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Unit 31

The document discusses DC motors, including their basic construction, operation, and different types. It describes how DC motors work by converting electrical energy into mechanical energy using magnetic fields. There are three main types of DC motors - shunt, series, and compound - which are differentiated in how the field and armature circuits are connected. The direction of rotation can be changed by reversing the connections of either the armature or field leads. Torque is determined by the strength of the magnetic fields in both the pole pieces and armature.

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109 views6 pages

Unit 31

The document discusses DC motors, including their basic construction, operation, and different types. It describes how DC motors work by converting electrical energy into mechanical energy using magnetic fields. There are three main types of DC motors - shunt, series, and compound - which are differentiated in how the field and armature circuits are connected. The direction of rotation can be changed by reversing the connections of either the armature or field leads. Torque is determined by the strength of the magnetic fields in both the pole pieces and armature.

Uploaded by

GnanendraReddy
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Unit 31

DC Motors
Unit 31 DC Motors
Objectives:

Discuss the operation of direct-current motors.

Discuss different types of DC motors.

Revie schematic dia!rams of different types


of DC motors.
Unit 31 DC Motors
Construction

" motor is a device used to convert e#ectrica#


ener!y into mechanica# ener!y.

" DC motor and a DC !enerator use the same


ma!netic princip#es of attraction and repu#sion.

$he basic construction of both devices is very


simi#ar.

Unit 31 DC Motors
%asic one-#oop motor.
Unit 31 DC Motors
Construction

$he turnin! force or tor&ue of a motor is


caused by the interaction of the ma!netic
fie#ds surroundin! the ire #oops and the po#e
pieces.

$or&ue is determined by to factors: the


ma!netic stren!th of the po#e pieces' and the
ma!netic stren!th of the armature.
Unit 31 DC Motors
$or&ue is caused by interaction of ma!netic fie#ds.


Unit 31 DC Motors
Construction

$he commutator is a mechanica# rectifier


convertin! "C into DC.

$he commutator a#so provides pathays and


connections to the e(terna# circuit.

DC motors can use schematics simi#ar to the


ones used for DC !enerators.
Unit 31 DC Motors
)ncreasin! the number of #oops and turns
increases output tor&ue.
Unit 31 DC Motors
Construction
* $he armature is the rotatin! part of a DC
motor.
* $hree c#asses of DC motors are:
1. shunt motors
+. series motors
3. compound motors
Unit 31 DC Motors
,hunt motor schematic.
Unit 31 DC Motors
,eries motor schematic.
Unit 31 DC Motors
Compound motor schematics.


Unit 31 DC Motors
Construction
* ,peed re!u#ation is the amount that speed
decreases as mechanica# #oad is increased.
* ,peed re!u#ation is proportiona# to the
resistance of the armature.
* -oer armature resistance means better speed
re!u#ation.
Unit 31 DC Motors
Comparison speed . current curves.
Unit 31 DC Motors
Comparison tor&ue . current curves.
Unit 31 DC Motors
Direction of Rotation
$he direction of rotation of a DC motor can
be reversed by chan!in! the connections of
the armature #eads or the fie#d #eads.
Unit 31 DC Motors
Chan!in! rotation of series motors.
Unit 31 DC Motors
Chan!in! rotation of shunt motors.


Unit 31 DC Motors
Chan!in! rotation of compound motors.
Unit 31 DC Motors
Reversin! rotation of shunt motor ith a sitch.
Unit 31 DC Motors
/orard-reversin! contro# schematic.
Unit 31 DC Motors
0orsepoer
* 1ames 2att determined that the avera!e
horse cou#d do or3 at a rate of 445
foot.pounds per second. $his as
standardi6ed as one horsepoer.
* 7#ectrica# poer can be compared to
mechanica# poer usin! this formu#a: 1
horsepoer 8 9:; atts
Unit 31 DC Motors
0orsepoer
$hese are some more standard conversion
formu#as:
< 1 att 8 3.:+ %$Us per hour
< 1544 atts 8 1 %$U per second
< :.1= atts 8 1 ca#orie per second
< 1.3; atts 8 1 foot.pound per second
Unit 31 DC Motors
Motor $ypes
$here are many different ays of desi!nin!
DC motors to enhance particu#ar
characteristics.
< brush#ess DC motors
< permanent ma!net motors
< servomotors and ,ervoDisc
>
motors


Unit 31 DC Motors
%rush#ess DC motor cutaay vie.
Unit 31 DC Motors
%asic ,ervoDisc
>
motor.
Unit 31 DC Motors
Ri!ht-0and Motor Ru#e
$he fin!ers of the ri!ht hand can be used to
determine the direction of rotation of the
armature hen the ma!netic fie#d po#arity of
the po#e pieces and the direction of current
f#o throu!h the armature are 3non.
Unit 31 DC Motors
Ri!ht-hand motor ru#e.
Unit 31 DC Motors
Revie:
1. " motor is a machine that converts e#ectrica#
ener!y into mechanica# ener!y.
+. Direct-current motors operate on the princip#e
of attraction and repu#sion or ma!netism.
3. DC motors can use schematics simi#ar to the
ones used for DC !enerators.
Unit 31 DC Motors
Revie:
:. $o factors that determine the tor&ue
produced by a motor are:
a. the stren!th of the ma!netic fie#d of the
po#e pieces.
b. the stren!th of the ma!netic fie#d of the
armature.


Unit 31 DC Motors
Revie:
4. $hree basic types of DC motors are the series'
shunt' and compound.
;. %rush#ess DC motors do not contain a ound
armature' commutator' or brushes.
Unit 31 DC Motors
Revie:
9. 2hen fu## vo#ta!e is app#ied to both the
armature and shunt fie#d' the motor i##
operate at base speed.
=. 2hen fu## vo#ta!e is app#ied to the fie#d and
reduced vo#ta!e is app#ied to the armature' the
motor i## operate be#o base speed.
Unit 31 DC Motors
Revie:
?. 2hen fu## vo#ta!e is app#ied to the armature
and reduced vo#ta!e is app#ied to the shunt
fie#d' the motor i## operate above base speed.
15. $he direction of rotation of a direct current
motor can be chan!ed by reversin! the
connection of either the armature or the fie#d
#eads.
Unit 31 DC Motors
Revie:
11. )t is common practice to reverse the
connection of the armature #eads to prevent
chan!in! a compound motor from a
cumu#ative to a differentia# compound.
1+. " shunt fie#d re#ay is used to disconnect poer
to the armature if shunt fie#d current drops
be#o a certain #eve#.

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