cells
- PV Systems - PV Applications. 8 Hrs

UNIT IV
WIND ENERGY
Wind Data and Energy Estimation - Wind Energy Conversion
Systems - Wind Energy Collectors and its
Performance - Wind Energy Storage - Applications of Wind Energy -
Safety and Environmental Aspects 7 Hrs
43

UNIT - V
ECONOMIC ANALYSIS
Introduction - Net present value concept - Life cycle cost method -
Cost benefit comparison method Payback method. 8 Hrs

TEXT BOOKS:
1. WS.P. Suknofme, " Solar Energy Principle of Thermal Collection
and Storage ", (1997), Tata Mc Graw Hill Publishing Company
Ltd., New Delhi.
2. G.D.Rai, " Non Conventional Energy Sources ", (1999), Khanna
Publishers, New Delhi.

REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. H.P.Garg and J .Prakash, " Solar Energy, Fundamentals and
Applications " (1997), Tata McGraw Hill Publishing Company
Ltd., New Delhi.
2. B.S.Magal, " Solar Power Engineering " (1993), Tata McGraw Hill
Publishing Company Ltd., New Delhi.
3. J .R.Howell, R.B.Bannerot and G.C.Vtiet, " Solar Thermal Systems
", (1982), Tata Mc Graw Hill Publishing Company Ltd., New
Delhi.
4. J .A.Duffie and W.A.Beckman, " Solar Engineering of Thermal
Process " (1991), J ohn Wiley,New York.
5. Golding E.W. " The Generation of Electricity by Wind Power ",
(1976), E and F N Spon Ltd., London.
6. Le Gourieres D., " Wind Power Plant, Theory and Design ",
(1982), Pergamon Press, France.

44

ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND EXPERT
SYSTEMS
UNIT I
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE: Introduction, definition,
underlying assumption, importance of AI, AI and related fields.
SPACE REPRESENTATION: Defining a problem. Production
systems and its characteristics, Search and Control strategies
Generate and Test, Hill Climbing, Best first Search, Problem
reduction, Constraint Satisfaction, Means Ends Analysis. 8 Hrs

UNIT II
KNOWLEDGE REPRESENTATION ISSUES: Representations
and Mappings, Types of knowledge Procedural Vs Declarative,
Logic programming. Forward Vs Backward reasoning, Matching.
USE OF PREDICATE LOGIC: Representing simple facts, Instance
and Isa relationships, Syntax and Semantics for Prepositional logic,
FQPL and properties of Wffs, Conversion to Clausal form,
Resolution, Natural deduction. 8 Hrs

UNIT III
STATISTICAL AND PROBABILISTIC REASONING: Symbolic
reasoning under uncertainty,Probability and Bayes theorem,
Certainity factors and Rule based systems, Bayesian Networks, Shafer
Theory, Fuzzy Logic. 8 Hrs

UNIT IV
EXPERT SYSTEMS: Structure and uses, Representing and using
domain knowledge, Expert System Shells. Pattern recognition
Learning classification patterns, recognizing and understanding
speech. Introduction to knowledge Acquisition, Types of Learning.
7 Hrs

UNIT V
TYPICAL EXPERT SYSTEMS: MYCIN, Variants of MYCIN,
PROSPECTOR, DENDRAL, PUFF, ETC.
INTRODUCTION TO MACHINE LEARNING: Perceptrons,
Checker Playing Examples, Learning Automata, Genetic Algorithms,
Intelligent Editors. 8 Hrs

45

TEXT BOOKS:
1. Artificial Intelligence, Elaine Rich & Kevin Knight, M/H 1983.
2. Introduction to AI & ES, Dan W. Patterson, Prentice Hall of
India, 1999.

REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. Principles of Artificial Intelligence, Springer Verlag, Berlin,
1981.
2. Artificial Intelligence in business, Science & Industry, Wendy
B. Ranch
3. A guide to expert systems, Waterman, D.A., Addison Wesley
inc. 1986
4. Building expert systems, Hayes, Roth, Waterman, D.A. Addison
Wesley, 1983

Scheme Examination:

FLUID POWER SYSTEMS
UNIT -I
FLUID POWER PRINCIPLES AND FUNDAMENTALS
Introduction to Fluid power - Advantages and Applications - Fluid
power systems -Types of fluids - Properties of fluids - Basics of
Hydraulics - Pascal's Law -Principles of flow -Work, Power and
Torque - Properties of air - Perfect Gas Laws Types of Hydraulic fluid
petroleum based, synthetic & water based. Properties of fluids. Effect
of temperature & pressure on hydraulic fluids. 8 Hrs

46

UNIT -II
PUMPS: Types, classification, principle of working & constructional
details of vane pump, gear pumps, radial & axial piston pumps, Power
and efficiency calculations, characteristic curves, selection of pumps
for hydraulic power transmission.
ACTUATORS: Linear & Rotary actuators, Hydraulic motors, - Types,
vane, gear, axial piston, & radial piston. Types of cylinder & its
mountings, calculations of piston velocity, thrust under static
applications. Design consideration for cylinders. 8 Hrs

UNIT -III
CONTROL OF FLUID POWER: Necessity of pressure control,
directional control, flow control valves, Principle of pressure control
valves, direct operated, pilot operated, relief valves pressure reducing
valve, sequence valve. FLOW CONTROL VALVES: Principle of
operation, pressure compensated, temperature compensated flow
control valves, meter in & meter out flow control circuits, bleed off
circuits. DIRECTION CONTROL VALVES : Check valves, types
of D.C. Valves : Two way two position, four way three position, four
way two position valves, open center, closed center, tandem center
valves, method of actuation of valves, manually operated, solenoid
operated, pilot operated etc. 8 Hrs

UNIT -IV
ACCUMULATORS & INTENSIFIERS: Types & functions of
accumulators, intensifiers, applications,
DESIGN OF HYDRAULIC CIRCUITS: Meter in, meter out
circuits, Pressure control for cylinders, Flow divider circuits. Circuit
illustrating use of pressure reducing valves, sequencing valve, counter
balance valves, unloading valves with the use of electrical controls,
accumulators etc. 7 Hrs
UNIT-V
PNEUMATICS: Introduction to pneumatic power sources,
Comparison of Pneumatics with Hydraulic power transmission. Air
preparation units: Filter Regulators & Lubricators. Actuators, linear
and rotary actuators, air motors, pressure regulating valves.
Directional control valves: two way, three way & four way valves,
solenoid operated, push button; & lever control valves. Flow control
valves, Check valves, methods of actuation, mechanical, pneumatic &
electrical etc. Pneumatic circuits for industrial applications &
automation. Ex. Feeding, clamping, indexing, picking & placing etc.
8 Hrs
47

TEXT BOOKS:
1. Fluid Power with applications - Anthony Esposito, Fifth edition,
Pearson Education, Inc 2007.
2. Oil Hydraulic systems Principles and Maintenance - S.R.
Majumdar, Tata McGraw Hill Publishing Company Ltd. 2001.
3. Pneumatic systems - S. R Majumdar, Tata McGHraw Hill
Publishing Co. 2005.

REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. Pneumatics Basic Level TP 101- by Peter Croser & Frank Ebel,
Festo Didactic publication - 1999.
2. Fundamentals of Pneumatic Control Engineering - J P
Hasebrink & R Kobbler, Festo Didactic publication, 3
rd
edition
1989.
3. Pneumatic Control for Industrial Automation - Peter Rohner &
Gordon Smith, J ohn Wiley Sons publication 1989.
4. Power Hydraulics - Michael J Pinches & J ohn G Ashby, Prentice
Hall 1989

Scheme Examination:
TWO questions to be set from each UNIT and Students shall answer
FIVE full questions choosing at least ONE question from each UNIT.

ENERGY MANAGEMENT
UNIT I
Indian energy scenario: Introduction - Fossil fuels reserves in India,
Energy consumption, current generation capacity, energy
requirements in future. 8 Hrs
UNIT II
Pollution due to power plants, Green house effect, Global warming.
Renewable energy sources. Energy audit Energy data - historic data,
manufacturer specification, industry best specific energy consumption.
7 Hrs
48

UNIT III
Energy audit of boilers, furnaces and thermal systems. Case studies.
Energy technologies: Fuels and combustion, ,stoichiometric air
calculation and heat balance calcu,Ltions for - Bollers, Furnacces,
8 Hrs
UNIT IV
Heat recovery systems, etc. Energy storage systems. Advances in
lighting technology - TS, CFL, LED, Electronic ballast for fluorescent
lamps. Energy management: 8 Hrs

UNIT V
Organisational setup for energy management, functions of energy
manager, Energy management information systems.
Latest developments: Kyoto protocol, carbon trading, carbon fund,
energy rating, green rating, life cycle assesessment. Role of Bureau of
Energy Efficiency in India. 8 Hrs

TEXT BOOK:
1. WR Murphy and G Mc Kay, 'Energy Management', Oxford
University Pres_.

REFERENCES:
1. Callaghn. P W, 'Design and Management for Energy
Conservation', Pergamon,oxford, 1981

BIO MASS ENERGY SYSTEMS
UNIT -I
INTRODUCTION: Biomass energy sources, energy content of
various Bio fuels, Energy plantation, origin of Biomass photo
synthesis process, Biomass Characteristics, sustainability of Biomass.
5 Hrs
BIOMASS CONVERSION METHODS: Agrochemical,
Thermochemical, Biochemical (flowchart) & Explanation. 3 Hrs

49

UNIT - II
PHYSICAL & AGROCHEMICAL CONVERSION: Briquetting,
Pelletization, Agrochemical, fuel Extraction, Thermo chemical
Conversion: Direct combustion for heat, Domestic cooking & heating.
4 Hrs
BIOMASS GASIFICATION: Chemical reaction in gasification,
Producergas& the constituents, Types of gasifiers. Fixed bed gasifiers,
Fluidized bed gasifiers.Liquefaction: Liquefaction through pyrolysis
& Methanol synthesis, application of producer gas in I C Engines.
4 Hrs
UNIT - III
BIO METHANIZATION: Anaerobic digestion, Basic principles,
factors influencing Biogas yield, classification of Biogas digester,
floating gasholder & fixed dome type.(Working Principle with
diagram), Calculations for sizing the Biogas plant. 4 Hrs
BIOGAS FOR POWER GENERATION: Ethanol as an automobile
fuel, Ethanol production & its use in engines. 3 Hrs

UNIT - IV
BIO - DIESEL: Bio Diesel from edible & non-edible oils, Production
of Bio diesel from Honge & J atropha seeds, use of bio diesel in I C
engines, Engine power using Bio diesel, Blending of Bio diesel,
Performance analysis of diesel engines using bio diesel. Effect of use
of bio diesel in I C engines. 8 Hrs

UNIT - V
BIO POWER PLANTS: Bio Power generation routes, Basic
Thermodynamic cycles in Bio power generation; Brayton cycle,
Sterling cycle, Rankine cycle, Co-generation cycle. Biomass based
steam power plant. 8 Hrs

TEXT BOOKS:
1. Bio Gas Technology, B.T. Nijaguna. New Age International-
New Delhi.2001-02
2. Energy Technology, S. Rao & B. B. Parulekar Khanna
Publishers, Delhi-1999.
3. Non Conventional Energy Sources, G. D. Rai - Khanna
Publishers. Delhi.

50

REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. Greenhouse Technology for Controlled Environment, G.N.
Tiwari, Alpha Science International Ltd., Pangbourne.England.
2. Renewable Energy Resources, J ohn.W.Twidell, Anthony. D.
Weir, EC BG-2001.
3. BioMass, Deglisc. X and P. Magne, Millennium Enterprise,
New Delhi.

MICRO-ELECTRO-MECHANICAL SYSTEMS
UNIT I
Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems, introduction and overview,
Principles of MEMS, Silicon as a Mechanical Material, Benefits of
MEMS, Scaling and performance, Cost reduction, complexity, Issues
to consider, MEMS Markets, Overview of MEMS applications, 7 Hrs

UNIT II
Micromachining Techniques Overview, Capabilities and limitations
of micromachining, Materials for micromachining, Substrates,
Additive films and materials, Micromachining terms, General
properties of common semiconductors, Mechanical properties, Native
oxides of silicon, Typical silicon wafer types, Micromachining
Techniques Bulk Micromachining, Wet etching of silicon, Isotropic
etching, Anisotropic etching, EDP, KOH, TMAH, Etch stop layers,
Masking, Mask erosion around edges, bulk micromachining process
flow, Electrochemical etching, Etch stop, Porous silicon, One-sided
wafer etching, Vapor phase etching (XeF
2
), Dry etching, SF
6
, DRIE,
Bosch process, Cryogenic dry etching, Sidewall roughness, Etch lag,
Combined isotropic and anisotropic dry etching, SCREAM, ASIP.
8 Hrs
51

UNIT III
Micromachining Techniques Surface Micromachining, Thin film
processes, Oxide (thermal, deposited LTO), Nitride (stoichiometric,
low-stress), Poly (stress, stress-gradients), Metal, surface
micromachining process flow, Release, WetStiction, Dry - Critical
point drying, Vapor HF, Microelectronic integration prior, mixed and
post, Electro-deposition, Hybrid Micromachining Process, Wafer
bonding, Anodic bonding, Fusion bonding, SOI wafers. 8 Hrs

UNIT IV
Micro-Mechanics, Basic Mechanics, Axial stress & strain, Shear stress
& strain, Poissons Ratio, Commonly used deflection equations, Static
beam equations, Static torsion equations, Static plate equations,
Cantilever beams, Clamped-clamped beams, Membranes, Springs
folded, torsional, Dynamics, Spring-mass-damper system, resonance,
Test structures, Elastic properties, Bent Beam Method for determining
Youngs modulus, Resonant beam structures - Cantilever beam, Comb
drive resonator, Stress/Strain Gauges - Bent beam strain sensor,
Cantilever beams, Buckling beam structures, Substrate analysis;
Stoney Equation, Basic mechanisms and structures, In-plane rotary
mechanisms, Out-of-plane mechanisms, Bistable mechanisms,
Mechanical Sensors, Resistive and piezoresistive strain sensors,
Semiconductor strain gauges, Capacitive sensing, Micromachined
mechanical sensors, Accelerometers - Basic accelerometer concepts,
Force-balanced accelerometer concepts, Strain guage accelerometers,
Capacitive accelerometers, Gyroscopes, Pressure sensors,
Piezoresistive pressure sensors, Capacitive pressure sensors. 8 Hrs

UNIT V
Electrostatics, Actuation mechanisms , Electrostatic actuation,
Parallel plate actuators, Torsional electrostatic actuators, Electrostatic
comb drives, Electrostatic cantilever actuators, Electrostatic linear
micromotors (scratch drive), Electrostatic rotary micro-motors.

Thermal MEMS - Thermal actuators, Thermal expansion of solids,
Bimorph thermal actuators, Bent beam actuators, Thermal array
actuators, Volume expansion and phase-change actuators, Thermal
sensors, Bolometers, Uncooled bolometers, Air flow sensor.

Fluidic MEMS Introduction, Basic fluid properties and equations,
Types of flow, Bubbles and particles in microstructures, Capillary
forces, Fluidic resistance, Fluidic capacitance, Fluidic inductance,
52

Flow channels, Bulk micromachined channels, Surface
micromachined channels, Valves Passive valve, Active valves,
Pumps, Bubble pumps, Membrane pumps, Diffuser pumps, Rotary
pumps, Electrohydrodynamic pumps, Electrophoretic pumps, Droplet
generators. 8 Hrs

TEXT BOOKS:
1. Micromachined Transducers Sourcebook, Greg Kovacs, McGraw-
Hill publications, New York, 1998
2. Microsystem Design, Stephen D. Senturia, Kluwer Publications,
Boston, 2001

REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. MEMS/NEMS Handbook: Techniques and Applications,
Cornelius T. Leondes, Springer-Verlag Publications, 2005
2. Fundamentals of Microfabrication, Marc J . Madou, 2
nd
Edition,
Taylor & Francis Publications, 2002

Scheme Examination:

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