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TOPIC: RULES OF ALGEBRAIC EQUATIONS

In this lesson, we will learn how to solve algebraic equations. There are some rules
of algebraic equations that needs to be followed:
1. Adding and Subtracting numbers to both sides of an equation
e.g.
x + 4 = 12
x + 4 4 = 12 4
x = 8 (ans)

In modern mathematics, there is a different way of thinking:

x + 4 = 12
x = 12 4

In this case, we have shifted the +4 from the left-hand-side to the right-hand-side by
doing an inverse operation. In general,


Addition and Subtraction are inverse operations of each other


2. Multiplying and Dividing a non-zero number to both sides of an equation
e.g.
2x = 8
x = 8 2

x 3 = 5
x = 5 x 3
x = 15

Using the theory of inverse operations, we can also conclude that


Multiplication and Division are inverse operations of each other.


3. Managing zeros in equations

For equations, we have to be careful when dealing with zeros. In general, the rules
are:
we are not allowed to divide an equation by zero.
we are also not allowed to multiply an equation by zero.
It is ok to add/subtract zero to the equation





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Example. Solve the equations:

a*. m 6 = 15 b. 4 + m = 8






c. 6 m = 3 d. 5 = 3 + m






e. 9 = 17 m f*. 3 m = 1 + m






g. 2m 1 = 5 h. 4m + 2 = 18







i. 3m 6 = 24 j. 9 3m = 6







k. x + 2x = 3 l. 2x + 1 = x + 3







m. 3u + 15 + 2u + 30 = 150 n. 7p 8 = 20 7p







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Name: _________________ Date: ____________

Homework. Solve the following equations:

1. y 3 = 9






Ans: y = ________
2. 3 + z = 19







Ans: z = ________
3. 7x + 10 = 143









Ans: x = ________
4. 19 t = 5









Ans: t = ________

5. 31 2r = 21








Ans: t = _________
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6. 26 7x = 19







Ans: x = ________

7. 3m 9 = 2m 1








Ans: m = ________

8. 8 y = 5 + 2y








Ans: y = _________

9. 3x + 2x 7 = 8









Ans: x = __________

10. 2.5u 8 = 1.5u + 1







Ans: u = __________
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TOPIC: Algebraic Expressions

Example: Write the following expressions in algebra:

1. two more than w : ________________________

2. w less than 10 : ______________________


Practice:

1. 4 less than y : _________________

2. 3 more than z: ______________

3. five times the number x : ___________________

4. the number x divided by three : _________________

5. y less than 24 : _________________

6. z more than 32 : _________________

7. two times n more than 4 : ___________________

8. three times a number d minus 4 : __________________

9. ten less than twice of the number x : ____________________

10. twice of the sum of x and five : _____________________








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Method of Algebraic Theory in Solving Equations:

a. Read the question and identify the unknown quantity.
b. Represent the unknown quantity using a letter, e.g. a, b, c, x, y.
c. Express other quantities in terms of the unknown quantity
d. Form an equation based on the given information
e. Solve the equation and write down the answer statement.

TOPIC: Whole Numbers

Example: Jennifer has 12 more pies than Clara at first. After Jennifer had eaten 4 pies,
she had twice as many pies as Clara in the end. How many pies did Clara have?





























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1. Janice had 32 more sweets than Rebecca at first. After Rebecca had eaten 14
of her sweets, Janice had thrice as many sweets as Rebecca. How many sweets
did Janice have at first?














2. Dennis had 120 marbles more than Jean at first. After Dennis had given away
150 of his marbles to Calvin, Jean had thrice as many marbles as Dennis. Find
the number of marbles Dennis had at first.













3. Mr Tan had $800 more than Mr Krishnan at first. After Mr Krishnan had spent
$340, Mr Tan had 5 times as much money as Mr Krishnan. Find the amount of
money Mr Tan had at first.












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4. Joshua had 45 more stickers than Melvin at first. After Melvin had used up 15
of his stickers, Joshua had thrice as many stickers s Melvin. Find the number
of stickers Joshua had at first.













5. Mrs Lim baked 60 more cookies than Mrs Tan at first. After Mrs Lim had
given away 180 of her cookies to her nephew, Mrs Tan had twice as many
cookies as Mrs Lim in the end. Find the number of cookies Mrs Lim baked at
first.














6. John had $45 more than Melvin at first. After John had spent $75, Melvin had
thrice as much money as John left. Find the amount of money John had at
first.


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Example: There were twice as many men as women at a party. After 15 women had
left the party, the number of men in the party was thrice as the number of remaining
women. How many adults attended the party?





















1. There were twice as many boys as girls at a party. After 8 girls left the party,
there were thrice as many boys as girls who remained behind. How many boys
were there at the party?






















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2. Aaron had twice as many stickers as Henry at first. After Henry has used up
15 stickers, Aaron had 4 times as many stickers as Henry. How many stickers
did Aaron have?















3. Calvin had thrice as many sweets as Mike. If Mike gave away 12 sweets to his
sister, Calvin would have 7 times as many sweets as Mike. How many sweets
did Calvin have?












4. There were thrice as many swimmers as non-swimmers at a swimming
carnival. After 40 non-swimmers had left the carnival, there were 5 times as
many swimmers as non-swimmers at the carnival. How many swimmers were
there at the carnival?











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Example: There were twice as many men as women at a concert. After 90 men had
left the concert, the number of women in the concert was twice the number of men
that remained. How many adults attended the concert?


















1. A farmer had twice as many chickens as ducks. After he had sold 200
chickens, he had thrice as many ducks as chickens. How many chickens did he
had at first?


























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2. Mary baked twice as many cookies as Linda at first. After Mary had given
away 80 cookies to her friend, Carol, Linda had thrice as many cookies as
Mary. How many cookies did Mary bake at first?














3. Mdm Wong made thrice as many chocolate tarts as Mdm Lee at first. After
Mdm Wong had made another 30 chocolate tarts, Mdm Wong had 5 times as
many chocolate tarts as Mdm Lee. How many chocolate tarts did Mdm Wong
have at first?












4. There were thrice as many men as women at a party. After 45 men had left the
party, there were thrice as many women as men that remained behind. How
many men were there at the party at first?