Torres V Satsatin: Facts

TORRES V SATSATIN
2
FEB
GR 166759 | November 25, 2009 | J. Peralta
(A) belated service of summons on respondents cannot be deemed to have cured the fatal defect
in the enforcement of the writ. The trial court cannot enforce such a coercive process on
respondents without first obtaining jurisdiction over their person. The preliminary writ of
attachment must be served after or simultaneous with the service of summons on the defendant
whether by personal service, substituted service or by publication as warranted by the
circumstances of the case.

Facts:
Siblings Torres (petitioners) each owned adjacent 20,000 square meters track of land in
Dasmarias, Cavite. Nicanor Satsatin, through petitioners mother Agripina Aledia, was able to
convince the siblings to sell their property and authorize him via SPA, to negotiate for its sale.
Nicanor offered to sell the properties to Solar Resources, to which Solar allegedly agreed to buy
the three parcels of land plus the property of one Rustica Aledia for P35, 000,000. Petitioners
claimed that Solar has already paid the entire purchase price, however Nicanor only remitted P9,
000,000 out of the P28, 000,000 sum they are entitled to and that Nicanor had acquired a house
and lot and a car (which he registered in the names of his children). Despite the repeated verbal
and written demands, Nicanor failed to remit the balance prompting the petitioners to file a
complaint for sum of money against the family Satsatin.
Petitioners filed an Ex Parte Motion for the Issuance of a Writ of Attachment, alleging among
other things, that respondent was about to depart the country and that they are willing to post a
bond fixed by court. After filing a Motion for Deputation of Sheriff, which the RTC granted, it
issued a Writ of Attachment (WOA) on November 15. On November 19, after serving a copy of the
WOA upon the Satsatins, the sheriff levied their real and personal properties. On November 21,
the summons and copy of complaint was served upon the respondents. Respondents filed their
answer and a Motion to Discharge Writ of Attachment, claiming, among others, that: the bond
was issued before the issuance of WOA, the WOA was issued before the summons was received.
Respondents posted a counter-bond for the lifting of WOA, which was denied along with MR.
Aggrieved, they filed with CA a Petition for Certiorari, Mandamus and Prohibition with
Preliminary Injunction and TRO under Rule 65. CA ruled in favor of respondents and denied
petitioners MR hence the petition for review on certiorari with the SC.

Issue:
W/N CA erred in finding that RTC was guilty of GADALEJ in the issuance and implementation of
the WOA

Held:
No. A writ of preliminary attachment is defined as a provisional remedy issued upon order of the
court where an action is pending to be levied upon the property or properties of the defendant
therein, the same to be held thereafter by the sheriff as security for the satisfaction of whatever
judgment that might be secured in the said action by the attaching creditor against the defendant.
In the case at bar, the CA correctly found that there was grave abuse of discretion amounting to
lack of or in excess of jurisdiction on the part of the trial court in approving the bond posted by
petitioners despite the fact that not all the requisites for its approval were complied with. In
accepting a surety bond, it is necessary that all the requisites for its approval are met; otherwise,
the bond should be rejected.
Moreover, in provisional remedies, particularly that of preliminary attachment, the distinction
between the issuance and the implementation of the writ of attachment is of utmost importance
to the validity of the writ. The distinction is indispensably necessary to determine when
jurisdiction over the person of the defendant should be acquired in order to validly implement the
writ of attachment upon his person.
In Cuartero v. Court of Appeals, this Court held that the grant of the provisional remedy of
attachment involves three stages: first, the court issues the order granting the application; second,
the writ of attachment issues pursuant to the order granting the writ; and third, the writ is
implemented. For the initial two stages, it is not necessary that jurisdiction over the person of the
defendant be first obtained. However, once the implementation of the writ commences, the court
must have acquired jurisdiction over the defendant, for without such jurisdiction, the court has no
power and authority to act in any manner against the defendant. Any order issuing from the Court
will not bind the defendant.
At the time the trial court issued the writ of attachment on November 15, 2002, it can validly to do
so since the motion for its issuance can be filed at the commencement of the action or at any time
before entry of judgment. However, at the time the writ was implemented, the trial court has not
acquired jurisdiction over the persons of the respondent since no summons was yet served upon
them. The proper officer should have previously or simultaneously with the implementation of
the writ of attachment, served a copy of the summons upon the respondents in order for the trial
court to have acquired jurisdiction upon them and for the writ to have binding effect.
Consequently, even if the writ of attachment was validly issued, it was improperly or irregularly
enforced and, therefore, cannot bind and affect the respondents.
Moreover, again assuming arguendo that the writ of attachment was validly issued, although the
trial court later acquired jurisdiction over the respondents by service of the summons upon them,
such belated service of summons on respondents cannot be deemed to have cured
the fatal defect in the enforcement of the writ. The trial court cannot enforce such a
coercive process on respondents without first obtaining jurisdiction over their
person. The preliminary writ of attachment must be served after or simultaneous
with the service of summons on the defendant whether by personal service,
substituted service or by publication as warranted by the circumstances of the case.
The subsequent service of summons does not confer a retroactive acquisition of jurisdiction

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