INDIAN INSTITUTE OF REMOTE SENSING

EDUSAT BASED COURSE ON RS, GIS AND GPS

EXAMINATION MODULE 1
The paper has 7 sections each of 10 marks each except last section which is of
40 marks.
Answer all questions. No negative marking. Maximum Marks 100
Section A. Basic Pinci!"es o# Re$ote Sensin%
a. FILL in T&e '"an(s )*+
1. The spectral !an"s for which the atmosphere is relativel# transparent is
known as$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$
%. &f the wavelength of the inci"ent ra"iation is %4 cm at normal inci"ence'
an earth surface of %0 cm roughness variation will
appear$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$
(. )a#leigh criteria for "etermining whether the surface will as a rough
surface to the incoming inci"ent energ# is $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$.
4. The constituents of atmosphere which a!sor! energ# are
$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$.
*. +lanck "etermine" an experimental law that "etermine" !lack!o"#
emission as a function of $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ an" $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$.
'. State ,&et&e t&e #o""o,in% state$ents ae t-e o #a"se
)T.F+. )/.*+
1, The -M) is re."irecte" "ue to atmospheric a!sorption.
%, The spectral exitance of a !lack !o"# is not the same at all
wavelengths.
(, /or a perfectl# white !o"# transmittance 0 1' a!sorptance 0 0 an"
re1ectance 0 0.
4, 2an 3remote sensing3 emplo# an#thing other than electromagnetic
ra"iation4
*, Maximum exitance from a !lack !o"# at 5000

6 correspon"s to green
wavelength.
+g 1 7 10
c. Matc& t&e #o""o,in%
)/.*+
a, 8isi!le region 9 : 1% micrometer
!, )e1ective &) (. (* micrometer
c, Microwave 0.7 : (.0 micrometer
", Thermal &) 0.4 . 0.7 micrometer
e, ;<one a!sorption region 1mm : 1m
Section B. Eat& O'se1ation Sensos an2 P"at#o$s
2. Fi"" in t&e '"an(s, State t-e. #a"se, tic( t&e i%&t c&oice.
)3+
1. Altitu"e of =eostationar# satellites is >>>>> ?700 km 7 @00 km 7
(5'000 km.,

%. The spatial )esolutions of 2A)T;AAT 1 an" 2A)T;AAT % are
$$$$$$B$$$$$$ respectivel#.
(. Active remote sensing sensors have their own energ#.
4. Cwell time of cross track scanner is .................. than that of across
track scanner.
*. -ach of &)A. 12 an" 1C +AN sensor collects "ata in 4 spectral !an"s !ut
cover "iDerent spectral !an"s. ? True 7 /alse,
5. The apparent movement of the satellite or!it in conEunction with earth
rotation allows the satellite swath to cover a new area with each
consecutive pass. ?True 7 /alse,
7. 2artosat.% gives a stereo pair at a moment. ?True 7 /alse,
+g / 7 10
e. 4ite a s&ot note on 4&is( 'oo$ an2 !-s& 'oo$
scannin%5 )6+
Section C. S!ecta" Si%nat-es o# Di7eent Lan2co1e
Feat-es
#. FILL in T&e '"an(s )*+
1. $$$$$$$$$$$ !an" useful for separation of snow an" clou"s
%. The Fve characteristics of soil that "etermine its re1ectance value
are$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$
$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$
(. The re1ectance of green vegetation is maximum in which wavelength
range $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$
4. )atio of re1ecte" energ# to inci"ent energ# upon an o!Eect at a
wavelength is known as $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$
*. Ghat color is light having a wavelength of 0.4%' 0.** an" 0.5*
micrometers $$$$$$$$$$$$' $$$$$$$$$$$$$$' an" $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$.
%. State ,&et&e t&e #o""o,in% state$ents ae t-e o #a"se
)T.F+. )*+
1. 2hloroph#ll in green vegetation a!sor!s mainl# in the visi!le region of the
-M) spectrum.
%. Gater a!sor!s N&) an" M&) strongl#
(. The internal structure of the leaf primaril# controls the re1ectance in the
near visi!le region spectrum.
4. The total moisture content of the vegetation control the mi" &) re1ectance
*. Aan"' mu"' an" rock at water !ottom' organic an" inorganic materials in
suspension an" chloroph#ll contents in1uence the re1ectance properties
of water.
Section D. T&e$a" Re$ote Sensin%
&. P"ease !-t Tic( ,&ic&e1e is coect o!tion )10+
1, A !lack!o"# is one which is
a, perfect transmitter
!, perfect emitter
c, perfect interceptor
%, +lanckHs ra"iation law is applica!le to
+g 6 7 10
a, entire wavelength spectrum
!, onl# to given wavelength
c, None of these
(, &n the spectral re1ectance curve of vegetation' water a!sorption !an"s is
at one of the following
a, 0.7 m
!, 1.4 m
c, (.0 m
4, /or stu"#ing the forest Fres ?temperature greater than (00
0
2, which
wavelength range woul" !e use"
a, 0.7 .1.1 m
!, (.0 : *.0 m
c, 9.0 1%.0 m
*, Gater remains relativel# cooler "uring "a#time an" relativel# warmer at
night "ue to which propert#
a, Thermal con"uctivit#
!, Thermal inertia
c, -missivit#
5, Ghich of the following space !orne sensors have (5 num!er of
!an"s7channels
a, Ian"sat -TMJ
!, A8K))
c, AAT-)
", M;C&A
7, -arth surface emits maximum ra"iation in which wavelength
a, 0.* m
!, 1.0 m
c, @.5 m
", (.* m
+g 8 7 10
9, A spectrometer measure the intensit# of -lectromagnetic ra"iation )T-e .
Fa"se+
@, &n night time thermal image water appears !right compare" to vegetation
?T-e .
Fa"se,
10, Curing "a#time' from the -arth surface there is re1ecte" ra"iation in a""ition
to thermal emission ?T-e . Fa"se,
Section E. Mico,a1e Re$ote Sensin%
i. Ma( T-e o Fa"se )*+
?a, A surface is consi"ere" smooth if its height variations are consi"era!l#
smaller than the ra"ar wavelength.
?!, Amoother surfaces will usuall# appear !righter on ra"ar imager# than
rough surfaces compose" of the same material.
?c, The si"e of a !uil"ing or a !ri"ge' com!ine" with re1ection from the
groun" is an example of a corner re1ector.
?", +enetration capa!ilit# of 2.!an" AA) s#stem is more than the +.!an".
?e, Ia#over eDect in AA) image arises towar"s the "irection of far.range.
9. Ans,e t&e #o""o,in% )*+
Craw a sketch of the geometr# of ra"ar image acquisition' i"entif#ing an" clearl#
la!eling na"ir' a<imuth' look "irection' slant range' groun" range' look angle'
"epression angle' an" inci"ence angle.
-xplain' with the ai" of a "iagram
a, )a"ar foreshortening
!, )a"ar la#over' an"
c, Kow ra"ar sha"ows are create".
Section F. :is-a" I$a%e inte!etation
(. Di7eentiate a$on% t&e #o""o,in% #eat-es on B.4
!anc&o$atic aeia" !&oto%a!& e"a'oatin% t&e e"e$ent
o# inte!etation -se2. )*+
i, +lanne" housing from slum
+g * 7 10
ii, )oa" from canals.
iii, /orest an" +lantation7orchar"s
iv, &n"ustrial an" )esi"ential !uil"ings
v, 2anals an" river
". Fi"" t&e '"an(s. ,ite T;F< )*+
i, Tone refers to the relative !rightness or colour of o!Eects in an
image. ?T7/,
ii, $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ refers to the spatial arrangement of visi!l#
"iscerni!le o!Eects. ?Tone7texture7pattern,
iii, )ough textures woul" consist of a mottle" tone where the gre#
levels change a!ruptl# in a small area' whereas smooth textures
woul" have ver# little tonal variation. ?T7/,
iv, S&a2o, "oes not provi"e an i"ea of the proFle an" relative
height of a target or targets ?T7/,
v, )esi"ential areas ma# !e associate" with proximit# to maEor
transportation routes' whereas commercial properties woul" !e
associate" with schools' pla#groun"s' an" sports Fel"s. ?T7/,
Section G. Di%ita" I$a%e Pocessin%< Basic Conce!ts
Recti=cation an2 Re%istation AND I$a%e En&ance$ent
tec&ni>-es AND I$a%e C"assi=cation Tec&ni>-es an2
Acc-ac? Assess$ent
$. Fi"" in t&e '"an(s, state t-e #a"se , tic( t&e coect c&oice
,&ee1e a!!"ica'"e )60+
+g @ 7 10
1. Cigital &mage is compose" of tin# areas known as $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$
locate" at the intersection of row & ' column E in each k !an" of &mager#.
Gith each location is associate" a num!er known as $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$
which is a recor" of $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ ? re1ecte" energ#7 a!sor!e" energ#
, in "iscrete form.
%. Cigital images have high ra"iometric qualit# than analog or photographic
images. ?T7/,
(. &6;N;A "ata is supplie" in $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ format.
4. N)AA supplies "ata in $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ format
*. The three formats to store a Multispectral "igital image are
$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$' $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ B $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$.
5. A %4 !it image "ispla# processor can "ispla# 15.7 million colors.?T7/,
7. /irst ;r"er transformation equation has $$$$$$$$$$$$$ unknowns an" the
minimum no. of =2+Hs require" are $$$$$$$$$$$$
9. =2+Hs are the speciFc pixels in the input image for which the
$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ an" the $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ are known.
@. Kistogram equali<ation enhances the $$$$$$$$$$$$$ ?lower7 upper7 central 7
tails, values in an image.
10.Mean' Me"ian an" Mo"e are the t#pes of $$$$$$$$$$$$$? low pass 7 Kigh
+ass, Flters.
11.Iaplace -"ge Cetector is a $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$? Iow +ass /ilter7 Kigh +ass
/ilter 7 2lassiFcation algorithm,
1%.-Dects of sha"ows is increase" !# ratioing. ?T7/,
1(.Iow pass Flters retain the high frequenc# information in the image an"
suppress the slowl# var#ing information.
14.A technique to transform a correlate" set of multispectral "ata to
uncorrelate" "ata set' $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$
1*.The Flter coeLcient :1' :1' :1' .1' 9' :1' :1' :1' :1 are "esigne" for i,
-"ge enhancementii, e"ge "etection
+g 3 7 10
15.The prerequisite of a +ixel !ase" fusion is that the two images shoul" !e
$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$
17.Two images having "iDerent ?Apatial7Apectral7)a"iometric7 None of the
a!ove 7 all the a!ove, can !e fuse" together
19.&KA transform is
a, &mage fusion technique
!, 2lassiFcation algorithm
c, Cata compression technique.
1@.&n the +2A metho" of fusion ?+217+2%7+2(7+24, is replace" !# a high
resolution image.
%0.The matrix use" in 2lassiFcation Accurac# Assessment $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$
%1./ull form of &A;CATA $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$
%%.&n unsupervise" classiFcation' the anal#st provi"es the representative
training sets. ?T7/,
%(.6appa is a measure of $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ ?!an" correlation7
classiFcation accurac#7 vegetation map,
%4. -rror of omission is 100 . $$$$$$$$$$$$$$ accurac#
%*. AAM stan"s for $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$
%5.A technique to classif# mixe" pixels $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$.
%7. /ull form of )8& $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ an" NC8&
$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$
+g A 7 10
%9. &n /ourier image low frequencies are plotte" in the $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ an"
high frequencies $$$$$$$$$$$$$. The vertical e"ges appear
$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ in /ourier image.
%@.Name the )esampling Techniques
$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$
(0.A (M( Flter will result in a smaller7larger image. ?T7/,
n. 4ite S&ot note on )/.*+
a, Nan" )atioing
!, +rincipal component anal#sis
o. Usin% Mini$-$ Distance to $ean c"assi=e, c"assi#? an
-n(no,n !iBe" 1 &a1in% 1a"-es )60, /0+ to one o# t&e t&ee
c"asses. T&e $ean 1ectos o# t&ee c"asses 'ein% Foest )80,
/0+ a%ic-"t-e )60, 1*+ an2 ,ate )/0, 1*+.
)/.*+
!. Gi1en 8B8 &?!ot&etica" i$a%e. )a+ Linea"? stetc& an2 )'+
a!!"? $e2ian ="te on t&e i$a%e
)/.*+
(0 (* (* (0
(0 (* (0 (0
(* (0 %* %*
(0 (0 %* %0
>. Gi1en &ee is a Con#-sion $atiB )/.*+
Re#eence Data
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+g C 7 10
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a, ;verall accurac#
!, Accurac# of 2lass %
c, )elia!ilit# of 2lass 1
", -rror of ;mission for class (
+g 10 7 10