E4 development: examples,

methods and tools

18 - 19 June 2014
Eclipse Con France 2014


a!le des mati"res



I - Eclipse 4 Workshop 5
A. OPCoach...................................................................................................................................................... #
B. Workshop Eclipse 4 : Building an E4 application.......................................................................................$
C. Setting the tooling....................................................................................................................................... 9
D. Step 1 : Creating application project..................................................................................................... 12
E. Application odel..................................................................................................................................... 1%
!. Step " : Adding a dash#oard $ie%........................................................................................................... 21
&. Step ' (e)inder on the injection............................................................................................................ 2$
*. Step 4 : Conte+t Sp,.................................................................................................................................. &0
-. Step . : Adding an engine to update $alues...........................................................................................&1
/. Step 0 : Adding the engine control panel.............................................................................................. &&
1. Step 2 : E4 E$ent Bus................................................................................................................................... &#
3. Creating an alar) s,ste) using e$ent sp,..............................................................................................&8
. step 4 : Add an alar) $ie%er.................................................................................................................. 41
5. Step 16 : application st,ling...................................................................................................................... 4&
O. Conclusion................................................................................................................................................. 4%

Workshop E47 Econ !rance "614 '


'- Eclipse 4 (or)shop
I




OPCoach .
Workshop Eclipse 4 : Building an E4 application 0
Setting the tooling 4
Step 1 : Creating application project 1"
Application odel 12
Step " : Adding a dash#oard $ie% "1
Step ' (e)inder on the injection "0
Step 4 : Conte+t Sp, '6
Step . : Adding an engine to update $alues '1
Step 0 : Adding the engine control panel ''
Step 2 : E4 E$ent Bus '.
Creating an alar) s,ste) using e$ent sp, '8
step 4 : Add an alar) $ie%er 41
Step 16 : application st,ling 4'
Conclusion 42





*+ ,-Coach

,-Coach
A#out us
,livier -rouvost
Eclipse e+pert trainer and co))itter 9E4 :ools;
oli$ier.prou$ost<opcoach.co)
<OPCoach=Eclipse
Emmanuel .en/amin
Eclipse e+pert and trainer in Eclitech
(esponsi#le >or training and consulting in Spain
e#enja)in<eclitech.co)
A#out ,-Coach
Co)pan, >ounded in /une "664
e)#er o> the Eclipse !oundation 9as Solution e)#er;
We# site : http://www.opcoach.com
Pro$ides Eclipse training and consulting
(ecruit)ent acti$it, to link co)panies and applicants
Workshop E47 Econ !rance "614 .
So)e re>erences :


Image 1

.+ (or)shop Eclipse 4 : .uildin0 an E4 application

'ntroduction
:his %orkshop %ill e+plain ho% to create a #asic Eclipse 4 Application
-t %ill sho% ,ou :
ho% to use the application )odel
ho% to create a sa)ple dash#oard part
ho% to )anage injection
ho% to deal %ith e$ents
ho% to de#ug and to trace in>or)ation using spies
Workshop E47 Econ !rance "614 0

*pplication sample
We %ill create an application containing :
an engine si)ulator 9to pro$ide sa)ple data;
an engine ?- 9to start@stop the engine and to accelerate@#rake;
a dash#oard to displa, the speed and rp) $alue
an alar) )anager to trigger alar)s depending on conditions
Basicall, the application %ill #e like this :


Main screen

2 Workshop E47 Econ !rance "614

*rchitecture
:o )ake this application properl, %e %ill create ' plugins
ec114+eap : the )ain plugin containing application )odel and dash#oard
ec114+en0ine+ui : the ?- >or engine7 containing the engine panel and alar) $ie%er
ec114 en0ine+core : the core >or engine7 containing si)ulator and alar) checker
:hese plugins depend on the E4 3una target plat>or)


Architecture


2esources
:he goal o> the %orkshop is to create the application >ro) scratch and to help ,ou
!eel >ree to ask Auestions or an, help i> ,ou ha$e a pro#le)
All the code o> this %orkshop is a$aila#le on githu# :
https://github.com/opcoach/Conferences/
1"
-)port in %orkspaces onl, the Bec>14=>ilesB project
:he histor, is like this 9,ou can get the project >ro) an, step ,ou %ant;
1 C https:@@githu#.co)@opcoach@Con>erences@tree@)aster@EC!14
" C https:@@githu#.co)@opcoach@Con>erences@
Workshop E47 Econ !rance "614 8


Git History

Dou %ill )a, #e re)ark that )aster has not #een ,et pushed on repositor,.
C+ 3ettin0 the toolin0

Eclipse 4 '4E installation
-nstall the latest release o> Eclipse 3una >or (CP de$eloppers
?nEip and launch it %ith a ne% %orkspace >older.
Dou need to ha$e the /(E 1.2 to launch luna


Luna


Eclipse 4 toolin0 installation
-nstall the latest release o> E4 tools. :o >ind it
go to this ?(3 http://downoad.ecipse.org/e!/downoads/ and select latest release
o r u s e d i r e c t l , t h i s u p d a t e s i t e :
http://downoad.ecipse.org/e!/downoads/drops/I"#1!#$1%&""##/repository/
or get it >ro) the ?SB stick and i)port it as an archi$e update site
4 Workshop E47 Econ !rance "614
Select the >ollo%ing tools:
core tools
css sp,
e$ent sp,
conte+t sp,

5e!ula installation
!or this %orkshop7 %e %ill also use 5e#ula.
5e#ula is a li#rar, o> cool graphical %idgets 9gauge7 ...;
-nstall it >ro) :
the ?SB Stick 9there is a Eipped update site;
o r > r o ) t h e n e # u l a u p d a t e s i t e :
http://downoad.ecipse.org/technoogy/nebua/snapshot
Select all >eatures
(estart ,our Eclipse.

ar0et plat1orm settin0
:he target plat>or) is the set o> plugins needed >or the application
!or this %orkshop %e %ill use the running plat>or) containing:
3una
E4 tools
5e#ula.

6ettin0 the 7or)shop 1iles
:o help ,ou to )ake the %orkshop7 so)e >iles are a$aila#le
Dou )ust i)port the git repositor, >ro) :
the githu# %e# site : https://github.com/opcoach/Conferences.git
the ?SB stick
:o install it just cop, the git url in the git repositor, $ie% 9access >ro) git perspecti$e;
Workshop E47 Econ !rance "614 16


Git import

:hen i)port the ec>14=>iles project in ,our %orkspace using the i)port co))and
11 Workshop E47 Econ !rance "614


Import 'C(1!)fies pro*ect

4+ 3tep 1 : Creatin0 application pro/ect

5e7 pro/ect
:he easiest %a, to start a ne% E4 application is to use the %iEard and to create a sa)ple content.
Workshop E47 Econ !rance "614 1"


'! +ro*ect wi,ard

1' Workshop E47 Econ !rance "614
5a)e ,our project 9eap is used >or the top le$el plugin; :


+age 1

Workshop E47 Econ !rance "614 14
Skip the "nd page 9do not contri#ute to ?-; and >inall, create a sa)ple content :


+age -

1. Workshop E47 Econ !rance "614

8ou sample pro/ect is read9
Dou can launch it directl, #, creating a ne% launch con>iguration :


Launch config

And ,ou get the de>ault application :


Workshop E47 Econ !rance "614 10
.efaut appi

E+ *pplication :odel

;ser 'nter1ace s)eleton
An, user inter>ace contains al%a,s the sa)e ele)ents 9$ie%s7 co))ands ...
12 Workshop E47 Econ !rance "614


Image " /I anatomy


Eclipse & to Eclipse 4
Eclipse ':
All these co)ponents are de>ined using e+tensions de>ined in di>>erent plugins
:he )ain )enus and the )ain perspecti$e are de>ined #, di>>erent classes 9ad$isors;
Workshop E47 Econ !rance "614 18
Eclipse 4:
de>ines an application )odel co)#ining all these concepts:


Image - /I in appication mode


he E4 application model
-t is a glo#al )odel that #rings together the usual e+tension points:
Fie%7 perspecti$e7 )enus 9$isual;
Co))and handlers7 ke, #indings 9nonC$isual;
-t si)pl, descri#es the structure o> the ?- %ithout detailing its contents
-ts structure is de>ined #, an Ecore )eta )odel
-t can #e edited %ith a dedicated editor
-t can #e )odi>ied and ?- is re>reshed
:his )odel is independent >ro) the displa,
A BrendererB allo%s speci>ic displa, 9s%t and ja$a>+;
Classes re>erenced in the application )odel are si)ple annotated PO/Os

he application model
:he application )odel is stored in the e4 project
14 Workshop E47 Econ !rance "614


Image ! Appication Mode


;2's in the application model
:he application )odel re>erences classes or resources 9icons7 properties ...;
Class identi1ication:
#undleclass:@@[email protected])e
#undleclass:@@co).opcoach.training.e4.rental.ui@co).opcoach.training.rental.e4.ui.$ie%s.A
genc,Fie%
2esource identi1ication:
plat>or):@plugin@Bundle-D@path@>ilena)e
plat>or):@plugin@co).opcoach.training.e4.rental.ui@icons@Agenc,.png

he visuali<ation o1 the model at runtime
At an, ti)e ,ou can see the actual application )odel
Shortcut: *lt 3hi1t F9
Dou )ust add the plugin or0+eclipse+e4+tools+em1+liveeditor in the launch con>iguration
Dou can edit the )odel and see the changes
Workshop E47 Econ !rance "614 "6
F+ 3tep 2 : *ddin0 a dash!oard vie7

*ddin0 the dash!oard vie7


.ashboard

!or the )o)ent7 this dash#oard %ill stand in eap plugin 9#ut it could #e )o$ed later in
engine.ui;
:o do this :
Cop, the Dash#oard >ro) the step" >older in the parts package o> ,our plugin
And )anage the dependencies...
Check the code to see ho% >igures are created
(eplace the Sa)ple Part in application )odel

*dd the dependencies to ne!ula +++
:he dash#oard part uses ne#ula7 dra%"d...
With Ctrl Shi>t O7 #e care>ul to not i)port the classes >or s%t.&rid3a,out and s%t.3a#el 9it )ust
co)e >ro) dra%"D;
"1 Workshop E47 Econ !rance "614
Add the reAuired #undles >or each co)pilation error :


Image % Add re0uired bundes

Workshop E47 Econ !rance "614 ""


dependencies


;pdate the application model
/ust s%itch the sa)ple part to the ne% dash#oard part.
"' Workshop E47 Econ !rance "614


1et dashboard


=aunch the application and chec) the live model
:he application is launched using the sa)e launcher :
-> ,ou ha$e the de>ault application instead o> the dash#oard7 check the clear option in the launch
con>iguration
Workshop E47 Econ !rance "614 "4


Launch

Dou can check the d,na)ic )odel using the shortcut : Alt Shi>t !4
:he B)odel sp,B appears in a dedicated %indo% : E4 spies
Dou can change the )odel 9na)e o> part7 $isi#le7 not $isi#le...;


'! 1pies

". Workshop E47 Econ !rance "614
6+ 3tep & 2eminder on the in/ection

'ntroduction > -rinciple
:he goal o> injection is to delegate the >ield or para)eters initialiEations to a >ra)e%ork
-njection uses a conte+t containing the $alues
We use the annotation ? 'n/ect 9/a$a+.inject; to inject the $alues
-t can #e applied to a constructor7 a )ethod or a >ield.
:he >ra)e%ork introspects classes to )anage the arti>acts that o%n an ?'n/ect annotation


Image $ 1ampe in*ected cass


Context'n/ectionFactor9 Class
A class %ith injection annotations:
)ust #e instantiated using the Context'n/ectionFactor9
can not !e instantiated 7ith a call to ne7
Context'n/ectionFactor9 instantiates o#jects and injects the conte+t.
:his is a static class


Workshop E47 Econ !rance "614 "0
Image 2 Conte3tIn*ection(actory


he in/ection context
:he conte+t stores the $alues associated %ith ke,s or classes
:he conte+t is hierarchical 9application CG perspecti$e CG parts...;
Branches in conte+t are acti$ated #, the >ra)e%ork 9?- >ocus7 part acti$ation7 ...;
Branch acti$ation gi$es an access to the a$aila#le $alues in this #ranch
-> a $alue is not >ound7 the conte+t %ill ask its parent 90et-arent9;;
:he conte+t is an i)ple)entation o> 'EclipseContext

*dditional annotations 1or ?'n/ect
' additional annotations are used to )anage o#ject creation:
?-ostConstruct : is used to annotate a )ethod that )ust #e called at the end o> initialiEation
?,ptional : is used to indicate that a >ield or a para)eter could #e null
?5amed : is used to get an o#ject #, its na)e

Call order
:he injection is processed in the >ollo%ing order:
?'n/ect Constructor call
?'n/ect !ields initialiEation
?'n/ect ethods call
?-ostConstruct ethod call
"2 Workshop E47 Econ !rance "614


Image 4 Ca order


Constructor call @1A
Context'n/ectionFactor9 %ill choose a constructor %ith an ? 'n/ect annotation
-> se$eral constructors are annotated7 it chooses the constructor ha$ing the )a+i)u)
para)eters that can #e injected
!ields )arked %ith ?'n/ect ha$e a null $alue in the constructor.
Other >ields can #e used nor)all,
Parent constructors are called #, the super@A 9i)plicit; or #, super@+++A 9e+plicit;

Fields 'n/ection @2A
Each >ield preceded #, a ?'n/ect annotation is initialiEed a>ter the constructor call
:he order o> initialiEation is unspeci>ied
-> a >ield can not #e injected the injector generates an e+ception
'1 the value chan0es a1ter the in/ection, it 7ill !e re-in/ected automaticall9
-> a >ield can ha$e no $alue7 it )ust #e annotated %ith ?,ptional
:he inherited ?'n/ect >ields are initialiEed #e>ore the others
Workshop E47 Econ !rance "614 "8

? 'n/ect methods invocation @&A
ethods annotated %ith ?'n/ect are called:
a>ter the constructor call
a>ter the injected >ields initialiEation
i1 an in/ected parameter value has chan0ed
-> se$eral )ethods are annotated %ith ?'n/ect7 the call order is unde>ined
:he inherited ?'n/ect )ethods are called #e>ore the others
:he inherited and o$erriden ?'n/ect )ethods are not called

? -ostConstruct methods invocation @4A
:he )ethod annotated %ith ?-ostConstruct is called:
a>ter the calls to each ?'n/ect )ethods
:he inherited ?-ostConstruct )ethods are called #e>ore the others
:he inherited and o$erriden ?-ostConstruct )ethods are not called
:he )ethods annotated %ith ?-ostConstruct are called once



Fondament al : .asic rule o1 in/ection
-> a $alue pre$iousl, injected into the injector changes a>ter injection:
it %ill auto)aticall, #e reCinjected into the rele$ant ?'n/ect >ields
?'n/ect )ethods that ha$e recei$ed this $alue as a para)eter are auto)aticall, reCcalled.


3ample 7ith ?5amed


Image 5 6In*ect 67amed 68ptiona


3ample 7ith ?-re1erence
:he ?-re1erence retrie$es the $alue o> a pre>erence.
-t can #e used >or a class >ield or >or a para)eter )ethod
:he pre>erence $alue is co)puted using O#jectConte+tSupplier


Image 1# 6+reference

"4 Workshop E47 Econ !rance "614
B+ 3tep 4 : Context 3p9

,pen the context sp9
?se the shortcut Alt Shi>t !16 or the #utton in E4 spies %indo%


Conte3t spy


(hat are the local values mana0ed !9 this context C
:his part o> the tree contains >or the selected conte+t7 all the $alues directl, set in this
conte+t.
Parent conte+t can not see these $alues
Onl, the current conte+t and child conte+t can access the)

(hat are the 'nherited values in/ected or updated usin0 this context C
:his part o> the tree displa,s onl, $alues de>ined in parent conte+t9s;
:hese $alues are injected using the current selected conte+t
-t is possi#le to open it and to check %here injection is used 9)ethod or >ield;
:he $alues injected %ith <PostConstruct are ne$er displa,ed 9#ecause called once;

;se the search to 1ind o!/ect in context
!or instance search >or HCo)positeH
Check there is a parent Co)posite >or the dash#oard part.
Dou can see that a sa)e instance is stored in conte+t using di>>erent ke,s corresponding to
ancestor classes
Workshop E47 Econ !rance "614 '6
'+ 3tep # : *ddin0 an en0ine to update values

Create an en0ine
We %ill create an engine updating $alues o>
speed
rp)
:his engine %ill contain :
a ti)er task to change the $alues
a speci>ic ?- to start@stop or accelerate@#rake

he core en0ine
:his is the si)ulator.
!or )odularit, reason7 it %ill stand in a speci>ic core plugin
-n this step %e %ill not ,et create the ?-.

:a)in0 the plu0in
Create the com+opcoach+ec12014+en0ine+core plugin
:his plugin %ill use injection so set these dependencies :


'ngine core dependencies

Create the co).opcoach.ec>"614.engine.core package
Cop, the EngineSi)ulator.ja$a >ro) >iles@step. >older
E+port the package
'1 Workshop E47 Econ !rance "614

Chec) the source code
:he EngineSi)ulator de>ines the constants to get@set the $alues
-t recei$es the Conte+t using -njection
-t contains a ti)er updating the $alues.

'nte0ratin0 en0ine and dash!oard
ake the eap plugin depend on the engine.core
Write the code to create the Engine :
-t )ust #e created using Context'n/ectionFactor9 and %ith the application conte+t
And Start engine

Create 'ngine

:hen add the code to inject the $alues :


Listen to 9aue

Do the sa)e >or the speed.

=aunch the dash!oard application
:he counters )ust change
Check the conte+t and >ind in the application conte+t the speed and rp) $alues
Workshop E47 Econ !rance "614 '"


Launch 1tep %

J+ 3tep $ : *ddin0 the en0ine control panel

*rchitecture
:o separate ?- and Core %e %ill create a ne% ?- pure E4 plugin
:o do it create an OS&i Bundle and then add the dependencies on :
j>ace
core.runti)e
dra%"d
ne#ula $isualiEation %idgets...
But donBt %orr, the reAuired #undles %ill #e proposed


'' Workshop E47 Econ !rance "614
.ependencies


*dd the En0ineControl-anel
Create a package and cop, the EngineControlPart >ro) step 0 >older
E+port this package
Check the code :
the engine si)ulator is optional, injected
it %ill #e updated %hen it %ill #e added in conte+t
%e )ust )anage the case o> BnullB
the Engine Si)ulator is updated in listeners and %ill update the conte+t

*dd the panel in the main 7indo7
-n the eap project :
Add the dependenc, to the ne% plugin
?pdate the application )odel and add the part in a sash container
Set the siEe ratios in the container data >ield 90. I >or top7 '. I >or engine control;
?pdate the siEe o> the %indo% 9066+.2.;


/I 8rgani,ation

Workshop E47 Econ !rance "614 '4

;pdate the dash!oard creation
5o% itBs not necessar, to start the engine %hen it is created :
re)o$e the start in Dash#oard.

=aunch the application
Dou should o#tain this ui :


1tep $ aunch

D+ 3tep % : E4 Event .us

'ntroduction
A good >ra)e%ork )ust pro$ide an e$ent )anage)ent )echanis)
?suall,7 to #e noti>ied o> an e$ent7 a listener )ust #e de>ined
And >or each case a speci>ic )ethod )ust #e de>ined
E+a)ple: i> ,ou %ant to listen to %hat is going on %ith +++7 %e %ould ha$e:
+++3istener %ith +++Created 9+++E$ent;7 +++odi>,ed 9+++E$ent; ...
or ,ou can use the E! adapters.
'. Workshop E47 Econ !rance "614
-n E4 there is a )ore si)ple )echanis): the 'Event.ro)er+
-t )anages the E4 e$ent #us

'Event.ro)er
With the E$entBroker ,ou can:
send an e$ent identi>ied %ith the rele$ant o#ject
recei$e e$ent auto)aticall, %hen it appears 9#, injection;
su#scri#e and #e noti>ied %ith an EventBandler 9ja$a.#eans;


Image 11 '9ent :ro;er A+I


3endin0 an event
Sending an e$ent is si)pl, a call to send or post
:he -E$entBroker is recei$ed #, injection


Image 1" '9ent :ro;er send


2eceipt and processin0 an event
We can do it in an injected )ethod that recei$es a ?;'Eventopic para)eter
:he )ethod #eing injected is called >or each sent e$ent
3trin0 patterns can !e used to receive events


Workshop E47 Econ !rance "614 '0
Image 1- '9ent:ro;er recei9e


;'Events
:he ?-E$ents class declares the >ra)e%ork e$ents :
?-3i>eC,le 9B(-5&:O:OP7 AC:-FA:E...;
application )odel updates 9?-Ele)ent.F-S-B3E...;


Image 1! /I'9ents


Event 3p9
:here is a dedicated sp, to displa, e$ents
Dou can open it using the shortcut : *lt 3hi1t F8
Or use the e$ent sp, #utton in E4 sp, %indo%
:he or0+eclipse+e4+tools+event+sp9 plugin )ust #e launched
'2 Workshop E47 Econ !rance "614


'9ent 1py

=+ Creatin0 an alarm s9stem usin0 event sp9

En0ine 7atcher
:he Engine %atcher %ill :
get speed and rp) $alues
co)pute an alar) e$ent depending on conditions
send an e$ent %ith an alar) in>or)ation depending on conditions

En0ine 7atcher implementation
We %ill create this class in the engine core si)ulator
Cop, it >ro) the step 8 >older and add also the Alar) class
-t is a si)ple class that %ill #e instantiated in the )ain dash#oard
-t %ill de>ine the e$ent topics
-t %ill recei$e the $alues and the E$entBroker #, injection
-t sends instances o> Alar) class in E$ent Broker
Workshop E47 Econ !rance "614 '8


'ngine <atcher


*larm implementation
-t is a si)ple #ean %ith %hen7 %hat and $alue :


Aarm cass

'4 Workshop E47 Econ !rance "614

En0ine 7atcher initiali<ation+
:he %atcher is created in the constructor o> the dash#oard :


Create the engine watcher


=aunch the application and chec) the event sp9
(elaunch the application and open the e$ent sp,.
Set the >ilter to Alar)@H in e$ent sp,
Start the engine and accelerate
A>ter a )o)ent alar)s should appear in e$ent sp,.


Launch

Workshop E47 Econ !rance "614 46
:+ step 9 : *dd an alarm vie7er

he alarm part 7ill receive event usin0 in/ection
-t is a ta#le $ie%er displa,ing alar)s :


Aarm +art


'mplementation
:he Alar) Part is a standard E4 part
-t stands in the engine.ui plugin
-t %ill recei$e the e$ent #, injection :


=ecei9ing e9ents


*pplication model update
O> course the part )ust #e added in application )odel.
Set the proportions #et%een sash containers
41 Workshop E47 Econ !rance "614


Appication mode update

Workshop E47 Econ !rance "614 4"

Final result
!inall, ,ou can launch it and ,ou get ,our application :


Main screen

5+ 3tep 10 : application st9lin0

'ntroduction
E4 has its o%n CSS rendering engine
4' Workshop E47 Econ !rance "614
A css >ile can #e set in the properties o> the product e+tension 9see eap plugin.+)l;
Si)pl, create a css re>erencing :
the na)e o> a SW: %idget
the na)e o> the speci>ic o#jects
the na)e o> class in application )odel
or ,our o%n css class de>ined using the -St,lingEngine

Css 3ample


Image 1% css sampe


C33 3p9
We can e+plore the e>>ects o> the CSS %ith CSS Sp,
:o open it use the Auick search at the top o> the screen or Ctrl 3hi1t F# 9%in'"; or *lt 3hi1t F#
9ac;
:he ite) in Auestion is $isualiEed on the screen
Dou can get the CSS >rag)ent and cop, it in ,our css >il
Workshop E47 Econ !rance "614 44


Image 1$ Css spy

4. Workshop E47 Econ !rance "614

C33 2esult
With the pre$ious Css ,ou get this result :


css resut

Workshop E47 Econ !rance "614 40

(or)shop
/ust cop, the de>ault.css >ile >ro) the step16 >older into the css >older o> the eap plugin
And relaunch ,our application.
Dou can pla, %ith the CSS $alues.
,+ Conclusion

E4 status
E4 >ra)e%ork is a great >ra)e%ork to )ake ,our applications
:he spies are $er, help>ul to understand %hat is happening
:he E4 tools %ill #e i)pro$ed in the co)ing )onths 9%e are %orking on it;
!eel >ree to ask Auestions to :
oli$ier<opcoach.co)
e))anuel.#enja)in<eclitech.co)
:raining on these technologies are a$aila#le in >rench7 english and spanish.
Just as) at the ,-Coach !ooth+

*n9 Euestions C

42 Workshop E47 Econ !rance "614