International Journal of Computer Applications (0975 8887)

Volume 50 No.17, July 2012

37

Nominal and Detailed LTE Radio Network Planning
considering Future Deployment in Dhaka City

Nafiz Imtiaz Bin Hamid
Department of EEE
Islamic University of
Technology
Gazipur-1704, Bangladesh.
Md. Ashraful Hoque
Department of EEE
Islamic University of
Technology
Gazipur-1704, Bangladesh.

Kazi Khairul Islam
Department of EEE
Islamic University of
Technology
Gazipur-1704, Bangladesh.

ABSTRACT
Long Term Evolution (LTE) is the next major step in mobile
radio communications and is introduced in 3rd Generation
Partnership Project (3GPP) Release 8. It is the last step toward
the 4th generation (4G) of radio technologies designed to
increase the capacity and speed of mobile telephone networks.
With industrial attachment very few radio planning works of
LTE are going on. But because of certain commercial issues
those works arent widely available. Radio network planning
is a very vital step for wireless communication technology. As
standardization work of LTE is approaching the end line, it is
high time to go for efficient radio network planning guideline
for LTE. In LTE just like other cellular technologies, initial
planning is normally guided by various industries and vendors
at their own discretion. They arent likely to disclose their
advancements and findings. That makes the job even more
challenging. As a result, going on with LTE radio network
planning perspective is a well-chosen challenge and a certain
hot topic in the current research arena. In this work, a detailed
LTE radio network planning procedure has been elaborated
which concentrates on nominal and detailed planning
considering possible network implementation in the densely
populated South-Asian city-Dhaka.
General Terms
Telecommunications, Wireless Networks.
Keywords
Radio Network Planning, Planning Tool, Coverage
Prediction, Traffic Map, LTE Simulation

1. INTRODUCTION
Whenever new cellular technology is considered for mass
deployment hundreds of its RF parameters go through tuning
process with a view to find out optimum value. But this phase
is time consuming and very costly. So, before commercial
deployment if extensive simulation can be run this tuning
phase can be facilitated in numerous ways. Cost can also be
greatly minimized. That is the benefit of running simulation
before mass commercial deployment. In this sub-continent
LTE is expected to be commercially launched in Q4 of 2012.
All these aim at proper radio network planning of LTE. So,
looking for optimization of the vital parameters in the least
possible time is a very challenging issue which will obviously
help network operators in a greater extent.
The main advantages with LTE are high throughput, low
latency, plug and play, frequency division duplexing (FDD)
and time division duplexing (TDD) in the same platform, an
improved end-user experience and a simple architecture
resulting in low operating costs. LTE downlink transmission
scheme is based on Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple
Access (OFDMA) - which converts the wide-band frequency
selective channel into a set of many at fading subchannels.
The LTE specification provides downlink peak rates of at
least 100 Mbps and an uplink of at least 50 Mbps. LTE
supports scalable carrier bandwidths, from 1.4 MHz to 20
MHz and supports both FDD and TDD [1] [2] [3]. LTE will
also support seamless passing to cell towers with older
network technology such as GSM, CDMA-One, W-CDMA
(UMTS), and CDMA2000 [1, 2] [4, 5].
Radio network planning being quite a vital step for a wireless
communication technology and as its standardization work is
approaching the end line; it is high time to go for efficient
radio network planning guideline. For the same reason, along
with the fact that in LTE radio network planning just like
other cellular technologies, initial stage planning is normally
guided by various industries and vendors at their own
discretion; they arent likely to disclose their advancements
and findings. That makes the job even more challenging.
The ultimate objective of this work is to come up with the
detailed radio network planning guideline with respect to
Dhaka city. With this mission ahead, in this paper a step by
step method has been followed using radio planning tool
Atoll. The idea was to cover the nominal and detailed
planning stage in detail with respect to Dhaka city.
Performance analysis of the planned network has also been
included here. Prior to that, a brief description of the nominal
and detailed radio planning has been given.

2. RELATED WORKS
In [6] coverage and capacity estimation is carried out in radio
network dimensioning. Radio link budget is investigated for
coverage planning. Theoretical work is later put into the
development of an Excel based dimensioning tool which is
designed to keep the interface simple and to set the functional
parts clearly distinguishable. The final product gives the
number of sites (cells) needed in order to support a certain
subscriber population with a given capacity. In [7] an attempt
to provide analysis of LTE system performance from radio
network planning aspects has been made. Determination of
the number of resources to be allocated to the PDCCH and
how UEs should be efficiently signaled over the PDCCH is
addressed in [8]. Resource allocation in LTE downlink and
LTE PHY layer simulation aspects have been featured
respectively in [8] and [9]. [10-16] are the 3GPP Technical
Specifications related to this work. Link and system level
simulation results have been obtained using [17] and [18]
respectively. Effect of change in number of transmitting
antennas has been shown in [19]. An attempt to facilitate a
planned decision making stage for the mobile broadband
solution specifically focusing in the South Asian region has
been done in [20]. In [21] a detailed LTE radio network
International Journal of Computer Applications (0975 8887)
Volume 50 No.17, July 2012
38

dimensioning procedure i.e. capacity and coverage analysis-
link budget preparation, link and system level simulation; has
been performed in order to prepare a radio planning guideline
considering possible network implementation in Dhaka city.

3. RADIO NETWORK PLANNING
PROCESS
Radio Network Planning contains number of phases:
Initial phase-which includes collection of pre-planning
information and starting network dimensioning i.e. Link
Budget preparation, coverage and capacity calculation by
running simulations.
Nominal and detailed planning- which includes selection
and use of radio planning tool. This step involves
propagation model tuning, defining thresholds from Link
budget, creating detailed radio plan based on the
thresholds, checking network capacity against more
detailed traffic estimates, Configuration planning, Site
surveys, Site pre-validation and validation, eNodeB
parameter planning.
Defining KPIs and Parameter Planning- using eNodeB
system parameters and counters, defining performance
KPIs and its target values based on vendors promise,
verification of the KPIs and target values using planning
and dimensioning tools nominally along with pre and
post-launch optimization.
But defining KPI and parameter planning has been considered
out of the scope of this paper.

4. RADIO PLANNING FOR DHAKA
CITY
Dhaka is the capital of Bangladesh and it is an overpopulated
city in the South-Asian region. Efficient radio network
planning is obviously a big challenge here with the optimal
utilization of limited resources. In [21] coverage analysis i.e.
link level simulation result along with link budget preparation
and capacity analysis-system level simulation have been
performed. Taking related pre-planning information of Dhaka:
population: 15 million (0.75% to be covered), assumed
overbooking factor: 50, area: 1463.6 km
2
in terms of Cost-
Hata propagation model no. of eNodeB for coverage was
found as 53 while for capacity it was found as 50. In this case,
number of cell required for coverage exceeds that of capacity
which means capacity can be effectively handled. The target
capacity and coverage values are here attempted in the
nominal and detailed radio planning stage involving radio
planning tool-Atoll.

5. ATOLL SIMULATIONS
Digital map of Dhaka (shown in Fig.1) has been used for
radio planning in this stage. These maps consisted of Dhaka
airport, main road, secondary road, street, railway and water.
At first to cover the whole Dhaka city eNodeBs were placed
(shown in Fig 3) where the no. comes from the coverage and
capacity analysis performed in [21]. After placing the
eNodeBs coverage prediction was done that helped to justify
the placement of the eNodeBs. Traffic maps were created for
each of the Dhaka map subsections. Automatic frequency
planning and automatic cell planning were performed before
running each of these simulations. In detail simulation result
is obtained which contains: connected UL+DL, connected
DL, connected UL, No service, Scheduler saturation,
Resource saturation cases. Legends show each of them with
different color. A separate table shows the simulation
properties for each of the simulated traffic maps.


Fig 1: Dhaka Digital Map
5.1 Coverage Prediction
Coverage predictions have been performed by: transmitter,
signal level, downlink throughput and Channel to Interference
plus Noise Ratio (CINR). Coverage prediction properties: (a)
by signal level, (b) channel throughput (DL) and (c) Downlink
C/(I+N) have been shown in Fig. 2. Corresponding coverage
prediction results have been shown in Fig 4 to Fig 7.

(a)

International Journal of Computer Applications (0975 8887)
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(b)

(c)

Fig 2: Coverage Prediction Properties by: (a) Signal Level (b) Channel Throughput (c) C/ (I+N) Level (DL)






Fig 3: Transmitter Placed on Dhaka Map










Fig 4: Coverage Prediction by Transmitter




International Journal of Computer Applications (0975 8887)
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Fig 5: Coverage Prediction by Signal Level


Fig 7: Coverage Prediction by CINR (DL)
Fig 9(a): Dhaka Airport Traffic Map after Simulation
Fig 6: Coverage Prediction by Throughput (DL)


Fig 8: LTE Simulation Properties


Fig 9(b): Dhaka Airport Traffic Map Simulation
Properties



International Journal of Computer Applications (0975 8887)
Volume 50 No.17, July 2012
41

Fig 10(a): Dhaka Railway Traffic Map after Simulation

Fig 11(a): Dhaka Mainroad Traffic Map after Simulation





5.2 Traffic Simulation
LTE traffic simulation properties have been shown in Fig 8.
Fig 9 to Fig 13 shows Dhaka airport, railway, mainroad,
secondary road and street traffic maps after simulation (in (a))
along with their properties (in (b)). The properties chart shows
service, reference cell, total pathloss, transmission power
throughput and reference signal CINR.



Fig 10(b): Dhaka Railway Traffic Map Simulation
Properties

Fig 11(b): Dhaka Mainroad Traffic Map Simulation
Properties













International Journal of Computer Applications (0975 8887)
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42


Fig 12(a): Dhaka Secondary Road Traffic Map after
Simulation

Fig 13(a): Dhaka Street Traffic Map after Simulation



6. PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF THE
PLANNED NETWORK
Using point analysis tool of Atoll site 41_2 was chosen from
the Dhaka map along with a receiver to analyze the cell edge
throughput scenario and all other uplink and downlink
parameters. The point analysis results appeared as the
following shown in Fig 14 (a)-(e). Again, link budget scenario
from the point analysis tool for another site 33_3 comes as the
one shown in Table 1.This one almost matches with the
prepared link budget and other obtained values using link and
system simulators in [21].

Fig 12(b): Dhaka Secondary Road Traffic Map Simulation
Properties

Fig 13(b): Dhaka Street Traffic Map Simulation
Properties


Fig.14 (b): shows the geographic profile of the site 41_2, (c)
shows the reception level including the adjacent sites, (d)
gives the signal analysis involving SCH & PBCH, Downlink
and Uplink parameters of the adjacent sites while (e) provides
the result taking the comparatively better transmitters into
account.





International Journal of Computer Applications (0975 8887)
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43





(a)

(c)




(b)




(d)












(e)

Fig 14: Chosen site and receiver for point analysis and performance result-(a), (b), (c), (d), (e)



Table 1: Link budget Obtained from point analysis tool


























Analyzing the coverage prediction results with the placed
eNodeB with respect to [21] it is quite evident that the
planned network provides a satisfactory coverage. Again,
evaluation of traffic map after simulation makes it clear that
subscribers mostly remain connected at both UL & DL which




also indicates a very positive sign for the planned network.
Performance analysis with point analysis tool strengthens the
base behind the planned network as an effective one.


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7. CONCLUSION AND FUTURE WORK
The ultimate objectives of the present study of LTE radio
network planning guidelines are to introduce the relevant LTE
features, to define the basic models for radio propagation
planning, to estimate coverage and network element count.
The prepared guideline may assist in the development of
various tools used in Radio Network Planning (RNP).
Obtained result of coverage and capacity analysis has been
used in nominal and detailed radio planning stage with Atoll
taking Dhaka digital map as input. In detail Atoll simulations
have been run on Dhaka digital map containing both coverage
predictions and traffic simulations. Again, performance
evaluation has been done using point analysis tool. For initial
network deployment, at the very beginning only a small
number of subscribers are considered for coverage and
capacity calculation. So, there remains the challenge for future
capacity enhancement. But still it can be considered as a
standard radio planning platform for the densely populated
South-Asian city Dhaka.

8. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
Our heartiest thanks go to Mohammad Tawhid Kawser,
Assistant Prof., EEE Dept., IUT and Mohammad Nur-A-
Alam, Solution Manager, Nokia Siemens Network (NSN) for
providing numerous help and support in this work.

9. REFERENCES
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[2] LTE for UMTS OFDMA and SC-FDMA Based Radio
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[3] Long Term Evolution (LTE): A Technical Overview
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