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    What Is Microorganisms?: Microorganisms & Their Effects On Living Things

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    Devikha Peremel
    1) Microorganisms, also known as microbes, are living things that can only be seen under a microscope due to their small size. 2) Anton van Leewenhoek was the first person to discover microorganisms in the 17th century when he observed microbes in a drop of rainwater under his homemade microscope. 3) Microorganisms can be classified into five main groups - bacteria, fungi, protozoa, viruses, and algae - based on their characteristics such as appearance, shape, reproduction methods, and habitat.

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    What Is Microorganisms?: Microorganisms & Their Effects On Living Things

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    Devikha Peremel
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    1) Microorganisms, also known as microbes, are living things that can only be seen under a microscope due to their small size. 2) Anton van Leewenhoek was the first person to discover microorganisms in the 17th century when he observed microbes in a drop of rainwater under his homemade microscope. 3) Microorganisms can be classified into five main groups - bacteria, fungi, protozoa, viruses, and algae - based on their characteristics such as appearance, shape, reproduction methods, and habitat.

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    chapter 1

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    1) Microorganisms, also known as microbes, are living things that can only be seen under a microscope due to their small size. 2) Anton van Leewenhoek was the first person to discover microorganisms in the 17th century when he observed microbes in a drop of rainwater under his homemade microscope. 3) Microorganisms can be classified into five main groups - bacteria, fungi, protozoa, viruses, and algae - based on their characteristics such as appearance, shape, reproduction methods, and habitat.

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    81 views4 pages

    What Is Microorganisms?: Microorganisms & Their Effects On Living Things

    Uploaded by

    Devikha Peremel
    1) Microorganisms, also known as microbes, are living things that can only be seen under a microscope due to their small size. 2) Anton van Leewenhoek was the first person to discover microorganisms in the 17th century when he observed microbes in a drop of rainwater under his homemade microscope. 3) Microorganisms can be classified into five main groups - bacteria, fungi, protozoa, viruses, and algae - based on their characteristics such as appearance, shape, reproduction methods, and habitat.

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    of 4

    MICROORGANISMS & THEIR EFFECTS

    ON LIVING THINGS
    What is microorganisms?
    Microorganisms also known as microbes. Microorganisms are living things which are
    so small that they cannot be seen with the naked eye and are only visible under the
    microscope.

    Who discovered the first microorganism?

    Anton Van Leewenhoek (1632-1732) was the first person to discover the existence
    of microorganisms, when he used the simple microscope that he himself invented to
    view a drop of rainwater which he collected from his roof.
    Types of Microorganisms

    Based on their characteristics ( appearance, shape, size, method of reproduction,
    nutrition and habitat), microorganisms can be classified into 5 groups:

    1)Bacteria
    2)Fungi
    3)Protozoa
    4)Virus
    5)Algae




    BACTERIA

    CHARACTERISTICS

    SEE BACTERIA CELL
    STRUCTURE
    -Unicellular organisms
    -They have cell wall made of peptidoglycan
    -Some have additional slimy capsule outside their cell wall for added protection
    -Beneath the cell wall is its plasma membrane
    -Bacteria do not have nuclear membrane
    -Some bacteria have one or more tail-like structure called 'flagella' which are
    used for swimming
    -Some bacteria also have hundreds of hairlike structures known as pilli
    SHAPE
    -Classified according to their shapes
    -They can be spherical known as cocci, rod-shaped known as bacilli, comma
    shaped known as vibrios and spiral known as spirilla
    SIZE
    -Diameter ranges from 0.5 -1.0 micrometres
    -Only visible using a high powered micoscope
    METHOD OF
    REPRODUCTION
    Sexually by a process called conjugation or Asexually by formation of spores or
    binary fission
    NUTRITION
    Photosynthesis, Chemosynthesis, Saprophytic and Parasitic. Bacteria stores
    food in the form of glycogen granules in its cytoplasm.
    HABITAT
    Can be found almost everywhere (foods, air, water, soil, on any surfaces (such
    as table tops), on the outside as well as inside of organisms especially in the
    intestines).
    MODE OF RESPIRATION
    -Some are aerobic, requiring oxygen to survive
    -Some are anaerobic, do not need oxygen to survive
    -Some can live in the presence or absence of oxygen

    FUNGI

    CHARACTERISTICS
    Do not contain the green pigment chlorophyll, so they have to take in
    nutrients from external. Fungi may be unicellular or multicellular.
    SIZE 10 - 100 micrometres
    METHOD OF REPRODUCTION
    Asexually through budding or formation of spores and sexually through
    conjugation
    NUTRITION parasitism and saprohytism
    HABITAT Dark, moist, warm environment
    EXAMPLE Yeast, Mucor/ Mould

    PROTOZOA

    CHARACTERISTICS
    -Unicellular organisms
    -Move with the help of cillia which continuously beat against the water
    in diagonal pattern
    METHOD OF REPRODUCTION Asexually through binary fission or sexually by conjugation
    NUTRITION
    -Parasitism, saprophytism or autotrophs
    -Cilia/ cilium (hair like structures) send food to oral groove
    HABITAT
    Soil, moist area, live in water ( Amoeba) or inside the body of organisms
    (Plasmodium)
    EXAMPLES Amoeba, Plasmodium, Paramecium

    VIRUS

    CHARACTERISTICS -smallest microorganisms

    SEE VIRUS CELL
    STRUCTURE
    -do not carry out any characteristics of living things
    -when outside a cell, it forms a crystal
    do not show cell organization
    SHAPE Maybe spherical, polyhedral, rod-shaped or rocket shaped
    SIZE Sizes ranges from about 20 - 400 nm in diameter
    METHOD OF
    REPRODUCTION
    They can only multiply inside the living cells (host cell) of animals or plants or other
    microbes. This process harms the host, resulting in a disease.
    NUTRITION Parasitic
    HABITAT living cell (host cell)
    EXAMPLE influenza virus (spherical), tobacco mosaic virus (rod-shaped)

    ALGAE

    CHARACTERISTICS
    -Simple aquatic plant
    -No proper roots, stems, leaves or vascular system
    -contains chlorophyll
    SIZE 1 - 10000 micrometres
    METHOD OF REPRODUCTION Asexually through binary fission or Sexually by conjugation
    NUTRITION
    Photosynthesis (most algae have pigments which use the wavelength that
    penetrate water)
    HABITAT Freshwater and marine (saltwater), soil, bark of trees
    EXAMPLE chlamydomonas (unicellular), spirogyra

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