ENG4104 - Assignment 1 - Individual Work: Due Date 25th August 2013 Marks Out of 250 Weighting 25%

ENG4104 - Assignment 1 Individual Work
Due date 25th August 2013

Marks out of 250
Weighting 25%

Objectives
1. Develop an appropriate approach to solve an engineering problem.
2. Apply numerical techniques to analyse a system represented by ordinary and/or
partial differential equations.
3. Apply numerical techniques to analyse a non-linear system.
4. Develop a computer simulation program to assist in the analysis of an engineering
problem.
5. Evaluate the solutions to an engineering problem using a general-purpose
numerical/simulation software package.

Important information

This is an individual assignment, and must be entirely your own work. Before commencing
the assignment please review the policy of the Faculty of Engineering and Surveying:

All assessable work in a course is to be the individual students own work, unless
advised otherwise in the Course Specification. It is unacceptable for students to share
solutions to assessable work on this Study Desk site, or in any other manner. Violations of
this principle are regarded as Academic Misconduct and will be dealt with under the
USQ Academic Regulations."

For guidance on what constitutes Academic Misconduct and its various categories, at USQ
refer to the USQ Student Academic Misconduct Policy available at:
http://policy.usq.edu.au/portal/custom/detail/definitions/index.html

Instructions for working

This is an individual assignment, and must be entirely your own work. You must not present
work that has been completed by any other person. Nor may you download material from the
internet and present it as your own work. All sources of information must be referenced
properly.

Instructions for submission

You must submit both:

(a) A report detailing the background, methodology and solutions to each question. The
report should be designed to be read on a stand-alone basis and should contain all the
necessary graphs and tables. The Matlab code and Simulink block diagrams should be
included either in the body of or as an appendix to the main report. It should not require
the reader to refer to the Matlab code files in order to understand your submission. This
report should be submitted as a PDF (preferred) or in Microsoft Word format.

(b) Electronic copies of all Matlab code and Simulink files.

The report must be uploaded to studydesk as a separate file, the files required for (b) may be
zipped into a separate zip file for ease of submission.

Marks will be allocated for:
- Model development quality of your code, techniques used, use of comments.
- Results not just the final answer but the way in which your answers are presented
and discussed
- Presentation referencing, report structure, readability and quality of graphics

Question Two Hydraulic Press [100 marks]

Background
A device has been constructed in order to apply compression to an object using a hydraulic
press. The device as shown in Figure 1 is controlled by sliding a control lever from left to right
a distance of x metres. This actuation results in compression of the object by a distance of y
metres.

y
q
k
b
m
Chamber 1 Chamber 2 Piston
Cylinder
Object being
compressed
Control
Lever
Supply
Reservoir
x
Return
valves
Actuation
valves
b
v

k
v
Control
Valve

Figure 1 Hydraulic Press

Hydraulic Press
Figure 1 shows the schematics of a simple hydraulic press. As the lever is moved to the right,
the valve will be displaced and hydraulic fluid will flow into chamber 1 of the cylinder. At
the same time, fluid will be discharged from chamber 2 of the cylinder through the valve. The
flow will cause a differential pressure between the two chambers and this will result in a
force (F) to drive the load a distance of y.

The movement of the piston is described by:

2
2
d y dy
m b ky F
dt
dt
+ + = (2.1)

The force exerted onto the piston is by the hydraulic fluid is a function of the difference in
pressure ( p A ) between chamber 1 and chamber 2:
( ) F A p = A (2.2)

Let us allocate the following variables:
A piston area inside the cylinder (m
2
)
4
6 10 A

= m
2
b damping coefficient for the cylinder (Ns/m) 600 b = Ns/m
F force exerted by the piston (N)
k stiffness coefficient of the cylinder (N/m) 67000 k = N/m
m mass of the piston 50 m = kg
p A difference between chambers 1 & 2 (Pa)
q fluid flow rate into the hydraulic cylinder (m
3
/s)
V half of the cylinder volume (m
3
)
4 3
1.2 10 V m
=
x input valve displacement (m)
y load displacement (m)
density of hydraulic fluid (kg/m
3
) = 820 kg/m
3
| Bulk modulus of hydraulic fluid (Pa) | = 1.4 GPa

The fluid flow rate q through the valve opening can be expressed as a function of x and p A .

( )
1 2
q c x c p = A (2.3)

Where
3
1
100 10 c

= m
2
/s and
10
2
2 10 c

= m
3
/(Pa.s)

Once the flow rate q enters chamber 1 it is divided into three components according to the
following:
C L
q q q q + + =
0
(2.4)
where
- The useful flow rate (
0
q ) in the cylinder is

dt
dy
A q =
0
(2.5)

- The leakage flow (
L
q ) based on leakage coefficient
12
10 2

=
L
k m
3
/(Pa.s) is

( ) p k q
L L
A = (2.6)

- The equivalent compressibility flow rate (
C
q ) is given by

( )
dt
p d V
q
C
A
=
|
(2.7)

Control Valve
The control valve is activated by sliding a lever a distance of x metres which in turn controls
the flow into the cylinder according to equation (2.3). In order to avoid sudden engagement
of the hydraulics, movement of the control lever is resisted by a spring and the speed of
movement is restricted by a dampening force.

Net force
v
F dampening stiffness = (2.8)

Where
- The activation force F
v
is the force which is applied to the control lever.

- The dampening (or frictional resistance) is a function of the speed of movement
of the valve and the dampening coefficient, b
v
:

v
dx
dampening b
dt
= (2.9)
- The stiffness due to the spring is a function of displacement and the stiffness
coefficient, k
v
:

v
stiffness k x = (2.10)

- The Net force then causes the valve to accelerate at a
v
m/s
2
depending on the
mass (m
v
) of the moving part of the valve assembly.

2
2
Net force
Net force
v v
v
m a
d x
m
dt
=
=
(2.11)

The properties of the control valve are as follows:

m
v
2kg
k
v
500 N/m
b
v
1000 Ns/m
Max valve
movement
X=0.021m

The Task
You have been asked to predict the behaviour of this system using a computer model. In
order to do this you have selected SIMULINK due to its ability to handle complex systems.

a) Develop a Simulink model which describes both the hydraulic press and control
valve.
b) Use Simulink to model the load displacements for an activation force of F
v
= 10 N.
c) Plot the movement of the control lever/control valve and determine how long it will
take the operator to move this control valve assuming the activation force (Fv) is a
constant 10 N.
d) Plot the following quantities over the time t = 0 to 100 seconds:
i. the load displacement, y
ii. the force exerted by the hydraulic press on the object being compressed
iii. the flow rate of hydraulic oil, q
e) From your results determine the maximum movement (y), maximum force applied by
the hydraulic cylinder and peak oil flow rate.
f) Using the model, analyse the behaviour of the system if the seals inside the hydraulic
piston were deteriorated to a point that the leakage coefficient increased to
12
50 10
L
k

= m
3
/(Pa.s)

Submission Requirements
- Your model must include use of Simulink but you may choose to use Matlab for
specific tasks (e.g. setting values of constants, plotting etc).
- Give full details of the Simulink models.
- Provide all appropriate plots for t = 0 to 100 seconds in the report.
- Discuss all results focussing on the practical application of what you observe.
- Compare and explain the impact of the increase in the leakage coefficient on the
system.

Marking Scheme
Overall, 100 marks are allocated to this task. The breakdown of marks is:
- 40 marks for the development of the Simulink model, including readability of the code
and ease of use
- 20 marks for the results
- 15 marks for interpretation and discussion of the results
- 15 marks for the investigation of an increase in leakage, including results and discussion
- 10 marks for presentation

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Due date 25th August 2013

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