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Notes 01. Scaling and Shifting 1D Functions

1. The document discusses scaling and shifting 1-D functions. It introduces a triangular function f(t) and shows how it can be scaled and shifted to create new functions g(t), h(t), and q(t). 2. It explains that scaling stretches or compresses the function about the origin by a factor a, shifting moves the function right or left by an amount b, and amplifying scales the amplitude by a factor c. 3. Figures 1 and 2 show examples of f(t) and its scaled and shifted versions to illustrate these transformations.

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Jean Rene
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52 views

Notes 01. Scaling and Shifting 1D Functions

1. The document discusses scaling and shifting 1-D functions. It introduces a triangular function f(t) and shows how it can be scaled and shifted to create new functions g(t), h(t), and q(t). 2. It explains that scaling stretches or compresses the function about the origin by a factor a, shifting moves the function right or left by an amount b, and amplifying scales the amplitude by a factor c. 3. Figures 1 and 2 show examples of f(t) and its scaled and shifted versions to illustrate these transformations.

Uploaded by

Jean Rene
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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1.

Scaling and Shifting 1-D Functions


William T. Rhodes
11Jan08
We will frequently work with scaled and shifted versions of various functions. Consider the
function
1, 1 0
( ) 1, 0 2
0, otherwise
t t
f t t
+ <

<
'

and three shifted-scaled versions given y


1
( ) !
2
t
g t f
_


,
1
( ) 1
2
h t f t
_
+

,
2
( )
!
x
q t f
+ _


,
"f you understand the #rocedures that take you fro$
( ) f t
to
( ) g t
,
( ) h t
, and
( ) q t
, you are
#re#ared to handle $ost any scaling-shifting o#eration.
%he functions
( ) f t
and
( ) g t
are sketched in &ig. 1 so as to show their relationshi# to one
another. 'ote that the total width of the function has een increased y a factor of 2 and what
egan at the origin for
( ) f t
, i.e., the #eak of the triangular section of the function, ends u# 1 unit
to the right. %he associated #rocedure can e a##lied to the $ore general function [ ] ( ) ( cf t b a
,
where the scaling-shifting o#erations consist of (a) stretching the function y the factor a,
shifting the resulting scaled function in the #ositive-t direction y the a$ount b, and then scaling
the a$#litude y the factor c. %hus to otain [ ] ! ( 1) ( 2 f t
, you first stretch
( ) f t
y a factor of
2, then shift the resulting stretched function right y 1 unit, and finally scale the a$#litude y the
factor !. )ractice with the function [ ] 2 ( 2) ( ! f t
.
&ig. 1 *hows
( ) f t
and its scaled-shifted version [ ] ! ( 1) ( 2 f t
. %he arrows suggest the
o#erations (scale, shift, a$#lify) associated with the three res#ective #ara$eters 1, 2, and !.
" will refer a scaled-shifted version of
( ) f t
written in the for$
t b
cf
a
_

,
as eing in standard scaled-shifted for$. "n $ost cases the value of the scaling #ara$eter a will
e #ositive (if not, see the note elow on reflecting
( ) f t
through the origin). +alues of 1 a >
result in a stretching, i.e., the function gets longer along the t-a,is. "f 0 1 a < < , the scaling
o#eration results in a co$#ressed, or squee-ed version of
( ) f t
.
%he function
( ) h t
is not in standard scaled-shifted for$, ut it can e rewritten to e so.
1 2
( ) 1
2 2
t
h t f t f
+ _ _
+

, ,
.
&ollowing the #rocedure taken for
( ) g t
, we can easily sketch
( ) h t
, as shown in the &ig. 2(a).
'ote that the / sign efore the 2 in the standard-for$ nu$erator $eans that what lies at the
origin for the starting function
( ) f t
$ust now e $oved 2 units to the left, i.e., minus 2 units in
the #ositive-t direction. 0s a check on the reasoning, set t equal to 2 and note that you $ust e
looking at
(0) f
.
&ig. 2 *hows two scaled and shifted versions of
( ) f t
,
( ) h t
and
( ) q t
. 'ote that the $inus sign in
the latter leads to a reflection of the starting function.
1ealing with the $inus sign in the scaled-shifted function
( ) q t
requires only slightly
$ore effort. 2y a##roach is to first define the reflected version of
( ) f t
, illustrated in &ig. 2()
and given y
( ) ( )
ref
f t f t @
,
and then write
( ) q t
in the for$
2 2
( )
! !
ref
t t
q t f f
+ _ _


, ,
.
3nowing the sha#e of
( )
ref
f t
(you should sketch this function for #ractice), you can then easily
sketch
( ) q t
following the earlier #rocedures, the result eing shown in &ig. 2(c).
%he following co$$ents relate to what we have discussed.
1. 0ny stretching or co$#ression of a function is #erfor$ed about the origin. %hink in
ter$s of a ruer sheet containing a #icture of
( ) f t
which you then stretch y, e.g., a
factor of 2.
2. When working with standard-for$ scaled-shifted versions of
( ) f t
, it is i$#ortant that
you #erfor$ the scaling and shifting o#erations in the correct order, for the two
o#erations do not co$$ute (i.e., you cannot in general reverse the order in which they are
#erfor$ed and otain the sa$e result). +erify this fact for yourself y taking
! ( ) f t
,
shifting it right y 1 unit, and then stretching the result y a factor of 2 ( re$e$ering to
stretch aout the origin, not aout any other #oint on the function). "f you #erfor$ the
o#erations as stated, you will not get the result otained aove for
( ) g t
.

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